[ { "Title\/Name": "Owen, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0011", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/owen-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Balwyn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Trade unionist, Women's liberationist", "Summary": "Mary Owen was founding Coordinator of The Working Women's Centre Melbourne, 1975-1986, when it was absorbed into the Australian Council of Trade Unions. She was a staff member of AAESDA (Association of Architects, Engineers, Surveyors & Draughtsmen of Australia), 1965 -1975 and a member of La Trobe University Council 1983-1990. She was appointed Deputy Chancellor of La Trobe University 1989. A founding member of Emily's List, Mary Owen was also a Member of the Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) for over forty-three years. She represented WEL on many Government committees, making a significant impact on policies advancing the status of women, especially the fight for equal pay.\nIn 1986 the first Mary Owen Dinner was organised in Melbourne to celebrate Mary's retirement. Held annually, the event lasted twenty years. There was always a female keynote speaker and the audience, normally in the order of 600 women, wearing the feminist colours of purple, green and white, was a sight to behold. The last dinner was held in 2005.\nMary Owen was a very early supporter of the Australian Women's Archives Project, which began as a community based organisation's response to a request from Mary Owen for help with conserving the records of her long and varied contribution to public life.\nBorn in 1921, Mary was a woman who effected change - and made Australia a better, more equal place for all of us coming after her. She died 23 March, 2017.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-we-know\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-decade-of-mary-owen-dinners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-mary-owen-oam\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-women-discussion-papers-from-the-working-womens-centre-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-political-participation-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stress-in-the-workplace\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-rights-in-the-workplace-whats-being-done-to-improve-them\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-generously-women-mentoring-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-minna-ryan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/why-have-a-working-womens-centre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/i-confess-id-rather-work-for-a-few-reforms\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/discrimination-what-does-it-mean\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-choice-for-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-came-out-of-copenhagen-the-definition-and-relevance-of-education-for-women-in-developing-countries\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-working-womens-centre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-affirmative-action-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-a-wastefully-exploited-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100-years-of-womens-suffrage-1908-2008-reflection-and-celebration\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-owen-dinner-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-owen-1951-2017-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/owen-mary-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-edna-ryan-1948-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mary-owen-co-ordinator-of-the-working-womens-centre-melbourne-1981-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Elix, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE0032", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elix-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocate, Consumer activist, Environmentalist", "Summary": "Jane Elix was the National Coordinator of the Women's Electoral Lobby from 1985-86.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-passionate-advocate-for-women-and-environment\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Freeman, Mavis Louisa", "Entry ID": "AWE0039", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freeman-mavis-louisa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Scientist, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Mavis Freeman worked with Macfarlane Burnet during the 1930s and, with Burnet, succeeded in identifying the microbe responsible for Q fever. She became only the second female scientist to join the AIF and served in the Australian Army Medical Corps during World War II, undertaking research into safe methods for blood transfusion in malarial regions.\n", "Details": "Mavis Louisa Freeman went from Firbank Grammar School to the University of Melbourne, where she took her BSc in 1928 and MSc on denaturation of proteins in 1950. Between the two she had led an exciting life. From 1928 until July 1940, she undertook protein research with Macfarlane Burnet at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute. In 1934 she won the travelling fellowship made available by the Victorian Women Graduates' Association, which allowed her to study at the Lister Institute.\nIn 1937, the first time the cause of a human disease had been identified and isolated in Australia, she and Burnet succeeded in identifying the bacterium, Coxiella burnetii, responsible for Q fever which is carried by cattle, sheep, goats, rodents, cats, dogs, birds, and marsupials. It can survive harsh conditions and remain in the environment for long periods of time. People may become infected through breathing in small particles with bacteria from animal fluids. Handling birthing products and slaughtering animals pose an especially high risk. In 1940 Mavis Freeman was the lead author of a paper on testing of sera for agglutination with au emulsion of Rickettsia burneti.[1]\nIn 1940, Mavis Freeman became only the second female scientist to join the AIF, serving in the Australian Army Medical Corps and undertaking research into safe methods for blood transfusion in malarial regions. The Australian Women's Weekly noted that 'as there is no special uniform for women doing her work, she will wear the trim navy-blue outdoor uniform and the saxe-blue working dress of the VAD'.[2] On duty in the Middle East, she disproved the common assumption that 'desert sores' were caused by bacterial infection, showing that they could be prevented by improvements in hygiene.\nThe official history tells us:\nShe was commissioned as a lieutenant in the A.A.M.W.S. on 20th May 1942 and appointed an assistant pathologist. Promotion among assistant pathologists, male and female, was governed by the ratio of one captain to four lieutenants.[3]\nAfter the war, she returned to the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute until 1948 when she took a position in the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Research in Adelaide.\n[1] M. Freeman, E.H. Derrick, H.E. Brown, D.J.W. Smith & D.W. Johnson. 'Studies in the Epidemiology of Q Fever. 5. Surveys of Human and Animal Sera for R\u00ecckettsia burneti Agglutinins'.\nAustralian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science. v. 18 no. 3(1940): 193-200.\n[2] 'Women also Serve'. Australian Women's Weekly. 30 March 1940: 39. See also 'Let's Talk of Interesting People'. Australian Women's Weekly. 21 September 1940: 2.\n[3] Allan S. Walker. Australia in the War of 1939-1945. Series 5 - Medical. Volume IV - Medical Services of the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force with a section on women in the Army Medical Services. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1961. p 419.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-war-against-disease\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freeman-mavis-louisa-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Galbraith, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0040", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/galbraith-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tyers, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Botanical collector, Botanist", "Summary": "Galbraith, a prominent Victorian naturalist, joined the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria in 1923 and in 1970 was awarded their Australian Natural History Medallion. In 1950 she published Wildflowers of Victoria which by 1970 had gone to three editions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jean-galbraith-1900-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-to-david-sharpe-from-professor-thomas-cherry-and-jean-galbraith-1965-march-2-1969-november-7-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jean-galbraith-field-naturalist-and-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marian-eldridge-1942-1997-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fletcher, Jane Ada", "Entry ID": "AWE0052", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fletcher-jane-ada\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Penshurst, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Ornithologist, Poet", "Summary": "Jane Fletcher published a number of books on nature and nature study, and broadcast on 7ZL Hobart and 3LO Melbourne. In 1934 she became the first woman to lecture to the Royal Society of Tasmania. She was an outstanding bird observer with a particular interest in crakes and rails.\n", "Details": "Jane Fletcher began work on an aunt's farm in Wilmot, north-western Tasmania, from 1892-96. From 1896 she worked as a sewing teacher (initially without pay) at West Kentish Primary School. By 1899 she had qualified as a head teacher and was appointed to set up a school at Upper Wilmot. She later taught at Cleveland (Tasmania), Springfield, Woodbridge and Forcett.\nFletcher undertook fieldwork for Gregory Mathews (q.v.) until 1936. She was the first woman to deliver a lecture to the Royal Society of Tasmania (in 1934), of which she was a member. She was a foundation member in 1901 - and life member from 1945 - of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union. \nShe wrote a number of children's books, including Stories from Nature (London, 1915) and Little Brown Piccaninnies of Tasmania (Sydney, 1950), her most popular children's book. She also wrote books and articles for adults on Tasmanian history, Aborigines and ornithology, her final book being Tasmania's Own Birds (1956).\nOn retirement, Fletcher opened part of her house at Eaglehawk Neck as a Youth Hostel.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-in-their-field-women-and-australian-anthropology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fletcher-jane-ada-1870-1956\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om67-02-jane-ada-fletcher-papers-1915-1917-1933-1939\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rivett, Amy Christine", "Entry ID": "AWE0057", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rivett-amy-christine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yarrawonga, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Amy Rivett was a medical practitioner who specialised in gynaecology. She was a disciple of Marie Stopes and advocated birth control. During WWI she worked in several hospitals in Brisbane. After the war she moved into private practice, first on her own and then, from 1946, with her brother Edward in Sydney. She was a founding member of the Queensland Medical Women's Society.\n", "Details": "Amy Rivett was educated at the University of Sydney (MB 1915; ChM 1918). Over the course of her career she worked as Superintendent, Hospital for Sick Children (Brisbane) 1915-17; resident medical officer, Brisbane General Hospital 1917; resident medical officer, Lady Bowen Hospital 1918; and in private practice, Wickham Terrace 1919-ca 1946. She studied in London and Vienna in 1936, and moved into private practice with her brother Edward in Sydney from 1946. As municipal medical officer in Brisbane she was in charge of the health of licensed prostitutes. She specialised in gynaecology and experimented in mental telepathy and extra-sensory perception.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rivett-amy-christine-1891-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rivett, Doris Mary (Mary)", "Entry ID": "AWE0059", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rivett-doris-mary-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beechworth, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Psychologist", "Summary": "Mary Rivett was trained as a psychologist and lectured briefly at the University of Sydney. With her sister Elsie she formed the free Children's Library and Crafts Club in 1922. In 1934 they formed the Children's Library and Crafts Movement which after their death became the Creative Leisure Movement.\n", "Details": "Educated Universities of Sydney (BA 1918) and Cambridge (first-class honours in psychology 1921). Lecturer, Bedford College, University of London ca1922, returned to Sydney 1922. University extension lecturer in psychology 1923-27, lectured at the Kindergarten Training College and edited her father's paper the \"Federal Independent\".\nRivett left the university to promote faith healing and was interested in telepathy. She formed the free Children's Library and Crafts Club 1922, and in 1934 the Children's Library and Crafts Movement, of which she was secretary-organiser until 1961.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rivett-doris-mary-1896-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rivett-elsie-grace-1887-1964\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-elizabeth-long-relating-to-the-rivett-family-circa-1860-1960-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macnamara, Annie Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0063", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macnamara-annie-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beechworth, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical scientist", "Summary": "Jean Macnamara, born in 1899 at Beechworth, Victoria, and a graduate of the University of Melbourne, was a physician at the Children's Hospital Melbourne in 1922 and 1923, a consultant and medical officer to the Poliomyelitis Committee of Victoria 1925-1931, and medical officer, Yooralla Hospital School for Crippled Children 1928-1951. During 1931-1933 she held the Rockefeller Foundation travelling scholarship, furthering her studies on poliomyelitis. While in America she learnt about the virus myxomatosis and it was largely due to her efforts that the Australian Government held field trials testing the virus as a means to eradicating Australia's rabbit problem. She was on the part-time staff of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research 1933-1937. As Mrs Annie Jean Connor (she married Dr Ivan Connor in 1934), she was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her services to the welfare of children in 1935, and was known as Dame Jean Macnamara.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-standing-back-dame-jean-macnamara\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/technology-in-australia-1788-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macnamara-dame-annie-jean-1899-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-annie-jean-macnamara\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macnamara-annie-jean-1899-1968-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jean-macnamara-ca-1920-1968-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clarke, Adrienne Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0065", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-adrienne-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanist, Medical scientist", "Summary": "Clarke, a scientist with the Plant Cell Biology Research Centre at the University of Melbourne from 1982, received a Personal Chair in Botany at the University of Melbourne in 1985 and became Lieutenant Governor of Victoria in 1997.\nClarke was the first female Chairperson of the CSIRO, a position which she held from 1991 until 1996.\n", "Details": "Adrienne Clarke was educated at the University of Melbourne, where she completed her Bachelor of Science in 1958, and PhD in 1963. In 1991 she was awarded an AO.\nClarke's prolific career began in the 1960s when she worked as a Research Fellow with the Institute of Dental Research, United Dental Hospital of Sydney, 1964; Visiting Instructor, Department of Endocrine Physiology, Baylor University, Houston, Texas, Jan-Jun 1967; Research Fellow, Department of Biochemistry, University of Michigan, July-Dec 1967; and Lecturer in Biochemistry, University of Auckland, 1968-69.\nThe following decade and a half saw her work with the University of Melbourne as follows: Research Fellow, Asthma Foundation, Department of Medicine, 1969-73; Research Fellow, School of Botany, 1974; ARGC Research Fellow, School of Botany, 1975-77; Lecturer in Botany, 1978; Senior Lecturer in Botany, 1979; Reader in Botany, 1981; Director, Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, 1982 onward; and Professor, School of Botany, 1985 onward.\nShe was appointed Chairman of CSIRO from 1991-96; and Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria from 1997.\nAdrienne Clarke is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (1988), Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (1991), Mueller Medal winner (1992), and Foreign Associate, US National Academy of Sciences (1994).\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-adrienne-elizabeth-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ragbir-singh-bhathal-1949-2006-bulk-1996-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cory, Suzanne", "Entry ID": "AWE0066", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cory-suzanne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Biochemist, Molecular oncologist", "Summary": "Suzanne Cory (AC FAA FRS) is an Australian molecular biologist of international renown. She has worked on the genetics of the immune system and cancer and has lobbied her country to invest in science.\nShe was Director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research between 1996 and 2009, after spending eight years as Joint Head of the Molecular Biology Unit with her husband, Jerry Adams, before her appointment as Director.\nIn 1998 she received the Australia Prize, in 2001 the L'Or\u00e9al-UNESCO Award for Women in Science, followed by the Royal medal in 2002 and the Pearl Meister Greengard Prize in 2009. She was the first elected female President of the Australian Academy of Science and took office on 7 May 2010 for a four-year term. In 2011 the Suzanne Cory High School, a public high school that caters to 800 students from years 9-12, opened in Cory's honour in 2011.\n", "Details": "Cory completed a Bachelor of Science (1964) and Master of Science (1965) at the University of Melbourne, before being awarded her PhD by Cambridge University in 1968.\nSince then she has been nominated Queen Elizabeth II Fellow, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research 1972-74; Roche Fellow 1974-76; Research Fellow 1977; Senior Research Fellow 1978-83; Principal Research Fellow 1984-88; Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science 1986; Senior Principal Research Fellow and Joint Head, Molecular Biology Unit 1988-96; Director from 1996; International Research Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute from 1992; Fellow of the Royal Society 1992; Research Professor of Molecular Oncology, University of Melbourne from 1993; Burnet Lecturer, Australian Academy of Science 1997; and Fellow, Royal Society of Victoria 1997.\nAwards include the David Syme Prize, University of Melbourne 1982; the Avon Australia \"Spirit of Achievement\" Award 1992; the Lemberg Medal, Australian Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 1995; and the Australia Prize 1998.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-suzanne-cory-director-of-the-walter-and-eliza-hall-institute-of-medical-research-wehi-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/suzanne-cory-interviewed-by-ragbir-bhathal-in-the-australian-women-scientists-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ragbir-singh-bhathal-1949-2006-bulk-1996-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Farmer, Margaret Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE0081", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/farmer-margaret-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Psychotherapist, Social worker", "Summary": "Margaret Farmer was a social worker and psychotherapist. She was a foundation member of a group of child care centres established in the 1970s in Caulfield, Victoria. She was a volunteer visitor for 17 years of the Anti-Cancer Council Breast Cancer Support Service.\n", "Details": "Margaret Farmer was awarded her B.A. Dip. Social Studies in 1956 and her B.Social Work in 1978, both from the University of Melbourne.\nShe was a member of the Women's Electoral Lobby, International Women's Development Agency, Amnesty International, Coalition against Trafficking Women, Austcare, UN NA, Soroptimist International, Unifem and Genealogical Society of Victoria.\nMargaret is the daughter of Margery Johnson (n\u00e9e Warren), and mother of Felicity, Celia and David.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Connell, Helen Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0085", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oconnell-helen-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Urologist", "Summary": "Helen O'Connell was the first Australian woman to complete urology training. Her work on female genital anatomy, published in 1998, was pathbreaking. In particular, her research on the anatomy of the clitoris drew worldwide attention.\n", "Events": "For distinguished service to medical education, and to medicine in the field of urology, as an academic and clinician, and to professional groups. (2021 - 2021)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henry, Alice", "Entry ID": "AWE0086", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Journalist, Lecturer, Trade unionist, Writer", "Summary": "Alice Henry was a feminist journalist and union activist who became a prominent and respected figure in the American women's and trade union movements in the early twentieth century.\n", "Details": "Alice Henry was the daughter of Scottish born migrants to Australia who she credits with ensuring that she developed a passionate commitment to social justice issues. She received a good, progressive education but was denied access to a university education. Nevertheless, she accepted the need to support herself, so Henry first tried teaching but then turned to journalism after a serious illness. She published her first article in 1884. For the next twenty years she wrote for the Argus, the Australasian, and occasionally other newspapers and overseas journals, under her own name or a pseudonym, 'A.L.F.', 'Wyuna', or 'Pomona'.\nAt the age of 48 she embarked on an overseas tour which took in the United Kingdom and the United States. Unable to find work in England, she arrived in the United States in December 1905. Her knowledge of the Australian feminist and labour movements attracted the attention of the prominent reformer Margaret Dreier Robins. She invited Henry to work for the National Women's Trade Union League of America (W.T.U.L.) in Chicago where, as lecturer, as field-worker organizing new branches, and as journalist, she became a key figure in the campaign for woman suffrage, union organization, vocational education, and labour legislation in the United States.\nIn 1908, she began to edit the women's section of the Chicago Union Labor Advocate, and in January 1911 became the founding editor of the W.T.U.L.'s monthly Life and Labor, where she remained as editor (working with Australian novelist Miles Franklin) until 1915. She served in a variety of ways and positions at W.T.U.L. including investigating the conditions of woman brewery workers (1910), author of The Trade Union Woman (1915), field organizer (1918-20), and director of the education department (1920-22). She returned to Melbourne temporarily in 1925 to address meetings and urge the importance of combining unionism and feminism. This visit inspired women to form an organisation similar to her own in Melbourne in July 1925, named the Women's Trade Union League.\nHenry retired to Santa Barbara, California, in 1928. She returned to Melbourne in 1933 and died there ten years later.\nPublished\nThe Trade Union Woman, 1915\nWomen and the Labor Movement, 1925\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-henry-investigates\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-henry-the-power-of-pen-voice-the-life-of-an-australian-american-labour-reformer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-alice-1857-1943\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fred-coleman-browne-papers-including-papers-of-his-wife-eileen-powell-ca-1871-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-kate-baker-1893-1946-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alice-henry-1873-1943-bulk-1873-1943-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-henry-1857-1943-annotated-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alice-henry-1873-1943\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miles-franklin-papers-1841-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-henry-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-alice-henry-ca-1901-1903\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Spunner, Suzanne Sylvia", "Entry ID": "AWE0095", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spunner-suzanne-sylvia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dromana, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art historian, Critic, Playwright, Writer", "Summary": "Feminist playwrite Suzanne Spunner's works include: Not still lives; Edna for the garden; Running up a dress; Dragged Screaming to Paradise; Overcome by Chlorine; Radio for Help and The Ingkata's Wife.\nA founding member of the Home Cooking Theatre Company, in 1987 Spunner moved with her family to Darwin and established Paradise Productions. A board member of The Australian National Playwrights Centre, in Sydney, and 24 HR ART: the Northern Territory Centre for Contemporary Art, she has been the recipient of Fellowships from the Literature Board of The Australian Council in 1988, 1991 and 1994. Both Dragged Screaming to Paradise and The Ingkata's Wife were highly commended by The Jessie Litchfield Award for Northern Territory Literature.\n", "Events": "Co-ordinator of the feminist journal Lip (1977 - 1978) \nCo-ordinator of the International Women's Film Festival in Melbourne (1975 - 1975) \nConducted a weekly radio programme on theatre for 3RRR FM (1979 - 1979) \nFilm and theatre reviews, articles and interviews in journals and magazines (1978 - 1980) \nGraduated BA Hons from the University of Melbourne (1972 - 1972) \nGraduated Dip Ed from the University of Melbourne (1973 - 1973) \nLecturer in Australian studies and theatre for the School of Drama at the Victorian College of the Arts (1980 - 1980) \nMarried Ian Gray (later Chief Magistrate of Victoria), they have 2 children (1979 - 1979) \nOne of 12 playwrights chosen to represent Australia at the 3rd International Women Playwrights' Conference in Adelaide (1994 - 1994) \nRecipient of a Fellowship from The Literature Board of The Australia Council (1988 - 1988) \nRecipient of a Fellowship from The Literature Board of The Australia Council (1991 - 1991) \nRecipient of a Fellowship from The Literature Board of The Australia Council (1994 - 1994) \nReviewer of the Melbourne Times (1976 - 1978) \nReviewer of the Melbourne Times (1981 - 1981) \nSeconded to Open Universiity in the United Kingdom (1978 - 1978) \nSenior tutor at Deakin University (1977 - 1979) \nVictorian editor of Theatre Australia (1979 - 1979) \nWith family moved to Darwin (1987 - 1987)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/running-up-a-dress-a-mother-daughter-dialogue\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dragged-screaming-to-paradise\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-still-lives-a-play-and-an-exhibition-about-margaret-preston-and-thea-proctor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tea-and-pictures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-for-the-garden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/safe-n-sound-the-driver-as-mother\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-drama-texts-and-feminisms\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/suzanne-spunner-manuscript-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dragged-screaming-to-paradise-by-suzanne-spunner\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Vick, Lesley Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE0101", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vick-lesley-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Editor, Researcher, Writer", "Summary": "Lesley Vick specialises in medico-legal ethics. Using her research and policy development skills she is actively involved in the legal aspects of equality for women, reproductive health, human rights and free-thinking philosophy. She was the senior adviser to the Leader of the Australian Democrats 1985-1992 and Chief of Staff in the Leaders office from 1986.\nLesley Vick was educated at Mentone Girls Grammar; the University of Melbourne (Bachelor of Laws); and La Trobe University (Master of Arts).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/summary-of-program-on-the-rights-of-women-to-abortion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lesley-vick\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lowenstein, Wendy Katherin", "Entry ID": "AWE0103", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lowenstein-wendy-katherin\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Wendy Lowenstein wrote a number of the most celebrated oral histories in Australia, focusing on the lives and struggles of working class people. She is also one of Australia's best known historians of folklore. A member of many activist organisations since the age of fifteen, Wendy contributed to both social justice and aspects of Australian history which had, until she tackled them, been largely ignored.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-wendy-lowenstein-1918-2003-bulk-1953-2000-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-wendy-lowenstein-writer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "D'Aprano, Zelda Fay", "Entry ID": "AWE0107", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda-fay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Dental nurse, Feminist, Trade unionist, Writer", "Summary": "Zelda D'Aprano was an active unionist and an activist in the women's movement. She chained herself across the doors of the Commonwealth Building and later the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission in Melbourne, Victoria in protest against the inadequacy of the decision on the Equal Pay case in 1969. D'Aprano was one of the initiators of the Women's Action Committee in 1970, and the Women's Liberation Movement in Melbourne in 1971. She was a member of the Australian Women's Party and was a member of the Communist Party of Australia from 1950-1971.\n", "Details": "Doctor of Laws honoris causa, Macquarie University, 2000. Left school aged 14. Married at 16. Resumed study aged 37, and completed the Leaving Certificate in 1963. Worked as a machinist in the clothing trade. Qualified as a dental nurse in 1961 and worked in this capacity at Larundel Psychiatric Hospital for 15 years. Qualified in Chiropody in 1967. Employed as a clerk in the Meat Industry Union, and as a mail sorter at the General Post Office. D'Aprano was involved in campaigns around Equal Pay for women, the gender-bar at public bars, the Miss Teenage Quest, entitlements of pregnant workers and women's participation in left-wing and workers' movements. D'Aprano was also involved in establishing the Women's Liberation Centre in Little Latrobe St, Melbourne, and was a representative of the Women's Liberation Movement on the International Women's Year committee, 1975. She self-published an autobiography, 'Zelda: the Becoming of a Woman' in 1977; republished by Spinifex Press as 'Zelda' in 1995; Spinifex also published D'Aprano's 'Kath Williams - The Unions and the Fight for Equal Pay,' in 2001. D'Aprano has spoken in numerous forums around Melbourne, as well as on radio and at conferences and has written many articles for magazines, particularly the Women's Liberation Newsletter. In 1995 she received a Special Mention Award from the Centre for Australian Cultural Studies (Canberra) for 'An Outstanding Contribution to Australian Culture'.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zelda-daprano\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zelda\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zelda-the-becoming-of-a-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/human-sexuality\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kath-williams-the-unions-and-the-fight-for-equal-pay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thirty-years-on-how-much-has-really-changed\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-katherine-mary-isabel-1895-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1971-1987-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1912-1980-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/demonstration-outside-fairlea-womens-prison-melbourne-ca-1970-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1972-2001-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Oldmeadow, Joyce", "Entry ID": "AWE0109", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oldmeadow-joyce\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Bookseller", "Summary": "In the late 1950s Oldmeadow, with her husband Courtney, founded Oldmeadow Booksellers. In 1974, they opened Dromkeen, which has become an internationally recognised children's literature museum.\n", "Details": "Born: 22 August 1921. Died: 4 August 2001.\nOldmeadow trained as a kindergarten teacher before founding Oldmeadows Booksellers with her husband Court in the late 1950s. They promoted children's authors and successfully conducted a series of meet-the-author sessions.\nIn 1973, the Oldmeadows purchased a large 19th century farmhouse near Riddells Creek, Victoria, Dromkeen Homestead. They began a collection of original children's book illustrations, manuscripts and early Australian children's books.\nThe Oldmeadows were jointly awarded Britain's Eleanor Farjeon Award for their services to children's literature in 1976.\nIn 1982, Oldmeadow inaugurated the Dromkeen Medal, which is awarded annually to individuals for outstanding achievements in the field of children's literature. She was awarded the Nan Chauncy Award in 1988, by the Children's Book Council of Australia, as well as the Order of Australia Medal in 1989, for her services to children's literature.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joyce-oldmeadow-oam\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caring-custodian-of-childrens-imaginations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-joyce-oldmeadow-bookcollector-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-joyce-oldmeadow-sound-recording-interviewed-by-bill-bunbury\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wells, Lilian C", "Entry ID": "AWE0112", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wells-lilian-c\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Moonee Ponds, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Moderator", "Summary": "Lillian Wells was the first moderator of the New South Wales synod of the Uniting Church (1977) . On 31 December 1977 she was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (civil) for services to the church.\n", "Details": "In 1934, Wells obtained her MA (Hons) from the University of Tasmania and then completed her Diploma of Education, while teaching French and German at Methodists Ladies' College in Kew, Victoria.\nIn 1938, she married Henry Wells, a minister of the Congregational Church. As well as raising three daughters, Wells worked in various positions with the local congregations, wherever her husband was appointed.\nPositions held include: President, Congregational Union of NSW 1975-1977, President, NSW Congregational Women's Fellowship; President Congregational Women's Fellowship of Australia; Secretary, SA Congregational Union; Member, Australian Council of Churches; Associated with Pan Pacific and South-East Asian Women's Association.\nA Uniting Church Nursing Home at Parramatta is named after her.\nSources: obit by Geoffrey Barnes; http:\/\/assembly.uca.org.au\/update\/June.htm (accessed 30\/8\/01- link no longer active)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-lilian-wells-president-of-the-congregational-union-of-nsw-1975-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Armstrong, Pauline", "Entry ID": "AWE0115", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/armstrong-pauline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Author, Historian, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Dr Pauline Armstrong was a long time activist and her later work as a researcher and historian resulted in the publication of her historical and biographical book Frank Hardy and the making of Power without Glory (2000). She was passionately involved in the Save Our Sons movement during the Vietnam War.\n", "Details": "Born in 1928, Pauline Armstrong came from a politically active family. Her grandmother and mother protested against Billy Hughes' attempts to introduce conscription during World War I and were disenchanted Labor Party members, later joining the Communist Party. Armstrong herself was introduced to the Eureka Youth League of the Communist Party by her uncle, Paul Mortier. She joined the Communist Party in 1947 and worked as a legal secretary from 1949 for lawyer Cedric Ralph, who represented the Communist Party at the royal commission into its activities in 1949-50. In other arenas she was active in campaigns for improved local services, and passionately involved in the Save Our Sons movement during the Vietnam War. Armstrong's son, Karl, was jailed twice during the Vietnam War for refusing to register for the draft.\nAt the age of fifty-six she entered university as a mature age student. She gained a Bachelor of Arts (Deakin University) - Literature, Philosophy, Professional writing; a Master of Arts (Monash University) - Australian Studies; and a Doctor of Philosophy (University of Melbourne). She was a member of the Fellowship of Australian writers and the Australian Society of Authors.\nThe publication in 2000 of Armstrong's book Frank Hardy and the making of Power without Glory was a major achievement and the culmination of 8 years of research. Armstrong also wrote feature articles for newspapers, short stories and made journal contributions. She collaborated with Rebecca Maclean on content for Maclean's documentary S.O.S. Movement, which was informed by Armstrong's MA thesis on the history of the Save Our Sons movement.\nFrom her youth, Armstrong was involved in political activities, school and library formation committees, folklore and folk music promotion. In the 1940s she assisted on committees to remove restrictions on Sunday sport and promote daytime training for apprentices, and equal pay. Armstrong was also a trade union, Communist Party and Eureka Youth League activist.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-critical-biography-of-frank-hardy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frank-hardy-and-the-making-of-power-without-glory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-save-our-sons-movement-of-victoria-1965-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-formation-of-municipal-libraries\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-pauline-armstrong-1990-2002-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/armstrong-pauline-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-and-jack-blake-further-papers-1937-2004\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adam-Smith, Patricia Jean (Patsy)", "Entry ID": "AWE0120", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adam-smith-patricia-jean-patsy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nowingi, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Historian, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Patsy Adam-Smith introduced many readers to Australian history. Of her many publications three in particular stand out: The Anzacs (1978), Australian Women at War (1984) and Prisoners of War (1992).\nOn Australia Day 1994 Patricia Adam-Smith was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for service to community history, particularly through the preservation of national traditions and folklore and the recording of oral histories. She also received an Order of the British Empire - Officer (Civil) (OBE) in the Queens Birthday Honours list on 14 June 1980 for her services to literature.\n", "Details": "The daughter of railway workers, Patsy Adam-Smith was raised in a number of small Victorian country towns. She enlisted as a Voluntary Aid Detachment during the Second World War and was the first female to be articled as a radio officer when she worked on an Australian merchant ship from 1954-1960. In Hobart from 1960-1967 she was employed as an Adult Education Officer before taking the position of manuscripts field officer for the State Library of Victoria from 1970-1982.\nIn 1978 her book The Anzacs shared The Age Book of the Year Award and was made into a 13 part TV series. In 1980 she was the recipient of an OBE for services to literature. Prisoners of War won the 1993 triennial Order of Australian Association Book Prize. In 1994 Adam-Smith was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for her outstanding services to community history.\nHer autobiography was published in two parts - Hear The Train Blow and Good-bye Girlie. For Good-bye Girlie Adam-Smith won the 1995 Benalla Award for Audio Book of the Year, and the 1995 TDK Australian Audio Book Awards, Unabridged Non-Fiction Category.\n", "Events": "Adult Education Officer in Hobart (1960 - 1967) \nAppointed Officer of the British Empire (1980 - 1980) \nAwarded an Officer of the Order of Australia (1994 - 1994) \nCommittee Member of the Museum of Victoria (1983 - 2001) \nFederal President of the Fellows Australian Writers, Victoria (1973 - 1973) \nManuscript Field Officer for the State Library of Victoria (1970 - 1982) \nMember of the Board of Directors for the Royal Humane Society Australasia (1976 - 2001) \nRadio operator on an Australian merchant ship (1954 - 1960) \nReceived Triennial Award from the OBE Association (1993 - 1993) \nServed with the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (1943 - 1944) \nState President of Australian Writers, Victoria (1973 - 1973)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patricia-jean-patsy-adam-smith-ao-obe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anzac-legends-great-storyteller-dies-at-77\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/penguin-books-author-profile-patsy-adam-smith\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patsy-adam-smith-ao-obe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adam-smith-patsy-1926\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/folklore-of-the-australian-railwaymen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hobart-sketchbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-tribesman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/romance-of-australian-railways\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-desert-railway\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/neon-signs-to-the-mutes-poetry-by-young-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/footloose-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/historic-tasmania-sketchbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trader-to-the-islanders-there-was-a-ship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anzacs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/islands-of-bass-strait\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-and-edwardian-melbourne-from-old-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/outback-heroes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-shearers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/when-we-rode-the-rails\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heart-of-exile-ireland-1848-and-the-seven-patriots-banished\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-beyond-the-dreamtime\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prisoners-of-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trains-of-australia-all-aboard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goodbye-girlie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patsy-adam-smiths-romance-of-australian-railways\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moonbird-people\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hear-the-train-blow-an-australian-childhood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/across-australia-by-indian-pacific\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/port-arthur-sketchbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/re-discovering-tasmania-the-north-west-coast\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/there-was-a-ship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-barcoo-salute\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tasmania-sketchbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/launceston-sketchbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tiger-country\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-rails-go-westward\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anzacs-author-led-us-through-our-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-writers-a-bibliographic-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beckett-patricia-jean\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/storyteller-brought-anzac-legend-alive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leading-tasmanian-literary-figure-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weaver-of-dreams-teller-of-our-tales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patsy-adam-smith-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beckett-patricia-jean-nee-smith-vfx124737-6-pages\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-patsy-adam-smith-when-the-war-came-to-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christmas-letters-1974-1995-manuscript-patsy-adam-smith\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-patsy-adam-smith-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-patsy-adam-smith-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1993-1994-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/literary-papers-1969-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-patsy-adam-smith-not-after-2000-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sinn, Myra Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE0122", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sinn-myra-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Fashion Designer", "Summary": "During the 1970's Sinn was employed as a designer with Prue Acton. Upon her return from London she started her own business called Hedgehog.\n", "Details": "Born: 22 Jan 1949. Died: 19 Aug 2001.\nDuring the 1970s Sinn work as a designer with Prue Acton, before travelling overseas. Upon her return from London she commenced a business called Hedgehog, where she produced intricate jumpers on knitting machines.\nSinn donated the denim dress she designed for her first wedding to the National Gallery of Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Delahunty, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0123", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/delahunty-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Mary Delahunty won the seat of Northcote (Legislative Assembly) for the Australian Labor Party, in a by-election in August 1998. She held the ministerial portfolios of Education, the Centenary of Federation, Planning, Arts and Women's Affairs. Before entering politics, she was Managing Director of her own media consultancy company, also a former ABC journalist and long time member of the Journalist's Union. She retired from politics at the state election in November 2006.\n", "Details": "Born: 7 June 1951.\nDelahunty received a BA (Hons) in Political Science from La Trobe University, before commencing a career in television news, current affairs and the arts. She reported nationally and internationally for the ABC and commercial television stations, producing numerous documentaries and anchoring live broadcasts.\nDelahunty is known for presenting ABC TV news (Melb.) and current affairs programs, the 7.30 Report and Four Corners. She also hosted the ABC's national arts program, Sunday Afternoon.\nIn 1983, Delahunty was awarded the Gold Walkley for journalism, for the story 'Aiding and Abetting' an investigation of the use and misuse of Australian aid moneys. She has been a four times recipient of the Deafness Society Clear Speaking Award.\nShe was one of the early Foundation members of Emily's List and the first Labor woman candidate to be supported by Emily's List in Victoria and then win. Also she was the Victorian convenor and foundation member of the Australian Republic Movement and elected delegate to the People's Convention on the Republic (held Canberra 2000), as well as being a former Director and long time supporter of the Victorian Women's Trust.\nDelahunty is a Governor of the Dromkeen Children's Literature Collection and Patron of P.A.L.S. (partnership and linking for the seriously mentally ill).\nMarried to Jock Rankin (passed away 2002) with two children, she enjoys reading, theatre, dance and riding.\n", "Events": "Best Television Current Affairs Report - with Alan Hall (1983 - 1983) \nGold Award (with Alan Hall) - Best Piece of Journalism - Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1983 - 1983)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-delahunty-member-for-northcote\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-delahunty-member-for-northcote-minister-for-education-arts-and-the-centenary-of-federation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/media-entertainment-and-arts-alliance-australia-records-of-the-w-g-walkley-awards-1956-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Garbutt, Sherryl", "Entry ID": "AWE0125", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garbutt-sherryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Essendon, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Sherryl Garbutt was elected to the seat of Greensborough in 1989 at a by-election following the death of Pauline Toner; the seat of Greensborough was abolished in the 1990 redistribution. She was the Member (ALP) of Parliament for the Bundoora electorate from 1992-2006 and held the portfolios of Environment and Conservation and Women's Affairs from 1999-2002 and Community Services from 2002-06. She did not contest the 2006 election.\n", "Details": "Sherryl Garbutt completed her BA and DipEd at the University of Melbourne and her B.Ed. at La Trobe University. She worked as a secondary school teacher (1970 -1976) before she went to work as an Electorate Officer to the Hon. Pauline Toner, Member for Greensborough, in 1982. She was elected to the seat of Greensborough in 1989 at a by-election following the death of Pauline Toner.\nAfter winning the Greensborough by-election, Garbutt became a member of the Education Caucus Committee and the Conservation and Environment Caucus Committee from 1989-92. She was also a member of the Natural Resources & Environment Parliamentary Committee (1991-1992) and the Community Development Committee (1992-1996).\nIn 1992 Garbutt became the Shadow Minister for Community Services and a year later the Shadow Minister for Women's Affairs. She held both these positions until 1996 when she was made Shadow Minister for Environment, Conservation & Land Management and Shadow Minister for Water Resources from 1996-1999.\nThe mother of two adult children, her interests include bushwalking, camping and travel.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2016 - 2016)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minister-for-womens-affairs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sherryl-garbutt-mp-member-for-bundoora\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kosky, Lynne", "Entry ID": "AWE0133", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kosky-lynne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Mayor, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Lynne Kosky was elected Member (ALP) for Altona in 1996. On the election of the Labor Government at the 1999 Victorian state election, she held the portfolios of Finance, and later Post Compulsory Education, Training and Employment. After her re-election at the 2002 state election, she was appointed the Minister for Education and Training. She was re-elected at the 2006 state election and held the portfolios of Public Transport and Minister for the Arts. In January 2010 she resigned from the parliament, citing serious family health problems as the reason for her resignation. She died at Williamstown on 4 December 2014.\n", "Details": "In 1980, Kosky graduated from Melbourne University with a Bachelor of Social Work. In 1981 she commenced work for the Victorian Education Department as a Social worker and from 1982 to 1986 was a Community Education Officer. In 1987 Kosky became a Policy Adviser for the Department of Youth Affairs and from 1989 to 1990 was Community Liaison Officer for the Melbourne Olympic Committee.\nKosky worked as a Ministerial Adviser for Community Services Victoria from 1990 to 1992, as well as being a Member for the Coode Island Review Panel from 1991 to 1992. In 1993 she was Executive Officer for Westgate Community Initiatives Group. From 1994 to 1996 she was a member of the Immigration Review Tribunal and in 1995 was also a Lecturer in Public Administration at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. During her time as the ALP member for Altona in 1996, Kosky served on the Federal-State Relations All Party Parliamentary Committee (1996-1999), Member of the Cabinet Expenditure Review Committee, Chair of the Future Jobs and Skills Cabinet Sub-Committee, Joint Ministerial Co-ordinator of the Growing Victoria Together Summit and Deputy Chair of the Information and Communication Technologies Skills Taskforce.\nKosky was Shadow Minister for Employment, Tertiary Education and Training and Youth Affairs in 1999.\nFrom 1986 to 1990, Kosky was a Councillor for Footscray City Council, and served a year as Mayor in 1988.\nMarried to Jim, they had two children, Hana and Jack. Kosky's interests included: gardening, painting, family and keeping fit.\nSources: http:\/\/www.vic.alp.org.au\/people\/altona.html accessed 10\/10\/01;\nhttp:\/\/home.victorianlabor.org\/lkosky accessed 10\/10\/01\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2015 - 2015)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lynne-kosky-member-for-altona\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lynne-kosky-mp-melbourne-for-altona-parliament-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Onians, Edith Charlotte", "Entry ID": "AWE0160", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/onians-edith-charlotte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lancefield, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "Edith Onians was a full-time volunteer (organiser and honorary secretary) from 1897 until her death in 1955 of the Melbourne Newsboys Society. She was the first woman Special Magistrate appointed to Children's Court Melbourne in 1927, and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 2 January 1933 for services to child welfare in Victoria.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Richard and Charlotte (n\u00e9e Smith) Onians, Edith Onians attended Fontainebleau Ladies College, St Kilda, as a boarder, and then taught Sunday school. In 1897, Onians became interested in the work of the Newsboys Try Society - an organisation devoted to the wellbeing of homeless children. The name came from the founder, Mark Forster's, belief that \"if a boy continued to try, he could succeed in whatever he attempted.\" Many of the boys became newspaper sellers.\nOnians offered her services in an honorary capacity, and before going on a trip to England in 1900, she took over the teaching and generally helped with the work amongst the boys. By 1903 Onians was Honorary Secretary of the new organisation the City Newsboys' Society.\nThe Melbourne Newsboys Club Foundation history states that:\nIt was also in 1923 that a young man named Norman Craig joined Miss Onians in her work. Between them they built up an extensive network of welfare services, including family counselling, extension of education, instruction in technical skills - then not available elsewhere - free medical and dental services, camping at their property at Millgrove, advice on dealing with newsagents, their legal rights and requirements, free meals and clothing, extra food for needy brothers and sisters.\nBoth Miss Onians and Mr. Craig were very active in pushing through legislation aimed at the care and protection of working children in Victoria and were members of the Street Traders Board, which met at the Club headquarters.\nThe Street Trading Act was passed in 1926, and in 1927 Onians was appointed justice of the peace. She was also vice-president of the Victorian Council for Mental Hygiene and of the Vocational Guidance Centre.\n", "Events": "First woman member of Street Trading Board (1926 - 1926) \nFirst woman Special Magistrate appointed to Children's Court Melbourne (1927 - 1927) \nHonourary Organiser and Honourary Secretary Melbourne Newsboys' Society (1897 - 1897)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-men-of-to-morrow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/keeping-them-off-the-streets-youth-organisations-as-instruments-of-hegemony-in-victoria-1850-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-herald-cry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-melbourne-newsboys-club-foundation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/onians-edith-charlotte-1866-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1897-1976-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davis, Mervyn Twynam", "Entry ID": "AWE0182", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davis-mervyn-twynam\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Landscape architect, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Mervyn Davis commenced A Catalogue of Botanical Collectors and Delineators in 1955. She was elected first individual member and delegate for Australia to the International Federation of Landscape Architects in 1959, a position she held for ten years. Davis was the first woman elected a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Parks and Recreation in 1964, and in 1969 she was elected as the first Fellow of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects.\nOn 14 June 1980, Mervyn Davis was appointed a Member of the British Empire for her work in the public service.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Frank Dawson and Ida (n\u00e9e Bell) Davis, Mervyn Davis served with the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force during World War II. Following the war she commenced a Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme (CRTS) course at Burnley Horticultural College, Victoria. Davis graduated dux of the course in 1946. She was appointed technical assistant in the herbarium at the Melbourne and then the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. During 1956 to 1957, Davis studied under Brian Hackett at Durham University England, and gained a Postgraduate Diploma in Landscape Design. In 1957 she was awarded the first Fellowship of the International Agricultural Study Centre, Wageningen University, Netherlands, in Landscape Design and Allied subjects.\nDavis was employed as a landscape architect with Buchan, Laird and Buchan Architects and Engineers, Melbourne, from 1959 to 1961. She initiated moves to establish the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects. In 1969 she became the body's first fellow and in 1980 she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). Davis worked as a private consultant before being employed as a landscape architect with the Commonwealth Department of Housing and Construction in 1963. Her work included landscape developments at the airports of Perth, Launceston, Canberra, Melbourne and Hobart. She retired from the department in 1980.\nIn her retirement Davis continued working with Dr Jim Willis and Daphne Pearson on the catalogue of Australian Botanists and others who have contributed to the Collections and recording of plants in Australia.\n", "Events": "Australian Delegate to the International Federation of Landscape Architects (1959 - 1969) \nFirst Fellow of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (1969 - 1969) \nFirst Fellow of the International Agricultural Study Centre Wageningen University Netherlands in Landscape Design and allied subjects (1957 - 1957) \nFirst woman Fellow of the Australian Institute of Parks and Recreation (1964 - 1964) \nFull-time employee of the Commonwealth Department, Central Office, Melbourne (1963 - 1980) \nInitiated moves to establish Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (1960 - 1960) \nPost Graduate Diploma in Landscape Design, Durham University, England (1956 - 1957) \nTechnical Assistant at the Royal Melbourne Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium Victoria (1951 - 1956) \nWar Service with the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (1942 - 1945)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-guide-and-analysis-of-englers-das-pflanzenreich\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/port-davey-south-west-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/landscape-architect-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-mervyn-davis-m-b-e-hon-fellow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scope-for-landscaping\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/westcoast-floral-specimens-for-melbourne-herbarium\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davis-mervyn-twynam-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mervyn-davis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1962-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davis-mervyn-twynam-service-number-92177-date-of-birth-22-nov-1916-place-of-birth-st-kilda-vic-place-of-enlistment-hobart-next-of-kin-davis-frank\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mervyn-davis-landscape-architect-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Abraham, Vivienne", "Entry ID": "AWE0183", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abraham-vivienne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Vivienne Abraham was active in the Australian peace movement for several decades. She was Honorary Secretary of the Peace Pledge Union (1946-52), acting editor and editor of the 'Peacemaker' and Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1982-89).\n", "Details": "Vivienne Abraham graduated in Law at the University of Melbourne, having studied from 1937 until 1966. With her sister Shirley, born 28 February 1922, Abraham was active in a number of peace, pacifist and conscientious objector support groups from the 1940s to 1989. She was active in the Melbourne Jewish Youth Council during World War II, and Honorary Secretary of the Australian Peace Pledge Union (in Victoria) from 1946-1952. She served as Honorary Secretary to the acting editor of the Federal Pacifist Council of Australia journal The Peacemaker from 1947-1949, before becoming editor from 1953-1955.\nShe moved to Sydney in 1955, and lived in Israel and Lebanon in 1961-62. With friend and fellow pacifist G. A. Bishop, Abraham represented the Federal Pacifist Council of Australia at a conference in Lebanon during this time.\nFrom 1964 Abraham again edited The Peacemaker, this time jointly with her sister Shirley until 1968, and alone form 1969 until the final issue of the journal in 1971.\nFrom 1982-1989 Abraham was Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Australian Section).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-vivienne-abraham\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/exploring-the-vivienne-abraham-collection-resources-issues-responsibilities\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vivienne-abraham-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-vivienne-abraham-1938-1989-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Vroland, Anna Fellowes", "Entry ID": "AWE0186", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vroland-anna-fellowes\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ascot Vale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Box Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Campaigner", "Summary": "Anna Vroland was an activist and writer who campaigned for Aboriginal rights in the 1940s and 1950s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/their-music-has-roots\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-attitude-of-respect-anna-vroland-and-aboriginal-rights-1947-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-anna-vroland-1947-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-1915-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stone, Sharman Nancy", "Entry ID": "AWE0202", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stone-sharman-nancy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pyramid Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Sharman Stone was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament representing the electorate of Murray, Victoria in 1996. She was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage on 21 October 1998 and served in that capacity until October 2004, when she became Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance and Administration. She also served as Vice-President of the Executive Council. She was Minister for Workforce Participation from January 2006 until December 2007. She was re-elected in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013 and retired at the 2016 Federal election.\n", "Details": "Sharman Stone completed a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) from Monash University, a Master of Arts from La Trobe University, a Graduate Diploma of Education from Hawthorn CAE and a PhD from Monash.\nBefore her election to Federal Parliament, she worked as a Doctoral Research Fellow at Monash University's Department of Economics and Business. She has been a member of the House of Representatives Standing Committees on Primary Industries, Resources and Rural and Regional Affairs (from 25 May 1996); and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs (from 4 June 1997). Stone was a member of the Public Accounts Joint Statutory Committee from 29 May 1996 to 1 January 1998 and the Public Accounts and Audit from 1 January 1998.\nShe was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2024 for significant service to the people and Parliament of Australia, and to the community through executive positions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hon-dr-sharman-stone-mp-member-for-murray-vic\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Troeth, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE0203", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/troeth-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Judith Troeth was elected as a Senator for Victoria in the Parliament of Australia in 1993. She was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy from October 1997 until October 1998, when she moved to become Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. She held that position until October 2004. She retired at the 2010 federal election, but remained in the Senate until her term expired on 30 June 2011.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Keith Malcolm and Eileen Mary Ralston, Judith Troeth was educated at Methodist Ladies College, Kew. She completed a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma of Education at Melbourne University.\nBefore entering Parliament she worked as a teacher as well as being an active partner in the family farm. She was Parliamentary Secretary to the Shadow Minister for Employment, Training and Family Services from 26 May 1994 to 11 March 1996; Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy from 9 October 1997 to 21 October 1998 as well as being a member of various parliamentary committees.\nSenator Judith Troeth has five children and enjoys films, theatre, reading and bushwalking.\n", "Events": "Chair of the Federal Liberal Regional and Rural Committee (1996 - 2002) \nChair of the Senate Standing Committee for Scrutiny of Bills (1994 - 1996) \nChair of the State Strategy Committee (Vic) (1991 - 1992) \nChairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation committee (1996 - 1997) \nCountry Vice-President of the Liberal Pary (Vic.) (1989 - 1992) \nFederal Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (1998 - 1998) \nFederal Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy (1997 - 1998) \nFederal Parltiamentary Secretary to Shadow Minister for Employment, Training and Family Services (1994 - 1996) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012) \nLiberal Party Branch President (1982 - 1991) \nMember of the Joint Standing: Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the Joint Standing: Migration Committee (1996 - 1997) \nMember of the Joint Statutory: National Crime Authority (1993 - 1996) \nMember of the Liberal Party Administrative Committee (Vic.) (1988 - 1992) \nMember of the Liberal Party Policy Assembly and State Rural Committees (1985 - 1992) \nMember of the Parliamentary Delegation to the United States of America and Canada (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Senate Estimates: A Committee (1993 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Estimates: E Committee (1994 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Community Affairs (1993 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Community Affairs: References Committee (1994 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Employment, Education and Training: Legislation Committee (1994 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Employment, Education and Training: References Committee (1994 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade: References Committee (1996 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Rural and Regional Affairs (1993 - 1993) \nMember of the Senate Select: Community Standards Relevant to the Supply of Services Utilising Electronic Technologies (1996 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Select: Land Fund Bill Committee (1994 - 1995) \nMember of the Senate Select: Victorian Casino Inquiry (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Senate Select:Certain Land Fund Matters (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Senate Standing Committee for Scrutiny of Bills (1993 - 1996) \nOfficial visit to Singapore, Taiwan, Japan and Korea (1999 - 1999) \nParticipating member, Community Affairs: Legislation Committee (1994 - 1996) \nParticipating member, Economics: References Committee (1996 - 1996) \nParticipating member, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade: Legislation Committee (1994 - 1996) \nParticipating member, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade: References Committee (1996 - 1996) \nRural and Regional Affairs and Transport: References Committee (1994 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hon-judith-troeth-senator-for-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/senator-hon-judith-troeth-parliamentary-secretary-to-the-minister-for-agriculture-fisheries-and-forestry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jennings, Vera", "Entry ID": "AWE0211", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennings-vera\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Aireys Inlet, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Lecturer", "Summary": "Vera Jennings was among the first group of 58 students to graduate in the Arts Honours course at the University of Melbourne in 1920-21. She was the only daughter of Ethel, n\u00e9e Crowther and James Davies Jennings (-1951).\nJennings then joined the English Department as a tutor (1927-) before becoming an Acting Lecturer ( -1938, March 1942- ), a Lecturer (1947-) and finally a Senior Lecturer (1951-). She retired on 28 February 1965.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennings-vera-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Goldstein, Vida", "Entry ID": "AWE0218", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goldstein-vida\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Portland, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Suffragist", "Summary": "Vida Goldstein ran for the Australian Senate in 1903. Though she was not elected, she was the first woman to be nominated for the Australian Parliament.\n", "Details": "One of five children, Vida Goldstein was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College in Melbourne. As a young woman, she worked with her mother in the anti-sweating movement and developed an anti-capitalist perspective. Later, she became involved in the suffrage movement. She was a paid organiser for the United Council for Women's Suffrage, and she founded the Women's Political Association. From 1900 to 1905 she produced and edited a monthly feminist journal, Woman's Sphere. When the International Women's Suffrage Alliance was formed, Goldstein was elected as corresponding secretary. She helped to found the National Council of Women, and was the Delegate from Australia and New Zealand to the International Woman Suffrage Conference in Washington D.C. in 1902.\nVida Goldstein was nominated by the Women's Federal Political Association as a candidate for the Senate in 1903. She became the subject of heated controversy, stating her policies in feminist terms. Goldstein polled 51,497 votes but was not elected. A further four attempts before 1917 were also unsuccessful. After the award of state suffrage in 1908, Goldstein launched a new journal, Woman Voter. In 1915, she founded the Women's Peace Army alongside Cecilia John, Adela Pankhurst and Jennie Baines.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/that-dangerous-and-persuasive-woman-vida-goldstein\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-slide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-suffragettes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonial-eve-sources-on-women-in-australia-1788-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goldstein-vida-1869-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-and-the-struggle-for-womens-rights\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-life-and-work-of-miss-vida-goldstein\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recommendations-in-favour-of-voluntary-methods-of-dealing-with-venereal-diseases-as-agreed-upon-by-the-womens-political-association-and-the-womens-convention\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-of-an-informal-conference-with-mrs-may-wright-sewell-president-of-the-international-council-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-changemakers-ten-significant-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-electoral-divisions-named-after-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nation-builders-great-lives-and-stories-from-st-kilda-general-cemetery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radical-melbourne-a-secret-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lady-politician-vida-goldsteins-first-senate-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-white-womans-suffrage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modernity-and-mother-heartedness-spirituality-and-religious-meaning-in-australian-womens-suffrage-and-citizenship-movements-1890s-1920s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-and-the-english-militant-campaign-of-the-womens-social-and-political-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-of-komein-pine-grove-malvern\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goldstein-vida-jane-mary-1869-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ruby-rich-1943-1948-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-loma-rudduck-1944-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-england-to-henry-hyde-champion-and-elsie-belle-champion-melbourne-1908-1949-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collections-held-by-the-fawcett-library-relating-to-australia-and-new-zealand-microform-m2291-2314-1858-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-newspaper-cuttings-relating-to-her-candidature-for-the-federal-senate-in-1903\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-diaries-and-lectures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-cuttings-book-presented-to-edith-how-martyn-1943-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-chronicle-between-1950-and-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-january-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-leslie-m-henderson-circa-1880-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-1897-1919-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-baron-henry-stafford-northcote-1908-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-vida-goldstein-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scheme-of-proposed-womens-rural-industries-co\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-suffrage-petition-1891\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fawcett-library-collections-held-by-the-fawcett-library-relating-to-australia-and-new-zealand-m2291-2314-1858-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-pamphlets-containing-souvenir-concert-programmes-and-australian-biographies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-biographical-notes-by-her-niece-leslie-m-henderson-1966-january-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blake, Audrey", "Entry ID": "AWE0226", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blake-audrey\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Neutral Bay, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Political activist", "Summary": "Audrey and her husband Jack D. Blake were prominent members the Communist Party of Australia. Both were particularly vocal during the Liberal Party's assault on the CPA and Jack Blake wrote numerous articles and papers on the Cold War. Audrey was the first Secretary of the Eureka Youth League when it was formed during the Second World War.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-proletarian-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recollections-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-audrey-blake\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blake-audrey-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-further-papers-1915-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-papers-1935-1954-1966-mainly-concerning-the-eureka-youth-league-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-and-jack-blake-further-papers-1937-2004\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gorr, Libbi", "Entry ID": "AWE0234", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gorr-libbi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Broadcaster", "Summary": "An Australian media personality, Libbi Gorr invented comic interviewer 'Elle McFeast' on ABC television's Sweaty.\n", "Details": "Libbi Gorr participated in Law Revues while completing an Arts\/Law degree at the University of Melbourne. After graduating she performed with an all-girl cabaret group call the Hot Bagels. Gorr was an articled clerk at Phillips Fox in Melbourne before returning to entertain audiences with her interviews and satirical observations of life and society.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-art-of-happiness\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burke, Janine Carmel Brigitte", "Entry ID": "AWE0235", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burke-janine-carmel-brigitte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art historian, Writer", "Summary": "Janine Burke was a founding member of Lip, an Australian journal devoted to feminism and the performing and visual arts. She curated a number of exhibitions including Australian Women Artists: One Hundred Years, 1840-1940 (1975); Joy Hester (1981); and The Eye of the Beholder: Albert Tucker's Photographs (1998). Burke is the author of several books and has been a board member of the Heide Museum of Modern Art since 1997. She received the Victorian Premier's Award for fiction in 1987.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-artists-one-hundred-years-1840-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-blue-faraway\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/company-of-images\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dear-sun-the-letters-of-joy-hester-and-sunday-reed\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-doll\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-eye-of-the-beholder-albert-tuckers-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/field-of-vision-a-decade-of-change-womens-art-in-the-seventies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/journey-to-bright-water\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joy-hester\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lullaby-a-novel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/second-sight\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speaking-a-novel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-lady-of-apollo-bay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crossin, Patricia Margaret (Trish)", "Entry ID": "AWE0242", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crossin-patricia-margaret-trish\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "The Northern Territory gained their first female representative in Federal Parliament in 1998 when Patricia Crossin was chosen to replace the Hon. R. L. Collins, following his resignation. She was re-elected in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010 but was replaced by Nova Peris as the preselected Labor candidate for the 2013 election. Prior to entering Parliament Crossin worked as Branch Secretary for the National Tertiary Education Union (NT Branch) from 1996 to 1998 after spending six years as the Union's Industrial Officer. Between 1978 and 1989 she worked as a primary school teacher.\nShe was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2023 for significant service to the Parliament of Australia, and to the community of the Northern Territory.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trish-crossin-senator-for-the-northern-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trish-crossin-senator-for-northern-territory-trish-crossin-senator-for-northern-territory-trish-crossin-senator-for-northern-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trish-crossin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blackwood, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE0244", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackwood-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanist, Geneticist, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Margaret Blackwood graduated from the University of Melbourne with a BSc in 1938 and MSc in 1940. During the Second World War she served with the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force and then was granted an ex-service postgraduate scholarship for Cambridge, where she gained a PhD for her work in plant genetics. In 1951 Blackwood returned to Melbourne and was a senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne until 1974. She was then elected a member of the University Council and in 1980 became the first female Deputy Chancellor. She held both these positions until her retirement in 1983. She was appointed as a Member of the British Empire in 1964 for work in botany and was appointed a Dame (Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander) for her services to education in 1980.\n", "Events": "Australian Chairman of the Soroptimist International Association (1957 - 1958) \nBorn daughter of Robert Leslie and Muriel Pearl (n\u00e9e Henry) Blackwood (1909 - 1909) \nCarnegie Scholar for Cambridge University in England (1958 - 1959) \nChairman of the Melbourne University Council and Founder Fellow of the Janet Clarke Hall at the University of Melbourne (1961 - 1974) \nCommanding Officer at No 1 WAAAF Training Depot (1942 - 1942) \nCommissioned WAAAF (1941 - 1941) \nDean of Women, Mildura Branch, Melbourne University (1947 - 1948) \nDemonstrator and Caroline Kay Research Scholarship Plant Cytology and Genetics at the University of Melbourne (1939 - 1941) \nDischarged from Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force with the rank of Wing Officer (1946 - 1946) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nJoined Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) at inception as airwoman (1941 - 1941) \nMember of the Council of the University of Melbourne (1975 - 1986) \nOfficer-in-charge, with rank of Squadran Officer, WAAAF Training (1942 - 1944) \nSenior science mistress at Korowa CEGGS (1934 - 1938) \nSenior science mistress at Lowther Hall CEGGS (1932 - 1933) \nStaff Officer with WAAAF Western Area (1945 - 1945) \nUniversity of Melbourne demonstrator and Howitt Research Student (1938 - 1938)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackwood-dame-margaret-1909-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackwood-margaret-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackwood-margaret-1909-1986-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-and-science-at-the-university-of-melbourne-reflections-on-the-career-of-dame-margaret-blackwood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/another-time-place-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-blackwood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-learned-start-to-discovery-day\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackwood-margaret-dame-1909-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackwood-margaret-dame-1909-1986-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-margaret-blackwood-dbe-mbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-four-original-waaaf-officers-with-the-director-waaaf-group-officer-clare-stevenson-after-a-waaaf-staff-officers-conference-at-air-force-headquarters-victoria-barracks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-outdoors-the-director-waaaf-group-officer-clare-stevenson-and-a-waaaf-wing-officer-conversing-with-waaaf-officers-who-conducted-a-four-day-bivouac\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Watkin, Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0251", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watkin-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beaufort, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Beaufort, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Gardener", "Summary": "Elizabeth Watkin is featured on the front of the Australian Garden History Society brochure. In an article titled 'The Lady in White' by Jo Reid (Watkins's grand-daughter), she is described as an active member of the Red Cross and the local Benevolent Fund as well as being a foundation member of the CWA. 'During the 1950s, she campaigned tirelessly, driving the efforts of a fund-raising committee to establish the Elizabeth Watkin Kindergarten.' Reid states that 'as a young woman, her grandmother indulged in oil painting; subjects were often flowers and fruit. There are screens featuring dahlias, hydrangeas, wallflowers, japonica, holly, wisteria, lilac, foxgloves, grapes and Blue Diamond plums.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lady-in-white\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Loh, Morag", "Entry ID": "AWE0258", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/loh-morag\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Curator, Historian, Lecturer, Writer", "Summary": "Freelance oral historian, scholar, curator of photography and writer of children's stories. In 1995 she won the Young Readers\/Picture Book award from The Family Therapy Associations of Australia for Grandpa and Ah Gong. Her work deals extensively with the immigrant experience, especially that of immigrant women and their children. Loh is a former member of the Advisory Council on Multicultural Affairs\n(Source: Left-Wing Ladies, Suzane Fabian and Morag Loh)\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/left-wing-ladies-the-union-of-australian-women-in-victoria-1950-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rowley, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE0263", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowley-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Art historian, Feminist", "Summary": "Co-editor Debutante Nation: Feminism contests the 1890s with Susan Magarey and Susan Sheridan (1993).\n(Source: Passions of the first wave feminists, Susan Magarey.)\"\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/debutante-nation-feminism-contests-the-1890s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baker, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0270", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Chairperson", "Summary": "Mrs. Baker was Chairman of the Social Sub-Committee, Victoria Committee on the Status of Women.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-jean-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-jean-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beacham, Doris", "Entry ID": "AWE0272", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beacham-doris\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Doris Beacham was born to George and Clara Beacham. George served in the First World War and returned in 1918. Doris had an enduring interest in art and sketching.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beacham-doris-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bethune, Dulcie Evelyn", "Entry ID": "AWE0275", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bethune-dulcie-evelyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Active in Melbourne's outer eastern suburbs, Dulcie Bethune was a member of both the North Ringwood Women's Liberation and North Ringwood Women's Electoral Lobby (which later merged with the Maroondah WEL). She stood as a candidate for the Australia Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Ringwood at the Victorian state election, which was held on 19 May 1973 and was an independent candidate for the Australian Senate at the federal election, which was held in May 1974. She stood again at the 1979 state election for the Australia Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Warrandyte.\n(Source: Historical Note University Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bethune-dulcie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speeches-1972-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bonney, Edith Boroondara", "Entry ID": "AWE0277", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bonney-edith-boroondara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hartwell, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mentone, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Student", "Summary": "Edith Bonney passed her University of Melbourne Matriculation examination in Algebra, Geometry, English, History, Arithmetic, Geography, and Elementary Physics held in November 1889, and received her certificate 29 March 1890.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\nEdith married Stewart Frank Wylie at 'Cleffcote' in Sandringham, Victoria, on 6 February 1907.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bonny-edith-boroondara\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Booth, Ada Phyllis", "Entry ID": "AWE0278", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/booth-ada-phyllis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer, Physicist", "Summary": "Ada Booth graduated B.Sc. in April 1943; and B.A.(Hon) in 1961. She was appointed Laboratory Assistant in 1942; Part-time Demonstrator in Physics 1953; Senior Demonstrator in 1955; Assistant Lecturer in 1961 and Lecturer in 1974. She retired from the Physics School on 31 January 1987.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/booth-ada-phyllis-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/booth-ada-phyllis-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-travel-documents-of-ada-booth\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cahn, Audrey Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE0283", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cahn-audrey-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Parkville, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hughes, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Dietician, Lecturer, Microbiologist, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Audrey Cahn was the first woman to complete the newly established agriculture degree at the University of Melbourne in 1928. Born to parents who were influential scientists themselves, she developed a life long interest in the field of nutritional science and went on to pioneer the academic field of dietetics. Regarded in the 1950s and 60s as a 'soft science' by the then university's head of biochemistry, Victor Trikojus, Cahn fought a long battle for respect, one in which she was eventually supported by major funding bodies such as Nicholas Pty Ltd (Aspro).\nHer research output in the field of nutritional biochemistry is well respected. Some of her studies undertaken during her time at the University of Melbourne (1947-68) included examining the physical properties and energy value of common dietary foods, so that she could compile calorie tables. She was an early proponent of the need to reduce fat intake and to substitute polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fats. With colleagues in the anatomy department, she participated in a 17-year longitudinal study of \"Child Growth in Melbourne (1954-71)\". The study was compared with similar studies in the United States and Britain and found that Australian children were overweight and inactive compared with their peers elsewhere.\nCahn enjoyed a very long life, thanks, she said, to a combination of good luck and good genes.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Professor W A and Ethel Osborne (nee Goodson) Audrey Cahn was born in 1905. Her father came to Melbourne University in 1903 to take up the Chair of Physiology, Biochemistry and Histology. Her mother, who received a BSc and MSc from Leeds University, worked for the Victorian State Government examining the conditions of women in various trades. Her work led her to develop an interest in the sociological aspects of medicine and she undertook further study towards a medical degree at the University of Melbourne. She was instrumental in setting up the first Dietetics School in Victoria, at St Vincent's Hospital.\nAudrey completed her secondary education at Merton Hall Grammar School for Girls (now know as the Church of England Girls' Grammar School) and matriculated in 1922. She then enrolled in an Agriculture Degree at Melbourne University from which she graduated in 1928. The next year she took a position as a Microbiologist and Food Analyst with Kraft. In 1930 Audrey married Leslie Cahn, an architect, and they bore twin daughters. The marriage did not survive.\nAudrey completed a Hospital Certificate of Dietetics at the newly opened Dietetics Unit at St. Vincent's Hospital. Before leaving she rose to the post of Chief Dietician at the hospital. She then took a position at Kraft\/Walker and Cheese Factory in Drouin as a microbiologist. Employment as the first Chief Dietician for the Victorian Mental Hygiene Department followed, before spending a year at the Royal Perth Hospital.\nDuring World War II, Audrey Cahn enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Women's Service on 11 February 1943. As part of the Australian Army Medical Corps she became Chief Dietician at the Heidelberg Military Hospital. Before her discharge on 13 September 1946 Audrey had obtained the rank of Major.\nAfter the war, Audrey obtained a position as Lecturer (1947) and then Senior Lecturer (1959) in Nutrition and Applied Dietetics. Audrey Cahn retired in 1968 after spending 21 years at the university.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cahn-audrey-josephine-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/starched-white-dress-and-the-hissing-of-gaslights-early-cloisters-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-scientist-ahead-of-her-times\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cahn-audrey\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Toner, Pauline", "Entry ID": "AWE0291", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/toner-pauline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Horsham, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Pauline Toner stood as a candidate for the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Council Province of Templestowe at the Victorian state election, which was held on 20 March 1976, but was unsuccessful. She was elected Member of the Legislative Assembly at a by-election for Greensborough in 1977 and served until 1989. While in Parliament she was Minister for Community and Welfare Services (1982-1985) and a former Shadow Minister for Community and Welfare Services and Women's Affairs.\nFollowing her education at the Brigidine Convent Horsham, Toner obtained the subsequent qualifications TPTC, BA (Melb) and BEd (La Trobe). She held positions at the State College of Victoria (1974-1975), and SCV Hawthorn (1975-1977). Toner began the first woman Shire President of the Diamond Valley Council (1977-1978), where she was a Councillor from 1973 to 1979.\nMarried to Brian Toner on 2 January 1962 and the mother of five children (1s 4d) her recreations included: canoeing, bushwalking and chess. Also she was a director of the Victorian State Opera and a member of Amnesty International and the National Trust\n", "Details": "Born: 16 March 1935 Horsham Vic. (daughter: W Hoare). Died: 3 March 1989.\nBorn in 1935, Pauline Toner was a lecturer in Education before entering the Victorian Parliament in 1977. After being Shadow Minister for Community Welfare Services and Women's Affairs, she was Minister for Community Welfare Services between 1982 and 1985.\nHer Ministry was characterised by a shift in emphasis from institutionalisation to community programs in the provision of welfare services and an increased focus on the rights of children. Among her achievements were the groundbreaking Adoption Act of 1984 which allowed all adult adoptees to receive information about their origins, the establishment of Statewide Community Corrections and foster care programs and funding for Neighbourhood houses.\nPauline resigned due to ill health in 1989, only a few days before her untimely death on 3 March.\n(Source: HERstory: Australian Labor Women in Federal, State and Territory Parliaments 1925-1994, Margaret Reynolds)\n(Information available: http:\/\/www.nwmc.org.au\/history2\/biogs\/toner.htm accessed 12\/02\/02)\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centenary-of-the-tailoresses-association-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1988\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Connor, Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE0293", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/connor-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Miss Marjorie Connor was born in Colac, Victoria in 1906 and died in Balwyn on 7 May 1991 aged 84. She was educated by a governess an later attended Lauriston before training as a nurse at the Alfred Hospital 1925-1928. After graduation she worked in the private consulting rooms of a dermatologist who used radium. She sustained some radium burns to the hand. From 1945-1972 she was the Executive Secretary of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing. Both it and its successor the RANF Vic. Branch awarded her Honorary Life Memberships. After her retirement she became the Hon. Secretary\/Treasurer of the Florence Nightingale Committee Vic. Br. until shortly before her death.\n(Source: Historical Note University Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/connor-marjorie-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cookson, Isabel Clifton", "Entry ID": "AWE0294", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cookson-isabel-clifton\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanist", "Summary": "Isabel Clifton Cookson was born in Melbourne in December 1893 and educated at Hambledon Ladies' College and later at the Methodist Ladies' College before entering the University of Melbourne where she graduated B.Sc. in 1916. She tutored at Newman and was appointed as Lecturer in Botany \"including evening\") for 1930 and remained associated with the Department until her death on 1 July 1973, when she was still a Research Associate. She visited Europe for the first time in 1925, and in 1929 studied at the University of Manchester under Professor Lang, a specialist in fossil plants. In 1948 she received a Leverhulme Research Grant and in 1952 attended the 40th session of the Indian Science Congress.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cookson-isabel-clifton-1893-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cookson-isabel-clifton-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coxsedge, Joan Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE0296", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coxsedge-joan-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Political activist", "Summary": "Joan Coxsedge was the first Labor woman to be elected to the Victorian Legislative Council as the Member for Melbourne West Province in July 1979. She served until 1992. While in office she wrote and produced the newsletter, Hard Facts For Hard Times, from her Footscray office, in which she offered a left view of current local, national and international events.\n(Source: Historical Note Melbourne University Archives)\n", "Details": "Joan Coxsedge was born in Ballarat, Victoria, daughter of Roy Selwyn Rochester, clerk and Marjorie Gordon. She was educated at Ormond State School, Gardenvale Central School and MacRobertson Girls' High School. A professional artist, she held four exhibitions of pen and wash drawings of historic buildings and undertook a commission for the Builders' Labourers' Federation drawing Green Bans buildings around Australia in 1975.\nAs a member of the Save Our Sons Movement which opposed conscription for the Vietnam War, she went to gaol in 1971 for anti-conscription activities. She campaigned against Ustashi in 1972 , opposed secret service organisations and was founding Chairman of the Committee for the Abolition of Political Police in 1973.\nA member of the Australian Labor Party from 1967, Coxsedge contested unsuccessfully the Legislative Assembly seat of Balwyn in 1973 and stood for pre-selection in Richmond in 1976 against the Leader of the Opposition, Clyde Holding.\nCoxsedge was elected to the Legislative Council in July 1979 and served until 1992.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coxsedge-joan\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barclay, Lesley Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE0297", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barclay-lesley-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Professor", "Summary": "Barclay is the Professor of Family Health and Director of the Centre for Family Health and Midwifery at the University of Technology Sydney.\nPrior to commencing an academic career Barclay, who is a registered nurse and midwife, worked in a range of midwifery and women's health and community development roles. She also has degrees in social sciences and education plus doctoral research into sexuality and pregnancy.\nIn 1997 The Hon. Dr Michael Wooldridge, the Federal Minister for Health, appointed Barclay to the National Health and Medical Research Council. She was re-appointed for a second three-year term in 2000. Also she is a founding member of the Australian Council for Safety and Quality in Health Care.\n(Source: http:\/\/www.familyhealth.uts.edu.au\/about\/lbarclay.html accessed 18\/02\/02 and http:\/\/www.aut.ac.nz\/conferences\/healthpolicy\/speakers.shtml accessed 18\/02\/02)\n", "Events": "Appointed an Officer of the Order for Australia (AO) 'for service to nursing, particularly in the fields of midwifery and child health in Australia and internationally through participation in development assistance activities. (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/contemporary-australian-women-1996-97\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tipping, Marjorie Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0301", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tipping-marjorie-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art historian, Author, Consultant", "Summary": "Marjorie Tipping was a prolific writer and historian of art and colonial Australia. In 1990, based on her many published scholarly works, she became the first woman to earn the degree of Doctor of Letters by examination from the University of Melbourne. Tipping's books include Eugene von Guerard's Australian Landscapes (1975) Ludwig Becker: Artist & Naturalist with the Burke & Wills Expedition (1978), Melbourne on the Yarra (1978) and Convicts Unbound: The Story of the Calcutta Convicts and Their Settlement in Australia (1988).\nTipping was the first woman president (1972-1975) and fellow (1968) of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. She was a member of the Victorian Council of the Arts and numerous other committees and community organizations, often in a voluntary capacity. Tipping was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (13 June 1981), for her contribution to the Arts.\nTipping was the patron of and one of the founders of the E W Tipping Foundation for Mentally Retarded Children and Adults, established in 1970. Tipping travelled on six continents; her interests included music, theatre, archaeology, Australiana, and Chinese art.\nSource(s): Personal Communication (2002), Who's Who of Australian Women, Who's Who 2002.\n", "Events": "Born: daughter of John Alexandra and Florence Amelia (nee Paterson) McCredie (1917 - 1917) \nContributor to Encyclopedia of Melbourne project Monash University (1999 - 1999) \nContributor to University Melbourne, Oral History Project (1999 - 1999) \nDoctor C H Currey Fellow (1981 - 1981) \nFirst woman Fellow Royal Historical Society Victoria (1968 - 1968) \nFirst woman President of the Royal Historical Society Victoria (1972 - 1975) \nFirst woman to receive Doctor of Letters by examination from the University of Melbourne (1990 - 1990) \nFoundation Chairman Victorian Publications and Literature Committee (1976 - 1984) \nFoundation Member Science and Humanities Committee Museum Victoria (1978 - 1991) \nFounder Affiliated Historical Societies (1963 - 1963) \nGovernment nominee Council of Adult Education Committee (1975 - 1978) \nGovernment nominee Victorian Government Placenames Committee (1975 - 1987) \nHistory Consultant Grundy Television for Convicts Unbound (TV Series) (1992 - 1992) \nmarried Edmond William Tipping (dec. 1970) (1942 - 1942) \nMember Board of Directors Victorian State Opera (1982 - 1990) \nMember Council International Social Service (1965 - 1979) \nMember Foundation Committee La Trobe and Baillieu Libraries (1996 - 1996) \nMember Literature Board awards Australia Council (1973 - 1973) \nMember Literature Board awards Australia Council (1977 - 1977) \nMember Victorian Ministry Arts Advisory Council (1974 - 1981) \nMember Victorian Theatre Policy Committee Victorian Arts Centre (1979 - 1980) \nOrganising Chairman four biennial conferences and the Australiana Festival (1958 - 1958) \nPatron and Foundation Member E W Tipping Foundation for Intellectually Handicapped (1970 - 1970) \nVice-Chairperson, Matthew Flinders Bicentenary Committee (1974 - 1974)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/historian-makes-history-with-doctor-of-letters-degree\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rare-honour-crowns-life-of-scholarship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queens-birthday-honours\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queens-birthday-honours-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1975-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conversation-with-marjorie-tipping-interviewer-hazel-de-berg-1971-oct-10-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-a-book-about-ludwig-becker-ca-1970-ca-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marjorie-tipping-1940-1971-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/essay-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marjorie-tipping-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bourke, Eleanor", "Entry ID": "AWE0305", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bourke-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hamilton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Welfare worker", "Summary": "A descendant of the Wergaia and Wamba Wamba people of western Victoria, Eleanor Bourke, n\u00e9e Anderson, formerly Koumalatsos, married Colin Bourke and had two children: Sia and Kelly. Eleanor and her family moved to Murraydale, near Swan Hill, Victoria in 1945. She attended primary and high school in rural Victoria and was awarded the degrees\nDip Arts Journalism (RMIT), BA Writing (CCAE), and MEdStud (Adelaide).\nEleanor's work includes policy concerning Aboriginal people in both the Victorian and Commonwealth governments and academia. Positions held include: Associate Professor in Indigenous Affairs and the Director of the Aboriginal Research Institute, Faculty of the Aboriginal and Islander Studies, University of South Australia; Professor of Aboriginal and Islander Studies and Director of Aboriginal Programs at Monash University; member of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Family Law Council and the National Aboriginal Consultative Committee; Fellow of the Australian College of Education; and Chair of the Yoorrook Justice Commission. She was a Co-Chair of Reconciliation Victoria for three years, Board Member for the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council for twelve years and a Board Member of Native Title Services Victoria. Her membership of community-based organisations include the Victorian Aboriginal Advancement League, the Victorian Aboriginal Education Consultative Group and Camp Jungai Cooperative Ltd.\nEleanor Bourke was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll for Women in 2010 and the Victorian Aboriginal Honour Roll in 2019 and was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2022 for significant service to Indigenous heritage, to justice, and to education.\n(Sources: Aboriginal Women by Degrees Mary Ann Bin-Sallik, ed. University of Queensland Press, 2000.)\n\u00a0\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2010 - 2010)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/contemporary-australian-women-1996-97\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crow, Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE0308", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crow-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Horsham, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political activist", "Summary": "Ruth Crow and her husband Maurie, long term members of the Communist Party, were active in various progressive movements, in later years becoming especially involved with the North Melbourne Association.\n(Source: Historical Note Melbourne University Archives)\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-crow-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/another-time-place-sound-recording\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crow-ruth-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-maurie-crow-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-further-papers-1915-1998\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Derham, Dorothy Lush", "Entry ID": "AWE0311", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-dorothy-lush\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Poet", "Summary": "Dorothy Derham was the daughter of H. and Grace Derham (n\u00e9e Taylor and one of four sisters including Jeannie 'Mrs Aeneas' Gunn), graduated at the University of Melbourne (B.A. 1919, Dip.Ed. 1920, M.A. 1921) and taught English and French to the examination forms at Ruyton Girls' School. She was first cousin to Alfred and Enid Derham, and a close friend of the latter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-dorothy-lush-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Derham, Enid", "Entry ID": "AWE0312", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-enid\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Lecturer, Photographer, Poet", "Summary": "Enid Derham was a poet and an academic who photographed her travels to Egypt, the Mediterranean, Europe, and England during 1927.\n", "Details": "Enid Derham was born in Hawthorn, Melbourne, on 24 March 1882. Her father, Thomas Plumley Derham, was a Bristol-born solicitor, and her mother was Ellen Hyde n\u00e9e Hodgson. She attended Hessle College, Camberwell, before moving on to Presbyterian Ladies' College. She commenced studies at the University of Melbourne in 1900, where she read Classical Philology. Whilst studying at the University, she became involved in the Princess Ida Club, of which she became a committee member. The club aimed to 'promote the common interests of, and to form a bond of union between the present and past women students.'\nDerham graduated from the University of Melbourne with a B.A. (First Class Honours) in 1903. Following this she was awarded a scholarship to complete a M.A. and majored in English and modern languages; she completed this degree in 1905. She began to write her own poetry during this time.\nHer association with the University of Melbourne continued after her graduation when she became a tutor of English at Trinity and Ormond Colleges, and lectured for the University Extension Board, and the Workers' Educational Association.\nDerham, along with 18 other women, was a founding member of the Catalysts' Society, which was based on the Lyceum Clubs in England, as well as The Lyceum Club, Melbourne and the Classical Association of Victoria, all of which fostered intellectual discourse.\nBefore the commencement of WW1, Derham travelled to Oxford and studied Anglo-Saxon and Old English for six months before returning to Melbourne.\nDerham published 'The Mountain Road and Other Verses', along with a short play entitled 'Empire: A Morality Play for Children' in 1912.\nShe moved to Western Australia where she took up a temporary lecturing position at the University of Western Australia in 1921, returning to the University of Melbourne in 1922, where she became the first woman to hold a lectureship position in the English department. She remained in this position for the rest of her life. Derham passed away on 13 November 1941, at her home in Kew.\nIn 1958, Melbourne University Press published a posthumous collection of her poetry entitled 'Poems'.\nDuring 1927 she travelled to Egypt, the Mediterranean, Europe, and England; she documented her travels with photographic studies. These photographs are held by the University of Melbourne Archives.\nCollections\nUniversity of Melbourne Archives (accession no. 1984.0030)\nContent added for initial entry in the Australian Women's Register, last modified 19 November 2015.\nEducated at Presbyterian Ladies' College and the University of Melbourne, Enid Derham graduated (BA) in classical philology in 1903 and her MA (Hons) in 1905. After tutoring in English at Trinity and Ormond colleges she spent six months at Oxford studying Anglo-Saxon and Old English. A member of 'The Catalysts' in 1912 she was a foundation member of both the Lyceum Club and the Classical Association of Victoria. Also her publications The Mountain Road and Other Verses and Empire. a Morality Play for Children were released in 1912. From 1922 until her death Derham was a lecturer in English Language and Literature at the University of Melbourne. In 1958 her second volume of poetry was published posthumously.\n", "Events": "Active as amateur photographer (1927 - 1927)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dictionary-of-australian-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-enid-1882-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-writers-a-bibliographic-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/two-centuries-selections-from-english-prose-and-poetry-of-the-18th-and-19th-centuries\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/notes-on-the-school-treasury-of-english-literature-section-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/empire-a-morality-play-for-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-the-animals-came-to-australia-an-uncensored-account\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poems-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mountain-road-and-other-verses\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-university-portraits-they-called-it-the-shop\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-enid-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-enid-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-enid-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-enid-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-enid-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-dorothy-lush-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ridley-ronald-thomas\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Derham, Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE0313", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art teacher, Artist", "Summary": "Frances Derham was born in Melbourne in 1894 and married Alfred Derham. As a trained artist and qualified art teacher, she taught and lectured for over sixty years and had a profound influence on early childhood art in Australia. After teaching at Preshil in Kew, Frances Derham tutored at the Kindergarten Training College. She was closely involved with Christine Heineg in the establishment of the Lady Gowrie Child Centres in 1939. A former President of the Art Teachers' Association of Victoria, Vice-President and founding member of the Australian Society for Education through the Arts, Derham died in 1987.\n", "Details": "Represented in the following collections:\n\nNational Gallery of Australia\nhttps:\/\/searchthecollection.nga.gov.au\/artist\/15499\/frances-derham?irn=15499\nNational Gallery of Victoria\nhttps:\/\/www.ngv.vic.gov.au\/explore\/collection\/artist\/2831\/\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-frances-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-frances-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jackson, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE0315", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jackson-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warragul, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman", "Summary": "Margaret Jackson was born on March 17, 1953 in Warragul, Victoria, educated at Warragul High School and studied Economics at Monash and Business Administration at Melbourne University.\nMargaret was chairman of Qantas from 2000 to 2007. She has been a director of Qantas since 1992 and her other directorships include ANZ since 1994.\nMargaret is married to Roger Donazzan and they have 2 children.\n(Source: Herd, Margaret (editor) Who's Who in Australia, 2002 38th edition, Crown Content, Melbourne.)\n[NB: the above biography was researched and written by Philida Sturgiss-Hoy]\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/contemporary-australian-women-1996-97\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sisely, Lorna Verdun", "Entry ID": "AWE0317", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisely-lorna-verdun\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Surgeon", "Summary": "Lorna Sisely, born in 1916 in Wangaratta, was educated at Wangaratta High School, Methodist Ladies College (Melb.) and Janet Clarke Hall University of Melbourne. She was a junior then senior Resident Medical Officer (RMO) at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne from 1942 until 1944. Later Sisely was founder and consultant surgeon at the Monash Medical Centre Breast Clinic. Among her other activities she was a member of the Anti-Cancer Council 1964 - 1981. On 14 June 1980 Lorna Sisely was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her service to medicine.\n[NB: the above biography was researched and written by Philida Sturgiss-Hoy for Women's History Month 2003]\n", "Events": "Consultant Surgeon at the Monash Medical Centre (1981 - 1981) \nDean of the Clinical School at the Queen Victoria Medical Centre Monash University (1980 - 1981) \nDemonstrator with the Department of Anatomy and Pathology at the University of Melbourne (1947 - 1949) \nFounder and Consultant Surgeon of the Breast Clinic Monash Monash Medical Centre (1979 - 1979) \nHonourary Assistant Surgeon at the Children's Hospital, Melbourne (1947 - 1949) \nJunior and Senior Resident Medical Officer at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne (1942 - 1944) \nMember of the Anti-Cancer Council (1964 - 1981) \nSurgeon and member of the senior staff with the Queen Victoria Medical Centre (1947 - 1981) \nWinner of the Gordon Craig Scholarship in Surgery (1949 - 1949)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/surgeon-championed-women-in-medicine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneering-woman-surgeon-who-always-shone\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maloney, Betty Florence", "Entry ID": "AWE0318", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maloney-betty-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical artist, Illustrator", "Summary": "An illustrator of many books on Australian plants, Betty Maloney and her sister, Jean Walker, studied art at Melbourne Technical College (now RMIT).\nAfter teaching art at the National Fitness Council, Melbourne Church of England Grammar School and St Catherine's School in Melbourne, she travelled to Europe.\nWith her sister she wrote Designing Australian Bush Garens and Australian Bush Gardens in 1966 and 1967.\nThe 86 watercolour illustrations used for the publication Proteaceae of the Sydney Region with Alec Blombery are in the Archives of the New South Wales State Library.\nAlso she illustrated books on mah-jong and thimbles - she maintained a collection of Victorian thimbles, was a co-founder, with her husband, of the Sydney Wagner Society and was involved with volunteer conservation groups, including the Society for Growing Australian Plants.\nIn the early 1990s her own garden at French's Forest was approved by the National Trust as a Trust garden and she was presented with a terracotta plaque.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maloney-betty-1925-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-florence-maloney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-about-bush-gardens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-game-of-mah-jong-illustrated\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/designing-australian-bush-gardens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/improve-your-mah-jong-more-about-the-game-of-mah-jong\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-kosciusko\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/propagating-australian-plants\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kakadu-to-broome\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mah-jong-players-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thimbles-of-australia-including-thimbles-of-the-world-with-an-australian-connection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/growing-australian-orchids\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/growing-native-plants-for-balconies-courtyards-townhouses\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wildflowers-and-native-plants-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-proteaceae-of-the-sydney-region\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/native-plants\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/islands\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/valete\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/volume-03-betty-maloney-original-drawings-of-the-fruits-and-seeds-of-the-family-proteaceae-in-the-sydney-region-1990-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/volume-02-betty-maloney-preliminary-sketches-of-the-fruits-and-seeds-of-the-family-proteaceae-of-the-sydney-region-ca-1990-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/volume-01-betty-maloney-preliminary-sketches-of-the-family-proteaceae-of-the-sydney-region-1976-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-posters-promoting-events-and-exhibitions-of-the-state-library-of-nsw\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mr-and-mrs-selwyn-brown-and-their-two-daughters-and-mrs-selwyns-mother-after-an-aeroplane-joy-flight\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Connell, Maude", "Entry ID": "AWE0321", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oconnell-maude\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beaufort, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "St Vincent's Hospital East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Maude O'Connell worked as a teacher and completed nursing training before becoming involved in social work. She was elected a Governor of the Carlton Refuge in 1909, and was an active member of the Tobacco Workers' Union before founding \"The Company of Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament\" (more commonly known as 'The Grey Sisters').\n", "Details": "The daughter of Patrick Martin and Rosina (n\u00e9e Hosking) O'Connell, Maude O'Connell worked as a teacher and completed her nursing training before becoming an active member of the Labor Party. She was the Catholic Church's delegate on many committees and councils dealing with industrial and social matters. O'Connell worked with the Charity Sisters working in the slums, and the Good Shepherd Sisters assisting girls who came before the courts. Also she tried to improve the conditions of women factory workers by working alongside them and becoming a union official.\nIn 1930 O'Connell, now in her late forties, established a rest home at Daylesford, where she took mothers and children, especially from the slum areas of inner Melbourne for respite care. Later she set up schools for Mother Craft Training, Rest Homes for Mothers, and provided Home Help for needy families, and Parent Education classes.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/company-of-our-lady-of-the-blessed-sacrament-family-care-sisters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horizon-in-retrospect-1916-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cohn, Carola (Ola)", "Entry ID": "AWE0323", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cohn-carola-ola\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Cowes, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Philanthropist, Sculptor", "Summary": "Ola Cohn was the first Australian sculptor to carve large commissions free-hand in stone. She created the statue for the Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden in Adelaide, South Australia, and carved the famous Fairies' Tree in Melbourne's Fitzroy Gardens. Examples of Ola Cohn's work in bronze, stone and wood are in state and provincial galleries nationwide. On 1 January 1965, Cohn was appointed a Member of the British Empire for her work in the service of art, especially sculpture. Her studio home in Gipps St, East Melbourne, is now known as the Ola Cohn Memorial Centre.\n", "Details": "One of six siblings, Carola (Ola) Cohn was born to Julius Cohn and Sarah Helen Snowball in Bendigo. Both parents were born in Australia: Ola's maternal grandparents arrived from England in 1850, and her paternal grandparents from Denmark in 1852. Ola was educated at Girton College, Bendigo, but studied drawing and sculpture at the Bendigo School of Mines. She went on to study at Swinburne Technical College in Melbourne, and finally, at the Royal College of Art in London. Exhibitions of her work were held all over Australia as well as in London, Paris and Glasgow. In 1930 she received a request from the office of H.R.H The Prince of Wales for a piece of her work to be part of an exhibition given in aid of the British Legion. Years later a faded newspaper clipping reads: 'When still a child she saw that most people were content to live, die and be forgotten. Her determination to become a sculptor, and that in this profession her work and memory would endure, commenced at the age of seven when she first modelled figures in wet sand'.\nOla Cohn was the first Australian sculptor to carve large commissions free-hand in stone. A pioneer of modernist sculpture in this country, her early work generated terrific controversy when it was exhibited in Melbourne in 1931. Over the course of her career, however, Cohn completed numerous commissions in Australia including two sandstone figures for the Royal Hobart Hospital, a six foot lime-stone Pioneer Women's Memorial for Adelaide's Garden of Remembrance and the bronze entitled 'Comedy'. In 1952 she received the Crouch Prize in Ballarat - the first and only sculptor to receive the honour - for her wood carving, Abraham. Cohn was perhaps most famous for carving The Fairies' Tree in the Fitzroy Gardens between 1931-34. This was a gift to the children of Melbourne, and she received no payment for the work.\nOla Cohn was a central figure in the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors, hosting life drawing classes every Friday night at her studio and serving as president of the Society for many years. She joined the Lyceum Club, and the Arts, Press and Letters Committee for the National Council of Women.\nThe extent of Cohn's philanthropic activity is difficult to assess. One newspaper described her as a 'charity worker', but she is unlikely to have been given honorary life membership of the Royal Children's Hospital simply because she was weaving scarves for charity - which she was indeed doing. Her extensive archives give little clue as to what kind of financial assistance she was able to provide, but certainly she opened her famous studio from time to time to raise money for a particular cause. In this way she raised \u00a3400 in aid of the Red Cross, the Comforts Fund and Food for Britain during WWII. She also held art classes for soldiers recovering from injury. Cohn assisted appeals for the Children's Hospital, Save the Children's Fund, Brotherhood of St. Laurence, Heart Foundation, The Cultural Centre Melbourne, and Animal Relief.\nCohn's greatest philanthropic gesture was her bequest to the Council of Adult Education. To this body she left her home and studio at 41 Gipps Street, East Melbourne and a collection of her works, with the idea that it would become a sculpture school. The bequest was valued at just under \u00a31 million. Poor financial management on the part of the CAE led to an attempt to sell the property, but this was thwarted by a legal battle headed by Cohn's niece Helen Bruinier. It is now known as the Ola Cohn Memorial Centre.\nOla Cohn was married at the age of 61 to her friend Herbert John Green, a retired Victorian Government Printer. She was appointed a Member of the British Empire for her work in the service of art, especially sculpture, on 1 January 1965.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services rendered in the service of art, especially sculpture (1964 - 1964) \nAttended art classes at the Bendigo School of Mines (1910 - 1919) \nAttended the Royal College of Art, London where her lecturers included Henry Moore for sculpture (1926 - 1926) \nAwarded a Royal College of Art, London free studentship (1928 - 1928) \nBecame an associate of the Royal College of Art, London (1929 - 1929) \nCarved Head of a Virgin, now in the National Gallery of Victoria, which was considered very modern in Australia at the time (1926 - 1926) \nCarved The Fairies' Tree in the Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne (1931 - 1934) \nCarved the limestone Pioneer Woman memorial statue, Adelaide (1940 - 1941) \nEstablished a studio at 9 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria (1930 - 1930) \nExecuted 19 panels for the Mutual Life and Citizens Building, Sydney New South Wales - 14 were designed by Murray Griffen (1939 - 1939) \nHeld an exhibition of her overseas work (1931 - 1931) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2007 - 2007) \nMarried Herbert John Green, retired government printer (1953 - 1953) \nMember of the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors (1922 - 1964) \nMember of the Victorian Art Society (1921 - 1921) \nMoved to 41 Gipps Street, East Melbourne where she made her studio a centre for artists (1937 - 1937) \nPart-time lecturer in art at the Melbourne Kindergarten Teacher's College (1940 - 1954) \nPresident of the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors (1948 - 1964) \nProduced two seven-foot (2.1m) sandstone figures, representing Science and Humanity, for the Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania (1938 - 1938) \nStudied at Swinburne Technical College, Melbourne (1920 - 1925) \nTaught art at Geelong Church of England Grammar School (1933 - 1933) \nTravelled to Europe and Iceland (1949 - 1951) \nWon the Crouch Prize - the first time it had been won by a sculptor - for a wood carving (1952 - 1952) \nWon the Roman Catholic Diocesan Centenary Prize in Melbourne (1948 - 1948)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carved-magic-at-the-bottom-of-the-gardens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/castles-in-the-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-fairies-tree\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-about-the-fairies-tree\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mostly-cats\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ola-cohn-1982-1964-sculpture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ola-cohns-fairies-tree\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brushing-the-dust-off\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ola-cohn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/notable-forebears-and-relatives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-and-sculptors-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-just-gumtrees-a-personal-social-and-artistic-history-of-the-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-and-sculptors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cohn-carola-1892-1964\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-painters-prepare-to-fight\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artists-allowed-to-stay-in-sculptors-house\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ola-cohns-house-and-studio-still-in-question\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100000-gift-to-help-restore-artists-centre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-artists-still-call-ola-cohn-centre-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-word-in-the-stone-sculptor-ola-cohn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/glass-after-glass-autobiographical-reflections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/album-ca-1904-1950-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ola-cohn-1912-1964-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photograph-album-ca-1920-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-ola-cohn-sculptor-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bust-of-fritz-hart-realia-ola-cohn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1904-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1912-ca-1970-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rowan, Marian Ellis", "Entry ID": "AWE0329", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowan-marian-ellis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical artist, Botanical collector", "Summary": "Ellis Rowan was a botanical artist who had no formal art training. She received encouragement from her family and husband, Frederick Charles Rowan, whom she married in 1873, to develop her own style in painting wildflowers.\nHer work was exhibited in both Australia and overseas for which she won a variety of art prizes.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowan-marian-ellis-1848-1922\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowan-marian-ellis-1848-1922-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-rowan-1848-1922\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/botanical-and-wildlife-artist-intrepid-explorer-and-writer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catalogue-of-water-colour-drawings-of-wild-flowers-etc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flower-paintings-of-ellis-rowan-from-the-collection-of-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bill-baillie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-rowan-1848-1922-a-biographical-sketch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-rowan-a-flower-hunter-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-flower-hunter-in-queensland-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-opinions-of-mrs-f-c-rowans-water-color-flower-drawings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-guide-to-the-trees\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-guide-to-the-wild-flowers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/southern-wild-flowers-and-trees-together-with-shrubs-vines-and-various-forms-of-growth-through-the-mountains-the-middle-district-and-the-low-country-of-the-south\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-human-side-of-trees-wonders-of-the-world\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ellis-rowan-1873-1895-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cutting-book-1895-1922-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-papers-relating-to-ellis-rowan-1892-1956-bulk-1892-1896-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-rowan-1848-1922-a-biography-of-a-remarkable-australian-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1926-1934-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blackburn, Jean Edna", "Entry ID": "AWE0332", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackburn-jean-edna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Feminist", "Summary": "Jean Blackburn was a feminist, socialist and staunch advocate of the critical importance of good quality teaching and resources in shaping children's' lives. After completing an economics major at the University of Melbourne in1940 she became a research assistant for the Department of Economics. A mother who experienced the isolation of suburban living, she worked with Winifred Mitchell in organising the New Housewives' Association to help overcome this isolation.\nShe later completed a Diploma in Education and began her teaching career. In 1969 she was seconded as a consultant to the Committee of Enquiry into South Australian Education issuing the Karmel Report in 1973. This was the first of several such appointments. In 1983 she conducted a public enquiry into Victorian senior secondary education, issuing the Blackburn Report in 1985.\n", "Details": "Jean Blackburn took pleasure in the fact that she was born Jean Muir on 14 July, Bastille Day. The great democratic values of freedom, equality and solidarity inspired her ideas and values, and shine through her writings. She was born in 1919 in Melbourne and was educated in the public school system. The fact that, by the age of 21, she had graduated as a BA with Honours in Economics was largely a tribute to her own determination and thirst for knowledge. At the University of Melbourne, Jean joined the Labor Club and then the Communist Party.\nShe worked as a young woman with the War Office of Industry, before marrying Dick Blackburn and moving to Adelaide. Her work there as a secondary school teacher, while raising her family of three children, led her on to a public career in education policy. She left the Communist Party after the invasion of Hungary in 1956.\nAfter working as a consultant to a 1969-70 Committee of Enquiry into Education in South Australia headed by Prof. Peter Karmel, she was appointed Deputy Chair of the Interim Committee for the Australian Schools Commission in the early 70s, and a full-time member of the Commission for 7 years from 1974 to 1980. Her strong commitment to public values, her capacity for intellectual rigour and engagement with a range of views and her ability to express significant ideas in a lucid and inspiring way meant that she had a profound influence on Australian education. She was also one of the most profound feminist thinkers of her time.\nFrom 1983 -85 Jean Blackburn chaired the Ministerial Review of Post-compulsory Schooling in Victoria. She was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Canberra from 1990-91, chaired the Victorian State Board of Education from 1991-92 and was founding chair of the State Suffrage Centenary Committee in South Australia from 1992-93. She was awarded honorary doctorates from three Australian Universities. She died in Adelaide in December 2001.\nAs well as this record of distinguished service and influence, it is Jean Blackburn's personal qualities and strength of character that explain her place as one of our most loved and revered leaders in education.\n", "Events": "Inaugural Australian College of Educators Jean Blackburn Oration given at Wilson Hall, The University of Melbourne. (2014 - 2014) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/changing-approaches-to-equality-in-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-study-of-work-in-society-a-curriculum-proposal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-wives-today\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/changing-approaches-to-equality-in-education-lecture-given-at-the-australian-national-university-on-nov-19-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/title-i-and-the-disadvantaged-schools-program\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-volume-1-ministerial-review-of-postcompulsory-schooling\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/passionate-for-schools-equity-jean-blackburn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jean-blackburn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-blackburn-interviewed-by-peter-biskup-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jean-blackburn-economist-educationalist-and-chancellor-university-of-canberra-sound-recording-interviewer-peter-read\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-blackburn-interviewed-by-wendy-lowenstein-in-the-communists-and-the-left-in-the-arts-and-community-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-blackburn-interviewed-by-tony-ryan-for-the-conversations-with-australian-educators-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jean-blackburn-sound-recording-interviewer-allison-murchie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jean-blackburn-sound-recording-interviewer-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jean-blackburn-sound-recording-interviewer-allison-murchie-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/launch-of-the-barbara-hanrahan-memorial-exhibition-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hunt, Annemarie Jean (Anne)", "Entry ID": "AWE0333", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hunt-annemarie-jean-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Headmistress", "Summary": "Anne Hunt attended Sacred Heart College, Geelong, Victoria, before completing a Science degree at the University of Melbourne.\nShe began her teaching career in 1978 as a teacher of Maths, Science and Chemistry with the Victorian Department of Education and later transferred to the Catholic schools sector. She also completed a degree in Theology at Yarra Theological Union. From 1983 to 1986 she was Deputy Principal of Loreto Mandeville Hall in Toorak, Victoria.\nIn 1987 Hunt travelled to the USA, where she completed a Masters degree in Educational Administration at Fordham University in New York City, and the next year a Masters degree in Theology at the Catholic Theological Union, Chicago.\nHunt returned to Australia in 1989 and became the first lay principal of Loreto Mandeville Hall. Once again she combined study with her career, completing doctoral studies in Theology in 1994 with the Melbourne College of Divinity. In 2002 Anne Hunt became the Rector of the Aquinas Campus of the Australian Catholic University.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-trinity-and-the-paschal-mystery-a-development-in-recent-catholic-theology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Schnagl, Heather", "Entry ID": "AWE0334", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/schnagl-heather\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Headmistress, Immunologist", "Summary": "Heather Schnagl is Principal of Ivanhoe Girls' Grammar School and a Director of the Invergowrie Foundation.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Butt, Elizabeth Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0335", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/butt-elizabeth-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Headmistress", "Summary": "Prior to completing her Science degree at the University of Melbourne, Butt attended Fintona Girls' School, Balwyn, Victoria. In 1950 she became a Scientific Officer for the Defence Standards Laboratory (Vic), and in 1952 was appointed Assistant Mistress at Heathfield School, UK. From 1955 to 1959 she taught at Shelford CEGGS, before joining the staff at Fintona in 1960.\nElizabeth Butt became Headmistress at Fintona in 1963, retaining this position for 29 years until her retirement in 1991.\n(Source: http:\/\/www.fintona.vic.edu.au\/history.htm accessed 18\/03\/2002)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminine-singular-a-history-of-the-association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marles, Fay Surtees", "Entry ID": "AWE0336", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marles-fay-surtees\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator", "Summary": "Fay Surtees Marles AM (n\u00e9e Pearce) is a former Australian public servant. She served as Victorian Commissioner of Equal Opportunity from 1977 to 1987 and Chancellor of the University of Melbourne from 2001 to 2004.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Percy Willam Pearce and Jane Victoria Crisp, Fay Marles completed her secondary education at Ruyton Girls' School, before attending the University of Melbourne.\nMarles graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts and Diploma of Social Work. She subsequently became a social worker in Queensland. However, after her marriage to Donald Marles in 1952 she was subjected to the marriage bar and forced to resign her position. She and her husband had four children, including politician Richard Marles.\nIn 1977, Marles was appointed the first Commissioner for Equal Opportunity in Victoria. She retained the position until 1987, when she established Fay Marles and Associates, a consultancy specializing in dispute resolution and human resource management.\nFay Marles was first elected to the University of Melbourne Council in 1984 and became Deputy Chancellor in 1986, before her appointment as Chancellor in 2001, a position she held until 2004. She was the first woman to hold the position.\nAfter retirement the University of Melbourne established the Fay Marles Scholarship in recognition of her strong commitment to social justice and human right. It is offered to research students from Australian Indigenous descent or students who are experiencing compassionate or compelling circumstances.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2010 - 2010)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dilemma-at-westernport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/workplace-approach-to-sexual-harassment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/being-a-member-of-a-profession-implications-for-teachers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-decade-of-mary-owen-dinners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bunyan, Ruth Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0339", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bunyan-ruth-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Headmistress", "Summary": "A former principal of Strathcona Baptist Girls' Grammar School (1990-2001), Ruth Bunyan became a member (and then a director) of the Invergowrie Foundation Council, a philanthropic organisation that issues grants to community groups to advance girls' education in Victoria.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Alexander and Elizabeth Barkley, Ruth was educated at Morongo Girls College and Geelong High School. She completed her tertiary education at the University of Melbourne and the University Women's College, graduating with a Bachelor of Science and a Diploma of Education.\nIn 1963, Ruth Barkley married Peter James Bunyan (deceased 1996). The pair had three children.\nBunyan worked as a haematologist at Mater Hospital in Newcastle before becoming a Lecturer in mathematics at the Victoria College of Pharmacy. Later she taught maths at Mitcham High School and Geelong High School, before becoming Chief of Staff at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne.\nBunyan was appointed to the position of Deputy Principal at St Margaret's Girls School, Berwick, and from 1990 until her retirement in 2001, was Principal of Strathcona Baptist Girls' Grammar School, Melbourne.\nRuth Bunyan enjoys travel, reading, music, theatre, bushwalking and tennis. She is a member of the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria and the Lyceum Club (Melbourne).\nSource used to compile this entry: Who's Who in Australia, 2002 p. 332 and information supplied by The Invergowrie Foundation.\n", "Events": "Director, Mentone Girls' Grammar School (2001 - 2001) \nMember of the Association of Heads of Independent Schools Australia (1990 - 2001) \nMember, Acton Early Childhood Centre (2001 - 2001) \nMember, Invergowrie Foundation Council (1993 - 1993) \nPrincipal, Strathcona Baptist Girls' Grammar School (Melbourne) (1990 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hooper, Chloe", "Entry ID": "AWE0348", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hooper-chloe\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "Chloe Hooper attended Lauriston Girls' School before commencing a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Melbourne. She studied creative writing at New York's Columbia University under a Fulbright Scholarship.\nHooper's first novel A Child's Book of True Crime was launched at the 2002 Adelaide Writers' Week.\n", "Events": "Documentary - The Tall Man, Blackfella Films (with Darren Dale and Tony Krawitz) (2011 - 2011) \nMagazine Feature Writing - 'The Tall Man', The Monthly (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chloes-book-of-real-fiction\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-kitty-koala-did-next\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-childs-book-of-true-crime\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Campbell, Christine Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0357", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/campbell-christine-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Christine Campbell was the Member for Pascoe Vale representing the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1996. She was re-elected at the elections held in 1999, 2002, 2006 and 2010. She has held the ministerial portfolios of Community Services, Senior Victorians and Consumer Affairs. She retired from parliament in November 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gould, Monica Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0358", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gould-monica-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "On 25 February 2003, Monica Gould was elected 18th President of the Legislative Council of Victoria. She was the first female to hold this position and retained it until November 2006.\n", "Details": "Educated at Vaucluse Convent in Richmond, and Macleod Technical School, Gould was a member of the ACTU Executive (1991-1993) and General Vice-President of the National Union of Workers (1980-1993), before entering Parliament.\nIn 1993 she became MLC (ALP) for Doutta Galla province, and held the position until the end of 2006. Toward the end of this period she served as Minister for Industrial Relations (1999-2002) and Minister for Education Services and Youth Affairs (2002). She was Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council (1999-2002), Shadow Minister for Aged Care (1996-1999) and Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council (1999).\nGould maintains an interest in the Australian Human Rights Society, the Heidelberg Emergency Housing Group and Australian Rules Football.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2018 - 2018)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kirner, Joan Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0359", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kirner-joan-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Essendon, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "In 1990 Joan Kirner was elected the first woman Premier for the State of Victoria. She held the position for two years but her legacy will extend for much longer. As the Premier of Victoria, Daniel Andrews said in a statement after her death:\n \"Through her decades of advocacy for gender equality, [Joan Kirner] fundamentally changed [The Victorian ALP] and our society. In the process, she raised a generation of Victorian Labor women - one of whom became Prime Minister\u2026\nShe fought every day for fairness. Our state is stronger for her service and our lives are greater for her friendship. She was our first female Premier and because of her work, she won't be the last.\"\n", "Details": "Kirner entered the Victorian Parliament in 1982 as an MLC (ALP) for the Province of Melbourne West. Between 1985 and 1988 she was Minister for Conservation, Forests and Lands. In 1988 she moved to the Lower House as the member for Williamstown and was appointed Minister for Education (1988-1990) and Minister for Ethnic Affairs (1990-1991). She served as Deputy Premier from 1989-1990 and in 1992 became the Leader of the Opposition.\nKirner resigned from parliament in 1994. That same year, she was appointed Chair of the Employment Services Regulatory Authority (which position she held until 1996), and Chair of the National Committee to Celebrate the Centenary of Federation. In May 2001, as a member of the Victorian Committee for the Centenary of Federation, she organised the Women Shaping the Nation event and presentation of the Victorian Honour Roll of women in the Victorian Parliament with 756 women present.\nKirner's interest in social justice, equity for women, the arts and landcare was lifelong. With Moira Rayner, she co-authored the best selling Women's Power Handbook, published in 1999 and illustrated by Judy Horacek. Kirner was a co-convenor of Emily's List, a Board member of the Australian Children's Television Foundation, and a member of the Playbox Theatre Board. She supported a variety of organisations including the Living Museum of the West, the Women's Circus and Positive Women.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/economic-statement-a-statement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hon-joan-kirner-education-speeches-1973-1984-from-mum-to-minister\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ministerial-statement-on-the-vce\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-positive-partnership-affirmative-action-in-the-australian-labor-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-power-handbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/but-im-only-a-mum-on-deleting-the-word-only\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australias-working-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/as-a-woman-writing-womens-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-generously-women-mentoring-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorias-first-female-premier-joan-kirner-dies-aged-76\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thomson, Marsha Rose", "Entry ID": "AWE0361", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thomson-marsha-rose\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pascoe Vale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "In 1999 Marsha Thomson was elected Member of the Legislative Council (ALP) for Melbourne North Province at the Victorian state election. She served as the Minister for Information and Communication Technology and Small Business from 2002 until 2006. In 2006 she moved from the Legislative Council to be elected Member of the Legislative Assembly for Footscray. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary, Industry and Trade from August 2007 until December 2010. She was re-elected in 2010 but the Labor Government was voted out of office. She was again re-elected in November 2014, when the Labor Party returned to power.\nShe is married to Federal Parliamentarian, the Hon. Kelvin Thomson MP, and is the mother of two children, Ben and Naomi.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beaurepaire, Beryl Edith", "Entry ID": "AWE0365", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beaurepaire-beryl-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mt Eliza, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Feminist, Patron, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Following the birth of her children, Beryl Beaurepaire became involved with charity work and the women's organisations of the Liberal Party. She summarises her liberal feminist views as follows: 'If you're a feminist you believe in equal opportunities and rights for women, but you also believe that women accept equal responsibilities.' (As cited by Emma Grahame in Australian Feminism: A Companion, OUP, 1998)\nDame Beryl passed away at her home in Mt Eliza, Victoria, on 24 October 2018.\n", "Details": "Beryl Edith Bedggood completed her schooling at Fintona Girl's School in Balwyn, Victoria, before becoming a meteorological officer with the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force in 1942. After marrying Ian Francis Beaurepaire in 1946 she became involved in the community and charity work of Melbourne's society women. During the 1970s she was chairman of the Federal Women's Committee (1974-1976), and later convenor of the first National Women's Advisory Council (1978-1982) as well as being vice-president of the Victorian Division of the Liberal Party from 1976 to 1986.\nBeaurepaire was a member of the Australian Children's Television Foundation Board (1982-1988), the Board of Victoria's 150th Authority (1982-1987), and a member of the Australian Bi-centennial Multicultural Foundation (1989-1992). From 1985 to 1993 she was chairman of the Australian War Memorial Council and then chairman of the Australian War Memorial Fund Raising Committee (1993).\nShe is Patron to a number of community organisations including: Children First Foundation since 2000, Peninsula Hospice Service since 1999, Palliative Care (Vic.) since 1999, Victorian College of the Arts since 1999, Epilepsy Foundation of Victoria since 1999, Australia Against Child Abuse since 1999, Peninsula Health Care Network Foundation since 1996 and the Portsea Children's Camp since 1996.\n", "Events": "Appointed, Member of the British Empire (MBE) (1975 - 1975) \nAwarded Silver Jubilee Medal (1977 - 1977) \nBoard member of the Australian Children's Television Foundation Board (1982 - 1988) \nBoard member of the Victorian 150th Authority (1982 - 1987) \nChairman of the Australian War Memorial Council (1985 - 1993) \nChairman of the Australian War Memorial Fund Raising Committee (1993 - 1996) \nChairman of the Board of Management of Fintona Girls School (1973 - 1987) \nChairman of the Federal Liberal Party Women's Committee (1974 - 1976) \nChairman of the Victorian Liberal Party Women's Section (1973 - 1976) \nCommissioned Assistant Section Officer (1945 - 1945) \nCompanion Order of Australia (AC) (1991 - 1991) \nConvenor of the National Women's Advisory Council (1978 - 1982) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nMarried Ian Francis Beaurepaire (1946 - 1946) \nMember of the Australian Bi-centennial Multicultural Foundation (1989 - 1992) \nMember of the Australian War Memorial Council (1982 - 1993) \nMember of the Federal Women's Advisory Committee Working Party (1977 - 1977) \nMember of the National Executive, YWCA Australia (1969 - 1977) \nPatron of the Australian's Against Child Abuse (1999 - 1999) \nPatron of the Children First Foundation (2000 - 2000) \nPatron of the Epilepsy Foundation of Victoria Incorporated (1999 - 1999) \nPatron of the Palliative Care (Vic.) (1999 - 1999) \nPatron of the Peninsula Health Care Network Foundation (1996 - 1996) \nPatron of the Peninsula Hospice Service (1999 - 1999) \nPatron of the Portsea Children's Camp (1996 - 1996) \nPatron of the Victorian College of the Arts (1999 - 1999) \nPresident of the Victorian Association of Most Excellent OBE (1988 - 1990) \nServed with the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (1942 - 1945) \nThe Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander (DBE) (1980 - 1980) \nVice-President of the Citizens Welfare Service Victoria (1970 - 1986) \nVice-President of the Victorian Division Liberal Party (1976 - 1986)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-honour-roll-b\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beaurepaire-beryl-edith-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beryl-beaurepaire\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-and-politics-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-matriarchs-twelve-australian-women-talk-about-their-lives-to-susan-mitchell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-veterans-honoured\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-decade-of-mary-owen-dinners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1970-ca-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-200-entries-1988-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beaurepaire-beryl-edith-service-number-90770-date-of-birth-24-sep-1923-place-of-birth-camberwell-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-next-of-kin-bedggood-edward\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murdoch, Elisabeth Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE0366", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murdoch-elisabeth-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Langwarrin, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "Dame Elisabeth Murdoch was widely regarded as the 'queen of Australia's philanthropic community' through much of the twentieth century. She was Patron of the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, Victoria and supported 110 charitable organisations annually.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Rupert and Marie Green, Elisabeth Murdoch was educated at St Catherine's School, Toorak and Clyde School, Woodend. Rupert was the wool expert of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency, and was well known in racing circles as a starter for the VRC and VATC. Marie - or Bairnie as she was known - was twice president of the Alexandra Club and once of the Victoria League. Years later, Dame Elisabeth would recall that 'that was very much my mother's milieu. She really was so very much attached to the English part of her heritage'. At the age of nineteen, Elisabeth was courted by the newspaper proprietor Keith Murdoch, then in his early forties, and the pair were married in 1928. They had four children: Helen (later Handbury), Anne (later Kantor), Rupert, and Janet (later Calvert-Jones).\nWhile still a schoolgirl, Elisabeth had begun knitting woollen singlets for babies at Melbourne's Children's Hospital, and by virtue of knitting the greatest number, was given a tour of the institution. She was 'devastated by what she saw', and here the seed was sewn for later philanthropic activity. After school she volunteered one day a week at the Lady Northcote Kindergarten, another eye-opener. After her marriage, Elisabeth's voluntary work became a central part of her life. Through Keith she had become very friendly with Mr and Mrs Henry Gullett and, in 1933, was 'enlisted' by Lady Gullett onto the committee of the Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and by Lady Latham onto the management committee of the Royal Children's Hospital. She maintained that 'of course I had that opportunity because Lady Latham and her husband knew Keith' and wished to have the support of his Herald and Sun publications.\nElisabeth dedicated her life to philanthropic activity. Asked why, years later, she claimed that she felt so blessed in life that she was obliged to do the work 'as a sort of thanksgiving'. Her own philanthropic work, she insisted, was inspired by Keith's and she said: 'All the wonderful life I've had stemmed, I suppose, from my marriage, so I'm very conscious that I never would have made much of a mark\u2026 unless I'd married Keith and had the opportunities which he gave me and his position gave me.' Sir Keith, as he became, died in 1952. Lady Murdoch went on to serve as president of the Royal Children's Hospital management committee from 1954 to 1965, and was known for her personal touch in fundraising endeavours, hand-writing letters of thanks to each major donor. She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Civil Division (CBE)\nin 1961, and in 1963 was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire Civil Division (DBE) for her role in building a new children's hospital in Melbourne.\n1968 saw Dame Elisabeth become the first woman on the Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria. She held the position for eight years. In 1976 she co-founded the Victorian Tapestry Workshop, and served as its Chairman from 1986-88. Dame Elisabeth's philanthropic activities continued throughout her varied career, and in 1984 she was a founding member of the Murdoch Institute (known today as the Murdoch Children's Research Institute). In 1968 she was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Laws by the University of Melbourne in acknowledgement of her contributions to research, the arts and philanthropy. Trinity College installed her as a Fellow in November 2000.\nIn July 2006, BRW magazine wrote that 'the 97-year-old mother of Rupert Murdoch is widely regarded as queen of Australia's philanthropic community'. By the time of her death Dame Elisabeth was supporting 110 charities annually. She concentrated her efforts most particularly on: the Tapestry Workshop; the McClelland Art Gallery; the Advisory Council for Children with Impaired Hearing; Noah's Ark Toy Library; the RSPCA; the Royal Botanic Gardens; the Maud Gibson Gardens Trust; the Chair of Landscape Architecture (Melbourne University); the Murdoch Research Institute; and Taralye, an oral language centre for deaf children.\nDame Elisabeth was a very keen, knowledgeable, gardener who designed and developed her garden at Cruden Farm into one of the best known in the country. She frequently opened the garden for fundraising purposes. An honorary fellow of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architecture, she funded and helped to establish the Elisabeth Murdoch Chair of Landscape Architecture and the Australian Garden History Society.\nIn 1989 Dame Elisabeth was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for services to the community also receiving the Centenary Medal in 2001 for her philanthropic services to the Australian arts community. In 2001 she was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.\nDame Elisabeth Murdoch lived at Cruden Farm, Langwarrin until she died, in December 2012.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elisabeth-murdoch-two-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trinity-has-three-new-fellows\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-winning-streak-the-murdochs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garden-of-a-lifetime-dame-elisabeth-murdoch-at-cruden-farm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-great-form-of-love-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1972-aug-17-27-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-elisabeth-murdoch-interviewed-by-john-farquharson-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKenzie, Florence Violet", "Entry ID": "AWE0386", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckenzie-florence-violet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Greenwich, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Engineer, Servicewoman", "Summary": "In 1923 Florence Wallace (as she was then known) graduated as an electrical engineer from Sydney Technical College and in 1924 became Australia's first certificated woman radio telegraphist and the only woman member of the Wireless Institute of Australia. She was the founder and director of the Electrical Association for Women, established in 1934. In 1939 she founded and directed the Women's Emergency Signalling Corps, which later became the starting point for the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS). Rosemary Broomham wrote in the biography of Florence McKenzie in 200 Australian Women that altogether Mrs McKenzie trained over 10,000 servicemen in Morse, visual signalling and international code, and she trained 3000 women, a third of whom went into the Services. On 8 June 1950 Florence McKenzie was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her work with the Women's Emergency Signals Corps.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-violet-mckenzie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cookery-book-and-electrical-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-florence-violet-mckenzie-nee-wallace-obe-astc-elec-eng-fain-mrs-mac-died-peacefully-in-her-sleep-on-sunday-evening-23-may-1982-aged-90\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckenzie-florence-violet-1890-1982\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-florence-mckenzie-former-patroness-of-the-ex-wran-association-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Curtis-Otter, Margaret Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE0389", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/curtis-otter-margaret-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Strathfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Journalist Margaret Curtis-Otter, whose husband (Donald) was serving with the navy, enlisted in the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) on 18 January 1943 and became second in charge of this service. She was one of the first 16 officers and became an adviser to the Naval Board after the war, as well as Acting Director WRANS, while Sheila McClemans attended the Victory Parade in London in 1946. Margaret Curtis-Otter worked with Naval Control, assisting with the assembling of convoys and arranging for the departure of merchant ships. Later she became one of the founders of the Naval Information Service, when she joined the Naval Office. In 1975 the Naval Historical Society published W.R.A.N.S. : the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service written by Margaret-Curtis Otter. On 2 January 1956 she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her services as Commissioner of the Girl Guides Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-r-a-n-s-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/curtis-otter-margaret-catherine-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ships-belles-the-story-of-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-in-war-and-peace-1941-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-curtis-otter-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/department-of-information-broadcasting-division-talks-by-margaret-curtis-otter-jan-1942-transcripts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/department-of-information-mrs-curtis-otter-correspondence-flat-12a-594-st-kilda-rd-melbourne-sc-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/members-of-the-first-wrans-officer-training-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-first-officer-margaret-curtis-otter-director-of-the-wrans-until-demobilised-in-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-curtis-otter-acting-first-officer-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-interviewed-by-dr-ruth-thompson-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/curtis-otter-margaret-first-officer-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-wrans\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McEwan, Kathleen (Kitty) Agnes Rose", "Entry ID": "AWE0396", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcewan-kathleen-kitty-agnes-rose\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Surrey Hills, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Golfer, Journalist, Print journalist, Sports Journalist, War Worker", "Summary": "Kitty McEwan was educated at Ormiston Ladies' College and became a freelance journalist working with Australian Home Beautiful in 1929. Interested in the game of golf, she began writing about women and golf, for the Radiator in 1937 and the Sun News-Pictorial in 1938. She organised fund-raising for patriotic appeals during World War II. In June 1942 McEwan was appointed superintendent in Victoria of the Australian Women's Land Army, a position she held until March 1946. After the war she returned to journalism, writing for the Sun News-Pictorial from which she retired in 1966. Kitty McEwan served as honorary publicity officer and an executive member of the National Council of Women Victoria and a councillor of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. She died on 17 August 1969, aged 75 years.\n", "Details": "Kitty McEwan was a keen sportswoman and was a member of several sporting clubs and associations, including the Barwon Heads Golf Club and the Women's Amateur Sports Council. She used her role as a journalist to promote women's sport to a wide audience. Her efforts in this area have seen her commemorated publicly. In 2003 she had a street in the Canberra suburb of Mckellar names after her, and the pre-eminent Victorian sportswoman of the year receives the VicSport Kitty McEwan Sportswoman of the Year award.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1929 - 1966)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcewan-kathleen-agnes-rose\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-land-army-a-brief-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1967-oct-26-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stevenson, Clare Grant", "Entry ID": "AWE0399", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stevenson-clare-grant\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Bureaucrat, Community worker, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Clare Stevenson was appointed Director of the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force on 9 June 1941. Thus she became head of the first Women's Service formed in Australia for ground-staff duties with an armed force. After the war Stevenson returned to her executive position with Berlei Ltd. Also she became involved with community work. For forty years she was affiliated with the Services Canteens Trust Fund. Clare Stevenson, with a group of friends, helped initiate the Scholarship Trust Fund for Civilian Widows' Children. She also helped establish the Kings Cross Community Aid Centre as well as the Carer's Association of New South Wales. On 11 June 1960 Clare Stevenson was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for social welfare services on behalf of ex-servicewomen. On Australia Day 1988 she received the Member of the Order of Australia award for service to the community and to the welfare of veterans.\n", "Details": "Born at Wangaratta, Vic., Clare Stevenson was the second youngest of six children and moved with her family to Essendon when she was four years old. Her education commenced at Winstow Girls' Grammar School, Essendon and later Essendon High School. Passing her School Leaving Examination in February 1922, she was one of 116 young women out of a total of 501 who that year signed the matriculation roll at the University of Melbourne.\nClare Stevenson was admitted to the Faculty of Science and during her time at the university she was active in campus activities. A member of the Students' Representative Council and the Science Club, Clare Stevenson was a hockey blue and in 1925, president of the Committee of Melbourne University Women. During the final year of the degree she failed chemistry and enrolled for the Diploma of Education, which she obtained at the end of 1925. She commenced her working career with the Y.W.C.A. and in 1932 became a training and research officer at Berlei Ltd.\nOn 9 June 1941 Stevenson was selected as director of the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) a position she held until she retired on 18 March 1946. At the end of World War II she returned to her position at Berlei Ltd and remained with the company until her retirement in 1960.\nIn her retirement, Clare Stevenson continued her involvement with community associations. Affiliated with the Services Canteens Trust Fund for 40 years, she and a group of friends helped establish the Scholarship Trust Fund for Civilian Widows' Children. Clare Stevenson helped establish the Kings Cross Community Aid Centre as well as the Carer's Association of NSW. In 1960 she was awarded the MBE for her services to the community.\nClare Stevenson never married and died in Sydney on 22 October 1988.\n", "Events": "Appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (1960 - 1960) \nAwarded Member of the Order of Australia (AM) (1988 - 1988) \nGeneral Secretary of the Y.W.C.A, Rockhampton (1929 - 1931) \nJoined Berlei Ltd to take charge of staff training (1932 - 1932) \nOrganiser of night classes and clubs for day workers Y.W.C.A. (Sydney) (1926 - 1928) \nPromoted to Group-Officer (1942 - 1942) \nPromoted to Wing-Officer (1941 - 1941) \nRetired from Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (1946 - 1946) \nSelected as Director of the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force with rank of Squadron-Officer (1941 - 1941) \nSenior Execuctive at Berlei Ltd, London (1935 - 1939) \nSenior Executive at Berlei Ltd (1946 - 1960)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stevenson-clare-grant-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unsung-heroes-heroines-of-australia-edited-by-suzy-baldwin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-w-a-a-a-f-book\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/department-of-information-broadcasting-division-talks-by-wing-officer-clare-stevenson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clare-g-stevenson-honour\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stevenson-clare-grant-service-number-351001-date-of-birth-18-jul-1903-place-of-birth-unknown-place-of-enlistment-unknown-next-of-kin-stevenson-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/director-of-waaaf-clare-stevenson-middle-and-warrant-officer-gwen-starkie-stark-obscured-on-inspection-of-no-5-operational-training-unit-raaf\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-a-number-of-waaaf-officers-who-attended-the-first-annual-conference-of-waaaf-staff-officers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-outdoors-the-director-waaaf-group-officer-clare-stevenson-and-a-waaaf-wing-officer-conversing-with-waaaf-officers-who-conducted-a-four-day-bivouac\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stevenson-clare-grant-group-officer-director-waaaf\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clare-grant-stevenson-papers-1941-1947-concerning-the-womens-auxiliary-australian-air-force\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clare-grant-stevenson-further-papers-192-1988-mainly-concerning-the-womens-auxiliary-australian-air-force-with-the-papers-of-joyce-a-thomson-concerning-clare-grant-stevenson-1941-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-four-original-waaaf-officers-with-the-director-waaaf-group-officer-clare-stevenson-after-a-waaaf-staff-officers-conference-at-air-force-headquarters-victoria-barracks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clare-grant-stevenson-papers-ca-1917-1988-together-with-unidentified-business-records-1848-1876-and-the-papers-of-stella-florence-james-1919-1971-marian-macleod-hamilton-nee-grant-stevenson-1\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Deasey, Maude (Kathleen)", "Entry ID": "AWE0406", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collingwood, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Servicewoman, Teacher", "Summary": "Kathleen Deasey was appointed assistant-controller Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS), Southern Command in November 1941. Prior to joining the AWAS, Deasey was lady superintendent at Melbourne's Ladies College, Melbourne. Following World War II, Deasey worked with the Department of Immigration, after which she studied at the Sorbonne, Paris. Later Deasey returned to teaching and was a senior tutor in education at the University of Melbourne and then became Principal of St Ann's College, University of Adelaide.\n", "Details": "The second of six children to Anglican clergyman, Rev. Denis Murrell and Maude Williamson (n\u00e9e Watt) Deasey, Kathleen was educated at Geelong Church of England Girls' Grammar School. She obtained a BA (1931), MA (1933) and DipEd (1935) from the University of Melbourne, and a BA (1937) and MA (1946) from Newham College, Cambridge. She taught at Frensham, Mittagong, NSW and became lady superintendent at Methodist Ladies College (Melbourne). \nIn November 1941 Deasey was appointed assistant-controller, Southern Command and was promoted to Major on 28 January 1942. Initially she established the service's structure in Victoria and then supervised the enlistment and training of recruits. In May 1943 she was transferred to First Army Headquarters, Toowoomba, Queensland as assistant-controller and later to the Australian Army Chaplains' Department, Land Headquarters, Melbourne.\nIn 1944 the Chaplains' Department published, Readings and Prayers for Members of the Army Women's Services, a booklet that Deasey compiled. After the war she represented the Australian Women's Army Service at the Victory march in London (1946) and then returned to Australia and drafted a history of the Service. \nAfter being discharged from the army Deasey worked with the Department of Immigration, spent time studying at the Sorbonne, Paris, followed by administering an agency sponsorship scheme for the World Council of Churches. From 1960 to 1961 she was a senior tutor in education at the University of Melbourne and then became Principal of St Ann's College, University of Adelaide, until 1966. Returning to Melbourne in 1967, she joined the staff of Larnook Domestic Arts Teachers' College, Armadale.\nKathleen Deasey, who never married, died on 6 September 1968 and was buried in Boroondara cemetery, Kew.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-m-k-maj-appointment-as-lc-between-aa-ch-d-and-australian-army-womens-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen-service-number-v345001-date-of-birth-26-may-1909-place-of-birth-melbourne-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-deasey-d\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-m-kathleen-deasey-college-principal-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honours-and-awards-recommendations-for-new-year-honours-list-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/general-sir-thomas-blamey-inspects-units-of-the-australian-womens-army-service-at-their-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-deasey-sewing-on-a-victory-contingent-colour-patch-for-private-frank-john-partridge-vc-on-board-hmas-shropshire\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-m-k-deasey-australian-womens-army-service-awas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-major-kathleen-deasey-who-in-november-1941-was-appointed-assistant-controller-in-victoria-of-the-australian-womens-army-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Verinder, Dulcie Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0412", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/verinder-dulcie-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Colonel Dulcie Verinder's appointment was \"Head of Corps\", rather than Director. She graduated from the first WRAAC Officer Cadet Course in December 1952, and served in various capacities with the WRAAC, including five years as Chief Instructor at the WRAAC School.\nIn 1976 Dulcie Verinder was promoted to Colonel. At that time she was the only female officer to have been promoted to Colonel for appointment outside her Corps.\nColonel Dulcie Elizabeth Verinder was Head of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps from 1979 until 1981. On 14 July 1977 she was awarded the National Medal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-stroll-down-memory-lane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dulcie-verinder-colonel-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queens-birthday-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-pre-dinner-chat-for-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac-officers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Calvert-Jones, Elisabeth (Janet)", "Entry ID": "AWE0427", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/calvert-jones-elisabeth-janet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Philanthropist", "Summary": "The youngest child of Dame Elisabeth Murdoch and Sir Keith Murdoch, Janet Calvert-Jones follows the family tradition, established by both of her parents, of being involved in business as well as philanthropy.\n", "Details": "Like her mother and older sisters, Janet was educated at Clyde School (Woodend, Victoria). While travelling abroad she met stockbroker John Calvert-Jones and the pair were married on February 3rd, 1962. They were to have three sons and a daughter.\nFollowing the birth of her son, Robert, who suffered from impaired hearing, Janet Calvert-Jones co-founded the Advisory Council for Children with Impaired Hearing, and served as its Chairman from 1973 to 1995. The board established 'Taralye', an early intervention centre for hearing-impaired children, in Blackburn, Victoria. Since 1988 Janet has also been a Director of the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, of which her mother was Patron.\nIn 1989, Janet Calvert-Jones became chairman of The Herald and Weekly Times Limited, the same company her father ran from 1929 to 1952. She is also a member of the State Library of Victoria Foundation Business sub-committee.\nIn recognition of her charitable work, Janet was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) on 8 June 1998. On 26 January 2006, she was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for service to the community through philanthropy and support for medical research, access to education in rural areas, development of significant cultural and botanical collections, and to the print media.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-winning-streak-the-murdochs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-janet-calvert-jones-chairman-of-the-advisory-council-for-children-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Boyd, Prudence (Prue) Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE0429", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/boyd-prudence-prue-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cobram, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Tutor", "Summary": "Daughter of Douglas and Eina (n\u00e9e Pennicott) Boyd, Prue Boyd was educated at Clyde School, Woodend, Victoria. In 1947 she completed a Bachelor of Laws at the University of Melbourne, and was married to Kenneth Myer that same year. The couple were to have five children: four sons and one daughter, Joanna Baevski (q.v.). Prue Boyd and Kenneth Myer were divorced in 1977.\nA council member of St Hilda's College (University of Melbourne) from 1964 until 1971, Prue obtained her Diploma of Education from Monash University in 1972 and became a tutor at the Council of Education in Melbourne. In 1977 she was appointed as a Director of the Australian Institute of Political Science, and in 1981 was awarded her Master of Laws degree by Monash University.\nA member of the Lyceum Club (Melbourne), Prue Boyd's interests include international affairs - especially Third World development, federalism and the Australian Constitution. She enjoys music, reading, films and theatre.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Anderson, Margaret Irene", "Entry ID": "AWE0436", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anderson-margaret-irene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Margaret Anderson enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service at Dandenong (Victoria) on 19 September 1941.\nOn 12 February 1942, three days before the fall of Singapore, the freighter, Empire Star sailed from Singapore Harbour. The ship which normally had an allocation of space for 20 passengers was carrying over 2100 people. While on route to Batavia the ship came under enemy fire and received three direct hits. During one of the raids two of the Australian nursing staff on board, Sisters Margaret Anderson and Vera Torney, came on deck to attend to the wounded. They protected their patients by covering them with their bodies.\nStaff Nurse Margaret Anderson was awarded the George Medal on 22 September 1942 for her bravery when the ship was attacked by enemy aircraft. Staff Nurse Vera Torney was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Military).\nOn 4 June 1946 Lieutenant Margaret Anderson was discharged from the Australian Army Nursing Service.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anderson-margaret-irene-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twentieth-century-women-of-courage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honours-and-awards-recommendations-for-immediate-award-staff-nurse-margaret-anderson-and-staff-nurse-vera-torney\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Palmer, Helen Gwynneth", "Entry ID": "AWE0443", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Political activist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "The second daughter of Vance and Nettie (n\u00e9e Higgins) Palmer, Helen Palmer spent a year in London after being educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College (Melbourne) where she was dux in 1934. Returning to Melbourne she won a scholarship to the University of Melbourne and graduated with a BA and DipEd in 1939. She later obtained a B.Ed. (1952). From 1940 until 1942 she was a teacher in Victorian State schools.\nHelen Palmer enlisted in the Women's Australian Auxiliary Air Force on 18 February 1942 and during her service worked in the education division. After the war she worked with the Commonwealth Office of Education (Sydney). In 1948 she returned to Melbourne teaching in private schools.\nShe made several trips to China and in 1953 published her observations in An Australian Teacher in China. Through the bi-monthly publication Outlook (1957-1970), Helen Palmer provided a forum for vigorous discussion of all issues which were part of a radical critique of Australian politics and society.\nThe author (with Jessie MacLeod) of First Hundred Years (1954) and After the First Hundred Years (1961), she also authored books on Australian literature, popular culture and history. Helen Palmer was also a prominent poet and balladist and is remembered for 'The Ballard of 1891,' that describes the shearers' strike.\nHelen Palmer died on 6 May 1979.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-palmer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth-1917-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/banjo-paterson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-g-spence-and-the-rise-of-the-trade-unions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-sugar\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/makers-of-the-first-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beneath-the-southern-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/after-the-first-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fencing-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-palmers-outlook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conversation-with-helen-palmer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-two-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-g-palmer-complaint-re-wharf-officials\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/applications-for-positions-by-palmer-helen-gwynneth-miss\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/author-helen-gwynneth-palmer-and-ronald-james-grant-taylor-address-kirribilli-and-melbourne-title-of-work-prisoners-country-type-of-work-dramatic\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/department-of-information-broadcasting-division-talks-by-helen-palmer-sep-1943-transcripts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth-service-number-350207-date-of-birth-09-may-1917-place-of-birth-kew-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-next-of-kin-palmer-vance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-history-1914-18-war-records-of-charles-e-w-bean-official-historian\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-helen-palmer-writer-and-educationalist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-aileen-and-helen-palmer-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-helen-palmer-1918-1996-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-aileen-palmer-1935-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thesis-and-correspondence-1934-1967-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-outdoors-the-director-waaaf-group-officer-clare-stevenson-and-a-waaaf-wing-officer-conversing-with-waaaf-officers-who-conducted-a-four-day-bivouac\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-further-papers-1915-1998\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burchill, Dora (Elizabeth)", "Entry ID": "AWE0448", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burchill-dora-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Historian, Nurse", "Summary": "The daughter of Alholstane Chase and Rosina (n\u00e9e Sherrin), Elizabeth Burchill completed her education at the Camberwell State School and the Ladies Business College, Melbourne, as well as at Melbourne and Monash Universities.\nBefore World War II Burchill worked at the Australian Inland Mission, Innamincka, Labrador, Grenfell Mission, and was a member of the British Ambulance Unit, caring for refugee children during the Spanish Civil War. She enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service on 21 December 1939 and was one of the first nurses from Victoria to go to the Middle East with the 2nd Australian Imperial Force in 1940. After the war she combined nursing with writing - particularly about the area in which she had nursed. Her publications include Australian Nurses since Nightingale: 1860-1990, a largely biographical history published in 1992. \nOn 8 June 1998, Sister Elizabeth Burchill was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for service to nursing, particularly as an historian, author and philanthropist. Also she has won the Jessie Lichfield Annual Award and the Veterans' Affairs Writers Award.\n", "Events": "Bachelor Arts from Monash University (1981 - 1981) \nCaptain for the Australian Army Nursing Service, 2nd AIF (1940 - 1946) \nCertificate in Infant Welfare from the Tweddle Baby Hospital, Melbourne (1933 - 1933) \nCertificate in Midwifery from the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1930 - 1930) \nCertificates in General Nursing from the Prince Henry Hospital, Melbourne (1929 - 1929) \nCharge sister and nursing sister for the Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory (1952 - 1956) \nChief woman announcer at 3SR Radio, Shepparton, Victoria (1946 - 1947) \nFoundation member of the Maroondah Singers (1972 - 1977) \nMember of the British Ambulance Unit, caring for refugee children during the Spanish Civil War (1937 - 1937) \nMember, Fellowship of Australian Writers (1972 - 1976) \nNursing at Labrador (1938 - 1938) \nNursing at the Australian Inland Mission, Innamincka (1930 - 1932) \nNursing at Thursday Island (1958 - 1960) \nNursing in Europe (1965 - 1967) \nNursing in New Guinea (1961 - 1963) \nNursing in United States of America and Canada (1969 - 1971) \nPostgraduate study, diseases of the chest, from the Brompton Hospital, London (1938 - 1938) \nPublication Australian nurses since Nightingale: 1860-1990 (1992 - 1992) \nPublication Innamincka (1960 - 1960) \nPublication Labrador memories (1946 - 1946) \nPublication New Guinea Nurse (1970 - 1970) \nPublication The Paths I've trod (1981 - 1981) \nPublication Thursday Island Nurse (1974 - 1974) \nWinner Short Story Award from the Army Repatriation Project (1975 - 1975)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burchill-dora-elizabeth-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/innamincka\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-paths-ive-trod\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-dedicated-nurse-who-practised-around-the-world\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thursday-island-nurse\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-sister-elizabeth-burchill-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Darling, Margaret Florence", "Entry ID": "AWE0449", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/darling-margaret-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Company director, Servicewoman", "Summary": "The daughter of R G and F H Anderson, Margaret Darling was educated at St Catherine's College Toorak. After serving with the Women's Royal Australian Navy Service from 1943 to 1945, she married L G Darling and they had four children. A member of the Alexandra Club (Melbourne), Margaret Darling enjoys travel, gardening, music and country pursuits. On 10 June 1991, Margaret Darling was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to the National Trust of Victoria.\n", "Events": "Chairman, Australian Garden History Society (1990 - 1999) \nCouncil Member, National Trust Australia (Vic.) (1966 - 1990) \nPatron, Australian Garden History Society (1999 - 1999) \nPresident, National Trust Australia (Vic.) (1980 - 1983) \nServed with the Womens Royal Australian Navy Service, attained rank of Third Officer (1943 - 1945) \nVice-President, National Trust Australia (Vic.) (1983 - 1990)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/darling-margaret-florence-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-florence-darling-am\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marfell, Helena Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE0453", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marfell-helena-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camperdown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Helena Marfell was the inaugural national president of the Country Women's Association of Australia in 1945.\n", "Details": "Marfell was a foundation member of the Warrnambool branch of the Country Women's Association (1931), and twice president of the South-Western Group. She was also a member of the Victorian State Executive, and state president from 1942 until 1945. President of the Women's Section of the Victorian Country Party, Marfell stood unsuccessfully for the federal seat of Wannon during the election in 1949.\nDuring World War II Marfell was senior superintendent of the Warrnambool district for the Red Cross Society. She donated a silver teapot for use when the Country Women's Association served refreshments at the railway tea rooms to recruits leaving Warrnambool.\nOn 1 January 1968 Helena Marfell was appointed an Officer to the Order of the British Empire (Civil) for services to social welfare. She was honoured by being made a Life Governor of the Warrnambool Base Hospital and the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1968 - 1968) \nBorn daughter of Archibald Glen (1898 - ) \nCountry Party candidate for the electorate of Wannon at the Federal election (1949 - 1949) \nHelped found the Warrnambool Branch of the Country Women's Association (1931 - 1931) \nMarried Henry G Marfell, they had two children (1918 - 1918) \nMember of the Corangamite Regional Committee (1946 - 1946) \nMember of the State Broadcasting Committee (1943 - 1943) \nMember of the State Relief Committee (1943 - 1943) \nNational President of the Country Women's Association (1945 - 1946) \nPresident of the South-Western Group of the Country Women's Association (1938 - 1939) \nPresident of the South-Western Group of the Country Women's Association (1942 - 1945) \nPresident of the Women's Section at the Victorian Country Party (1949 - 1950) \nSenior Supertindent of the Red Cross in the Warrnambool district (1939 - 1945) \nState President of the Country Women's Association (1942 - 1945)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia-1945-1969-2003-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Laidlaw, Annie Ina", "Entry ID": "AWE0454", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laidlaw-annie-ina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lake Wallace Station, near Edenhope, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "McKinnon, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Annie Laidlaw devoted her life to nursing and served in both world wars. She completed her nursing training at the Children's Hospital (later Royal), Melbourne. In 1917 Laidlaw joined the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) and served in military hospitals at Bombay and Poona. \nAfter the war Laidlaw returned to the Children's Hospital as ward sister. In 1925 she was granted a year of leave to complete midwifery training at the Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney. Returning to Melbourne, Annie became assistant lady superintendent (assistant-matron) at the Children's Hospital. In 1930 she was promoted to lady superintendent of the hospital's orthopaedic section at Frankston. She held this position for 12 years.\nSelected to head the Royal Australian Naval Nursing Service (RANNS) in 1942 she was in charge of the Flinders Naval Depot hospital as well as being in charge of the RANNS. After her discharge from the navy Laidlaw returned to her position at the Children's Hospital until 1950. \nFrom 1951-52 she worked in London. On her return to Melbourne she took the position of Matron at the Freemason's Homes of Victoria, Prahran until her retirement in 1957. Aged 89, Annie Laidlaw died on 13 September 1978 at McKinnon, Victoria.\n", "Events": "Appointed assistant lady superintendent (assistant-matron) at the Children's Hospital (1926 - 1926) \nBorn: daughter of James Adam and Annie (nee Gilchrist) Laidlaw (1889 - ) \nHome sister at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London (1951 - 1952) \nMember of the Australian Army Nursing Service (1917 - 1919) \nMidwifery training at the Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney (1925 - 1925) \nPromoted from superintending sister to matron (1943 - 1943) \nPromoted to lady superintendent (matron) of the Children's Hospital orthopaedic section at Frankston, Victoria (1930 - 1942) \nResident matron at the Freemasons' Homes of Victoria, Prahran (1953 - 1957) \nRetired and lived in the Returned Sailors', Soldiers' and Airmen's Imperial League of Australia's home for nurses at RSL House, St Kilda (1957 - 1957) \nServed with the Royal Australian Naval Nursing Service (1942 - 1946) \nTrained as a general nurse at the Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic. (1914 - 1917) \nWard sister at the Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic. (1919 - 1925) \nWorked with the orthopaedic division of the Children's Hospital (1946 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laidlaw-annie-ina-1889-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laidlaw-annie-ina-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/world-war-ii-nursing-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laidlaw-annie-ina-date-of-birth-23-jan-1889-place-of-birth-edenhope-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-next-of-kin-glasson-p\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Syer, Ada Corbitt (Mickey)", "Entry ID": "AWE0460", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/syer-ada-corbitt-mickey\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Mickey Syer enlisted at Claremont, Western Australia, in the Australian Army on 6 February 1941. A member of the Australian Army Nursing Service, she was stationed with the 2\/10th Australian General Hospital when captured by the Japanese during the fall of Singapore. Mickey spent three and a half years in Japanese prisoner of war camps in Sumatra.\nDuring October 1945, she returned to Australia and was discharged from the Army on 10 August 1948.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brave-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-war-the-exceptional-life-of-wilma-oram-young-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-nurses-who-were-former-prisoners-of-war-pows-ob-board-the-hospital-ship-manunda-on-its-arrival-in-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Daley, Henrietta (Jessie) Shaw", "Entry ID": "AWE0465", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daley-henrietta-jessie-shaw\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mosman, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "After moving to Canberra with her family in 1926, Jessie Daley became involved with a variety of community associations. She joined the Canberra Society of Arts and Literature, was the first President of the Canberra Ladies' Choir, became a member (later President) of the Canberra Golf Club Associates as well as being a member of the Canberra Women's Hockey Club and school associations.\nIn 1930 Daley became President of the local Girl Guides' association and was district commissioner (1931-1932).\nA member of the Canberra Mothercraft Society, Daley was Vice-President from 1930 until March 1935 when she became President. It was at a difficult time for the society with board disharmony and staffing problems. She resigned as President in May 1935 and was not re-elected.\nDaley became a member of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), using her expertise to organise social, sporting and cultural activities as a welcome for newcomers to the city and to raise funds for charity. In 1937 she became Vice-President of the YWCA's Canberra branch and a non-resident member of the national board.\nOn 4 July 1939 Daley was elected Foundation President of the Australian Capital Territory branch of the National Council of Women. The Council worked with the Canberra Relief Society to assist the needy.\nJessie Daley died of cancer on 10 November 1943 at Mosman.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothering-years-the-story-of-the-canberra-mothercraft-society-1926-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daley-henrietta-jessie-shaw-1890-1943\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dynon, Moira Lenore", "Entry ID": "AWE0467", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dynon-moira-lenore\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Scientist, Servicewoman, Welfare worker", "Summary": "The eldest daughter of medical practitioner, Percy and Lily (n\u00e9e Johnston) Shelton, Moira Dynon was educated at Presentation Convent, Elsternwick, Loreto Convent, Toorak and the University of Melbourne. After graduating with a Bachelor of Science in 1941, Dynon was commissioned in the Women's Australian Auxiliary Air Force and assisted Wing Commander R J W Le Fevre with chemical warfare munitions. Following her discharge she became a research officer with the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories and later with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.\nOn 2 December 1950 she married John Dynon and they had five children. At this stage Dynon became involved with community organisations. These included the Catholic Mothers' Club Federation, the Catholic Women's Social Guild and the Australian Council of Catholic Women. In 1952 the Dynons established the Malvern branch of the United Nations Australia Association, Victorian division. In 1960 she initiated and ran an appeal to provide secondary education for Japanese children of returned Australian servicemen. Moira Dynon became chairman of the Aid for India and president of its successor Aid India. She also helped with famine-relief campaigns in Bengal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.\n", "Events": "Appointed female officer on the staff council at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1948 - 1948) \nChairman of the Aid India Campaign (1964 - 1964) \nCommissioned in the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (1942 - 1942) \nDischarged from Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (1946 - 1946) \nEstablished and foundation president of the Federation of Loreto Old Girls' Associations (1954 - 1955) \nGraduated from the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Science (1942 - 1942) \nMarried barrister and solicitor John Francis Dynon at Xavier College, Kew (1950 - 1950) \nMember of the executive committee for the Catholic Women's Social Guild (1962 - 1968) \nMember of the National executive committee of the A J Ferguson Memorial Appeal for Care of Australian-Japanese Children in Japan (1963 - 1965) \nNational President of the Aid India Campaign (1967 - 1967) \nPosted to the Directorate of Armament (1943 - 1943) \nPresident of the Italo-Australian Welfare Association Women's Division (1961 - 1967) \nPromoted to flight officer (1944 - 1944) \nPromoted to section officer (1943 - 1943) \nReceived the Knight Order of Star of Italian Solidarity (1967 - 1967) \nResearch officer (Antibiotics) with the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Victoria (1946 - 1947) \nSection chairman of the UNESCO Seminar \"Human Rights\" at Madras (1969 - 1969) \nTrustee of the National Fund of the A J Ferguson Memorial Appeal for Care of Australian-Japanese Children in Japan (1965 - 1965) \nVice-president of the Australian Council of Catholic Women (1968 - 1968) \nVice-president of the Catholic Mothers' Clubs' Federation (1958 - 1959) \nVice-president of the Catholic Women's Social Guild (1966 - 1968) \nWorked with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1947 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shelton-moira-lenore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dynon-moira-lenore-1920-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shelton-moira-lenore-service-number-104057-date-of-birth-04-sep-1920-place-of-birth-unknown-place-of-enlistment-unknown-next-of-kin-shelton-percy\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moss, Alice Frances Mabel (May)", "Entry ID": "AWE0492", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moss-alice-frances-mabel-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare worker, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Over the course of her life Alice Moss worked with a number of women's organisations, as well as various education, child welfare and Red Cross societies. Educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, she married I H Moss in 1887 (deceased 1938) and they had two daughters. In 1914 she relinquished her position as vice-president of the Australian Women's National League to become the only female member of the Victorian recruiting committee for the Armed Services. Later she became the only woman member of the Victorian Centenary Celebrations executive committee (1933-1934). At the same time she was president of the Women's Centenary Council of Victoria as well as being the first president of the National Council of Women (1931-1936). On 4 June 1934 she was appointed Commander of the British Empire.\n", "Details": "Alice Frances Mabel (May) Moss was the first elected president of the National Council of Women of Australia from 1931-36, her leadership qualities serving to establish the new organisation on firm foundations during a time of political and economic crisis. She was a member of the National Council of Women of Victoria from 1904. Though associated with the politically conservative Australian Women's National League, she was a committed campaigner for the rights of women.\nDuring much of her life, May worked with various local education, child welfare and women's organisations but also played a leading part in the international outreach of Australian women as a government-appointed alternate delegate to the League of Nations in 1927, where she was the first woman to sit on a finance committee, and as the Federal Council of the NCWs of Australia representative to the International Council of Women executive meeting in the same year.\nIn 1934, she chaired Victoria's Women's Centenary Council and in the same year was appointed CBE as well as being awarded the NCWV gold badge for distinguished service.\nMay Moss played a significant role in the women's movement in Australia between the First and Second World Wars. She was born on 27 April 1869 at Ballarat, Victoria, the daughter of English-born John Alfred Wilson, a sharebroker and later a licensed victualler, and his Scottish wife Martha Brown, n\u00e9e Lamb. She was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College, East Melbourne, and at the Sorbonne in Paris. Aged just 18, she married Isidore Henry Moss, a grazier (d. 1938) in a civil ceremony in Melbourne on 10 March 1887. They lived on a sheep station, Dandeloo, in New South Wales for thirteen years until a very bad drought caused them to leave their property and return to the home they had retained in East Melbourne where Isidore Moss became a wool classer.\nWhile her two daughters were young, May began work promoting the rights of women. While vice-president of the conservative Australian Women's National League from 1906, she campaigned for female suffrage in Victoria, a cause the League as a whole did not enthusiastically embrace. In 1914, on the outbreak of the Great War, she relinquished office in the AWNL in order to become the (then) only female member of the Victorian recruiting committee for the armed services.\nAs a member of the National Council of Women of Victoria from 1904, May Moss took a special interest in the plight of small children and the education of girls. In 1923, she prepared a report for NCW (Victoria) 'on the need for stricter control of street trading by juveniles', and she urged the government to raise the school leaving age to 15 and to make more opportunities available for girls in technical education. Other issues she took up were equal pay for female teachers, the evil of white slave trafficking, and opportunities for girls to work on the railway stations, trams, cabs and other vehicles.\nIn 1927, Moss was appointed by the Australian government as the alternate delegate to the Assembly of the League of Nations in Geneva where she was the first female member of the finance committee and also served on other committees. Her fluency in French and German no doubt facilitated her League work, as well as her participation in the International Council of Women. She was also Australian delegate to the first World Population Conference at Geneva and the first Women's Peace Study Conference at Amsterdam, Holland. After attending an executive meeting in Paris of the League of Nations Union, she returned to become vice-president of its Victorian branch in 1928.\nWhile in Europe in 1927, Moss represented the Australian National Councils of Women at the International Council of Women executive meeting at Geneva. The following year, she was elected a vice-president of ICW, a position she held until her death. In 1930, as an Australian delegate, she attended the ICW congress in Vienna and the Codification of International Law Conference in The Hague. Among other things, this conference considered the problem of the nationality of married women, a matter of justice that was of particular concern to women's organisations around the world.\nAfter many years of service on the NCWV executive, Moss was elected state president from 1928 to 1938. She also served as the first elected president of the National Council of Women of Australia from 1931 to 1936. Her period of office was one of consolidation for the new body, including the admission of the WA Council in mid-1932 and NCWA's decision in 1934 to become a full member of both the Australian Women's Co-operating Committee of women's national organisations with international affiliation and the Pan-Pacific Women's Committee. She also actively canvassed the Australian government on behalf of the NCWA on the issues of a uniform federal marriage law, full nationality rights for married women and the right of married women to work.\nIn 1934, May Moss became the only female member of the Victorian Centenary Celebrations executive committee. On her appointment, she called a meeting of presidents of all women's organisations. These women formed the Women's Centenary Council and Moss was elected president. After broad consultation among the constituent organisations, the women's committee decided to mark the state's centenary by holding an international conference of women (Citizenship: Its Opportunities and Responsibilities), and establishing the Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden in Melbourne's Domain Gardens. Opened in 1935, the garden remains a site for acknowledging the significance of women in Victoria's history. Under the sundial were placed hundreds of sheets of remembrance signed by thousands of women, men and children. Under Moss's leadership, the Women's Centenary Council also produced a Book of Remembrance containing records of around 1200 early women settlers and a Centenary Gift Book (edited by Frances Fraser and Nettie Palmer and featuring articles on the part played by women in public life). In recognition of her community contribution, Moss was appointed Commander of the British Empire on 4 June 1934 and, in the same year, was awarded the gold badge of the Victorian NCW for distinguished service.\nAs war loomed in 1939, Mrs Moss approached the state government to discover how women could best be organised to assist but was rebuffed. Refusing to be discouraged, NCWV took the initiative to set up a register for women who agreed to be available for wartime emergency services. They formed a Comforts Fund and a Red Cross Society branch, of which Mrs Moss was elected president.\nActively interested in other community organisations such as the (Royal) Women's Hospital, the Collingwood Cr\u00e8che and the Free Kindergarten movement, Mrs Moss also served on the board of management of the City Newsboys' Society from 1906 to 1948 and was the first woman lay-member of the National Health and Medical Research Council from 1936 to 1945. May Moss was widely recognised for her distinguished contribution to the community, as well as for her dignity, charm and grace. As her biographer, Ada Norris, noted, she was always quick to praise the work of other people: 'I like to give a rose to someone who can smell it'. Like many women of her class, she enjoyed playing bridge and her bridge parties became a significant source of income for the NCWV in the late 1930s and war years. A member of the International and Lyceum clubs, she was also interested in the theatre, painting and woodcarving. She died in East Melbourne on 18 July 1948, aged 79.\nPrepared by: Jan Hipgrave, Marian Quartly and Judith Smart\n", "Events": "1st President of the National Council of Women of Australia (1931 - 1936) \nAccredited delegate for the Conference on Nationality of Married Women at The Hague (1930 - 1930) \nAccredited delegate to the Conference of International Council of Women in Geneva (1927 - 1927) \nAlternate Delegate to the League of Nations Assembly in Geneva (1927 - 1927) \nAppointed by the Commonwealth Government as a Lay Member to the National Health and Medical Research Council (1936 - 1945) \nAustralian delegate to the first Women's Peace Study Conference in Amsterdam (1927 - 1927) \nAustralian delegate to the first World Population Conference in Geneva (1927 - 1927) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2008 - 2008) \nInternational Council of Women (1928 - 1948) \nMarried I H Moss (1887 - 1887) \nMember of the Board of Management City Newsboys' Society (1906 - 1906) \nMember of the Executive for the League of Nations Union in Paris (1927 - 1927) \nMember of the Victorian Centenary Celebrations Council and Executive Committee (1933 - 1934) \nPresident of the National Council of Woman of Victoria (1928 - 1938) \nPresident of the Women's Centenary Council of Victoria (1933 - 1934) \nVice-President of the League of Nations Union of Victoria (1928 - 1928) \nVictorian delegate to the Congress of the International Council of Women in Vienna (1930 - 1930)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moss-alice-frances-mabel-1869-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moss-alice-frances-mabel-1868-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champions-of-the-impossible-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-honour-roll-of-women-2008-inspirational-women-from-all-walks-of-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/extraordinary-women-mrs-i-h-moss-cbe-inaugural-president-ncwa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1904-1960-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "White, Jessie McHardie", "Entry ID": "AWE0493", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-jessie-mchardie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yarra Flats (Yering), Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Servicewoman", "Summary": "After her husband's death in 1896 Jessie White commenced general nursing training at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Victoria. She completed her midwifery training at the Women's Hospital (later Royal) in 1901. Five years later she was in charge and running her own private hospital as well as serving as a reservist in the Australian Army Nursing Service.\nWhen war broke out in 1914, she enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service, rising through the ranks to be appointed Principal Matron of the Australian Army Nursing Service in December 1915.\n", "Details": "After her husband's death in 1896 Jessie White commenced her four year general training at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. She completed her midwifery training at the Women's Hospital (later Royal) in 1901. Five years later she was in charge and running her own private hospital as well as serving as a reservist in the Australian Army Nursing Service.\nAt the outbreak of World War I White enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service. In October 1914 she travelled with the first convoy to Egypt where she was attached to a British Hospital. During the Dardanelles campaign she worked on a hospital ship which carried patients from Gallipoli to the hospitals on Lemnos Island. In December 1915 White was transferred to England where under the re-organization of the Australian Army Medical Corps she was appointed Principal Matron of the Australian Army Nursing Service. On 3 June 1916 White was awarded the Royal Red Cross (1st class) for her services. Due to personal reasons she resigned from the Service and returned to Australia.\nOn 5 June 1917 White rejoined the Service and departed for Salonika where she was given the task of staffing four British general hospitals. While ministering to the sick and wounded soldiers the nurses had to contend with terrible living conditions, the extremities in temperatures, fire, snow, mud, malaria, dysentery, typhus, flies, lice, lack of food supplies, marauders and friction from the British medicos.\nIn recognition of her service White was mentioned in despatches, awarded the Greek Medal for Military Merit, the Serbian Order of the St Sava and on 7 June 1918 she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire.\nShe returned to nursing in civilian life in August 1919 and continued working until she was in her 70s. White was active in the Returned Nurses Association especially the Salonika Sister's Group of which she was President for 25 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-shire-of-lilydale-and-its-military-heritage-the-first-world-war-and-its-effect-on-the-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nightingales-in-the-mud-the-digger-sisters-of-the-great-war-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Utting, Margaret (Peg) Vivian Moile", "Entry ID": "AWE0495", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/utting-margaret-peg-vivian-moile\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nyah West, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "On 15 March 1941 Peg Cockburn (later Utting) was one of 'The Original Mob' who enrolled in the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) at the No 1 RAAF Recruit Centre. After completing a 'rookie training' course she was employed as a teleprinter operator and trainer during World War II. Peg Utting was one of the servicewomen that the WAAAF used for recruiting photographs.\n", "Details": "Following the war Peg Utting settled with her husband, Mac, in Black Rock, Victoria, and there they raised their two sons. She became involved in the local community becoming treasurer of the kindergarten and helped at the state school. Besides working clerical positions on either a casual or part-time basis, Utting joined the Southern Golf Club and was president of the Lady Associates. After being contacted by a previously unknown relative she became involved in recording her family history. A member of the Genealogical Society of Victoria she also joined the Sandringham & District Historical Society of which she was secretary for six years. On 7 March 2002 Utting was awarded an Honorary Life Membership for her contribution to the Historical Society. She self-published Their Life Their Legacy, a family history of her paternal side, in 2002.\nPeg Utting, who joined the Women's Air Training Corps when she was 18, states that patriotism and a desire to do what all other young people were doing led her to enrolling in the WAAAF. Through the Service, Utting met a range of people and has maintained lifelong friendships with many especially those from 'The Original Mob'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/introducing-the-w-a-a-a-f-an-account-of-australias-first-womens-auxiliary-air-force\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waaaf-mob-well-met-again\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/007-notches-up-a-golden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/utting-margaret-vivian-moile\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-veterans-honoured\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-way-we-were\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-margaret-utting\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brookes, Ivy", "Entry ID": "AWE0514", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brookes-ivy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocate, Community worker, Musician, Philanthropist, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "The daughter of former Prime Minister Alfred Deakin, and wife of public official Herbert Brookes, Ivy Brookes played an active part in Australian political life. She occupied a central role in the National Council of Women; the Housewives' Association; the International Club of Victoria; the Women's Hospital; and in various boards and committees at the University of Melbourne. A talented musician, she won the Ormond Scholarship for singing in 1904, and played first violin for Professor Marshall Hall's Orchestra at the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music.\n", "Details": "Back home from the United States in 1931, the 'clever, attractive, Titian-headed' Mrs Brookes, auburn hair swept across her forehead and a posy pinned to her lapel, was profiled by the Dominion. The strong features and somewhat sombre expression belied a 'fluent speaker' who was 'brimming with a keen sense of fun', and the author couldn't help but note 'what a great help she must be to her clever husband, a woman with brains, charm, and filled with the desire to help everything in need - nothing could be more suited for the wife of a trade diplomat'.\nIvy Brookes was the eldest daughter of Alfred and Pattie Deakin. Her husband, Herbert, was secretary of Austral Otis, later Chairman of the Chamber of Manufactures, and served on the Commonwealth Board of Trade. He was appointed Commissioner-General for Australia in the United States from 1923 to 1930, and was Chairman of the Australian Broadcasting Commission. Ivy was involved in charitable work from an early age. Her mother, Pattie, gave much of her own time and energy to child welfare services and to charities for Australian servicemen and, like Ivy, took part in the kindergarten and playgrounds movements. When Ivy returned in January 1931 from that fifteen-month stay in the United States, she reported to the National Council of Women and the Children's Welfare Association on her extensive investigation of child welfare services there.\nIvy's particular passion, though, was for music. She relinquished the Ormond Scholarship at the University's Faculty of Music upon her marriage to Herbert in 1905, but continued to support the Faculty, serving as a council member from 1926 to 1969. Described by Professor Bernard Heinze as the 'fairy godmother' of the Conservatorium of Music, Ivy was responsible, with Herbert, for financing a new wing there in memory of Marshall Hall in 1935. Alongside Sidney Myer, Keith Murdoch and Norman Brookes, both Ivy and Herbert were members of the Orchestra Advisory Committee which was convened in 1933 in order to oversee the amalgamation of the Marshall Hall Orchestra and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. Ivy was also a member of the Lady Northcote Permanent Orchestra Trust Fund, and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra ladies' committee. In 1924 she was credited by Sir James Barrett, Chancellor of the University of Melbourne, with having increased the funds of the Lady Northcote orchestra from \u00a34,000 to \u00a310,000. An article in the Australian in 1928 claimed that 'Mr and Mrs Brookes have shown their practical sympathy with musicians who are finding it not an easy matter to get their feet on the ladder of fame, just as their collection of the works of Australian artists is testimony to their practical patronage of another field of art'.\nIn addition to supporting music and the arts, Ivy and Herbert Brookes were strong supporters of the University of Melbourne, and of intellectual life in general. Ivy was a member of the Board of Studies in Physical Education at the university for thirty years, and a member of the Board of Social Studies for over twenty-five years. She was involved with the women's auxiliary for International House, a residential college. Herbert was a representative of donors to Trinity College. Indeed, the Brookes home in South Yarra, Winwick, was described by Trinity's warden, Alexander Leeper, as 'the chief intellectual power house in Melbourne'. There Ivy and Herbert held the musical and literary activities of their T.E. Brown Society. In 1928, Ivy hosted a visit from Miss Royden of England, the 'world-famous woman preacher' who edited The Common Cause, the official organ of British women suffragists.\nIvy took an active part in social and political life. She joined the League of Nations Union and the National and International Councils of Women. She was founder of the International Club of Victoria in 1933, serving as president until 1958. She was a member of the Women Justices' Association, and of the Playgrounds' and Housewives' Associations of Victoria. She served on the board of the Women's Hospital for a monumental fifty years. Between 1931 and 1961, Ivy served as Director of the Bureau of Social and International Affairs. She was honorary secretary of the women's section of the Commonwealth Liberal Party until the National Federation formed to incorporate all sections, at which point she concluded that the new organisation did not give fair representation to women.\nIvy Brookes was involved with just about every voluntary organisation open to her. An overview of her activities paints a valuable portrait of the times. It is illustrative, in particular, of a leaning toward American influences, a shift in philanthropic priorities, and a strengthening independence in women's philanthropy.\n", "Events": "Commonwealth member of the Import Licensing Committee (1952 - 1960) \nDirector of the Bureau of Social and International Affairs (1931 - 1961) \nExecutive member of the Lady Northcote Permanent Orchestra Trust Fund (1908 - 1960) \nFirst violin with Professor Marshall Hall's Orchestra (1903 - 1915) \nFoundation member of the Board of Studies in Physical Education at the University of Melbourne (1938 - 1970) \nFoundation member of the Board of Studies in Social Studies at the University of Melbourne (1941 - 1967) \nFounded the Housewives' Co-operative Association of Victoria (1915 - 1915) \nFounder and president of the International Club of Victoria (1933 - 1958) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nPresident of the National Council of Women of Australia (1948 - 1952) \nPresident of the National Council of Women of Victoria (1939 - 1945) \nPresident of the Playgrounds & Recreation Association of Victoria (1944 - 1970) \nPresident of the Royal Women's Hospital Board (1927 - 1929) \nPresident of the Royal Women's Hospital Board (1934 - 1938) \nVice-president of the United Nations Association of Victoria (1945 - 1963) \nWinner of the Ormond Scholarship for Singing (1904 - 1904)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brookes-ivy-1883-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ivy-brookes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/resume-of-the-second-conference-womens-division\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nation-builders-great-lives-and-stories-from-st-kilda-general-cemetery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mission-to-the-home-the-housewives-association-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-and-protestant-christianity-1920-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-early-years-of-the-housewives-association-of-victoria-1915-1930\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portraits-in-cameo-mrs-herbert-brookes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champions-of-the-impossible-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-politics-of-consumption-the-housewives-associations-in-southeastern-australia-before-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-honour-roll-of-women-list-of-inductees-2001-to-2011\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alexander-gore-gowrie-1835-1987-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1967-oct-26-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alfred-deakin-1804-1973-bulk-1880-1919-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-herbert-and-ivy-brookes-1869-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1936-1972-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crittenden, Jean Hilda", "Entry ID": "AWE0516", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crittenden-jean-hilda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nhill, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Jean Crittenden began nursing in 1937 as a Bush Nursing Sister. Crittenden then served with the Australian Army Nursing Service between 1940 and 1946. Assistant Matron at the Repatriation General Hospital in Heidelberg from 1946 to 1955, she then became matron of Queensland's Anzac Hostel and the Kenmore Sanatorium. Following this, from 1958 until 1971, Crittenden was Matron of the Repatriation General Hospital in Hobart from 1958 to 1971. In 1966, she received the honour of being appointed a Member to the Order of the British Empire.\n", "Events": "Appointed Member to the Order of the British Empire (1966 - 1966) \nAssistant matron with the Repatriation General Hospital, Heidelberg (1946 - 1955) \nBush Nursing Sister (1937 - 1939) \nMatron of the Anzac Hostel, Queensland and the Kenmore Sanatorium, Queensland (1955 - 1958) \nMatron of the Repatriation General Hospital, Hobart (1958 - 1971) \nServed with the Australian Army Nursing Service (1940 - 1946)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crittenden-jean-hilda-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Perkins, Jessie May", "Entry ID": "AWE0517", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perkins-jessie-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Major Jessie Perkins MBE, RFD, ED (Retd) was the first Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) Citizen Military Forces (CMF) member to be awarded an MBE. She was appointed a Member (Military) to the Order of the British Empire on 13 June 1970, for her services to the WRAAC.\n", "Details": "Before joining the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) on 10 December 1943, Jessie Perkins worked with the Public Service. In the Army she mainly served with the Land Headquarters (LHQ) Australian Army Service Corps School (AASC) until December 1945, she then transferred to the Master General of the Ordnance Branch, Design Division - which was responsible for the experimentation and testing of all army equipment - until her discharge on January 1947 with the rank of Sergeant.\nFollowing her discharge Perkins worked for the Department of Labour and National Service. She then worked as a secretary to a building and plumbing supplies firm, before working part-time with a secretarial agency while she cared for her mother.\nDuring the mid-1960s Perkins commenced a secretarial\/bookkeeping position with the St Kilda Football Club. She retired after 16 years with the Club and was appointed an Honorary Life Member. Perkins then established a bookkeeping service and worked for a series of small firms.\nOn the raising of the WRAAC CMF - later A Reserve, Jessie Perkins enlisted with the first intake on 21 July 1953 as a Private. In February 1955 she was one of the first CMF officers who were appointed from the ranks and she was attached to a CMF signals unit. Following the transfer of Captain Margaret Phillips, the first Officer-in-Charge (OC), and eight other ranks to the Regular Army, Captain Jessie Perkins became OC on 24 October 1957, the first reserve officer to hold the position. She was OC WRAAC Coy for 12 years before serving at Headquarters 3 Division. Perkins served for 25 years rising to the rank of Major (1961) before being discharged on 21 September 1978.\nOn 13 June 1970 Perkins was appointed MBE (MIL) and later awarded the Reserve Forces Decoration (RFD) and Efficiency Decoration (ED) with 1st Clasp.\nJessie Perkins was the Patron of the WRAAC Reserve Association (Vic.) until her death in 2010. She was president of the Association for 17 years. She was also treasurer and public officer of the Council of Ex-Servicewomens' Associations (Vic.) Inc., treasurer and public officer of the Royal Australian Signals Association and volunteer, with her sister, of Meals on Wheels for MECWA Community Care (retired after 15 years with the Opportunity Shop, where she was also treasurer). Perkins' involvement with the church included being Vicar's Warden - Parish Council, server, sidesperson, reader and a member of the Sanctuary Guild. Since 2001 Perkins was president and treasurer of the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) Association (Victoria) Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-of-the-queen-women-in-the-australian-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Oke, Marjorie (Marj) Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0531", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oke-marjorie-marj-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Political candidate", "Summary": "Marj Oke's first job was as a teacher in a one-room school. Upon her marriage in 1942, as was the policy of the time, she was suspended from teaching. Working at the Australian Jam Company, she encountered very poor working conditions. This experience propelled her to join the Food Preservers' Union and become active in the Australian Labor Party. She stood as a candidate for the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of St Kilda under her maiden name, Bennett, at the Victorian state election, which was held in 1943. In 1950, Oke became a founding and lifelong member of the Union of Australian Women. After returning to teaching in Moe, she campaigned for equal pay for women teachers, the abolition of the marriage bar and access to superannuation. Additionally, Oke formed a branch of the Aboriginal Advancement League and became, in 1992, a founding member of the Network for Older Women. On 10 June 1991 she was awarded an OAM (Medal of the Order of Australia) for service to aged people, particularly women. Oke was included in the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in March 2002.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marj-oke-tribute-to-a-foundation-member\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-life-swimming-hard-for-political-equality\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-decade-of-mary-owen-dinners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oke-marjorie-1911-2003\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beadle, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0552", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beadle-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Clunes, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "West Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Social worker", "Summary": "After being exposed to 'sweated labour' conditions while working in the Melbourne clothing industry during the 1880s, Jean Beadle was inspired to dedicate her life to the betterment of conditions for women and children. Known as the 'The Grand Old Lady of the Labor Party,' she was a founding member of the Women's Political and Social Crusade and the Labor Women's Organization in Victoria (1898), Fremantle (1905) and Goldfields (1906). She was also a delegate to the Eastern Goldfields District Council of the State Australian Labor Party. Beadle was one of the first women appointed as a Justice of the Peace in Western Australia, sitting for many years on the Married Women's Court. She was later appointed to serve as an honorary Justice on the bench of the Children's Courts. An official visitor to the women's section of the Fremantle Prison, Beadle also was instrumental in the building of the King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women. She was secretary, of the King Edward Memorial Hospital Advisory Board, from 1921 until her death. In recognition of her dedicated service the hospital annually awards a Jean Beadle scholarship.\n", "Details": "Jane (Jean) Beadle was born on 1 January 1868 at Clunes in Victoria. She was a miner's daughter. In Melbourne as a young woman she began her life-long activism for labour and progressive causes. She married iron moulder Henry Beadle on 19 May 1888 and had three children as she continued her political and industrial work. In 1901 the family decided to migrate to Western Australia to 'make some money'.\nJean organised the Women's Labor League in 1905 at the port of Fremantle where she initially lived. When the family moved to Boulder in 1906, she formed the Eastern Goldfields Women's Labor League, with meetings held alternately in Boulder and Kalgoorlie. Prejudice was strong in some quarters, the Sun newspaper labelling the meetings a 'convention of cackle'. She knew that, if women were to play an equal role in the life of the labour movement, they had to be active in both political and industrial labour. And she had no time for the notion of women's frailty, insisting that 'sometimes, it's the man who's the clinging vine'.\nAs well as promoting labour causes, Jean and the League campaigned for a maternity ward at the Boulder Hospital, the registration of nurses and a foundling home for abandoned babies. She organised the goldfields shop assistants to fight for better pay and conditions (chiefly shorter hours).\nShe spoke at public meetings, organised fundraisers for strikers' families, ran public lectures, travelled around the goldfields' towns to establish League branches and represented the League on many labour bodies.\nJean Beadle was a Labor leader, a fluent public speaker, excellent organiser and committed reformer and socialist. It was essential, she believed, to meet 'the real needs of the people' and to stop 'the waste of human life, of human abilities and capacities'.\nWhen she left the goldfields in 1914 she donated her presentation purse of sovereigns to striking woodcutters.\nIn Perth she became chairperson of the Labor Women's Club, campaigning on issues including peace, disarmament, women's health, education, maternity allowances, pensions and child endowment. She was a committed anti-conscriptionist during World War I. She joined the State Executive of the Labor Party in the mid-1920s.\nShe was a special magistrate on the Children's Court and a foundation member of the Women Justices' Association. She was active in the establishment of the King Edward Memorial Hospital. For many years she was an official visitor to the women's section of Fremantle Prison. In the 1920s she was vice-president of the Workers' Educational Association. During the Depression, she served as treasurer to the West Perth Relief Committee.\nIt was a lifetime of Labor activism.\nShe died on 22 May 1942, aged 74.\n", "Events": "Founding member of the first Labor Women's Organization in Australia (1898 - 1898) \nFounding member of the first Western Australian Women's Political and Social Crusade (later the Women's Labor League) at Fremantle (1905 - 1905) \nFounding president of the Goldfields Women's Labor League (1906 - 1911) \nHonorary justice on the Children's Court Bench (1915 - 1929) \nInvited by the Labor Women's Organisation to stand for Labor pre-selection for the Senate (unsuccessful) (1931 - 1931) \nJean with her husband, Harry, and family move to Western Australia (1901 - 1901) \nJustice of the Peace (1919 - 1942) \nOrganized a Victorian relief committee for the Broken Hill strikers (1892 - 1892) \nPresided over the second Labor Women's conference (1927 - 1927) \nPresident of the first Labor Women's Conference (1912 - 1912) \nPresident of the Perth Women's Branch of the Australian Labor Party (1930 - 1935) \nPresident of the Women Justices' Association (1930 - 1938) \nSecretary of the King Edward Memorial Hospital Advisory Board (1921 - 1942) \nVice-president of Women's Political and Social Crusade (1898 - 1901)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beadle-jane-1868-1942\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-truly-great-australian-woman-jean-beadles-work-among-western-australian-women-and-children-1901-1942\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-thick-of-every-battle-for-the-cause-of-labor-the-voluntary-work-of-the-labor-womens-organisations-in-western-australia-1900-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/potential-inefficients-at-best-criminal-at-worst-the-girl-problem-and-juvenile-delinquency-in-western-australia-1907-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uphill-all-the-way-a-documentary-history-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-women-political-housekeepers-or-politicians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminism-an-early-tradition-amongst-western-australian-labor-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminism-in-labor-womens-organisations-1905-to-1917\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-labour-womens-power-women-in-the-western-australian-labour-movement-from-the-early-1900s-to-the-depression\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-beadle-a-life-of-labor-activism\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1899-1962-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blackburn, Doris Amelia", "Entry ID": "AWE0554", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackburn-doris-amelia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Auburn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Coburg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Peace activist", "Summary": "The second woman member of the House of Representatives, Doris Blackburn successfully won her late husband's Federal seat of Bourke as an Independent Labor candidate in 1946. In an electoral redistribution the seat of Bourke was abolished and Blackburn contested the new seat of Wills at the 1949 and 1951 elections, but was unsuccessful on both occasions.\nShe was involved in the Free Kindergarten movement and numerous campaigns for better education, playgrounds and cr\u00e8ches. Blackburn was a member of the Women's Political Association in Victoria, the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Women's Prison Council and the Save the Children Fund. In 1957, with Doug Nicholls, she was a co-founder of the Aboriginal Advancement League and the Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement.\n", "Events": "Acted as campaign secretary for Vida Goldstein (1913 - 1913) \nAttended her first meeting of the Women's Political Association (1911 - 1911) \nCo-founded the Aboriginal Advancement League with Doug Nicholls (1957 - 1957) \nMarried Maurice McCrae Blackburn (died 1944), they were to have 2 sons and a daughter (1914 - 1914) \nMember House of Representatives (Independent) for Bourke, Victoria (1946 - 1950) \nPresident of the Council for Civil Liberties (1948 - 1948) \nTravelled overseas as an emissary of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1952 - 1952) \nWith her husband she was an anti-conscription campaigner (1916 - 1917)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackburn-doris\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doris-blackburn-mhr-radical-representative\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackburn-doris-amelia-1889-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-andrews-interviewed-by-peter-read-in-the-peter-read-collection-of-interviews-conducted-for-his-book-entitled-charles-perkins-a-biography-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bage, Jessie Eleanor", "Entry ID": "AWE0557", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-jessie-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) worker, Welfare worker", "Summary": "In 1935 Jessie Bage became the first woman appointed to the Royal Melbourne Hospital Management committee. Educated at Melbourne Church of England Girls Grammar School Bage was a member of the school council. Jessie Bage House, which accommodates Year 12 students boarding at the school, is named in her honour. For her service with a number of social welfare associations Jessie Bage was appointed an Officer to the Order of the British Empire on 2 January 1956.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer to the Order of the British Empire (1956 - 1956) \nCouncil member of the Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School (1928 - 1975) \nHonorary secretary of the Royal Melbourne Hospital Auxiliary (1921 - 1934) \nMember of the Committee of Management at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (1935 - 1975) \nServed with the Military Voluntary Aid Detachment in English and French Hospitals during World War I (1916 - 1920)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Austral, Florence Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0558", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austral-florence-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Opera singer", "Summary": "Born Mary Wilson at Richmond, Victoria, she was also known by her stepfather's name, Fawaz, before adopting the name of her country as a stage name prior to her debut in 1922 at Covent Garden. Known as one of the world's greatest Wagnerian sopranos Florence Austral married the Australian virtuoso flautist John Amadio in 1925 and toured widely with him in America and Australia. After the Second World War she returned to Australia almost completely paralysed with multiple sclerosis. She nevertheless taught until her retirement in 1959. Austral died at a nursing home in Newcastle on 16 May 1968.\n", "Events": "Adopted the professional name of Florence Austral (1921 - 1921) \nAfter a farewell concert she left to study Italian opera in New York (1919 - 1919) \nAppeared at Albert Hall during a Sunday concert (1921 - 1921) \nAppeared for benefit concerts during the Second World War (1939 - 1945) \nAppeared with Dame Nellie Melba (1923 - 1923) \nAustral and Amadio returned to Australia for a season of concerts in capital cities and large country towns (1934 - 1935) \nAustral returned to Australia (1946 - 1946) \nAustral returned to London (1936 - 1936) \nDebuted as Brunnhilde in Die Walkure at Covent Garden under the auspices of the British National Opera Company (1922 - 1922) \nGave a concert in Melbourne, Australia (1930 - 1930) \nGave a concert in Sydney, Australia (1930 - 1930) \nJoined Berlin State Opera as principal (1930 - 1930) \nMarried John Amadio at Hapstead, London (1925 - 1925) \nTeaching with the Newcastle branch of the New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music (1954 - 1959) \nToured Holland (1931 - 1931) \nToured Holland (1933 - 1934) \nToured North America (1925 - 1925) \nToured North America (1931 - 1932) \nToured North America (1932 - 1933) \nWon an entrance exhibition to the University Conservatorium (1917 - 1917) \nWon first prize in the mezzo-soprano section and second prize in two others at the South Street competitions, Ballarat, Victoria (1913 - 1913)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austral-florence-australian-soprano-1894-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-austral-one-of-the-wonder-voices-of-the-world\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-austral-one-of-the-wonder-voices-of-the-world-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austral-florence-mary-1892-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/when-austral-sang-the-biography-of-florence-austral\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-melba-memorial-conservatorium-of-music\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Castles, Amy Eliza", "Entry ID": "AWE0559", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/castles-amy-eliza\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Opera singer", "Summary": "Born into a musical family, soprano Amy Castles made her Melbourne, Victoria, debut at the annual meeting of the Austral Salon in 1899. She studied in Paris with Madame Marchesi and then Jacques Bouhy before appearing with Ada Crossley and Clara Butt at St James's Hall, London in 1901. After completing further study Castles sang at the Queen's Hall concerts in London and gave a command performance before King Edward VII in 1906. Castles then appeared in Hamlet at Cologne, Gounod's Romeo and Juliet and Faust. She also took part in the Harrison tours of Great Britain and sang with conductors Hans Richter, (Sir) Henry Wood and Landon Ronald. Following her tour of Australia for J & N Tait, in 1909, Castles performed in the Australian premiere of Puccini's Madame Butterfly for J C Williamson before returning to Europe. At the outbreak of war Castles returned to Australia where she completed a tour of the capital cities. She made her American debut at Carnegie Hall, New York in 1917 as well as giving concerts for sick and wounded soldiers and opening her Manhattan home to visiting Australians. With the Williamson Grand Opera Company Castles toured Australia in 1919 and again in 1925 on a concert tour managed by her brother George and including her sister Eileen.\n", "Events": "Accepted an offer of a four-year contract from the Imperial Opera in Vienna and was appointed chamber singer to the Imperial Court (1912 - 1912) \nAfter the outbreak of war Castles was obliged to leave Austria and returned to Australia to tour the capital cities (1915 - 1915) \nGave a command performance before King Edward VII (1906 - 1906) \nMade her American debut at Carnegie Hall, New York (1917 - 1917) \nMade her debut at the annual meeting of the Austral Salon, Melbourne (1899 - 1899) \nMade her European debut at Cologne in Ambroise Thomas's Hamlet (1907 - 1907) \nMade her first London appearance at a St James's Hall concert with Ada Crossley and Clara Butt (1901 - 1901) \nPerformed in a local production of Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience directed by her teacher E Allan Bindley (1898 - ) \nReappeared in London at Queen's Hall concerts (1905 - 1905) \nReturned to Australia for a four-and-a-half month tour of seventy-two towns for J & N Tait (1909 - 1909) \nReturned to Australia to tour for J C Williamson (1902 - 1902) \nReturned to London for a series of Chappell concerts (1911 - 1911) \nReturned to Sydney for a concert tour of Australasia which was managed by her brother George and included her sister Eileen (1925 - 1925) \nToured Australia with the Williamson Grand Opera Company (1919 - 1919) \nVisited Hollywood to take part in a 'talkie' (1930 - 1931)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/castles-amy-eliza-1880-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/footprints-on-the-sands-of-time-bendigos-citizens-the-1909-bendigonian-annual-and-community-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-new-melba-the-tragedy-of-amy-castles\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/illuminated-address-1911-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/j-c-williamson-scrapbooks-of-music-and-theatre-programmes-sydney-and-melbourne-1905-1921-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-amy-castles-singer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crossley, Ada Jemima", "Entry ID": "AWE0560", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crossley-ada-jemima\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tarraville, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Woodlands Park Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England", "Occupations": "Singer", "Summary": "Contralto singer Madame Ada Crossley studied piano under Mrs Hastings of Port Albert and later Signor Zelman. She then sang with Madame Fanny Simonsen of Melbourne. Prior to leaving Australia in March 1894, to study in Europe, she gave farewell concerts in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide. With Percy Grainger a member of her entourage, she toured Australia and New Zealand, returning to England via South Africa (1903-1904). Crossley returned to Australia for a series of concerts in 1908-1909. Once again Grainger was a supporting artist. During the First World War she sang at benefit concerts. After the war she reduced her professional engagements. Ada Crossley died on 17 October 1929 at Woodlands Park, Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire.\n", "Events": "Debuted in Sydney (1892 - ) \nEngaged by J C Williamson to visit Australia and New Zealand, she returned to England via South Africa (1903 - 1904) \nLeft Australia to study with (Sir) Charles Santley in London and later in Paris with Madame Marchesi (1894 - ) \nMade her London debut at the Queen's Hall (1895 - ) \nMarried Dr Francis Frederick (1879-1945), throat specialist, (1905 - 1905) \nPerformed with the third Philharmonic Subscription Concert at the Melbourne town hall (1889 - ) \nRevisited Australia (1908 - 1909) \nShe claimed a repertoire of 500 sacred songs and ballads, ranging from Gluck and Handel to Richard Strauss, and she sang in English, German, French, Italian, Norwegian, Danish and Russian (1903 - 1903) \nToured the United States of America, during which she recorded for the Victor Gramophone Companies Red Seal Celebrity series (1902 - 1903)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crossley-ada-jemima-1871-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/profile-jill-crossley\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wemyss-family-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gunn, Jeannie (Mrs Aeneas)", "Entry ID": "AWE0562", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gunn-jeannie-mrs-aeneas\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "Mrs Aeneas Gunn was the author of The Black Princess, published in 1905, and We of the Never Never, published in 1908. During and after World War I she worked tirelessly to support the servicemen of Monbulk, Victoria who she referred to as \"my boys.\" She was awarded an OBE in 1939, \"in recognition of her services to Australian Literature and to the disabled soldiers and their dependents.\" In 1948 she began to work on a book recording all the details of the volunteers from Monbulk who had served in the Boer War, the Boxer Rebellion and World War I. Gunn presented her completed manuscript to the Monbulk RSL in 1953 and the book, My Boys - A Book of Remembrance, was published for the first time in 2000.\n", "Details": "Mrs Aeneas Gunn was born Jeannie Taylor on 5 June 1870 in Melbourne, Victoria, the second youngest of six children. She was educated privately by her mother and at seventeen matriculated at the University of Melbourne.\nIn 1888, Gunn opened a private school in their home in Hawthorn with her sisters. Named Rolyat, Taylor backwards, the school was regularly attended by 50 - 60 pupils until it closed in 1896 when one of her sister's married. Gunn then became a visiting teacher and her subjects included gymnastics and elocution.\nShe married Aeneas James Gunn in 1901. Just before their marriage he had become a partner in Elsey, a cattle station on the Roper River, 483 km south of Darwin, so the newlyweds soon set sail for Port Darwin. While her husband worked as the station manager, Gunn impressed those who said a woman would be out of place on station with her sense of humour and fine horsemanship. She took an interest in the lives of the Aboriginals who lived and drifted through the station, displaying a true sympathy and affection for their way of life.\nUnfortunately, outback life lasted only 13 months, Gunn returned to Melbourne after her husband died of malarial dysentery in 1903. Back in Melbourne, she longed for the quiet bush life and found solace travelling with her father to Monbulk, a settlement in Victoria's Dandenong Ranges. Encouraged by friends who had read her letters and heard her tell stories to their children, Gunn wrote The Little Black Princess, which was published in Australia and England in 1905, and was about Bett-Bett, an Aboriginal child she had befriended at Elsey. In 1908, her second book We of the Never Never, was published. Although it was entitled a novel, it was a recreation of actual events. The book went on to became an Australian classic, it was used in schools and translated into German.\nDuring World War I and after, Gunn became active in welfare work for soldiers and their families, especially in Monbulk. She virtually adopted all the men who enlisted to serve in the war from Monbulk, referring to them as \"my boys.\" She sent parcels and letters to them while they were overseas, knitted socks and kept a photo of every single one of her boys on her mantelpiece.\nAfter the war, Gunn worked tirelessly for the welfare of the returned servicemen, becoming an unofficial liaison between them and the Repatriation Department. In 1925 she became patron for the Monbulk diggers T B Sailors and Soldiers Assistance Relief Fund and she did not miss a function in the next 21 years. Gunn helped to organise a clubroom and library for the Monbulk sub branch of the Returned Sailors Soldiers and Airmen's Imperial League of Australia. She received an OBE in 1939, \"in recognition of her services to Australian Literature and to disabled soldiers and their dependents.\"\nIn 1948, Gunn embarked on a project to record the efforts and sacrifices of Monbulk during World War I. It was her intention to record the service details of every volunteer from Monbulk who served their country in the Boer War, the Boxer Rebellion and World War I. She said of the book that it was \"not an honour roll - it is definitely a record of each man's service to his country.\" Gunn presented her completed manuscript to the Monbulk RSL in 1953 and the book, My Boys - A Book of Remembrance, was published for the first time in 2000.\nMrs Aeneas Gunn passed away on 9 June 1961, four days after celebrating her 91st birthday. 200 mourners packed Scots Church in Collins St, Melbourne for her funeral.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victoria-the-first-century-an-historical-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/my-boys-a-book-of-remembrance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-little-black-princess-a-true-tale-of-life-in-the-never-never-land\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-of-the-never-never\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flynns-outback-angels-casting-the-mantle-1901-to-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gunn-jeannie-1870-1961\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-dorothy-lush-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/notes-and-letter-on-the-characters-in-we-of-the-never-never\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-gunn-family-1841-1912-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-norman-mccance-1894-1972-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mrs-aeneas-gunn-1955-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manuscripts-and-correspondence-of-mrs-aeneas-gunn-1905-1937-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-1937-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manuscripts-and-correspondence-19-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young, Wilma Elizabeth Forster Oram", "Entry ID": "AWE0571", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-wilma-elizabeth-forster-oram\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glenorchy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Servicewoman", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-jeffrey-oam-rn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-war-the-exceptional-life-of-wilma-oram-young-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/service-nurses-honoured-with-long-awaited-memorial\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lang, Margaret Irene", "Entry ID": "AWE0572", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lang-margaret-irene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Creswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Nurse", "Summary": "Margaret Lang was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 8 June 1950 for service with the Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service. Lang was the founder and Matron-in-Chief of the Service during World War II. She had completed her training at Wangaratta District Hospital and the Women's Hospital (later Royal), Melbourne. During World War I Lang served in Salonika with the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS). Other positions she held included being a Matron of a number of Victorian country hospitals, the Police Hospital and the Talbot Epileptics Colony in Clayton, Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/world-war-ii-nursing-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/story-of-the-raaf-nursing-service-1940-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-miss-margaret-irene-lang-founder-of-the-raaf-nursing-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/matron-margaret-lang\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-margaret-lang-nursing-administrator-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Docker, Betty Bristow", "Entry ID": "AWE0576", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/docker-betty-bristow\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Nurse, Servicewoman", "Summary": "The funeral service for former Group Officer Betty Docker, aged 81, was held at the Royal Military College, Duntroon. Director of the Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (RAAFNS) Docker trained at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. She then joined the hospital staff before enlisting with the RAAFNS in 1944. During her time in the service she fought for change so married women could continue on as nurses and women could reach the highest ranks - something not allowed previously. After 28 years with the RAAFNS Docker retired in 1975 having been awarded The Royal Red Cross (2nd Class), 1968; Royal Red Cross, 1970; the Florence Nightingale Medal, 1971 and the National Medal in 1977.\n", "Events": "Assistant to the Director of Nursing Service (1965 - 1967) \nAwarded the Florence Nightingale Medal for distinguished service (1971 - 1971) \nAwarded the National Medal (1977 - 1977) \nAwarded the Royal Red Cross (2nd Class) Medal (1968 - 1968) \nAwarded the Royal Red Cross Medal (1970 - 1970) \nCommenced nursing training at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne (1939 - 1939) \nDirector of Nursing Service (1969 - 1975) \nJoined the Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (RAAFNS) (1944 - 1944) \nMatron of No 4 RAAF Hospital, Butterworth, Malaysia (1967 - 1969) \nPosted to Aeromedical Evacuation Duties and Japan Occupation Force (1944 - 1950) \nPresented with the Queen's Honorary Nursing Sister (QHNS) Award (1969 - 1969) \nRetired from the RAAFNS, after 28 years of service (1975 - 1975) \nStaff member at the Alfred Hospital (1943 - 1944) \nSupervised the flight nursing staff to and from Vietnam (1967 - 1969)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-true-nightingale-in-a-shining-uniform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/story-of-the-raaf-nursing-service-1940-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commandant-janice-webb-later-hilton-australian-red-cross-arc-left-and-wing-officer-betty-docker-matron-of-4-raaf-hospital-at-butterworth-malaysia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Desailly, Frances Esme", "Entry ID": "AWE0590", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/desailly-frances-esme\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camperdown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Justice of the Peace, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Frances Desailly was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire on 8 June 1939 for her services to charities. The granddaughter of an early pioneer of Victoria, Dr Daniel Curdie, she married Dr Julian Gilbert Desailly on 4 May 1904 and had one daughter. A member of a number of welfare societies, she was president of the Ladies' Benevolent Society and vice-president of the Girls' Employment Movement. Awarded life membership of the Camperdown Red Cross, Camperdown Mothers' Club and the District Hospital Auxiliary, she was also a member of the Charles Dickens Society and the Alexandra Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bowe, Ethel Jessie", "Entry ID": "AWE0593", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bowe-ethel-jessie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Maldon, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Repatriation General Hospital Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Nurse, Servicewoman", "Events": "Appointed deputy Matron-in-Chief (1943 - 1943) \nAppointed honorary nursing sister to Queen Elizabeth II (1957 - 1957) \nAppointed matron (1941 - 1941) \nAppointed matron of the 115 Military (Repatriation General) Hospital, Heidelberg (1946 - 1946) \nAppointed matron-in-chief and granted the rank of honorary colonel (1952 - 1952) \nAppointed Officer to the Order of the British Empire (1960 - 1960) \nAppointed Principal Matron (1945 - 1945) \nAppointed principal matron, Southern Command (1947 - 1948) \nAppointed Sister in the Australian Army Nursing Service (1939 - 1939) \nAppointed temporary matron (1941 - 1941) \nAwarded a Florence Nightingale medal (1953 - 1953) \nAwarded Associate Royal Red Cross (1945 - 1945) \nAwarded the Red Cross Medal (1955 - 1955) \nAwarded the United States of America's Bronze Star for her services (1948 - 1948) \nBased on Morotai Island in the South West Pacific (1945 - 1945) \nCalled up for service with the Australian Imperial Force (1940 - 1940) \nCompleted midwifery training at the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne (1930 - 1930) \nGave the eighth annual oration for the New South Wales College of Nursing (1960 - 1960) \nJoined the Australian Army Nursing Service Reserve (1931 - 1931) \nMatron of the Austin Hospital, Heidelberg (1950 - 1950) \nNursing training at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (1927 - 1929) \nPosted senior sister of the 2\/2 Australian General Hospital (AGH) (1940 - 1940) \nRejoined Australian Military Forces (1951 - 1951) \nServed in England (1940 - 1940) \nServed in the Middle East (1940 - 1942) \nSister on staff at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (1931 - 1935) \nSister tutor at the Perth Hospital, Western Australia (1936 - 1939)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-blue-to-khaki-the-enlisted-voluntary-aids-and-others-who-became-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-and-served-from-1941-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bowe-ethel-jessie-1906-1961\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bruce, Minnie (Mary) Grant", "Entry ID": "AWE0595", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bruce-minnie-mary-grant\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, England", "Occupations": "Author, Feminist, Journalist", "Summary": "The author of the Billabong series of books, Mary Grant Bruce began writing poetry and short stories at the age of seven. Later she became editor of her school magazine. After completing her matriculation Bruce moved to Melbourne where she worked as an editor and wrote weekly stories for the Leader children's page. Her first book A Little Bush Maid, originally a serial, was published in 1910. Between 1910 and 1942 she published 37 children's novels. During her career Bruce was a contributor to Blackwood's Magazine, Morning Post, Daily Mail, Windsor Magazine, Cassell's Magazine, Strand, Argus, Age, Herald (Melbourne), Australasian, Leader, Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney Mail, Lone Hand Auckland Weekly Press, Woman's World, West Australian and the British Australasian. During World War II Bruce worked for the AIF Women's Association, sold her autograph at charity auctions for the war effort and broadcast a series of talks for the Department of Information.\n", "Events": "Anderson's Jo published (1924 - 1924) \nBack to Billabong published (1919 - 1919) \nBill of Billabong published (1933 - 1933) \nBillabong Adventurers published (1928 - 1928) \nBillabong Gold published (1937 - 1937) \nBillabong Riders published (1942 - 1942) \nBillabong's Daughter published (1924 - 1924) \nCaptain Jim published (1916 - 1916) \nCircus Ring published (1936 - 1936) \nCousin from Town published (1922 - 1922) \nDick Lester of Kurrajong published (1918 - 1918) \nDick published (1917 - 1917) \nFrom Billabong to London published (1914 - 1914) \nGlen Eyre published (1913 - 1913) \nGolden Fiddles published (1926 - 1926) \nGrays Hollow published (1914 - 1914) \nHouse of the Eagle published (1925 - 1925) \nHugh Stanford's Luck published (1923 - 1923) \nJim and Wally published (1915 - 1915) \nKaralta published (1941 - 1941) \nLittle Bush Maid published (1910 - 1910) \nMates at Billabong published (1912 - 1912) \nNorah of Billabong published (1913 - 1913) \nPeter and Co. published (1940 - 1940) \nPossum published (1917 - 1917) \nRoad to Adventure published (1931 - 1931) \nRobin published (1922 - 1922) \nSeahawk published (1934 - 1934) \nSon of Billabong published (1939 - 1939) \nStone Axe of Burkamuka published (1922 - 1922) \nThe Happy Traveller published (1929 - 1929) \nThe Houses of the Eagle published (1921 - 1921) \nThe Tower Rooms published (1920 - 1920) \nTimothy in Bushland published (1912 - 1912) \nTold by Peter published (1938 - 1938) \nTower Rooms published (1926 - 1926) \nTwins of Emu Plains published (1923 - 1923) \nWings Above Billabong published (1935 - 1935) \nActing editor of Woman's World for six months (1926 - 1926) \nAfter the outbreak of World War I sailed on the troop-ship Nestor to Cork and during the next three years 'produced two babies and four books' (1914 - 1914) \nFollowing death of her husband (1946) Bruce went back to England (1948 - 1948) \nFollowing the war, returned to Australia to settle at Traralgon, Gippsland (1918 - 1918) \nHer story Dono's Christmas' published in supplement of the Melbourne Leader under the pseudonym 'Coolibah' (1900 - 1900) \nHer story Her Little Lad was published in the Christmas supplement of the Melbourne Leader under the signature 'M.G.H.' (1898 - 1898) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2002 - 2002) \nMoved to Omagh, Ireland (1927 - 1927) \nPassed the matriculation examination with honours in English, history and botany (1895 - ) \nReturned to Australia (1939 - 1939) \nReturned to Australia and married at Holy Trinity Church, East Melbourne (1914 - 1914) \nWent to London where she wrote articles for the Daily Mail and met her future husband, distant cousin, Major George Evans Bruce (1913 - 1914) \nWon first prize in the Melbourne Shakespeare Society's annual essay competition (1895 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bruce-minnie-mary-grant-1878-1958\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-1927-apr-7-1929-dec-10-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/autobiographical-notes-not-after-1972-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/page-from-an-autograph-book-signed-by-mary-grant-bruce-1943-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manuscripts-1924-1925-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-1928-1954-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tomasetti, Glenys Ann (Glen)", "Entry ID": "AWE0600", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tomasetti-glenys-ann-glen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Novelist, Poet, Songwriter", "Summary": "Glen Tomasetti was born in Melbourne, Australia. An academically and musically gifted woman, she was well-known throughout the Australian folk music circuit, working on commercial television and cutting eleven albums in the 1960s. A left-leaning environmentalist and feminist, Glen was vehemently opposed to the Vietnam War and was a member of the Save Our Sons Movement in Victoria. In 1967 she made headlines when she was subpoenaed to court for withholding one-sixth of her income tax on the grounds that this was the exact proportion used by the Holt government to finance the war in Vietnam.\nShe became a hero of the feminist movement in 1969 when she adapted the words to an old shearing gang ballad, 'All among the wool boys'. Glen's version 'Don't be too Polite, Girls' was written to support the 1969 case for equal pay that was being heard by the high court.\nGlen Tomasetti had three children and believed that motherhood was the emotional core of her life. She has been described as \"a woman of singular passion that found focus in motherhood, friendship, art, the environment and justice for the oppressed. Her creativity was multifaceted. She was a historian, poet, novelist and actor. She was formidably intelligent and her god had bestowed on her extraordinary physical beauty.\"\n", "Details": "Don't Be Too Polite, Girls\nTune: All among the wool, boys\nLyrics: Glen Tomasetti\n1. We're really on the way, girls, really on the way\nHooray for equal pay, girls, hooray for equal pay\nThey're going to give it to most of us, in spite of all their fears\nBut did they really need to make us wait for all those years?\nChorus: Don't be too polite, girls, don't be too polite,\nShow a little fight, girls, show a little fight.\nDon't be fearful of offending in case you get the sack\nJust recognise your value and we won't look back.\n2. I sew up shirts and trousers in the clothing trade\nSince men don't do the job, I can't ask to be better paid\nThe people at the top rarely offer something more\nUnless the people underneath are walking out the door.\nChorus\n3. They say a man needs more to feed his children and his wife\nWell, what are the needs of a woman who leads a double working life\nWhen the whistle blows for knock-off it's not her time for fun\nShe goes home to start the job that's not paid and never done.\nChorus\n4. Don't be too afraid, girls, don't be too afraid,\nWe're clearly underpaid girls, clearly underpaid.\nThough equal pay in principle is every woman's right\nTo turn that into practice we must show a little fight.\nChorus\n5. 'We can't afford to pay you,' say the masters in their wrath.\nBut woman says 'Just cut your coat according to the cloth.\nIf the economy won't stand it then here's your answer boys,\nCut out the wild extravagance on the new war toys.'\nChorus\n6. All among the bull, girls, all among the bull,\nKeep your hearts full, girls, keep your hearts full.\nWhat good is a man as a doormat or following close at heel?\nIt's not their balls we're after, it's a fair square deal.\nChorus\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thoroughly-decent-people-a-folktale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/man-of-letters-a-romance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brains-beauty-and-heart\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-lifes-song-for-the-heart-and-soul-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/singer-writer-tomasetti-dies-aged-74\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-glen-tomasetti-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-glen-tomasetti-at-her-home-in-armadale-vic-july-1970-picture-mark-strizic\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Heywood, Irene Teresa", "Entry ID": "AWE0602", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heywood-irene-teresa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Port Fairy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Watsonia, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Irene Pye enlisted in the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) on 8 September 1943. Following basic training she worked in a number of administrative positions and was posted with the 3rd Psychology unit at the time of her discharge on 11 February 1947. A member of the Australian Women's Army Service Association ( Victoria.) Inc., since its inception, she attends functions and reunions.\n", "Details": "Irene Pye, the fifth of Timothy and Catherine (n\u00e9e Cain) Pye's six children, was raised in the Victorian western district farming area of Bessiebelle. She attended the local school and after achieving her School Merit Certificate, the highest grade available at the school, she worked at a variety of positions in the district.\nIn 1943, Pye was given permission by her father and Mrs Milliard, the local school mistress for whom she worked, to join the AWAS. On 8 September 1943 Irene Pye and her older sister Mary (later Godd\u00e9) enlisted in the Australian Army together. After attending basic training together Irene was posted to administration and Mary to transportation. Irene Pye served in a number of administrative positions before being discharged on 11 February 1947.\nFollowing the war Irene Pye established herself in Melbourne, the capital of Victoria, and worked for the Commonwealth Government at the Australian Taxation Office. She married James Henry Heywood (1922-1963) a serviceman she met during the war on 5 October 1948. They had five children. After her husband's death, Heywood called upon the skills she obtained during war to help raise her children.\nA member of the AWAS Association of Victoria she attends functions, reunions and keeps in contact with other members of her unit. Heywood is also a member of the Blackburn Legacy Widows Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pye-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Godd\u00e9, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0603", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/godde-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Port Fairy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Myrtleford, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Mary Godd\u00e9 grew up on a farm in Western Victoria and put her experience driving tractors to good use when she joined he Australian Women's Army Service on 8 September 1943. After her marriage in 1947, she moved to Myrtleford, in north-eastern Victoria, where she played a significant role in the Catholic Women's League.\n", "Details": "Born in Port Fairy, Victoria, Mary Godd\u00e9 (n\u00e9e Pye) grew up in the sheep raising district of Bessibelle in Victoria's western district. She attended the local school leaving at the age of 14 to undertake domestic work.\nPye along with her younger sister Irene (later Heywood), enlisted in the Australian Women's Army Service on 8 September 1943. Four of the six children of Timothy and Catherine (n\u00e9e Cain) Pye, Joseph, Leonard, Mary and Irene, served with the Australian Army during World War II. Sister Monica (later Wilson) rode her older brother Joseph's motorbike and completed his Post Master Generals' Department (now Australia Post) mail contract during his army service. Younger brother Basil, stayed on the family farm to help produce much needed food products for the local and overseas markets.\nMary and Irene completed basic training together before Mary Pye joined the transport division as a driver. In later years she would vividly recall the loading and unloading of army vehicles at railway stations. The army trucks arrived at the station on flat tray trucks, that were a couple of feet above the platform level. There were no synchromesh gears in those days, and Mary had to become quite skilled at double-declutching in first gear and riding the clutch, to be able to smoothly drive the large trucks off the flat tray to the ground below.\nFollowing her discharge, on 30 January 1947, Pye married farmer Charles (Charlie) Godd\u00e9 on 18 December 1947. Godd\u00e9, who worked with his father on a dairy farm near Wodonga, Victoria, first noticed his future wife walking along the road, when he was delivering milk to the Bonegilla Army Camp. They eventually met at one of the local dances, and after marrying lived at farming proprieties in Wodonga, Buffalo River and Mudegoggona areas, before settling in the township of Myrtleford. Having never lost her love of country living, a house on the edge of town was chosen so Godd\u00e9 could look out her back kitchen window and watch the farm animals grazing.\nAlong with her sister, Godd\u00e9 joined the Australian Women's Army Service Association (Vic.) Inc. when established during the 1950s. She enjoyed attending the Association reunions whenever she was able. For many years Godd\u00e9 also was secretary of the Catholic Women's League Myrtleford branch.\nMary Godd\u00e9 died on 22 January 2000 and is survived by her husband and five of their six children. At her funeral members of the Catholic Women's League formed a guard of honour, the Ode was read and a lone bugler played the Last Post.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pye-mary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Colman, Alma Undine", "Entry ID": "AWE0616", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colman-alma-undine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Gisborne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Alma Colman, the daughter of Alvington and Undine (n\u00e9e Cruthers) Silvester, was educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC), Melbourne, Victoria. She joined the Junior School teaching staff before working at Trinity Grammar School, Kew. On 17 January 1942 she enlisted in the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) and was the first chief instructor of the Army Women's Services Officers' School (AWSOS). Prior to her discharge on 23 July 1945 she was the Deputy Assistant Director of Army Education for Women's Services with the rank of Major. On 9 January 1945 she married David Colman.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colman-alma-undine-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fitzpatrick, Kathleen Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0619", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fitzpatrick-kathleen-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Omeo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Associate professor, Author, Historian", "Summary": "Appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for her service to education, particularly in the field of history, on 26 January 1989, Kathleen Fitzpatrick was the first woman council member of the National Library of Australia, and a foundation member of the Australian Humanities Research Council (later the Australian Academy of Humanities).\n", "Details": "Fitzpatrick was educated at Loreto Convents (Albert Park and Portland), Presentation Convent (Windsor) and Lauriston Girls' School (Melbourne) before attending the University of Melbourne. Following completion of her honours degree, in 1926, Fitzpatrick went to Oxford to complete another undergraduate degree - a common practice at the time. Returning to Australia she found employment at the University of Sydney before becoming a tutor in the English department at the University of Melbourne in 1930. Upon marriage, in 1932, to journalist (later historian) Brian Fitzpatrick, she had to resign her position at the University.\nFollowing the failure of her marriage, Fitzpatrick was advised by the University Appointments Board that 'the only demand for female workers was for good secretaries'. It was recommended that she become proficient in typewriting and shorthand if she wanted to find employment. She enrolled at the Melbourne Technical School (now the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology), completed the required subjects and became a teacher of Shorthand and Commercial English at the school. In 1938 Fitzpatrick was offered her old position at the University of Melbourne. Before retiring in 1962 she held positions of lecturer, senior lecturer and associate professor of history.\nDuring World War II Fitzpatrick was president of the Council for Women in War. She negotiated with employers on behalf of University of Melbourne women students working at Shepparton under Manpower regulations. In her retirement Fitzpatrick concentrated on research and writing and was disappointed in not being able to find a publisher for her magnum opus, a book on the novelist Henry James.\nFormer student, professional historian and close friend Manning Clark read the eulogy at the Requiem Mass for Kathleen Fitzpatrick held at St Thomas Aquinas, South Yarra on Friday 31 August 1990.\n", "Events": "Appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for her service to education, particularly in the field of history (1989 - 1989) \nAssociate Professor of History at the University of Melbourne (1948 - 1962) \nBecame a student in the business section of the Melbourne Technical School (now the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology) learning typing and shorthand (1936 - 1936) \nFoundation member of the Australian Humanities Research Council (later Australian Academy of the Humanities) (1956 - 1956) \nGraduated BA (Hons) from the University of Melbourne (1926 - 1926) \nGraduated BA from Oxford University (1928 - 1928) \nGraduated MA from Oxford University (1933 - 1933) \nLecturer of History at the University of Melbourne (1938 - 1942) \nMarried Brian Fitzpatrick a journalist and later historian (1932 - 1940) \nPublication: Australian Explorers published by Oxford University Press (1958 - 1958) \nPublication: PLC Melbourne: The First Century published by PLC (Melbourne) (1975 - 1975) \nPublication: Sir John Franklin in Tasmania published by Melbourne University Press (1949 - 1949) \nPublication: Solid Bluestone Foundations and Other Memories of a Melbourne Childhood, 1908-1928 published by Macmillan (1983 - 1983) \nSenior lecturer of History at the University of Melbourne (1942 - 1948) \nSeparated from her husband (1935 - 1935) \nTeacher of shorthand and commercial English at the Melbourne Technical School (1937 - 1937) \nTemporary lecturer in the history department of the University of Sydney (1929 - 1929) \nTutor in the English department of the University of Melbourne (1930 - 1932)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door-sixteen-modern-australian-women-look-at-professional-life-and-achievement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-explorers-a-selection-from-their-writings-with-an-introduction\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dear-kathleen-dear-manning-the-correspondence-of-manning-clark-and-kathleen-fitzpatrick-1949-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martin-boyd\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/plc-melbourne-the-first-century-1875-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sir-john-franklin-in-tasmania-1837-1843\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/solid-bluestone-foundations-and-other-memories-of-a-melbourne-girlhood-1908-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-lives-an-oxford-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-letters-of-lorna-maneschi-to-her-family-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-university-portraits-they-called-it-the-shop\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-for-the-homeless-kathleen-fitzpatricks-vocation-and-ours\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shameful-autobiographies-shame-in-contemporary-australian-autobiographies-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-historians-and-womens-history-kathleen-fitzpatrick-1905-1990-margaret-kiddle-1914-1958-and-the-melbourne-history-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ballad-revival-in-the-xviiith-century\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-jessie-stobo-watson-1880-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-manning-clark-1907-1992-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pitt-henry-arthur\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-department-of-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-department-of-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-kathleen-fitzpatrick-writer-and-historian-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-of-kathleen-fitzpatrick\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fitzpatrick-kathleen-elizabeth-1905-1990\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clarke, Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE0622", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Alphington, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Historian, Journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Writer, historian, editor and former journalist, Dr Patricia Clarke has written extensively on women in Australian history and media history. Several of her publications are biographies of women writers and others explore the role of letters and diaries in the lives of women. Since the 1980s she played an active part in national cultural institutions and community organisations in Canberra and her work has been recognised by a number of awards and grants.\n", "Details": "Patricia Clarke was born in Melbourne in 1926, the daughter of John Laurence Ryan, teacher, and Annie Teresa ne\u00e9 McSweeney, bookbinder. Educated at St Anthony's School, Alphington, and Notre Dame de Sion, Sale, Victoria, she matriculated with honours in 1942. Her studies at the University of Melbourne included economics, pure maths, English and political science but were interrupted by tuberculosis, which led to a reappraisal of her goals. In 1951 she joined the Commonwealth News and Information Bureau and became the only woman journalist in its Melbourne office, transferring to its Canberra branch in 1957. In 1961 she married Hugh Vincent Clarke (1919-1996), writer, public servant and former prisoner of war in Thailand and Japan. While raising five children, Patricia worked as a casual but full-time journalist with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in the Parliamentary Press Gallery (1963-68); as the editor of Maxwell Newton's weekly business newsletters (1968-74); Canberra representative for Daily Commercial News (1968-74) and publications editor with the National Capital Development Commission (1974-79).\nSince the 1980s, Patricia has written and edited 15 books, innumerable articles and at least 15 book chapters on women in Australian history and media history. Several of her publications are biographies of women writers and others explore the role of letters and diaries in the lives of women. In 2004 she was awarded a PhD by Griffith University for her thesis, based on six of her books, entitled 'Life Lines to Life Stories. Some Publications about Women in Nineteenth Century Australia'. Her most recent book is 'Bold types : how Australia's first women journalists blazed a trail', published in 2022.\nShe has also played an active part in Australian cultural institutions and community organisations in Canberra. She has written articles for the Australian Dictionary of Biography and been a member of its Commonwealth Working Party since 1987. At various times she served as President, Vice President, and Councillor of the Canberra & District Historical Society (1987-2004 and 2013-2024) and edited the Canberra Historical Journal from 1987-2000. She was a Committee member of the Centre for Australian Cultural Studies from 1993-2003; was on the Manning Clark House committee in its early years and from 1995-2001 was founding Honorary Secretary of the Independent Scholars Association of Australia (ISAA). Elected an Honorary Member in 2001, she was a member of ISAA's ACT Council until 2018. A Committee Member of the Friends of the National Library of Australia from 1997-99 and its Deputy Chair in 1998, she represented the Australian Society of Authors as a member of the Library's Fellowship Advisory Committee from 1997-2017 and chaired its National Folk Fellowship selection Committee 2003-17. She has been an active member of the Canberra committee of the Australian Women's Archives Program and wrote many entries for the Australian Women's Register, the most recent in 2024. She served on the ACT Historic Houses Advisory Committee between 2010-16 and was a Consultant to the Media Hall of Fame from 2011.\nHer work has been recognised by many awards and grants. She was awarded a NSW Premier's Department Cultural Grant in 1983; Literature Board grants in 1986 and 1988; a Harold White Fellowship from the National Library in 1993 and Fellowships from the Australia Council in 1995 and 2000. In 1995 she was joint winner of the Society of Women Writers non-fiction award. She was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in June 2001 'for services to the promotion of Australian history through research and writing, to the study of Australian writers of the nineteenth century and to the Canberra and District Historical Society'. She was made a Fellow of the Federation of Australian Historical Societies in 2002 and an Honorary Fellow, Australian Academy of Humanities in 2005. In 2016 she received the Friends Medal of the National Library of Australia for her significant contribution over many years. In June 2025 she was awarded the Australian Dictionary of Biography Medal in recognition of her many and varied contributions to the ADB since the 1980s.\n", "Events": "Australia Council, Literature Board Project Grant (1987 - 1987) \nAustralia Council, Literature Broad Project Grant (1989 - 1989) \nAwarded a Fellow from the Federation of Australian Historical Societies (2002 - 2002) \nAwarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) For service to the promotion of Australian history through research and writing, to the study of Australian women writers of the 19th Century, and to the Canberra and District Historical Society (2001 - 2001) \nCasual Journalist Grade B with ABC in Canberra (1963 - 1968) \nCommittee Member at Manning Clark House (2000 - 2002) \nCommittee Member of the Centre for Australian Cultural Studies (ACT) (1993 - ) \nCouncillor with the Canberra & District Historical Society (1987 - ) \nEditor of publications (Journalist Grade A1) with the National Capital Development Commission (1974 - 1979) \nFounding Honorary Secretary of the Independent Scholars Association of Australia (ISAA) (1995 - 2001) \nHarold White Fellow at the National Library of Australia (1993 - 1993) \nJoint winner of the Society of Women Writers non-fiction award (for Tasma (1995 - 1995) \nJournalist (Grade A) \/Editor of weekly business newsletters with M Newton publications (1968 - 1974) \nMember of the Commonwealth Working Party for the Australian Dictionary of Biography (1989 - ) \nMember of the National Library of Australia's Friends Committee (1997 - 1999) \nMember of the National Scholarly Communications Forum (representing Australian Society of Authors) (1998 - 1998) \nNew South Wales Premier's Department Social History grant (1985 - 1985) \nOne-year Fellowship from the Literature Board at the Australia Council (1995 - 1995) \nPresident of the Canberra & District Historical Society (1997 - 1999) \nTwo-year Fellowship from the Literature Board at the Australia Council (2001 - 2002) \nVice-president of the Canberra & District Historical Society (1995 - 1997) \nVice-president of the National Library of Australia's Friends Committee (1999 - 1999) \nWith the News and Information Bureau, Melbourne, Journalist Grade D, Canberra, Journalist Grade C (1951 - 1961)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-equal-heart-and-mind-letters-between-judith-wright-and-jack-mckinney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/with-love-fury-selected-letters-of-judith-wright\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rich-addition-to-area-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosa-rosa-a-life-of-rosa-praed-novelist-and-spiritualist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosa-rosa-a-life-of-rosa-praed-novelist-and-spiritualist-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosa-rosa-a-life-of-rosa-praed-novelist-and-spiritualist-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-federation-decade\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-governesses-letters-from-the-colonies-1862-1882\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/those-perfect-english-ladies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nettie-palmer-search-for-an-aesthetic\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-who-shaped-an-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/comfort-women-of-the-colonies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fascinating-letters-inspire-novel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fighter-for-womens-rights\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adb-medal-awarded-to-dr-patricia-clarke\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-patricia-clarke-1887-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patricia-clarke-interviewed-by-ann-moyal-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patricia-clarke-interviewed-by-david-walker-in-the-australia-asia-studies-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clarke, Jessie Deakin", "Entry ID": "AWE0623", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-jessie-deakin\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker", "Summary": "Jessie Clarke, daughter of Ivy Brookes and grand daughter of Alfred Deakin, trained in social work and was professionally active in the Port Melbourne, Victoria, area. She studied in New York in the 1930s, was a junior delegate to the League of Nations Union in Geneva and an activist on behalf of refugees. She founded the Nappy Wash delivery service in the period after the Second World War.\n", "Details": "Jessie Clarke, the granddaughter of Alfred Deakin (Australian Prime Minister 1903-1910) and the daughter of Ivy (n\u00e9e Deakin) and Herbert Brookes, enrolled at the University of Melbourne in 1931. She graduated with an Arts\/Social Work degree and continued her studies in New York before the Australian government offered her a position as junior delegate to the League of Nations Union in Geneva.\nLater, with the war imminent, she returned to Australia and became president of the Victorian International Refugee Emergency Council. A few days after the outbreak of World War II she married William Anthony Francis Clarke, the son of Sir Frank Clarke, MLC, whom she had earlier taken to task for his reported remarks in the Legislative Council about 'rat-faced refugees'. Clarke worked with the Lord Mayor's Patriotic and Welfare Fund as a voluntary social worker dealing with the problems of army wives and relatives at first in Sydney, where her husband was stationed, and later in Melbourne.\nIn 1946 the Clarkes decided to start a napkin wash service in response to the post war baby boom. Nappie Wash, which grew to become the second largest such service in the world, was largely a family affair, with 13 relatives and friends providing the initial capital. At various stages of its history members of the family have been directors of the company which was sold in 1975.\nClarke, whose husband died in 1953, was a foundation member of the Australian Assistance Plan set up by Prime Minister Whitlam. She was involved also with community health groups such as the Abbeyfield Society, Melbourne-South Yarra Group, Broadmeadows Community Health Centre and the Melbourne District Health Council.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-clarke-founder-of-nappie-wash\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-jessie-clarke-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-clarke-interviewed-by-various-interviewers-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jessie-clarke-managing-director-of-nappie-wash-ltd-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-clarke-ca-1900-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-clarke-1954-2008-bulk-1990-2008-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Laby, Elizabeth (Beth) Bartleman", "Entry ID": "AWE0626", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laby-elizabeth-beth-bartleman\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stawell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "The daughter of Thomas and Gwenelian (n\u00e9e Bartleman) Laby, Beth Laby completed her secondary schooling at Korowa Anglican Girls' School. She graduated with a Diploma of Foods and Cookery, Institutional Management, from the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy before becoming a demonstrator with the Metropolitan Gas Company.\nIn 1942 Laby was appointed to the cookery department at Emily McPherson College and part of her college war work included teaching members of the Australian Women's Army Service, the Women's Royal Australian Navy Service and army hospital cooks. She demonstrated to civilian women the use of diverse foodstuffs during a time of food rationing and uncertain supply, as well travelling to country towns to show women how to make ovens from oil drums in case the war moved south from Darwin.\nLaby became acting head of the Emily McPherson College cookery department following the resignation of Miss Jose and later taught at Prahran Technical College. In her retirement she was a delegate to the National Council of Women of Victoria (NCWV) for the Home Economics Association of Victoria. From 1992 to 1997 she was an associate of the NCWV and continued to contribute to council fund-raising activities and assist the home economics advisers well into the 1990s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-beth-bartleman-laby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-emily-mac-the-story-of-the-emily-mcpherson-college-1906-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1904-1960-microform\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ellis, Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE0627", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Constance Ellis became the first woman graduate of the University of Melbourne to obtain the degree of Doctor of Medicine (MD) in March 1903. She joined the pathology department of the Queen Victoria Hospital in 1902 and was honorary pathologist from 1908 until 1919. Ellis was the first woman to become a demonstrator and lecturer of Pathology at the University of Melbourne.\nA foundation member of the Lyceum Club, Ellis was also a member of the Medical Women's Society, the Australian Association for Fighting Venereal Diseases, the Victorian branch of the British Medical Association, the National Council of Women of Victoria, the Victorian Baby Health Centre Association and the Emily McPherson College.\n", "Events": "At the final examinations Ellis came second in surgery and third in medicine (1899 - ) \nAttended Janet Clarke hostel, Trinity College, as a non-resident (1896 - 1898) \nBecame a member of the first committee of the Melbourne Business and Professional Women's Club (1925 - 1925) \nCouncil member of the College of Domestic Economy (later Emily McPherson College) (1911 - 1942) \nCouncil president of the Emily McPherson College (1932 - 1934) \nEducated at Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC) (1886 - 1890) \nEnrolled for the medical course at the University of Melbourne (1894 - 1894) \nHonorary pathologist at the Queen Victoria Hospital (1908 - 1919) \nJoined the honorary staff of the Queen Victoria Hospital (1902 - 1902) \nObtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine (by examination) (1903 - 1903) \nPresident of the Lyceum Club (1918 - 1919) \nPresident of the Old Collegians' Association (PLC) (1911 - 1911) \nTook part in PLC's jubilee congress, a two-day discussion on social and welfare matters (1925 - 1925) \nVice-president and one of the founders of the Lyceum Club (Melb.) (1912 - 1912) \nVice-president of the Victorian Baby Health Centres Association (1920 - 1942)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-emily-mac-the-story-of-the-emily-mcpherson-college-1906-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constance-ellis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-constance-1872-1942\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-constance-1872-1942-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1910-2013-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1904-1960-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-lyceum-club-and-papers-1970-1975-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brennan, Anna Teresa", "Entry ID": "AWE0631", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-anna-teresa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Emu Creek, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Parkville, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer", "Summary": "Anna Brennan, member of a talented Victorian family, was a devout Catholic who actively pursued the cause of women's equality throughout her life. She was one of the earliest woman to graduate in law at the University of Melbourne in 1909 and practised as a solicitor in her brother's legal firm for fifty years. She was a foundation member of the Lyceum Club in 1912 and president from 1940-41.\nThe Victorian Legal Women's Association was established in 1931 with Brennan serving as president. A founding committee member of the Catholic Women's Social Guild in 1916, later the Catholic Women's League, she served as president from 1918-1920. She joined the Victorian branch of St Joan's International Alliance, holding the office of president from 1938-1945 and again in 1948 until her death in 1962.\n", "Details": "Anna Brennan was the thirteenth child of Michael Brennan, farmer and his wife Mary nee Maher. She commenced medical studies at the University of Melbourne in 1904, but was not permitted to continue as she was 'too nervous to do the dissections'. She commenced the law course in 1906, graduating in 1909. At the university she became a member of the Princess Ida Club for women students, was an office bearer from 1907-1909 and remained a committee member until 1913. She represented the Princess Ida Club on the national Council of Women in 1912\nShe became a partner in her brother Frank's firm, specialising in the matrimonial field and campaigned for more equitable laws in relation to divorce. She was the second woman in Victoria to be admitted to practice.\nHer commitment to her Catholic faith was evident in her involvement with the Catholic Women's Social Guild, lecturing and writing for its publications Women's Social Work and its successor Horizon.\nJoan of Arc was an inspiration to her and she joined the forerunner of the St Joan's International Alliance, the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society in London. She was an inaugural member of the Victorian chapter of the St Joans' International Alliance when it was established in 1936 and was president from 1938-45 and 1948-62.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horizon-in-retrospect-1916-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-anna-teresa-1879-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lyceum-club-melbourne-1912-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anna-brennanthe-valiant-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tributes-to-a-medical-missionary-pioneer-dr-mary-glowrey-sister-mary-of-the-sacred-heart-first-c-w-s-g-president\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-lyceum-club-and-papers-1970-1975-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-st-joans-international-alliance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-university-princess-ida-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-university-princess-ida-club-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Glowrey, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0634", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/glowrey-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Birregurra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bangalore, India", "Occupations": "Doctor, Religious Sister", "Summary": "On 29 November 1924 a ceremony of the Perpetual Profession of Dr Mary Glowrey, now Sister Mary of the Sacred Heart took place in the Church of St Agnes at Guntur (India). Mary Glowrey, who completed her medical training at the University of Melbourne, (MBBS 1910, MD 1919), was the first president of the Catholic Women's Social Guild (now Catholic Women's League). After receiving assurance from the Pope that she would be allowed to continue in her profession, Glowrey left Melbourne for India in 1920. At this time nuns were still prevented from practising medicine, She entered the Society of Jesus, Mary and Joseph, a Dutch order of nuns and spent the next 37 years involved with medical work in Guntur, India. Glowrey House, the Catholic Women's League headquarters in Nicholson Street, Fitzroy, is named in her honour.\n", "Details": "Mary Glowrey, the third of nine children, spent most of her childhood in the Mallee at Watchem in country Victoria. Her mother provided the children with domestic and religious education, but she received the major part of her primary education at the local state school when it was established. She was confirmed in the Catholic Church at the age of nine. Her parents encouraged their children to continue their education and Glowrey trained as a pupil teacher at the local primary school before winning a state secondary scholarship to attend the South Melbourne College. She boarded at the Good Shepherd Convent, Rosary Place, South Melbourne. She won a University Exhibition and proceeded to the University of Melbourne to complete a BA degree, but was persuaded to transfer to medicine, graduating MBBS in 1910.\nHer first medical appointment was to the Christchurch Hospital New Zealand in 1911 as resident doctor. She was the first medical woman to be granted an appointment in New Zealand. On her return to Australia the following year, she took up a position at the Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. She later set up in private practice in Collins Street, Melbourne, but continued to assist at the Eye and Ear Hospital and also became Physician to out-patients at St Vincent's Hospital, the Catholic public hospital in Melbourne.\nIn 1915 she was inspired by the work of Dr Agnes McLaren, an English pioneer medical woman who had become a Catholic at age 61 and went to India at age 72 to establish a Catholic hospital for the care of Indian women. Glowrey decided that God had called her to go to India to improve the health of Indian women, but had to wait until the end of World War One to achieve her goal.\nDuring the period from 1916-1919, she became founding president of the Catholic Women's Social Guild and, at the same time, to prepare herself for her work in India, continued her medical studies in the fields of gynaecology, obstetrics and ophthalmology.\nShe left Melbourne on the ship 'Orsova' for India on 21 January 1920, arrived in Madras on 11 February 1920 and reached Guntur the following day. She was received into the Order of the Sisters of the Society of Jesus, Mary and Joseph on 28 November 1920 and became the first nun-doctor missionary. She had to gain special permission from Pope Pius XI to perform her medical mission work, for nuns had not been permitted to practice as doctors. She took on the name of Sister Mary of the Sacred Heart.\nShe worked for the next 37 years in India to establish a Catholic Medical College, but did not live to see the St Johns's Medical College Bangalore open in 1963.\nMary Glowrey died in Bangalore on 5 May 1957.\n", "Events": "Glowrey Catholic Primary School opened in Wollert, Victoria, named in honour of Mary Glowrey (2019 - 2019) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2015 - 2015)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tributes-to-a-medical-missionary-pioneer-dr-mary-glowrey-sister-mary-of-the-sacred-heart-first-c-w-s-g-president\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horizon-in-retrospect-1916-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-medical-nun-in-india-mary-glowrey-m-d-sister-mary-of-the-sacred-heart-society-of-jesus-mary-joseph\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-glowrey-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buscombe, Nina Dorothea Kestell", "Entry ID": "AWE0636", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buscombe-nina-dorothea-kestell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Box Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Servicewoman", "Summary": "On 26 January 1998 Nina Buscombe was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for service to the community through the Motor Neurone Disease Association of Victoria, the Victorian School for Deaf Children, the Victorian Council of Social Service, and Zonta. In 1987 she was honoured with an Anzac of the Year Award for her contribution to the community and the Motor Neurone Disease Association of Victoria awarded her a Life Governorship and instituted The Nina Buscombe Award in her honour.\n", "Details": "The only daughter of Sydney and Celia Buscombe's six children was raised in the Box Hill area of Victoria. From October 1942 until 1946 she served with the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) at Cerberus, Lonsdale and Magnetic. Buscombe joined the Ex-WRANS Association (Victoria) when formed in 1966 and for a number of years she assisted as Honorary Secretary\/Treasurer and Honorary Auditor.\nFollowing World War II Buscombe completed an accountancy course at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) through the Repatriation Scheme. She spent 1952 and 1953 in England and later worked as an accountant, assistant secretary and volunteer to fundraising committees and auxiliaries with the Victorian School for Deaf Children, before retiring in 1980.\nBuscombe also was a member of various committees with the Victorian Girl Guides Association for over 10 years, the Victorian Council of Social Services Combined Charities Christmas Card Shop for 18 years and Zonta (Melbourne\/Yarra Branch) for over 20 years. In 1981 she became involved with the Motor Neurone Society (later the Motor Neurone Disease Association of Victoria - MNDAV) and helped create the national body. The association recognized her contribution by awarding her Life Governorship and establishing a travel bursary - The Nina Buscombe Award - in her honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nina-buscombe-oam\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dunkley, Louisa Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE0647", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dunkley-louisa-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Longueville, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Trade unionist", "Summary": "Louisa Dunkley co-founded the Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association in 1900. A campaigner for equal pay for women, she joined the Postmaster-General's Department in 1882. By 1890 Dunkley had passed the proficiency tests and transferred to the Chief Telegraph Office as a telegraphist. In the 1890s she helped to establish a committee of women telegraphists and postmistresses to present a case for equal pay, with their male colleagues in the Post and Telegraph Department of Victoria. They received increases in salary, though not equality with men telegraphists. Because the male union discourages female members the Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association was established in 1900 with Dunkley as vice-president. She represented the association at the telegraphists' conference in October 1900 at Sydney, where she met her future husband, Edward Charles Kraegen, secretary of the New South Wales and Commonwealth Post and Telegraph associations from 1885 to 1904.\n", "Events": "Became interested in unionism from her experience of unfair conditions in pay and status of women workers in the Victorian public service. With colleagues presented a case for equal pay. They received an increase in salary, though not equality with men. (1890 - 1890) \nElected a delegate to attend all-colonies telegraphists conference held in Sydney. Her advocacy of equal pay and status under new Commonwealth conditions was endorsed. (1900 - 1900) \nFederal electorate seat of Dunkley was created. (1984 - 1984) \nFollowing her marriage to Edward Charles Kraegen, they had two children, she resigned from the Postmaster-General's Department. (1903 - 1903) \nJoined the Postmaster-General's Department as a junior assistant. (1882 - 1882) \nOne of the founders of the Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association. (1900 - 1900) \nPassed proficiency test and transferred to the Chief Telegraph Office as a telegraphist. (1890 - 1890) \nStudied telegraphy and qualified as an operator. (1888 - 1888) \nVice-President of the Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association (1900 - 1904) \nWorked in Melbourne metropolitan post and telegraph offices. (1888 - 1890)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dunkley-louisa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dunkley-louisa-margaret-1866-1927\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneers-of-our-industrial-the-women-telegraphists-of-melbourne-and-their-union-1895-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/communicators-and-their-first-trade-unions-a-history-of-the-telegraphist-and-postal-clerk-unions-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-victorian-post-office\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gu\u00e9rin, Julia Margaret (Bella)", "Entry ID": "AWE0655", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guerin-julia-margaret-bella\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Norwood, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Political activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Bella Gu\u00e9rin became the first woman to graduate from an Australian university when she was awarded her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne (number 255) in December 1883. She taught first at Loreto Convent, Ballarat then as lady principal of Ballarat School of Mines university classes, resigning upon marriage to Henry Halloran. A civil servant and poet, Halloran married Gu\u00e9rin on 28 June 1891 aged 80. Following his death Gu\u00e9rin married George D'Arcie Lavender.\nBella Gu\u00e9rin was politically active and a member of the suffrage movement. She became vice-president of the Women's Political Association in 1912, and later joined the Labor Party.\n", "Events": "Appointed vice-president of the Labor Party's Women's Central Organizing Committee (1918 - 1918) \nAwarded a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne (number 255) (1883 - ) \nCo-authored Vida Goldstein's Senate election pamphlet (1913 - 1913) \nLed the Labor Women's Anti-Conscription Fellowship campaign during the referendum (1916 - 1916) \nMarried 80 year old Henry Halloran (died 19 May 1893) at St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne, she bore him a son, Henry Marco. (1891 - ) \nMarried George D'Arcie Lavender, 30 years her junior (1909 - 1909) \nOffice-bearer with the Bendigo Women's Franchise League (1898 - 1903) \nPassed the University of Melbourne Matriculation Examination, passing in Latin, English, French, Arithmetic, Algebra, Euclid and History (1878 - ) \nTeacher at schools in Camperdown, South Yarra, St Kilda, Parkville and Brunswick (1904 - 1917) \nVice-president of the Women's Political Association (1912 - 1914)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bella-guerin-m-a-first-lady-graduate\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bella-lavender\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guerin-julia-margaret-1858-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guerin-bella\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lambert, Mary Therese", "Entry ID": "AWE0658", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lambert-mary-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Trade unionist", "Summary": "Trade union official Mary Lambert, State secretary of The Australian Hairdressers, Wigmakers & Hairworkers Employees Federation was also a member of many committees within the union movement. She was a union representative on several committees including the State Wages Board, Industrial Training Commission committees and trades committees.\n", "Events": "Attended Australian Council of Trade Union congress (1975 - 1975) \nAttended Australian Council of Trade Union congress (1977 - 1977) \nAttended Australian Council of Trade Union congress (1979 - 1979) \nAttended Australian Council of Trade Union congress (1981 - 1981) \nDelegate to the Victorian Trades Hall Council (1976 - 1976) \nFederal secretary of The Australian Hairdressers, Wigmakers & Hairworkers Employees Federation (1976 - 1976) \nMarried Keith Young Harvey (1975 - 1975) \nMember of the Finance Committee for the Trades Hall Council (1976 - 1978) \nState secretary of The Australian Hairdressers, Wigmakers & Hairworkers Employees Federation (Victorian Branch) (1976 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-hairdressers-wigmakers-hairworkers-employees-federation-1911-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyon, Heather Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE0660", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyon-heather-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Edithvale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator", "Summary": "Pre-school teacher and educator Heather Lyon was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire on 11 June 1977 for her service to education.\n", "Events": "Appointed a Member of the British Empire (1977 - 1977) \nAwarded Advanced Diploma from Kindergarten Training College, Melbourne (1939 - 1939) \nAwarded Diploma from Kindergarten Training College, Melbourne (1937 - 1937) \nAwarded the Free Kindergarten Union Travelling Scholarship for overseas study (1944 - 1946) \nAwarded the Fulbright\/Smith Mundt Research Scholarship for study in the United States of America (1958 - 1958) \nAwarded the Queen's Coronation Medal (1953 - 1953) \nConsultant to the New South Wales Teacher Education Board for accrediting pre-school courses (1973 - 1973) \nCouncil member of the Graduate Association of the Institute of Early Childhood Development (1978 - 1978) \nDirector of the Ada Mary A'Beckett Kindergarten at Fisherman's Bend (1942 - 1944) \nFellow of the Australian College of Education (FACE) (1968 - 1968) \nFoundation member for the Senate of the State College of Victoria (1973 - 1977) \nGained Bachelor of Science in Education from the University of Columbia (1946 - 1946) \nKindergarten teacher (1938 - 1941) \nLecturer at the Kindergarten Training College in Kew (1947 - 1951) \nMember of the Accreditation Panel for the Western Australian Tertiary Education Commission to accredit Early Childhood courses at the Western Australia Institute of Technology (1975 - 1975) \nMember of the Australian College of Education (MACE) (1959 - 1959) \nMember of the Church of England Kindergarten Council (1978 - 1978) \nMember of the Committee on Training Volunteers for Youth Work with the YWCA (1960 - 1970) \nMember of the Lyceum Club (Melbourne) (1952 - 1952) \nMember of the Premier's Committee on Equal Opportunity in Schools (1976 - 1976) \nMember of the State Enquiry into Teacher Education (1978 - 1981) \nMember of the Victorian Standing Committee on Pre-School Child Development (1975 - 1977) \nMember of the Zonta Club of Melbourne (1974 - 1980) \nPrincipal of the State College of Victoria Institute of Early Childhood Development (formerly Kindergarten Training College) (1952 - 1952) \nVice-principal at the Kindergarten Training College in Kew (1948 - 1951)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-steps-of-james-cowling-an-account-of-a-visit-to-st-agnes-cornwall-in-1981-with-some-genealogical-observations-and-sketches-of-the-lives-of-one-line-of-descendants-of-james-cowling-born-in\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-silver-tea-pot-the-story-of-how-the-teapot-presented-in-1824-to-john-lyon-of-edinburgh-together-with-other-relics-helped-to-trace-a-family-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-heather-lyon-college-principal-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/free-kindergarten-association-of-victoria-inc-formerly-free-kindergarten-union-of-victoria\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nicholson, Joyce Thorpe", "Entry ID": "AWE0663", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholson-joyce-thorpe\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mornington, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Feminist, Publisher", "Summary": "Joyce Nicholson was born in Melbourne, the daughter of publisher D.W. Thorpe. She was educated at Methodist Ladies College before completing a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Melbourne, where she was vice-president of the Student Representative Council. She has been active in the women's movement, involved in early years with the Women's Electoral Lobby (W.E.L.) and Sisters Publishing Ltd. She was Managing Director, and later sole owner, of D.W. Thorpe Pty Ltd from 1968 until 1987, when the firm was sold. She is the author of over 25 books, many of them written for children, others dealing with women's issues.\n", "Events": "Chief Executive Officer of Courtyard Press (1993 - 1993) \nChief Executive Officer of Jayen Press (1987 - 1992) \nCo-founder and director of Sisters Publishing Ltd (1979 - 1980) \nEditor of Newsletter for the Royal Historical Society of Victoria (1971 - 1974) \nFounding member of the National Book Council (1974 - 1974) \nJunior typist, secretary and sub-editor at D W Thorpe Pty Ltd (Melbourne) (1935 - 1946) \nManaging director and proprietor of D W Thorpe Pty Ltd (Melbourne), and editor, Australian Bookseller and Australian Books in Print (1968 - 1980) \nMarried George Harvey Nicholson (dec.1980), they had 4 children (1943 - 1943) \nOrganizer of the first Children's Book Week in Victoria (1957 - 1957) \nRecipient of the Lloyd O'Neil Award for services to the Book Industry (1998 - 1998) \nSecretary and executive member of the Australian Library Promotion Council (1972 - 1983) \nVice-president of the Student Representative Council at the University of Melbourne (1940 - 1940) \nWriter and part-time work at D W Thorpe Pty Ltd (Melbourne) (1947 - 1968)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-employment-strategies-and-outcomes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-life-in-books\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-life-of-books-the-story-of-d-w-thorpe-pty-ltd-1921-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/you-can-run-a-library\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yap-the-penguin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woop-the-wombat\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/why-women-lose-at-bridge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-society-does-to-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/successful-parties-and-social-evenings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sir-charles-and-the-lyrebird\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ringtail-the-possum\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-first-overlander\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mortar-board-for-priscilla\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/man-against-mutiny-the-story-of-vice-admiral-bligh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-little-green-tractor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-life-of-books-the-story-of-d-w-thorpe-pty-ltd-1921-1987-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerri-and-honey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-play-solo-complete-guide-to-solo-solo-whist-auction-solo-three-handed-solo-hints-on-bidding-and-play-scoring-illustrated-hands-with-special-chapter-for-beginners-who-have-never-played\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-play-auction-bridge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholson-joyce-thorpe-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholson-joyce-thorpe-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-publishing-ltd-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-students-representative-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/d-w-thorpe-pty-ltd\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/d-w-thorpe-pty-ltd-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/d-w-thorpe-pty-ltd-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/d-w-thorpe-pty-ltd-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pauses-motion-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Walker, Ellinor Gertrude", "Entry ID": "AWE0665", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/walker-ellinor-gertrude\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Poet, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Daughter of Arthur Walker and his wife Frances (n\u00e9e Sinclair), Ellinor Walker was born in Melbourne, Victoria and moved to Adelaide, South Australia when she was nine years old. She attended the Wilderness School, and was awarded the Tennyson Medal for English at the age of fifteen. Walker graduated as a kindergarten teacher, and spent two years as Director of the Halifax St Free Kindergarten. She then opened the Greenways School at her family home in Fullarton, and directed this for 24 years. At the age of eighteen she and a friend formed a Girls' Club to study political matters, and this led to her joining, at the age of 21, the Non-Party Association. She was an active member of this for 65 years, and when (as the League of Women Voters, which it had become) it voluntarily ended in 1979, she gave the valedictory speech. She was a passionate supporter of the League of Nations and the movement to maintain world peace. In 1940, with the help of Roma Mitchell (later Governor of South Australia) she drew up the Bill which became the Guardianship of Infants Act, No. 55 (1940), giving mothers equal rights with fathers over their children. In 1962 and 1963 she organised an Australia-wide campaign which resulted in recognition of the needs of civilian widows with dependent children. She was a member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). In 1964 she helped form the Local Government Women's Association, and in 1971 was president of the Women's Christian Temperance League, of which she had been a member since 1935. Walker wrote several historical pageants and she also wrote a monologue, 'The Story of the Franchise: How Women Won the Vote in SA' (1944) for the Golden Jubilee of Women's Suffrage. Her poem 'Lullaby' was set to music by Ruby R McCulloch, and is held in the Mortlock Library. Ellinor Walker was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 12 June 1971 for her service to the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-creative-writers-women-writers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-own-name-women-in-south-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fresh-evidence-new-witnesses-finding-womens-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellinor-gertrude-walker-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-ellinor-walker-sound-recording-interviewer-anne-geddes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radio-interview-with-ellinor-walker-sound-recording-interviewer-janet-robertson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/autobiographical-notes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citation-for-life-membership\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/copyright-certificates\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-ellinor-gertrude-walker-sound-recording-interviewer-mary-hutchison\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-ellinor-gertrude-walker-sound-recording-interviewer-beth-m-robertson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/juvenile-writings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-invitation-and-postcards\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-holidays\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/musical-scores\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newspaper-cutting\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituaries\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-pageants\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/play-scripts-for-performance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poetry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/typescripts-of-ellinor-walker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-social-political-union-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Miller, Beryl", "Entry ID": "AWE0670", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miller-beryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Beryl Miller was born in Geelong, Victoria. The daughter of British migrants she came to Adelaide after her marriage in 1945. She joined the Eureka Youth League at 15 and joined joining the Communist Party of Australia in 1952. She was involved with the Union of Australian Women, the Women's International Democratic Federation and the Australian Peace Committee. She left the Communist Party and became a foundation member of the Socialist Party of Australia. Miller represented South Australia in 1964 when the Communist Party of Australia organised the first women's delegation to Russia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-beryl-miller-sound-recording-interviewer-allison-murchie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-beryl-miller-sound-recording-interviewer-kirstin-marks\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fritsch, Berthe Mathilde", "Entry ID": "AWE0673", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fritsch-berthe-mathilde\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Baranduda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Missionary", "Summary": "Berthe Mathilde Fritsch (n\u00e9e Simpfendor) was born in 1896 in the Baranduda - Leneva District in Victoria, Australia. Her father was a Lutheran Pastor. She took over the housekeeping duties after her mother died in 1920. She married Walter Fritsch in 1922, moved to New South Wales then back to Victoria, before settling in Adelaide in 1938 at St Stephen's. There she joined the Lutheran Women's Guild, and the Lutheran Women's Association of South Australia. Fritsch served on the Ladies' Committee of Emmanuel College from 1942-1971 and represented the Lutheran Women's Association at the Women's Jubilee Convention in Canberra in 1951. In 1954 she went to Minneapolis, USA, to the LWF (Lutheran Womens' Federation?) assembly. She had 5 daughters who all graduated from the University of Adelaide.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-mak-le\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooper, Mavis Dawn", "Entry ID": "AWE0684", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-mavis-dawn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Jamestown, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Mavis Cooper, n\u00e9e Price, was born in Bairnsdale, Victoria and grew up in Melbourne. She trained as a nurse and moved to Jamestown, South Australia after she met her future husband, a farmer, on holiday there. After joining the Country Women's Association's choir in 1957, she was soon an office holder in the local branch. She progressed from Branch President to State President in 1974 and then National President in 1977. Mavis Cooper was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 14 June 1980 for service to the Country Women's Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mavis-dawn-cooper-sound-recording-interviewer-june-donovan\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tonkin, Miriam", "Entry ID": "AWE0695", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tonkin-miriam\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Kindergarten teacher, Peace activist, Women's health advocate, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Miriam Tonkin, n\u00e9e Brunning, was born in Melbourne, Victoria. She left school at 13 years of age to begin work. She was very active in the Eureka Youth League as a teenager and worked on the Communist Party's Guardian newspaper. Married in 1950 she and her husband moved to Adelaide with their five young children in 1958. In the late 1960s Tonkin became involved in the peace movement and Women's Liberation. Her belief in women's right to control their fertility led to her involvement in organisations including the Humanist Society, the Abortion Law Reform Association and the Friends of the Pregnancy Advisory Centre. Tonkin qualified as a kindergarten teacher in the mid 1970s and became active in her union and in education reform as well.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-miriam-tonkin-sound-recording-interviewer-barbara-baird\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Berton, Marina Elizabeth Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE0701", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berton-marina-elizabeth-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Marina Berton was born at Mildura, Victoria in 1948 to Italian-born parents who had emigrated in 1937. Berton moved to Adelaide to attend Wattle Park Teachers College in 1965. Early in her teaching career she became involved in English language adult education for migrants, and more recently in developing Italian language education for second generation Italo-Australians. Throughout, Berton has been much involved with the Italian Federation of Emigrant Workers and their Families (FILEF), including six years as its President.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-marina-berton-sound-recording-interviewer-helen-chryssides\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hailes, Dorothy (Jean)", "Entry ID": "AWE0751", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hailes-dorothy-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Dr Jean Hailes was a pioneer in women's health in Australia. In 1970 she began the first clinic in Australia dedicated to the management of women in midlife and beyond. Hailes was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for service to medicine particularly in relation to women. Following her death in 1988, her colleagues and friends created the Jean Hailes Foundation to honour her memory.\n", "Events": "Appointed Member of the Order of Australia (1986 - 1986) \nEstablished the first Menopause Clinic in Australia at Prince Henry's Hospital, Melbourne (1970 - 1970) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012) \nMarried Henry Buckhurst Kay and they had 3 children (1951 - 1951) \nMedical Officer at the Red Cross Bank, Melbourne (1962 - 1972) \nMedical Officer in charge of the Family Planning Clinic at Prince Henry's Hospital, Melbourne (1975 - 1980) \nMedical Officer in charge of the Menopause Clinic at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1976 - 1986) \nMedical Officer of the Family Planning Clinic at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1972 - 1983) \nPresident of Old Grammarians Society (1969 - 1969) \nPresident of the Parents Association at Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School (1978 - 1978) \nResident Medical Officer at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (1950 - 1950) \nStudent health medical officer at Monash University (1972 - 1972) \nStudent health medical officer at University of Melbourne (1972 - 1975) \nVoluntary work at Menopause Clinic, Prince Henry's Hospital, Melbourne (1970 - 1974) \nVoluntary work at the Family Planning Clinic, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1971 - 1974)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-middle-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Skene, Lillias Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE0755", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/skene-lillias-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Smythesdale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Welfare worker, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Lillias Skene was a prominent member of numerous women's groups and social welfare organisations in Melbourne from the early 1900s into the 1940s. She initially focussed on philanthropic work, but from the 1920s she devoted most of her energies to the Red Cross and the National Council of Women of Victoria. She was present at the inaugural meeting of the British (Australian) Red Cross on 25 August 1914 and was a member of the Victorian council from about 1920 until 1941. She became assistant-secretary of the National Council of Women in 1914, honorary secretary in 1916, vice-president in 1921 and president in 1924. In this year she also became foundation president of the federal council of the various State-based National Councils of Women.\n", "Details": "Lilias Skene was born in 1867 at Smythesdale, Victoria. She married David Skene, a sheepmaster, in 1888 and they had 4 children. The family moved several times, at one time running a dairy in Manly, before moving to Melbourne in 1906. Soon after this she joined several philanthropic and reform organisations included the Charity Organisation Society, the Lady Talbot Milk Institute and represented the Guild of Play on the National Council of Women of Victoria until the 1920s. For thirty years, from 1919, she was honorary secretary of the Women's Hospital Committee's board of management. In 1927 she became one of the first seven women Justices of the Peace in Victoria and played an active role in the Women Justices Association.\n", "Events": "State Relief Committee (1929 - ) \nVictorian Nursing Board (1927 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/skene-lillias-margaret-1867-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champions-of-the-impossible-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-sense-of-purpose-great-australian-women-of-the-20th-century\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-acceptable-face-of-feminism-national-council-of-women-1902-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1904-1960-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Peacock, Millie Gertrude", "Entry ID": "AWE0756", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peacock-millie-gertrude\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Political candidate", "Summary": "Lady Millie Peacock was the first woman member elected to the Victorian Parliament and the third woman elected to Parliament in Australia. On 1 January 1901 she married Victorian Parliamentarian Alexander Peacock (knighted 1902). Lady Peacock was the first President of the Creswick branch of the Australian Red Cross Society. She was a member of the Provisional Committee of the Victorian Division of the Australian branch of the British Red Cross Society (1914-1915). She then became a member of the Victorian Divisional Committee until 1934 and was a member of the Victorian General Committee until 1938. Following the death of her husband in 1933 Lady Peacock stood for and won her late husband's Legislative Assembly seat of Allandale. During her time in Parliament she made only one speech. She retired from Parliament in 1935.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-millie-peacock\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ivy-lavinia-weber-victorian-m-l-a-1937-1943-1979-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kirwan, Joan Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE0758", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kirwan-joan-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Nurse, Servicewoman", "Events": "Awarded the Royal Red Cross for her services to air force nursing (1957 - 1957) \nJoined the Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (1954 - 1954) \nMatron-in-chief of the Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (1975 - 1979)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raaf-nurse-who-flew-to-the-top-of-her-profession\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/story-of-the-raaf-nursing-service-1940-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Warren, Joyce Dorothy (Joy)", "Entry ID": "AWE0771", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/warren-joyce-dorothy-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Company director, Patron, Public relations professional", "Summary": "Joy Warren was a tireless fundraiser and patron of the arts in Canberra. She was the owner-director of Solander Gallery since 1974 and ran a public relations business geared towards the arts.\nShe had been an arts journalist and spent fifteen years with Canberra Repertory Society.\nOn 26 January 2001 Joy Warren was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for service to the arts, particularly in the Australian Capital Territory.\n", "Details": "As a child Joy Warren sang, danced and performed on radio. She was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, and went on to perform with the National Theatre in Melbourne.\nShe and her husband arrived in Canberra in 1955 and in her own words 'entered Canberra's cultural life two days after I arrived', by being cast in a play. She then spent fifteen years as a leading lady with Canberra Repertory Society and played a public-service wife in a film aimed at encouraging cadet diplomats with the Department of Foreign Affairs to move to Canberra and new overseas posts.\nWarren undertook courses in art at the Australian National University and interviewed artists for the Canberra-based Courier newspaper and the Canberra Times. She trained as a journalist and worked as a B-grade journalist with John Fairfax Pty Ltd from 1959 to 1962. She is the author of several articles in art magazines.\nIn 1963 Warren opened a public relations business, Joy Warren Promotions, oriented towards art and theatre, but her husband's consulting work with the United Nations took them overseas to live in the 1960s. In Irian Jaya she organised concerts and collected Asmat artefacts, and in Jordan she taught yoga to harem wives. She was a United Nations secretary in Indonesia from 1969 to 1971 and founded a newsletter, Projectile.\nOn returning to Canberra in the early 1970s she found artists seeking her help for exhibitions and so revived her public affairs business. At that time there was only one gallery in Canberra and she found enormous demand from artists all over the country wanting to show in Canberra. Organising shows and doing public relations for artists led her to open the Solander Gallery in 1974 in Yarralumla. The gallery has also brought exhibitions of Aboriginal, Papua New Guinean, Indonesian, African, Eskimo, Turkish, Mexican Peruvian, Indian and Japanese artists' work to Canberra.\nWarren was president of the Arts Ball Committee from 1961 to 1970, organising around nine balls to make money just for artists, was a board member of the Canberra Festival in 1975, and was appointed to the Board of Governors of Australia 77 in 1975. She was also a Commonwealth Valuer under the Taxation Incentives for the Arts Scheme. She was an Opera Board member in 1984 and vice-president of the Australian Commercial Galleries Association from 1983 to 1984. She is a life member of the National Press Club, a life associate of the Canberra Yacht Club and a member of Canberra Bridge Club.\nWarren's tireless fundraising and patronage for the arts saw her awarded a CAPO prize in 2002 for services to the arts community of Canberra.\nWarren and her husband have two sons.\n", "Events": "Board member for the Canberra Festival (1977 - 1977) \nMember of the Opera Board (1984 - 1984) \nPresident of the Arts Ball Committee, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) (1961 - 1970) \nVice-president of the Australian Commercial Galleries Association (1983 - 1984)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-canberra-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shore, Ivy (Billie)", "Entry ID": "AWE0777", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shore-ivy-billie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Paddington, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Summary": "Ivy Shore won the Portia Geach Memorial Art Award (Australia's richest and most prestigious art award for women painters only) with her first entry - a portrait of Della Elliott- in 1979. She went on to win \"Most Highly Commended\" prizes in the 'Portia' three times thereafter, making her the top winner in the history of the award.\n", "Details": "Ivy Shore was born in Brunswick, Victoria on 14 January 1915. She was the youngest of seven children born to New South Wales engineer John Williams and Elka (n\u00e9e Zandover - who came originally from Warsaw and was a leading light in the South Australian suffragette movement. Ivy remembers a photo of her mother being carried shoulder-high by other suffragettes, on the front page of an Adelaide newspaper). Ivy's parents moved often because John Williams was employed in jobs that varied from manager of the government battery at Mt Leonora in Western Australia to managing building projects in Victoria. When he died of influenza in 1919 the family was living in Melbourne, but after John was buried in Coburg Cemetery Elka took the children to Adelaide and settled near the beach at Glenelg. This was where Ivy grew up, in a big house always full of visitors and a happy environment always filled with friends. Ivy's childhood friends (like Lillian Appleton) always called her Billie. After finishing school Ivy trained as a seamstress. In 1936 Ivy met Irvine Alfred (Ray) Shore (b.13 Feb 1903 in Rosatala, South Australia) who was a rising star in financial management. When Ray pursued Ivy, she rejected him at first and ran away to Sydney with her best friend Lillian. But Ray followed her there, and they were eventually married at St Jude's Church of England Randwick on 12 November 1938. They initially lived in Carrington Road, Randwick, and Ray established the offices of Ray Shore Pty Ltd (Financiers) in Castlereagh Street Sydney. Ray's business prospered and by 1950 they had two boys Harvey (14 February 1947) and Russell (29 April 1949) and had moved into a big house at 1 Black Street, Vaucluse. But the marriage did not proceed smoothly, and by 1957 it was failing. Ivy was encouraged by her friends to seek an interest outside the Vaucluse home. Some of them had recently enrolled for art classes with a new painter in Sydney who had just been made a fellow of the Royal Art Society and sold his first Archibald entry to the Art Gallery of NSW. They encouraged Ivy to enrol in his classes too. The new painter was Graeme Inson.\nIn 1960, Ivy and Ray Shore separated. The home in Vaucluse was sold, and Ivy bought a house at 29 Ocean Street Woollahra. She lived there until she died in 1999. Ivy's relationship with Graeme Inson now strengthened. In 1962, Ray Shore died. Soon afterwards, Graeme also moved into 29 Ocean Street and it also became his home until he died in 2000. Ivy looked after Graeme's domestic needs and shared his professional and social life. Their relationship was extremely harmonious in almost every aspect. Through the 60s Ivy continued to develop her artistic skills under Graeme's tutelage, and he in turn eventually dubbed her \"my greatest student.\" Ivy painted many landscapes and still-life, but always loved portraits best.\nGraeme was a strict teacher, who allowed little variance in his Meldrum Method of tonal impressionism. But Ivy was brave enough to follow her own instincts, and develop her own artistic technique beyond the strict Meldrum Method. She also wanted to enter art competitions, but she felt that entering major competitions like the Archibald would put her in conflict with Graeme. So instead she focused on the Portia Geach Memorial Art Award, Australia's richest art competition for women painters only. In 1976, Ivy entered the 'Portia' for the first time with a portrait of Margaret Shore. This was selected by the judges for hanging, and it now hangs permanently at Cheltenham Girls High School where Margaret became a celebrated headmistress.) In succeeding years Ivy continued to enter the 'Portia' with portraits of actress June Salter (1977) and Lorna O'Regan (1978). Her portraits continued to be hung every year.\nIn 1979, Ivy won the Portia Geach Art Award with her portrait of Kondelia (Della) Elliott, wife of celebrated communist leader of the Australian Seaman's Union Elliot V. Elliott. Ivy's winning entry in the 'Portia' was also her first departure from the strict Meldrum Method taught by Graeme Inson. This departure charmed the 'Portia' judges (including John Coburn and Lady Fairfax) but annoyed Graeme to the extent that he actually walked out of the family celebration and went to live in his studio (which by now had moved from Rowe Street to a building in Sussex Street that had once been The Dundee Arms Hotel.) He later apologised and returned home after a week. Graeme claimed he had been upset by Ivy's departure from the Meldrum Method. Others said he was just miffed that Ivy had beaten him to win a prestigious award, though this does not seem likely because the 'Portia' is open to women artists only. Whatever the reason, they agreed to differ in their styles, and Ivy continued to develop hers, and to enter her developing style in the Portia Geach each year. Her 1980 portrait of Cranbrook School teacher George Woodger was again hung in competition. Her 1981 self-portrait was again hung and was specially 'Commended' by the judges. Her 1982 self-portrait Triptych was again hung and won the 'Highly Commended Award.' So too did her 1986 self-portrait. Ivy's paintings continued to be hung in the 'Portia', and were also hung on many occasions by the judges of the Royal Easter Show Art Prize Exhibition. She was approached often to enter portraits for the Archibald Prize, but her teacher Graeme Inson was also competing for that prize, so Ivy typically chose harmony over honours and left the Archibald to him. Graeme declared that Ivy's work had achieved a 'unique excellence', and took pride in calling her 'my greatest student'. But he continued to express displeasure at her developing style. So Ivy used her 'Portia' prize-money to have a studio built to her specifications by architect Peter Moffitt above the garage of her Woollahra home, and did all her painting from there - away from Graeme's sight. This allowed harmony to remain in their relationship. However a continuing resistance from Graeme eventually slowed Ivy's output. She last entered the 'Portia' with a self-portrait called \"Looking Back\" (1992), which showed herself looking at the floating images of her face from previous 'Portia' self-portraits. In 1993, she painted \"Influences\" - a tribute to the five people who had most influenced her developing style. It showed Henry Henke, Robert Haines, Justin O'Brien, Graeme Inson and Lloyd Rees at a dinner table, with Graeme Inson holding forth as usual with a wine glass in hand. This painting now hangs in The Dundee Arms Hotel with others, including Graeme's most loved portrait of Ivy herself, as part of a permanent exhibition mounted as a tribute to Inson and Shore by the Sheraton Group, following their acquisition of the building in 1985.\nWith this portrait, Ivy ceased painting. She later said it became a choice between her art and her relationship with Graeme Inson - and she chose her relationship! Happily this endured. Ivy continued to look after Graeme's affairs and his classes when he began to travel overseas on extensive painting trips. Their extensive correspondence that resulted from these trips was compiled into a manuscript by Graeme and is now preserved in the archives of the Art Gallery of NSW. Ivy also looked after Graeme when he was diagnosed with bowel cancer in 1996 and successfully operated on.\nIn 1998, Ivy herself became ill with a swollen spleen. This was eventually removed, but during the operation (at St Vincent's Hospital in Paddington) cancer was discovered. This developed quickly and, sadly, Ivy died on 25 August, 1999. She was cremated in the North Shore Crematorium and her ashes were scattered by Graeme and her two children on the Rose Garden at Centennial Park where she had often taken her children when they were small so they could feed the ducks in the nearby pond.\nGraeme Inson continued to live in Ivy's home - for just nine months. On 9 May, 2000 he became suddenly ill while teaching a class of his students, and was rushed to St Vincent's Hospital where Ivy had died nine months earlier. He spent a peaceful night. But on the following morning - 10 May - Graeme suddenly had a massive heart attack and died. His friends said he died from a broken heart!\nGraeme was cremated in the same chapel as Ivy, at the North Shore Crematorium, and his ashes were scattered beside hers on the Rose Garden in Centennial Park by his step-sons Harvey and Russell Shore. Their mortal remains now rest together on a bed of roses - a requiem this artistic couple - who always loved laughter - would have truly appreciated.\nHer work hangs in many galleries and private collections around Australia and overseas in the United Kingdom and in Paris (France). Ivy was cherished to the end of her rich life and beyond by her sons Harvey and Russell, by many in the Arts community, and by an extraordinarily large circle of loving friends.\nLove life and share it, and remember that you are the hero of your own story. IVY SHORE.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cochrane, June", "Entry ID": "AWE0850", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cochrane-june\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Casterton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Nurse educator", "Summary": "June Cochrane began nursing training at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1950 and became a nurse educator after a chronic disability prevented her from continuing as a clinical nurse. For nineteen years she was the Principal Nurse Educator at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Adelaide. She was an active member of the Royal Australian Nursing Federation and council member of the Royal College of Nursing Australia, becoming its Executive Director in 1981. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1992 for services to nursing.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-june-cochrane-sound-recording-interviewer-joan-durdin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hurn, Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE0852", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hurn-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Nurse educator", "Summary": "Ruth Hurn, n\u00e9e Derbyshire, was born in Melbourne. During the early years of World War II she was a Red Cross volunteer at the Port Lincoln Hospital. In 1945 she commenced training at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH). In 1969 she was appointed Nursing Advisor to the Hospitals Department. During five years in this post, Hurn was associated with several developments in nursing education including the tertiary nursing course at Sturt College of Nursing in Adelaide. After retirement from the Hospitals Department she spent five years as Director of Nursing at the Berri Hospital.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-ruth-hurn-sound-recording-interviewer-joan-durdin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wotherspoon, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE0870", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wotherspoon-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Nurse educator", "Summary": "Judith Wotherspoon was born in Melbourne and came to Adelaide with her parents at the age of eight. After nursing in Papua New Guinea, Britain and Canada, Judith studied at Flinders University for a Bachelor of Arts degree. Subsequently she worked in the field of community health and as a part-time lecturer at Sturt College of Advanced Education. Between 1982 and 1985 she was senior lecturer in nursing at the Darwin Community College, then went to the University of New South Wales to complete a masters degree in health planning. In 1988 she took up an appointment as lecturer in nursing at the South Australian Institute of Technology (now the University of South Australia).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-judith-wotherspoon-sound-recording-interviewer-joan-durdin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cranswick, Isobel (Hilary)", "Entry ID": "AWE0872", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cranswick-isobel-hilary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Hilary Cranswick, n\u00e9e Hogarth, was born in Victoria. When her father enlisted in the war Hilary came with her mother and sister to live with relatives in Adelaide. Her father was killed during the war. She went to Britain in 1939 and held many wartime nursing positions including accompanying children of one of her employers to Canada when the blitz necessitated their evacuation. On returning to Australia in 1942 Hilary joined the Australian Army Nursing Service and had postings in Papua New Guinea and in New South Wales. She retired from nursing after her marriage.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hogarth-isobel-hilary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-hilary-cranswick-sound-recording-interviewer-joan-durdin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "West, Doris", "Entry ID": "AWE0906", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-doris\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Horsham, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Dorrie West went to school in Horsham, Victoria, before moving to Adelaide with her family. She completed a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Adelaide in 1921 and her teacher training. A teacher at Adelaide High School she left her position upon marriage in 1934, as was the custom of the time. During World War II she returned to teaching. She was an active member of both the YWCA and the Australian Federation of University Women. Following the death of her husband she joined the Lyceum Club and was President 1957-59. Her bequest to the University of Adelaide supports postgraduate scholarships for women and concerts at the Elder Conservatorium in Adelaide. Relatives remember Dorrie as being very engaging and encouraging.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-dorothy-west-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mrs-doris-west-nee-hunter-sound-recording-interviewer-pamela-runge\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mander-Jones, Lois Jessie", "Entry ID": "AWE0915", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mander-jones-lois-jessie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beeac, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Counsellor, Researcher, University teacher", "Summary": "Lois Mander-Jones grew up in Victoria and attended Presbyterian Girls College in Geelong. In 1940 she joined the Union Bank in Melbourne and then joined the Army. She was on General Blamey's staff in Queensland. She became the personal assistant to the Director of Intelligence Brigadier John Rogers and also worked for Brigadier Kenneth Wills. On 9 June 1943 she married Evan Mander-Jones. Her husband went to New Guinea and returned to be the head of the Intelligence School. As couples could not work in the same unit she was transferred to Army Education. She became pregnant and was discharged from the army. She lost this baby and another child. Her husband was appointed Director of Education in South Australia. She had three sons and continued to work for the University. They spent a year overseas in 1959. She did a marriage guidance course and counselled for five years. Family commitments were dominant in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1965 she enrolled in a Diploma of Social Work and in 1968 she took a part time job as a research worker with the Institute of Technology. From 1970 to 1978 she worked as a part time supervisor and trainer of counsellors. Her husband died in 1975. In 1978 she started working at Flinders University as a part time social work demonstrator and she retired in 1982. She became involved with the Lyceum Club being Vice President and President and in 1993 Australian President of the Association of Lyceum Clubs. Mander-Jones was awarded honorary life membership in 1993.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcdonald-lois-jessie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recording-of-reminiscences-at-lyceum-clubs-70th-anniversary-dinner-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-lois-mander-jones-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bright, Elizabeth Holden", "Entry ID": "AWE0917", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bright-elizabeth-holden\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Lady Elizabeth Bright, the daughter of Herbert Boyd and Annie (n\u00e9e Holden) Flaxman graduated from Melbourne University in medicine in 1937. She became a resident at the Queen Victoria Hospital for women and children. She moved to the Adelaide Children's Hospital in 1939, met Charles Bright and was married in 1940. During the War Bright worked as a locum and did the medical examinations for the Women's Australian National Service (WANS) recruits. She wrote \"The Diary of a woman Doctor\" for the Advertiser. She became the honorary medical officer for the Kindergarten Union of South Australia and was on the Social Welfare Committee of the Red Cross. Bright travelled extensively with her husband, Sir Charles Bright. She became patron of the South Australian branch of the Women Writer's Association from 1982 to 1991 and in 1983 published a book written by her late husband called The confidential clerk about Charles Flaxman and George Fife Angas.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-confidential-clerk-a-study-of-charles-flaxman-in-south-australia-and-his-relationship-with-george-fife-angas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-lady-elizabeth-bright-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brookes, Helen May", "Entry ID": "AWE0931", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brookes-helen-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Entomologist", "Summary": "Helen Brookes was born in Melbourne and moved several times before settling in Adelaide in 1929. She started her working career at the Waite Institute with Dr Davidson. Later Brookes became a technical assistant and eventually senior lecturer as a systematic entomologist. Following her retirement, in 1982, she presented her insect collection to the Australian National Insect Collection in Canberra. Brookes was a member of the Lyceum and Minerva Clubs. In 1999, Year of the Older Person, Brookes was invited to a symposium in Canberra as an outstanding older woman scientist.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-helen-brookes-sound-recording-interviewer-lois-mander-jones\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kumm, Frances Gertrude", "Entry ID": "AWE0969", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kumm-frances-gertrude\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collingwood, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Frances Gertrude Kumm (nee Cato), influenced by her mother F.J. Cato and sister Una Porter (nee Cato) - both ardent Young Women's Christian Association supporters - joined the Young Women's Christian Association's National World Fellowship Committee in 1931 and was made president of the Young Women's Christian Association of Melbourne (1943 - 1945).\nKumm held the office of National president from 1945 - 1951, visiting 'all local associations' throughout Australia during this time. She attended the World Young Women's Christian Association Council meetings in China (1947) and Lebanon (1951) and was 'for some time' Vice President of the World Young Women's Christian Association Council.\nInstrumental in early Young Women's Christian Association immigration committees, Kumm was elected to the Commonwealth Immigration Advisory Council in 1949 and was President of the Victoria National Council of Women. She received an OBE in 1948 and made the Queen's Birthday Honours List.\n", "Details": "Served on numerous committees: National World Fellowship (joined 1931); National Extension (1938-40); Southern Regional (1944). It is claimed in the sources that she had an ongoing interest in immigration issues, which led to her election to the Immigration Advisory Council.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kumm-frances-gertrude-1886-1966\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dauntless-bunch-the-story-of-the-ywca-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-anxious-future-australian-christian-womens-organisations-meet-the-modern-world-1890s-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maddigan, Judith (Judy) Marilyn", "Entry ID": "AWE1001", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maddigan-judith-judy-marilyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "On 25 February 2003 Judy Maddigan was elected the 32nd person, and first female, to hold the office of Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in Victoria. She held this position until December 2006. The daughter of William Joseph and Bessie Irene (n\u00e9e Hurley) Todd, Judy was educated at Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School before entering the University of Melbourne. She holds a Bachelor of Commerce, Graduate Diploma of Librarianship and a Masters of Librarianship and Information Services (Conservation and Archives). Prior to entering Parliament, Maddigan worked for the Commonwealth Public Service, was a Branch Services Librarian with the City of Maribyrnong and a Councillor with the City of Essendon. During this time she received the State 'Clean Air Award' by leading the campaign to ban incinerators in the City. Maddigan has a long history of involvement in local community groups including Women's Organisations, the Essendon Historical Society and the Friends of Essendon Library. During the 1990s she was involved with the 'Defend Public Libraries' campaign which was organised to protect public libraries from the effects of compulsory competitive tending and amalgamations. An unsuccessful candidate for the Australian Labor Party at the 1992 state election, Maddigan was elected as a Member of Victorian Parliament to represent the Electoral District of Essendon in the Legislative Assembly in March 1996 and was re-elected in 1999, 2002 and 2006. She retired at the November 2010 election.\n", "Events": "Branch Services Librarian with the City of Maribyrnong (1990 - 1995) \nChairperson of the Ministerial Advisory Council on Libraries (2002 - 2002) \nChairperson of the Portrayal of Women in Outdoor Advertising Committee (2001 - 2001) \nCouncillor with the City of Essendon (1985 - 1991) \nDeputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees for the Legislative Assemby (1999 - 2003) \nElected first female Speaker of the Legislative Assembly (Victoria) (2003 - 2003) \nElected Member Legislative Assembly (ALP) for Essendon, Victoria (1996 - ) \nEmployed with the Commonwealth Public Service (1970 - 1976) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nLibrarian with Moonee Valley Regional Library (1983 - 1986) \nLibrarian with the Catholic Regional College Sydenham (1987 - 1989) \nMember of the Parliamentary Environment and Natural Resources Committee (1996 - 1999) \nMember of the Parliamentary Library Committee (1996 - 1999) \nMember of the Parliamentary Public Accounts and Estimates Committee (1999 - 2003) \nMember of the Parliamentary Standing Orders Committee (1999 - 1999) \nOpposition Parliamentary Secretary for Planning (1999 - 1999) \nOpposition Parliamentary Secretary for the Arts (1996 - 1999)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-depression-in-essendon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-essendon-river-league-and-the-maribyrnong-river\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-hospital-for-essendon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maribyrnong-record-past-images-of-the-river\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-moonee-ponds-courthouse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queens-park-moonee-ponds\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/questions-for-judy-maddigan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Quagliotti, Winnie", "Entry ID": "AWE1079", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/quagliotti-winnie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Koondrook-Barham, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Aboriginal spokesperson, Community worker", "Summary": "Winnie Quagliotti was raised on Coranderrk Aboriginal station in Victoria, and moved to Dandenong in the late 1960s. She was a grand-niece of William Barak, chief of the Wurundjeri (Woiworung). As a spokesperson for her people, she was known throughout Australia. She was chairperson of the Aboriginal Housing Board, a founding member of the Dandenong Aboriginal Cooperative, and a founder of the Burrai Child Care Centre and the Aboriginal Family Aid Support Unit.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clark, Mavis Thorpe", "Entry ID": "AWE1095", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clark-mavis-thorpe\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "Mavis Thorpe Clark was a prolific writer of children's fiction who, in late life, also wrote for adults. In the process of researching her first adult book, Pastor Doug, the biography of Sir Douglas Nicholls, she created a large archive of letters and correspondence of relevance to indigenous scholarship.\n", "Details": "Mavis Thorpe Clark was born in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1909. Her writing career began at the age of 14, when the Australasian published, as a children's serial, her work The Red School, by no means a masterpiece, but her first literary endeavour. Her first published book, written when she was 18 and sold to Whitcombe and Tombs in 1930 for the then handsome sum of \u00a330, was Hatherley's First Fifteen, a boy's adventure story about Rugby football.\nHer first book for adults, Pastor Doug, the biography of Sir Douglas Nicholls, Aboriginal pastor later appointed Governor of South Australia, was published in 1965 and re-issued in 1973 in a revised second edition. In 1979, she published another Doug Nicholls's biographical account under the title The Boy from Cumeroogunga. In order to complete this task, she researched Aboriginal archives and associated with Aboriginal people, and has left a large amount of personal notes, correspondence, research files, etc. of relevance to Aboriginal scholarship.\nUnlike most authors, Clark did not suffer rejection of any book submitted for publication. She became an extremely prolific writer and published 32 books, mostly for children, five of which were broadcast as serials by the Australian Broadcasting Commission. Her book The Min Min won the 1967 Australian Children's Book of the Year award, and film rights to The Sky Is Free were bought by the Walt Disney organisation. Clark died in Melbourne in 1999, at the age of 90. She has been honoured by having the national Fellowship of Australian Writers Mavis Thorpe Clark Award named after her.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-mean-destiny-the-story-of-the-war-widows-guild-of-australia-1945-85\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trust-the-dream-an-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aborigines-in-society-the-man-from-cummeragunja\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-mavis-thorpe-clark\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manuscript-and-research-files-1894-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1973-1986-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-to-grade-fives-blackburn-south-primary-school-1974-aug-2-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mavis-thorpe-clark-1920-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Santospirito, Lena", "Entry ID": "AWE1096", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/santospirito-lena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Migrant community advocate", "Summary": "Lena Santospirito was one of the first Italo-Australian women to assume a leadership role in the provision of welfare and community services to Melbourne's Italian community. The Australian born daughter of Italian parents who migrated to Australia in the 1890s, Mrs Santospirito was the first woman (and layperson) to be appointed President of the Archbishop's Committee for Italian Relief. She held this position between 1946 and 1955, a period that coincided with the beginnings of mass migration from Italy to Australia. Her energy and generosity in this role, as she combined it with her responsibilities as a wife and mother, were recognised by the Italian government in 1958 when she was awarded the Italian Star of Solidarity.\nAfter her resignation from the committee in 1955, Mrs Santospirito continued her community work for various religious and charitable organisations. She passed away in 1983 and is remembered for her tireless work, her faith and the generosity she showed to so many people in Melbourne's Italian community.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-santospirito-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lena-santospirito-the-person\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-advocate\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/santospirito-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moore, Edith Eliza", "Entry ID": "AWE1132", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Community worker, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Edith Moore was the daughter of Sir Thomas a'Beckett, Judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria, and Isabella, daughter of Sir Archibald Michie. She married Sir William Harrison Moore, Professor of Law in the University of Melbourne and Constitutional Advisor to the Victorian Government in 1898. She was prominent in numerous organizations: the Travellers' Aid Society of Victoria; the Country People's Holiday Camps Association; the National Council of Women; the Housewives' Association; the Women's Rural Industries Company; the League of Women Voters of Victoria and other bodies. She continued to be active after the death of her husband in 1935. She died in 1974.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza-harrison\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clarke, Janet Marion", "Entry ID": "AWE1134", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-janet-marion\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Doogallook Station, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist, socialite", "Summary": "Janet Clarke (n\u00e9e Snodgrass) was a society hostess and leading patron of good causes in Melbourne from the 1880s until her death. She was a member of the Charity Organisation Society, the Austral Salon, the Melbourne District Nursing Society, the Talbot Epileptic Colony committee, the Alliance Fran\u00e7aise, the Dante Society, the Women's Hospital Committee, the Hospital for Sick Children and the City Newsboys' Society. She helped to organise the Women's Work Exhibition in 1907. Clarke's influence was such that she became the first president of the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902, and of the Australian Women's National League in 1904.\n", "Details": "Born at Doogallook station on the Goulburn River, Janet was the daughter of Peter Snodgrass, described by Michael Clarke as 'a fearless horseman' but also as 'a neglectful manager and an unfortunate politician [who] left his widow and nine children destitute'. Following her father's death, Janet was given tutelage by Arbella Winter-Cooke at 'Murndal', near Hamilton, before taking up a post as a companion for Mary Clarke and her children in Sunbury in 1869. On 12 April 1871, however, the pregnant Mary Clarke fell from a pair-horse buggy. She suffered a miscarriage and died the same day. Janet remained at the property to care for the Clarke children. In 1872, at twenty-one years of age, she became engaged to William. The pair were married on 21 January 1873. The following year, William inherited the vast fortune of his father, pastoralist W.J.T. 'Big' Clarke. Janet Clarke, a novice to the combined role of wife and society hostess, was thrown into Melbourne's elite social circle. Years later, Michael Clarke would note that his grandmother was 'conscious of her deficiencies. She covered her ignorance by being a good listener. She concealed her lack of social know-how by being a thoughtful hostess and a cautious guest. She was deferential to her elders and betters, kind to nervous young ladies and considerate to servants'.\nSir William and Lady Janet Clarke, as they became, had eight children: Clive Snodgrass (1873), Mary Janet (1874), William Lionel Russell (1876), Agnes Petrea Josephine (1877), Francis Grenville (1879), Reginald Hastings (1880), Lily Vera Montagu Douglas (1883), and Ivy Victoria (1887). Though Petrea (or 'Josie' as Janet referred to her) died in infancy, William had four children from his first marriage and theirs was a full house. As early as August 1874 the foundation stone was laid for the building of Rupertswood, the family home in Sunbury, with initial costs estimated at \u00a320,000. Cliveden, their East Melbourne mansion, was commissioned in 1886 and became a hub of social and charitable activity.\nThough the story is contested by some, legend has it that Janet Clarke holds a special place in the history of the Ashes Test series. In 1882 Ivo Bligh led a team from England to play three cricket test matches in Australia. The team spent Christmas at the Clarke property, Rupertswood, in Sunbury. After Rupertswood staff and Sunbury locals lost a social game to the English team, Lady Clarke apparently presented Bligh with a small urn containing the burnt ashes of the stumps and announced that she would like it to be a perpetual trophy between the two teams. The urn was donated to the MCC in 1927.\nJanet Clarke was a giant in nineteenth-century charitable circles. An article entitled 'Australian Lady Bountiful' in Table Talk (1885) acknowledged her practical charitable work for the Melbourne District Nursing Society, and recounted the presentation of an address and bible together with a petition to Lady Clarke containing 400 signatures from 'grateful working people' expressing 'our sincere thanks to you for your kindness and benevolence shown towards our sick and poor'. Punch magazine suggested that 'most of the big charitable works which had been carried through to a successful issue in Melbourne\u2026 had their origins in Janet Lady Clarke's ballroom'. On her death in 1909, the Leader pronounced that she 'stood at the head and front of almost every philanthropic movement'. A century later, her philanthropic legacy remains among the most enduring in Victoria in the areas of education, the arts and social welfare.\nJanet Clarke was particularly supportive of educational causes. She helped to establish the College of Domestic Economy (later the Emily McPherson College) and the Melbourne Church of England Girls Grammar School. She donated \u00a36,000 toward the building of a hostel for women university students at Trinity College (University of Melbourne). The hostel provided the first separate residential accommodation for women students and was later expanded and renamed Janet Clarke Hall.\nDespite her public activities, Janet Clarke did not support women's suffrage and promoted domesticity as the ordinary woman's natural duty. She did believe, however, that women's maternal and domestic influence was needed outside the home. Once women had obtained the vote, she encouraged political awareness among her own acquaintances, and was instrumental in the establishment of the Australian Women's National League.\nUpon the death of her husband in 1897, Lady Clarke became known as Janet, Lady Clarke. Sir William's baronetcy was inherited by his first son, Rupert, whose own wife took the title of Lady Clarke.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/most-eminent-woman-lady-janet-clarke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/janet-clarke-hall-1886-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-influence-the-first-fifty-years-of-women-in-the-liberal-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-of-rupertswood-the-life-and-times-of-william-john-clarke-first-baronet-of-rupertswood-1831-1897\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-national-league-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-janet-marion-1851-1909\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-janet-clarke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/19528\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thompson, Matilda Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE1155", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thompson-matilda-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Matilda Thompson was an active member of the Ballarat community. She raised a substantial sum of money for Ballarat's Avenue of Honour during the First World War and opened her home, Sunways, as a refuge for ex-servicemen.\n", "Details": "Born 1871 and raised in Ballarat, Matilda was the fifth child of John Clennell (an English-born engine driver) and Matilda McIntosh (Scottish-born). Though she left school aged 13, her work with E. Lucas & Co. (a women's clothing company) from 1905 reportedly led her to become Australia's first female commercial traveller, and after a trip abroad as a buyer for the company, she returned to take charge of its 500 female staff. In 1914 she married William Daniel Thompson, a wealthy mining speculator and widower with six children.\nMatilda was known for her patriotism. Between 1917 and 1919, she and the \"Lucas Girls\" raised money for Ballarat's Avenue of Honour (3912 trees along a 14 mile avenue) and subsequently for its Arch of Victory, reputedly costing \u00a310,600 in total. Later Matilda taught women's health and exercise classes, travelling throughout Victoria to speak to women's groups, and used profits from her classes to erect a roll of honour at Ballarat, recording the names of those servicemen honoured in the Avenue. Both during and after the war she arranged welcome home ceremonies for returned soldiers and eventually opened her home \"Sunways\", on the shores of Lake Wendouree, as a refuge house for struggling ex-servicemen.\nMatilda's patriotic efforts were recognised in 1939 when she received the gold medal of the Returned Sailors' and Soldiers' Imperial League of Australia; and again in 1941 when she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (M.B.E.).\nWidowed in 1927, Matilda died in 1959 and was buried at Ballarat. The Ballarat Courier lamented, \"it will be a long time before another personality of her ability and generosity appears on the Ballarat scene, and the special place which she made for herself in the community is unlikely again to be filled.\"\n\"Sunways\" now operates as an aged care facility under the patronage of UnitingCare (The Uniting Church of Australia).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thompson-matilda-louise-1871-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Porter, Una Beatrice", "Entry ID": "AWE1157", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/porter-una-beatrice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist, Psychiatrist", "Summary": "Una B. Porter (n\u00e9e Cato) was a renowned psychiatrist, philanthropist and devotee of the Methodist Church in Melbourne, Victoria. She was the first female member of staff at Ballarat Mental Hospital in 1946. In 1963 she was elected World President of the YWCA and travelled extensively. In recognition of her services to the community she was appointed Officer of the British Empire (OBE) in 1961, and Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in 1968.\n", "Details": "Una B. Porter was the youngest daughter of Fanny (n\u00e9e Bethune) and Frederick John Cato, prominent businessman and co-founder of the Moran & Cato grocery company, known for his generosity and commitment to the Methodist Church. From her parents Una inherited a deep and lasting Christian faith that would become the driving force behind her own career and philanthropic activities.\nThough Una was forced to cease her formal education at the age of 14 owing to ill health, she returned to study at the age of 30, matriculating before gaining entry to the University of Melbourne as a medical student. There she specialised in psychiatry and trained at Prince Henry's Hospital, the Royal Park Mental Hospital and the Children's Hospital, before taking a post in 1946 at the Ballarat Mental Hospital where she was the first female member of staff, overseeing 512 female patients. She later worked in private practice and was instrumental in the establishment of a psychiatric clinic at the Queen Victoria Hospital, where she continued work in her retirement as Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist and counsellor for nurses.\nIn 1946 Una married James Roland Porter, an ex-RAAF squadron leader and lifelong friend.\nThroughout her life, Una maintained a strong link with the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) and in 1963 was elected World President of this organisation. Her post, which she retained for four years, involved frequent overseas travel (including India, the Philippines, Europe, North and South America, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Greece, Africa and Israel), advising and encouraging local YWCA groups. In 1964 she was elected Woman of the Year.\nUna's philanthropic work was extensive. In addition to administering the F.J. Cato Charitable and Benevolent Fund together with the Cato Lectureship, and later the James and Una Porter Trust Fund, she made substantial personal donations to hospitals, universities and community organisations, notably the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Epworth Hospital, Methodist Ladies College, Cato College, Queen Victoria Hospital and of course the YWCA.\nUna B. Porter was appointed O.B.E. (1961) and C.B.E. (1968) in recognition of her services to the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/if-god-prospers-me-a-portrait-of-frederick-john-cato\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cato-frederick-john-1858-1935\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/growing-together-letters-between-frederick-john-cato-and-frances-bethune-1881-to-1884\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/una-porter-cbe-obe-1900-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-great-form-of-love-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ywca-and-the-subject-of-great-concern-to-women-the-boss-speaks-up-for-her-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/porter-una-beatrice-1900-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1912-ca-1970-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brownbill, Fanny Eileen", "Entry ID": "AWE1158", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brownbill-fanny-eileen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Modewarre, Geelong district, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Political candidate, Politician", "Summary": "Fanny Brownbill was the first woman Labor Member of Parliament in Victoria. She held the Legislative Assembly seat of Geelong for ten years from 1938 until her death in 1948. In Parliament she focused on issues relating to women, children and the family.\n", "Details": "Fanny Brownbill, nee Alford was born on 28 April 1890 at Modewarre, near Geelong, daughter of James Alford, labourer and Ann Abbott, who was born in England. She was educated at local state schools and grew up in impoverished circumstances.\nAfter working as his Housekeeper for seven years, she married James Brownbill a widower with four children on 24 January 1920. He was elected to the Victorian Parliament as member for Geelong in the same year. He represented the residents of Geelong for fifteen years from 1920 until 1932 and then from 1935 until his death in 1938. Fanny Brownbill presented herself as a candidate in the ensuing by-election for the seat of Geelong and was elected. She promoted the cause of women, children and the family during her time in parliament.\nHer community activities included serving as president of the Matthew Flinders Girls' School Council, the Geelong and Western District Orphanage Ladies' Auxiliary and as a member of the Geelong Young Women's Christian Association and the Ladies' Benevolent Society. She was also a committee member of the Old Folks Home, a Justice of the Peace, a worker for the Red Cross , the Australian Comforts Fund during World War Two and other charities. She was an active member of the Latrobe Terrace Church of Christ.\nShe died in office in 1948 and at that time was the only female member in the Victorian parliament.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2003 - 2003)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brownbill-fanny-eileen-1890-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fanny-brownbill-victorias-first-woman-labor-mp\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parliamentary-debates-session-1947-48-legislative-council-and-legislative-assembly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blair, Nerida", "Entry ID": "AWE1164", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blair-nerida\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Policy adviser, Public servant", "Summary": "Nerida Blair, daughter of Harold Blair, was born in Victoria. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree, a Graduate Diploma in Education and a Master of Arts (Honours) in Education.\nBlair has held a number of positions lecturing in Aboriginal Studies, and counselling and tutoring in various educational institutions. From 1984 to 1989 she was Head of the Aboriginal Education Support Unit at the Catholic Education Centre in Sydney. In 1989 she moved to Canberra to become a Policy Officer for the Department of Employment, Education and Training. She then joined the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Canberra for one year, and was actively involved in indigenous people's issues nationally and internationally.\n1990 saw Blair move to Sydney to become a Policy Adviser with the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. In 1998, she was appointed Associate Professor to the Umulliko Indigenous Higher Education Research Centre at the University of Newcastle.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maris, Hyllus Noel", "Entry ID": "AWE1170", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maris-hyllus-noel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cummeragunja Station, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Community worker, Educator, Scriptwriter", "Summary": "Co-founder of the National Council of Aboriginal and Island Women in 1970, Hyllus Noel Maris co-wrote the award-winning Women of the Sun, which was later adapted as a screen production by the ABC.\n", "Details": "Hyllus Noel Maris, of Yorta Yorta and Wurundjeri (Woiwurrung) descent, was born in 1934 in Echuca, Victoria. She spent her early childhood at Cummeragunja, where her grandmother imparted to her a detailed knowledge of her culture and family relationships in Victoria. Her family took part in the Walk-off from Cummeragunja in 1939 and settled near Shepparton, where Maris attended school. She subsequently moved to Melbourne, where she helped found the National Council of Aboriginal and Island Women in 1970. From this body grew the Aboriginal medical and legal services in Fitzroy, of which Maris was a co-founder.\nIn the mid-1970s, she collaborated with the Austrian-born author, Sonia Borg, in writing Women of the Sun, a history of Australia over the previous 200 years, as seen through the experiences of a number of Aboriginal women. Adapted as an ABC television series in 1982, Women of the Sun won many awards, including the United Nations Media Peace Prize and the AWGIE award of the Australian Writers Guild. Maris was largely responsible for the establishment, in 1982, of Worawa College, Victoria's first Aboriginal school.\nShe died of cancer in 1986, and was buried at Cummeragunja.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-sun\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nanny", "Entry ID": "AWE1178", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nanny\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Maloga Aboriginal Mission, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Traditional Aboriginal custodian", "Summary": "Nanny, whose original name is unknown, was probably born into the Toolinyagan group of the Yorta Yorta (Pangerang) people. She married a man named Jackey, of the Pallangan-mittang group of the Waveroo people further up the Murray River. After a number of violent clashes between the Riverina peoples and the incoming pastoralists, Nanny and Jackey settled on Barnawartha station.\nIn May 1843 Jackey was shot by the convict drover Jack Tunnecliffe, following which the Pallangan-mittang and Yorta Yorta attacked several stations in the vicinity to avenge his death. Two settler shepherds and at least five Aboriginal people were killed during these raids. Nanny protested Jackey's murder to the Commissioner of Crown Lands at Ulupna, who duly informed Governor Gipps. Nothing, however, was done about it.\nIn the mid-1870s Nanny, together with her daughter Ellen and son-in-law Charcoal, moved to the Maloga mission, to join her relatives. The women were very distressed when missionary Daniel Matthews showed them some photographs of the dead Yorta Yorta people they had known. When five of Ellen's grandchildren died, Nanny observed traditional mourning ceremonies by burning herself with firesticks. She herself was among the many Yorta Yorta people who died in 1881-82.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pepper-Connolly, Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE1184", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pepper-connolly-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Port Albert, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Childcare worker, Health worker", "Summary": "Louise Pepper-Conolly was of Kurnai descent. Her mother was killed by squatters and she, in her grandsons' words, 'was overtaken and wounded by gun pellets'. Later, in search of her own people, she settled on the Ramahyuck mission. There she married Nathaniel Pepper, and the couple were given charge of children in the mission orphanage house.\nUpon her husband's death in 1877, Louise remained in charge of the orphanage which, at times, housed 20 children as consumption took its toll on the Kurnai. In 1886, government assimilation policy forced Louise and her family from Ramahyuck to Stratford. She was on call to many of the people who had been residents at Ramahyuck.\nA stone monument commemorating Louise Pepper-Conolly has been placed in the main street of Bairnsdale, Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Callister, Valerie Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE1196", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/callister-valerie-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leongatha, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Valerie Callister served as the Member for Morwell in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian State Parliament from 1981-88. A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1976, she was secretary of the Parliamentary party from 1982 and served on the Privileges Committee of the Victorian Parliament from 1982. Before her election to parliament she had a career as a technical school teacher from 1975-81.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chambers, Joan Heywood", "Entry ID": "AWE1197", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chambers-joan-heywood\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Joan Chambers joined the Mortlake branch of the Liberal Party in 1969 and was elected Member of the Legislative Assembly for the seat of Ballarat South in the Victorian Parliament in 1979. She served on the Subordinate Legislation Committee in 1979 and the Public Review Committee, 1980-82. She suffered defeat at the 1982 election, but was an unsuccessful candidate again in the 1988 election. In 1992 she stood as an Independent candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Ballarat West.\n", "Details": "Joan Chambers was the daughter of James McNab Murray, a company manager and Annie Hale Shaw. Educated at Ormond State School, Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School and the University of Melbourne, she qualified as a secondary school teacher in 1951 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and Diploma of Education. Her teaching career included appointments at Kyabram High School in 1952, Hampton High School 1953, Mortlake High School 1968-77 and Ballarat High School 1978-79 and 1982-1990.\nOn 15 November 1953 she married John Alexander Chambers, a soldier settler farmer. They had six children, two daughters and four sons.\nHer community involvement included serving on the Ballarat Regional and Alcohol Dependence Association and the Ballarat Emergency Accommodation Committee. She was a member of the Mathematical Association of Victoria and a Presbyterian-Uniting Church Elder.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stewart, Eleanor Jessie", "Entry ID": "AWE1198", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stewart-eleanor-jessie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ebenezer Mission, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal storyteller, Linguist", "Summary": "Eleanor Jessie (Nellie) Stewart, of Wergaia descent, was born Eleanor Pepper at the Ebenezer Mission in western Victoria. Her family travelled widely, spending some time at Coranderrk before settling at Lake Boga near Swan Hill. There Eleanor learnt housekeeping and cooking skills from the wife of the local baker, A.C. Stone, who was friendly with Aboriginal people.\nNellie married Jackson Stewart, of Wemba Wemba descent, and they lived and worked around the Riverina and raised a large family. Nellie worked as a shearers' cook, and was able to save enough money to buy a house in Swan Hill. In about 1960 she was visited by Alan Marshall, a well-known author, and they planned to write about the early days in the Wimmera. Eleanor also remembered and recorded in writing some Wergaia words, the lists of which are now deposited with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies in Canberra. The Institute also holds audio-tapes of the stories and vocabulary she recounted for C.J. Ellis and Luise Hercus.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/serviceman-and-servicewomen-in-uniform-during-world-war-ii-and-community-portraits-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-protection-board-report-for-1887\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Goble, Dorothy Ada", "Entry ID": "AWE1204", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goble-dorothy-ada\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Company director, Parliamentarian, Political candidate, Secretary", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party from 1946, Dorothy Goble served as the member for Mitcham in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1967 until 1976.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Arthur Robert Taylor, Clerk and Ada Elizabeth Deumer, Dorothy Goble completed her primary education at North Richmond and Canterbury State Schools and her secondary education at University High School. On 4 October 1934 she married Kenneth George Noble, stationery manufacturer. They had a son and two daughters.\nIn addition to her period as a parliamentarian, she worked as a secretary at University High School from 1928-34, and as a housewife from 1934-67. During that period she served as president of the Hartwell branch of the Australian Comforts Fund from 1939-45, and as a Director of Goble and Simmons Pty Ltd from 1962-67.\nOn her retirement from Parliament she lived at Mount Martha on the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-liberal-party-of-australia-federal-womens-committee-history-and-achievements-1945-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goble-dorothy-ada-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dixon, Judith Lorraine", "Entry ID": "AWE1205", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dixon-judith-lorraine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Research assistant, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1969, Judith Dixon served as the member for Boronia in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament from 1982-88.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Cecil Bowins, dairy farmer and Constance Chamberlain, Judith Dixon completed her secondary education at University High School and her tertiary education at both Melbourne ( Bachelor of Arts) and Monash ( Diploma of Education) Universities.\nDuring her ten year secondary teaching career, she was a Higher School Certificate examiner in English. Later she worked as a research assistant for the member of the House of Representatives for the electorate of La Trobe.\nHer community interests were reflected in her membership of the following organisations:\nfounding member of the Knox-Sherbrooke Movement Against Uranium Mining; committee member of the Congress for International Co-Operation and Disarmament and People for Nuclear Disarmament; member of the World Peace Council, the Australia-China Friendship Society; on the Management Committee of the Knox Wage Pause Job Creation Program.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Patrick, Jeannette Tweeddale", "Entry ID": "AWE1206", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patrick-jeannette-tweeddale\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Local government councillor, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Jeannette Patrick served as the member for Brighton in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1976-85. She held the position of secretary of the Parliamentary Liberal Party from 1979-82.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Robert Tweeddale Breen, solicitor and Marie Freda Chamberlin, who served as a Victorian Liberal Senator in the Australian Parliament from 1962-68, she completed her secondary education at Firbank Church of England Girls' Grammar School, Brighton and her tertiary education at the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Laws in 1967. She worked as a solicitor in the family firm, R. T. Breen & Co. from 1967 and served as a Brighton City Councillor from 1973-76 before being elected to the Victorian Parliament in the same year.\nOn 25 October 1949 she married Vernon Ronald Patrick, law clerk. They had a son and a daughter.\nHer community commitments included : member of the Consumer Affairs Council 1974-75, member of Brighton Technical School Council 1976-83, member of Firbank Council and Brighton Community Hospital committee of management 1976-80; member of the University of Melbourne Council 1979-83, Gardenvale Central School Council 1982-83; honorary solicitor to local organisations and a member of St Peter's Anglican Church, Brighton.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leader-in-push-for-equal-opportunity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sibree, Prudence (Prue) Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1207", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sibree-prudence-prue-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, from 1968, Prue Sibree served as the member for Kew in the Legislative Assembly in the Victorian Parliament from 1981-88.\n", "Details": "Daughter of William Turnor, retail dairyman, and Patricia Kidd, secretary, Prue Sibree was educated at Chalgrove Girls' School in Box Hill and Strathcona Baptist Girls' Grammar School in Surrey Hills. She completed her tertiary education at the University of Melbourne, gaining a Bachelor of Laws in 1967. She practised as a solicitor from 1968-81 and established her own firm, Prue Sibree & Co. in 1979.\nOn 9 August 1969 she married Mark William Sibree, a computer specialist. They had a son and two daughters.\nHer community interests included membership of the Citizens Welfare Services Board in 1973; membership of the Victorian Consumer Affairs Council 1976-81, the Metropolitan Transit Council 1979-81 and the University of Melbourne Council 1983-88. She was Chairman of the Kew Freedom from Hunger committee 1981.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hill, Jane Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE1214", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hill-jane-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dimboola, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mothercraft nurse, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Jane Hill, a member of the Australian Labor Party from 1978, served as the Member for Frankston in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1982-85 and as member for Frankston North from 1985 until 1992, when the seat was abolished. She was an unsuccessful candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Frankston East at the Victorian state election, which was held on 3 October 1992.\n", "Details": "Jane Hill, daughter of Alexander Henderson, a railway guard, and Annie Crombie, a nursing sister, completed her primary and secondary education in Dimboola at the local state and high schools.\nShe worked as a Mothercraft nurse in Melbourne before her marriage on 20 January 1956 to Barrie Hill, a stockman and Commonwealth public servant and moved to the country. They had two sons and two daughters. After her return to Melbourne in 1969 she worked as a catering officer at the Frankston Nursing Home from 1974-82 and was a Frankston City Councillor from 1979-82. A member of the Seaford-Pines branch of the Australian Labor Party and president in 1980, she was elected to the Victorian Parliament in 1982 and served until 1992.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ray, Margaret Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1216", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ray-margaret-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Social justice advocate, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1971, Margaret Ray served as the member for Box Hill in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1982 to 1992. She was defeated at the state election, which was held on 3 October 1992.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Edward Leslie Vercoe, a Methodist minister of religion, and Thelma Alice Tickner, Margaret Ray completed her primary school education at Camberwell State School in Victoria. She completed her secondary education at Hamilton High School in Victoria and Devonport High School in Tasmania. She trained as a secondary school teacher in Victoria, gaining a Bachelor of Arts degree ( Honours) and a Diploma of Education from the University of Melbourne. Her teaching appointments included Wangaratta High School 1956-57 and Greythorn High School 1968-81.\nOn 31 August 1957 she married George Wilson Ray also a schoolteacher. They had a son and two daughters.\nShe was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly for the seat of Box Hill in 1982 and retained it until 1992. She was a member of the Standing Orders Committee of the Victorian Parliament, 1982-92.\nHer community activities included: secretary of the Blackburn Lake Primary School Committee 1964-69; women's registrar of the Victorian Amateur Gymnastic Association 1978, 1979; and elder of the Uniting Church in Blackburn.\nShe was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2004.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Setches, Kay Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE1229", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/setches-kay-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Sales assistant", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1972, Kay Setches served as the member for Ringwood in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1982-92. She held the portfolios of Conservation, Forests and Land from 1988-90, Community Services from 1990-92 and was Minister Responsible for Child Care 1991-92.On the abolition of the seat of Ringwood she unsuccessfully contested the seat of Bayswater at the state election, which was held on 3 October 1992.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Eric Joseph Earl, a wharf labourer, and Lilian Mary, a spinner, Kay Setches completed her primary education at St Joseph's, Collingwood and Cromwell Street State School, Collingwood. She completed her secondary education at the Collingwood School of Domestic Arts and subsequently worked as a sales assistant.\nOn 2 November 1962 she married Denis Norman Setches, a local government officer. They had two children, a son and a daughter. Kay Setches lived in Croydon from 1964. Her community involvement included the position of co-ordinator of the Maroondah Halfway House from 1977-78, president of Boronia Technical School Council from 1979-83 and member of the Croydon Conservation Society.\nHer ministerial responsibilities included:\n13 October 1988-2 April 1990 - Minister for Conservation, Forests and Lands.\n2 April 1990- 6 October 1992 - Minister for Community Services.\n17 January 1991-6 October 1992 - Minister responsible for Child care.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/setches-kay-patricia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/as-a-woman-writing-womens-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-prepared-by-direction-of-the-president-of-the-legislative-council-and-the-speaker-of-the-legislative-assembly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gleeson, Elizabeth Susan", "Entry ID": "AWE1232", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gleeson-elizabeth-susan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Research assistant", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Beth Gleeson served as the member for Thomastown in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian parliament from 1985-89. She died in office in December 1989.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-prepared-by-direction-of-the-president-of-the-legislative-council-and-the-speaker-of-the-legislative-assembly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Varty, Rosemary", "Entry ID": "AWE1234", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/varty-rosemary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lilydale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Rosemary Varty served as the member for Nunawading Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament from 1985 to 1992 and for Silvan from 1992 to 1999. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary to Cabinet from 1992 to 1999.\n", "Details": "Before entering state parliament, Rosemary Varty was a councillor for the City of Box Hill from 1981 to 1984. Her former occupations included those of financial controller and administration manager from 1962 to 1984. Within the Liberal Party she was active on the Central Women's Committee from 1979.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-prepared-by-direction-of-the-president-of-the-legislative-council-and-the-speaker-of-the-legislative-assembly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-liberal-party-of-australia-federal-womens-committee-history-and-achievements-1945-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tehan, Marie Therese", "Entry ID": "AWE1236", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tehan-marie-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Nagambie, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal party of Australia, Marie Tehan served in both Houses of the Victorian Parliament. She was the Member for Central Highlands in the Legislative Council from 1987-92 and for Seymour in the Legislative Assembly from 1992 until 1999, when she retired. As a minister in the Kennett Liberal Government she held the portfolios of Minister for Health from 1992-96 and Minister for Conservation and Land Management from 1996-99.\n", "Details": "Educated at Sacre Coeur, Glen Iris, Melbourne and the University of Melbourne, Marie Tehan qualified as a lawyer. She married Jim Tehan in 1963 and settled in regional Victoria.\nAfter producing six children she established her own legal practice in Mansfield, Victoria in 1970.\nShe was elected to the Victorian Parliament in 1987 at a by-election and retired from Parliament in 1999. She died at Nagambie after a short illness on 31 October 2004.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-prepared-by-direction-of-the-president-of-the-legislative-council-and-the-speaker-of-the-legislative-assembly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-profile-of-reform-in-victorias-public-health-system-an-address-to-the-hong-kong-hospital-authority-plenary-session\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/small-rural-hospitals-task-force-report-ministerial-responses\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Elliott, Lorraine Clare", "Entry ID": "AWE1238", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elliott-lorraine-clare\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Lorraine Elliott served as the member for Mooroolbark in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1992-2002. She held the position of Victorian Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier for the Arts from 1996-99. She stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for the Liberal Party of Australia in the seat of Kilsyth at the 2002 state election, which was held on 30 November 2002.The seat of Mooroolbark was abolished in an electoral redistribution in 2001.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Harry James Golder and Ailsa Lorraine Trengrove, Lorraine Elliott was educated at Camberwell Church of England Girls Grammar School and the Universities of Melbourne and Monash. She completed a Bachelor of Arts and Diploma of Education at the University of Melbourne and a Bachelor of Education at Monash University.\nBefore entering parliament she worked as a teacher from 1965-67 at Blackburn High School and at the Donvale Living and Learning Centre from 1984-87.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2015 - 2015)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henderson, Ann Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE1239", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henderson-ann-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Parliamentarian, Welfare worker", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Ann Henderson was an unsuccessful candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Geelong at the Victorian state election which was held in 1988. She won the seat at the 1992 election and served as the member for Geelong in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1992 until 1999, when she was defeated. She achieved ministerial status as Minister for Housing and Minister Responsible for Aboriginal Affairs from 1996-99.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marple, Carole Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE1240", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marple-carole-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Benalla, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Carole Marple served as the Member for Altona in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1992 to 1996. She held the shadow portfolio of Agriculture and Rural Affairs from 1993 to 1996. At the 1996 election, which was held on 30 March, she stood in the Legislative Council Province of Geelong, but was unsuccessful.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McGill, Denise Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE1241", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcgill-denise-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Denise McGill served as the Member for Oakleigh in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1992-99. Her previous public work included a period as an Oakleigh City Councillor from 1987-94 and as Mayor from 1990-91. She was a candidate in the Legislative Council Province of Waverley at the state election, which was held on 30 November 2002.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thorpe, Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE1254", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thorpe-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yallourn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare worker, Community worker", "Summary": "Marjorie Thorpe, a descendant of the Gunnai and Maar people of Southern Australia, was born and raised in Yallourn, Victoria. She was a director of the Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency (VACCA) and Coordinator of the Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care (SNAICC). She also held the positions of Victorian Co-Commissioner for the Stolen Generations Inquiry and Council member for the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-black-grapevine-aboriginal-activism-and-the-stolen-generations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-did-happen-to-the-aborigines-of-victoria\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burke, Leonie Therese", "Entry ID": "AWE1262", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burke-leonie-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Leonie Burke served as the Member for Prahran in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1996-2002. She was a Prahran City Councillor from 1986-93 which included a term as Mayor from 1990-92.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davies, Susan Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE1263", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davies-susan-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mirboo North, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Director, Environmentalist, Farmer, Parliamentarian, Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Susan Davies served as the member for Gippsland West as an Independent in the Legislative Assembly in the Victorian Parliament from 1997-2002. She stood for re-election in 2002, but was unsuccessful. She had previously been a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and stood as the ALP candidate for Gippsland West in the 1996 state election, but resigned in January 1997. She rejoined the ALP to contest the federal election in 2004 for the seat of La Trobe, in which she was unsuccessful.\nAlthough no longer involved in parliamentary politics, Susan remains active in the community that she served. In 2006 she was a Director of the Bass Coast Community Foundation, which she established in 2001, and in 2005 she initiated the Wonthaggi Energy Innovation Festival, which is an extension of the Wonthaggi Human Powered Grand Prix (of which she is a Patron and Management Committee Member.)\nSusan Davies was National Manager of HIPPY Australia (HIPPY= Home Interaction Program for Parents and Youngsters), with the Brotherhood of St Laurence. HIPPY is an early childhood enrichment program which works with refugee, migrant, aboriginal and other families helping parents improve their children's \"school readiness\" skills. She left that position in 2008.\nSince that time she has been living full-time and working on her small beef farm in Outtrim (South Gippsland, Victoria), and has continued as a Director on several boards, including West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority (Victorian Government appointment), South Gippsland General Practice Alliance (Independent appointment) and since 2009, as Chair of Energy Innovation Co-operative Ltd. Energy Innovation Co-op works within South Gippsland\/ Bass Coast and Cardinia Shires, to achieve the vision of \"Energy self-reliant and zero carbon emission local communities\".\nShe also belongs to \"Grow Lightly\", a local food-producer's network focusing on sustainable local food production and sale plus Korumburra Landcare group, participating in indigenous re-vegetation projects along local waterways.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-54th-parliament-no-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Luckins, Maree Therese", "Entry ID": "AWE1265", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/luckins-maree-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dandenong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Property manager, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Maree Luckins served as the member for Waverley in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament from 1996-2002. Before her election to the State Parliament in 1996, she was an unsuccessful candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Dandenong North at the election, which was held on 3 October 1992. She unsuccessfully contested the Legislative Assembly seat of Narre Warren in the Victorian state election, which was held on 30 November 2002.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Asher, Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE1267", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/asher-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Consultant, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Louise Asher held the Ministerial portfolios of Tourism and Small Business from 1996 to 1999 in the Kennett Government, which was in power in Victoria 1992-99. She served as the Member for Monash Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament from 1992 to 1999 and moved to the Legislative Assembly as the Member for Brighton in 1999 and was re-elected in 2002 and 2006. She held the positions of Shadow Minister for Industry and Employment and Major Projects from January 2004 to December 2006 and was Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party, Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Shadow Minister for Urban Water, Shadow Minister for Small Business, Shadow Minister for Tourism and Major Events from 2006 to 2010. She was re-elected in 2010 and was appointed the Minister for Innovation, Services and Small Business as well as Minister for Tourism and Major Events in the new Liberal Government. In addition she retained the position of Deputy leader of the Liberal Party.\nOn the defeat of the Liberal Government in November 2014, and Asher's re-election, she resigned as deputy leader of the Liberal Party.\nLouise Asher was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2022 for significant service to the people and Parliament of Victoria.\n", "Details": "1999-2002\u00a0 Deputy Leader of the Opposition\n1999-2001\u00a0 Shadow Treasurer\n2000-01. Shadow Minister for Finance\n2001-02. Shadow Minister for Industry and Employment, Major Projects and Tourism\nDec 2002-Jan 2004\u00a0 Shadow Minister for Manufacturing and Exports\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-an-historical-inquiry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-liberal-party-and-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martha-glendinning-a-womans-life-on-the-goldfields\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jones, Violet Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE1290", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jones-violet-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Chiltern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nursing administrator", "Summary": "Violet Jones enlisted with the Australian Army Nursing Service on December 15, 1941. She was attached to the 115 General Hospital in Heidelberg, Victoria.\n", "Details": "Following twelve months with the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS), Violet Jones continued her nursing career in hospitals. \nShe had ten siblings including one brother who was detained as a prisoner of war in Japan during the Second World War. Violet's letter to him in 1942 is still in the possession of his daughter Kathryn Lucas.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jones-violet-margaret-service-number-v148279-date-of-birth-unknown-place-of-birth-chiltern-vic-place-of-enlistment-heidelberg-vic-next-of-kin-jones-christian\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shardey, Helen Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE1292", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shardey-helen-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Helen Shardey was elected as the Member for Caulfield in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament in 1996. She was re-elected in 1999, 2002 and 2006. In 2002 she was appointed Shadow Minister for Community Services, and in 2005 became Shadow Minister for Health.\nBefore her election to the State Parliament, Helen Shardey was an unsuccessful candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Box Hill at the Victorian state election, which was held on 1 October 1988.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Allan, Jacinta Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE1293", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allan-jacinta-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Jacinta Allan was the first member of the Australian Labor Party and the first woman to be elected to the seat of Bendigo East in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament at the election of 1999. She held several ministerial portfolios before becoming Deputy Premier in June 2022. Allan was elected unopposed as the Leader of the Labor Party and 49th Premier of Victoria on Daniel Andrew's resignation in September 2023. She is the second woman, after Joan Kirner, to lead the state of Victoria.\n", "Details": "Jacinta Allan was born and raised in Bendigo, Victoria. She undertook secondary studies at Catholic College Bendigo before completing her Bachelor of Arts (Honours) at La Trobe University, Bendigo.\nA member of the fourth generation of her family to have lived in the Bendigo region, Jacinta maintains a proud family tradition of active community involvement. She has been a member of the Committee of Management for the Bendigo Community Health Service and the Loddon Mallee Women's Health Service.\nJacinta worked in the office of Neil O'Keefe, Federal Member for Burke, and Steve Gibbons, Federal Member for Bendigo, before entering Parliament in 1999. She was re-elected in 2002 and held the ministerial portfolio of Education Services and Employment and Youth Affairs. On her re-election again in 2006, she held the portfolios of Rural and Regional Development and Skills and Workforce Participation. Successful again at the November 2010 election, but as the ALP was narrowly defeated, she was a member of the Opposition until the ALP's return to government and her re-election in November 2014. She held the portfolios of Public Transport and Employment and Leader of the House in the Legislative Assembly from December 2014. In June 2022, she became Deputy Premier. Following the resignation of Premier Daniel Andrews on 23 September 2023, Allan was elected unopposed as the Leader of the Labor Party and 49th Premier. She is the second woman, after Joan Kirner, to lead the state of Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jacinta-allan-mp-member-for-bendigo-east\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beattie, Elizabeth Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE1294", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beattie-elizabeth-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Liz Beattie served as the Member for Tullamarine in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1999 until 2002 when an electoral redistribution created the seat of Yuroke. She was re-elected to the Victorian Parliament as the Member for Yuroke in 2002. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary for Tourism, Sport and the Commonwealth Games in 2002. After the 2002 election she assumed the position of Parliamentary Secretary for Education. She was re-elected in November 2006 and held the position of Parliamentary Secretary assisting the Premier on Multicultural Affairs from August 2007-January 2010. She was re-elected in November 2010 when the Labor Government was defeated, but retired at the 2014 election when the ALP returned to government.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liz-beattie-state-member-for-yuroke-parliamentary-secretary-for-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coote, Andrea", "Entry ID": "AWE1295", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coote-andrea\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Business manager, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Andrea Coote was elected to the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament in 1999 as the Member for Monash Province. Andrea was a member of the Joint Parliamentary Committee that investigated Child Abuse in Non-Government Institutions, contributing to the landmark Betrayal of Trust Report (2013). She was elected to the new Legislative Council Province of Southern Metropolitan at the state election, which was held on 25 November 2006. She was re-elected in 2010, but retired at the 2014 election. A complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found on the Victorian Parliament site (see link below).\nIn the 2026 Australia Day Honours she was appointed Member of the Order of Australia (AM) 'for significant service to the people and Parliament of Victoria, and to the aged care sector.'\n", "Details": "Since her retirement from the Victorian Parliament in 2014 Andrea Coote has continued to work within the non-for-profit sector in Aged Care as the inaugural Chair of the Aged Care Quality and Safety Advisory Council, and she played a pivotal role in strengthening national safeguards for older Australians, championing accountability, dignity, and continuous improvement across the sector. Her leadership ensured the Council provided strong, independent advice to the Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission. In 2024 she presented the Council's submission to the Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee's inquiry into the Aged Care Bill 2024. She is also chair of The Jack Brockhoff Foundation, a charitable foundation which draws on a perpetual fund to support the health and wellbeing of all Victorians. Andrea joined the Geelong Grammar Foundation Board as a Director in 2025, having previously served as Director of Development at Geelong Grammar School from 1996 to 1998.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/19527\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/andrea-coote\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Darveniza, Kaye Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE1296", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/darveniza-kaye-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Kaye Darveniza was elected as the Member for Melbourne West Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament in 1999. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier from December 1999-December 2006. After her election to the newly formed Legislative Council Region of Northern Victoria at the state election, which was held on 25 November 2006, she was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary, Regional Development from December 2006-August 2007. She held the portfolio of Parliamentary Secretary, Regional and Rural Development from August 2007-January 2010. From January-December 2010 she was Parliamentary Secretary for Agriculture, when the ALP government was defeated. She retired from parliament on 29 November 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "D'Ambrosio, Lily", "Entry ID": "AWE1297", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dambrosio-lily\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Lily D'Ambrosio was elected as the Member for Mill Park in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in November 2002. She was re-elected at the 2006 election, in November 2010 and again in November 2014. She currently holds the Ministerial portfolios of Industry and Energy and Resources in the Labor government, which assumed office in November 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Duncan, Joanne Therese", "Entry ID": "AWE1298", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/duncan-joanne-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Jo Duncan was elected as the Member for Gisborne in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament in September 1999. On the abolition of the electorate of Gisborne in a redistribution in 2002, Duncan was elected as the Member for Macedon in the same year. She was re-elected in 2006 and again in November 2010. She retired from parliament in November 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hadden, Dianne Gladys", "Entry ID": "AWE1299", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hadden-dianne-gladys\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "Dianne Hadden was the Independent member for Ballarat Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament until 2006. She was elected as a Labor Member in 1999, but resigned from the Australian Labor Party in 2005. She unsuccessfully contested the 2006 state election, held on 25 November, as an Independent in the Legislative Assembly seat of Ballarat East.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lindell, Jennifer Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE1300", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lindell-jennifer-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Electorate Officer, Parliamentarian, Radiographer", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Jenny Lindell was elected as the Member for Carrum in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament at the 1999 election and was re-elected in 2002 and 2006. She was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in December 2006 and served in that position until her defeat at the 2010 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lobato, Tamara", "Entry ID": "AWE1301", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lobato-tamara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Tammy Lobato was elected as the Member for Gembrook in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002. She was re-elected at the election, which was held on 25 November 2006, but was defeated at the election which was held in November 2010.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mikakos, Jenny", "Entry ID": "AWE1302", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mikakos-jenny\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Jenny Mikakos was elected as the Member for the Province of Jika Jika in the Parliament of Victoria in 1999. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary, Justice in the Bracks , later Brumby Labor Government, from December 2002 until August 2007. She assumed the position of Parliamentary Secretary, Planning in August 2007. She was elected to the newly created Northern Metropolitan Region at the 2006 state election. She was re-elected in 2010 when the Labor government was defeated and again in 2014 when the Labor party returned to power. She currently holds the ministerial portfolios of Families and Children, and Youth Affairs.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Overington, Karen Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE1303", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/overington-karen-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Mayor, Parliamentarian, Welfare worker", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Karen Overington was elected as the Member for Ballarat West in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in September 1999, after an initial attempt to win the seat in 1992. She was re-elected in November 2002 and again in 2006. Previously she had served in Local Government as Councillor for the Boroughs of Sebastopol, 1982-94, the City of Ballarat, 1996-99 and as Mayor of Sebastopol from 1990-91. She retired from parliament at the 2010 election and died on 11 August 2011.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Romanes, Glenyys Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE1304", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/romanes-glenyys-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Glenyys Romanes was elected as the Member for Melbourne Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament in September 1999 and was re-elected in November 2002. She stood unsuccessfully for the Legislative Council Region of Eastern Victoria at the 2006 election, which was held on 25 November. Before entering Parliament she served as Councillor on the Brunswick City Council, 1991-94, as Mayor 1993-94, and as Councillor, Moreland City Council 1996-99.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beard, Dympna Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1306", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beard-dympna-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Dympna Beard was elected as the Member for Kilsyth in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002.She was defeated at the 2006 election, which was held on 25 November.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buckingham, Helen Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1307", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buckingham-helen-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Helen Buckingham was elected as the Member for Koonung Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament in 2002. Before her election to parliament, she served on the Nunawading Council from 1997-2003, and as mayor from 1998-99. She retired from parliament in November 2006.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eckstein, Anne Lore", "Entry ID": "AWE1308", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eckstein-anne-lore\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ferntree Gully, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Anne Eckstein was elected as the Member for Ferntree Gully in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002. She was defeated at the 2006 election, which was held on 25 November.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/language-and-cognitive-skills-microform-transfer-of-science-concepts-from-l2-to-l1-in-a-german-english-bilingual-program\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Green, Danielle", "Entry ID": "AWE1309", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/green-danielle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Electorate Officer, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Danielle Green was elected as the Member for Yan Yean in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002. She was re-elected in 2006, November 2010 and November 2014, when the ALP was returned to power. She currently holds the position of Parliamentary Secretary for Tourism, Major Events and Regional Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marshall, Kirstie", "Entry ID": "AWE1311", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marshall-kirstie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Skier", "Summary": "Australia's first world champion skier, Kirstie Marshall won seventeen World Cup gold medals. She was named Australian Skier of the Year six times and Victorian Sportswoman of the Year four times. A member of the Australian Labor Party, Marshall was elected as the Member for Forest Hill in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002, and re-elected in 2006. She retired at the November 2010 election.\n", "Details": "Educated at Mentone Girls High School, Firbank Anglican Grammar School and Taylors College, Kirstie Marshall commenced skiing in 1986. In her first international season she was Australia's top ranking winter sportsperson, finishing 10th in the world. In 1992 she was crowned Grand Prix champion. Two years later Marshall was Australia's flag bearer at the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer where she was placed sixth in the women's aerial skiing event - the nation's best Olympic result at the time. In 1997 Marshall became Australia's first world champion in a winter sport, and she competed in the Winter Olympics at Nagano in 1998. Marshall set several world records over the course of her skiing career and became the first woman in history to score over 100 points on a single competition jump.\nMarshall was Director of the Olympic Winter Institute before being elected to the seat of Forest Hill in 2002, representing the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She was re-elected in 2006. Today, she is a Member of the Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee and is involved with over forty charities annually. A practiced public speaker, she makes regular television appearances.\nKirstie Marshall was awarded an OAM for her contribution to skiing and sports administration on the Queens Birthday Honour List in 2003. She is married with two children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kirstie-marshall-wins-forest-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-companion-to-australian-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Munt, Janice", "Entry ID": "AWE1314", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/munt-janice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Janice Munt was elected as the Member for Mordialloc in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002. She was re-elected at the 2006 election, which was held on 25 November, but was defeated at the November 2010 election. She was Parliamentary secretary for Health from January 2010 until she left parliament. Her first attempt to enter parliament was in 1999, when she stood unsuccessfully for the Legislative Assembly seat of Sandringham.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Allen, Denise Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE1316", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allen-denise-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Alexandra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Denise Allen was elected as the Member for Benalla in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria at a by-election in 2000 after an initial unsuccessful attempt at the 1999 election. She was defeated at the 2002 election. In a change of party membership, she stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for the People Power Party in the Legislative Council Region of Northern Victoria at the Victorian state election, which was held on 25 November 2006.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buchanan, Rosy", "Entry ID": "AWE1317", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buchanan-rosy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Public servant", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Rosy Buchanan was elected as the Member for Hastings in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002. She was defeated at the 2006 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Arnold, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE1333", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arnold-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Journalist, Political candidate", "Summary": "Sue Arnold is a committed environmentalist. She ran as a member of the Timbarra Clean Water Party for Ballina in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (1999) and was a Democrat candidate in the New South Wales Senate in 1990 and in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Coffs Harbour in 1991.\n", "Details": "Sue Arnold was born in Melbourne, and was educated to matriculation at Frensham School, Mittagong. She holds a Graduate Diploma in Communication from the University of Western Sydney.\nSue worked as a journalist for the Fairfax group of newspapers in Sydney from 1975 to 1990. She was the Secretary of the Sun-Herald Koala Fund, and in this capacity travelled widely defending the habitat of koalas. She also worked as a freelance journalist.\nSue Arnold is the co-ordinator of Australians for Animals, a Byron Bay based international environmental group specialising in cetaceans and the marine environment. She has extensively lobbied the European parliament and NATO on noise issues and her group has initiated two legal challenges against the US government over sonar experiments on whales.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baks, Pat", "Entry ID": "AWE1343", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baks-pat\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Caf\u221a\u00a9 proprietor, Political candidate", "Summary": "A once-only candidate in the unwinnable seat of Upper Hunter for the ALP in 1995.\n", "Details": "At the time of her campaign, Pat Baks was studying for a Bachelor of Social Science Degree from the University of New England.\nShe is a long-time member of the Mudgee District Environment Foundation and a founding member of the Mudgee Women's Refuge Committee. Pat was President of the Mudgee ALP branch in 1995 and also President of the Upper Hunter State Electorate Council.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Birch, Jenni", "Entry ID": "AWE1482", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/birch-jenni\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hamilton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Jennie Birch was a once only candidate for election and is well known in the developing olive oil industry in Australia. She represented the Australian Democrats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Barwon in 1991. She failed to be elected.\n", "Details": "Jenni Birch was born in Victoria in 1945 and graduated BA, Dip Ed From Melbourne University, majoring in politics. She taught for the Victorian Department of Education for two years. After she moved to New South Wales she worked as a Community Liaison officer for the New South Wales Department of Education, and more recently, has been a part-time teacher of literacy and numeracy at the Moree College of TAFE.\nShe is married to Peter Birch and they have two children. In 1983 the Birches settled out of Moree in north-western New South Wales and in partnership with Will and Margi Kirkby, established Gwydir Grove Olive Oil. Peter held a Churchill Fellowship in 2002. And Jenni accompanied him on his study of olive growing and processing. By 2005 they had established the largest table olive processing plant in Australia.\nGwydir Grove Olives has participated in the Anuga International Food Fair in Cologne, Germany and been part of the NSW Exhibition at the Fancy Food Show in San Francisco in January 2005, and is expected to exhibit in Seoul, South Korea in October-November 2005.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hirsh, Carolyn Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE1489", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hirsh-carolyn-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Psychologist", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), Carolyn Hirsh's parliamentary career began when she was elected as the Member for Wantirna in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 1985 after standing for that seat unsuccessfully at the 1982 election. She was re-elected in 1988, but defeated in 1992 when she stood as an ALP candidate for the seat of Knox. In an attempt to move into the federal parliament, she unsuccessfully contested the seat of La Trobe at both the 1996 and 1998 elections. Returning to the state parliament, she was elected as the Member for Silvan in the Legislative Council in 2002. She resigned from the ALP in 2004 and continued in parliament as an Independent until she rejoined the party in November 2005. She did not contest the 2006 state election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lambert, Judy", "Entry ID": "AWE1636", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lambert-judy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Benalla, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmental scientist", "Summary": "Judy Lambert was a once only candidate for election to the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales when she stood as a Greens candidate in 1999 for the seat of Manly. She has however, been a local government councillor for two terms (Manly Council, 1999-2007) and is an outstanding environmental scientist.\n", "Details": "Judy Lambert was born in Benalla, Victoria and educated at Benalla High School and several universities. She. Holds a B.Pharm., Victorian College of Pharmacy (1969), BSc (Hons) Melbourne University (1971), PhD (Pharmacology) Melbourne University (1975), Grad Dip Environmental Management, Mitchell CAE (1989) and Grad Dip Business Admin., UTS, (1998).\nJudy Lambert has worked as a consultant to the Federal Environment Minister (1990-1992), an environmental advocate with the Wilderness Society (1987-1990) and as a research scientist in both the USA and Australia (1971-1987). From 1967 to 1974 she was a pharmacist at Royal Melbourne Hospital. Since 1993 she has been a co-director of Community Solutions.\nJudy Lambert was elected to the Manly Council in 1999 after having achieved 5% of the formal votes cast. She has lived in Manly for 25 years and is a partner in a consultancy business specialising in strengthening links between communities and decision makers. As a Councillor, she has been a member of many committees including the Manly Sustainability Strategy Management Group, the Landscape Management and Urban Design Committee, the manly Visitor and Community Board, the Manly Coastline Management Committee and the manly Scientific Advisory Panel.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Skinner, Jillian Gell", "Entry ID": "AWE1755", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/skinner-jillian-gell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Parliamentarian, Public servant", "Summary": "Jillian Skinner, a Liberal Party member, has been a well known and active Member of Parliament for more than twenty years.. However in her first two attempts to enter parliament via the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of North Shore (1984 and 1988) were unsuccessful. Jillian's luck finally changed in 1994 when she won the seat at the by-election. She was re-elected to the seat in 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015. Throughout this time Jillian has held the following appointments:\nShadow Minister for Youth Affairs, 1995-1999, 2002-2003.\nShadow Minister for Health, 1995-2003, September 2005 to date.\nShadow Minister for Education and Training 2003-2005.\nShadow Minister for the Arts 2003-2008.\nShadow Minister for School Education April-September 2005.\nMinister for Medical Research 2011-2015.\nMinister for Health, 2011-\n", "Details": "Jillian Skinner was born in Melbourne in 1944, the daughter of Robert and Lois Coutts. She served her cadetship in journalism on the Melbourne Herald. She worked as a journalist for News Limited and Radio Hong Kong from 1962-1973, returning to live in Sydney in 1979. From 1984 to 1988 she ran Jillian Skinner and Associates, doing editorial writing, research, policy development and strategic planning.\nShe is married to Christopher Skinner, and they have three children. When her children were small, she became active in P. & C. affairs in North Sydney and was a founding member of the North Sydney Occasional Childcare.\nFrom 1988 to 1994 she was Director of the New South Wales Office of Youth Affairs. She has held office in the Liberal Party at all levels, local, electorate and State.\nElected to the Legislative Assembly at a by-election in 1994, following the resignation of Phillip Smiles, she was appointed to the Shadow Ministry the following year, after the defeat of the Fahey government. In 2005 she held first, the shadow ministry of Education and then Health.\nJillian was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in June 2024 for significant service to the people and Parliament of New South Wales and to community health.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gullett, Lucy Edith", "Entry ID": "AWE1829", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gullett-lucy-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner, Philanthropist", "Summary": "A pioneer for women doctors and a tireless committee-woman, Lucy Gullett was inspired by the success of the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital in Melbourne to found a hospital run by women for women. The Rachel Forster Hospital for Women and Children, as it became, opened in 1922. Gullett was also a one-time candidate (Independent) for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of North Sydney in 1932.\n", "Details": "Lucy Edith Gullett was born in Melbourne, daughter of journalist Henry Gullett and his wife Lucy (n\u00e9e Willie). The family later moved to Sydney, where Lucy Gullett was educated at Sydney Girls' High School and the University of Sydney. She completed a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1901 and became first resident medical officer at the Crown Street Women's Hospital. From 1902 she was resident surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in Brisbane. In 1906, Gullett's father bought her a general practice in Bathurst, NSW, but five years later she returned home to live with her unmarried sister, Minnie.\nLucy Gullett seemed to collect eccentric characters. Her sister was 'a Shakespeare 'buff', an enthusiastic member of the Lunacy Reform League of Australia, and a generous supporter of stray animals, drunks and ex-patients from lunatic asylums to whom she devoted most of her inheritance', according to Ann Mitchell of the ADB. In 1922, Gullett set up the Rachel Forster Hospital for Women and Children (Sydney) with Dr Harriet Biffin, who was known for visiting her patients in a dog-cart and had a 'flair' for Greek. Her mother, Mrs Henry Gullett, wrote the 'fashionable intelligence' of the Ladies' Column in the Australasian under the pseudonym Humming Bee. The Gullett family were comfortably off, and Lucy and Minnie were able to persuade their sisters to contribute to a commission from Bertram Mackennal costing \u00a310,000, installed in 1926. The six-figure group was a Shakespeare memorial proposed by Henry Gullett before his death in 1914.\nLucy Gullett was a member of Queen's Club. She travelled to Europe during the first World War to serve in a French Red Cross military hospital in Lyons. She was honorary physician to the Renwick Hospital for Infants (1918-32). Later, from 1934-49, she was on the council of the Sydney District Nursing Association. In 1932 she stood unsuccessfully as women's candidate for the Legislative Assembly seat of North Sydney, but was elected to the executive committee of the United Associations of Women in 1935, serving as vice-president in 1936-38 and 1943.\nGullett's plans for what became the Rachel Forster were inspired by the success of Melbourne's Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital, and she founded the New South Wales Association of Registered Medical Women in 1921 to get things started. Like so many hospitals, the Rachel Forster began as an outpatient dispensary. Gullett and Biffin 'shouldered most of the early financial responsibility', according to the hospital history. In 1941 Gullett announced her next project, and the Lucy Gullett Convalescent Home was opened in Bexley in November 1946. Described as 'short and thickset like her father', Lucy Gullet was 'unfailingly kind-hearted' and had 'instant rapport with the working-class women who were her patients'. On her death in 1949, the majority of her \u00a315,918 estate was left to her family.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gullett-lucy-edith-1876-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rachel-forster-hospital-the-first-fifty-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-lucy-edith-gullett\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hopwood, Judith (Judy)", "Entry ID": "AWE1847", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hopwood-judith-judy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Judy Hopwood was successful at her first campaign where she was a Liberal Party candidate in the 2002 New South Wales Legislative Assembly Hornsby by-election. She was re-elected to the seat the following year during the full elections. She was re-elected again in 2007. She retired from Parliament at the 2011 election.\n", "Details": "Judy Hopwood is the daughter of William and Ruth Rasmussen. She was educated in Melbourne and trained in nursing Royal North Shore Hospital. Later she did postgraduate studies at the University of Technology Sydney. She held nursing positions in many areas, surgical, intensive care, medical etc) 1976-88, and was a Community nurse 1988-96.\nShe was Office manager\/media advisor, to Federal Minister Philip Ruddock 1996-98 and became Executive Director of the Australian Podiatry Association 1998-2002. Judy Hopwood joined the Liberal Party in 1981 and has held many offices within the party, including branch and electorate conference president. She was President of the NSW Liberal Women's Forum from 1996 to 2000.\nShe was elected at a by-election in 2002, the first woman to win the seat of Hornsby. It was her first campaign as a candidate, though she had assisted with many others. Since her election she served on a number of committees.\nShe married Stephen Philip Hopwood in 1979, and they have two daughters,\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackinolty, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE1896", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinolty-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian, Swimmer, Teacher", "Summary": "An ALP candidate whose other life as a historian and teacher was distinguished. Judith Mackinolty was a candidate for the Hills Shire Council elections in c.1962 and in the 1973 New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for the Hills.\n", "Details": "Judith Macinolty was born in Melbourne in 1931, the daughter of a pharmacist, Les Allen and his wife Mary. She won a scholarship to MacRobertson Girls' High School, from which she matriculated to Melbourne University in 1949. By this time she had also been a member of the Victorian state swimming team and had won a state backstroke championship in 1947. She represented Melbourne University and Victoria in interstate competitions and remained a life long swimmer.\nShe graduated from the University of Melbourne with a BA, then MA with majors in English and history, with a particular interest in Australian history. In 1953, she married John Macinolty, then a country solicitor in Gippsland, later Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney. They had two children.\nJudy Macinolty taught at Northmead and Doonside High Schools, and was Head Teacher History at Doonside 1970-73. In 1972 she began a Master's degree, her thesis being published as Sugar Bag Days; Sydney workers and the challenge of the 1930s depression. She was President of the NSW and Australian History Teachers' Associations.\nDuring the 1970s and 1980s she lectured at the Macquarie and NSW universities and held a research fellowship at the University of Sydney.\nHer last formal work was as a project officer with the NSW Bicentennial Council. She was associated with many activities concerned with reconciliation, and worked to achieve agreement between white and Aboriginal communities around Myall Creek which resulted in a memorial acknowledging the massacre there.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rickie, Nelle", "Entry ID": "AWE1979", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rickie-nelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Myers Flat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Communist, Union activist", "Summary": "Nelle Rickie was an activist, and a once only candidate. That was for the Communist Party in the elections for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Botany in 1925. Nelle was an actress prior to 1914 and jointed the Victorian Socialist Party in 1916, becoming a committee member. She was also a member of the Women's Socialist league and opposed conscription in the 1917 referendum. She was imprisoned in 1918 for flying the red flag. Nelle Rickie became a delegate to the Melbourne Trades Hall Council from the Theatrical Employees' Union and was a foundation member of the Melbourne branch of the Communist party of Australia. She was also a member of its central executive in 1924. She moved to New South Wales in 1924 and was associated with the Newcastle Trades and Labour Council and the local Workers Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Schwarze, Gail", "Entry ID": "AWE2000", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/schwarze-gail\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hairdresser, Housewife, Nurse", "Summary": "Gail Schwarze has run only once for parliament when she ran for the Christian Democrat Party in the 2003 elections for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Albury. At the time of her campaign, she had lived in Albury for seven years, but was born and educated (Diploma in Counselling and Family Therapy) in Melbourne. She has also lived in New Zealand, and in country Australia at Bathurst. She is married and has two children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Townend, Christine Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE2027", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/townend-christine-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Leura, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Writer", "Summary": "Christine Townend was a passionate woman whose life and talents were devoted to the cause of animal care and liberation. As an Australian Democrats member she contested the following elections: New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Willoughby 1978, 1984; House of Representatives, Grayndler, 1977; Senate, NSW, 1983. In 1988 Christine stood on behalf of the Environment Group in the New South Wales Legislative Council elections.\n", "Details": "Christine Townend grew up in the lower North Shore area of Sydney and became a writer early in her life. She had poetry, short stories and four novels published by the time of her first campaign. From early in her career she was concerned to protect the environment and stop cruelty to animals, and was a prolific writer of letters to the editor of the Sydney Morning Herald on these subjects. She founded Animal Liberation in 1976, after being strongly influenced by Peter Singer's book of the same name. She and Singer together founded Animals Australia (then ANZFAS) in l980.\nShe joined the Australian Democrats and ran for election on their ticket four times, always emphasising care for the environment and animals. In time she became discouraged by the lack of results of her campaigns in Australia.\nWhen she joined Milo Dunphy and Alice Oppen to run for the Legislative Council in 1988, under the banner of the Environment Group, she was Secretary of the Australian and New Zealand Federation of Animal Societies, a member of the NSW Animal Welfare Advisory Council and the CSIRO Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Animals in Research.\nIn 1990 she became managing trustee of 'Help in Suffering', an animal shelter and registered Indian charitable trust, based in Jaipur. In 1992 she and her husband went to live in India, working as volunteers until 2007 at the animal shelter and conducting a program to control the spread of rabies in Jaipur. During this time she also founded two new animal shelters in Darjeeling and Kalimpong. A biography of her life, Christine's Ark, by journalist John Little, was published by Macmillan in 2007.\nChristine was a writer of both fiction and non-fiction. Her first book The Beginning of Everything and the End of Everything Else, published in 1974, has been described as being ahead of its time in 'challenging literary and social conventions' in its themes of feminism and 'sexuality, race class and religion'. After her first two novels, Christine wrote a series of non-fiction books about animal welfare, of which Pulling the Wool, A New Look at the Australian Wool Industry (Hale & Iremonger, l986) was the most influential. Two of her books, The Hidden Master (2002), and The Teaching of Vimala Thakar (2010) (Motilal Banarsidass) examine the Indian spiritual tradition. Christine was also an artist, having held solo exhibitions and illustrated book covers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Aston, Matilda Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE2062", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aston-matilda-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carisbrook, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Windsor, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Matilda Ann Aston (December 11, 1873 - November, 1947), better known as Tilly Aston, was a blind Australian writer and teacher. She founded the Victorian Association of Braille Writers (which became the Victorian Braille Library) and then went on to establish the Association for the Advancement of the Blind, assuming the post of secretary.\nTilly's energy was unbounded and her achievements (along with those of her co-workers) to promote the human rights of vision impaired people were plentiful. They include:\n\nSuccessfully lobbying for the world's first free post system for braille (and later talking) books.\nGaining free public transport for blind people.\nAchieving the right to vote for blind people.\nLobbying for the repeal of the bounty system which meant blind people had to pay hefty levies before they could travel interstate\nGaining Government approval for a pension for all legally blind people.\n\n", "Details": "Matilda (Tilly) Ann Aston was a blind Australian writer and teacher who founded the Victorian Association of Braille Writers, and later went on to establish the Association for the Advancement of the Blind.\nBorn in the town of Carisbrook, Victoria in 1873, Tilly was one of eight children. Vision impaired from birth, she had lost most of her sight by the age of seven. A chance meeting with Thomas James, an itinerant blind missionary changed her life; he introduced her to the Braille method of reading. She was then persuaded to travel to Melbourne to further her education. After successfully matriculating in 1988, Tilly became the first blind Australian to go to a university. Sadly, she was unable to complete her Arts Degree at the University of Melbourne due to the lack of braille text books. She was forced to discontinue her studies in the middle of her second year.\nIn 1894, with the assistance of the Australian Natives Association, Tilly established the Victorian Association of Braille Writers. This organisation would eventually become the Victorian Braille Library. In 1895, she established the Association for the Advancement of the Blind to fight for greater independence, social change and new laws for blind people. They quickly won voting rights for blind people; free postage for Braille material (in 1899 - a world first); and transport concessions for the blind.\nIn 1913, aged forty, Tilly undertook a course of teacher training to become head of the Victorian Education Department's School for the Blind. The Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind had some misgivings about the appointment, given her disability, but she proved to be a competent educator and administrator, working for the department until ill-health forced her to retire in 1925\nAs well as being an energetic activist and inspirational teacher, Tilly Aston was a prolific writer. Between 1901 and 1940 she published eight volumes of verse. Her self-penned memoirs The Memoirs of Tilly Aston : Australia's blind poet, author and philanthropist were published in 1946. She corresponded with people around the world in Esperanto, and was editor and chief contributor to A Book of Opals, a Braille magazine for Chinese mission schools, for many years.\nTilly's lifetime of achievements has been recognised in a number of ways. She twice received the King's Medal for distinguished citizens service. A cairn in her honour was erected by the school children of Carisbrook and the Midlands Historical Society. The Federal electorate Division of Aston in Melbourne's eastern suburbs is named after her, as is a species of rose. There is also a sculpture in her honour in King's Domain, in Melbourne, Victoria. The Tilly Aston Bell rings, but only after one runs one's hands all the way round the Braille inscription that the sculpture carries.\nTilly Aston died from cancer on November 1 1947. Her ability to live a useful, independent life despite her disability was inspirational.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-sight-great-vision-a-centenary-history-of-the-association-for-the-blind\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aston-matilda-ann-1873-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lighthouse-on-the-boulevard-a-history-of-the-royal-victorian-institute-for-the-blind-rvib-1866-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-tilly-aston-australias-blind-poet-author-and-philanthropist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-inner-garden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maiden-verses\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/old-timers-sketches-and-word-pictures-of-the-old-pioneers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/singable-songs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/songs-of-light\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woolinappers-or-some-tales-from-the-by-ways-of-methodism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/with-love-to-my-niece\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vision-australias-heritage-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-tilly-aston-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-matilda-ann-aston-australias-blind-poet-author-and-philanthropist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henderson, Heather", "Entry ID": "AWE2095", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henderson-heather\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community Leader", "Summary": "Heather Henderson is the only daughter of former Australian Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies and Dame Pattie Menzies. She was influential in the development of Australia's capital city, Canberra.\n", "Details": "The transformation of Canberra from a paddock of public servants to a functioning civic community owed much to the sense and daughterly persuasion of Heather Henderson, n\u00e9e Menzies.\nBorn in 1928, Heather is the only daughter of Sir Robert and Dame Pattie Menzies, and was from the beginning very much the apple of her father's eye. Unlike some offspring of politicians who often see little of their parents, Heather was a solid fixture in her father's routine, whether personal or political.\nAfter initially turning down Joseph Lyon's invitation to join Cabinet in 1934 because he did not want to burden his family with long absences from their home in Melbourne, Menzies reconsidered and accepted the positions of Attorney General and Minister for Industry.\nHeather's older brothers Kenneth and Ian were enrolled as boarders at Geelong College in 1936. While opportunities for the boys to see their parents were limited, Heather who had become a weekly boarder at Ruyton Girl's School, Kew, was able to enjoy home life more regularly.\nIn letters written during 1944-46 to Kenneth, who was serving with the AIF, Menzies wrote regular news of young Heather, by now a senior student at Ruyton. Very much a teenager, willowy, orthodontic bands and good at tennis, Heather was also already politically astute, as Menzies commented, 'her sotto voce comments in the galleries during speeches by such favourites as Forde and Ward and Evatt are really worth going a long way to hear'.[1]\nSir Alexander Downer, one of Menzies' ministers, observed how father and daughter seemed united by a 'mystical understanding' and assessed Heather as 'the principal joy' in Menzies' life during the period he knew him.\nDespite her slim figure, she resembled him in facial features, sharing the same wit, incisiveness, some of his intolerances and, occasionally, that tongue which entertained audiences but sometimes lost friends [2]\nHeather lived in Canberra for long periods during Menzies' two terms as Prime Minister in 1939-41 and 1949-66. She also accompanied her parents on overseas trips, including attending the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.\nTravelling with Sir Robert and Dame Pattie on an unofficial visit to Europe in 1948, Heather demonstrated her sensitivity in assessing British suffering in relation to postwar food rationing. In a letter to her brother Kenneth she described her surprise at the unexpectedly good meals they had been having:\nAdmittedly we've been mixing with the elite, & people with money are well fed. They can go for meals whenever they like & if they stay home they can afford to buy fruit and vegetables, which are dreadfully expensive . . . We have given a few tins of food away to maids . . . but we're quite convinced that the people who need it are the poor people - quite apart from the rationing everything is terribly expensive. I'm blowed if I know how they exist. [3]\nHeather even entered the political lexicon of the day when, on one round trip including Washington, London and New Zealand in 1950, Menzies ferried a 'very special present' for his daughter, who was at the time studying music at Melbourne University:\nIts nature was a deep, dark secret and he wouldn't let us in on it, but the parcel, he explained, was 'enormous', so much so that it had to be specially looked out for at every stage of his many journeys. 'Heather's parcel' was, in fact, the subject of so much discussion by the members of the party that in the end it fell into line with the current trend for abbreviation, and by the time it reached New Zealand was referred to simply by all as 'H.P'.[4]\nThe mysterious 'H.P' was an evening dress, spectacular pink satin skirt and purple woollen top, purchased by Menzies in New York from a shop owned by a Mrs Livingston.\nHe often went there and bought something for my mother or me. He would look round and pick some poor girl who looked roughly my size, and got her to try on whatever he had selected. H.P. was one of those selections.\nHeather was even more in the public eye in May 1955 when she wed Peter Henderson, then Third Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Djakarta. An estimated crowd of 2000, the largest mass of onlookers in Canberra since the 1954 Royal Tour, cheered the proceedings. Decreed by Sir Owen Dixon, Chief Justice of the High Court, in his toast to the bride and groom to be a 'nationally known' figure in her own right, the now Heather Henderson received a congratulatory cable from 'All your friends in the household' of Buckingham Palace.[5]\nIn January 1956, Heather Henderson's return to Canberra from Djakarta signalled a new period in her life as a married woman and acted as a catalyst for the development of the city. Canberra was still very much at the teething stage, possessing a meagre population of around 30,000, bereft of many basic facilities and lacking strongly defined social or structural cohesion.\nThis stretched and ragged city, divided by the Molonglo flood plain, offered very little in the way of suburban infrastructure. Assisting Heather on the home search front, Menzies was struck by the reality of life in Canberra, as opposed to the more sheltered view from The Lodge.\nFor Heather and Dame Pattie, even taking the baby for a walk proved difficult. The footpaths were poor or non-existent. A concerted campaign of family persuasion was launched on behalf of the capital: 'I continually complained to Dad and I'm sure I had an influence in changing his attitude to the city'. According to Eric Sparke's Canberra, the Chairman of the Public Service Board, Sir William Dunk, agreed with Heather's assertion, as quite suddenly he was being 'pushed around by the awakened Prime Minister with \"Why this: Why not more of that? Who is responsible?\"' [6]\nUnder Menzies' influence a Parliamentary Committee of Enquiry was set up to examine the situation - should Canberra remain a national capital in name only, or should it be developed? The Parliamentary Committee reported in favour of development. In 1958 the National Capital Development Commission was established and granted a charter 'to design, develop and construct Canberra as the National Capital of Australia'. Up until the time of his retirement some eight years later, Menzies displayed an active interest in the capital's progress.\nCanberra at last began to develop a civic atmosphere and the individuality worthy of a national capital. Sir John Overall acknowledges Canberra's rebirth 'is a reflection of the farsightedness of Robert Gordon Menzies and his interest and enthusiasm in clearing the way and making it possible for Australia's young bush capital to be planned, developed and constructed to the status of a National Capital in the world scene'. [7]\nHeather and Peter Henderson had four daughters. Peter was Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs from 1979 to 1984 and died in September 2016.\nThis entry was prepared in 2006 by Roslyn Russell and Barbara Lemon, Museum Services, and funded by the ACT Heritage Unit.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-to-my-daughter-robert-menzies-letters-1955-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/privilege-and-pleasure\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eldridge, Marian Favel Clair", "Entry ID": "AWE2112", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eldridge-marian-favel-clair\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory", "Occupations": "Author, Poet", "Summary": "Marian Eldridge was an acclaimed short-story writer, novelist and poet, and was instrumental in establishing the ACT Writers Centre. Her legacy is the Marian Eldridge Award to nurture promising women writers.\n(This entry is sponsored by generous donation from Christine Foley.)\n", "Details": "Marian Eldridge grew up on her parents' property, 'The Gap', near Lancefield in Victoria. She graduated Bachelor of Arts from the University of Melbourne in 1957. She married Ken Eldridge in 1958 and lived at Traralgon, Victoria until 1966 and in Canberra from 1966 to 1997. The couple had four children.\nEldridge worked as a high school teacher of English and History in Traralgon, Victoria and in the ACT, and as a literature tutor at the Centre for Continuing Education, Australian National University.\nShe became a prolific short story writer, and collections of her work were published in Walking the Dog (1984), The Woman at the Window (1989) which earned high praise from the New York Times Book Review in 1990, and The Wild Sweet Flowers: The Alvie Skerritt Stories (1994) which chronicled 'the life of a fairly typical Australian family'. Her work also appeared in a number of newspapers and academic journals and more than twenty short story collections.\nShe also published a novel, Springfield (1992), which used healing of the land as a metaphor for healing its characters, who were damaged by drug abuse and the Vietnam war. In 1996 she wrote twelve poems that were published in the Senate Hansard of 19 June 1997.\nEldridge was a book reviewer for the Canberra Times and the Australian Book Review, and became the first literature co-ordinator for the ACT Arts Council in 1986. She was writer-in-residence at Darwin High School in 1989, received an ACT Arts Bureau Literary Fellowship in 1992 and an Australia Council Literary Board Grant 1994.\nShe was a member of Seven Writers - a group of seven Canberra-based women writers whose work vividly portrayed life 'beneath the surface of Canberra' - and as part of this collective she contributed to Canberra Tales (1988), republished as The Division of Love in 1996, which was an anthology of short stories about life in Canberra. The work received an ACT Bicentennial Award.\nEldridge's other awards included: the Robin Hood Committee Annual Literature Competition (1972); the Canberra Times\/Commonwealth Bank national Short Story Award (1981); the Syme Community Newspapers Short Story Competition (1983) and International Year of the Family Award in the NSW State Literary Awards (1994).\nMarian Eldridge was instrumental in establishing the ACT Writers Centre and in the last few months of her life she expressed a desire to further nurture writers. Through a cash donation from her estate, the Marian Eldridge Award was established in 1998, under the auspices of the National Foundation for Australian Women, to encourage an aspiring woman writer to undertake a literary activity such as a short course of study, or to complete a project, or attend a writers' week or a conference. Six awards have been given to date.\nEldridge Crescent is named after her in the Canberra suburb of Garran where she lived and wrote for 30 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-division-of-love-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/springfield\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-marian-eldridge-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-seven-writers-group-between-1986-and-approximately-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marian-eldridge-1942-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marian-eldridge-interviewed-by-heather-rusden-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Johnston, Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE2115", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnston-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Novelist, Poet, Writer", "Summary": "Dorothy Johnston is an award-winning novelist, poet, short story writer, and author of reviews and literary essays. Her crime writing portrays the darker side of Canberra.\n(This entry is sponsored by generous donation from Christine Foley.)\n", "Details": "Dorothy Johnston was born in Geelong, Victoria, in 1948. She trained as a teacher at the University of Melbourne, taught English, and was an education researcher. She moved to Canberra in 1979.\nJohnston's books include Tunnel Vision (1984), Ruth (1986), Maralinga My Love (1988), One For The Master (1997), The Trojan Dog (2000) and The House at Number 10 (2005).\nJohnston's short stories have appeared in numerous anthologies, including Amnesty (1993), Mother Love (1996) and Below The Waterline (1999), and her essays and reviews have appeared in numerous literary journals.\nJohnston says 'crime fiction is my way of writing about Canberra'. The Trojan Dog is about white collar crime in a government department, while The House at Number 10 is set in a Canberra brothel, inspired by the ACT's decriminalisation of prostitution. Writing about Canberra is, she says, relatively scarce, and she considers herself to be partially redressing this imbalance in Australian literature.\nJohnston was a member of Seven Writers - a group of seven Canberra-based writers whose work vividly portrays life 'beneath the surface of Canberra' - and as part of this collective she contributed to Canberra Tales (1988), republished as The Division of Love in 1996, an anthology of short stories about life in Canberra. The work was funded with an ACT Bicentennial grant.\nHer other awards include:\nMiles Franklin Award (shortlisted, 1986 and 1997)\nABC Bicentennial Literature Award (shortlisted)\nACT Book of the Year (joint winner 2001),\nInaugural Davitt Award for the best crime novel published by a woman (runner up, 2000)\nThe Age Best of 2000, crime section.\nJohnston has also run book groups through the Centre for Continuing Education at The Australian National University.\nIn 2005 she took up an Australia Council residency at Ledig House International Writer's Colony in the United States.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-house-at-number-10\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-division-of-love-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maralinga-my-love\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-for-the-master\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-trojan-dog\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tunnel-vision\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-seven-writers-group-between-1986-and-approximately-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maralinga-cycle-1988-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Biddlecombe, Janet", "Entry ID": "AWE2164", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biddlecombe-janet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Shelford, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pastoralist, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Janet Biddlecombe ran her father's estate at Golf Hill, Victoria, from his death in 1888 to her own in 1954. She pioneered the breeding of Herefords in Australia. As a pastoralist Janet was remarkably successful, and proceeds from her Hereford Stud went to any number of charitable causes - usually as anonymous donations.\n", "Details": "Born in Melbourne, Janet was the youngest of eight children of Scottish-born George Russell (pastoralist) and Euphemia Carstairs. Having lost her mother in infancy, Janet became a close companion of her father and lived with him at Golf Hill until his death in 1888. She took a keen interest in the estate and, dissatisfied with her brother Philip's management of it, obtained his consent to oversee Golf Hill herself and restored the property to its former prosperity within a few years.\nJanet married English-born naval officer John Biddlecombe in July 1900. The pair had no children. Following his retirement from the Commonwealth Naval Forces, John took over management of Golf Hill with his wife. By 1906 they had registered their Hereford stud, buying pedigree cows and bulls descended from females of elite Hereford families in the United Kingdom. When Charles Reynolds sold his Tocal Stud in 1926, Janet instructed her buyer, Mr A.J. Tanner, to purchase the 'pick of the catalogue'.\nJanet continued to run the stud successfully after John's death in 1929, despite a manpower shortage during the Second World War forcing her to sell half of her cattle. Tirelessly she organised exhibitions and sales, bringing home a myriad of awards. In 1947 her cattle won every group prize in the Hereford section at the Sydney Royal Show. In 1950 she sold her 'surplus females' - eleven heifers and thirteen cows - at the Royal Melbourne Show, fetching up to \u00a31,000 for each. A further sale in 1953 saw her world-famous cattle bring in proceeds of \u00a3125,000, all of which reportedly went to charity.\nIndeed, Janet had long maintained a tradition of anonymous philanthropy, begun before her husband's death. Significant amounts of money went to building projects at the Geelong Church of England Grammar School (now standing at 50 Biddlecombe Avenue, Corio), as well as to the Shelford Presbyterian Church; the Australian Red Cross Society (Geelong branch); and the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. On her death at Golf Hill in 1954, Janet bequeathed her \u00a3554,585 estate to a number of charitable organisations including the Bethany Babies' Home (Geelong), the Victorian Association of Braille Writers, and the Victorian Society for Crippled Children.\nDevoted to the stud until the end, Janet kept photographs of her prize cattle and detailed notes of their pedigrees. In 1953, the year before her death, she produced The History of Golf Hill Herefords, dedicated: 'To the Hereford Breed in Australia' (National Library of Australia).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biddlecombe-janet-1866-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-golf-hill-herefords\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gauci, Glenda Hiroko", "Entry ID": "AWE2179", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gauci-glenda-hiroko\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Ambassador", "Summary": "Glenda Hiroko Gauci was the first Asian Australian woman appointed as an ambassador in the Australian diplomatic service.\n", "Details": "Glenda Gauci (pronounced Gaw-see) and her brother Michael were born in Footscray, Melbourne. Their parents, John and Hiroko, met in Japan when John was posted there with the British Commonwealth Occupation Force after WWII. They married and settled in Australia in 1957.\nGlenda attended Templestowe High School before graduating in arts and law from the University of Melbourne. Drawn by adventure and the opportunity to use her education, she had dreamt of being a foreign correspondent before deciding, at fifteen, that she would be a diplomat. She won prizes in politics, international relations and public administration and was the University's inaugural exchange student with Tokyo's Keio University. Later, she completed a Masters degree in international law at the Australian National University before joining the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1984.\nGauci's first posting was to Tokyo, where she moved with her husband, David Love. It was here that she gave birth to her two children, Dominic and Imogen.\nIn 1994, she was seconded to the Canberra office of the then foreign minister, Senator Gareth Evans, as an adviser on northern Asia, before becoming trade counsellor in Tokyo in 1995. She worked with Alexander Downer when he attended a World Trade Organisation ministerial meeting, and the following year she was involved with the Kyoto Protocol on climate change. In 1998 she returned to Australia as an assistant secretary in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, heading the South-East and, later, North-East Asia branches.\nIn mid-2000 Gauci was named ambassador to Cambodia, one of only 12 women to have achieved that level of seniority in Australia's diplomatic service at the time.\nA year later, she accepted the ambassadorial-level role of political counsellor at the Washington embassy. Following the events of September 11, she went to Guantanamo Bay, accompanied Prime Minister John Howard, and to George Bush's ranch in Texas.\nIn 2004, Glenda Gauci was diagnosed with lung cancer, though she had never been a smoker. Later that year a surgical biopsy confirmed she had mesothelioma, for which there is no cure. The cancer is caused by asbestos fibres, and develops between 20 and 50 years after exposure. Gauci's father was a waterside worker who regularly handled asbestos material without being warned of its dangers, and could easily have carried the fibres home on his clothing. She is likely to have inhaled the fibres as a child.\nGlenda Gauci retired in 2006 and passed away the same year, aged just 47 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australias-role-for-peace-and-security-in-northeast-asia-north-koreas-missiles-nukes-and-wmd\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diplomatic-appointment-ambassador-to-cambodia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pollock, Judy", "Entry ID": "AWE2185", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pollock-judy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Macedon, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Judy Pollock was one of Australia's best track athletes. She represented Australia internationally in the 1960s and early 1970s, at one time holding the world record in 440 yard and 400 and 800 meter events. She ran third (to Betty Cuthbert) at the 1964 Olympic Games in the inaugural running of the women's 440 yards. Pregnancy prevented her running at Mexico City in 1968, when she was, arguably, at the peak of her performance.\nPollock's last tilt at Olympic gold happened in 1976 in Montreal. She was outclassed in the 1500 and didn't proceed past the heats, but her time over 1000 meters (2.38.80) run just prior to the games, in 2006 remains an Australian record.\n", "Events": "Athletics - 400m event (1964 - 1964) \nAthletics - 440y Event (1966 - 1966) \nParticipated at the Munich and Montreal Olympic Games (1972 - 1976)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-companion-to-australian-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Flintoff-King, Debbie", "Entry ID": "AWE2191", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flintoff-king-debbie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Debbie Flintoff-King was a hard-working, determined athlete who became an Olympic champion in the gruelling 400 meters hurdles event. She won Commonwealth Gold in 1982 and 1986, spent an intense season competing in Europe in 1987, but is best remembered for her last-stride victory in Seoul in 1988.\n", "Events": "Athletics - 400m Hurdles (1982 - 1982) \nAthletics - 400m Hurdles (1988 - 1988) \nAthletics - 400m Hurdles, 400m (1986 - 1986) \nCompeted in Los Angeles (1984 - 1984)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-companion-to-australian-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Honeychurch, Cara", "Entry ID": "AWE2195", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honeychurch-cara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Tenpin Bowler", "Summary": "Cara Honeychurch is a tenpin bowler who won the World Cup in 1996, the same year she was awarded the title of Bowler of the Year. In 1998, at Kuala Lumpar, she won three gold medals in the sport.\nIn 1999 she travelled to the United States, where the sport gets national TV coverage and where over 80 tournaments a year are played. In her first year as a professional, Honeychurch headed the season's averages and was second on the money earning lists. During this season, she bowled two perfect games, one of them on live TV, and in so doing earned herself a $50,000 bonus. In October 1999 she was voted Bowler of the Month by the American bowling media. In 2000, she won the Professional Women's Bowling Association (United States) Rookie of the Year award.\nIn October 2006, after a three year break from competition, she won the United States Bowling Congress Women's Challenge, defeating the 2005 World Ranking Masters champion, Clara Guerrero, in the final.\n", "Events": "Ten Pin Bowling - Singles, Doubles and Mixed Doubles (1998 - 1998)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bowling-the-new-glamour-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-cara-honeychurch-returns-to-winners-circle-with-victory-at-womens-challenge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cara-honeychurch-file\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Di Toro, Daniela", "Entry ID": "AWE2199", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/di-toro-daniela\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Paralympian, Tennis player", "Summary": "Daniela Di Toro is a champion wheelchair tennis player who, in 1999, was named the Australian Paralympic Committee Athlete of the Year. She was ranked number one in her sport in 2000.\nDi Toro was not born with a disability; she lost the use of her legs in 1988 after a wall collapsed on her while she was participating in a school swimming carnival. She credits her success to a meeting with another wheelchair athlete, basketballer Sandy Blyth, who was a rehabilitation worker at the unit where Di Toro was receiving treatment.\nDi Toro is still involved in her sport and works as a youth worker in Melbourne, Australia.\n", "Events": "Winner of the United States Open (1999 - 1999) \nAustralian Paralympic Committee Athlete of the Year (1999 - 1999) \nSilver Medalist at the Sydney Paralympic Games (2000 - 2000) \nWinner of the Australian Open (2000 - 2000) \nBronze Medalist at the Athens Paralympic Games (2004 - 2004) \nWinner of the Australian Open (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-paralympics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daniela-di-toro-file\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kerr, Beatrice Maude", "Entry ID": "AWE2217", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerr-beatrice-maude\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Aquatic performer, Diver, Swimmer", "Summary": "Raised at Albert Park, Melbourne, Beatrice Kerr and her four siblings were taught to swim by their mother, Eliza Sophia. Kerr began her competitive swimming career in Geelong and in Melbourne, at Brighton and Albert Park. In 1905 she won the Australasian amateur championship, and the 100 yards and 120 yards in the Victorian championships, and completed 366 swimming and diving performances at Princes Court, Melbourne. The following year she won forty-three swimming prizes in Western Australia. Kerr's fastest time for the 100 yards was 1 minute, 21.4 seconds, and for the mile, 27.5 minutes, but she did not hold world records nor did she compete in the Olympic Games.\nFollowing her rival, Annette Kellermann, Kerr travelled to the United Kingdom in 1906. She issued a public challenge to Kellerman that year, but did not receive a response. Kerr began a busy season of performances, appearing in theatrical swimming events. According to Judy Nelson, Kerr was renowned for swimming techniques including the revolving waterwheel, and for her diving displays, as well as for her daring, spangled swimming costumes. She returned to Australia in 1911 and retired from professional swimming the following year when she married Griffith Ellis Williams. The pair had one son and lived at Bondi, Sydney.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerr-beatrice-maude-1887-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pelloe, Emily Harriet", "Entry ID": "AWE2222", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pelloe-emily-harriet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical artist, Equestrian, Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Born in St Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria, Emily Pelloe was educated at a private school in South Yarra before moving with her family to Western Australia. In 1902 she was married in Perth to Theodore Parker Pelloe, a bank manager. The pair had no children.\nA member of the Perth Riding Club, Pelloe competed successfully in equestrian events in Sydney, Melbourne, Launceston and Perth. She made several long rides in New South Wales and Western Australia. In 1916 she turned her talents to the study of botany, and went on to produce a number of illustrated publications including Wildflowers of Western Australia. Some of her landscape watercolours were purchased by government departments.\nFrom 1920, Pelloe was writing the 'Women's Interests' column for the West Australian. She supported the Country Women's Association, the Women Writers' Club, and the Women's Riding Club. A year after her death, Pelloe's husband Theodore presented 400 of her wildflower paintings to the University of Western Australia.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1920 - 1930)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-orchids\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wildflowers-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/floral-glory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pelloe-emily-harriet-1877-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Varley, Gwendoline", "Entry ID": "AWE2228", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/varley-gwendoline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria", "Occupations": "Broadcaster, Journalist, Radio Journalist, Sports administrator, Sports Journalist", "Summary": "An athletic student, Gwendoline Varley went on to be sports mistress at the Hermitage school in Geelong, Victoria, before moving to Sydney, where she became organizing secretary of the City Girls' Amateur Sports Association. She inaugurated Girls' Week as a fundraising initiative, and caught the attention of local radio stations. In 1928, Varley began broadcasting with radio station 2BL and was founding secretary of its Women's Amateur Sports Association. The wireless was an invaluable tool for the promotion of sports activities for women, and the Association grew rapidly. It was placed under the auspices of the Australian Broadcasting Commission on the establishment of that body in 1932. Varley continued broadcasting for the ABC. In addition, she was involved with the City Girls' Amateur Sports Association; the New South Wales (NSW) Lawn Tennis Association; the NSW Women's Hockey Association; the NSW Women's Basketball Association; and the NSW Women's Cricket Association.\nVarley continued an active involvement in sport by captaining an A-grade tennis team, and - according to the ADB's Marion Consandine - by swimming, rowing, running, fencing, skating, and playing golf, hockey and croquet. She married Hector Maximus Greig, a widower and father of two sons, in June 1938.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1928 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/varley-gwendoline-1896-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wolinski, Naomi", "Entry ID": "AWE2230", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wolinski-naomi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sandhurst (Bendigo), Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Bowler, Sports administrator, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Following her husband Ury, Naomi Wolinski took up lawn bowls in the late 1920s, playing at the Wollstonecraft Bowling Club. In 1930 she co-founded the New South Wales Ladies' (Women's) Bowling Association, serving as inaugural vice-president, honorary secretary (1931-32), and president (1933-58), and becoming a life-member in 1938. She also co-founded the association's journal, (Women's) Bowls News, and chaired its editorial committee for nearly ten years.\nWolinski used her influence in women's bowling circles to organise fundraising and the production of clothing for servicemen during wartime. She was elected foundation president of the Australian Women's Bowling Council in 1947, and was vice-president (1938-50) and president (1950-64) of the National Council of Amateur Sports Women of New South Wales.\nIn 1953 Naomi Wolinski was awarded Queen Elizabeth II's coronation medal and in 1960 she was appointed M.B.E.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wolinski-naomi-1881-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gill, Eunice Elizabeth Perrott", "Entry ID": "AWE2238", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gill-eunice-elizabeth-perrott\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Netball Coach, Netball Player, Sports administrator, University teacher", "Summary": "Eunice Gill was an All Australian netball player who had a long term and profound influence on the development of Australian women's sport and sports administration in general. A graduate of the University of Melbourne (B.A. 1940, Dip. Phys. Ed. 1945), her views on the importance of sport and physical education were influenced by another netball player, Lorna McConchie, who helped to establish the physical education course at the University of Melbourne, and who was one of Gill's teachers at university.\nIt became obvious very quickly that Gill not only had a talent for sport, but for teaching, coaching and administration, talents that her paid work and community interests allowed her to express and explore to the maximum. Gill eventually went on to obtain a permanent position teaching in the Department of Physical Education. She used study leave in 1972-73 to undertake a Master of Arts coursework degree in physical education at Leeds University, from which she graduated in July 1973.\nWhile studying and teaching, Gill remained closely associated with the game of netball. She was appointed coach of the Victorian team in 1954, the same year she was appointed president of the All Australia Women's Basketball Association. In 1960, she was appointed coach of the Australian team, while still being the coach of the state team. She served on the executive of the International Federation of Netball Associations through the 1960s, 70s and 80s, contributing to the drawing up of an international code for the game in 1960.\nShe was influential outside of netball, too. Her reputation and qualifications led, among other things, to her appointment as a foundation member of the board of directors of the Confederation of Australian Sport in 1976. The following year she was the only woman on the Sports Advisory Council established by the Federal Government. In 1980 she was appointed to the committee established by the Victorian government to investigate the teaching of Physical Education in schools. As chair of the Australian Council in the early 1980s, she was responsible for the polices and procedures of the National Coaching Accreditation Scheme overseeing 33,000 registered coaches.\nEunice Gill died in 1987 and was posthumously honoured by the Australian Sports Commission, who created and named an award for excellence in coaching and coach development after her. Most recently, she was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame as an associate member. Those who knew her well praised her for her personal qualities of 'charm', 'dignity', 'diplomacy' and 'her delightful sense of humour' along with her legacy of improving the standard of coaching and administration and 'rais[ing] the profile of women in the community.\n", "Events": "Member of the Victorian State Netball Team (1945 - 1946) \nCaptained the All Australia carnival team (1946 - 1947) \nMember of the national team to tour New Zealand (1948 - 1948) \nAppointed to a permanent position in the Department of Physical Education at the University of Melbourne (1953 - 1953) \nAwarded Life Membership of the Victorian Netball Association (1959 - 1959) \nAppointed coach of the Victorian team (1954 - 1960) \nAppointed coach of the Australian team (1960 - 1960) \nReceived a service award from the Australian Netball Association (1966 - 1966) \nVice-president International Federation of Netball Associations (1959 - 1967) \nOrganised the 1968 Biennial Conference of the Australian Physical Education Association (1968 - 1968) \nAppointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services to sport (especially netball), recreation and physical education (1975 - 1975) \nFoundation Member of the the Board of Directors of the Confederation of Australian Sport (1976 - 1976) \nMember of the Sports Advisory Council (1977 - 1977) \nAppointed vice-president of the Confederation of Australian Sport (1982 - 1982) \nSenior Vice-President International Federation of Netball Associations (1975 - 1983) \nReceived a service award from the International Federation of Netball Associations (1983 - 1983) \nRetired from the University of Melbourne (1983 - 1983) \nChaired the Fifth Women's World Bowls Tournament (1982 - 1985) \nPatroness of the Victorian Lawn Bowls Association (1985 - 1985) \nAwarded the Australian Coaching Council's certificate of merit for outstanding service (1986 - 1986) \nAppointed a Fellow of the Confederation of Australian Sport (1986 - 1986) \nVice-president International Federation of Netball Associations (1983 - 1987) \nInducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-board-of-studies-in-physical-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-department-of-physical-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/netball-australia-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-netballer-victorian-netball-association-official-newsletter\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Raisbeck, Rosina", "Entry ID": "AWE2264", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raisbeck-rosina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Opera singer", "Summary": "Rosina Raisbeck enjoyed a successful career in London and performed on the club circuit across Australia in the 1960s, before joining the Australian Opera in 1971. She was still singing with the company at the age of 72.\n", "Details": "Raisbeck was born in Ballarat to English and Italian parents, and grew up in Maitland. After success on the club circuit in New South Wales, she entered the New South Wales Conservatorium in 1942. Raisbeck won the Sun Aria and ABC Concerto and Vocal competitions in 1946. She auditioned at Covent Garden, London, and performed her debut role as Maddalena in Rigoletto the following year.\nRaisbeck was a soloist in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony as part of the Queen's coronation celebrations in 1953. She sang with Sadler's Wells Opera in London, and with the Elizabethan Trust Opera Company at home in Sydney. In 1961, after her divorce from James Laurie, she returned to Sydney with her son, Jim. She joined the Australian Opera company ten years later. Raisbeck's last public appearance was at the 80th birthday concert of Dame Joan Sutherland, her friend and colleague, in October 2006.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raisbeck-rosina-singer-programs-and-related-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royce-rees-collection-of-sydney-theatre-photonegatives-1946-1967\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McConchie, Lorna Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE2269", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcconchie-lorna-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Netball Coach, Netball Player, Sports administrator", "Summary": "After nine years playing for both Victorian and Australian netball teams, Lorna McConchie coached Australia to victory at the first netball World Tournament in 1963. A member of the International Federation of Netball Associations for twenty-five years, McConchie was added to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2004.\n", "Details": "Lorna McConchie was educated at East Kew Primary School and University High School. She studied physical education at the University of Melbourne and began lecturing in dance, movement and teaching practice. McConchie was involved in the establishment of the University's prestigious physical education course, drawing students from all over the world.\nFrom 1931 to 1940, McConchie played for the Victorian and the Australian netball teams She was vice-captain of the Australian team in 1939, but a planned tour to New Zealand had to be cancelled after the outbreak of WWII. From this time, McConchie became more involved in the administration of the sport. By 1949, she was representing the Australian Physical Education Association at the first women's conference in Denmark. Ten years later she was the Australian delegate at the Inaugural Conference of the International Federation of Netball Associations (IFNA), where an international constitution was accepted. Convenor of the initial IFNA Rules Sub-committee from 1963 to 1967, she remained a member of the Federation for twenty-five years and was awarded the IFNA Service Award in 1991.\nMcConchie continued her involvement with the game itself despite her administrative duties. In 1956 she had become Australian coach and manager of the first women's touring netball team to visit England. In 1963, once again in England, she coached the undefeated Australian team at the first netball World Tournament.\nLorna McConchie was nominated as a member of the Netball Victoria Team of the Century in 2000, and in 2001 was inducted into the Netball Hall of Fame. She died the same year. Netball Victoria has named the State League Umpire Award in her honour.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-honour-roll-of-women-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-examination-of-some-aspects-of-sports-administration-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-play-netball\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-companion-to-australian-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-department-of-physical-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/netball-australia-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-board-of-studies-in-physical-education\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gatehouse, Eleanor Wright", "Entry ID": "AWE2281", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gatehouse-eleanor-wright\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Near Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Golfer, Sports administrator", "Summary": "Eleanor Wright Gatehouse was born in 1886, the eldest daughter in an eminent Victorian family; granddaughter of one of the earliest white settlers in the Geelong region, Thomas Austin. Described as 'a born ringleader' she was a forthright and formidable figure in women's golf in Victoria. Her refusal to take nonsense from people is well exemplified by a story that tells of the time she responded to a group of men who hit up on her party by hitting a ball right back at them!\nIt is said that Nellie's maternal grandmother nearly ended her golfing career before it began. Apparently Nellie arrived home from a mixed foursomes event one Sunday soaking wet and smelling of spirits. Nellie's grandmother was convinced by her doubtful excuse, that her partner had filled her button-up golf boots with whiskey to ward of the cold, and permitted her to continue playing. After this controversial start, she went on to enjoy a very successful playing career. She won the first of three Australian Championships in 1909 and won five Victorian Championships over the thirty years she was active in the game. In keeping with her personality, she retired a champion, hanging up her golf shoes after winning a veterans championship.\nNellie firmly believed that playing golf had taught her life lessons. 'After the game is over, forget all about it - especially if you had a rotten time. Live for the next day,' she advised. 'In my opinion a sound beating at golf is one of the best medicines you can have.' It was much more than a game for her, a round of golf was a spiritual experience. 'Golf is such a wonderful game that the more we can do for her the better is for the whole community,' she observed. 'For worshipping at the shrine of this goddess Golf gives us health, happiness and contentment.'\nNellie Gatehouse is best known as a golfer and golf administrator but she was also heavily involved in other activities. She was a Justice of the Peace, and served a term as President of the Australian Women's National League. She was keenly interested in the rights of children and served seven terms as President of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.\n", "Events": "Gatehouse wins the first of three Australian Championships (1909 - 1909) \nPresident of the Victorian Ladies' Golf Union (1928 - 1936) \nPresident of the Victorian Ladies' Golf Union (1942 - 1946)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-green-to-gold-the-first-fifty-years-of-the-australian-ladies-golf-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-victorian-ladies-golf-union\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Camplin, Alisa Peta", "Entry ID": "AWE2282", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/camplin-alisa-peta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Skier", "Summary": "Alisa Camplin is Australia's first female Winter Olympic gold medallist, dual Olympic medallist, World Champion, World Record Holder and two times WC Grand Prix Champion.\nIn 2017 Camplin was a director on four prominent Australian Boards - including the Australian Sports Commission, Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Olympic Winter Institute of Australia and the Collingwood Football Club.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Geoffrey and Jennifer Camplin, Alisa Peta Camplin was born in Melbourne's Mercy Hospital in 1974. With her two younger sisters, Georgina and Alexandrea, she was raised in Viewbank in north-east Melbourne. The family was sport-mad. Camplin recalls, 'every week our whole family was at swimming lessons, ballet recitals, tennis lessons, hockey training and Little Athletics competitions all over the state. It was like being part of a full-time live-in sports camp'. A tomboy from the beginning, Alisa loved to play cricket and football, run through the paddocks, swim, ride bikes and play war games with the ten boys in her neighbourhood. None of them could beat her in a running race, even with a head start. At school she insisted on wearing the boys' uniform and tried out for the boys' cricket team. Aged five she was enchanted by the opening ceremony of the Moscow Olympics - here the dream was born. One day she would represent her country at the Olympic Games.\nBy the age of seven, Camplin was breaking all the Little Athletics club records and beating the other girls by over 20 metres. Asked if she wanted to run with the boys, she accepted the challenge but it was tough competition and her first taste of losing a race. Determined to win again, she began training in the back paddock and before long was winning against the boys and taking out the Open Female All Stars events: 'When I was younger, I rarely crossed a finish line without throwing up or dry-retching from giving so much - I always wanted to be the fastest, to finish first, to record my best time, to beat my opponent or break a record.' Camplin won several state titles in the 800m and 1500m track events.\nCamplin began at Melbourne's Methodist Ladies College in 1987 at the age of twelve. There she took up gymnastics - 'I loved to tumble, jump, flip and twist, but I had neither flexibility nor grace' - and was competing in her first state titles by 1989, winning three silver medals. The following year she attended trials for the national titles, but had to pull out because of stress fractures in her lower back. Forced to abandon the sport, she 'followed a natural ex-gymnast's progression into diving' in 1991, attracted by the acrobatics. The move was short-lived as good coaches were hard to come by.\nIn the summer of 1992, having completed her secondary studies, Camplin began sailing Hobie Cat catamarans with her best friend Kynwynn Jones. The girls crewed together in 1993 at the Port Stephens National Championships and finished second. When Sydney was announced as Host City for the 2000 Olympic Games, Camplin received a call from her old athletics coach, asking if she would be prepared to train with a view to competing in the marathon. She duly began to train but remembers 'my heart was not one hundred per cent in it'.\nIn 1994 - a fateful year - she attended a ski show in Melbourne. A trampoline had been set up by Mt Buller's freestyle skiing program, Team Buller, and members of the audience were invited to try aerial manoeuvres in the trampoline harness. Camplin's acrobatic skills were well honed. Encouraged by her friends, she 'got in the rig and flipped around a bit'. She was soon approached by Geoff Lipshut (later CEO of the Olympic Winter Institute) and aerial skier Jacqui Cooper with an offer to begin training with the first Australian Aerial Skiing Development Squad. Camplin's dream was still very much alive, and after some consideration, she took up the offer with the sole aim of making it to the Olympic Games.\nWhat followed was a long, hard slog. Camplin had been awarded an academic scholarship and entry into Swinburne University's Bachelor of Information Technology degree, and she was determined to pursue her studies. It was in her second year at university that she began skiing and had to take on four jobs to help pay for ski lessons, mountain accommodation and petrol. She studied; coached gymnastics at MLC; worked for ANZ Bank; delivered pizzas; and cleaned houses. Every Friday night for three years she drove to Mt Buller at 10:00pm so as she could train over the weekend. It was not an easy ride:\nI endured ridicule from nine year olds who were better than me, plus spite and bitterness from those who thought my motivation for joining their sport was wrong. I also tolerated contempt from the alpine elite, as many of them thought my terrible skills and fancy team jacket made a mockery of their sport\u2026 It took seven years of my eight-year campaign before people began to believe that I might actually be able to win an Olympic Gold medal.\nConstantly fighting negative feedback on the ski fields, Camplin used the criticism as motivation: 'Every person who said I wouldn't make it stirred the fire in my belly and helped me train that much harder.' After a shaky start in competitions at Lake Placid and, in 1997, at Breckenridge, Colorado, where coaches told her she was 'the worst aerialist at training', Camplin's fight began to pay off. She finished seventh in her first Aerial World Championship event in 1999, and fourth in the World Cup finals in 2000\/2001.\n2002 was Camplin's year. At the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, despite multiple fractures in both ankles, Camplin won gold in the aerial skiing event, scoring 193.47 for her triple twisting somersault or 'back full\/double full'. She had asked her family not to come to the event as she felt it would be too expensive for them, and would place added pressure on her - but her mother and sister Georgina had hidden themselves in the crowd, and Camplin's joy was doubled when they surprised her after her win. Back home, Australia Post designed a stamp in her honour. Camplin and Steven Bradbury became Australia's first Winter Olympic gold medallists that year.\nCamplin had achieved greatness but the battle was not yet over. She suffered from depression - or 'post-success burnout' - after the Olympic Games and had to fight (ill-informed) accusations that she was something of a one hit wonder. In the 2002\/2003 season, Camplin won the World Championship and the World Cup title, breaking a world record in the process. She was named the 2002 Female Athlete of the Year, and received the 2002 Donald Bradman Award for the athlete who has most inspired the nation. In 2002 she also received the Kitty McEwan Award for Victorian Sportswoman of the Year and the Governor's Award for Victorian Sportsperson of the Year (she received both awards again in 2004). In 2003, she was selected as an Australian Institute of Sport all-time top twenty-one athlete. Rino Grollo and Mt Buller named a new building at the World Cup jump site the 'Alisa Camplin Winter Sports Centre'. Camplin had proven her point spectacularly.\nThe stress of competing and meeting expectations meant that Camplin developed stomach ulcers and had a gastrectomy in 2003. She took some time out from skiing to pursue other interests. She worked with the Seven Network; represented Australia at the IOC Convention in Greece; gave much of her time to work with charities; spoke to school students and corporate professionals across Australia; joined the Board of Directors at MLC; continued employment with IBM and began consulting with PricewaterhouseCoopers while the company supplied professional services to the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Committee.\nCamplin recommenced training for the 2004\/2005 season, but snapped the anterior cruciate ligament in her right knee and underwent surgery for a knee reconstruction, including a hamstring graft. Injury is inevitable in such a dangerous sport, and Camplin later recalled: 'I have broken my collarbone, dislocated my shoulder, broken my hand, broken multiple ribs, ripped my Achilles tendon, dislocated my sternum from my collarbone, fractured both ankles, torn my knee ligaments twice, suffered nine concussions and also had a full knee reconstruction.' After six months of rehabilitation, training began again and Camplin competed in the 2006 Torino Winter Olympics, winning bronze with a score of 191.39.\nCamplin has retired from aerial skiing. She loves reading the classics and biographies of political figures, she is an amateur painter, and she has designed a range of thermal underwear. She continues her involvement with charities (including the Melbourne Citymission) and her television work has included commentary for the Athens Olympics and judging for Dancing on Ice. In 2006 Camplin began conducting ski tours to Colorado, including nine-day tours to Aspen and Steamboat Springs.\n", "Events": "For service to sport as a Gold Medallist at the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games (2003 - 2003) \nFreestyle Skiing (2002 - 2002) \nFreestyle Skiing (2006 - 2006) \nMember of the Order of Australia (AM): For significant service to the community through support for paediatric health care. (2019 - 2019)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/high-flyer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/camplin-pins-hopes-on-donor-tendon-surgery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/snow-queen-alisa-camplin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alisa-camplins-bronze-jump\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooper, Jacqui", "Entry ID": "AWE2283", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-jacqui\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Skier", "Summary": "Described as 'the greatest winner in women's World Cup aerial skiing history' by the Olympic Winter Institute of Australia, Jacqui Cooper has eighteen World Cup events to her name. She won three World Cup titles in consecutive years between 1999 and 2001.\n", "Details": "Jacqui Cooper began skiing at the age of sixteen. She competed at the Winter Olympic Games at Lillehammer, Norway, in 1994 (placed 16th) and Nagano, Japan, in 1998 (placed 23rd). In 1999 she won the World Championships at Meiringen, Switzerland. Between 1999 and 2001 she won the World Cup title every year.\nSeverely injured with a shattered knee while training a week before the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002, Cooper couldn't compete in the Games. After a long recovery process she made a come-back at the Mt Buller World Aerials in 2004, winning silver. Cooper went to the Winter Olympics in Torino in 2006 having clocked up 113 World Cup starts; 81 World Cup top ten results; 28 World Cup podiums; and 15 World Cup victories. She came first in the qualifications, but 8th in the finals, and suspended plans for retirement until her results better reflected her abilities.\nBy the 2006\/07 season, Cooper was clearly in top form. At the World Cup in Mont Gabriel, Quebec, she scored 116.64, beating her own world record of 114.81, set just a fortnight earlier at Park City, Utah. Had she been competing in the men's competition, with these scores Cooper would have been placed second at Utah and fifth at Mont Gabriel. The first woman to do the triple-twisting triple somersault, Cooper intends not only to continue competing but to master the very difficult quadruple-twisting triple somersault and the triple-twister. She is considering competing in the 2010 Winter Olympics.\nCooper's awards include Victorian Sportswoman of the Year 2000; Victorian (Sport) Young Australian of the Year; Female Victorian of the Year; Australian Snow Sports Athlete of the Year (1999 and 2000); Australian Freestyle Skier of the Year (1998, 1999, 2000); Special Achievement Award Australian Snow Sports Awards 1997\/98.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-back-from-the-brink-to-fly-high-again\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-a-record-breaker-in-anyones-language\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-vows-to-fly-like-the-men\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baynes, Deserie", "Entry ID": "AWE2302", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baynes-deserie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Shooting champion", "Events": "Shooting - Trap (1996 - 1996) \nShooting - Trap Pairs (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bradtke, Nicole", "Entry ID": "AWE2309", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bradtke-nicole\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Tennis player", "Events": "Women's Doubles (With Rachel McQuillan) (1992 - 1992)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woodward, Danielle", "Entry ID": "AWE2315", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodward-danielle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Canoe\/Kayaker, Olympian", "Events": "Participated in the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games (1996 - 2000) \nWomen's K-1 (1992 - 1992)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Watt, Kathy", "Entry ID": "AWE2326", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watt-kathy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warragul, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Cyclist, Olympian", "Summary": "Kathy Watt became Australia's first female cycling gold medallist when she won the 181 kilometer road race at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona\n", "Events": "Cycling (Road) - 181km Road Race (1992 - 1992) \nCycling (Road) - 72k Road Race (1990 - 1990) \nCycling (Road) - Team Time Trial (1994 - 1994) \nCycling (Track) - Individual Pursuit (3000m) (1992 - 1992) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women. (2019 - 2019) \nParticipated in the Atlanta Olympic Games (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Taylor, Rachael", "Entry ID": "AWE2337", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-rachael\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Rower", "Events": "Rowing - Coxless Pairs (with Kate Slatter) (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tranquilli, Allison", "Entry ID": "AWE2338", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tranquilli-allison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burns, Lauren Chantel", "Entry ID": "AWE2342", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burns-lauren-chantel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Taekwondo", "Events": "For services to sport (2001 - 2001) \nOlympic squad member (2000 - 2000) \nTaekwondo - 49kg Class (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dobson, Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE2351", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dobson-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Shepparton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Hockeyroos (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell-Taverner, Claire", "Entry ID": "AWE2362", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-taverner-claire\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Roche, Danielle", "Entry ID": "AWE2370", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roche-danielle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chandler, Michelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2374", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chandler-michelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fallon, Trish", "Entry ID": "AWE2376", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fallon-trish\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2000 - 2000) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harrower, Kristi", "Entry ID": "AWE2378", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harrower-kristi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2000 - 2000) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maher, Robyn", "Entry ID": "AWE2381", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maher-robyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Competed at Los Angeles and Seoul (1984 - 1988) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Porter, Natalie", "Entry ID": "AWE2382", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/porter-natalie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sandie, Shelley", "Entry ID": "AWE2384", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sandie-shelley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Competed at Seoul (1988 - 1988) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Snell, Belinda", "Entry ID": "AWE2385", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/snell-belinda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mirboo North, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Basketball Team (2018 - 2018) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sporn, Rachel", "Entry ID": "AWE2386", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sporn-rachel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Murrayville, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2000 - 2000) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Taylor, Penelope", "Entry ID": "AWE2388", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-penelope\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Timms, Michelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2389", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/timms-michelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Competed in Seoul (1988 - 1988) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fox, Joanne", "Entry ID": "AWE2391", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fox-joanne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Water Polo Player", "Events": "Competed in Athens (2004 - 2004) \nMember of the Australian Women's Water Polo Team (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Edebone, Peta", "Entry ID": "AWE2412", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edebone-peta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Softball Player", "Events": "Member of the Softball Team (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Softball Team (2000 - 2000) \nMember of the Softball Team (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holliday, Jennifer", "Entry ID": "AWE2418", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holliday-jennifer\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Softball Player", "Events": "Member of the Softball Team (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McRae, Francine", "Entry ID": "AWE2421", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcrae-francine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Softball Player", "Events": "Member of the Softball Team (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Richardson, Nicole", "Entry ID": "AWE2425", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-nicole\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Softball Player", "Events": "Member of the Softball Team (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carr, Brenda", "Entry ID": "AWE2427", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carr-brenda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leongatha, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Track and Field Athlete", "Events": "Athletics - 800m (1960 - 1960)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davies, Judy Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE2434", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davies-judy-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Swimmer", "Summary": "Judith Joy Davies was an Australian Olympian who won a bronze medal in the 100-metre backstroke at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London and followed up with three gold medals at the 1950 Empire Games in Auckland. She won seventeen Australian championships in freestyle, backstroke and medley swimming. After finishing her swimming career she worked as a sporting journalist for the Melbourne newspapers The Argus and The Sun-News Pictorial.\nDavies was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2011 as a General Member for her contribution as a sportswriter. She was one of the first women journalists to break into covering all sports when she started working with the Melbourne newspaper The Argus, in an era when women sports writers were normally confined to covering women's sport. Her Argus experience included covering the 1954 Commonwealth Games in Vancouver and then the 1956 Olympics in her home town of Melbourne.\nWhen the Argus ceased publication in 1957 she joined the rival Sun News Pictorial where she was to cover local and international sport for the next 31 years. She was widely respected by both editors and athletes and in 1982 was awarded the National Press Club Award for Sports Journalism.\n", "Events": "Competed in Helsinki (1952 - 1952) \nSwimming - 100m Backstroke (1948 - 1948) \nSwimming - 110y Backstroke; 4 x 110y Freestyle Relay; 3 x 110y Medley Relay (1950 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/record-breaking-swimmer-became-champion-sports-writer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judy-joy-davies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/half-the-race-a-history-of-australian-women-in-sport\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ferris, Michelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2441", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ferris-michelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Cyclist, Olympian", "Events": "Cycling (Track) - Sprint (1996 - 1996) \nCycling (Track)- 500m Time Trial (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Joyce, Rebecca", "Entry ID": "AWE2458", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joyce-rebecca\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Rower", "Events": "Rowing - Lightweight Double Scull (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Newbery, Chantelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2475", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newbery-chantelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Diver, Olympian", "Summary": "Chantelle Newbury has retired from competitive diving and is one of Australia's most successful international competitors in the sport. She won gold at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Victoria and in so doing proved that pregnancy is not necessarily an obstacle to success in competitive sport.\nAfter competing in her last event she took a home pregnancy test and discovered she was pregnant just minutes before being called to her medal presentation. 'I'm the only diver to compete and win at a major event while pregnant yet if I had known for sure and informed team doctors they would have banned me from competition,' she said.\n", "Events": "Competed in Sydney (2000 - 2000) \nDiving - 10m Platform (2004 - 2004) \nDiving - 10m Platform Synchronized (2006 - 2006) \nDiving - 1m Springboard (1998 - 1998) \nDiving - Synchronised Diving 3m Springboard (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newbury-secret-revealed\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mactier, Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE2490", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mactier-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Cyclist, Olympian", "Events": "Cycling (Track) - Individual Pursuit (2004 - 2004) \nCycling (Track) - Individual Pursuit (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Livingstone, Nicole", "Entry ID": "AWE2493", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/livingston-nicole\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Swimmer", "Summary": "Livingstone retired from competitive swimming in 1996 after representing Australia in three Summer Olympics, moving to a career as a television sports reporter, media presenter and sports administrator, including being elected to the boards of Swimming Australia, the Australian Sports Drugs Agency and the Australian Olympic Committee. She was appointed chief executive officer of the Victorian Institute of Sport in September 2024. Following her mother's death from ovarian cancer in 2001, Livingstone started the organisation Ovarian Cancer Australia.\nLivingstone was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in 1997 for service to swimming as a representative at state, national and international levels.\u00a0 She was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2006 and appointed an\u00a0 Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in June 2025 for distinguished service to sports development and administration, to the promotion of women in sport, and to community health.\n", "Events": "Competed at Seoul (1988 - 1988) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2006 - 2006) \nSwimming - 100m and 200m Backstroke; 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay; 4 x 100m Medley Relay (1994 - 1994) \nSwimming - 100m Backstroke, 4 x 100m Medley Relay (1990 - 1990) \nSwimming - 200m Backstroke (1992 - 1992) \nSwimming - 4 x 100m Medley relay (1996 - 1996) \nSwimming - 4 x 200m Freestyle relay (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Donnet, Irene Pearl", "Entry ID": "AWE2522", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/donnet-irene-pearl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Diver", "Events": "Diving - Springboard (1938 - 1938)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-donnet-an-unassuming-champion\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MacGibbon-Weeks, Charlotte Cecilia", "Entry ID": "AWE2525", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macgibbon-weeks-charlotte-cecilia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Charlotte McGibbon was unlucky to reach her peak in the early 1940s when there was no international competition due to World War II.\nSpecialising in the javelin, she was the first Australian woman to beat 40 metres and won every national championships from 1940 to 1952.\nShe was unlucky to miss Olympic selection in 1948 but, in the Empire Games of 1950, became Australia's first international throws medallist with her gold medal in the javelin.\n", "Events": "Athletics - Javelin Throw (1950 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McQuade, Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE2527", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcquade-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Swimmer", "Summary": "Marjorie McQuade represented Australia in the Olympic Games in London in 1948 and in Helsinki in 1952. At the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, New Zealand, McQuade won three gold medals: in the women's 110-yard freestyle, the 4\u00d7110-yard freestyle relay and the 3\u00d7110-yard medley relay.\n", "Events": "Swimming - 110y Freestyle; 4 x 110y Freestyle Relay; 3 x 110y Medley Relay (1950 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wilson, Rebecca (Betty)", "Entry ID": "AWE2530", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilson-rebecca-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collingwood, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Cricketer, Sportswoman", "Summary": "Betty Wilson was the first test cricketer, male or female, to complete the match double of 100 runs and ten wickets in a test match.\n", "Details": "The daughter of a Hoddle Street, Collingwood, bootmaker, Betty Wilson was a talented, natural athlete who could 'run like a hare'. She began playing club cricket at the age of ten when, after impressing with her ability to return the ball from the boundary, she was recruited from the crowd to play for the Collingwood Women's Cricket Club. In her first season, she was voted the club's 'most improved player'. Some members of the local community were concerned about her safety, as a child playing amongst adults, especially after she was hit by a ball while batting. Her parents, however, continued to support her involvement, confident that a player with her natural ability would learn from the experience. 'She has been hit once\u2026.she won't be hit again', they said.\nTiming mitigated against Wilson enjoying an extensive international career. She only played eleven tests because the Second World War prevented her from playing internationally before 1948. She made the most of her opportunities in those eleven tests, however, amassing 862 runs at an average of 57.47, putting her on a par with the current Australian Captain, Ricky Ponting (as of August 2006 it was 58.86 ) and ahead of a previous Australian test captain Greg Chappell (53.86). Her bowling figures were equally, if not more impressive; in that period she took 68 wickets for an average of 11.81 (in August 2006, Australian champion bowler, Shane Warne, had an average of 25.25). In one match against England, in 1958, she created a record for the number of wickets in an innings (she took 7 for 7 runs). In this match, she was the first test cricketer, male or female, to complete the match double of 100 runs and ten wickets in a test match.\nBetty Wilson was successful because she had natural talent and worked hard to exploit it. She trained everyday, unlike most of her team mates, who trained once a week. She left nothing to chance; she even starched her hat so it wouldn't flop around while she batted. In an age of amateurs, she was ahead of her time in terms of the professional approach she took to her preparation.\nIn honour of her significant achievements and contributions to women's cricket, Betty Wilson was admitted to the Australian Sporting Hall of Fame in 1985, the first women's cricketer to be so honoured. In 2006, she was the first Australian women to be awarded Honorary Membership of the Melbourne Cricket Club. Her name is memorialized in the trophy that Australian Under 21 women cricketers compete for, the Betty Wilson Shield.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wicket-women-cricket-and-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-cricketing-great-dead-at-88\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-wilson-interviewed-by-nicola-henningham-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Francis, Bev", "Entry ID": "AWE2531", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/francis-bev\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Bodybuilder", "Summary": "As a teenager, Bev Francis was an accomplished shot-putter in track and field. She began powerlifting, winning six world titles from 1980 to 1985 and earning the accolade of \"Strongest Woman in History\". In 1983 Francis was invited to attend the Caesar's World Cup in Las Vegas, representing the 'muscular extreme' and sparking a debate within the bodybuilding community on 'how much muscle is too much?'\nAt the contest Francis met IFBB judge and powerlifter Steve Weinberger, whom she later married. She relocated to Weinberger's Long Island abode and entered her first IFBB Ms. Olympia contest in 1986, where she was placed 10th. The next year, she won the IFBB Women's World Pro Championships and was third in that year's IFBB Ms. Olympia. She was third again in 1988 and 1989, and runner-up in 1990. In the 1991 contest she presented the most muscular female physique ever seen and finished, controversially, as runner-up to Lenda Murray. Once again, Francis' extreme muscular form sparked debate and led to an attempt to overhaul procedure.\nToday Francis and Weinberger live in Syosset, Long Island, as co-owners of Bev Francis Gold's Gym.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kilborn, Pamela", "Entry ID": "AWE2548", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kilborn-pamela\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Pamela Kilborn was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1971 and a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2008.\n", "Events": "Edinburgh Commonwealth Games - Athletics - Gold medal in 100m Hurdles, 4 x 100m Relay (1970 - 1970) \nKingston Commonwealth Games - Athletics - Gold medal in 80m Hurdles, 4 x 110y Relay (1966 - 1966) \nPerth Commonwealth Games - Athletics - Gold medal in 80m Hurdles, Long Jump (1962 - 1962) \nTokyo Olympic Games - Athletics - Bronze medal in 80m Hurdles (1964 - 1964) \nMexico City Olympic Games - Athletics - Silver medal in 80m Hurdles (1968 - 1968) \nCompeted in Munich Olympic Games (1972 - 1972)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lewis, Tamsyn", "Entry ID": "AWE2619", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lewis-tamsyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Events": "Athletics - 4 x 100m Relay (2006 - 2006) \nAthletics - 4 x 400m Relay (1998 - 1998) \nAthletics - 4 x 400m Relay (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McIntosh, Trudy Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE2623", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcintosh-trudy-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Gymnast", "Events": "Gymnastics (Artistic) - Team All Round; Balance Beam (1998 - 1998)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jenkins, Nessa", "Entry ID": "AWE2638", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jenkins-nessa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ararat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Shooting champion", "Events": "Shooting - Trap Pairs (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rahman, Natalia", "Entry ID": "AWE2639", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rahman-natalia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Shooting champion", "Events": "Shooting - Skeet Pairs (2002 - 2002) \nShooting - Skeet Pairs (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Russo, Monette Simone", "Entry ID": "AWE2659", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/russo-monette-simone\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Gymnast", "Events": "Gymnastics (Artistic) - Team All Around (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crosswhite, Janice", "Entry ID": "AWE2694", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crosswhite-janice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Hockey player, Shooting champion, Softball Player, Sports administrator, Sportswoman, Track and Field Athlete, Volunteer", "Summary": "Janice Crosswhite has experience in sport and recreation at a local, state and federal level, having taught physical education, been a sports administrator and a sport and recreation consultant. Janice was the founding president of Womensport and Recreation New South Wales and is now a board member of Womensport & Recreation Victoria. She is also on the Executive Board of the International Association for Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women. She is the founding and current (2007) president of the Australian Womensport and Recreation Association. Her OAM recognizes her services to the community and women's sport.\n", "Details": "Janice Crosswhite has a long history of involvement in sport as a participant. She represented Victoria in softball, basketball and hockey and the University of Melbourne in track and field. She competed in women's open and Master's basketball tournaments. In 1994 she won a gold medal for foul shooting at the World Masters Championships and her masters team has won a number of Australian Championships.\nJanice also has extensive experience in the sports administration. She has been a physical education teacher, adviser and lecturer in Victoria. In the ACT she worked for ACHPER (Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation), the Australian Sports Commission and the ACT Government. In NSW she has been employed by local governments, sporting associations, clubs and companies. As a volunteer Janice has made a considerable contribution to sport as a coach, an administrator and on various educational and sporting boards and committees.\nShe was awarded an Australian Sports Medal 2000 for services to basketball (past President of Manly Warringah Basketball Association and Life Member) and in 2002 was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for services to the community (Company Secretary of the Northern Beaches Indoor Centre project, etc) and women's sport.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reichstein, Jill", "Entry ID": "AWE2701", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reichstein-jill\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community advocate, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Jill Reichstein is Chair of the Reichstein Foundation and an advocate of social change philanthropy. Mentor to many Australian women philanthropists, she is a member of the Committee of Management for Changemakers Australia and has served on the boards of the Melbourne Community Foundation, the Foundation for Young Australians, the Community Support Fund Community Advisory Council, the Trust for Young Australians, the Mietta Foundation, the Koori Heritage Trust, and Philanthropy Australia.\n", "Details": "The only child of industrialist Lance Reichstein, Jill grew up in Toorak, self-conscious about her family's wealth. She was never taught skills in money management by her father, who distrusted the political groups with which she was involved. Jill took part in the anti-Vietnam War and anti-apartheid movements. She studied Liberal Arts in the United Kingdom, and was in Paris during the manifestation of 1968. Back in Melbourne, she completed studies in sociology and anthropology at Monash University. She worked at a women's refuge in Kew - the first community-based halfway house - and was greatly influenced by the women's liberation movement. She also worked in community-based childcare for the Brunswick Community Group, and for the Brunswick City Council.\nOn his death, Lance Reichstein left the majority of his substantial fortune to establish the Lance Reichstein Foundation. Jill, then twenty-five years old, was appointed to the otherwise all-male board of trustees. Frustrated by the board's preoccupation with the investment of funds, as opposed to their distribution, she instigated a change of personnel. Over the next eight years she replaced board members with experienced women passionate about social change, and became Chair at the age of thirty-five. Lance Reichstein's own philanthropy had been traditional in style, with donations to established charities and hospitals. His trust deed stipulated that funding should go to welfare and educational endeavours. It was sufficiently broad to allow Jill and her new board to undertake some more ambitious projects.\nJill established the Social Change Network in the 1980s. In part, the group was made up of people with 'a strong belief that society should be more equitable. Others have just felt a discomfort at having too much'. She set out to change the public perception of philanthropy and philanthropists, insisting that traditional charities were addressing the symptoms rather than the causes of society's problems. She was quoted in the Good Weekend in February 1989: 'I think a lot of women who inherit wealth have never been taught the modes of managing their money or ways of dealing with solicitors and accountants'. Jill was also involved in Women in Philanthropy, which began as a support group for women who felt uncomfortable with their wealth or were seeking ideas for philanthropic activity. Inspired by an American publication, Robin Hood was Right, she arranged for donor activist and philanthropist Tracy Gary to visit Australia and speak to the group.\nFrom the outset, Reichstein has specialised in funding programs deemed high risk. Of her training scheme through the Aboriginal Health Service in 1989 she noted 'the Health Commission wouldn't touch it', but the program successfully trained 27 people per year. Four years later, the Good Weekend was writing about the Reichstein Foundation again, discussing its funding for a support group for truckies' wives; a sports program for Aboriginal youth; the Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture; and a theatre group of former women prisoners (Somebody's Daughter).\nToday the Reichstein Foundation is worth $12 million. Jill Reichstein speaks regularly about her work at seminars and conferences (see conference proceedings from Philanthropy Australia) and her daughter Lucy and son Tom are members of the board, which is comprised of four women and two men. Priority funding areas are Indigenous people; people with a disability; refugees and asylum seekers; environment; human rights; and the criminal justice system.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-great-form-of-love-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/big-hearted-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1975-2001-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Alexander, Goldie", "Entry ID": "AWE2706", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alexander-goldie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "Goldie Alexander was an author of books, short stories and articles for adults and children of all ages. Her book Mavis Road Medley (1991) was chosen by the State Library of Victoria and the Australian Centre for Youth Literature as one of their 150 'treasures' to celebrate 150 years of the library.\n", "Details": "Goldie was born in Melbourne just before the 2nd World War. Her parents had migrated from Poland in the late 1920s, and when she was small, she hardly spoke any English. Her earliest memories are of a time when young children were allowed to wander the streets without anyone worrying too much about them getting into trouble.\nHer first four Young Adult books were 'Dolly Fiction' novels published under the pseudonym of Gerri Lapin. Her first book under her own name, Mavis Road Medley, is a time travel fiction exploring the world of Princes Hill and her parents' struggles to survive the Depression. Goldie wrote more than 90 books, and many short stories and articles.\nShe was a co-winner in the 2000 and 2001 Mary Grant Bruce Award for two long short stories, and is also known for her historical, science fiction and mystery novels, plus her short stories and non fiction work.\nPublications not listed below include Unkind Cut, Transported, Killer Virus (2002), Easternport Bay, Cowpat$, Starship Q, Trapeze, The Little Big School, 6788, Seawall, Astronet (1996), Shape-Shifters, Captain Gallant, A Hairy Story, An Interview with Cindy Centipede, Children's Rights, Australia's National Identity, The Importance of Technology in People's Lives, The History of Bread. Slim Pickings, Understanding Jack, Everything Changes, and Working It Out were written under the pseudonym of Gerri Lapin. With Hazel Edwards, Alexander co-wrote Excuse Me! Outrageous Plays, Right and Wrong (5 plays), Email Murder Mystery and The Primary Drama Resource Book. She also co-wrote Thrills and Spills with Allan Baillie and Michael Hyde.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/body-and-soul\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-business-of-writing-for-young-people\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mavis-road-medley\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unjust-desserts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/surviving-sydney-cove-the-diary-of-elizabeth-harvey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKinna, Cheryl", "Entry ID": "AWE2710", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckinna-cheryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sports administrator", "Summary": "Cheryl McKinna was elected President of the University of Melbourne Sports Union in 1978 and then selected as Director of Sport and Physical Recreation in 1980. Having completed a Diploma in Physical Education and being actively engaged in sport at the university, she was concerned about issues of equity and regarded her step into sporting administration as part of an on-going process. She wanted people of all abilities to include sport in their experience of university life and hoped to encourage women to use the sporting facilities more regularly. 'There is still the attitude that it is unfeminine for women to participate in sport and to sweat,' she observed in 1978. The first woman to take on the role, she was more qualified in sports administration than any of the previous five holders of the office.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ties-that-bind-a-history-of-sport-at-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-university-of-melbourne-sports-union-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Allpress, Val", "Entry ID": "AWE2712", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allpress-val\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Australian football club administrator, Sports administrator", "Summary": "Val Allpress was appointed secretary of the University of Melbourne Australian football club, University Blues, in 1983. Her husband was an umpire and in 1982, after coming home from umpiring a grand final in which the Blues had been beaten again, she remarked that 'What they need is a good woman to organise them'. Shortly afterwards, she was asked to accept the job as secretary.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ties-that-bind-a-history-of-sport-at-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Allison, Lynette (Lyn) Fay", "Entry ID": "AWE2721", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allison-lynette-lyn-fay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Lyn Allison was elected to the Senate for Victoria in 1996 and 2001, becoming Leader of the Australian Democrats in 2004. She was an outspoken campaigner on health, education, environment, nuclear and women's issues. She was defeated at the November 2007 election and left the Senate on 30 June 2008.\n", "Details": "Before entering politics, Allison completed a Bachelor of Education (Melb.) and worked as an administrator (1964-86) and a secondary school teacher (1987-91). She became a Councillor for the City of Port Melbourne in 1992, before being elected to the Victorian Senate in 1996.\nBetween 1998 and 2006, Lyn Allison served on the Legislation and References Committees for Environment, Recreation (later Information Technology), Communications and the Arts; and for Community Affairs. She served as Senate Select for Superannuation (1996-98); the Victorian Casino Inquiry (1996); the Lucas Heights Reactor (2000); Medicare (2003-04); and Mental Health (2005). In 2002 she was a member of the Parliamentary Delegation to New Zealand.\nFrom 2002 to 2004, Allison was Australian Democrats Whip and Deputy Leader. She became Leader of the party in December 2004.\n", "Events": "Australian Humanist of the Year (2008 - 2008) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012) \nSenate Select Committee on Mental Health (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Collins, Jacinta Mary Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE2722", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collins-jacinta-mary-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Jacinta Collins was chosen to represent Victoria for the Australian Labor Party in the Senate in 1995. She was elected to the same position in 1998, but defeated at the general elections in 2004. She was re-appointed in May 2008 on the resignation of Senator Robert Ray, but she had been re-elected at the 2007 general election and took her seat in the Senate for a term of six years on 1 July 2008. She held the portfolio of Health and Ageing for a short period before the 2013 election, when she was re-elected and the Labor Government was defeated.\n", "Details": "Jacinta Collins has been a member of the Australian Labor Party since 1987. She completed a Bachelor of Arts (Monash) and Bachelor of Social Work (La Trobe), before working as a Social Welfare Officer and Research Officer for the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees' Association. In 1989, Collins joined the ALP's Administrative Committee; Status of Women Committee; and Social Justice Policy Committee. She was appointed to the Senate in 1995 following the death of Senator Olive Zakharov.\nIn the ten years from 1995 to 2005, Collins served on Senate Legislative and References Committees on Community Affairs; Economics; and Employment, Workplace Relations, Small Business and Education. She was a participating member on the References Committee for Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade. Collins was a member of the Parliamentary Delegation to the 101st IPU Conference in Brussels, Belgium, April 1999; and of the Parliamentary Delegation to the Russian Federation in mid-2005. From 1998 to 2001, she was Parliamentary Secretary representing the Shadow Ministers for Industrial Relations and Employment, Training and Population in the Senate. From mid-2003 to 2004, Collins was a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry, serving as Shadow Minister for Children and Youth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burke, Anna Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE2724", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burke-anna-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Anna Burke, a member of the Australian Labor Party, was elected to the House of Representatives of the Parliament of Australia representing Chisholm, Victoria,between 1998 and 2016. After the 2007 election, she was elected as Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives and in 2012 assumed the Speaker's role until August 2013.\nOn 16 January 2017, Burke was appointed as a full-time Member of the General, Freedom of Information, and Veterans' Appeals Divisions of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, with her term to end on 15 January 2024.\nIn the 2019 Australia Day Honours Burke was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for \"distinguished service to the Parliament of Australia, particularly as Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to the community\".\n", "Details": "Anna Burke completed a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) from Monash University and a Masters in Communication (Hons) from the University of Melbourne. She was an Industrial Officer with Victorian Roads, the Victorian Institute of Technology, and the Finance Sector Union before being elected to the House of Representatives in 1998. She has served on the House of Representatives Standing Committee for Economics, Finance and Public Administration; and its Joint Statutory Committee for Corporations and Financial Services, and Public Accounts and Audit.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Corcoran, Ann Kathleen", "Entry ID": "AWE2725", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/corcoran-ann-kathleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dandenong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Ann Corcoran was elected to the House of Representatives for Isaacs, Victoria, representing the Australian Labor Party, at a by-election in August 2000. She was re-elected in 2001 and 2004. She retired before the 2007 election.\nBefore entering the Federal Parliament she stood for the Legislative Assembly seat of Sandringham at the Victorian state election, which was held on 2 March 1985.\n", "Details": "Ann Corcoran was ALP Branch Secretary from 1980-1990. She completed a Diploma of Business Studies (Swinburne), and Graduate Diploma in Business (Monash) before working as a Certified Practising Accountant. Between 1988 and 1999, she held management positions in finance at the University of Melbourne, Frankston Hospital, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Kilvington Baptist Girls' Grammar School and Woodleigh School.\nA member of the Speaker's Panel from 2002, Corcoran has served on House of Representatives Standing Committees on Environment and Heritage; Science and Innovation; Education and Vocational Training; and Publications. From 2004-06 she was Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Immigration.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Graley, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE2727", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/graley-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sunshine, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Judith Graley was elected as Member of the Legislative Assembly for Narre Warren South in November 2006, representing the Australian Labor Party. In 2002 she stood as a candidate for the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Mornington, but was unsuccessful on that occasion. She was re-elected to Narre Warren in November 2010 and in November 2014. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Deputy premier in the Labor Government, which came to power in November 2014.\nGraley did not seek re-election at the 2018 state election, and retired from parliament in October 2018.\nBefore her entry into state Parliament, Judith Graley served as a local government councillor for the Mornington Peninsula Shire Council from 1997-2003 and was its mayor from 2000-2001.\n", "Details": "Judith Graley completed a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) at La Trobe University, and a Diploma of Education at the University of Melbourne before working as a Tutor in the Department of Politics at both institutions over a number of years. Graley also worked as a secondary teacher at Footscray High School and a Company Director for Graley Chiropractic Services. She became Mayor of Mornington Peninsula Shire Council in 2000, when she also served as a board member for Peninsula Health. In 2002, Graley worked as Electorate Officer for Alistair Harkness MLA, and in 2004 she took on the same role for The Hon. Tim Holding MLA. Graley was elected MLA for Narre Warren South in 2006.\nGraley is married with three children. Her special interest areas are health, schools and kindergartens, child care, environment, and community resources. She is a member of the Western Bulldogs Football Culb; Emily's List; Southern Women's Action Network; Union of Australian Women; National Union of Workers; Community and Public Sector Union; Friends of Los Palos, Timor Leste; and the Victorian Local Governance Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victoria, Heidi", "Entry ID": "AWE2729", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victoria-heidi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Parliamentarian, Photographer", "Summary": "Heidi Victoria was elected Member for Bayswater, in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in November 2006, representing the Liberal Party. She was re-elected at the election which was held on 27 November 2010 and again in November 2014, when the Labor Party returned to power.\nIn March 2013, after serving as Parliamentary Secretary for the Arts and Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier of Victoria she was appointed Minister for the Arts, Consumer Affairs and Women's Affairs.\nOn the defeat of the Liberal Government in November 2014, she currently holds the Shadow Portfolios of Major Events; Arts and Culture and Aboriginal Affairs.\nMs Victoria was born in Melbourne, Victoria. She has been involved in community work for over 30 years with not-for profit organisations including SCOPE and the Make-A-Wish Foundation . She also served on the Australian board of the National Council of Women as company secretary.\nPassionate about fighting injustice Minister Victoria's move into politics in 2006 was a logical one.\nAs the mother of a young daughter, she became involved in a community lobbying campaign to save her local primary school's English\/German language immersion program- which had been recognised as one the State's leading bilingual education success stories for nearly three decades \u2014 from closure.\nMs Victoria has a BA in Fine Arts (Photography) and spent several years running her own photographic business, specialising in portrait and event photography.\n", "Details": "Heidi Victoria completed a Bachelor of Arts (Fine Art Photography) in 1988, and became the owner and National Sales Manager of a photography business. Within the Liberal Party, she has served as Branch President, Vice-President and Secretary; State and Federal electorate council delegate; fundraiser; branch development officer; and State council and Federal conference delegate. She was elected MLA for Bayswater in 2006.\nWith interests in the arts, local sport and charity, Victoria has served as President and Director of the Make-a-Wish Foundation and Director of the National Council of Women of Australia (2003-2006). She is Patron of the Knox Raiders basketball team; Ambassador for the Victorian State Women's Basketball Team; and member of the Wantirna South Junior Football Club. She has been Secretary of the Victorian Parliament\/People's Republic of China Friendship Group and Executive Member of the First Friends of Dandenong Creek.\n", "Events": "Elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly (2006 - 2006) \nAppointed Minister for the Arts, Consumer Affairs and Women's Affairs in the Victorian Stae Government (2013 - 2013)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wooldridge, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE2730", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wooldridge-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Mary Wooldridge was elected Member of the Legislative Assembly for Doncaster in November 2006, representing the Liberal Party. She was Shadow Minister for Mental Health, Drug Abuse and Aged Care. She was re- elected in November 2010 and was a Minister in the Liberal Government, holding the portfolios of Mental Health, Women's Affairs and Community Service. Her seat was abolished in a redistribution for the 2014 election, and she was subsequently elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for Eastern Metropolitan Region in November's state election. She held the Shadow portfolio of Health and was Leader of the Opposition and of the Liberal Party in the Legislative Council.\nWooldridge announced her intention to retire from state politics on 8 December 2019, using the moment to call on the Liberal Party to consider gender quotas as a way of increasing female representation in the Victorian Parliament.\n", "Details": "Mary Wooldridge completed a Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) degree at the University of Melbourne and a Master of Business Administration at Harvard University. She took on employment with consultants McKinsey & Co., and became an Executive Director with media organisation Publishing & Broadcasting Limited (PBL). She was also a Senior Advisor to the Hon. Nick Minchin, Minister for Industry, Science and Resources, and was elected MLA for Doncaster in 2006.\nWooldridge has served as Chief Executive Officer of The Foundation for Young Australians, and retains a strong interest in community participation and volunteering as well as women's health. She has been a Director of the Breast Cancer Network Australia, Foundation Boroondara, Trinity College at Melbourne University and the Otis Foundation, a network of rural retreats for women with breast cancer.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hartland, Colleen", "Entry ID": "AWE2731", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hartland-colleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Morwell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Colleen Hartland was elected Member for the Legislative Council for the Western Metropolitan Region in November 2006, representing the Australian Greens. She was re-elected in 2010 and again in 2014. Before her election to the state parliament, she stood as an Independent candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Footscray at the Victorian state election, which was held on 3 October 1992.\n", "Details": "Colleen Hartland completed a Diploma of Community Development (Victoria University of Technology TAFE) before working in community development with the Western Region Health Centre. For two years during the term of the Cain\/Kirner governments, Hartland was a cook at Parliament House. She became a Councillor for Sheoak Ward with the Maribyrnong City Council in 2003, and was elected MLC for Western Metropolitan in 2006.\nHartland was an activist and leader of a campaign against the storage of toxic chemicals at Coode Island in the 1990s. She was a foundation member of the Hazardous Materials Action Group (HAZMAG).\nHartland was featured on ABC Radio National's Life Matters on 22 August 2002.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/former-parliament-cook-to-make-a-meal-out-of-spring-street\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/local-heroes-australian-crusades-from-the-environmental-frontline\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kronberg, Jan", "Entry ID": "AWE2732", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kronberg-jan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Jan Kronberg was elected MLC for the Eastern Metropolitan Region in November 2006, representing the Liberal Party in the Victorian parliament. She was re-elected in 2010 as a member of the Liberal Government, but retired at the November 2014 election.\n", "Details": "Jan Kronberg was a marketing lecturer at Box Hill Institute before embarking upon a political career. She has worked as an advisor for various industry groups and government organisations. Jan is a member of the Lions Club, Parliament of Victoria; the National Council of Women, Victoria; Manningham Interfaith Network; and the Liberal Women's Council of Victoria. She has served in a number of party positions including Vice Chairman of the Menzies Federal Electorate Council and Convenor of the Policy Committee for Community Services and Housing.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pennicuik, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE2733", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pennicuik-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Sue Pennicuik was elected Member of the Legislative Council for the Southern Metropolitan Region in November 2006, representing the Australian Greens (Victoria). She was re-elected at both the 2010 and 2014 elections. She has held the position of Victorian Greens Whip in the Legislative Council since 2006.\n", "Details": "Sue Pennicuik holds a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Environmental Science from Monash University, as well as a Bachelor of Applied Science and Diploma of Education from the University of Western Australia. She worked as a fitness instructor, a secondary teacher, an Environment Officer for the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union, and as Coordinator for the Occupational Health and Safety Unit of the ACTU before embarking on a political career.\nPennicuik was a founding member of the Port Phillip Branch of the Australian Greens Victoria. She was Convenor of the Victorian Electoral Campaign Committee in 2001-2003, and a candidate for the Senate in 2004. She was elected MLC for the Southern Metropolitan Region in 2006, and that year was the Victorian Greens State Spokesperson on arts & heritage; climate change; gay and lesbian rights; industrial relations; marine; party issues; and transport, ports and freight. Pennicuik is a member of Greenpeace, Earthcare St Kilda, Esplanade Alliance, the Australian East Timor Association, and Friends of the ABC.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Petrovich, Donna", "Entry ID": "AWE2734", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/petrovich-donna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Mayor, Parliamentarian, Sales manager", "Summary": "Donna Petrovich was elected Member for the Legislative Council for Northern Victoria in November 2006, representing the Liberal Party. She resigned from state parliament on 1 July 2013 in order to stand as a candidate for the seat of McEwen at the 2013 federal election, but was unsuccessful.\n", "Details": "Formerly Mayor of the Shire of Macedon Ranges, Donna Petrovich has particular interests in town planning, rural infrastructure, and sustainability. She is vice-president of the Woodend Sustainability Group and a member of the Woodend Lions Club; the Woodend Pony Club; Bullengarook Adult Riders; and the Hanging Rock Advisory Committee.\nQualified with an Associate Diploma of Business Administration, she was Sales Manager for Bynon Industries and Marketing Executive for the Central Victorian and Hanging Rock Racing Clubs.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pulford, Jaala", "Entry ID": "AWE2735", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pulford-jaala\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Jaala Pulford was elected Member for the Legislative Council for Western Victoria in November 2006, representing the Australian Labor Party. She was re-elected in 2010 and in 2014. She is currently serving as Minister for Agriculture, Regional Development and Deputy Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council in the Labor Government, which returned to power in 2014 after its defeat in 2010.\n", "Details": "Jaala Pulford joined the Castlemaine Branch of the Labor Party at the age of 16 in 1990. She was an active Young Labor member, and was a Young Labor delegate to the ALP National Conference. Over the course of her political career, Jaala has served as State and National Conference Delegate; member of the Labor Women's Network National Executive; president of the Women's Policy Committee; and vice president of the Victorian Branch of the Labor Party.\nIn 1994 Jaala became the youngest participant in the inaugural ACTU traineeship for Union Organisers. She began working in this capacity with the National Union of Workers, Victorian Branch, in 1995. She has also worked as an Organiser for call centres, representing a predominantly female workforce, and has used her industrial relations experience to improve the working conditions of staff at her community child care centre. Pulford was elected MLC for the Western Victorian Region in 2006.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Trioli, Virginia", "Entry ID": "AWE2776", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trioli-virginia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Television Journalist", "Events": "Best Business Report - 'The Bet Bardas Lost', The Age, Melbourne, Fairfax (1995 - 1995) \nBest Columnist (1998 - 1998) \nRadio Current Affairs Reporting (on behalf of the ABC 774 Drive Team) - 'Minister Overboard', Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dreyer, Marien", "Entry ID": "AWE2784", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dreyer-marien\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mornington, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Darlinghurst Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Journalist, Playwright, Print journalist, Radio Journalist", "Summary": "Marien Dreyer wrote numerous scripts for the Australian Broadcasting Commission from the 1940s to the 1960s, and was author of the popular New Idea column 'This Week with Marien Dreyer' from 1955 to 1962.\n", "Details": "Daughter of a New Zealand-born journalist, Joseph Dreyer, and his Australian wife Mary Oulton (n\u00e9e Rosson), Marien was educated at a convent school until the age of 14. She worked as a stenographer and took on a number of jobs in Sydney before returning to Melbourne in 1940, where she worked as telephonist for the Australian Imperial Force. Marien married Rodney Beaumont Lovell Cooper, and the pair settled in Sydney in the 1940s. They were to have two sons.\nIn Sydney, Dreyer produced a large number of stories and plays for magazines and radio broadcasts with scripts including 'The Windows of Heaven', 'The Big Wind', and the autobiographical 'Story of a Lame Duck' (Dreyer lost a leg while still a child). From 1955 to 1962, she wrote the popular New Idea column, 'This Week with Marien Dreyer'. She won the Walkley Award in 1959 as co-writer of a non-fiction magazine article for New Idea entitled 'The Day I Wiggled My Big Toe'. Dreyer's satirical play, Bandicoot on a Burnt Ridge, won her the Journalists' Club \u00a31,000 award for 1962-63. In 1966, she assisted stipendiary magistrate Arthur Debenham with the authorship of his memoirs, Without Fear or Favour. She was a prolific writer of letters to the editor, many of which were published in the Sydney Morning Herald.\n", "Events": "Best Magazine Feature Story (Non-Fiction), 'The Day I Wiggled My Big Toe' (with Harry Cox), New Idea and People (1959 - 1959)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dreyer-marien-oulton-1911-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Warren, Agnes", "Entry ID": "AWE2826", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/warren-agnes\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Radio Journalist", "Summary": "Agnes Warren won a Walkley award for her reporting of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia in 1992. She reported from the frontline in Serbia and from a Bosnian refugee centre. She was also sent to report on the treatment of Palestinians after the 1991 Gulf War as well as nationalist demonstrations in Northern Ireland. Prior to taking on her overseas postings, she was the ABCs Industrial Relations reporter.\n", "Details": "While reporting on the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, Warren worked in very difficult conditions. In Vukovar, for instance, she would go out and collect sound effects and interviews during the day and produce them by night. Her pieces to radio were packaged in blacked-out hotels that were frequently under mortar or sniper fire. She had one candle for a week and edited her pieces on two cassette recorders from its light.\n", "Events": "Best Coverage of a Current Story (Print), 'Report from Vukovar', Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1992 - 1992)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-media-report-women-in-the-media\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/media-entertainment-and-arts-alliance-australia-records-of-the-w-g-walkley-awards-1956-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Singer, Jill", "Entry ID": "AWE2829", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/singer-jill\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Korumburra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Television Journalist", "Summary": "A journalist with extensive experience in the print and electronic media Jill Singer has worked at all levels behind and in front of the camera and microphone across Australia for both commercial and public broadcasters. Jill has produced and presented radio programs from remote rural locations, and designed, produced and presented national television news and current affairs programs. As well as winning awards for television broadcasts on architectural and medical issues, Jill won the Walkley award in 1992 for best television investigative journalist and the Quill award for best television current affairs report in 1999.\n", "Details": "Jill Singer won the 1992 Walkley Award for best television investigative journalist for the story called 'Baby M'. The story took six weeks to prepare and was described by the judges as 'an outstanding report which investigated the circumstances surrounding very emotional issues - the death of a severely abnormal baby'.\nIt was a story of national significance because it hinged on fundamental inadequacies in Australian law regarding the rights and obligations of doctors and parents in relation to the treatment of very disabled or sick newborn babies.\nIn the course of producing the story, Singer negotiated exclusive access to doctors, specialists, Right to Life advocates and 'Baby M's' parents.\nAs a direct result of the story, the Victorian Law reform Commission drew up guidelines for parents and doctors so that the trauma endured by 'Baby M's' parents would never be repeated.\n", "Events": "Best Investigative Report (Television), 'Baby M', Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1992 - 1992) \nGold Award - Best Piece of Journalism, 'Baby M', Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1992 - 1992)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inspiring-reporter-and-journalism-educator-jill-singer-dead-at-60\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-media-report-women-in-the-media\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/media-entertainment-and-arts-alliance-australia-records-of-the-w-g-walkley-awards-1956-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Garner, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE2859", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garner-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Scriptwriter, Writer", "Summary": "Helen Garner is an award-winning Australian novelist, short story writer, screenwriter and journalist. After graduating from the University of Melbourne in 1965 she worked as a high school teacher. While teaching, she contributed to journals and worked in theatre. Her first novel Monkey Grip was published in 1977. It was an instant success, winning a National Book Council award in 1978 and being filmed in 1982.\nGarner has successfully written both fiction and non-fiction. Considerable controversy attended the 1995 publication of The First Stone: Some Questions about Sex and Power, an examination of allegations of misconduct in a University college. In 1993, she won a Walkley award for her feature article on the sad death of a small child, Daniel Valerio.\nGarner has written three scripts for Australian films: Monkey Grip (Cameron, 1982), Two Friends (Campion, 1986) and The Last Days Of Chez Nous (Armstrong, 1992). Along with her novels, short stories and journalism, these films have cast Garner as a central figure in the history of Australian film and literature.\nShe has written three true-crime books: first with The First Stone, about the aftermath of a sexual-harassment scandal at a university, followed by Joe Cinque's Consolation, a journalistic novel about the court proceedings involving a young man who died at the hands of his girlfriend, which won the Ned Kelly Award for Best Crime Book, and again in 2014 with This House of Grief, about Robert Farquharson, a man who drove his children into a dam.\n", "Details": "Garner was born in Geelong in 1942. She attended the Manifold Heights State School, Ocean Grove State School and The Hermitage. She graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1965 with a Bachelor of Arts, majoring in English and French. She then worked as a high school teacher between 1966 and 1972. In 1968 she married Bill Garner and was divorced in 1971.\nIn 1972, Garner was fired by the Victorian Department of Education for her publications in the magazine, The Digger. Throughout the 1970s, Garner also published in the Women's Liberation journal Vashti's Voice.\nHer first novel, Monkey Grip, was published in 1977. The book was very successful, winning the National Book Council Award in 1978. In 1982, garner wrote the script for the feature film Monkey Grip (Cameron, 1982). The film followed the lives of a small group of inner city people and how sex and drugs impacted their lives.\nIn 1980, she married Jean-Jacques Portail and divorced in 1985. She has also married and divorced Australian writer Murray Bail.\nIn 1986, her collection of short stories, Postcards from Surfers, won the 1986 NSW Premier's Literary Award and her novel The Children's Bach won the 1986 SA Premier's Literary Award. Also in 1986, Garner wrote the script for Two Friends (Campion, 1986).\nIn 1991, Garner wrote the script for the dramatic comedy The Last Days of Chez Nous (Armstrong, 1992). Produced by Jan Chapman, the film explored the relationship between two very different daughters and their father.\nIn 1993, her novel Cosmo Cosmolino was nominated for a Miles Franklin Award.\nIn 1995, her non-fiction The First Stone: Some Questions About Sex and Power, caused intense uproar amongst feminists.\n", "Events": "Best Feature Writing, ' Why Did Daniel Have To Die?', Time Australia (1993 - 1993) \nFeature Writing Long - 'Why she broke: The woman, her children and the lake' - The Monthly (2017 - 2017) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nNon-Fiction Book, 'Joe Cinque's Consolation', Pan Macmillan (2005 - 2005)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/why-did-daniel-haveto-die\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-garner-1942\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-manning-clark-1907-1992-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/media-entertainment-and-arts-alliance-australia-records-of-the-w-g-walkley-awards-1956-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garner-helen-interviewed-by-steve-stockwell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-last-days-of-chez-nous-original-release\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monkey-grip-original-release\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/two-friends-original-release\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-film-commission-documentation-australian-film-commission-script-laboratory-womens-programme-group-shot-of-participants\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-garner-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-helen-garner-author-sound-recording-interviewer-sara-dowse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-helen-garner-1990-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-redress-press-book-files-1976-1996-including-correspondence-contracts-readers-reports-reviews-and-photographs\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henderson, Sarah Moya", "Entry ID": "AWE2875", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henderson-sarah-moya\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Television Journalist", "Summary": "Sarah Henderson was elected Member for Corangamite representing the Liberal Party in the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament at the September 2013 election.\nBefore her election to Parliament she worked as a broadcast journalist and lawyer.\n", "Events": "Best Coverage of a Current Story (Television), 'Lynne's Story', Australian Broadcasting Corporation, (with Mike Swinson) (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Janet Charlotte", "Entry ID": "AWE2884", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-janet-charlotte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Banker, Journalist, Print journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Janet Mitchell was born in Melbourne and grew up in Victoria. She studied music at the Royal Academy of Music in London during WWI, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of London in 1922. After returning to Australia, she held a senior position in the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) from 1924-1926.\nShe began working for the Government Savings Bank of New South Wales in 1926, where she worked until 1931. She was the first woman to hold an executive position in a big Australian bank. Later, as a journalist in Mukden, she witnessed the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, an experience which inspired her only novel, Tempest in Paradise written in 1935. In 1933 she was acting Principal of University Women's College (Sydney) and then spent the years 1934 to 1940 in England. During this six year period Mitchell spent time working as a journalist She also published her autobiography, Spoils of Opportunity. \n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1934 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-janet-charlotte-1896-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spoils-of-opportunity-an-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tempest-in-paradise\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kenihan, Kerry", "Entry ID": "AWE2885", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kenihan-kerry\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Kerry Kenihan worked as a primary school teacher before turning to journalism, a career she has followed for over thirty years. She was at one time women's editor of the Melbourne Sunday Observer and chief sub-editor of New Idea. In the 1970s Kenihan was a prolific writer of short stories, many of them romances, which she published under various pseudonyms. Since then she has worked freelance, writing both general news and features on topics including medicine, food and wine, and women's issues.\nHer second son, Quentin, was born in 1975 with severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which meant that his bones were as brittle as eggshell. With her husband Kenihan founded the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation to assist families afflicted with this condition. Their experiences in caring for Quentin and helping him to overcome the difficulties resulting from his OI led her to write the bookHow to be the Parents of a Handicapped Child - and Survive (1981), and in 1985 when Quentin was ten she wrote his story.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1960 - 1990)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/quentin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-be-the-parents-of-a-handicapped-child-and-survive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Honey, Ennis Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE2892", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honey-ennis-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Ennis Josephine Honey was a freelance writer, music teacher and journalist. She was a sub-editor for Australian Women's Weekly from 1965 to 1975, and contributed to several Australian newspapers and magazines, including the Daily Mirror, New Idea, and the Sydney Morning Herald.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1965 - 1975)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nymphs-and-goddesses-the-story-of-a-girlhood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Veitch, Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE2893", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/veitch-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Kate Veitch was born in Adelaide in 1955. She left home and school at fifteen and has published, along the way, a non-fiction exploration of parenting, as well as journalism and book reviews for the Sydney Morning Herald and Vogue amongst others. She also produced 'Their Brilliant Careers', a series of programs on women writers for Radio National. Kate is based in Melbourne, where her brothers and adult son live, but spends half the year in New York with her partner. Listen, her first novel, was published in 2007\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1980 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/listen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Osborn, Annie", "Entry ID": "AWE2898", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osborn-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "New York City, New York, United States", "Occupations": "Editor, Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Annie Osborn was a dutiful, Christian wife and daughter and the mother of eight children. As a journalist in Australia she edited the woman's pages of the Age and the Leader : a weekly journal of news, politics, literature, and art in Melbourne, Victoria. She also edited the children's page of the Leader using the pseudonym of 'Cinderella'. Osborn also wrote regularly for the Presbyterian journal, The Messenger, and for the Australian Christian World. Her column in The Messenger was written under the pseudonym of 'The Minister's Wife' and greatly advanced religious journalism in Australia.\nOsborn wrote children's readers that became so popular they were adopted in Australian schools and adapted for radio broadcasts. She left Australia in 1927 when her husband decided to peruse clerical opportunities in North America. While in the United States, Annie Osborn was President of the Mount Vernon Federation of Christian Women.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1900 - 1930)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grover, Jessie", "Entry ID": "AWE2899", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grover-jessie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Sericulturalist", "Summary": "The daughter of inn-keepers, Jessie Grover dabbled in sericulture before turning to journalism. In 1873 Jessie and her friend Mrs Sara Florentia Bladen-Neill thought that the silk production industry would be a fit one for women, and so formed the Victorian Ladies' Sericultural Co. Ltd, with Jessie as managing director. The company articles specified that 'No person but a woman shall be eligible as a Director'. Prominent Melbourne women took up most of the \u00a34 shares. The government made a grant of 600 acres (242.8 ha) of hilly land at Harcourt, near the Mount Alexander diggings, where bluestone buildings were erected and thousands of mulberry trees planted. The surveyor had fixed on the wrong location, however, and the enterprise collapsed after several years of intensive effort.\nWhen her mother died in 1879 she left the bulk of her estate to her daughters. This meant that Jessie and her husband, Harry, were now able to buy a large house at St Kilda and live mainly from their investments. Harry contributed humorous items to Melbourne Punch. Jessie was social editor of the Melbourne Bulletin in 1880-86, and Australian correspondent for the Queen (London). She covered events at Government House, garden parties, charity bazaars and a few scandals in a human and personal style. She wrote under various pseudonyms such as 'Gladys', 'Iris', 'Humming Bee' and 'Queen Bee'. Her son, Montague continued the journalist tradition she established.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1880 - 1900)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grover-jessie-1843-1916\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-montague-grover-circa-1810-1980-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holman, Ada Augusta", "Entry ID": "AWE2900", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holman-ada-augusta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Journalist, Novelist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Before she married W.A Holman in 1901, Ada Kidgell had established herself as an intelligent and energetic journalist. By 1896 she was publishing short stories, reviews and political and literary items, using her own name, 'Marcus Malcolm' and 'Nardoo'. As 'Myee' she sent 'Our Sydney letter' to Melbourne Punch. She was a frequent contributor to the Sydney Mail, Sydney Morning Herald and the Freeman's Journal. She edited and wrote most of the copy for the Co-operator, a trade journal for rural producers. She continued journalism after marriage, sometimes ghosting items which appeared under her husband's name. The Labor Party benefited from her ability to place items sympathetic to its programme in the non-Labor press.\nAda Holman's political views were well formed before her marriage to her New South Wales Labor politician husband. She was republican and a critic of the Constitution, of the South African War and of inequality, whether related to class or sex. She enjoyed writing on these topics, but found that once her husband was installed in the NSW cabinet in 1910, her output was restricted; her short stories continued to appear but little else.\nAda Holman resented both the limitations to her own work consequent on being married to a prominent politician, and the demands on women to conform to notions of middle class femininity that restricted women's experience to that of only wife and mother. Women would be free, she wrote to Australian author Dowell O'Reilly, when motherhood affected woman's life 'only to the same degree as parenthood does a man'.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1895 - 1910)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holman-ada-augusta-1869-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-a-holman-papers-1866-1936-together-with-papers-of-william-arthur-holman-1912-1932\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-a-holman-papers-1856-ca-1890-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-w-a-holman-1917-painted-by-john-samuel-watkins\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wallace, Theodosia Ada", "Entry ID": "AWE2910", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wallace-theodosia-ada\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Double Bay, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Educated at the University of Sydney, (she received her B.A. in 1891) Theodosia Wallace tried teaching before she swiftly moved into journalism. Coming from a family of journalists, perhaps this was hardly surprising.\nAt the age of 20 she wrote a social column for the Melbourne Argus and Australasian as 'Biddy B.A.' She also contributed to the Sydney Morning Herald and later joined its staff, writing mainly on temperance and feminist subjects, such as the passing of the Married Women's Property Act, free kindergartens and changes to the laws on prostitution. The Herald started a weekly feature, 'A Page for Women', in September 1905 and Theodosia was appointed editor for the page.\nTheodosia Wallace also established a presence in regional newspapers. She wrote syndicated letters for the Orange Leader and a Dubbo newspaper. In the Newcastle Herald, under the pseudonym 'INO', her weekly column 'An Idle Woman's Diary' ran from 1920. She was the first head of the Country Press Association's press-cutting service, working there for about thirty years. She was a founding member of the Society of Women Writers.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1892 - 1930)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wallace-theodosia-ada-1872-1953\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pen-portraits-women-writers-and-journalists-in-nineteenth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grattan, Michelle", "Entry ID": "AWE3098", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grattan-michelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Michelle Grattan was the first woman to become editor of an Australian metropolitan daily newspaper. Specialising in political journalism, she has written and edited for many significant Australian newspapers. Her long and distinguished career in journalism began in 1970 at the Melbourne Age, where she enjoyed a stellar career as their political editor. She left that paper (for good!) in 2013. .\n", "Details": "Michelle Grattan studied politics at the University of Melbourne, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours). She worked as a tutor in politics at Monash University before joining The Age in 1970. From 1971, Grattan was working in the Canberra press gallery for The Age, and became the newspaper's chief political correspondent in 1976. She received the Graham Perkin Award as Australian Journalist of the Year in 1988. That same year, she delivered the Arthur Norman Smith Memorial Lecture in Journalism. The lecture, 'Reporting Federal Politics', examined the difficulties of being a senior political journalist. Political journalism, said Grattan, was deadline-driven. It meant 'dealing with instant history: catching the moment, making quick judgements'. The political journalist had to learn to work in the small, insular world of the press gallery; to penetrate bureaucracy; to avoid the tactics of propagandists, including press secretaries and ministerial staff; and to maintain the delicate relationships between themselves and the politicians who could make or break their stories. Above all, they had to avoid being pulled into the fray, being coerced, or taking sides: 'objectivity is an impossible dream', Grattan admitted, but at the very least 'we should think in terms of \"fairness\"\u2026 presenting the debate in a balanced way'.\nIn 1993, Michelle Grattan left her post at The Age to take up an appointment as editor of The Canberra Times, making her the first female editor of a metropolitan daily newspaper in Australia. She remained at The Canberra Times for two years before returning to The Age as political editor in 1995. With twenty-five years of experience then behind her, Grattan had much to say in debates around the perceived impending doom of the Australian newspaper. In September 1995, she delivered the Walter Murdoch Memorial Lecture - 'Headline, Deadline, Bottom Line: The Case for Good Journalism' - in which she acknowledged that newspaper circulation rates were dropping; papers were under threat from more technologically sophisticated forms of media; the roles of editor and marketer were increasingly blurred; newspaper companies were transforming from family-owned operations to major conglomerates; and, perhaps most critically, newspapers were not necessarily producing 'first-rate' journalism, 'the kind that tells people what they would not otherwise know, tweaks the tails of the power wielders, turns over rocks to stir the dark life beneath'. Though newspaper staffs had broadened, including more women, for example, they had also become more homogeneous. Newsrooms were inclined to be 'politically and journalistically correct', said Grattan, but too much 'sameness' was a danger.\nThree years later Grattan was delivering another paper, this time to an audience at the University of Queensland's Department of Journalism, where she had accepted an honorary appointment as Adjunct Professor. Here Grattan openly criticised what she termed the 'ascendancy of commercialisation in Australian newspapers'. In contrast to the late 80s when editorial independence was 'the hot talk of Australian journalism', the late 90s were witness to a worrying degree of censorship and collusion. The country's newspapers were under the control of a small number of dominant men - most notably the Murdoch and Fairfax operations - and media companies were hand-in-hand with government and business. Of Murdoch's company, News Corp, Grattan observed: its 'national and international interests are so vast that no day can pass when one bit of the empire is not faced with the task of reporting on another section of the empire'. Large media companies had taken to employing 'high level political operatives' who held sway with the government. Meanwhile, some journalists were compromising themselves by accepting formal stakeholder status in the media companies employing them. Editors were being re-branded as publishers, responsible for appeasing advertisers, employers, and the readership: 'The modern editor thinks of his paper as a supermarket for readers, selling a guide to modern living, as much as a conveyor of news and views'. The 'journalistically brave' editor who offended a political power centre had far less protection than he once had: he could be (and frequently was) easily replaced.\nAs a respected journalist and household name, Grattan has played a significant role in influencing public opinion. She has published material on the Australian Labor Party specifically (Managing Government: Labor's Achievements and Failures, 1993), but critiques both major parties based upon policy and personal conduct (see 'Selfish cry from a man who no longer gives a damn' following Mark Latham's attack on the Labor Party, The Age, 19 June 2005), and she wrote the biographical chapter on former Prime Minister John Howard in her edited collection, Australian Prime Ministers (2000). Grattan approves of those who stand up for a worthy cause, and have the political gumption to bring it to fruition. In 1989 she co-published (with Margaret Bowman) Reformers: Shaping Australian Society from the 60s to the 80s, profiling fourteen Australian reformers from Gough Whitlam to Katharine West. The profiles, the authors hoped, would 'add a human dimension to abstractions like \"social change\" and \"reform\"'. In 2000, Grattan edited Reconciliation: Essays in Australian Reconciliation.\nGrattan joined The Australian Financial Review as a columnist and senior writer in 1996. In 1999, she was appointed chief political correspondent for The Sydney Morning Herald, but returned to The Age once again as a political columnist in 2002. In January 2004, she was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for her long and distinguished service to Australian journalism, and in March of that year became political editor and bureau chief for The Age. In 2006, Michelle Grattan received the Walkley Award for Journalism Leadership.\nIn 2013 Grattan announced her resignation from The Ageto take up a position as professorial fellow at the University of Canberra. She will also be the Associate Editor (Politics) and Chief Political Correspondent of The Conversation.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nJournalistic Leadership, The Age, ABC Radio National (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-prime-ministers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reporting-federal-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/headline-deadline-bottom-line-the-case-for-good-journalism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/back-on-the-wool-track\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reconciliation-essays-on-australian-reconciliation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reformers-shaping-australian-society-from-the-60s-to-the-80s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/editorial-independence-an-outdated-concept\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/managing-government-labors-achievements-and-failures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/can-ministers-cope-australian-federal-ministers-at-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-michelle-grattan-on-aboriginals-and-torres-strait-islanders\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Child, Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE3101", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/child-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yackandandah, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Joan Child was the first female member of the Australian Labor Party to be elected to the federal Parliament in the House of Representatives as Member for the seat of Henty in 1974. She lost her seat in the 1975 general election, but regained it in 1980. She became the first female Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1986, holding the position until she resigned in 1989. She remained the only female speaker of the house until October 2012, when Anna Burke was appointed to the position.\nJoan Child retired from parliament in 1990 when the seat of Henty was abolished in an electoral redistribution. She was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in June 1990.\nShe died on 23 February 2013 at the age of 91. In a statement from Prime Minister Julia Gillard, on the occasion of her death, Joan Child was remembered as a pioneer and an inspiration. 'As a confirmed true believer, Joan never forgot who had put her into politics or why. She was a powerful voice for the needs and rights of women, especially working women and women doing it tough.'\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-federal-woman-speaker-joan-child-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hon-joan-child\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melzer, Jean Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE3102", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melzer-jean-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Jean Melzer served as an Australian Labor Party Senator for Victoria in the Federal Parliament from 18 May 1974 until 30 June 1981. She was defeated at the 1980 election. In 1984 she stood unsuccessfully for the Senate as a representative of the Nuclear Disarmament Party.\n", "Details": "Jean Melzer continued to serve the community after she left the Federal Parliament. She participated actively in the University of the Third Age (U3A) in Victoria becoming president of the U3A Network in 2004. She is currently serving on the Committee.\nIn 2004 in recognition of her work, she was awarded both the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) and the Victorian Premier's Senior Achiever Award.\nIn 2006 her name was added to the Victorian Woman's Honour Roll for her contribution to Community Services, Government Local State and Federal.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/farewell-to-a-great-australian-anti-nuclear-senator\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mayer, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE3103", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mayer-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kaniva, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Helen Mayer was elected to the House of Representatives of the Federal Parliament of Australia as the Member for Chisholm in Victoria in 1983. A member of the Australian Labor Party she served until 1987 when she was defeated at the General election. She died in 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zakharov, Alice Olive", "Entry ID": "AWE3104", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zakharov-alice-olive\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Olive Zakharov was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia in 1983 as a representative for Victoria. A member of the Australian Labor Party, she served until her death in 1995.\n", "Details": "The Hansard record of the proceedings in the Australian Senate on the afternoon after the death of Alice Olive Zakharov nee Hay consists entirely of the condolences, delivered over more than two hours. The tributes delivered in the House of Representatives also filled an entire sitting.[1]\nA graduate in Arts (1971) from the University, qualified teacher and member of the Australian Psychological Society, Olive Zakharov had, during her early years worked as a pathology assistant, mail officer, shop assistant, waitress and fruit-picker. She brought up three children as a single mother from the time her youngest child began school, becoming the Student Welfare Co-ordinator at Montmorency Secondary College in 1969.\nOlive Zakharov had been active in the Australian Labor Party for many years before standing for the Senate in 1983, when she was elected, despite being placed fifth on the Party ticket. She was, until 1993, one of only two Victorian women in the Senate. The tributes paid on her death refer to her dedication not only to causes but to the individuals they affect: the Commonwealth car drivers and the staff of Members and Senators reflect this. They specifically asked for their condolences to be registered in the parliamentary record.\nSenator Zakharov's concerns were wide-ranging and consistent: they were issues concerned with social equality. She was active in initiatives on sexual discrimination, sexual harassment, domestic violence and HIV\/AIDS. She was a member of the Campaign for International Cooperation and Disarmament and of World Women Parliamentarians for Peace. Her longstanding commitment to peace led to her being appointed to represent Australia as a delegate to the 1987 Vienna Peace Conference. The following year in the USSR she witnessed the first destruction of a nuclear missile as the representative of Australian pacifists. She chaired a number of committees, most notably the Senate Standing Committee on Employment, Education and Training, and served on many others, including the Committees on Community Affairs, Environment, Recreation and the Arts. Perhaps most ironically, in view of that organisation's interest in her own and her husband's political activities at the University, she was a member of the Joint Committee on ASIO.\nA memorial at the corner of Liardet and Lalor Streets, Port Melbourne celebrates her life.[2]\n[1] Australia. Parliament. House of Representatives. 'Condolences: Zakharov, Senator Alice Olive'. Hansard. 7 March 1995: 1657-1678; Australian. Parliament. Senate. 'Condolences: Senator Alice Olive Zakharov'. Hansard. 7 March 1995: 1443-1468.\n[2] http:\/\/monumentaustralia.org.au\/search\/display\/93967-olive-zakharov\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/olive-zakharov-senator-for-victoria-alp-1983-1995\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-senator-olive-zakharov\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Powell, Janet Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE3105", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/powell-janet-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nhill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Political candidate", "Summary": "Janet Powell stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for the Australian Democrats Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Rodney at the Victorian state election, which was held on 5 May 1979. She was a candidate again at the 1985 state election, when she stood for the Legislative Council province of Central Highlands.\nShe was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia in 1986 as a representative for Victoria. A member of the Australian Democrats and leader from 1990-1991, she resigned from the party in 1992. She served as an Independent until 1993.\nIn 2004 she joined the Australian Greens Party and stood as a candidate in the November 2006 Victorian State election for the Eastern Metropolitan Region in the Legislative Council.\nAfter leaving Parliament, Ms Powell focused on volunteer leadership roles in health, women's issues and services for the disadvantaged.\nPowell passed away in September 2013, survived by four children and one grandchild.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/former-democrats-leader-janet-powell-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-janet-powell-1977-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Synon, Karen Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE3106", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/synon-karen-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Gippsland, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Karen Synon served as a Senator for Victoria in the Parliament of Australia from 13 May 1997 until 30 June 1999. A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, she was defeated at the 1998 federal election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mirabella, Sophie", "Entry ID": "AWE3107", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mirabella-sophie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Sophie Mirabella was elected to the House of Representatives of the Parliament of Australia in 2001 as the Member for Indi. A member of the Liberal party of Australia, she was re-elected at the 2004, 2007 and 2010 federal elections. Before her election to Parliament she was a delegate to the Australian Constitutional Convention in 1998 and argued strongly against the proposal for Australia to become a republic. She was defeated at the 2013 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "King, Catherine Fiona", "Entry ID": "AWE3109", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/king-catherine-fiona\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Social worker", "Summary": "Catherine King was elected to the House of Representatives of the Parliament of Australia as the Member for Ballarat in 2001. A member of the Australian Labor Party, she was re-elected at the 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013 federal elections. She held the ministerial portfolios of Regional Australia, Local Government and Territories before the defeat of the Rudd Labor Government in 2013.\nA complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Salmon, Lorraine", "Entry ID": "AWE3115", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/salmon-lorraine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Lorraine Salmon was a successful businesswoman who worked in public relations and advertising after establishing a career as a script writer for the Australian Broadcasting Commission during the second world war. A longtime member of the Communist Party of Australia, she held the position of secretary of Actors' Equity for some years. She travelled to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) with her husband, journalist Malcolm Salmon, in the late 1950s. She freelanced and assisted local media outlets to establish a presence, working, for instance, with her husband for the English-language service of Radio Hanoi. On her return from North Vietnam she resumed a business career but continued to pursue her literary interests, regularly reviewing new theatre productions.\n", "Details": "Lorraine Salmon learnt how to write during World War 2 when she took up script writing with ABC Radio and the Victorian Commercial radio station 3UZ. On the strength of this work, she was offered a position in the Rationing Commission in the Publicity Unit. She worked there until the commission closed in 1947. She says that in her first year with the commission, she produced 'almost a million words' communicating with the Australian public about issues relating to rationing.\nWhen the Commission was closed down she began working for ICI Australia and New Zealand conducting radio sessions. ICI had just developed the raising agent 'Aerophos' and Salmon, or Marjorie Carter, as she was known to her audience, a mythical home economist, used these sessions to explain, amongst other topics, the various ways that Aerophos could be used in cooking. These sessions were broadcast to a wide and diverse audience and Marjorie Carter became a household name. She worked for ICI for six years, before taking on the position of secretary at Actors Equity.\nLorraine married her second husband, Malcom Salmon, in 1957 and travelled with him to North Vietnam. Pig Follows Dog is her account of her time there. Her aim was to portray the people of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as something other than 'communist hoards'.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1940 - 1965)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pig-follows-dog-two-years-in-vietnam\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/salmon-family-papers-1927-1986-being-mainly-of-malcolm-and-lorraine-salmon\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jarrett, Patricia Irene Herschell (Pat)", "Entry ID": "AWE3122", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jarrett-patricia-irene-herschell-pat\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Albert Park, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Frankston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "In 1958, Pat Jarrett celebrated 25 years of continuous service with the Herald and Weekly Times. She was the only woman alongside seventeen men on the staff to have served so long.\n", "Details": "As a child, Pat Jarrett had a love for sport and a love for country life. She left school at 16 and worked at her uncle's film laboratory, but an interest in writing about championship swimming led to a job on the Herald as a sports journalist. Jarrett took on a cadetship under Keith Murdoch and Sidney Deemer. In 1940, she took something of a sabbatical from journalism and took up a position as press agent for Australian ambassador Richard Casey in Washington. Casey's post there came to an end with the entry of the United States into the Second World War. Jarrett returned to Australia to work as a war correspondent for the Herald and covered, among other things, the activities of the WAAF. In December 1942, she recounted the activities of 35 women - from Russia, England, Scotland, Ireland, India, South Africa and New Zealand - who spent four days bivouacking in the mountains, learning how to make an 'Aussie Bunk' out of saplings and chaff bags, and training to deal with the possible evacuation of civilians. 'In civilian life', Jarrett noted, 'the occupations of these trainees ranged from architects to botanists, so that when the daily manoeuvres included the building of a model camp site to accommodate 100 people, with children, in summer, some varying and interesting ideas resulted'.\nJarrett was well connected, both in Australia and abroad. According to her biographer, Audrey Tate, 'she particularly enjoyed having the opportunity to meet the famous, though she always remained a trifle in awe of them'. She was friendly with Sir Hubert and Lady Opperman, and she corresponded regularly with Katharine Hepburn. In 1944 she again joined the Casey family, this time in Calcutta as secretary to Lady Maie Casey following Sir Richard's appointment as Governor of Bengal. Her duties included arranging a meeting between Ghandi and Casey, and travelling to the Front to interview Generals Slim and Merserbe on the recapture of Mandalay. Casey was decommissioned at the end of the War, and Jarrett spent the three years from 1945 working as a journalist in New York.\nIn 1948, Jarrett was employed to edit the women's pages at the Sun News-Pictorial. She retained her post until December 1973. Rejecting the title of 'Social Editoress', she called herself instead the Leader of the Women's Staff, and refused to be pushed into frivolous writing on fashion and social events. With the aim of informing and entertaining her women readers, she added commentary on broader social issues to the regular pieces on clothing, cooking and sewing. Though she did not call herself a feminist, Jarrett published stories on equal pay for women, higher education for girls, and the possibility of seeking a fulfilling career in addition to marriage.\nJarrett became famous for her lively and provocative 'Fair Comment' column, in which she tackled all manner of questions. On 5 June 1965 she was discussing the need for spontaneous affection between husband and wife to avoid divorce, citing marriage guidance expert Dr Dick Glover. Three weeks later she was giving a voice to underpaid Victorian teachers. They, not their pupils, 'appear to be the ones who got the cane this week - and women teachers in particular'. The recent pay rise offered by the Teachers' Tribunal was minimal, said Jarrett: 'I reckon that while Australia's economic wizards keep telling us that ours is now such an affluent society, teachers (and any other group of salaried workers for that matter) can't be blamed for expecting a bit of it to rub off onto them, and for feeling let down when it doesn't'. In 1967, Jarrett was able to air her thoughts and opinions on talkback radio as co-host of 3DB's 'Talk It Over'.\nIn the early 1970s, Pat elected to retire but was persuaded to stay on part-time as editorial adviser on women's affairs to the Herald and the Sun. She continued to act as a loyal friend and helper to the Caseys, right through to the death of Maie Casey in 1983. By 1985 she was exhausted, suffering from a long bout of influenza as well as osteoporosis, diverticulitis and psoriasis. She retired permanently in December that year, after fifty-two years with the Herald and Weekly Times. Pat Jarrett died in 1990, aged 79.\n", "Events": "MBE for services to journalism (1972 - 1972) \nCareer in journalism active (1930 - 1985)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fair-comment-the-life-of-pat-jarrett-1911-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/on-convoy-with-the-awas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waaf-officers-gain-bushlore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waafs-learn-to-use-tablet-food\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tough-training-at-raaf-commando-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-woman-in-burma\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queens-smile-was-loveliest-yet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supremo-on-asian-front\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-pat-jarrett-journalist-sound-recording-interviewer-mark-cranfield\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-of-pat-jarrett-1955-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lord-and-lady-casey-n-d-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-sun-newspaper-1954-feb-1-mar-10-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Katz, Alicia", "Entry ID": "AWE3124", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/katz-alicia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria", "Occupations": "Political candidate", "Summary": "Alicia Katz was the first female candidate to stand for the Parliament of Victoria. She stood for Barwon as a Labor candidate at the Legislative Assembly election of 26 June 1924, and gained 3,046 votes. She was defeated by the Liberal party candidate, E. Morley, on 6,954 votes.\n", "Details": "Alicia Katz was born Elisia Johannah Watkins in Canning Street, North Carlton. Her father, James Watkins, was an engineer from Montmouthshire in Wales, who had arrived in Melbourne with his parents in 1867. Her mother, Annie Farley, hailed from County Meath, Ireland. The two were married in St. James' Church, William Street, Melbourne, in 1872.\nAs a young woman, Alicia developed a passionate belief in the Socialist cause. In 1900 she married Frederick Katz, son of a German migrant, and together they spoke at Socialist gatherings at the Bijou Theatre or in Richmond, at the corner of Swan and Docker Streets. In 1901 Alicia gave birth to their only child, Olive.\nThe Katz family moved to Tasmania in 1911, but returned to Melbourne in 1914 due to Olive's ongoing health problems. Alicia Katz joined the Women's Peace Army. At its September 1915 meeting, she moved a resolution that (among other things) governments of the world put an end to bloodshed; women be granted equal political rights with men; and Australian women be given direct representation in the council appointed to consider the terms of peace. Her resolution was seconded by Amelia Pankhurst.\nFrederick Katz was a loyal member of the Federated Clerks' Union, and went on to stand for parliament several times, with limited success. He and his wife became heavily involved with the Labor Party. By 1921, Alicia was president of the party's Women's Organising Committee, working alongside Muriel Heagney and Jean Daley. On 12 May 1924, the Act allowing women to stand for Victorian parliament was passed. Somewhat unfairly, an election was called for June 26, leaving potential women candidates precious little time to prepare their campaigns. By 10 June 1924, the Herald was publishing an article headed 'On Her Own: The Woman Candidate'. Alicia Katz was the only woman to stand.\nIn those few short weeks before the June election, Katz did the rounds of the local town halls, addressing audiences on questions around free education, the welfare of women and children, and the need for women to enter politics. Her speech for the Women Citizens' Movement on 'The Status of Women in the 20th Century' was reported in the Argus on 28 May 1924. Women had bettered their position, Katz explained, by entering the labour market, and there was great scope for women's work. Katz felt that marriage laws needed reforming - when a woman is forced to adopt the nationality of her husband, 'she loses her individuality as a citizen' - and she was frustrated by the constraints placed upon women when confined to household duties. She did not shy from telling her audience that 'she would like to do something besides playing her part as a wife and mother': 'Undesirous as a man-made world had become, she did not desire a woman-made world, but wanted a world based on the attributes of both'.\nIn the final event, Katz was defeated by the Liberal candidate for Barwon, E. Morley. She and Frederick continued their involvement in politics, sometimes controversially. Frederick's anti-conscription stance led to a vicious bodily attack by a group of soldiers who tarred and feathered him, while Alicia's anti-prohibition stance, and advocacy on behalf of the Liquor Trades, saw her reprimanded by the Victorian Central Executive. Many years later, in 1947, Frederick did become a member of the Senate.\nFrederick Katz died at home in Albert Park in 1961. Alicia Katz followed three years later, in October 1964, aged 88. At the time of her death, there were no women in the Victorian parliament. Dorothy Goble was the first woman elected in twenty years when she won the seat for Mitcham in 1967.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alicia-katz-the-first-attempt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rodan, Florence Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE3127", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rodan-florence-victoria\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Epsom, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Box Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political candidate", "Summary": "Florence Rodan, a member of the League of Women Voters and its president from 1961-63, stood for the Victorian parliament three times; in 1945, 1952 and 1955. She stood as an Independent in the Legislative Assembly seat of Borung at the 1945 state election, represented the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Camberwell in 1952 and the seat of Balwyn in 1955.\n", "Details": "Florence Victoria Rodan (nee Lamb), and her brother George Hamilton Lamb, twins, were born in Epsom, Bendigo on 1 January 1900. Their parents were William Edward and Sarah Victoria Lamb (nee Irwin). William was an auctioneer and school teacher and Sarah Lamb was a teacher at Fineview, Dooen and Pomonal. The family settled in Stawell in about 1912. Florence completed her secondary education at Stawell High School and later gained a Diploma of Music and completed Drama courses. She married William James Rodan at Christchurch, South Yarra in 1928. Florence came to Horsham from Canberra when her husband was appointed town engineer in 1940. After a teaching career, her brother, George Hamilton Lamb went on to become a state Member of Parliament in the Legislative Assembly seat of Lowan for the Country Party from 1935 until his death in 1943. He joined the Australian Imperial Forces in 1940 as a private but was quickly promoted to Lieutenant, sent overseas, captured and died from malnutrition in a Prisoner of War camp in Thailand in December 1943. William Rodan died in July 1944 as a result of World War One injuries. Florence was left to rear her three children, Brian, Marie and Erskine and her brother's three, Winston, Anthony and Ainslie. The Lamb children's mother died in 1940 before Hamilton left to go overseas. Florence moved to Melbourne in 1950 for the children to continue their education. Florence's father died when she was in her 20s and her mother came to live with her during the 1940s.\nFlorence's brother Hamilton impressed upon her the importance of women being interested in politics.\nI was a busy wife and mother with three very young children - a baby and two toddlers. I had no time for outside interests, until one day my brother visited us at our little home in Canberra and gave me my first lesson in political philosophy. When he spoke of it I said that I was too busy to discuss such things as politics. He said 'If you don't think of these things, you will have no home to be busy about.' From that time onwards I read in my spare moments, listened to debates in the House, studying everything I could get hold of (in between washing clothes and cleaning up after the children ). I learned the fundamental truths. I learned why women should interest themselves in the affairs of the State and the Nation.\n She followed her brother's example even when she had the responsibility for the care of six children. She stood as an Independent candidate for the Legislative Assembly seat of Borung at the 1945 state election. She also stood for Horsham Council twice, unsuccessfully. She joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and stood as a candidate for Camberwell at the 1952 election, with the slogan, 'Rodan is right- Cain is able'. She topped the poll, but was defeated on preferences. She was the only endorsed woman candidate for the ALP at that election. She stood again in 1955, but for the seat of Balwyn.\n An active member of the Australian Labor Party in the 1950s and 1960s, Florence was a member and president of the Labor Women's Central Organising Committee during the 1950s and stood for ALP pre-selection to the Senate in 1956. In an article in the Melbourne Sun newspaper she was reported as urging women to become active in politics. 'They'll have to come out of their kitchens and think if they want to get anywhere.' She accused women of being mentally lazy.\nShe served as president of the League of Women Voters from 1961-63, acting president in 1966 and was president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria. She published a volume of her brother's writings entitled Poems and Essays in 1945. She was president of the R.S. L. Women's Auxiliary in Horsham before moving to Melbourne in 1950.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poems-and-essays\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Laidler, Bertha May", "Entry ID": "AWE3128", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laidler-bertha-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political activist, Political candidate", "Summary": "Bertha Laidler stood as a candidate for the Communist Party of Australia in the seat of Richmond in the Legislative Assembly at the Victorian state election, which was held in June 1943.\n", "Details": "Bertha Laidler, daughter of Thomas Percival (Percy) Laidler and Christiane Alicia nee Goss was born into a socialist family. They lived above Will Andrade's bookshop in Bourke Street, Melbourne. She attended the Queensberry Street State school, Carlton.\nEducated in Communism and Socialism from an early age, Laidler attended Stotts Business College and later worked for the Victorian Public Service in the Motor Registration Branch. She travelled to London in 1931 where she joined the Communist Party of Great Britain. On her return to Australia in 1933 she was active in the Communist Party of Australia, and the Shop Assistants' Union of Victoria. She later worked for the Federated Ironworkers Association of Australia in Melbourne, Sydney and Newcastle before travelling to New Zealand with fellow communists Judah Waten and Noel Counihan.\nShe served with the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force form May 1945 until May 1946. She moved to Darwin in October 1946 and met her future husband, Joseph Walker.\nShe curtailed her involvement with the CPA after having children.\nShe was a founding member of the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History.\nHer publications include: How to defeat conscription and Solidarity forever.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/walker-bertha-may-1912-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/solidarity-forever-a-part-story-of-the-life-and-times-of-percy-laidler-the-first-quarter-of-a-century\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-defeat-conscription-a-story-of-the-1916-and-1917-campaigns\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript-6\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rice, Janet", "Entry ID": "AWE3253", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rice-janet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Altona, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Political candidate", "Summary": "Janet Rice stood as a candidate for the Australian Greens Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Footscray at the Victorian state election, which was held on 30 November 2002.\nJanet was elected to the Parliament of Australia at the 2013 election. Her term began on 1 July 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Redwood, Jill", "Entry ID": "AWE3424", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/redwood-jill\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political candidate", "Summary": "Jill Redwood stood as a candidate for the Australian Greens Party in the Legislative Council Region of Eastern Victoria at the Victorian state election, which was held on 25 November 2006.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Couzens, Chris", "Entry ID": "AWE3476", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/couzens-chris\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Electorate Officer, Parliamentarian, Political candidate", "Summary": "Chris Couzens was elected the Labor Member for Geelong in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria at the November 2014 election. She was previously a candidate for the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Council Region of Western Victoria at the Victorian state election, which was held on 25 November 2006. She was unsuccessful on that occasion.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jones, Mary Marcella", "Entry ID": "AWE3478", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jones-mary-marcella\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Seymour, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political candidate", "Summary": "Mary Jones stood as an Independent candidate in three Victorian state elections, which were held in 1935, 1937 and 1940. She stood in the Legislative Assembly seat of Port Melbourne in 1935 and 1937, and in Caulfield in 1940.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barber, Nola Isabel Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE3497", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barber-nola-isabel-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Woodend, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Political candidate", "Summary": "A member of the League of Women Voters, Nola Barber stood as a candidate for the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Mentone at the Victorian state elections of 1961 and 1967. She was active in local government and became the first female mayor of Chelsea in 1951, after her election as a councillor in 1948. In recognition of her work for the community she was appointed OBE in 1970 and in 2001 was featured in the Centenary of Federation Victorian Honour Roll of Women.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barber-nola-isabel-constance-1901-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Drechsler, Audrey Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE3501", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drechsler-audrey-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Preston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Political candidate, social activist", "Summary": "Following a visit to a farm in Gippsland during a period of rehabilitation, Audrey Drechsler developed a lifetime love of farming. Audrey was heavily involved in the CWA as a regional president, but was also a leader in the movement for recognition and support for women's hands-on involvement in farming, through farmers' organisations, and the women in agriculture movement. She was a member of the steering committee which organised the 1994 First International Women in Agriculture Conference, and an organiser of the 1997 and 2010 Women on Farms Gatherings. Sharing the movements' commitment to sustainable agriculture, Audrey has been active in land conservation, occupying, amongst other positions, that of first woman president of the Grassland Society of Victoria. She still farms at Sedgwick, south of Bendigo.\nAs Audrey Walsh, she stood as a candidate for the Democratic Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Evelyn at the Victorian state election, which was held in 1967.\n", "Details": "Audrey Drechsler was born Audrey Walsh, the daughter of James Walsh, who in 1928 took over the Warrandyte bakery, which she still owns. She won a scholarship to University High which she took up in 1949. Whilst recuperating from an operation in 1953, she attended the former West Melbourne Technical School for rehabilitation training in secretarial studies. It was through a friendship formed there that she was introduced to farming. She commenced secretarial work at RMIT in 1956, studying various subjects at night, including book keeping. In 1963, she went overseas, and worked briefly on farms in a number of countries, including Ireland, Denmark and the USA. In 1967 she stood for the DLP in the seat of Evelyn, and while campaigning, met Bendigo candidate Bill Drechsler, whom she subsequently married. Bill Drechsler was a sheep farmer from Sedgwick in Central Victoria, and Audrey invested money in improvements in the farm, and time and energy into learning practical farming skills, and in keeping the books.\nAudrey became involved in many community and farming organisations. She was the secretary of the Strathfieldsaye and Sutton Grange branches of the Victorian Farmers' Federation; the public relations officer, political action convenor, president, treasurer and secretary of the Bendigo Pastoral District Council, and Bendigo branch president and inaugural convenor of the Australian Farm Management Society.\nAlong with other involvement in her community's schools, church and CFA, Audrey was involved in the Country Women's Association, as secretary and president of the Sedgwick branch, and as president of the Bendigo Northern Group in 1981-3 and 2001-2003. Audrey was active in the movement to achieve recognition, a voice and education for women as farmers in their own right. She was a member of the steering committee for the 1994 First International Women in Agriculture Conference, and a constant support for the Women on Farms Gatherings, attending 17 out of the 20 held, and helping to organise the 1997 Bendigo and 2010 Inglewood gatherings. A person of forthright character, who holds the attention of those around her, Audrey is also a woman of great courage and integrity, sharing at the Bendigo gathering her story of being pack-raped at the age of 18, in Queensland, in 1951, and her steadfast appearance at five criminal trials to secure convictions, and gaol terms, for those involved. After the 1994 conference, she was a co-founder of the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group, and is now a member of the Victorian Branch of Australian Women in Agriculture, as well as of the national body.\nReflecting the Women in Agriculture movement's commitment to sustainable agriculture, Audrey has been involved as a leader in a number of organisations. She was the first women president of the Grassland Society of Victoria (1985), the Victorian State President and Federal Vice- President of the Soil & Water Conservation Association of Australia (1990), and a member of the Shire of Strathfieldsaye Environment Planning Advisory Committee. Later she became Chairman of the Land and Water Working Group, Bendigo Region Conservation Strategy, as well as a member of the Bendigo Region Land Protection Advisory Committee of the Department of Conservation, Forests and Land. Audrey was the convenor and inaugural president of the North Harcourt-Sedgwick Landcare Group, the 14th such group set up in Victoria, the Convenor of the Axe Creek Catchment Landcare Group, and a Victorian Committee member of the Australian Landcare Foundation. For thirty years she has been involved with departmental trials, experiments and field days.\nWhen Audrey was widowed in 1989, and the farm passed to her son, she secured 125 acres of it, did a six months farm mechanics course, borrowed on her bakery to build a mud-brick house, and still farms there today, producing prime vealers. She is concerned about the drift to the city, with encouraging young women to stay on the land, and about water policy.\n", "Events": "Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM): For service to agriculture, and to the community. (2019 - 2019)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-laurene-dietrich-1990-1994-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-gippsland-womens-network-1994-2006-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-victoria-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grasslands-society-of-southern-australia-inc-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Irving, Freda Howy", "Entry ID": "AWE3522", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irving-freda-howy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kilmore, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Freda Irving began her career in journalism in Melbourne in 1925, working with the Sun News Pictorial in various guises until about 1949 when she joined the Argus. She also edited Woman's Day and the Australian Women's Weekly for short periods of time. In 1978-79, she was president of the Melbourne Press Club.\nDuring the war she joined the Australian Women's Army Service as a private but before long she became Amenities Officer with the rank of captain for the three women's services \u00ad Army, Air Force and Navy.\nShe was awarded an MBE for services to Journalism in 1981.\n", "Events": "President of the Melbourne Press Club (1978 - 1979) \nMBE for services to journalism (1981 - 1981) \nCareer in journalism active (1925 - 1984)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1932-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irving-freda-mary-howy-service-number-vf398095-date-of-birth-16-sep-1903-place-of-birth-melbourne-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-irving-sybil\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Anderson, Alice Elizabeth Foley", "Entry ID": "AWE3659", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anderson-alice-elizabeth-foley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria", "Occupations": "Businesswoman", "Summary": "Alice Anderson established the all-female business, Miss Anderson's Motor Service, in Kew in 1918. The garage offered driving tuition, mechanical check-ups, hire cars, motor tours and chauffeuring.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anderson-alice-elizabeth-foley-1897-1926\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-spanner-in-the-works-the-extraordinary-story-of-alice-anderson-and-australias-first-all-girl-garage-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-frances-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bear-Crawford, Annette Ellen", "Entry ID": "AWE3665", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bear-crawford-annette-ellen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Occupations": "Feminist", "Summary": "Annette Bear-Crawford was born in Collingwood, Melbourne but trained in social work in England. There she became involved in the women's movement and the National Vigilance Committee. She returned to Melbourne in 1890 and became a leading figure in the women's movement in Australia, joining the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and forming the Victorian Women's Suffrage League.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bear-bear-crawford-annette-ellen-1853-1899\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chauvel, Elsa", "Entry ID": "AWE3675", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chauvel-elsa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collingwood, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Filmmaker", "Summary": "Elsa Chauvel collaborated with her filmmaker husband, Charles Chauvel, on a number of feature films including Uncivilized (1936), Forty Thousand Horsemen (1941), Sons of Matthew (1949), Jedda (1955) and Heritage (1935).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chauvel-elsa-1898-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crespin, Irene", "Entry ID": "AWE3678", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crespin-irene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Scientist", "Summary": "Irene Crespin was a micropalaeontologist. After graduating from the University of Melbourne in 1919, she worked for the Geological Survey of Victoria, describing macro and micro-fossils found in sediment on the Mornington Peninsula. In 1927 she was appointed assistant palaeontologist to Frederick Chapman in the Geological Branch of the Department of Home Affairs. In 1936 she succeeded him as Commonwealth palaeontologist at half his salary and was located in Canberra.\n", "Details": "During her career as Commonwealth palaentologist, Irene Crespin made many field trips within Australia to collect fossils and in 1939 travelled to Java and Sumatra to consult with micro-palaentologists in the government service and industry regarding the problems of Tertiary correlation in the Indo-Pacific region. In 1951 she visited the USA where she had been invited to address the American Association of Petroleum Geologists .\nIn Canberra she was secretary and president of the Royal Society of Canberra; secretary from 1952 of the Territories Division of the Geological Society of Australia and chairman in 1955. She was a charter member of Soroptimist International of Canberra in 1957. She had to retire at age 65, but continued to work on a contract basis.\nShe received many honours including the Clarke Medal of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1956; a DSc from the University of Melbourne in 1960, honorary membership of ANZAAS 1976 and OBE 1969. The Bureau of Mineral Resources Bulletin no 192 - 'The Crespin Volume' - was published in her honour. She died on 2 January 1980.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crespin-irene-1896-1981\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-a-micro-palaeontologist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ramblings-of-a-micropalaeontologist\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Flynn, Julia Teresa", "Entry ID": "AWE3688", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flynn-julia-teresa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "West Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "School inspector", "Summary": "A graduate of the University of Melbourne with a reputation as an outstanding mathematics teacher, Julia Flynn was appointed inspector of secondary schools in 1914. She became a senior inspector in the Victorian Department of Education in 1924, and in 1937 was appointed chief inspector of schools. Flynn was a devoted Catholic and a feminist reformer.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flynn-julia-teresa-1878-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fullerton, Mary Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE3690", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fullerton-mary-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glenmaggie, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sussex, United Kingdom", "Occupations": "Author, Feminist, Novelist, Poet", "Summary": "Mary Fullerton was involved with the Victorian Socialist Party and Women's Political Association, and was active in the suffrage movement in Australia. She wrote stories and poems for newspapers, sometimes using the pseudonyms of Alpenstock and Austeal. In 1922 she moved to England, where she developed a strong friendship with the author Miles Franklin. Over the course of her life, Fullerton published several novels and volumes of poetry. Her novel Two Women (written under a pseudonym) won a prize when it was published in 1923. Her childhood memoir, Bark House Days, was published in 1921, and reprinted twice.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bark-house-days\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/passionate-friends-mary-fullerton-mabel-singleton-and-miles-franklin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-juno-of-the-bush\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-people-of-the-timber-belt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moods-and-melodies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-breaking-furrow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-bush\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moles-do-so-little-with-their-privacy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-wonder-and-the-apple\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rufus-sterne-a-novel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-literary-papers-1887-1954-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-e-fullerton-1920-1946-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-e-fullerton-papers-ca-1880-ca-1946\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Halley, Ida Gertrude Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE3696", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/halley-ida-gertrude-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Maylands, South Australia", "Occupations": "Doctor, Founder", "Summary": "Gertrude Halley was a founder and treasurer of the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women. An eye and ear specialist, she was an honorary surgeon at the hospital. In 1913 she established the medical branch of the Education Department in South Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/halley-ida-gertrude-margaret-1867-1939\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/children-and-their-law-makers-a-social-historical-survey-of-the-growth-and-development-from-1836-to-1950-of-south-australian-laws-relating-to-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jollie-Smith, Christian Brynhild Ochiltree", "Entry ID": "AWE3705", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jollie-smith-christian-brynhild-ochiltree\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Communist, Lawyer, social activist, Solicitor", "Summary": "Christian Brynhild Ochiltree Jollie-Smith studied law at the University of Melbourne, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws in 1911. She was admitted as a barrister and solicitor by the Supreme Court of Victoria on 1 October 1912. She practiced as a solicitor in Melbourne from 1914, was appointed professional assistant in the Crown Solicitor's Office, Melbourne.\nJollie-Smith was a foundation committee-member of the Communist Party of Australia. A socialist and member of the Communist Party, Jollie-Smith published the Australian Communist journal. Her own work, The Japanese Labour Movement, was published in 1919. After moving to Sydney, Jollie-Smith established her own successful legal practice. In 1924 she became the second woman admitted as a solicitor in New South Wales. Jollie-Smith mainly dealt with political and industrial cases, and championed the working class. She was often employed by trade unions, or by those engaged in anti-eviction disputes during the depression years. Jollie-Smith regularly contributed to the Communist publication, Workers' Weekly, and to Tribune.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-japanese-labor-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jollie-smith-christian-1885-1963\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christian-jollie-smith-a-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kiddle, Margaret Loch", "Entry ID": "AWE3707", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Historian", "Summary": "Margaret Kiddle graduated from the University of Melbourne with a BA (1937), a Diploma of Education (1938), and an MA (1947). She joined the History Department at the University as a tutor and lecturer during wartime, and remained there until her death in 1958.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch-1914-1958-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caroline-chisholm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/men-of-yesterday\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moonbeam-stairs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-of-sunset\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-not-after-1958-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-not-after-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch-1914-1958\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch-1914-1958-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch-1914-1958-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch-1914-1958-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch-1914-1958-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiddle-margaret-loch-1914-1958-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-kiddle-hunting-for-australian-historical-records-in-england-feb-nov-1952-compiled-in-jan-1953\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MacKillop, Mary Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE3719", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackillop-mary-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious Sister", "Summary": "Mary Mackillop was appointed head of the Penola Catholic School in 1866. In March of that year she was formally committed into the Institute of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. In 1871, almost half the members of the Institute were dismissed by Bishop Sheil, and Mackillop was excommunicated for alleged insubordination. The excommunication was lifted as early as February 1872, when she was reinstated as superior of the Institute. She was elected superior general under the new Roman Constitutions in 1875. Mackillop founded a teacher training centre for the Institute in Sydney in 1888, enabling it to become a leader in Catholic education.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackillop-mary-helen-1842-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-mackillop-1842-1909-slide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-mackillop-a-woman-before-her-time\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-mackillop-an-extraordinary-australian-the-authorised-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-and-flora-correspondence-between-mary-mackillop-and-her-mother-flora-mcdonald-mackillop\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-mackillops-sisters-a-life-unveiled\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Martyn, Nellie (Nell) Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE3722", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martyn-nellie-nell-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Charlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria", "Occupations": "Businesswoman", "Summary": "In 1923, following the death of her father James, Nell Martyn took over as managing director of the Steel Company of Australia. The company specialised in manganese and chrome steel, and employed over 100 workers. Martyn was a popular employer and a regular speaker at YWCA gatherings. When she died of cancer at the age of 39, over 1000 mourners attended her funeral.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLennan, Ethel Irene", "Entry ID": "AWE3725", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mclennan-ethel-irene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Botanist, Educator", "Summary": "Ethel McLennan was awarded her Doctor of Science degree in 1921 for a study of the endophytic fungus associated with the seed of the grass Lolium. She was awarded a fellowship by the International Federation of University Women in 1926, and became a central figure in the Botany Department at the University of Melbourne. She became associate professor in 1931, and enjoyed an excellent reputation nationwide as a leading plant pathologist and mycologist.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mclennan-ethel-irene-1891-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maxwell, May (Maisie)", "Entry ID": "AWE3726", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maxwell-may-maisie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sandhurst, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Jolimont, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Trade unionist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "May Maxwell began her professional life as an actor but switched to journalism in 1907 when she discovered that it was a more stable career option than the theatre.\n", "Details": "Starting her career at Table Talk where she earned ten shillings a week, in 1910 Maxwell moved to edit the Melbourne Herald's weekly page for women. At the end of 1921 (Sir) Keith Murdoch asked her to make the page a daily feature.\nMaxwell was an advocate for women's issues and her journalism was characterized by initiative, plain talking and impatience with silly social niceties. Although she covered the high-society round of balls, parties and royal tours, she insisted on writing her notes openly, and on being allowed to wear evening dress and to mingle with guests at Government House. She interviewed female prisoners, campaigned to have nurses' training cut by one year, and championed those women in public life who did more than go to parties. Throughout her twenty-four years with the Herald, she was closely associated with the National Council of Women.\nIn 1911, within four months of its foundation, Maxwell joined the Australian Journalists' Association as its second female member. She served (1925-27) on the A.J.A.'s Victorian committee and became an honorary life member (1960). In 1969 she was awarded the British Empire medal for her services to journalism. She retired from the Herald in May 1934, but continued to freelance for print and radio outlets until the day before she died in 1977.\n", "Events": "Joined the Australian Journalists' Association (1911 - 1911) \nMembership of the Victorian Committee of the Australian Journalists' Association (1925 - 1927) \nCareer in journalism active (1907 - 1934) \nAwarded life membership of Australian Journalists' Association (1960 - 1960) \nOBE (1969 - 1969)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maxwell-may-maisie-1876-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murdoch, Madoline (Nina)", "Entry ID": "AWE3735", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murdoch-madoline-nina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "After winning a Bulletin prize in 1913 for a sonnet about Canberra, Nina Murdoch published a book of verse, Songs of the Open Air. She was one of the first women general reporters at the Sydney Sun, and from 1922 was working in Melbourne at the Sun News-Pictorial using the pen-name 'Manin'. She was the first woman permitted to cover Senate debates. In 1930, Murdoch published Seventh Heaven, a Joyous Discovery of Europe, based on her own travels. Another book, She Travelled Alone in Spain, followed five years later. Her last book, Portrait in Youth of Sir John Longstaff, was published in 1948.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1920 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murdoch-madoline-nina-1891-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/songs-of-the-open-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seventh-heaven\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-songs-of-the-open-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-miss-emily-a-tale-in-which-the-heroine-from-birmingham-is-invited-to-a-french-wedding-upsets-another-and-is-responsible-for-a-third\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/she-travelled-alone-in-spain\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tyrolean-june-a-summer-holiday-in-austrian-tyrol\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vagrant-in-summer-holiday-memories-of-nine-european-towns\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-in-youth-of-sir-john-longstaff\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Palmer, Janet Gertrude (Nettie)", "Entry ID": "AWE3740", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-janet-gertrude-nettie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Critic, Editor, Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Nettie Palmer became involved in the suffrage movement and the socialist movement while she was completing her tertiary studies in London. It was there that she met her husband, Vance Palmer, and by 1917 the couple had returned to Australia with their first daughter, Aileen. A second daughter, Helen, was born that year. The family lived at Emerald, Victoria. Both Vance and Nettie were opponents of censorship and conscription, and Nettie had a regular column in the Argus. She also wrote for the Illustrated Tasmanian Mail and the Bulletin Red Page. Her essay on Modern Australian Literature 1900-1923 was published in 1924. Nettie Palmer became editor of the anti-fascist journal for women, Women Today, and edited memoirs, published short stories and poetry anthologies, made translations, and lectured to young writers.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-janet-gertrude-nettie-1885-1964\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-australian-story-book\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australians-in-spain-our-pioneers-against-fascism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fourteen-years-extracts-from-a-private-journal-1925-1939\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-handel-richardson-a-study\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-of-vance-and-nettie-palmer-1915-1963\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modern-australian-literature-1900-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shadowy-paths\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-south-wind\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/talking-it-over\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miles-franklin-papers-1841-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-eleanor-dark-1910-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dowell-oreilly-papers-1884-1923-with-additional-family-papers-1877-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-pamphlets-containing-souvenir-concert-programmes-and-australian-biographies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-vance-and-nettie-palmer-1889-1964-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-and-articles-by-nettie-palmer-1928-1937-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/notebook-of-nettie-palmer-1911-january-25-march-4-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commonplace-book-of-nettie-palmer-1907-1936-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1930-1987-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Richardson, Ethel Florence Lindesay (Henry Handel)", "Entry ID": "AWE3744", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-ethel-florence-lindesay-henry-handel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "Ethel Richardson was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College in Melbourne, and the Royal Conservatorium at Leipzig. As Henry Handel Richardson, she became one of Australia's best-known and best-loved novelists, finding fame with Maurice Guest (1908) and The Fortunes of Richard Mahony (published in three parts between 1917 and 1929).\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-ethel-florence-lindesay-henry-handel-1871-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-handel-richardson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/myself-when-laura-fact-and-fiction-in-henry-handel-richardsons-school-career\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-handel-richardson-a-study\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-handel-richardson-1870-1946-a-bibliography-to-honour-the-centenary-of-her-birth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-end-of-a-childhood-and-other-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-fortunes-of-richard-mahony\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-getting-of-wisdom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maurice-guest\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-young-cosima\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-handel-richardson-a-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-handel-richardson-and-her-fiction\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-ethel-tracy-1877-1942\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-and-correspondence-of-henry-handel-richardson-1852-1983-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-bruce-steele-relating-to-henry-handel-richardson-between-approximately-1930-and-2003\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Robinson, Kathleen", "Entry ID": "AWE3745", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robinson-kathleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Producer", "Summary": "Kathleen Robinson trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. With Lewis Casson and Dame Sybil Thorndike's Australian tour, she played minor parts in Media, St Joan, Madame Plays Nap and Macbeth. From 1932-35, Robinson ran the Westminster Theatre in London with Osmond Daltry. In 1940 she returned to Australia and formed Whitehall Productions at the Minerva Theatre in Kings Cross, Sydney. She opened an academy for dramatic art in 1944.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smyth, Brettena", "Entry ID": "AWE3753", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smyth-brettena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kyneton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocate, Suffragist", "Summary": "Brettena was a mature woman of 43 when she became involved in politics - by then a widow, a business owner, and the mother of several children. In 1888 she formed the Australian Women's Suffrage Society, later enveloped by the Victorian Women's Franchise League. A freethinker, Smyth was opposed to orthodox religion and strongly advocated the use of birth control. In 1893 she published The Limitation of Offspring, and she sold rubber pessaries at her grocery shop. Smyth was a competent public speaker and a respected Melbourne identity in the 1890s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/they-are-but-women-the-road-to-female-suffrage-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smyth-bridgetena-brettena-1840c-1898\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-j-b-smyth-of-oxley-road\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rosanove, Joan Mavis", "Entry ID": "AWE3769", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosanove-joan-mavis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Frankston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Queen's Counsel, Solicitor", "Summary": "Joan Rosanove completed her legal studies at the University of Melbourne, and was admitted to practice as a barrister and solicitor in June 1919. In 1923 she became the first woman in Victoria to sign the Victorian Bar roll. The bulk of her work was in criminal and matrimonial cases. Rosanove was appointed Q.C. in 1965, and took silk in New South Wales two years later. She made a significant contribution to legal reform, particularly as it concerned the status of women.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosanove-joan-mavis-1896-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-in-victoria-then-and-now\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hanson-Dyer, Louise Berta Mosson", "Entry ID": "AWE3773", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hanson-dyer-louise-berta-mosson\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Monaco, France", "Occupations": "Musician, Patron, Publisher", "Summary": "A talented pianist, Louise Hanson-Dyer founded the music publishing company, Editions de l'Oiseau-Lyre, in Paris in 1928. With her first husband, James Dyer, she donated \u00a310,000 to establish a permanent orchestra in Melbourne. Upon her death, she bequeathed over \u00a3200,000 to the University of Melbourne. The Louise Hanson-Dyer Music Library at the University is named in her honour.\n", "Details": "Born Louise Berta Mosson Smith, Hanson-Dyer was the daughter of Louis Lawrence Smith, son of Edward Tyrrell Smith and Magdeleine Nanette Gengoult. L.L. Smith came to Australia to search for gold, but his medical studies led him instead to produce medical almanacs and a variety of less than bona fide medical products. By 1880 he was earning \u00a310,000 per year, and the Bulletin was referring to him as \u00a3.\u00a3. Smith. He became a member of parliament, representing South Bourke. In 1883, after the death of his first wife, Sarah Ann, Smith married Marion Jane 'Polly' Higgins. Their first child was Louise, followed by Louis, Harold and Gladys. The family lived in Collins St, Melbourne, where they entertained lavishly and moved in fashionable circles.\nLouise was educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, and was later president of its Old Collegians' Association. She attended the Alliance Fran\u00e7aise, and took private piano lessons, becoming an accomplished player. In 1905, she enrolled at the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music and went on to win the gold medal of the Royal College of Music, London. At home she worked with the British Music Society of Victoria to support performers and composers, encouraging the publication of musical works.\nIn 1911, Louise Smith married 54-year-old Jimmy Dyer - the 'linoleum king'. In 1927, before moving to Paris, the Dyers donated \u00a310,000 to support a permanent orchestra in Melbourne. In Paris, Louise established her musical publishing company, Editions de l'Oiseau Lyre, with the intention of publishing the works of Couperin le Grand. The first twelve-volume edition was immensely popular and the company grew quickly, later expanding business to include long-play recordings.\nJames Dyer died in 1938 and the following year Louise married 30-year-old Joseph Birch Hanson, 24 years her junior. The pair left Paris to live in Monaco, where the publishing business continued. Despite her years abroad, Louise Hanson-Dyer retained a distinct attachment to the country of her birth. When she died in 1962, she left the majority of her \u00a3241,380 estate to the University of Melbourne. University papers record a bequest of $464,430 in 1988; by 1994 the value of the bequest had risen to over $3 million. This figure comprises the original bequest of Louise Hanson-Dyer together with that of her husband Joseph Hanson on his death nine years later. The bequest was to go toward the publication of a music series.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyrebird-rising-louise-hanson-dyer-of-oiseau-lyre-1884-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catalogue-de-la-collection-musicale-hanson-dyer-universite-de-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1926-1971-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/book-of-autographs-of-visitors-to-louise-hanson-dyer-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wilson, Caroline", "Entry ID": "AWE3777", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilson-caroline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Sports Journalist, Television Journalist", "Summary": "Caroline Wilson has been chief football writer for The Age newspaper since 1999. She was the first woman to cover Australian Rules football on a full-time basis and is a multiple winner of Australian Football Media Association awards, including most outstanding football writer and most outstanding feature writer (2000, 2003, 2005). Wilson was also voted the AFL Players' Association's football writer of the year in 1999.\n", "Details": "Prior to working for the age, Caroline Wilson worked for the Melbourne Herald for 12 years, spending three years working in the UK and Europe where she covered four Wimbledons and three British Opens, the FA Cup final and the British soccer riots.\nIn 1982 at The Herald she became the first woman to cover Australian Rules Football and in 1989 she became the first woman to win the AFL's gold media award. Caroline has also worked in radio hosting the afternoon program for 3AW between 1994 and 1996 (winning the national RAWARD in 1995 as best current affairs commentator). She had five years with the Sunday Age between 1989 and 1994 and was voted that newspaper's journalist of the year in 1993.\n", "Events": "ALF BROWN TROPHY for the football media's most outstanding performer. (2008 - 2008) \nCommentary, Analysis, Opinion and Critique - 'Would you want your son playing AFL? Right thing for Hird to do is step down, Blind pride drove couch's denial and the bodies piled up, The Age (2013 - 2013) \nCoverage of a Major News Event or Issue - Essendon drug scandal (with Richard Baker, Nick Mckenzie, John Silvester, Jake Niall and The Age team, The Age (2013 - 2013) \nWINNER MOST OUTSTANDING COLUMNIST (2008 - 2008) \nWINNER MOST OUTSTANDING NEWS REPORTER (PRINT) (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Paterson, Elizabeth Deans (Betty)", "Entry ID": "AWE3782", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/paterson-elizabeth-deans-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Cartoonist, Illustrator, Journalist", "Summary": "Betty Paterson and her sister Esther were prodigies born into the elite of Melbourne's bohemian set. Father (Hugh) and uncle (John Ford) were both artists and her first playmates were her neighbours, the children of Frederick McCubbin.\nArt impinged upon every facet of her life throughout its entire course. Her Art Deco cartoons were published regularly in magazines such as The Bulletin and Aussie. Her illustrated interpretations of 'permissive' 1920s society resonated with those she depicted - she became artist-by-appointment to the flappers.\nBetty Paterson married twice, and had one child, a daughter, Barbara.\n", "Events": "Kenneth Newman (later divorced) (1923 - ) \nMarried the painter Albion Wiltshire (1952 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/esther-paterson-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-betty-paterson-portrait-artist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Paterson, Esther", "Entry ID": "AWE3783", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/paterson-esther\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Middle Park, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Cartoonist", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/paterson-esther-1892-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/esther-paterson-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Johnson, Florence Ethel", "Entry ID": "AWE3784", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnson-florence-ethel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Political candidate, Teacher, Unionist", "Summary": "Florence Johnson, a teacher and active unionist, stood as an Independent Labor candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of St Kilda at the Victorian state election, which was held on 9 April 1927.\n", "Details": "Florence Johnson began her teaching career as a pupil teacher at the South Preston State School in 1900. An excellent teacher, she was appointed head of Arcadia South State School in 1906. An active unionist she joined the Victorian Lady Teachers' Association in 1908, helped form the Victorian Women Teachers' Association in 1917 and was elected president. When the Lady Teachers' Association merged with the Women Teachers' Association in December of that year, she was elected vice-president.\nHer organisational skills were acknowledged when she left her teaching position to become became secretary of the Victorian State Service Federation and campaigned for equal pay for women teachers in addition to improved conditions for members of the Mental Hospital Nurses' Association and for female typists and clerks in the public service. In March 1921 she resigned to become Assistant secretary of the Victorian State Teachers' Union and remained in that position until March 1924 when she became paid secretary of the reformed Women Teachers' Association.\nIn 1927 with a colleague she formed the Victorian Federation of Mothers' Clubs. After her unsuccessful attempt to stand for parliament she resumed her teaching career.\nShe died in Malvern of mitral valve disease in November 1934.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnson-florence-ethel-1884-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-ethel-johnson-the-forgotten-feminist\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Haussegger, Virginia", "Entry ID": "AWE3801", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/haussegger-virginia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Television Journalist", "Summary": "Virginia Haussegger is an award-winning television journalist, writer and commentator, whose extensive media career spans more than 25 years. She began work as a cadet journalist with the ABC in 1986 andbegan presenting ABC Canberra News in 2001. She won the United Nations Association of Australia Media Peace Prize for her coverage of Indigenous Affairs in 1996.\nIn late 2016 Virginia was appointed to head a new gender equality initiative, the 50\/50 by 2030 Foundation, at the University of Canberra's Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis (IGPA), where she is an Adjunct Professor. With a singular focus on improving the representation of women in leadership and key decision making roles across all levels of government and public administration, the Foundation is the first of its kind in Australia.\nIn 2014 Virginia was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to the community, as an advocate for women's rights and gender equity, and to the media.\n", "Details": "Virginia Haussegger is the daughter of K\u00e1lm\u00e0n Haussegger, an engineer whose own father migrated to Australia from Germany in 1901. Her parents met and married in Melbourne. Virginia was educated in Burwood, then Bulleen, and finally Eltham, at the Catholic Ladies' College. She spent a year on exchange in Mexico in 1981, where she developed a fascination with Pre-Columbian art. She undertook tertiary studies at the University of Melbourne, majoring in English and Fine Arts.\nIn 1986, Haussegger successfully applied for a cadetship with the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC), and began in television news. At that time, she remembers, there were no more than five senior women in senior reporting or presenting positions on television. After a term in the Victorian Press Gallery as a political reporter for ABC News, Haussegger joined the 7.30 Report in Melbourne. By 1987 she was presenting the program's Darwin edition, but returned to Melbourne two years later to be with her husband. A brief stint on Channel 7 with Steve Vizard ended in conflict and a legal battle, and she returned to the ABC.\nIn 1992, Haussegger joined Channel 9 as a reporter on A Current Affair, working with Mike Willesee, Jana Wendt and Ray Martin. In this role, she broke a story on The Children of God, a sect now referred to as The Family. The story resulted in a raid on sect houses by Victoria Police, after which 60 children were taken into protective custody.\nHaussegger left Channel 9 in 1994 and moved to Adelaide the following year, where she presented the South Australian edition of the 7.30 Report. When the program was centralised, Haussegger joined the new team in Sydney as national 'social affairs' reporter. In 1996, one of her stories - documenting the work of Magistrate Stephen Scarlett at the Bidura Children's Court in Glebe, as he attempted to curb high rates of incarceration of Indigenous juvenile offenders - won the United Nations Association's Media Peace Prize.\nIn 1996, Haussegger was poached by Channel 7's Witness program. She travelled widely, reporting from Iraq in the lead-up to war, and from Washington during the Clinton\/Lewinsky sex scandal. As a reporter for Witness, Haussegger spent just four months per year at home in Sydney. The relentless pace continued until the show was axed in 1998.\nFor a time, Haussegger worked as a freelance print journalist, and later, a consultant in financial communications. By 2001, she was ready for a return to the news world, and joined the ABC once again, this time as presenter of ABC TV News in Canberra.\nIn 2002, Haussegger learned that she had problems with age-related infertility, and would be unable to have children. Her opinion piece in the Age, expressing her disappointment with the feminist claim that women could 'have it all', sparked enormous controversy. The result was the publication of Haussegger's book, Wonder Woman: The Myth of 'Having It All' in 2005. It was launched by Julia Gillard at the National Press Club.\nVirginia Haussegger married Mark Kenny, political editor for the Adelaide Advertiser, in October 2005. Since 2006, she has been writing a weekly column for the Canberra Times. She is an active member of the journalists' union, the MEAA (Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance) and the National Press Club, and has been a judge for the Walkley Awards several times.\nInterviewed in 2008, Haussegger remarked that 'I am fearful for the future of TV reporting in Australia. Quality television journalism takes time and time is money. It seems Australia just doesn't have a big enough audience market to justify big expenditures. I am very worried that we are taking an increasing amount of international news and current affairs product'.\nSpeaking to 200 members of the Golden Key International Society at the Australian National University, though, Haussegger 'came away feeling tremendously uplifted and energized about this young generation of Australians':\n'One of the themes in my speech to them', she said, 'was about confronting failure. I wanted to impress upon them an understanding that all successful careers must - and will - involve moments or periods of what feels like failure. I wanted them to know that what matters most is how they handle it. And I wanted them to know that no matter how hard they work, they will occasionally stumble and maybe even fall over. But it's all about the getting up.'\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1986 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wonder-woman-the-myth-of-having-it-all\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Horseman, Marie Compston (Mollie)", "Entry ID": "AWE3821", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horseman-marie-compston-mollie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rochester, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Katoomba, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Cartoonist, Journalist", "Summary": "Mollie Horseman worked professionally as a cartoonist and illustrator for over forty years. In 1963 Everybody's Magazine called her 'Australia's only woman cartoonist'. While this was obviously not the case, she was probably the most visible woman working in the field. At their annual ball in 1956, her colleagues in the Australian Black and White Artists' Club 'smocked' her (presented her with an artist's smock decorated by fellow members) and she was later voted Sydney Savage Club 'Cartoonist of the Year'. In 1964 she was the only woman in a group photograph of forty-three professional cartoonists and one of nine women among 140 cartoonists in the survey exhibition Fifty Years of Australian Cartooning.\nAlthough she was always able to draw, she was propelled forwards when she came to the attention of Norman Lindsay . Rose and Norman employed the teenage Mollie to be their children's governess. So impressed was he, recommended her to the National Art School. For financial reasons, she did not complete the course, but it was enough to sharpen her skills to ensure that she received regular employment. She worked regularly for Smith's Weekly and the Bulletin and her humorous cartoons made her a household name in the 1930s. Perhaps her best known characters were 'The Tipple Twins' two secretaries who regularly created office havoc in the pages of the Rydge's Business Journal, for which she freelanced in the 1940s. Many of her drawings may be found in the Mitchell Library, at the State Library of New South Wales.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1928 - 1968)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horseman-marie-compston-mollie-1911-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-cartoons-and-caricatures-by-various-artists-1890-1917-1980-together-with-placemats-and-posters-for-journalists-functions-and-dinners-1978-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mollie-horseman-cartoon-drawings-and-photograph-ca-1955-1965%e2%86%b5mollie-horseman-cartoon-drawings-and-photograph-ca-1955-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/selection-of-cartoon-drawings-from-smiths-weekly-ca-1930-1950\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wright, Claudia", "Entry ID": "AWE3823", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wright-claudia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Television Journalist", "Summary": "Claudia Wright was a trailblazer for talkback radio in Melbourne, Victoria, in the 1970s. A committed feminist and fighter for social justice, she worked in print, radio and television journalism throughout the 1960s, 70s and 80s until she was affected by the early onset of Alzheimer's disease. Even when ill, she allowed herself to be the subject of documentaries that brought attention to the impact of the disease on patients and their carers.\n", "Details": "Claudia Wright resigned from Melbourne Radio Station 3AW, during an on-air broadcast, in February 1977, when she was at the peak of the Melbourne media ratings, and one of the two most widely listened-to radio broadcasters in Australia. (The other was John Laws of Sydney.) She announced there had been a campaign to sack her, and that she would rather resign in protest than tolerate the lack of support from the Macquarie network.\nThe clash which led to her resignation began in late 1976, after a fiery run-in with the Macquarie network's advertisers, ethnic and religious lobby groups, and a change of station manager, who was fearful of her role in controversial broadcasts relating to Catholic Church doctrine, the Arab-Israeli conflict, language acceptable for public broadcast, and other issues.\nIn response to Bishop Fox of Sale's denunciation of divorce, contraception, abortion and other 'moral perversions' at a Catholic women's conference, Wright urged women in her radio and television broadcasts to fight back, criticising the 'narrow views of the 'antique Catholics'. The church fought back and Claudia, in particular, was targeted for special criticism due to what Father Patrick Murray of Drouin described as her use of 'coarse speech and emotional screeching to talk down her opponents'. Pulpit sermons were ordered by the Church, calling on Catholic advertisers to withdraw their advertisements from 3AW.\nFollowing an on-air debate between Father Murray and Wright, mediated by John Tingle, which the station promoted to the hilt and which was one of the most highly rated broadcasts of the time, various sponsors threatened to withdraw their advertising. A number of controversial broadcasts followed, including one where she made satirical comments about Governor-general Sir John Kerr's wife. She had broadcast and written acerbically about the \"constitutional putsch\" of November 1975, in which Kerr had dismissed the Labour Prime Minister Gough Whitlam.\nWhitlam was one of Claudia's long-time supporters, and he and many others joined the public protests that ensued, after the February 1977 resignation. Wright told the station manager to \"fuck off\" as she left the station-door. She wore her sacking as a badge of honour, later telling a journalist from the Melbourne Age that she regarded it as '\u2026a compliment\u2026a perverse recognition of my talent.' Broadcasting in order to tell people how to 'bake cakes and cut their chook's toenails' was simply not Claudia Wright's scene.\nSo what was Claudia Wright's scene? The statement issued after her sacking by the Women's Liberation Movement gives us more than a subtle hint. Calling for her reinstatement, the spokeswoman for the movement alleged that she was:\n 'the latest in a long list of articulate women who had been robbed of their livelihood because they spoke the truth about women in society\u2026for women everywhere who had not voice, Claudia was that voice.'\nClaudia Wright's 'scene' was to provide a platform for 'the underdog' to have her day. Whether it was convincing the Macquarie network management to broadcast live for twelve hours from the 1975 Women and Politics Conference in Canberra, highlighting concerns about East Timor in the mid 1970s, discussing such taboo subjects as incest and rape on prime-time radio, or using the word 'cunt' on air in a poetry reading and interview with Anne Summers about her new feminist history 'Damned Whores and God's Police' ( an utterance ruled permissible by the broadcasting authority because it was 'in context'), Claudia Wright was committed to creating radical news, in a responsible fashion. Off air, and without public fanfare, she met regularly with prisoners at Melbourne's Pentridge prison; helped publicize women's health and self-help organizations to deal with breast and cervical cancer, and marital violence; assisted the campaign for the \"disappeared\", victims of the military junta in Argentina; supported the East Timorese refugee organizations; and assisted her home-town and its Chinese community.\nA product of her times, her journalism reflected the enormous social changes of the 1960s and 70s, especially as they impacted feminism and political life in Australia. And, as her good friend and former radio producer, Julie Copeland, said after her death in 2005:\n'There was no-one else quite like her - we got away with probably doing the most radical programs ever heard on commercial radio - I don't think we'll see her like again'.\nClaudia Wright was born in Bendigo in 1934. Of poor, multicultural stock (her grandmother was Chinese), she attended school in Bendigo and worked her way up the journalist ladder, her first foothold being a job with the local Bendigo paper. From there, she moved to the Melbourne Herald, and worked on the paper's fashion and social pages, eventually taking on the role of editor of the Women's Section. New to Melbourne society, she took great delight in critiquing the conduct, hypocrisies and corruption of some its members, especially the vice-regal pretensions of the Government House set. She hobnobbed with them at the Melbourne Cup, was great friends with some of the most influential among them, making writers as well as friends of some like Lilian Frank, despite their political differences.\nAfter creating a profile and public following at the Herald, she was ousted by Rupert Murdoch, the newspaper proprietor, after there were complaints that she was giving voice to causes that had not been publicized in the Melbourne media before. Murdoch then asked her to serve as a special reporter for the London wedding of the Prince of Wales and Princess Diana. She told Murdoch no, and excoriated him in public print for years. She remained on friendly terms, however, with Prince Charles. Thirty years later, she returned to attack Murdoch, and in one of the last acts of her life, as she was dying, she authorized a defamation suit against Murdoch's paper, the London Times, for reporting, falsely, that she had been a Soviet spy.\nAfter leaving the Herald, she moved to join Melbourne radio station 3AW. One of a team of morning presenters that included radio stalwarts Ormsby Wilkins and Norman Banks, Claudia (or Claws as she was widely nicknamed) contributed to a program that consistently topped the morning ratings for many years. Listeners loved Claudia, or loved to hate her. In particular, they loved to tune in at 8:30 am to conversations\/arguments between Norman Banks and Claudia. Although Banks did not conceal his public and personal animosity, Claudia did not reciprocate, and acknowledged privately that she felt sorry for Banks. Radio was never boring when Claudia was involved, because Claudia herself got bored easily, a characteristic that made her a challenge to produce for at times.\nClaudia asserted her feminist politics loudly and proudly; as indicated by the protests against her sacking, her position at the pulpit was greatly appreciated by the majority of feminists. There were some in the movement, however, who didn't entirely approve of her because, despite her feminist credentials, Claudia committed the cardinal sin of attending to her appearance. Claudia was attractive, stylish and glamorous - she wore make-up, jewellery, and couture clothes. She saw no reason why maintaining appearance conflicted with feminist aims, and this sat uncomfortably with some feminists of the time. She was a career-long friend of Germaine Greer, and of US and UK leaders of the feminist movements of the 1970s and 1980s.\nBetween her run-in with the Catholics and her resignation in 1977, Claudia travelled to the Middle East, where she reported sympathetically on the Palestinian position and interviewed Arab leaders, including Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, Yasser Arafat of the PLO, and leaders of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Oman, becoming one of the first western journalists to do so. She also interviewed prominent Israelis, such as General Moshe Dayan.\nAt the time of her exit from 3AW in 1977, she was living with her husband, John Helmer, with whom she had a son, Catullus. She had two other children with first husband, journalist Geoffrey Wright. She moved to the United States, settling in Washington D.C., where she broadcast occasionally on National Public Radio, and was the Washington correspondent for New Statesman, for the French Catholic weekly, Temoignage Chretien, and for the leading Greek newspaper, Ta Nea. Her work was published in many of the leading US newspapers, including the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and Washington Post, as well as in the leading foreign policy journals of the US, including Foreign Affairs. She was honoured with the award of a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship at the US Smithsonian Institution.\nIn 1983, although she was diagnosed with thyroid cancer, she delayed a life-saving operation, in order to return to Melbourne at the invitation of 3AW, and present a series of 4-hour morning radio programs during the six-week summer season. She replaced presenter Derryn Hinch, who, out-rated, tried to sabotage her return. Her last active journalistic link with Australia was as Washington correspondent for Vogue.\nHer radical journalism resulted in her being accused of treason in the Australian Senate in the early 1980s, and then, in later years, in bizarre accusations about her being a spy for the Soviets. Her accuser, a KGB major, who was dismissed from his service for alcoholism, had been incensed when his superiors listened to tape-recordings, in which Claudia had told her husband of the agent's attempt to grope her sexually at a restaurant in Moscow. On the tape, Claudia was heard to say that she had told the agent to \"get that little thing out of me\".\nPublished retractions and apologies in the UK and London put an end to the claims, until they were resurrected in the Times in January of 2005, when the newspaper was promoting a new book by one of its correspondents, and believed Claudia was dead, and therefore safe to libel.\nThe two rounds of allegations came at a time when her ability to speak for herself about them was limited. In 1988, Claudia Wright was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease; she was just 54 at the time. Her treatment was aided by experimental drugs provided by her friend, the Prime Minister of Greece, Andreas Papandreou.\nShe lived with the illness for another seventeen years. During that time, she was, characteristically, far from silent. Through the \"Sixty Minutes\" television programme, she organized the first ever-television documentaries in Australia to show what impact the disease was having on her, launching thereby a national campaign for funds to aid Alzheimer's Disease research. That fund is ongoing at the Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria.\nShe also fought against the conditions of her hospitalization, and for the rights of institutional patients, taking to tribunal hearings the Presbyterian Church, which operated the centre where she spent her last decade, as well as the Victorian state Office of Public Advocate and the Guardianship and Administration Board, for mistreatment. Her claims were all dismissed.\nIt was an unfair and unfitting last chapter for an incredibly fit woman with a powerful commitment to giving the unvoiced a voice.\nHer grave is in the village cemetery of White Hills, where her Chinese relatives also lie, outside Bendigo. A memorial service was held the week after her death, on February 5, 2005, at Como House, which was across the street from Claudia's last Australian home, and over-looked the park where she would jog every morning. A film compilation by her son Catullus, including excerpts of the famous 1976 radio debate with the Catholic priest, was presented. Eulogies were given by London writers Greer and Scarthe Flett; Helmer; Copeland; and Frank.\nA death notice placed in the New York Times on February 3rd 2005 in a few well chosen words told the world exactly what Claudia Wright's scene was: 'She wrote, she fought, she loved.'\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1960 - 1990)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-claudia-wright\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alzheimers-and-claudia-wright\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/claudia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/claudia-wright-interviewing-mr-john-kaputin-port-moresby-new-guinea-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-current-affair-1975-09-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-claudia-wright-journalist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kairouz, Marlene", "Entry ID": "AWE3949", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kairouz-marlene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Political candidate", "Summary": "Marlene Kairouz, a member of the Australian Labor Party, was elected as the Member for Kororoit in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria at the by-election, which was held in June 2008. She was re-elected in November 2010 and again in 2014. She currently holds the position of Cabinet secretary in the Labor government.\nBefore her election to the Victorian Parliament she served as a Councillor in the City of Darebin from September 1998 until June 2008 and as Mayor from 2001-02 and 2006-07.\n", "Details": "Marlene Kairouz was educated at St Mary's Primary School in Thornbury from 1980-86 and Santa Maria Girls College, North cote from 1987-1992. She holds a Diploma of Health, Medical Laboratory Science( RMIT).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rogers, Mary Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE3955", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rogers-mary-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Richmond Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Local government councillor, Magistrate, Political party organiser, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Mary Rogers became the first woman councillor in Victoria when she was elected to the Richmond City Council in 1920. She was appointed as organiser for the Victorian branch of the Australian Labor Party.\n", "Details": "Mary Rogers was raised in East Melbourne, where she attended a local Catholic school. In 1900 she married Patrick Denis Rogers and the pair had five children, though one died in infancy. Patrick, an upholsterer, had been president of the Furniture Trades Union. Mary, employed as a cleaner after the death of her husband in 1910, became president of the Women Office Cleaners' Union, and later vice-president of the Miscellaneous Workers' Union.\nRogers maintained a long-term involvement with the Australian Labor Party, becoming organiser for its Victorian Branch in 1918, and president of its Women's Organizing Committee. In 1920 she was elected to the Richmond City Council at a by-election, making her Victoria's first woman councillor, and worked to improve the living conditions of Richmond's poor. Rogers was also one of the first women appointed as a justice of the peace in Victoria and became a special magistrate at the Children's Court in Richmond. She served for some time as secretary of the welfare committee of the Catholic Women's Social Guild.\nMary Rogers died of cancer in 1932, and was buried at Boroondara cemetery, Kew.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rogers-mary-catherine-1872-1932\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-to-light-up-pedestrian-lights-for-the-first-time\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Rachael", "Entry ID": "AWE3963", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-rachael\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Investigative Journalist, Radio Journalist, Television Journalist", "Events": "Innovation - 'Trace' - ABC (with Jeremy Story Carter and Jesse Cox) (2017 - 2017) \nRadio Current Affairs Reporting - 'Medical Board Ignores Dr Rape Claims', ABC Radio Melbourne (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cuthbertson, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE3968", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cuthbertson-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bacchus March, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare worker, Factory inspector, Public servant, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "In March 1894 Margaret Cuthbertson was appointed to a three month trial as the first Female Inspector of Factories in Victoria. Having joined the public service six years earlier (she was employed as a Telephone Switch Operator in the Department of Postmaster-General on 25 July 1888) she was the successful applicant for a position that required someone capable of reporting on the sanitary arrangements, hours of labour, remuneration etc of all places where women were employed. She was also expected to visit the premises of outworkers and make occasional visit to rural and regional centres. She was the main conduit of information between women workers and the Chief Inspector of Factories.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ten-victorian-women-caroline-chisholm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-cuthbertson-factory-inspection-and-the-political-lives-of-working-women-1890-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cuthbertson-margaret-gardiner-1864-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Swanton, Mary Hynes", "Entry ID": "AWE3969", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/swanton-mary-hynes\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "West Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Tailoress, Trade unionist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Mary Swanton was an staunch labour activist who was particularly concerned about the conditions endured by working women. Born in Melbourne, she moved to Perth, Western Australia, in 1889 where she worked as a tailoress. She was a member of the Australian Native's Association, a strong supporter of women's suffrage and a founding member (secretary) of the Perth branch of the Australian Women's Association.\nIn 1900 she became the foundation president of the Perth Tailoresses' Union until its amalgamation with the Tailors' Union in 1905. She was elected to the presidency of the combined union in 1910. Swanton was also a foundation member of the Karrakatta Club, and a friend and associate of reformist women such as Katharine Susannah Prichard.\nA lifelong commitment to the cause of labour did not limit her criticism of the movement when it ignored women's working conditions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/swanton-mary-hynes-1861-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-thick-of-every-battle-for-the-cause-of-labor-the-voluntary-work-of-the-labor-womens-organisations-in-western-australia-1900-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-hynes-swanton-papers-1896-1940\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hall, Eliza Rowdon", "Entry ID": "AWE3971", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hall-eliza-rowdon\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Potts Point Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "In 1912, Eliza Hall used her inheritance to establish the Walter and Eliza Hall Trust. Funds were distributed in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. A significant proportion of Victoria's share went toward the establishment of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Melbourne.\n", "Details": "Eliza Rowdon Kirk was born in Melbourne, the eldest daughter of George Kirk (a Yorkshire-born butcher) and his wife Elizabeth, n\u00e9e Wippell. In 1874 she married Walter Russell Hall. Walter was born in Herefordshire, England, and arrived in Sydney with little money. He became an agent for Cobb & Co., taking over the firm with James Rutherford and others in 1861. By the time he left Cobb & Co. in the mid-1880s he was a wealthy man. From here his wealth grew via an investment in the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Co. Ltd., registered with a capital of \u00a31 million in 1886. Walter Hall made many anonymous donations to institutions and individuals including a gift of \u00a31,000 to charities when his horse Reviver won the Metropolitan in 1900. He gave \u00a35,000 to the Patriotic Fund during the war in South Africa and \u00a310,000 to the Dreadnought Fund.\nWalter and Eliza had no children, but took care of two orphaned cousins. When Walter died in 1911 his estate was valued at \u00a32,915,513 with Eliza his principal beneficiary. Shortly afterwards she put aside \u00a31 million to benefit the community in commemoration of her husband. She was persuaded to link her own name with her husband's in this endeavour, and the terms of the trust deed for the Walter and Eliza Hall Trust were made public in May 1912. The income was distributed according to the derivation of Walter's wealth: half went to New South Wales, one quarter to Queensland, and one quarter to Victoria. The deed was drawn up under Eliza's instructions and stipulated that income be used for the relief of poverty, advancement of education, advancement of religion (Church of England), and general benefit of the community. In each state, one third of the income was to be used for the benefit of women and children. A large share of Victoria's allocation went to the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Research in Pathology and Medicine in 1916.\nOn her death in 1916, Eliza bequeathed her estate - valued at \u00a31,180,059 - to relations, friends and servants, with a number of pictures and statues left to the Melbourne and Sydney art galleries.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hall-eliza-rowdon-1847-1916\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-dictionary-of-evangelical-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/king-family-further-papers-being-mainly-of-dr-hazel-king-regarding-kelso-king-ca-1841-1982\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Collie, Barbara", "Entry ID": "AWE3975", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collie-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kensington, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "Barbara Collie established the Collie Print Trust in 1967.\n", "Details": "Barbara and her sister Catherine were daughters of Robert Collie, founder of the Collie printing ink company (later Collie Australia Ltd). Robert was of Scottish descent but born in Ireland. In 1857, at the age of four, he travelled with his family to Melbourne where his father took work as a farmer. Robert married Catherine Mary Atkins in 1881 and the pair had five children - three boys and two girls. Catherine Mary died in 1909 at the age of 47 when Barbara was just 13 years old and Catherine was 22. The sisters put aside opportunities for marriage in order to carry out family duties, and they cared for their father until his death in 1934 at the age of 82.\nPhilanthropic in her lifetime, Barbara donated the sculpture outside the Royal Women's Hospital in Carlton, Melbourne, to honour the work of the women's auxiliaries there. In 1967, seeking to perpetuate the memory of her father and brothers, she established the Collie Trust as part of the Barbara Collie Settlement with 100,000 ordinary 50 cent shares in the Collie printing business. Control of the trust was handed to the Trustees and Executors Agency Company, but Barbara's preference was for the money to be invested in the industry that had created the family wealth. The bequest deed was to fund technical education in graphic design equal to that available for printing students at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Funds were distributed to the Melbourne School of Printing and Graphic Arts there, later the International Centre of Graphic Technology. Barbara left a second portion of her estate as a general charitable fund, with money to be donated to charitable organisations at the discretion of the trustees.\nBy 1980, the Collie Trust was disbursing $20,000 per annum, while a further $26,000 went to charitable organisations as per Barbara's directions. Catherine Collie also left her estate to charity, with $14,000 disbursed annually by 1980. In its current form, the Collie Trust offers a number of fellowships and scholarships and supports AGIdeas, an annual conference for graphic design students.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-collie-print-trust-concept-to-excellence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Collier, Annette", "Entry ID": "AWE3978", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collier-annette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "The Collier sisters - Annette, Alice and Edith - came to public notice in 1954 with the endowment of the \u00a31.25 million Collier Charitable Fund. By 2007, the corpus of the fund was worth $88 million.\n", "Details": "Alice, Annette and Edith Collier were daughters of Jenkin Collier, who arrived in Melbourne from Wales in 1852 at the age of 23. Jenkin Collier worked in the building trade, constructing railway lines from Melbourne to Echuca and Deniliquin to Moama, and became involved in the pastoral development of Queensland. \nThe Colliers lived at Werndew, a mansion on Toorak Road. The three sisters were educated at Melbourne's Presbyterian Ladies' College, while their brother Herbert attended Melbourne Grammar School. Jenkin Collier died at the age of 91, leaving his estate to his family. His daughters were devoted to one another, and never married. They travelled extensively but lived an otherwise unpretentious existence, attending St. John's Church regularly and spending very little of the substantial annual income that they received from the Collier estate. They gave generously to charity, but always insisted on anonymity.\nThe wills of Annette, Alice and Edith Collier - who died in 1947, 1950 and 1954 respectively - held that two-fourteenths of the Collier Charitable Fund's annual income be given to the Lord Mayor's Fund. By 2006, the Lord Mayor's Fund alone had distributed over $30 million to various hospitals and charities using its share of the Collier money.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lord-mayors-fund-news-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collier-jenkin-1829-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Collier, Alice", "Entry ID": "AWE3979", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collier-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "The Collier sisters - Annette, Alice and Edith - came to public notice in 1954 with the endowment of the \u00a31.25 million Collier Charitable Fund. By 2007, the corpus of the fund was worth $88 million.\n", "Details": "Alice, Annette and Edith Collier were daughters of Jenkin Collier, who arrived in Melbourne from Wales in 1852 at the age of 23. Jenkin Collier worked in the building trade, constructing railway lines from Melbourne to Echuca and Deniliquin to Moama, and became involved in the pastoral development of Queensland. \nThe Colliers lived at Werndew, a mansion on Toorak Road. The three sisters were educated at Melbourne's Presbyterian Ladies' College, while their brother Herbert attended Melbourne Grammar School. Jenkin Collier died at the age of 91, leaving his estate to his family. His daughters were devoted to one another, and never married. They travelled extensively but lived an otherwise unpretentious existence, attending St. John's Church regularly and spending very little of the substantial annual income that they received from the Collier estate. They gave generously to charity, but always insisted on anonymity.\nThe wills of Annette, Alice and Edith Collier - who died in 1947, 1950 and 1954 respectively - held that two-fourteenths of the Collier Charitable Fund's annual income be given to the Lord Mayor's Fund. By 2006, the Lord Mayor's Fund alone had distributed over $30 million to various hospitals and charities using its share of the Collier money.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lord-mayors-fund-news-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collier-jenkin-1829-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Collier, Edith", "Entry ID": "AWE3980", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collier-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "The Collier sisters - Annette, Alice and Edith - came to public notice in 1954 with the endowment of the \u00a31.25 million Collier Charitable Fund. By 2007, the corpus of the fund was worth $88 million.\n", "Details": "Alice, Annette and Edith Collier were daughters of Jenkin Collier, who arrived in Melbourne from Wales in 1852 at the age of 23. Jenkin Collier worked in the building trade, constructing railway lines from Melbourne to Echuca and Deniliquin to Moama, and became involved in the pastoral development of Queensland. \nThe Colliers lived at Werndew, a mansion on Toorak Road. The three sisters were educated at Melbourne's Presbyterian Ladies' College, while their brother Herbert attended Melbourne Grammar School. Jenkin Collier died at the age of 91, leaving his estate to his family. His daughters were devoted to one another, and never married. They travelled extensively but lived an otherwise unpretentious existence, attending St. John's Church regularly and spending very little of the substantial annual income that they received from the Collier estate. They gave generously to charity, but always insisted on anonymity.\nThe wills of Annette, Alice and Edith Collier - who died in 1947, 1950 and 1954 respectively - held that two-fourteenths of the Collier Charitable Fund's annual income be given to the Lord Mayor's Fund. By 2006, the Lord Mayor's Fund alone had distributed over $30 million to various hospitals and charities using its share of the Collier money.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lord-mayors-fund-news-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collier-jenkin-1829-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Halpern, Deborah", "Entry ID": "AWE3982", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/halpern-deborah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Philanthropist, Sculptor", "Summary": "Deborah Halpern is one of Australia's most celebrated sculptors, known for her wildly colourful mosaic work. One of Halpern's biggest sculptures, Angel, stood in the moat of the National Gallery of Victoria for many years before it was moved to its current location on the bank of the Yarra River at Birrarung Marr.\n", "Details": "In her particular world view, Deborah Halpern was greatly influenced by her parents, artists Sylvia and Artec Halpern. Though her father, a Polish Jew, left when she was six years old, her mother would speak to her of the 'brotherhood of man', and Halpern came to see the planet as her family. As a teenager she was increasingly aware of the paradoxes and injustices of the world. She donated as much as possible to the Guide Dogs Association, Green Peace and Amnesty International, but felt that $10 per week wasn't making enough of a difference. She felt that people with money were doing nothing to help.\nHalpern began her artistic career training as an apprentice in ceramic works in 1976. In her mid-twenties, she was introduced to members of the Hunger Project, a not-for-profit organisation aiming to make a fundamental impact in the world's most poverty-stricken areas. The group had a policy of instigating programs only upon the invitation of communities to do so, and of initiating conversations with members of those communities to directly address their needs. The people behind the Hunger Project had been a part of the Landmark Forum, now a widely-known motivational seminar series operating worldwide, and in the mid-1980s Halpern decided to attend.\nA sculptor and a potter by trade, Deborah Halpern had been commissioned in 1987 by the National Gallery of Victoria and the Australian Bicentennial Authority to create a sculpture for the south moat of the NGV's St Kilda Road site. She was intimidated by the scale of the project, and found the Forum helped her to realise her potential. With an original grant of $25,000, the sculpture, Angel, became a far bigger project than was originally intended, and Halpern had to meet costs by fundraising.\nEmpowered by her success with Angel, Halpern pledged $100,000 to the Hunger Project within one year. She and her then husband Malcolm took on as many commissions as possible until the money had been raised.\nToday, with her sculptural pieces fetching handsome sums, Halpern donates $5,000 to $25,000 annually to any number of organisations including the Red Cross, Canteen, groups for osteoporosis sufferers, Amnesty International, World Vision and a Moon Bear rescue group in China. She sees the $100,000 gift as having been a one-off challenge, and now maintains a trust account. Between 10 May and 23 July 2006, the Ian Potter Centre at the NGV held Angel, an exhibition of Halpern's work, to coincide with the relocation of that original public sculpture to the Yarra bank at Birrarung Marr.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Von Puttkamer, Margarethe Hermine", "Entry ID": "AWE3989", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/von-puttkamer-margarethe-hermine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Oven Goldfields, near Beechworth, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Margarethe Von Puttkamer was the first nurse at Broken Hill, New South Wales.\n", "Details": "Margarethe Von Puttkamer (or Peg, as she was known to friends) was of German descent. Her father, George Christian Hermann (Baron) Von Puttkamer, was born on the 18th December 1820 in Pomerania, Germany. He was a member of Infantry Regiment No. 9 in Stargard, Pomerania, before serving as a lieutenant in the Schleswig-Holstein Army from 1848 to 1850. Georg migrated to South Australia in 1850 and worked as a labourer and shepherd, and as a gold prospector in Victoria. On 22 July 1851 in Adelaide he married Amalie Catarine Hirdes, who hailed from Kassal, Hessen in Germany and who, like Georg, had travelled to South Australia on the barque Sophie.\nMargarethe trained as a nurse in Melbourne before moving to Adelaide, where she was a trainee in 1884. Around 1885, she moved to Broken Hill and became matron of the Broken Hill and District Hospital, working with Emma Burkhill. On 16 May 1889 she married John David Robertson (b.28 May 1854, d.19 April 1926), a compositor for the local paper, the Silver Age. She resigned from the Broken Hill Hospital, but opened her own private hospital in Chloride Street.\nJohn and Margarethe had two children, Amelia Hermine Ethel Robertson (born 15 January 1890) and John 'Jock' David Robertson Junior (born 6 August 1895). Georg Von Puttkamer had died some years earlier - 21 October 1859 - near Blanchetown, South Australia. His wife Amalie lived until 24 October 1910, when she died at Angaston, South Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-silver-mirror\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nursing-in-south-australia-first-hundred-years-1837-1937\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/von-puttkamer-margarethe-hermine-peg-baroness\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Renowden, Mary Cranwell", "Entry ID": "AWE3996", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/renowden-mary-cranwell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Parkerville, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Postmistress", "Summary": "Mary Renowden was the first government official in Broken Hill, New South Wales, serving as postmistress from 1 January 1886.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Samuel Eades and Ellen Eades (nee Kerwan), Mary came from a family of six children. In 1866, in Geelong, she married Zechariah (Zachariah) Dawson Wilson and had six children. A Lieutenant with the Victorian Company Department, Wilson died at Warrnambool, Victoria, in 1881 at the age of 46 years.\nMary moved with her family to Silverton, near Broken Hill in New South Wales. In 1886 she married John Oliver Renowden, and had two more children - Mary Kate, born October 1888, and John R. Oliver, born January 1891. One son from her first marriage, Robert Wilson, died in Broken Hill in April 1893.\nJohn Oliver Renowden was a member of Broken Hill's first Progress Committee. His sketch of the town pre-settlement is now held at the Broken Hill Railway Museum. When the Committee elected to appoint a postmistress and run a mail coach between Silverton and Mount Gipps, Mary was appointed postmistress. She began work on the first day of January, 1886, with a salary of ten pounds per annum.\nMary left Broken Hill with her family in 1893 to live in Parkerville, Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gago, Gail", "Entry ID": "AWE4037", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gago-gail\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Parliamentarian, Union organiser", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Gail Gago was elected to the Legislative Council of the Parliament of South Australia at the election, which was held on 9 February 2002. She was re-elected in 2010. She holds the Ministerial portfolios of State\/Local Government Relations, Status of Women, Consumer Affairs, and Government Enterprises. She acts also as Minister Assisting the Minister for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure. Gail completed her secondary education at Shepparton High School, Victoria, her Tertiary education at Phillip Institute of Technology and Monash University.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crowley, Rosemary Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE4079", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crowley-rosemary-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Rosemary Crowley was elected as a Senator for South Australia in the Senate of the Parliament of Australia at the federal election, which was held in March 1983. She served until 2002 and during her period in Parliament she held the portfolios of Family Services from 1993 to 1996 and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women from March to December 1993. A complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crowley-rosemary-anne-1938-senator-for-south-australia-1983-2002-australian-labor-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crowley-the-hon-rosemary-anne-ao\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-senator-rosemary-crowley\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Horsburgh, Julie", "Entry ID": "AWE4086", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horsburgh-julie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Gallery Owner", "Summary": "With her husband Rod, mosaic artist Julie Horsburgh owns Jarrah Mosaics at Broken Hill, New South Wales.\n", "Details": "Julie grew up in the Frankston-Pearcedale region of Victoria, and married Rod Horsburgh at the age of sixteen. They raised two children and made a home at Creswick, where Julie worked in community care and retired to the studio after hours. In 2002, Julie and Rod undertook a 'desert change' and moved to Broken Hill, New South Wales. Their spectacular mosaic and sculptural works are displayed at their studio home on Chapple Street and are compiled from fragments of glass, porcelain or metal from larger pieces found on forages in the desert or in regional op shops and garage sales.\nJulie is a member of the Broken Hill Women Artists' Group. Her work has been exhibited at the Broken Hill Regional Art Gallery (Women's Exhibition, 2003, 2005, 2007), Darling Park in Sydney (The Big Back Yard Fine Art Exhibition, June 2004), the Waste 2 Art Regional Exhibition (2005), and the Wentworth Memorial Rooms Gallery (Wentworth Exhibition, November 2008).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-julie-horsburgh\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Simper, Elsie", "Entry ID": "AWE4100", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/simper-elsie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Nurse", "Summary": "Sister Elsie Simper was the Matron of Warrawee Private Hospital in Broken Hill from 1933 until 1943, and was the founder of the District Nursing Service.\n", "Details": "Elsie Simper grew up at Smythesdale, Victoria, the eldest of five children of Alfred Simper, an alluvial gold miner, and his wife Elizabeth. She began her nursing career in 1925 at Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital in Melbourne where, after completing two and a half years of general training, she became a senior nurse. \nThe prospect of gaining higher wages and of working with Dr. Kneebone, a very well respected surgeon, convinced Elsie to move to Broken Hill in 1928. There she undertook general and midwifery training at the Broken Hill and District Hospital. In 1933 and with only \u00a315 to her name, Elsie bought the Warrawee Private Hospital on Oxide Street, which had been operating since late 1924. At first, Sister Simper was on call 24 hours a day as there was no night sister. Her tireless work paid off, as the 6-bed hospital was soon too small to house all of her patients. In 1937 Elsie bought the Cable Hotel and converted it into a new 12-bed hospital. During her ten years as Matron of Warrawee Private Hospital, Elsie delivered an average of 110 babies a year and was proud to report no maternal deaths and only five stillborn babies. \nIn 1942, after the opening of the new wing of the Broken Hill and District Hospital in September 1941, Warrawee closed. After taking a course in Infant Welfare at Tresillian in Sydney, Sister Simper returned to Broken Hill and in 1943 she founded the District Nursing Service. She ran the service for three years from the Broken Hill and District Hospital. \nElsie left Broken Hill in 1946 to visit her parents in Ballarat, and there she accepted a permanent position at the Maternal and Infant Welfare Service. She retired in 1971 and subsequently undertook voluntary work with several organisations including Meals on Wheels, the Day Centre for the Blind, the Walker Street Spastic centre and the Quota Club. She died in 1999 at the age of 94.\nThis entry was prepared and written by Georgia Moodie.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Easson, Mary Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE4117", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/easson-mary-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Research officer", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Mary Easson was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Lowe, New South Wales at the 1993 election. She was defeated at the 1996 election, when the Labor Government lost office after thirteen years in power.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mary-easson-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henzell, Marjorie Madeline", "Entry ID": "AWE4118", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henzell-marjorie-madeline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Social worker", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Marjorie Henzell was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Capricornia, Queensland, at the 1993 election. She remained in Parliament for one term only as she was defeated at the 1996 election, when the Labor Government lost power after a period of thirteen years in office.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ellis, Annette Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE4121", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-annette-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Public servant", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Annette Ellis was elected to the House of Representatives of the Parliament of Australia as the Member for Namadji, Australian Capital Territory, in 1996. Following an electoral redistribution in 1997, she stood as a candidate for the seat of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory at the 1998 election and was successful. She was re-elected in 2001, 2004 and 2007. She did not recontest her seat at the 2010 election. Before her entry into the Federal Parliament she was a member of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly from 1992 until her defeat in 1995.\n", "Details": "Before her election in 1992 to the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, Annette Ellis had worked in the private sector, then for the State Department of Education in Victoria before joining the Australian Public Service, taking up a position in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.\nIn the House of Representatives Ellis was a member of the Shadow Ministry for three years and was a member of six international parliamentary delegations, culminating in her appointment as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from September to December 2009. She served on several parliamentary committees but considered her work on 'Health is Life', the 2000 report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Family and Community Services inquiry into the status of indigenous health, and on 'Who Cares', the 2009 report into better support for carers by the Standing Committee on Family, Community, Housing and Youth, as her most significant contributions to social policy development.\nAfter she retired from the House of Representatives Ellis served on the boards or as patron of many organisations in Canberra, including the Tuggeranong Hawks Football Club, Pegasus, the Australia-Thailand Institute and was a member of the University of Canberra Council.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ms-annette-ellis-parliament-of-australia-website\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Williams, Katherine Mary Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE4128", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-katherine-mary-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lara, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Labour movement activist, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Kath Williams was a staunch trade unionist and labour activist who was an important figure in the equal pay for women campaign in Victoria during the 1950s and 1960s. She was one of several Australian Labor Party members who were excluded in the mid 1930s for advocating publicly, against party policy, that sanctions be imposed against Italy, after its invasion of Abyssinia. She was an observer at the first World Conference of Working Women, held in Budapest in 1956, where she presented a paper on the campaign in Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-katherine-mary-isabel-1895-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kath-williams-the-unions-and-the-fight-for-equal-pay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ellis, Katherine Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4143", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellis-katherine-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advisor, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Kate Ellis was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Adelaide, South Australia, in 2004. She was re-elected in 2007 and appointed Minster for Youth and Minister for Sport in the newly formed Rudd Labor Government. She was successful again at the 2010 election and currently holds the ministerial portfolios of Employment Participation and Childcare and the Status of Women in the Gillard Labor Government.\nA complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Newman, Jocelyn Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4166", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newman-jocelyn-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Berry, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Farmer, Hotelier, Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor, Volunteer", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Jocelyn Newman served as a Senator for Tasmania in the Senate of the Australian Parliament from 1986 until 2002, when she resigned. She held the Ministerial portfolios in the Howard Government of Social Security from 1996-98; Family and Community Services from 1998-2001. She held the portfolio of Minister Assisting the Prime Minister on the Status of Women for two separate periods, from 1996-97 and from 1998-2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-politics-voices-from-the-commonwealth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jocelyn-margaret-newman-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jocelyn-newman-1975-2000-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jocelyn-newman-interviewed-by-norman-abjorensen-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jocelyn-and-kevin-newman-1975-2001-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/subject-files-compiled-in-the-course-of-parliamentary-duties\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-senator-jocelyn-newman\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cowper, Robina Fordyce", "Entry ID": "AWE4171", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cowper-robina-fordyce\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sandridge, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Lay preacher, Magistrate, Religious Leader, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Robina Cowper was a religious worker and woman's activist with a talent for public speaking. A trained teacher, she and her husband, Charles, were members of the Augustine Congregational Church in Hawthorn throughout the 1890s.\nBy 1901, she had become a member of the Collins Street Independent Church and became fully immersed in the administrative life of the church, becoming one of its delegates to the Congregational Union in 1912. In 1913 she was elected to the union's home mission committee and the women's home mission committee executive. She was the first woman on the Congregational Union executive committee (1922-25) and a founding member of the executive of the Congregational Women's Association in 1923.\nIn all her activities she advocated women's rights and this advocacy extended beyond the church. She was recognised as an energetic and effective public speaker and preacher was invited to do so regularly. She lobbied the government on a variety of social issues on social justice issues such as the need for more women in the police force, protection of children, and temperance. She was an organiser for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. In 1928 she was appointed a special magistrate of the Children's Court in Melbourne, Victoria.\nCowper had dealings with representatives from all church denominations and maintained that the Congregationalists led the way when it came to the representation of women. The other denominations, apparently, were 'pickled in sex as to their ideas'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cowper-robina-fordyce-1866-1948\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Foster, Hilda", "Entry ID": "AWE4179", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/foster-hilda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Sunday school teacher", "Summary": "Hilda Foster was a Double Certified Nurse when, at the age of 35, she successfully applied to the board of the Australian Inland Mission (AIM) to work at an outback field centre in South Australia. Born and raised in suburban Melbourne, she had been inspired by stories told to her by other missionaries about the fulfilment to be gained working amongst Aboriginal communities. Given her religious faith and nursing skills, she believed she could make a difference. She worked in Oodnadatta in South Australia for two years (1937-1939), followed by a stint in Innamincka in New South Wales in 1940-1942.\n", "Details": "Before she became a nurse, Hilda Foster trained to be a Sunday School teacher and was a member of the Sunday School Council of Victoria. She completed first aid courses run through the Presbyterian Deaconesses Institute in Carlton, Victoria, and in 1930 successfully applied to become a trainee nurse at the Austin Hospital for Incurables, in Heidelberg. She commenced her training there in 1931, before moving to the Women's Hospital in 1933. In 1934 she had six months at the Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital, before returning to the Austin, where she was employed when she sat her final exams in November 1934.\nHer combined skills made her a most attractive option for the Australian Inland Mission. As well as being multi-skilled as a nurse, she provided religious instruction and spiritual ministry to members of the community, some of them Aboriginal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joy-that-has-no-bitter-springs-sister-hilda-foster-and-the-australian-inland-mission-1937-1942\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-to-be-ministered-unto-the-story-of-presbyterian-deaconesses-trained-in-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Webber, Ruth Stephanie", "Entry ID": "AWE4187", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webber-ruth-stephanie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Electorate Officer, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Ruth Webber was elected as a Senator for Western Australia in the Senate of the Australian Parliament in 2001. She served as Deputy Opposition Whip from 2004-08. She was defeated at the 2007 election, with her term expiring in June 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hanson-Young, Sarah Coral", "Entry ID": "AWE4207", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hanson-young-sarah-coral\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Campaign manager, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Greens Party, Sarah Hanson-Young was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for South Australia at the election, which was held on 24 November 2007.Her term expires in 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kroger, Helen Evelyn", "Entry ID": "AWE4208", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kroger-helen-evelyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Delicatessen proprietor, Human resources manager, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Helen Kroger was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Victoria at the election, which was held on 24 November 2007. She was defeated at the September 2013 election, and relinquished her seat on 30 June 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Butler, Heather Rose", "Entry ID": "AWE4211", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/butler-heather-rose\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hampton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Company director, Parliamentarian, Social worker", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Heather Butler was elected to the Tasmanian Parliament in the House of Assembly as a member for Lyons in May 2005. She currently holds the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier and Government Whip. In 2005 she was named in the inaugural Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Simpson, Fiona Stuart", "Entry ID": "AWE4231", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/simpson-fiona-stuart\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sea Lake, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the National Party, now the Liberal National Party in Queensland, Fiona Simpson was the youngest person, at the age of 27, to be elected to the Parliament of Queensland in 1992 as Member for Maroochydore. During her parliamentary career she has served as Deputy Leader of the Nationals from 2006-2008 and Deputy Leader of the Opposition for the same period. She currently holds the position of Shadow Minister for Transport and Main Roads.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-fiona-simpson-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Molloy, Cathryn", "Entry ID": "AWE4248", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/molloy-cathryn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "As a member of the Australian Labor Party, Cate Molloy was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the Member for Noosa in 2001. The Labor Party disendorsed her as a candidate before the 2006 election because of her opposition to the Government's dam building program. She stood as an Independent, but was defeated.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Flynn, Rosetta", "Entry ID": "AWE4254", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flynn-rosetta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Blackburn, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Rosetta Flynn was the sister of John Flynn Australian Inland Mission fame. She was one of a group of women in Melbourne who supported John Flynn's initiatives to provide missionary services to Australians in remote regions. They formed the Mailbag League which sent letters and packages of books and other items to people living in isolated locations, and which also supported the publication of The Outback Battler a magazine designed especially for people living in remote communities.\nShe also helped to raise funds to support her brother's first trip into the Northern Territory, to conduct a survey on the needs of women and children in remote regions.\n", "Events": "Awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) 'in recognition of service to the community' (1981 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flynns-outback-angels-casting-the-mantle-1901-to-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-outback-battler-a-quarterly-magazine-issued-in-bush-interests\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Phillips, Anita Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE4256", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phillips-anita-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kawana Waters, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Social worker", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Anita Phillips was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the Member for Thuringowa in 2001. She retired in February 2004 to contest the federal seat of Herbert in November 2004 but was unsuccessful on that occasion.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bates, Rosslyn Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4277", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bates-rosslyn-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Healesville, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal National Party, Ros Bates was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as Member for Mudgeeraba at the election which was held on 21 March 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Heaven, Lynda Agnes Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE4301", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heaven-lynda-agnes-victoria\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Daylesford, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Lynda Heaven was the first member of her party to serve in the Tasmanian House of Assembly in 1962, representing the electorate of Franklin. Her period in parliament was short, as she was defeated at the 1964 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McArthur, Annie Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4316", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcarthur-annie-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ararat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Honolulu, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Anthropologist", "Summary": "Annie Margaret McArthur led a distinguished career as an academic and an international consultant in the field of nutrition. Her research interests included Aboriginal Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific. She paid particular attention to the contribution of women to the food supply and subsistence.\nIn 1965, McArthur was the first woman to be offered a tenured position in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Sydney.\nWhen McArthur died in 2002, she bequeathed property to the University of Melbourne. The McArthur Fellowship, for postdoctoral studies in the humanities and social sciences, was subsequently established in her honour.\n", "Events": "Appointed Lecturer at University of Sydney - the first woman to be offered a tenured position in the Department of Anthropology (1965 - 1965) \nAssistant Research Officer at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), where she was involved in the development of waterproof containers to transport food to troops in the Pacific. (1943 - 1945) \nAwarded Doctorate of Philosophy in social anthropology (1962 - 1962) \nBachelor of Science, University of Melbourne (1941 - 1941) \nDied in Honolulu (2002 - 2002) \nDiploma in Nutrition, Australian Institute of Anatomy (1946 - 1946) \nDiploma in Social Anthropology, University of London (1952 - 1952) \nLeft Sydney to resettle in Hawaii, where she continued her studies of the ethnography of the Kunimaipa peop (1976 - 1976) \nMarried Dr Douglas Oliver, a retired Professor of Anthropology from Harvard (1976 - 1976) \nMaster of Science, University of Melbourne (1942 - 1942) \nMember of the New Guinea Nutrition Research Unit, Commonwealth Department of Health (1947 - 1947) \nNutrition consultant for the Food and Agriculture Organisation in Africa (1964 - 1964) \nNutrition consultant for the Food and Agriculture Organisation to the government of Indonesia. (1961 - 1961) \nNutritionist, Australian-American scientific expedition to Arnhem Land (1948 - 1949) \nPromoted to Senior Lecturer, University of Sydney (1970 - 1970) \nReceived the Emslie Horniman Studentship from the Royal Anthropological Institute of London, which she used to continued her research in Papua. (1955 - 1956) \nReceived the Walter Mersh Strong Research Fellowship from the University of Sydney, which she used to carry out anthropological and nutritional fieldwork among the Kunimaipa people of Papua (1953 - 1955) \nResearch Officer, Department of Economics, Institute of Advanced Studies at the Australian National University (1962 - 1962) \nSenior Fellow, East-West Centre, Hawaii (1973 - 1974) \nSocial Anthropology Consultant for the World Health Organisation to the government of Malaya (1958 - 1960) \nTaught part-time at the London School of Economics and the London School of Hygiene (1965 - 1965) \nTemporary lecturer in Anthropology, University of Manchester (1963 - 1963)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-annie-margaret-mcarthur-1919-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-archives-of-mcarthur-annie-margaret-1919-2002\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baldwin, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4358", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baldwin-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Doctor, Suffragist", "Summary": "Mary Baldwin was a signatory to the 1891 Women's Suffrage 'Monster' Petition. She graduated in medicine in 1902 from the University of Melbourne. Baldwin was to become the first female doctor in Kyneton.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-baldwin-of-15-brougham-street-north-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Foskey, Deb", "Entry ID": "AWE4369", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/foskey-deb\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Terang, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Farmer, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the ACT Greens, Deb Foskey was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory representing the electorate of Molonglo in 2004. She retired from Parliament in 2008 after serving for one term only. She was a Greens candidate at the 2018 Victorian state election for the seat of East Gippsland and at the 2019 Federal election for the seat of Gippsland.\n", "Details": "Deb Foskey grew up in rural Victoria and after completing a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Diploma of Education at Melbourne University moved with her family to settle at Cabanandra in the mountain forests of East Gippsland. There they built their off-grid home and campaigned to save the East Gippsland forests while Deb taught in the region's schools. The family moved to Canberra for the children's secondary schooling where she continued her studies at the Australian National University, gaining a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2003. A member of the ACT Greens, Deb Foskey was elected to the ACT Legislative Assembly, at her second attempt, representing the electorate of Molonglo in 2004. She had previously stood for an ACT Senate seat at the federal elections in 1996 and 1998.\nBy now a single parent Deb was concerned about the housing rights of low-income earners and was able to protect the tenancies of the residents of a long-stay caravan park in Narrabundah when the ownership changed.\u00a0 Other matters she concerned herself with during her time in the Assembly included proposing a ban on caged hens for egg production in the ACT and increased accountability of decision-making by the Labor majority government.\nShe retired from the Assembly in 2008 after serving for one term only, and returned to Cabanandra where she continued to campaign for environmental, climate and social issues and remained active in community groups. She stood for the East Gippsland Shire Council in 2016, was a Greens candidate at the 2018 Victorian state election for the seat of East Gippsland and at the 2019 federal election for the seat of Gippsland. Shortly after the 2019 election she was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died within a year.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deb-foskey-act-greens-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-deb-foskey-womens-environmental-leadership-australia-website\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-deb-foskey-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carney, Jodeen Terese", "Entry ID": "AWE4381", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carney-jodeen-terese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "A member of the Country Liberal Party, Jodeen Carney was elected to the Northern Territory Assembly representing the electorate of Araluen in 2001. She was re-elected in 2005 and 2008. She held the position of Leader of the Opposition from 2005 until 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carneys-chronicle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bromham, Ada", "Entry ID": "AWE4389", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bromham-ada\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Gobur, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Feminist, Political candidate, Temperance advocate", "Summary": "Ada Bromham spent her long life as a campaigner for the rights of women, children and Aboriginal people. She stood for parliament on two occasions; once in 1921 for the Western Australian Assembly and again in 1941 for the seat of Unley in the South Australian Parliament. She was a member and office bearer of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union from 1925 until her death in 1965. She was a member also of the Women's Service Guilds, which was affiliated with the Australian Federation of Women Voters.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bromham-ada-1881-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-ada-bromham-member-of-the-womens-christian-temperance-union-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Faust, Beatrice Eileen", "Entry ID": "AWE4414", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faust-beatrice-eileen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glenhuntly, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Churchill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's rights activist, Writer", "Summary": "A founding member of the Women's Electoral Lobby in 1972, Beatrice Faust was an activist for women's rights, particularly in relation to abortion law reform. She served as president of the Victorian Abortion Law Repeal Association in 1966. She co-founded the Victorian Union of Civil Liberties in 1965 and has lobbied for relaxation on censorship laws as well as on issues of equal opportunity for women. In 2001 she was awarded a Centenary Medal 'for service to the community through women's issues and in 2004 she was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia 'for service to the community in the areas of social, political and employment reform and through provoking debate and raising public awareness of issues affecting women's rights'.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-sex-and-pornography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-beatrice-faust-co-founder-of-the-victorian-council-of-civil-liberties-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julia-trubridge-freebury-further-papers-1960s-2004\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Greer, Germaine", "Entry ID": "AWE4415", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greer-germaine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Environmentalist, Feminist, Writer", "Summary": "Germaine Greer established her international reputation as a feminist through the publication of The Female Eunuch in 1970. As an academic her expertise was in English Literature, having completed a MA thesis on Byron at Sydney University and a PhD on Shakespeare at Cambridge University in 1967. While in London, she wrote for the radical paper Oz, espousing controversial views on the nature of feminism in that period. She has continued to contribute to the feminist debate from a libertarian perspective, but it is difficult to categorise her feminist position.\nIn 2003, Professor Greer received an Honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Melbourne. She received a Doctor of Letters (honoris causa) from the University of Sydney in 2005.\n", "Details": "Germain Greer was born in Melbourne, Australia on January 29, 1939. She was educated in Gardenvale at Star of the Sea College, a private convent school. In 1956, she was awarded a scholarship to enrol at the University of Melbourne where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in English and French literature and language.\nAfter finishing university in Melbourne, Greer relocated to Sydney where she eventually received a Master's degree in Romantic Poetry from the University of Sydney. Arguably, her experiences beyond university were just as important to the development of her thinking. She joined the bohemian Sydney Push movement and drifted into a series of beliefs that were anarchic and communist, identifying with each as a variant Marxist.\nGermaine Greer's Master's thesis The Development of Byron's Satiric Mode would earn her a Commonwealth Scholarship, which she used to pay for her doctoral studies at the University of Cambridge. While in England, she joined the all-women Newnham College. She also joined the amateur acting group, the Cambridge Footlights. This group helped connect Germaine Greer to the world of art and media production in London.\nGreer began writing under the pseudonym Rose Blight for Private Eye, a satirical magazine. She also wrote under the pseudonym Dr. G. for the magazine Oz.\nIn 1970, she published The Female Eunuch a call to arms that condemned gender-encoded norms and society's expectations that women should live vicariously through men. It caused a sensation in Britain, the United States and Australia, and thereafter was forever being reprinted and translated. She is a vehement opponent of women who ape men and join their hierarchies to become 'sisters in suits'. 'If women can see no future apart from joining the masculine elite on its own terms, our civilization will become more destructive than ever'.\nGreer has written prolifically about the obstacles placed in front of women writers and artists, as they have attempted to pursue their careers. She chronicles the minor role of women poets in Slip-shod Sybils. Recognition, Rejection and The Woman Poet and offers an anthology of female artists in The Obstacle Race. She continued to publish in the popular press about things that matter, and in recent years, she has become very outspoken about environmental matters. In her address to open Perth Writer's Festival in 2012, entitled 'Eco-Feminism Then and Now', she issued an environmental call to arms to women everywhere, to act to 'stem the tide of eco-side'. Women, she said, had historically been at the forefront of the environmental movement but Greer called for the women of today to do more and follow the unlikely example of the growing activism of the Country Women's Association against coal seam gas projects in Queensland and New South Wales.\nIn 2001 Greer purchased a property in the Gold Coast hinterland in Southern Queensland and founded the Friends of Gondwana Rainforest charity which manages the Cave Creek Rainforest Rehabilitation Scheme in Southern Queensland. In 2013 Greer sold her archive to the University of Melbourne, with proceeds to benefit Friends of Gondwana.\nSince acquiring the collection, The University of Melbourne has invested significant resources into cataloguing and preserving the Germaine Greer Archive. In mid-2014 the then University Archivist, Dr Katrina Dean, went to Professor Greer's house in Essex, England, to pack the carefully conserved collection up. This task took three weeks. Since then, additional deposits were made in 2016 and 2017. By March 2018, the entire archive had been catalogued.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-female-eunuch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sex-and-destiny-the-politics-of-human-fertility\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-obstacle-race-the-fortunes-of-women-painters-and-their-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-change-women-aging-and-the-menopause\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/publication-of-germaine-greers-the-female-eunuch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/germaine-greer-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-liberating-of-germaine-greer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/professor-germaine-greer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/germaine-greer-a-portrait\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greer-kicks-off-writers-festival\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-13\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-germaine-greer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dale-spender-papers-1972-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julia-trubridge-freebury-further-papers-1960s-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-germaine-greer-archive\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Connor, Ailsa Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4426", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oconnor-ailsa-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Artist, Teacher", "Summary": "Ailsa O'Connor was a radical artist who was a member of the Social Realist Group and the Contemporary Art Society in Melbourne. She joined the Communist party in 1944 and was a founding member of the Union of Australian Women in 1953. She participated in the feminist movement during the 1970s.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ailsa-oconnor-1921-1980-sculpture-paintings-and-drawings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "RoadKnight, Margret", "Entry ID": "AWE4428", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roadknight-margret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Singer", "Summary": "Margret RoadKnight was an activist in the women's liberation movement in Australia during the 1970s. She began her singing career in Melbourne in 1963. In 1973 she supported a women's liberation initiative, the She Concerts, which were held in Sydney and Melbourne. She was well-known for her song 'Girls in Our Town' which was one of the first songs to explore the isolation of young Australian married women living in suburbia. She has performed solo and in collaboration with many local and overseas performers, singing jazz, blues, folk, gospel and songs raising issues of social justice, both in Australia and overseas.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-margret-roadknight-musician-sound-recording-interviewed-by-peter-parkhill\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marchisotti, Daisy Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4432", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-daisy-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Journalist", "Summary": "Born in 1904, Daisy Marchisotti developed an interest in left-wing politics in the 1940s. She eventually joined the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) in the 1950s, giving up a better-paying job as a stenographer to work for the party. In 1964 she was part of a CPA women's delegation to the Soviet Union.\nMarchisotti took an active interest in indigenous affairs and was involved with the Queensland Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (QCAATI) and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI). She edited the Federal Council's newsletter and wrote articles on indigenous issues for FCAATSI and the CPA.\nIn 1982 she was still fighting for Aboriginal rights. After being arrested for joining an Aboriginal protest outside the Commonwealth Games venue in Brisbane, she told the magistrate: \"I am seventy-eight years old and a pensioner. I did not take part in my action lightly. [It was] my belief that the only way to change Queensland's racist laws was to take the action I did.\"\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-fighting-for\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/land-rights-the-black-struggle-an-outline\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-irving-daisy-elizabeth-volume-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-irving-daisy-elizabeth-volume-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-daisy-elizabeth-volume-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-daisy-elizabeth-volume-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-daisy-elizabeth-volume-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-irving-daisy-elizabeth-volume-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marchisotti-irving-daisy-elizabeth-volume-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daisy-marchisotti-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/terrible-wages-discrimination-1967\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kerr, Edith Amelia", "Entry ID": "AWE4442", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerr-edith-amelia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Patyah, Edenhope, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress, Missionary", "Summary": "Edith Kerr spent twenty years as a missionary for the Presbyterian church in Korea from 1921 until 1941, when the Japanese occupation of the country made her position dangerous. A trained primary school teacher, she held the position of principal of the Tongnai farm School, near Pusan from 1935. This school rehabilitated destitute women through vocational training. On her return home she continued her academic and theological education in addition to teaching at girls' private schools in Melbourne. She gained the distinction of becoming the first woman in the Presbyterian Church of Australia to gain a bachelor of divinity in 1946. In 1944 she applied to be accepted as a formal candidate for the ministry of the Presbyterian church, but was refused admission.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerr-edith-amelia-1893-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-presbyterian-mission-in-korea-1889-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ahern, Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4446", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ahern-elizabeth-lizzie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Albert Park, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political activist", "Summary": "Lizzie Ahern was an early member of the Abbotsford branch of the Political Labour Council of Victoria, joining in about 1904, and the Victorian Socialist Party. She became well-known for her speeches on the Yarra Bank. She served on the Executive Committee of the Victorian Socialist Party in 1906-08, 1910 and 1917-18. She resigned from the Political Labour Council late in 1907, but rejoined in 1916, after spending time in Broken Hill and Adelaide. She was an active trade unionist and secretary of the Women's Anti-conscription committee in 1916. In addition she was a delegate to the Labor Women's Central Organising Committee from 1916 until 1934.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ahern-elizabeth-1877-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bennetts, Rosalie", "Entry ID": "AWE4451", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennetts-rosalie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Traralgon, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Koo Wee Rup, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Manager, Office worker", "Summary": "Rosalie Bennetts grew up on a dairy farm in Gippsland, Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosalie-bennetts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosalie-bennetts-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dick, Muriel", "Entry ID": "AWE4454", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dick-muriel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Garfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, social activist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "In 1994 Muriel Dick was 73 years old and running a farm in Southern Victoria. Her husband had died some fourteen years earlier and she was managing things herself.\n", "Details": "Muriel Dick's mother was from the country (around Omeo in Victoria) but her father was from the city, working as a carpenter for the railways. He loved the countryside, though, and so retired to acres at Warburton, in Victoria. Her parents bought twenty acres, split them into blocks and built houses on them for sale. Muriel remembers the days of her childhood fondly. She liked the freedom and basking in her father's pride. 'He gave me strengths that are usually given in a male world.-, she said. 'I had two dancing classes - skipping around and riding racehorses. It was a wonderful teenage life.' Her father adored her. Her parents lost a son in a drowning accident and after that, the focus was her. Other children followed but she was the lucky one.\nAfter marrying, she lived in east Melbourne for a while, before coming back to the land. Her husband came from farming stock and channelled everything into getting a property. They purchased one in the early 1960s. Despite living on acreage as a child, Muriel acknowledges that she had never really had much experience of farming prior to moving onto their farm.\nMuriel's husband was nineteen and half years older than her, with very firm views on who was responsible for raising their two small children. 'Look, even a heifer can look after its calf', he told her when she was at the end of her tether one day. Whilst the children were small, she had very little to do with the everyday running of the farm. 'My place was in the house, really, and the garden, and with the children, but if he needed help, you know, you worked like a dog!'\nOnce the children were off to school, she started to get more involved . 'I got quite fond of cows. I could pat them and talk to them, and I had an affinity with them, and I was glad. It filled in some part of my life, actually'. But still her life really centred around her children, the house, the garden, in the community and following the children though school. Says Muriel, 'I was very keen, very ambitious, for my children too move on and I gave them all the support.'\nWhen her husband died in 1980 she determined to stay on the farm and even though she didn't have a lot of knowledge about how to run it she had done the books and so she had a 'good functional idea of how things ran'. It wasn't however, 'without a lot of pain' that she became a sole operator. All the same, she says, 'it's been wonderful, because what I've really done is walk into myself; I've found myself as a person'.\nShe has an 'alternative' view of calving and running cows. She doesn't like dogs chasing them and has a bit of an 'open gate' policy when it comes to caring for them because thinks that 'a cow can look after its calf better than I can.' She can afford to adopt this method, however, because she is older and her property is freehold.\nMuriel was very much into the women's groups in the area. And believes she has been into 'empowering women \u2026 all my life.' She remains involved in a group which is the continuation of the 'Women on Farms' groups established in the mid 1980s. Over the years, she has 'Some of the women,' she says, 'were under the influence of their husbands but now they've moved out of the shadows into the sunshine a bit.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/muriel-dick\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/muriel-dick-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McMillan, Jennifer", "Entry ID": "AWE4472", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcmillan-jennifer\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Maffra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Agriculturalist, Farmer, Scientist", "Summary": "Jennifer McMillan was a nominee for the ABC Rural Woman of the year Award in 1997. She and her husband ran a dairy farm near Rosedale in Gippsland, Victoria.\n", "Details": "Jennifer McMillan was born in Maffra, Victoria, in the heart of the Macalister irrigation district. Her father was granted a soldier settlement block at Denison in 1951, and her parents dairy farmed there. When she finished school she worked as a herd tester (testing milk volume composition for fat and protein) in the dairy industry until she married.\nHerd testing was a job that a lot of young women did at the time. She worked in the Bunyip district, visiting a round of twenty farms per month. Most testers stayed on the farms, coming home only on the weekends. The job has changed sign. They can collect samples and then bring them to the lab.\nJennifer's husband was also a herd tester; that is how they - moved into a variety of share farming positions before buying their own farm at Rosedale in 1980. They bought and adjoining block of land in 1986.\nJennifer and her husband split the work between them. She is the herd manager and her husband in the farm manager. She also manages the financial records. She is extremely knowledgeable in the science of artificial insemination of breeding stock. She never had formal education in the process, she just picked up knowledge as she went along.\nJennifer has taken an interest in farming organisations beyond her own front gate. She has served as president of the Victorian branch of United Dairy Farmers and secretary of the district council of that same organisation. She has been vice-chair of the East Gippsland Rural Financial Counselling Committee; a board member of the School of Primary Industries at the local college of Technical and Further Education (TAFE); a board member of the Macalister Research Farm and has serves on the course advisory committee of the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA).\n", "Events": "Nominated for ABC Rural Woman of the Year in Victoria (1997 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennifer-mcmillan-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ross-Watt, Blanche Muriel Eugenie", "Entry ID": "AWE4476", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ross-watt-blanche-muriel-eugenie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Gisborne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "New Gisborne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Local government councillor", "Summary": "Blanche Ross-Watt was born into a conservative politically active family. She was a member and local president of the Women's National League before she was elected to the Gisborne Shire Council in 1925. In 1927 she was one of fourteen women appointed justices of the peace in Victoria. She was elected Shire President in 1931 and again in 1939. Her community work was acknowledged with her appointment as OBE in 1949. She retired from the council in 1950.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ross-watt-blanche-muriel-eugenie-1861-1956\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-the-numbers-women-in-local-government\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Sally", "Entry ID": "AWE4478", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cohuna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Farmer", "Summary": "Sally Mitchell was the Victorian state winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1994.\n", "Details": "Sally Mitchell was the inaugural winner of the Victorian ABC radio Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1994. From a dairy farm at Torrumbarry, on the Murray River near Echuca, she said, 'I accept this award on behalf of all the women in Victoria who get up at 5.30 every morning and milk the cows, sow the fields and do whatever they do, and do it well. Then they \u2026 get the breakfast, do the washing, get the kids to school \u2026 and it just goes on.'\nThe routine of Sally's life is typical of that of many women on the land, except that at the time she won the award, Sally was unexpectedly managing the routine on her own. In August 1989, Sally and her husband invested all they had in a dairy farm, deciding for various reasons that they wanted to establish their own farming business, rather than work on her husband's family farm. Two years later, around Christmas, he slipped into a coma, the result of brain injury caused by a congenital cyst. He died in June 1992 and three weeks later, their daughter was born.\nWhat happened next it testimony to Sally's remarkable courage and the strength of the support she got from her family and the community. Life immediately after the tragedy was stressful and emotionally charged, and Sally knew that in that state of mind, she should make no big decisions about what to do next. She stayed, and with the help of a life insurance policy payout, purchased more land, so she could run more cows, which meant she could afford to employ someone to help. She worked incredibly hard herself, noting the importance of the physical work to her own survival and capacity to cope. Being busy was great therapy, not only because it took her mind off things but because it enabled her to sleep.\nSally knew it would have been important to her husband that his child be brought up on the farm. With the passage of time and the support of family and friends, Sally came to the conclusion that staying wouldn't only be the right sentimental decision, it would be a good business decision. Supported by most of the local community in her quest to manage the farm, Ms Mitchell said the occasional traditionalist forecast doom: 'Never to my face; nobody would be game enough to say that to my face.' In any case, they would have had to eat their words. In the two-and-a-half years after the death of her husband, Sally expanded her property, doubled her dairy stock and adopted innovative farm practices.\nIt was her mother and sister who nominated Sally for the award, and she suspects that it was the novelty of her story as a single woman running and growing the business which tipped her over the line, because it really wasn't common at the time. If she thought she was busy before winning, it was taken to a whole new level afterwards! She was invited to join several boards and advisory councils, and discovered she had real skills in public speaking, thus making herself a much wanted commodity at public events. She also began to establish a career in agri-politics, serving as a central councillor for United Dairy Farmers and on the board of Goulburn Murray Water.\nNot that she resented most of the activity, because it opened her up to a world of opportunities and experiences she would not otherwise have had. The schedule of public speaking engagements that came with the award opened her eyes to the extent of rural women's marginalisation. Because she was a confident woman capable of speaking out, she simply wasn't aware of the number of women who did not share that confidence. She was invited to join the Victorian Government's newly established Women's Advisory Council and was amazed by the extent to which women were marginalised from decision making in most organisations, not just rural organisations. She was confronted by the constraints placed upon women from other cultural contexts. She learned how lacking in financial nous many ordinary women were and realised how crucial this knowledge was in establishing gender equity.\nMost importantly, she was distressed to learn through her travels how many women were insecure about their own abilities. 'The greatest obstacle to rural women is themselves,' she said, adding that 'poor self-confidence' is what holds back most country women. It's a mindset she recognises herself, because she admitted to feeling uncomfortable seeking recognition for her work. 'It's about overcoming a mental barrier more than anything,' she believes. 'You think you're not special or different, but when you step forward you realise you actually are. That being the case, she believed that the ABC rural radio awards were a vital to encourage rural achievers. 'Women don't realise their own potential or the extent of what they have achieved, and that's not just rural women.'\nWhile Sally herself didn't get much enjoyment from her involvement on industry boards, she hopes that other women will get involved and believed that the ABC award played an important role in getting women to step up to that responsibility, 'because it helped women to become more accepted both on farm and in farming-related managerial positions.' In her opinion, industry organisations would work better with more women involved because women, by virtue of the frequent need for them to work off farm, have a bigger picture view of what works. This often means that they are the more 'strategic' thinkers in farming partnerships while men are focussed on the operational matters. There is an important place, therefore, for women at the board table, not just the kitchen table. The ABC award taught her that if you 'believe in yourself,' you can sit there if you want to\n", "Events": "Winner - ABC Victorian Rural Woman of the Year (1994 - 1994)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1994-abc-rural-woman-of-the-year-state-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sally-sets-fine-example\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lack-of-esteem-hinders-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vision-that-survived-a-personal-tragedy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laborers-of-love-tend-the-farm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sally-mitchell-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-rural-women-of-the-year-award-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bleazby, Elizabeth Hannah", "Entry ID": "AWE4483", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bleazby-elizabeth-hannah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor", "Summary": "Elizabeth Bleazby served as a local government councillor for Brighton from 1929-1946. Daughter of a former Brighton councillor and premier of Victoria, Sir Thomas Bent, she was imbued with politics from an early age. She stood for election to the local council three times before she succeeded.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-the-numbers-women-in-local-government\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lambert, Violet Barry", "Entry ID": "AWE4484", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lambert-violet-barry\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Footscray, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Berwick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Grazier, Local government councillor", "Summary": "Violet Lambert was one of the first women to be elected to local government in Victoria. In 1931 she was elected to the Shire of Fern Tree Gully and served as the representative for the south riding for twenty-eight years, which included a term as shire president from 1946-47. She was a founding member of the Australian Local Government Women's Association, presiding over its Victorian branch from 1952-56. In 1957 she was appointed OBE. Her major achievements included the establishment of the shire's first permanent baby health centre and its first emergency housekeeping service.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lambert-violet-barry-1898-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dalley, Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE4493", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dalley-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kewell, near Minyip, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Local government councillor, Mayor", "Summary": "Ma Dalley was a successful businesswoman who became involved in community matters and ultimately was elected to the Kew City Council in 1948, serving as its mayor in 1960. She was a founding and life member of the Australian Local Government Women's Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dalley-marie-ma-1880-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cascarret, Clare Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE4494", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cascarret-clare-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Minyip, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Councillor", "Summary": "Clare Cascarret was a successful business woman who worked with her mother, Marie (Ma) Dalley, in the family business. She served as a councillor on the Melbourne City Council from 1967 -76.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cascarret-clare-josephine-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Postlethwaite, Yvonne", "Entry ID": "AWE4497", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/postlethwaite-yvonne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Community stalwart, Farmer", "Summary": "Yvonne Postlethwaite is a prominent member of the St Arnaud, Victoria community, where she is business manager of a grain farm. She is involved in a range of community groups including the Community Resource Centre, Development and Tourism Association, Community Capacity Building Initiative, Grains Industry Training Network and was a former North Central Catchment Management Authority Implementation Committee member.\nShe was awarded Kara Kara Citizen of the year for Services to Agriculture in 1991. She was a member of Wimmera Conservation Farming Association, secretary of St. Arnaud and District Business Forum and will was the first woman President of the Rotary Club of St Arnaud.\nYvonne has a strong commitment to natural resource management through sustainable agricultural practices. She was awarded a PhD in that field from University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agronomy and Farming Systems.\nShe was a state winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year award in 1997. She represented the Western & South Western region of Victoria.\n", "Events": "Winner - ABC Victorian Rural Woman of the Year (1997 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1997-abc-victoria-rural-woman-of-the-year-award-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sustainability-of-dryland-cropping-systems-in-the-wimmera-region-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Briggs, Jill", "Entry ID": "AWE4498", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/briggs-jill\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Farmer, Management consultant", "Summary": "Jill Briggs was a regional winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year award in 1997. She represented the North East region in Victoria. She is a partner in a third generation family farm in Rutherglen, Victoria, where they manage a 600 acre cattle and cereal crop farm, and has developed a fine reputation in leadership training and management consulting in the primary industry sector. She is the managing director of the firm Rural Training Initiatives.\nJill has worked with rural industries and communities since 1985 when she began work as a secondary teacher. She moved into the tertiary\/vocational sector developing her expertise in the area of Adult learning.\nJill has also had an active community profile, as a member of the of the National Committee for Australian Women in Agriculture (AWIA). She has attended a number of fora at an international and national level including the International Agricultural Women's Conference, and she was invited to attend the 2020 summit in 2008. She was recently one of a group of women from AWIA to travel to Papua New Guinea to start the conversations with PNG women and to them with their vision for a national group to assist in networking between the many local groups, and to give the women a strong voice to government.\n", "Events": "Nominated for ABC Rural Woman of the Year in Victoria (1997 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1997-abc-victoria-rural-woman-of-the-year-award-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Condliffe, Colleen Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4499", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/condliffe-colleen-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community stalwart, Farmer, Local government councillor", "Summary": "Colleen Condliffe runs a farm with her husband at Salisbury West, in central Victoria. She was a regional winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year award in 1997. In 2009 she was honoured with inclusion on the Victorian honour roll for women.\nColleen has an impressive record of community involvement. She has contributed to the development committee for the Breakfast in Schools Program, is a member of the Country Women's Association and has joined numerous farming bodies including Victorian Farmers Federation. She was the first woman elected to Loddon Shire Council, serving for nine years on a diverse range of committees. She formed the Landcare group at Salisbury West and organised the 1997 Women on Farms Gathering at Bendigo. In 2002 she represented Australia at the third World Congress for Rural Women, held in Spain.\nIn her local community, she is well known for her role in establishing Australia Help, an organisation that delivers assistance, particularly food, to families in need.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2009 - 2009)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1997-abc-victoria-rural-woman-of-the-year-award-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-honour-roll-of-women-2009\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young, Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE4500", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer", "Summary": "Ann Young has lived in the North Western Region of Victoria for decades. She and her husband have a run a stone fruit operation at Woorinen (near Swan Hill) for over thirty years. Ann's world has been to maintain all farm records for the 35 acre property as well as draw together applications for finance. She was as important member of a group who moved to have a centralised packing shed established in Swan Hill.\nAnn has also worked off farm at Swan Hill TAFE, where she has taught a variety of courses, including a series on the use and handling of farm chemicals. She provides a range of courses on behalf of Horticultural Development & Consultancy Pty Ltd, chiefly in the area of developing leadership and management skills. She has been involved in teaching leadership skills to rural women.\n", "Events": "Nominated for ABC Rural Woman of the Year in Victoria (1997 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1997-abc-victoria-rural-woman-of-the-year-award-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Condon, Doris Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE4501", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/condon-doris-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor", "Summary": "Doris Condon served as a councillor for the South Melbourne City from 1962 until 1975, and as Mayor in 1969. She was a member of the Australian Labor Party. In 1957 she was appointed Justice of the Peace and joined the women's committee of the Honorary Justices Association. A member of the Australian Local Government Women's Association, she served as Victorian state president in 1968 and national president from 1971-72. In 1975 she was appointed Member of the Order of Australia in recognition of her service to local government.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/condon-doris-catherine-1918-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burke, Shirley Olga", "Entry ID": "AWE4520", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burke-shirley-olga\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warragul, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Parkdale?, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Local government councillor, Mayor, Solicitor", "Summary": "Shirley Burke was elected to the Mordialloc City Council in 1958, representing the Ward of Parkdale. She served as its mayor from 1961-62 and resigned from Council in 1964. The Shirley Burke Theatre in Parkdale is named in her honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-olga-burke-solicitor-and-councillor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sheehan, Ellen", "Entry ID": "AWE4524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sheehan-ellen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor", "Summary": "Nellie Sheehan was the first woman to be elected to the Castlemaine Borough Council in 1942 and was the municipality's first woman mayor from 1954-55.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sheehan-james-michael-1885-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tilson, Doris Myra Oulton", "Entry ID": "AWE4531", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tilson-doris-myra-oulton\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor", "Summary": "Doris Tilson served as a councillor on the Wangaratta Borough Council from 1952-54 and was its first female mayor in 1954. In 1953 she received a Coronation medal for her work with the Wangaratta District Base Hospital and the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind. Her ongoing commitment to community service was rewarded with her appointment as a Life Governor of both institutions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Weeks, Daisy Ellen Rebecca", "Entry ID": "AWE4536", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weeks-daisy-ellen-rebecca\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Werribee, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Alexandra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Shire president", "Summary": "Daisy Weeks served as a councillor on the Alexandra Shire Council, Victoria from 1940-61 and held the position of Shire President in 1954. In 1956 she was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her service as a shire councillor. The Shire was abolished in 1994 and the area now forms part of the Shire of Murrindindi.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooper, Kathleen Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4550", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-kathleen-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Local government councillor, Nurse, Shire president", "Summary": "Kathleen Cooper served as a local government councillor for the Shire of Alexandra, Victoria from 1970-76 and served as the Shire President in 1980.\n", "Events": "Awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) 'in recognition of service to the community and local government' (1984 - 1984)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McIntyre, Catherine Margaret Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4551", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcintyre-catherine-margaret-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Altona, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor", "Summary": "Katherine McIntyre served as a local government councillor for the Shire of Altona, Victoria from 1957-60.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coull, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE4576", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coull-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nhill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Local government councillor, Nurse, Shire president", "Summary": "Judith Coull served as a councillor for the Shire of Buninyong, Victoria from 1979-94. She became the first female Shire president in 1988 and retained the position until 1990. She continues to serve her community as a member of the Board of Management of Central Highlands Water, president of the Ballarat YMCA and member of Zonta Ballarat.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliament-and-local-government-an-updated-history-1975-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wright, Penelope (Penny) Lesley", "Entry ID": "AWE4583", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wright-penelope-penny-lesley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Red Cliffs, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Lawyer, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Penny Wright, a member of the Australian Greens party, was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia representing the state of South Australia. She took her seat in the Senate on 1 July 2011, resigning on 10 September 2015.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKenzie, Bridget", "Entry ID": "AWE4584", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckenzie-bridget\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Alexandra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher, University teacher", "Summary": "A member of the National Party of Australia, Bridget McKenzie was elected to the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Victoria at the federal election, which was held on 21 August 2010. Her term began on 1 July 2011 and she served as Nationals Whip in the Senate from September 2013 until June 2014.\nBridget previously stood as a candidate for the seat of McMillan in the House of Representatives at the 2004 federal election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/make-mcmillan-matter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Dwyer, Kelly Megan", "Entry ID": "AWE4585", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/odwyer-kelly-megan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Box Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Political advisor", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Kelly O'Dwyer was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament at a by-election for the electorate of Higgins, Victoria, which was held on 5 December 2009, on the retirement of Peter Costello, former Treasurer in the Howard Government. She was re-elected at the election, which was held on 21 August 2010 and again in 2013, when the Liberal Party, in coalition with the National Party, won government. She was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer from December 2014 to September 2015, when she became Minister for Small Business and Assistant Treasurer.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brodtmann, Gai Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE4597", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brodtmann-gai-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Parliamentarian, Public servant", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Gai Brodtmann was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, at the 2010 federal election, and served in that role until 2019.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ms-gai-brodtmann-parliament-of-australia-website\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jarvis, Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE4656", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jarvis-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tallangatta, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer", "Summary": "Ann Jarvis was a Regional winner (North East Victoria) of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1994.\n", "Events": "Australian Dairy Industry Council (2014 - 2014) \nAustralian Farm Management Society (1990 - ) \nAustralian Farm Management Society (Albury\/Wodonga Branch) (1972 - 1972) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2005 - 2005)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1994-abc-rural-woman-of-the-year-regional-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moorhouse, Jocelyn", "Entry ID": "AWE4728", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moorhouse-jocelyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Director, Producer, Scriptwriter", "Summary": "Jocelyn Moorhouse has worked in both the Australian television and film industry. After the success of her debut feature film, Proof (1991), Moorhouse produced and directed big budget Hollywood films.\nMoorhouse was born in September 1960, in Victoria, Australia. After she completed her Higher School Certificate at Vermont High School in 1978, Moorhouse enrolled in the Australian Film, Television and Radio School (AFTRS).\nIn 1983, while studying, Moorhouse wrote and directed her first short film, Pavane. She graduated from AFTRS in 1984 and began work as a television script editor.\nMoorhouse worked on such television shows as The Flying Doctors (1990-1991),Out of the Blue (1991), A Place to Call Home (1990), The Humpty Dumpty Man (1986).\nHer short film The Siege of Barton's Bathroom (1986) was developed into a book and a twelve part television series.\nIn 1991, she released her feature film debut Proof. Moorhouse wrote and directed the film which was funded entirely by Government sources. Proof is now recognised as a key contemporary Australian film.\nIn 1994, she produced the Australian classic,Muriel's Wedding, directed by her husband, P.J. Hogan.\nHer next two films were big budget Hollywood productions. Both films received mixed reviews and did not achieve the acclaim ofProof. In 1995, Moorhouse directed How to Make an American Quilt. The film focused upon a group of woman who share their stories and family histories through flashback while sewing a wedding quilt. In 1997, Moorhouse directed A Thousand Acres, based on the Pulitzer Prize winning novel by Jane Smiley. Based on Shakespeare's King Lear, the film explored the relationship between a father and his three daughters in the face of tragedy.\nIn 2002, Moorhouse wrote and Produced Unconditional Love (P.J. Hogan). In 2003, she was executive producer of Peter Pan (P.J. Hogan).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-companion-to-australian-film\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/muriels-wedding\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-make-an-american-quilt\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jocelyn-moorhouse-film-director-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/proof-original-release\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-siege-of-bartons-bathroom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pavane\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLeish, Cindy", "Entry ID": "AWE4741", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcleish-cindy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Chief Executive Officer, Politician, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Cindy McLeish was elected as the Member for Seymour in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in November 2010. As a result of the electoral redivision of 2012-13, she was elected to the new Legislative Assembly seat of Eildon at the November 2014 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Curphey, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE4780", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/curphey-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artistic director, Music teacher, Musician", "Summary": "Judith Curphey OAM was the founder and Artistic Director of the Australian Girls Choir. Judith enjoyed a successful career as a classroom music teacher before starting the Choir upon her retirement in 1984.\nJudith wanted to challenge the accepted convention that boys sing 'better' than girls, and create a female choir with a uniquely Australian sound and high artistic standards, a group of girls and young women which could dance as well as sing, and was renowned for its quality of presentation. She was still playing an integral role with repertoire selection, performance direction and staff mentoring into her nineties.\nThe Choir has grown from just 150 choristers in Melbourne, to now over 3,500 choristers in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney. Since its formation it has toured to destinations all over the world, and has performed for dignitaries including President Barack Obama, Queen Elizabeth II, The Honourable Julia Gillard AC and Pope Benedict XVI.\n\u00a0\n", "Events": "at Presbyterian Ladies College, Perth, Western Australia (1943 - 1943) \nAwarded an Order of Australia Medal (OAM) for services to music, particularly through the Australian Girls Choir. (2004 - 2004) \nBorn in Melbourne, Victoria (1929 - 1929) \nCommences career as classroom music teacher at The MacRobertson Girls' High School (1963 - 1965) \nDaughter Jane Curphey is born (1957 - 1957) \nFounder and Artistic Director of the Australian Girls Choir (AGC). Auditions girls around schools in Melbourne and selects 150 girls who attended the first rehearsal on 7 March 1984 at Burwood State College (now Deakin University). (1984 - ) \nMarries Rex Curphey, moves to London. Works as a piano accompanist at a ballet school. (1953 - 1953) \nMoved with Family to Perth, Western Australia (1935 - 1935) \nMoves to Kew High School as a music teacher, becomes Head of Music (1966 - 1974) \nMoves to Ringwood High School (now Ringwood Secondary College) as Director of Music (1975 - 1983) \nRetruns to Melbourne, enters Melbourne Conservatorium of Music and completes Performers' Diploma (1948 - 1948) \nReturns to Melbourne (1956 - 1956) \nSchooled as a boarder at Loreto Convent, Perth, Western Australia (Now John XXIII College) (1938 - 1938) \nSon Simon Curphey is born (1955 - 1955)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pinner, Mancell Gwenneth", "Entry ID": "AWE4790", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pinner-mancell-gwenneth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Radiologist", "Summary": "Gwen Pinner was a significant figure in the medical profession in Canberra. In addition to her work as a radiologist, she conducted a tuberculosis survey of the Australian Capital Territories and Queanbeyan and was involved in the establishment of the John James Memorial Hospital. As a child, however, it was her role of presenting a bouquet to the Duchess of York at the opening of Parliament House in 1927 that created an enduring image.\n", "Details": "Mancell Gwenneth Pinner was born on 24 June 1922 in Melbourne, the eldest daughter of John Thomas Pinner and Mancell Jeanott (n\u00e9e Drysdale). Her father, chief accountant and a member of the Expropriation Board of New Guinea, was in New Guinea at the time of her birth and was stationed there for much of her early childhood. In 1926 the family moved to Canberra where John had been appointed assistant-accountant in the Federal Capital Commission.\nAged four, Gwen was selected from a ballot of some 500 children, to present a bouquet of roses to the Duchess of York at the opening of Parliament House on 9 May 1927. Dressed in a new white frock and bonnet for the occasion, she was accompanied up the steps by Captain J.H. Honeysett, a World War I veteran who lived next door to her family. Although Gwen later recalled little of the day, it was reported that she 'appeared to feel no embarrassment in the presence of her Royal Highness, and, having carried out her part, skipped gaily across the lawn back to her waiting mother.'\nInitially the family lived in Ainslie and Gwen attended Ainslie Public School. Dux in her final year, she was awarded a scholarship to attend the Canberra Church of England Girls' Grammar School (CCEGGS) in 1934. Three years later the family moved to Deakin where Gwen and her sister, Jean, could walk across the paddocks to the school. At CCEGGS Gwen continued to excel: she captained the Basketball and Tennis teams; won the 1938 Lady Isaacs Prize for the best essay by a school girl; and was School Captain and Dux in her final two years. In 1939 Gwen was awarded a Canberra scholarship by the Canberra University College to assist her studies in medicine at the University of Melbourne. She was one of eight female graduates whose degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery were conferred in March 1945.\nGwen began working as an intern at the Royal Melbourne Hospital but she contracted tuberculosis and her recovery entailed a year-long stay in hospital and a further year recuperating away from work. It was an experience that probably led to her appointment as head of a survey team examining the incidence of tuberculous infection in the Australian Capital Territory and Queanbeyan for the Commonwealth Department of Health (part of an Australia-wide programme aimed at eradicating tuberculosis). The survey was conducted over several months in 1949 and involved about half the population volunteering to receive a preliminary tuberculin skin test. Tests were conducted in schools, offices, shops, hostels, hotels and at a regular clinic in the old hospital buildings at Acton. In June, Gwen conducted skin tests on Members of Parliament as part of a publicity campaign to encourage participation in the survey. While the incidence of active tuberculosis was low, Gwen believed there was considerable educational value in the survey as it resulted in a population that was 'tuberculosis conscious'. The next year she conducted a similar survey of 904 people on Norfolk Island.\nGwen returned to the Royal Melbourne Hospital working as an assistant radiologist. She continued to study and was awarded a Diploma of Diagnostic Radiology in 1952. Two years later she became the first woman to be awarded the Thomas Baker Memorial Fellowship to study radiology abroad. Gwen departed in early 1955 for London. During her eighteen months overseas she spent time in several countries including Britain, Sweden, and America. Striving to gain the most benefit from the fellowship, she divided her time between working as an honorary assistant in hospitals; studying short courses; attending seminars and symposiums; and observing doctors.\nGwen returned from abroad to the family home in Canberra and joined Ron Hoy and Bruce Collings at their practice. She also worked as a consultant radiologist at the Royal Canberra Hospital and, over the years, served on various hospital committees. In 1965, Gwen, along with a number of colleagues, founded Canberra's first private hospital, John James Memorial Hospital. By the 1960s and 1970s she was considered 'the dominant figure in radiology in Canberra'. Gwen had been elected to the Fellowship of the Faculty of Radiologists (London) in 1957 and to the Fellowship of the College of Radiologists of Australasia in 1964. In 1984 she became the first female President of the Royal Australasian College of Radiologists. She retired in 1987.\nIn 1988, sixty-one years after presenting the bouquet to the Duchess of York, Gwen attended the opening of the new Parliament House and was presented to Queen Elizabeth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/births\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/problem-of-conflicting-loyalties-among-graduates\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burrawai-the-magazine-of-the-canberra-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burrawai-the-magazine-of-the-canberra-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bouquets-for-the-duchess\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ainslie-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-college\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-grammar-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scholarships\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-grammar-school-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/t-b-skin-tests-for-ms-p\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-gwen-pinner-to-study-radiology-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-day-a-duchess-smiled-on-a-nations-capital\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dr-gwenneth-mancell-pinner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-mancell-gwenneth-pinner-1922-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-opening-of-parliament-at-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-directory-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pinner-john-thomas-1888-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-tuberculosis-survey-of-norfolk-island\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-an-epidemiological-survey-of-the-australian-capital-territory-and-queanbeyan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-the-thomas-baker-memorial-fellow-for-1954-to-the-college-of-radiologists-of-australasia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/two-parliamentary-openings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/at-parliament-house\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shadows-and-substance-the-history-of-the-royal-australian-and-new-zealand-college-of-radiologists-1949-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-calendar-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-calendar-1953\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pinner-place\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gwen-pinner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-opening-of-canberra-by-his-royal-highness-the-duke-of-york\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zepps-katrina-1918-1981\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-visit-may-1927-the-duchess-of-york-receiving-a-bouquet-from-a-young-girl-gwen-pinner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-visit-may-1927-the-duchess-of-york-receiving-a-bouquet-from-gwen-pinner-copy-photograph\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/duchess-of-york-receiving-flowers-from-gwen-pinner-at-the-opening-of-parliament-house-canberra-1927-picture-w-j-mildenhall\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooke, Frederica", "Entry ID": "AWE4797", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooke-frederica\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sandhurst, Victoria", "Occupations": "Midwife", "Details": "Frederica Georgina Wheeler was born on 29th January 1897 to Phoebe Clarke (nee Morgan) a boarding house keeper and Frederick George Wheeler, a commercial traveller, storekeeper and miner. She attended school in Echuca in Victoria and at the age of 18, on 12 October 1888, she married widower Robert Cooke aged 40 in Melbourne. She had two stepdaughters, Jean and Bella and three children of her own, Clive, Phoebe (Tottie) and Frances (Fanny).\nRobert died of bronchitis and pneumonia in 1904 leaving her a young widow with no particular skills to support herself. She trained as a midwife, because as her granddaughter wrote,\n'Faced with the need to support her family she decided against shopkeeping. Domestic service was beneath her dignity.'\nIn 1904, leaving her youngest daughter Frances in Victoria, she moved to Boulder in Western Australia to take up her profession. One of her first patients was her daughter Tottie. ' Nurse Cooke attended the birth of over a thousand babies and never lost a mother or a full term child'. She briefly conducted a small private hospital, but most patients preferred to be delivered at home, so she continued to give women that service.\nIn March 1917 she married again to a farmer James Glasson but found life on the farm too primitive, so returned to practise midwifery in Boulder and to care for her grandchildren.\nShe died in 1955.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-misfortunes-of-phoebe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smith, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4806", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Argyle Flats, Heathcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "West Leederville, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hotel owner", "Summary": "Mary Smith nee Steedman was the first white woman to live in Bardoc, approximately 30 km from Kalgoorlie. She ran the Bardoc Hotel from 1896 until 1924.\n", "Details": "Mary Dudley left Victoria for the goldfields of Western Australia in 1893 with her husband Lionel, her brother Timothy Steedman and her four children Lionel, Fred, Adelaide and Rene. The family travelled by boat, The Bothwell Castle, by train to Southern Cross and by wagon to Coolgardie. The journey to Coolgardie took eight days. In 1894 the family moved to Bardoc, where Lionel sold liquor to miners from a wayside shanty, building the more substantial Bardoc Hotel two years later in 1896. Lionel died that same year leaving Mary to run the hotel with the help of her family.\nShe married miner William Smith in January 1900 and in 1903 a daughter Kathleen Mary was born. She continued to run the Bardoc Hotel cleaning, cooking for boarders and tending the bar. Even a dose of Spanish Influenza in 1919 failed to deter her. Her daughter Kathleen worked as a housemaid and waitress.\nMary's second husband died in 1916, but she remained at Bardoc, leaving only when the mining population dwindled and it became unprofitable to continue.\nIn 1924, after a lifetime of hard labour, Mary sold the hotel and retired to Perth with Kathleen. She was 64.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crow, Kimberley", "Entry ID": "AWE4826", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crow-kimberley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Rower", "Summary": "Kimberley Crow is an Australian Olympic Champion. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janiero in Rowing, in the Women's Single Sculls.\nCrow has also served as Chair of the Athlete's Commission for the Australian Olympic Committee.\nIn 2017 she was became a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia 'for significant service to rowing, to the welfare of elite athletes, to sport as a gold medallist at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and to the community'.\n", "Events": "For significant service to rowing, to the welfare of elite athletes, to sport as a gold medallist at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and to the community (2017 - 2017) \nRowing - Single Sculls (2016 - 2016) \nRowing - women's double sculls (2012 - 2012) \nRowing - women's single sculls (2012 - 2012)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Allan, Frances Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4839", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allan-frances-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory", "Occupations": "Community activist, Statistician, University lecturer", "Summary": "A brilliant, prize-winning student in mathematics at the University of Melbourne, Betty Allan won a scholarship to carry out postgraduate studies in mathematics, applied biology, statistics and agriculture at Cambridge University where she studied at Newnham College. In Canberra in 1930 she was appointed to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research's Division of Plant Industry, as its first biometrician. During the 1930s she also lectured in Statistical Theory and Pure Mathematics at Canberra University College and in Agriculture at the Australian Forestry School. In 1940 following her marriage in April to Dr Patrick Calvert, an assistant research officer at the Division of Plant Industry, she was a victim of the marriage bar in the Public Service which prevented the employment of married women but was able to gain government approval to work until the end of the year. During the war she continued to lecture part-time at the Forestry School and to do part-time work for the Bureau of Census and Statistics. Following the birth of her son, Allan, in 1941 she was active in Canberra community organisations supporting mothers and children. She was secretary of the Canberra Nursery Kindergarten Society (1943-1944) and president of the Canberra Mothercraft Society (1944-1946). She died at the age of 47.\n", "Details": "Frances Elizabeth Allan was born in the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda on 11 July 1905, the third of four daughters of Edwin Frank Allan and Stella May Allan (nee Henderson). Her mother was the well-known journalist 'Vesta', who was editor of the Argus's women's section for nearly 30 years, after beginning her career as the first female member of the press gallery in Wellington, New Zealand. Her father, a leader writer on the Argus, had previously been a prominent journalist in New Zealand after resigning from the British Foreign Service.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allan-frances-elizabeth-betty-1905-1952-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clark, Hilma Dymphna", "Entry ID": "AWE4844", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clark-hilma-dymphna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Linguist, Teacher", "Summary": "Born to Belgian and Scandinavian parents, Hilma Dymphna Lodewyckx grew up surrounded by languages which, combined with a natural talent, saw her master over eight languages and become a successful linguist. Her most ambitious and important work was a translation from German to English of Baron Carl von H\u00fcgel's New Holland Journal. After meeting her future husband Manning Clark at Melbourne University, the couple journeyed to Germany and England, respectively, to continue their studies. They married at Oxford in 1939. Returning to Australia to escape the war in Europe, the couple and their growing family eventually settled in Canberra where Manning took up a position at what would become the Australian National University. Dymphna worked to raise her young family and establish their home as a warm welcoming space for friends and colleagues, as well as assisting Manning with translations and editing for his historical works. By 1959 Dymphna returned to teaching, eventually taking up a position at the ANU German Department. She was also an activist for Aboriginal rights and the environment. After Manning's death in 1991 Dymphna worked tirelessly to turn the home they shared into Manning Clark House - a cultural hub for scholars, artists and writers. Today, Manning Clark House still plays a vital role in the Canberra community.\n", "Details": "Anna and Augustin Lodewyckx welcomed their daughter Hilma Dymphna into their family on 18 December 1916. Their daughter inherited her first name from her mother's Scandinavian side of the family, while Dymphna, the name by which she would be known, came from her father's Belgian heritage. Her mother, Anna Sophia, and her father Augustin between them spoke many languages, but the working language of their home was Dutch except at dinner time when it was French or German if there were no guests. With such cultural backgrounds the couple educated and raised their daughter, and her older brother, Axel, in something akin to a 'little Europe' in suburban Melbourne. Here, Dymphna developed her considerable linguistic talents. She learnt perfect German from her father during formal lessons and picked up Swedish from listening to the exchanges between her mother and grandmother. All told Dymphna learned 12 languages, though she claimed to be fluent in eight and only 'getting by' in the other four. Anna ran the family home alongside teaching duties at Melbourne University where she taught Swedish, and played a key role in the promotion of the language and culture throughout the state, while Augustin worked first at Melbourne Grammar School and then later in 1916 took an appointment at the University of Melbourne as lecturer in German. Before settling in Melbourne at the outbreak of the Great War the couple had lived in Europe, South Africa and the Belgian colony, the Congo, before finally settling in the Antipodes in 1914.\nThis melting pot of culture and experience no doubt nurtured Dymphna's talent for language, but it also coloured her childhood in a distinctly European way. Her brother Axel recalled life at 'Huize Eikenbosch' (the name Augustin gave the family home due to the plethora of European oak trees he planted in the gardens) in the 1920s as a place where you would hear students learning German, and as a place to watch his parents and their friends waltz around the living room practising the latest European dances. Dymphna's father would spend many hours in the garden cultivating and tending it in Flemish ways, possibly sparking Dymphna's later love for plants and gardening. Her mixed cultural heritage at times made her feel as if she had split identities, and she often had trouble with her name at school as there were not many other migrants around. Still, she recalled her childhood as enriching and making her feel as though she could do anything. By 15 she had matriculated from Presbyterian Ladies' College and from there went to Munich in 1933 with her mother to study for a year at the M\u00e4dchenreformrealgymnasium an der Lusienstrasse. She returned to Melbourne in 1934 to study German at Melbourne University. Here her 'Europeanness' was once again made apparent to her, as she was often being called the 'mad girl without a hat or without stockings' due to her casual European style of dress which stood out compared to the formal styles of her Australian peers.\nIt was at Melbourne University in her last year of studies that she met her future husband, and future eminent and controversial historian, Charles Manning Hope Clark. Dymphna left behind no autobiographical writings and remained steadfastly silent on her courtship and marriage to Manning, though her husband describes a passionate and warm courtship in his memoirs and letters. After graduating from Melbourne University, Dymphna won the Mollison travelling scholarship which saw her go to Germany again. This time she studied Greek and Latin at Bonn University. For her it was as much a chance to indulge her passion for travel as to further her education. Although she would later recall that she 'never really found her feet' at Bonn, Nazi Germany still proved to be an awakening of sorts. She recalled learning in this period that politics was real and remembered sneaking off once a week to read British newspapers to find out what was going on in Germany. Yet she still felt herself succumbing to the all-pervasive Nazi propaganda, and understood how so many people became so mesmerised by the regime.\nAs threats of war grew, Manning called for Dymphna to come to England where he was studying for his doctorate at Balliol College, Oxford. She joined him and they married in Oxford on 31 January 1939. During this period she worked as a teacher at Blundell's School in Devon, but found her surrounds depressing. She and Manning welcomed their first child, Sebastian, in December 1939. He would be the first of six children. In 1940 the family decided to return to Australia where Manning took up a teaching position at Geelong Grammar School. In 1949 the Clark family moved to Canberra so that Manning could become the first Professor of History at the Canberra University College, later incorporated into the Australian National University. Over the next 16 years Dymphna's time was primarily taken up with the business of mothering children, running a household and supporting her husband and his academic research. She also found time to indulge in her passion for gardening and plants. She provided most of the produce to feed her family from her vegetable gardens and chicken sheds. Her friends recall the Clark house as being a site for scholarship and learning, but also an extraordinarily warm and friendly place where many delicious meals and good conversations amongst friends could be had.\nIn 1959, Dymphna returned to her teaching at the Soviet Embassy where she taught English to diplomats. She followed this appointment with one at the German Department of the Australian National University. Here, her talents as a formidable scholar in her own right were able to shine. She worked with Peter Sack from the German Department on a nine-year project translating from German to English the reports of the Governor of German New Guinea from 1886 to 1914. However, her most ambitious and important work was the translation of Baron Carl von H\u00fcgel's New Holland Journal. Published in 1994, it provided for the first time in English the Austrian botanist's daily diaries of his expeditions in Australia and New Zealand in the 1830s. Alongside her own work Dymphna did many translations of documents and material for Manning's historical works, as well as proofreading, editing and assisting him in his research for some of his major works including A History of Australia.\nDymphna also became an activist for Aboriginal rights, becoming a member of the Aboriginal Treaty Committee in 1980 which aimed to educate and promote the need for a formal treaty between Indigenous people and the Federal Government. She also wrote the Committee's preamble that was to be reviewed by Parliament. Dymphna continued her lifelong passion for the environment and gardening by working with Greening Australia Volunteers to plant over a thousand trees on the Clark's property 'Ness' in Wapengo on the New South Wales south coast.\nIn 1991 Dymphna's long marriage to Manning ended with his death on 23 May. She continued to work at her own projects, as well as being an avid defender of her late husband and his work. In 1993 Manning's most famous work, A History of Australia, was attacked by his own publisher, Peter Ryan, while in 1996 the Brisbane Courier Mail alleged Manning had been a Soviet spy - an allegation Dymphna's work at the Soviet Embassy helped to fuel. These allegations were all later resoundingly discredited. Dymphna also compiled and donated her own and Manning's papers to the National Library of Australia, and with the assistance of her son Sebastian edited and published Manning's final works, An Historian's Apprenticeship (1992) and Speaking out of Turn (1997), a volume of his speeches and lectures between 1940 and 1991. Dymphna also established Manning Clark House (the family's home in Forrest, Canberra) as a cultural hub for scholars, writers and artists. The house has grown to be a vital and vibrant part of the Canberra arts and academic communities. Having kept her diagnosis of cancer private, telling only a few close people, Hilma Dymphna Clark passed away on 12 May 2000.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-quest-for-grace\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-eye-for-eternity-the-life-of-manning-clark\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ever-manning-selected-letters-of-manning-clark-1938-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-clark-a-portrait\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dymphna-clark-widow-of-historian-manning-clark-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dawn-richardson-1970-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dymphna-clark-circa-1930-2000-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lyndall-ryan-1968-1992-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ninette-dutton-1890-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-roslyn-russell-1955-2008-bulk-1982-2001-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-clark-interviewed-by-heather-rusden-and-elizabeth-cham-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-clark-interviewed-by-heather-rusden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manning-clark-and-dymphna-clark-speak-for-the-aboriginal-treaty-committee-on-mining-in-noonkanbah-w-a-in-the-2xx-collection-sound-recording-interviewer-stuart-reid\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/andrew-clark-interviewed-by-susan-marsden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-prof-katerina-clark-academic-dr-axel-clark-academic-sound-recording-interviewer-susan-marsden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sebastian-clark-interviewed-by-susan-marsden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowland-clark-interviewed-by-susan-marsden-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Exley, Thea Melvie", "Entry ID": "AWE4854", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/exley-thea-melvie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Archivist, Art historian", "Summary": "Thea Exley was the first woman to head a regional office of the Commonwealth Archives Office (now the National Archives of Australia), its first national Senior Archivist Reference and Access and the first Director Preservation at the Australian Archives (another predecessor of the National Archives). She was an inaugural member of the Australian Society of Archivists and served as a Councillor from 1977 to 1979. After her retirement she completed a PhD in art history.\n", "Details": "Thea was born in Melbourne on 2 September 1923 the only child of Adelaide (nee Walker) and Harold James Exley who became Deputy Commonwealth Statistician, Tasmania.\nShe briefly attended Canberra Girls' Grammar School (then St Gabriel's School) before moving with her family to Hobart in 1933. She attended The Friends' School and subsequently graduated from the University of Tasmania with a Bachelor of Arts degree. During the Second World War she undertook library training at the Commonwealth National Library and on returning to Hobart worked at the Public Library there. After the war she travelled overseas and worked for a time at the library of Australia House, London.\nOn her return she was invited by the Commonwealth National Librarian Harold White to join the staff of the Archives Division of the National Library. This led to her joining the Archives Division's Melbourne office as an Archives Officer Grade I on 26 February 1953. In 1961 she became the first woman to head a state office of the Commonwealth Archives Office (the successor to the Archives Division). At a time when there were very few women in senior positions in the Commonwealth public service this was a significant achievement.\nDuring her time in Melbourne she was involved in an unsuccessful attempt to form a professional association for archivists. She was subsequently on the committee of the Archives Section of the Library Association of Australia (LAA), at that time the only Australian association which brought archivists together. She was interested in establishing proper training for archivists and served as an examiner for the LAA's paper in records management from 1963 to 1966.\nIn 1970 she moved to Canberra as the first Senior Archivist, Reference and Access. Cabinet decisions under the Gorton government (1970) and the McMahon government (1972) created a new, exciting and quite complex access regime for Commonwealth records. Proactive examination of material created before 1945 was commenced at this time. Twenty access examiners were employed and Thea was responsible for guiding their very lively discussions and for ensuring that the resulting decisions were collected into a substantial body of policy, precedent and procedure which became the foundation of the later Australian Archives Access Services Manual. Thea regarded her work striving for an accountable and fair access regime as her most important professional contribution.\nThea participated in the development of the Australian Society of Archivists and became an inaugural member in 1975. From 1977to 1979 she was a Council Member and chaired the Society's first Public Issues Committee which made submissions to a number of Commonwealth and State enquiries on copyright, privacy and freedom of information.\nFrom 1977 to 1981 Thea was Chief Archivist with considerable responsibility for the operational work of the office while other senior staff members were taken up with the development of the Archives Act. In 1982 and 1983 she was Regional Director, ACT when the first purpose built repository in the Canberra suburb of Mitchell became operational.\nIn 1984 Thea became the Australian Archives' first Director Conservation. Her leadership in commissioning the first survey of the condition of the whole collection and the subsequent development of a policy and procedural framework to manage the physical state of the records was significant in providing a management focus on this important area of archives work.\nThea retired on 1 September 1988 after a 35 year career which made a substantial contribution to the National Archives. She received an Australia Day award for her work in 1989. A meeting room at the National Archives was named in her honour in 2003.\nAfter her retirement Thea studied Art History and in 2000 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the Australian National University for her thesis titled 'Patronage by proxy: art competitions in Australia during the twentieth century'. She was interested in the influence of art competitions within the community.\nThea died on 29 January 2007 after nearly two years of illness. The attendance of three former heads of National Archives and the widow of a fourth at her funeral demonstrated the respect for her professional achievements. Family, friends and former work colleagues reminisced about her cross country skiing, her bushwalking, her hospitality and her love of cats. Professional colleagues particularly remembered her warm welcome to new entrants and her passion for the challenge of archives work.\nShe left a bequest to the National Gallery of Australia which funded an archivist's position and another to Bush Heritage Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dr-thea-melvie-exley\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-thea-melvie-exley-1923-2007\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-gallery-of-australia-annual-report-2008-09\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-conservation-report-2008-09\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dr-thea-melvie-exley-1923-2007\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-society-of-archivists-deposit-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diary-entry-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-thea-exley-thea-exley\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holt, Beatrice", "Entry ID": "AWE4859", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holt-beatrice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bruce (Canberra), Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Beatrice Holt was a leading figure in the development of mothercraft and child welfare services in Canberra, and was active in community organisations in Canberra from the 1920s.\n", "Details": "Bea studied medicine at the University of Melbourne, graduating in 1923. She then worked with Dr Vera Scantlebury (Brown) who piqued her interest in infant welfare.\nIn mid-1927 her father, W.H. Sharwood, was appointed Commonwealth Crown Solicitor. Bea moved with her parents to Canberra in October. She quickly opened her own practice, becoming one of the Territory's first female doctors. In December 1931 she married Dr John Holt, whom she had met when she was hospitalised with a serious infection. With the exception of service during World War Two, Bea did not practise medicine after her marriage.\nFrom an early stage Bea was involved in community affairs. She was appointed to the Provisional Committee to establish a Canberra branch of the Young Women's Christian Association and, from 1929 to 1931, served on its Board of Directors. As her children moved through school, Bea served as President of the Telopea Park Infants School Mothers' Club and later, as President of the Canberra High School Parents and Citizens' Association. She was elected President of the ACT branch of the Australian Federation of University Women in 1962 and 1963, and was acting head of the national body for most of 1964. In 1971 she was made a life member.\nBea's most significant contribution, however, was made through the Canberra Mothercraft Society. In February 1935 she was proposed as a council member of the society. Her membership co-incided with one of the most turbulent periods in the society's history, which saw the resignation of all its officers and councillors. At the subsequent Annual General Meeting in May, Bea was elected President. She was to serve a total of nine and a half years in the office (1935-36, 1940-43, and 1948-50) and was made a life member in 1937. In that time she oversaw: an increase in the number of mothercraft sisters; the purchase of a car (sisters had relied on volunteers and buses); the opening of the first permanent Baby Health Centre at Manuka; the introduction for the 'Help for Mothers' scheme (nucleus of the Emergency Housekeeper Service); the formation of the Canberra Kindergarten Society; and the establishment of an Occasional Care Centre.\nBea, who had suffered the loss of two of her own children, noted that her work with the Mothercraft Society was motivated by her 'absolute conviction that the giving of health services & assistance to mothers & babies is of primary importance'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-canberra-hospital-an-anecdotal-history-of-nursing-1914-to-199\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-beatrice-holt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-short-story-about-a-long-time-1943-1988-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituaries-holt-dr-beatrice\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yarralumlan-magazine-of-the-canberra-high-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yarralumlan-magazine-of-the-canberra-high-school-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/professional\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holt-beatrice-bea-1900-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-act-1944-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0043-canberra-mothercraft-society-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Landau, Yetty", "Entry ID": "AWE4861", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/landau-yetty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Broadcaster, Teacher", "Summary": "Yetty Landau was an actor and comedian who worked in Melbourne and with travelling companies. She was a popular broadcaster in Melbourne and Canberra and with her actor husband set up schools which taught drama, elocution and public speaking. After her husband's death Yetty continued teaching verse speaking, training choirs and successfully preparing students for the examinations of Trinity College, London.\n", "Details": "Yetty Landau was born on 6 June 1895 in Bendigo, Victoria to Samuel, (also known as Simon or Yeshiyahu) Landau a 60-year-old hawker and his wife 34-year-old Dora, the daughter of Zebulun Miller and Sophia Muskovitz.\nFrom childhood Yetty showed talent as a performer. Competing against adults from all over Australia, she won the Grand Championship for Elocution at the South Street Eisteddfod, Ballarat, Victoria.\nShe began acting professionally under the direction of Gregan McMahon and then joined the Ian McLaren Shakespeare Company. By 1915 she was working with Harry Craig's Australian Players on their three-month Tasmanian tour.\nWhen she married the actor and sometime lion tamer Frank James Pearson (born Francis Bernard Vaughan) in Melbourne on 24 January 1916, they both gave their usual addresses as 'constantly travelling'.\nYetty played comedy with Bert Bailey's Australian Company for five years creating the role of Amelia Banks in Grand-dad Rudd and Sara in On Our Selection. She went on to contracts with the Fuller Management and Rickards Tivoli Theatre Circuit. In her last Melbourne performances in 1926 she shared the stage with the famous theatre entrepreneur J.C. Williamson himself, in a play called The Farmers Wife.\nYetty taught drama and elocution and her pupils won prizes at the eisteddfods in Victoria. By 1926 Yetty and her students were involved in radio broadcasts. Although apparently popular with listeners, such a public career was not entirely welcomed by her family.\nYetty and Frank ran the Landau-Pearson Academy of Combined Arts from the home they named Franyette in Preston. They taught elocution, dramatic art, public speaking and musical monologues. Yetty's niece tutored piano.\nYetty and Frank visited Canberra for 6 weeks in 1934, but stayed and continued their acting and teaching careers. Yetty appeared with Canberra Repertory and in 1935 briefly presented a children's programme on local radio.\nBy 1936 the Landau-Pearson Modern School of Voice Culture taught speech-craft, drama, broadcasting and talking picture technique to pupils in Canberra's Civic Centre in suburban Manuka and in nearby Queanbeyan, New South Wales. As in Melbourne, pupils were successfully prepared for examinations set from London.\nYetty continued to teach after Frank's death in 1944. She taught verse speaking as well as choirs at St Benedict's Convent in Queanbeyan, St Christopher's and St Peter Chanel's in Canberra. Her pupils were very successful in the Trinity College, London examinations with Robert Crew being the first Canberra student to win the NSW State medal for speech in the Advanced Preparatory Division in 1960 and Merrilyn Jones passing the Intermediate Speech exam in 1964. One of her past pupils, Rosemary Heming, was admitted to Trinity College to train as a teacher of speech.\nShe continued as a radio presenter and her midday programme on 2CA Woman about the Shops ran for twelve years. She also created the Women's Session on the National Station and broadcast it for eight years.\nYetty died from stomach cancer on 7 September 1971. Her ashes were spread at Norwood crematorium. She had no children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yetty-landau-a-woman-of-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mildenhall, Adele Emma", "Entry ID": "AWE4867", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mildenhall-adele-emma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Community worker", "Summary": "Adele (Jill) Mildenhall arrived in Canberra during the settlement's infancy. She quickly became involved in several charitable and religious organisations including St John the Baptist Church, the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) and the Mothercraft Society. She was also a valued member of Canberra's social scene as a tennis player and an entertainer.\n", "Details": "In January 1920 Adele (Jill) Mildenhall, her husband and 18-month-old daughter arrived in Canberra. The family had endured a lengthy train ride from Melbourne and then a four and a half-hour car ride from Yass. William James (Jack) Mildenhall, public servant and photographer, later recalled the family's dismay when arriving at the gate to Upper Acton, then a small settlement of eight weatherboard dwellings. Informed by the driver that 'this was Canberra', he was 'too dum[f]ounded to make further enquiries'.\nThe barrenness of Canberra was also a rude shock to Jill who was used to the inner-city suburban bustle and amenities of Melbourne. Jill's father, Ernest Potter Knight, a local baker in the Melbourne suburb of Coburg had set a strong example as an active community member sitting on the Coburg Infant School Board of Advice and serving as treasurer of St Augustine's Church, Moreland and the Coburg Progress Association. It was with a similar zeal that Jill became involved in the fledgling Canberra community.\nJill's talent in singing and playing the piano was in much demand. In the early 1920s she performed regularly in a company known as the Smart Set Entertainers where her singing voice was described as 'always pleasing'. The group attracted packed houses and helped to raise money for local causes including the Canberra Library and the Queanbeyan Soldiers' Memorial Fund. Familiar with other talented residents, Jill often volunteered to organise entertainment or perform at events in which she had an interest, such as at the YWCA afternoon tea; the Tennis Dance at Acton; the annual Lodge St Andrew Masonic Dinner and Social; the Returned Sailors and Soldiers' Imperial League Masquerade Ball; a concert for Telopea Park School piano; and the opening of the Causeway Hall.\nFor families living in cottages at Upper Acton, local get-togethers were crucial as, with little means of transport, Canberra was known as 'The City of Dreadful Distances'. A favourite community event was tennis matches held at the Residency (then, the Federal Capital Advisory committee and Federal Capital Commission headquarters, later known as Canberra House). Jill was a keen tennis player and later played competitively with the Canberra Tennis Association. She was regularly noted playing in matches held across Canberra at Eastlake, Northbourne and Queanbeyan tennis clubs. In the late 1920s she was selected to play representative tennis at Country Week Tennis tournaments in Sydney.\nReligious observance entailed considerable endurance in Jill's early years in Canberra. A member of the Church of England congregation of St John the Baptist Church, she walked 35 to 40 minutes across a paddock to attend Sunday services. She became a member of the choir and was active in the St John's Churchwomen's Guild (established 1928). In October 1929 Jill organised a Tennis Tournament as part of a successful American Tea held at Canberra House. The event raised over \u00a322 for the church restoration fund.\nJill was also involved in the early years of a number of Canberra charitable welfare organisations. In October 1926 she was elected to the provisional committee establishing the Ainslie Child Welfare Clinic and then in December to the newly formed committee for the Acton branch of the Women and Children's Welfare Society. From 1934 to 1937 Jill served on the Board of Directors of the Canberra branch of the YWCA. During her first year on the board, she was one of a small team of delegates selected to attend the National YWCA convention in Melbourne. After her return she reported back to the Canberra branch on the inspirational significance of the convention. Next year she headed the membership committee and introduced a new card system. In 1939 she became a new member of the Canberra Community Hospital Auxiliary.\nIn March 1942 Jack was transferred to the Department of Munitions in Melbourne for the duration of the war. Although Melbourne-born, it seems that after 20 years' residency, Canberra had become Jill's much-missed home. In 1943 it was noted in the Canberra Times that Mrs Mildenhall 'sent remembrances to Canberra friends' and by late 1945 the couple returned to Canberra where Jack resumed his position as Registrar of Motor Vehicles.\nIn later years Jill assisted her husband as he was appointed to increasingly prominent positions in Canberra charities; as Chairman of the ACT division of the Australian Red Cross Society (1948-50, 1952-6) and inaugural Chairman of the Good Neighbour Council of the ACT (1950). She also developed an interest in religious instruction and she was said to have taught scripture at Canberra Church of England Girls Grammar in the early years of World War II and then at Forrest Primary School from 1959 to 1972.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-johns-church-and-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yabbies-at-acton-a-story-of-canberra-1913-1927\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parish-notes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-adele-mildenhall-charity-worker-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pendred, Edith Gladys", "Entry ID": "AWE4869", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pendred-edith-gladys\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Early Childhood Educationist, Kindergarten Principal", "Summary": "Gladys Pendred was considered in the mid-twentieth century 'the main Australian authority in the field of early childhood education'. In 1944, after lobbying by Canberra kindergarten and mothercraft groups, Gladys was asked by the Minister of the Interior to draw up a plan for the extension of pre-school care in the Australian Capital Territory, known as the 'Pendred Plan'. Pendred Street in the Canberra suburb of Pearce recognises her contribution to the Canberra community.\n", "Details": "Gladys Pendred trained at the Melbourne Kindergarten Training College and was a director of the Lillian Cannam Free Kindergarten in South Melbourne. In 1928 Gladys was appointed Principal of the Kindergarten Training College and Supervisor of Free Kindergartens in Perth. Taking two years' leave in late 1937, she was awarded a Carnegie Corporation grant to further her studies in the United States (BSc, Columbia) and Britain. On her return, Gladys endeavoured to bring the college into line with the 'modern developments' that she had observed overseas.\nIn 1941 Gladys resigned to take up the post of Field Officer for the Nursery Kindergarten Extension Board in Melbourne. She provided advice on planning playgrounds and equipment and served on an advisory committee of the Australian Broadcasting Commission for children's programmes. In 1944, after lobbying by Canberra kindergarten and mothercraft groups, Gladys was asked by the Minister of the Interior to draw up a plan for the extension of pre-school care in the Australian Capital Territory, known as the 'Pendred Plan'. In November that year, she was appointed Federal Pre-School Officer of the Australian Association for Pre-School Child Development (later Australian Pre-School Association). The job entailed an itinerant lifestyle and was described by Lady Bailey, President of the Association, as a 'flying Federal Officer Service'.\nThrough her extensive travel and publicity schedule, Gladys was well-known in early childhood centres throughout Australia. Each year she presented numerous lectures, newspaper interviews and radio broadcasts. She edited the Association's Parents News Sheets and wrote many herself. She also edited the successful book Play Materials for Young Children (1952).\nGladys worked hard to improve the standard of pre-school education and effect its extension to all children. She supervised the Lady Gowrie Child Centres, made recommendations for the development of pre-school services in the Northern Territory (1948), assisted the Philippines in the establishment of pre-school training (1948), and conducted a survey of child-minding centres in migrant hostels (1952). Gladys also kept up-to-date with advances in early childhood education research and practice, undertaking a British Council-funded study tour in 1949. She was a member of the ACT branch of the Australian Federation of University Women, the New Education Fellowship and the Australian College of Education (Fellow, 1964). In 1963 Gladys was appointed an Officer of the British Empire (OBE).\nFollowing her death in 1964, the Australian Pre-School Association established the Gladys Pendred Memorial Trust that funded a library of educational books in each branch. In 1966 Pendred Street in the Canberra suburb of Pearce was gazetted. Appropriately, it was the address of a new pre-school.\nMore details of Pendred's life can be found in: Mellor, Elizabeth J, 'Pendred, Edith Gladys (1897-1964)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http:\/\/adb.anu.edu.au\/biography\/pendred-edith-gladys-11361\/text20295.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-community-plans-for-its-children-eighth-conference-university-of-sydney-30-august-5-september-1958\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/before-school-the-story-of-the-canberra-pre-school-centres\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-kindergarten-union-of-western-australia-1911-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-aspects-of-child-care-education-in-great-britain-a-report-to-the-australian-association-for-pre-school-child-development-from-the-federal-officer-january-9th-april-13th-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/play-materials-for-young-children-a-guide-to-parents-and-pre-school-centre-committees-in-selecting-play-materials\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gladys-pendred-an-appreciation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-miss-gladys-edith-pendred\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/naughty-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pre-school-centres-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-late-gladys-pendred-obe-bsc-colom-program\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gladys-pendred-1897-1964-1841-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/infant-education-importance-of-health-an-experts-opinion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kindergarten-ideals-miss-pendred-interviewed\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/to-study-child-development\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-carnegie-grant\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-pendred-resigns\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pre-school-help-for-philippines\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pendred-edith-gladys-1897-1964-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pendred-street\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0141-canberra-preschool-society-incorporated-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-gladys-pendred-honour\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-early-childhood-association-1928-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-act-1944-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0043-canberra-mothercraft-society-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Radford, Gail Gordon", "Entry ID": "AWE4871", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radford-gail-gordon\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, Feminist lobbyist, Public servant, Researcher, Veterinarian", "Summary": "Gail Radford's first career was in veterinary science. In 1970 she joined Canberra Women's Liberation and was the first Convenor of WEL-ACT. In 1973 she was appointed to the first National Committee on Discrimination in Employment and Occupation.\nIn 1975, she was appointed to the Office of the Public Service Board in Canberra as the Director of the Equal Employment Opportunity Section. For fifteen years Gail shaped and led EEO policies and programs, firstly from the Public Service Board and later from the Public Service Commission.\nIn 1992, Gail was appointed to the position of Chief of the Human Resources Development Division in the headquarters of UNESCO in Paris. At the conclusion of her contract, she returned to Australia in 1994 to become a Member of the Immigration Review Tribunal in Sydney. In 2001 she returned to Canberra to research and write at the Australian National University on the history of WEL and EEO.\n In 1985, Gail became a Member of the Order of Australia for her services to women's affairs and EEO.\n", "Details": "Born in Melbourne on 30 April 1941, Gail was the only child of Phyllis Royal Radford (n\u00e9e Bickford), a high school teacher, and John (Jack) Gordon Radford, a journalist and, after the war, an intelligence officer. While Jack was away at the war, Gail and Phyllis lived with Phyllis's mother Alice Hannah Bickford n\u00e9e Baggs. Gail's mother, grandmother and aunt, Dame Ada May Norris, were all strong women and feminists. Under their guidance Gail became an independently minded feminist. Dame Ada, with her work on the status of women, people with disabilities and immigrants, was to be a mentor for Gail when she commenced similar work in later life.\nGail attended Fintona Girls' School in Balwyn. She started studying for a science degree at the University of Melbourne but transferred to second year veterinary science at the University of Sydney in 1961. Here Gail lived in Women's College, joined in student politics as a keen debater and was a Director of the Board of the Women's Union. Her particular interest was in providing support for women who, like her, were studying courses where women were under-represented and not fully accepted.\nShe graduated as a Bachelor of Veterinary Science in January 1966, completed an internship in cardiovascular research at the Animal Medical Center in New York City in 1967 and graduated from Ottawa University in 1971, as a Master of Science in Cardiovascular Physiology.\nGail's career as a veterinarian included periods of small animal practice in Australia and overseas, manufacturing Swine Fever Vaccine with a United States aid team in Saigon during the height of the Vietnam War and teaching small animal surgery at Sydney University. In Canberra she worked in a small animal practice in the Woden Valley and carried out research for a doctorate on the physiology of social stress in wild rats in the Zoology Department at the Australian National University.\nOn her return from Canada in 1970, she joined the newly formed Canberra Women's Liberation and, as a member of its action workshop, organised the first meeting of the Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) in Canberra in May 1972. She was the first Convenor of WEL-ACT and combined lobbying for reforms for women with her veterinary career for the next few years.\nIn May 1973, she was appointed to the first National Committee on Discrimination in Employment and Occupation, as the member with special expertise on the employment of women, and continued to serve on this Committee until she was appointed to the Australian Public Service (APS).\nIn October 1975, she was appointed to the Office of the Public Service Board in Canberra as the Director of the Equal Employment Opportunity Section. This was the first position of its kind in Australia. Gail was, in essence, the first EEO Officer in Australia. She was given responsibility for the formulation and implementation of EEO policies for women, migrants, Aboriginals and the handicapped, and the avoidance of discrimination in APS employment.\nGail worked in the Public Service Board in Canberra until its abolition in 1987, being promoted to the Senior Executive Service in 1978 and receiving further promotions in 1983 and 1984. In 1987, she was appointed to a senior position in the newly created Public Service Commission.\nFor fifteen years Gail shaped and led EEO policies and programs, firstly from the Public Service Board and later from the Public Service Commission. She developed policies for the Commonwealth's 300,000 employees and influenced the direction of priorities in State Government and private sector employment. Under her guidance the approach to providing employment opportunities in the work place, for women and members of minority groups, developed from a series of ad hoc anti-discrimination initiatives to a systematic one, with the provision of properly structured EEO programs supported by legislation.\nGail sat on numerous interdepartmental committees and chaired two subcommittees of the Joint Council, the peak body that carried out negotiations with staff associations in the APS. She chaired the Joint Council Subcommittee on Women and Joint Council Subcommittee on EEO (Minority Groups) and it was in these subcommittees that she negotiated agreement on all EEO initiatives. She was also a member of the National Labour Consultative Council's Committee on Women's Employment. In 1980, this Committee released Guidelines for Employers on EEO for Women, which were to pave the way for acceptance of EEO legislation in the private sector.\nIn 1985, Gail became a Member of the Order of Australia for her services to women's affairs and Equal Employment Opportunity.\nIn 1992, Gail was appointed to the position of Chief of the Human Resources Development Division in the headquarters of the United Nations Organisation for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO) in Paris. This position had been especially created for her to assist UNESCO implement reforms in its human resource management systems. At the conclusion of her contract with UNESCO, she returned to Australia in 1994 to become a Member of the Immigration Review Tribunal in Sydney. Following the abolition of the Tribunal in 1999, she resigned from the Australian Public Service.\nGail returned to Canberra in 2001 to research and write at the Australian National University on the history of WEL and EEO. She worked with Professor Marian Sawer on the Australian Research Council funded project on the History of the Women's Electoral Lobby. Their book Making Women Count: A History of the Women's Electoral Lobby in Australia was published by UNSW Press in 2008. Papers and research reports written by Gail can be found on the ANU History of WEL website (http:\/\/wel.anu.au\/).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-women-count-a-history-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-in-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-the-public-service-board\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/public-service-commission\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gail-radford-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woodrow, Carol Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE4882", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodrow-carol-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Director, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Carol Woodrow has pursued a wide-ranging career in theatre in Canberra for many years. In the 1970s through her work with Canberra Youth Theatre, she provided opportunities for young people to learn about drama through improvisation. At the Jigsaw Theatre Company, she worked with professional actors to develop and present work for schools. In the 1980s and 1990s she worked as a freelance director of avant-garde and community theatre with several ensemble companies, developing new scripts and nurturing new playwrights, and also directed plays for professional theatre companies.\n", "Details": "Born on 20 August 1943, Carol grew up in Melbourne in a family with great enthusiasm for the theatre. Her parents, Bill and Sarah Armstrong, founded the Children's Theatre Guild of Victoria (which became the Youth and Children's branch of the Melbourne Theatre Company). While still at school, Woodrow started acting professionally at age 13 on stage, radio and television, performing with, among others, Barry Humphries. She studied acting with Irene Mitchell at St Martin's Theatre for five years.\nAfter moving to Canberra with her young family in 1962, she acted in plays with the Canberra Repertory Society and later, ran drama workshops for young people. Then in 1972, influenced by the ideas of British educator Dorothy Heathcote, she established the Canberra Youth Theatre to provide opportunities for young people to learn about drama through improvisation. She was also the founding director of the Jigsaw Company Theatre-in-Education in 1974 where she worked with professional actors to develop and present work for schools. She was artistic co-ordinator of the Youth Program for the National Festival Australia '75 .\nShe founded the Fool's Gallery Theatre in 1979 to explore ensemble devised theatre with strong visual imagery, heightened theatrical poetic and ritual qualities, and challenging content. The company staged and toured some powerful feminist theatre such as It Bleeds, It Sleeps and Standard Operating Procedure, and ran for five years.\nIn 1984 Woodrow returned to text-based works as artistic director of Interact Theatre. The company staged some memorable productions in the ANU Arts Centre, including Ben Jonson's Bartholomew Fair. She also worked as director and dramaturg with Playworks (1986-88) and the Playwrights Conference (1985, 1993-96), developing new scripts and nurturing new playwrights. She ran courses in the ACT for the Australian National Playwrights' Centre, and was on the Board of the Centre for several years.\nIn 1989, Interact Theatre combined forces with Eureka! Theatre to form the Canberra Theatre Company, with Woodrow as director. This attempt to establish a mainstream, full-time professional theatre company in Canberra was assisted by funding from the ACT Arts Development Board, and a number of productions were staged including Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, but following the withdrawal of corporate sponsorship, it wound up in 1991.\nWoodrow was also a freelance director for many other companies. John Bell, who had admired her work for many years, invited her to direct The Merchant of Venice, the inaugural production by Bell Shakespeare, which was staged in a circus tent near the Canberra Aquarium in 1991. She also directed for the Nimrod Theatre, the Sydney Theatre Company, the Belvoir Street Theatre, the Griffin Theatre, and the Troupe Theatre.\nIn Canberra in the 1990s she directed a series of classics for Canberra Repertory, including Ibsen's The Doll's House and Rattigan's The Winslow Boy, as well as staging new Australian works, with her company Wildwood, at the Street Theatre. She continues to direct, as part of the 'Season at the Street', developing new repertoire in a similar way to her earlier work with playwrights.\nOn Australia Day 2012 Carol Woodrow was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to the performing arts, to youth theatre as an artistic director, and to the development of women playwrights in Australia. At the time, she said that working with an ensemble of actors is 'the most creative way to achieve the best work because the team members become so nuanced with each other' and that 'experiential drama, through play for children, is the best tool to teach anything by getting them involved imaginatively'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/member-am-in-the-general-division-of-the-order-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-lifetime-career-in-theatre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-carol-woodrow-theatre-producer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mulvaney, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE4884", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mulvaney-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Moonee Ponds, Victoria", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Jean Mulvaney was an active and committed community worker in Canberra from the mid-1960s until her death in 2004. She was a founding member of Canberra Lifeline, the ACT Girl Guides Commissioner, and president of the Canberra Mothercraft Society, the Queen Elizabeth II Family Centre Committee, and the University House Ladies Drawing Room. She was also an active member of the Civil Rehabilitation Committee (Prisoners' Aid) and served on the National Council of Women.\n", "Details": "Jean Campbell grew up at beachside Black Rock in Melbourne and was active in the Girl Guides and in a number of sports: swimming, yachting, tennis and horseriding. She attended the Presbyterian Ladies' College and then trained as an infants teacher, teaching at Travancore Experimental School for disadvantaged children.\nFrom 1948 to 1951 she cycled around Australia on a working holiday, starting from Melbourne accompanied by three friends, two of whom returned from Perth and the third staying in the Northern Territory, so that she completed the trip by herself. On the way she had a variety of jobs including fruit and vegetable picking, waitressing, nursing and work on a pearl lugger in Broome, and crocodile shooting in the Northern Territory.\nJean met her future husband, the prehistorian John Mulvaney, when visiting England to represent Victorian Girl Guides at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth in 1953. They were married in Melbourne on 6 February 1954 and had six children, the first born in 1955 and the last in 1965. They moved from Melbourne to the suburb of Yarralumla in Canberra in 1965 when John took up his appointment as Senior Fellow in Prehistory in the Anthropology and Sociology Department in the Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. He was appointed Professor of Prehistory in 1971 and held that position until his retirement in 1985. Jean called herself 'a prehistorian by marriage' and shared many work-related trips with John.\nHer community work in Canberra began shortly after her arrival: in 1966 she was a foundation member of Canberra Lifeline and Canberra Toastmistress, and started as\nGuiding representative on the Civil Rehabilitation Committee (now known as Prisoners Aid) and continued this work which included visiting prison inmates until her death. From 1969 to the 1970s she was founding secretary of the Canberra Children's Theatre (later the Canberra Youth Theatre) and in the 1970s was Girl Guides Commissioner in the Australian Capital Territory.\nFrom 1984 to 1985 Jean was a volunteer at Massachusetts General Hospital when John was Professor of Australian Studies at Harvard. She was presented the 'Volunteer of 1985 Award'; the citation read: 'Jean Mulvaney - wise, caring, intuitive, responsible and a wonderful sense of humour\u2026'\nFrom 1985 Jean was president of the Canberra Mothercraft Society and the Queen Elizabeth II Family Centre Committee but left disillusioned in 1995 when the institution was renamed and moved from Civic. Jean served on the National Council of Women (ACT) from the 1990s until her death, and was Convener of the Ladies Drawing Room at University House with Lena Karmel 1993-1997.\nJean was always a very active person - John reports that she enjoyed canoeing in Canada in 1997 when she was in her mid-70s - but in their last years together her health deteriorated. She died on 13 November 2012 in Canberra at the age of 81 after heart surgery.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/digging-up-a-past\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-mulvaney-1923-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-museum-of-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/remember-to-breathe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-house-as-they-experienced-it-a-history-1954-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Salthouse, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE4889", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/salthouse-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Feminist, Human Rights Advocate, Leader, Teacher", "Summary": "Sue Salthouse worked in the area of social justice from 1996, playing an active role in the systemic advocacy for women with disabilities. In Canberra she ran her own consultancy company that specialised in work in the disability sector and conducted social research, policy analysis and advice in a number of areas beyond disability advocacy, including project development and management, conference facilitation and TAFE teaching. She worked extensively with Women in Adult and Vocational Education (WAVE) to develop leadership training projects for women, including women in Aboriginal communities. She worked in a voluntary capacity for Women with Disabilities ACT and Rights International (Australia).\nIn 2015, Sue was Canberra Citizen of the Year, in recognition of her outstanding commitment and contribution as a disability advocate. In late 2019, Sue was further acknowledged for her enormous contribution to the public good when she was awarded the honour of 2020 ACT Senior Australian of the Year. Sue Salthouse died in a motor vehicle accident in Canberra on 20 July 2020.\nRead an interview with Sue Salthouse in the online exhibition Redefining Leadership.\n", "Details": "Sue Salthouse described her introduction to the disability sector as 'arrival by surprise'. She was forty-five when she fell off a horse in the Snowy Mountains, and embarked on her life of 'new opportunity' in a wheelchair. The learning curve was steep and physically challenging, but the recently retired ex-president of Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) was adamant when she claimed that 'psychologically I have had more difficult things to deal with in my life, despite the challenges my accident presented'. (Interview) \nBorn in 1949 in McKinnon, Melbourne, Salthouse had a happy childhood, sharing the love of her parents with one older sister, whom she adored. She attended Kilvington Baptist Girls Grammar, a small private school with a community spirit that she credits with setting her on a humanitarian path. A small school offered her any number of opportunities to take on leadership roles, which she adopted with great relish, although she did experience a crisis of conscience when offered the role of head prefect. Conditional upon the offer was the requirement for her to be confirmed. She agreed to the condition, but not without some reflection on the nature of hypocrisy. Why did the school think she had to be confirmed to perform a leadership role? How much was she prepared to compromise in order to take on a leadership role? Salthouse says it was a pivotal moment in her life and a difficult decision for a teenager to make. To this day, she is not sure that she made the right decision, but she did compromise and became head prefect in 1966.\nAfter completing secondary school, Salthouse enrolled in Agricultural Science at the University of Melbourne in 1967. Inspired by the 'green revolution' of the 1960s, she wanted to further her understanding of the environment and at the time, agriculture seemed like the best way of combining her love for science with a passion for environmental issues. After graduating, she worked as a field officer for the (then) Victorian State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, where she mainly did scientific writing. Although she enjoyed this work, what she really wanted was a job that enabled her to travel. So in 1972 she completed a Diploma of Education at La Trobe University. Here, she engaged in political ideas and innovative teaching methods that focused on flexible learning environments and a view of education as an instrument of change.\nAfter a placement at Lorne Higher Elementary School in Victoria, Salthouse moved to Alice Springs High School where, amongst Aboriginal communities she learnt profound lessons about the power of education as an instrument against discrimination and a path towards self determination. Working with women in these communities, she gained an appreciation of their openness, their wisdom, their respectfulness and their capacity for listening and understanding. She credited this experience with her own emerging conceptualisation of leadership as facilitation. For Salthouse, the hallmark of a good leader was someone who is able to consult and connect in order to solve a problem. It might be a more complex way of achieving outcomes than traditional authoritative models, but she believed it to be the most effective way of proceeding in the sector she knew best, non-government organisations: no one person can possess all the skills required to lead in this area, especially in advocacy organisations, so a good leader recognises the skills in the collective, nurtures them and calls upon them when required. This non-hierarchical 'hub and spoke' model associated with early feminist organisations was something she first gained an appreciation of when working in Alice Springs. As well as learning from Aboriginal communities, she was an early member of the Alice Springs chapter of the Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL).\nAfter the Alice Springs experience, Salthouse travelled overseas to Kathmandu to trek in the Himalayas. There she met the man she would marry (a widower with children). The family spent another 3 years in Nepal (1978-81) and 3 years in Italy (1985-88), before returning to live in Canberra in Australia. She was not on any confirmed career path and was relatively happy taking the time to look after the family, while her husband pursued his career in aid organisations. When their marriage broke down, she returned to teaching. Despite the barriers to advancement that existed for women teachers in the ACT, in the early 1990s she felt she had a good career ahead of her as a teacher.\nIn April 1995, Salthouse had her accident. After a lengthy period of rehabilitation, she returned to teaching but found that she had lost confidence in her ability to do the job and felt isolated from other staff members in ways she had not expected. The principal helped her to move towards what she calls 'a graceful retirement'. Around this time she met Carolyn Frohmader from Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) through her wish to become involved in sport for people with disabilities. Frohmader asked if she would like to work for them and the rest, as they say, is history. For most of her life in a wheelchair, Sue Salthouse was involved with WWDA. She was president for a term in 2009 -2012.\nSalthouse always had a commitment to social justice issues and her immersion in the world of disability advocacy provided her with new perspectives on how best to work for, and on behalf of, people who feel powerless and discriminated against. Disability is not a medical problem, it is a human rights issue and 'the work of WWDA is grounded in a rights based framework that links gender and disability issues to the full range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights'. (WWDA Annual report 2009-2010). Salthouse was proud of the leading role WWDA took in creating this framework at an international level, a prime example being its work to ensure that a specific article on Women (Article 6) was included in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a Treaty ratified by Australia in 2008.\nAs far as Salthouse was concerned the strength and efficacy of WWDA has always been its people and their commitment to the issues, rather than their egos. This is not to say that individuals are not forthright in stating a case they strongly believe in. 'Leaders must have presence,' she says. 'They can't be too self-effacing' (Interview). But they must speak from the group and towards the outcome. Creating a structure where all members of an organisation feel they can contribute to a discussion, where the issue is what is important, not the person who promotes it in public, was the type of leadership Salthouse aimed to provide.\nLeadership training for women with disabilities was also important, according to Salthouse. 'It's crucial that WWDA empowers and endorses women with disabilities in leadership roles.' (WWDA Annual report 2009-2010) They must 'have a seat at the table', not only because the voices of women with disabilities must be heard but because there is enormous symbolic importance attached to women with disabilities being seen to be leaders. They need to be able to demonstrate to themselves and the able-bodied people around them 'I look like you, only sitting down'. (Interview).\nSue Salthouse was posthumously appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2022 for significant service as an advocate for people with disability, and to the prevention of family violence.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-2009-2010\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sue-salthouse-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-women-and-leadership-in-a-century-of-australian-democracy-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Morieson, Belinda", "Entry ID": "AWE4916", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/morieson-belinda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Belinda Morieson was Branch Secretary of the Australian Nursing Federation, Victoria Branch (ANF(Vic)) from 1989-2001. She oversaw the biggest membership growth in the history of the Branch.\nA more comprehensive entry for Morieson will appear later in 2013 when the Encyclopedia of Australian Women and Leadership in the Twentieth Century goes online.\n", "Events": "Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch) (1989 - 2001) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-blueprint-for-union-organising-multiplying-the-membership-in-the-australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-1989-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Giddings, Maureen", "Entry ID": "AWE4928", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/giddings-maureen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Maureen Giddings has worked with a wide range of community organisations, many connected with the National Council of Women. She served as president of NCW NSW from 1970 to 1974, and as president of the National Council of Women of Australia from 1988 to 1991. She also worked for many years with the Liberal Party, serving as president of the Women's Council of the Liberal Party of Australia (NSW division) from 1974 to 1979 and chairman of the party's Federal Women's Committee from 1977 to 1980. She was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1974, in recognition of service to the community.\n", "Details": "Maureen Giddings was born in Melbourne, the only child of Eleanor Bell Quinton (n\u00e9e Wilson) and Frederick Robert Quinton, a manufacturer of electroplated metals. She was educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, East Melbourne, the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music and the University of Melbourne. Her university studies were interrupted by enlistment in the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF), where she trained as an orthoptist. On 30 January 1946, she married her fianc\u00e9e, Major Niels Giddings, whom she had known since Sunday School. The couple had two daughters.\nBoth of Giddings' parents were involved in voluntary and philanthropic work; her mother was active in the Federation of Mothers' Clubs and the National Council of Women of Victoria. On her mother's advice, she joined NCWV: 'It gives people the opportunity to put their point of view. And the government will listen to you'. Maureen joined as an associate, and, on moving to Sydney, transferred her membership to NCW NSW where she was elected to the executive as the associates' representative. In 1970, she took on the NSW presidency, and became vice-president of the National Council of Women of Australia when Jessie Scotford formed her NCWA Board in the same year. She remembered the highlights of those years as the NCWA activities associated with the opening of the Sydney Opera House and the organisation of the ICW regional conference, both in 1973; Board meetings were 'fun and productive'.\nThe political awareness learned from her mother also led Giddings into long-term membership of the Liberal Party.\nShe was president of the Women's Council of the Liberal Party of Australia (NSW division) from 1974 to 1979 and chaired the Federal Women's Committee from 1977 to 1980.\nGiddings' work in NCWA led her into leadership roles in other organisations. From 1973 to 1975, she was deputy chairman of the NSW International Women's Year committee. In 1978, she became chairman of the Status of Women, Committee United Nations Association of Australia (NSW branch) then president of the UNAA (NSW) and vice-president of the National UNAA. In July 1980, she was chosen by the Australian government to attend the forum at the NGO UN Decade of Women conference in Copenhagen.\nIn 1988, the NCWA Board returned to NSW under Giddings' presidency. Issues taken to government by her Board included paid surrogacy, which NCWA strongly opposed; and the UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which they strongly supported in line with ICW policy, despite 'widespread disquiet' in the state Councils. Projects included a report on ageing and a seminar that led to the adoption of the Seniors' Card in NSW; and a report on women's unpaid work for voluntary organisations and within the home, which moved the Australian Bureau of Statistics to undertake a national survey. Other highlights of Giddings' presidency included a visit to the USSR as a guest of the Soviet Women's Committee in 1989, and the leadership of the Australian delegation to the ICW conference in Bangkok in 1991. In the same year, she was appointed a life member of ICW.\nMaureen Giddings has contributed to many community activities during her life. She was honorary secretary of the Captain Cook Bicentenary Women's Committee 1968-1970, deputy chairman of the Festival Women's Committee for the opening of the Sydney Opera House 1972-1973, a member of the Royal Flying Doctor Service NSW 1971-1974, president of Child Care Week 1974-1978. Giddings has also contributed to other organisations and causes as president of the Australia-Britain Society (NSW), councillor at Enterprise Australia, deputy chairman at the Volunteer Centre (NSW), chairman of the Intellectually Handicapped Organisation of NSW, a member of the Board of Management of Chatswood Sheltered Industries, and vice-president of the NSW Torch Bearers for Legacy and president emeritus the English Speaking Union of NSW. She was a life governor at the Rachel Forster Hospital and a member of the Wahroonga Preparatory School Council, the Wahroonga Progress Association, Meals on Wheels, the Heart Campaign, and the committees of the Asthma Appeal and the Churchill Appeal.\nIn August 1971, Maureen Giddings wrote in the NCW NSW's NCW News about the past, present and future of NCWA: 'Australian women, while enjoying a formal equality, do not as yet possess a complete practical equality \u2026 Confidently we look to the future, proud of our past achievements but remembering one of the objects of the National Council is that we must promote the interests of women and secure their proper recognition in the community'.\n", "Events": "Captin Cook Bicentenary Women's Committee (1968 - 1970) \nChild Care Week (1974 - 1978) \nFestival Women's Committee for the opening of the Sydney Opera House (1972 - 1973) \nNSW International Women's Year Committee (1973 - 1975) \nWomen's Council of the Liberal party of Australia (NSW) (1974 - 1979)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/like-mother-like-daughter\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ncwa-papers-1984-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-further-records-ca-1891-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-maureen-giddings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-betty-davey\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hamilton, Anne Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE4929", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hamilton-anne-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kerang, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Jindalee, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Campaigner, Dressmaker, Secretary, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Anne Hamilton was the second Queensland president of the Australian National Council of Women. She held office between 1964 and 1967, having already served as president of the Queensland Council from 1961 to 1964. Her period as state president was notable for successfully hosting the ANCW triennial conference and the International Council of Women regional seminar on international understanding in Brisbane in 1964. As national president in the ensuing 3 years, she set up the twinning relationship between the Australian and Thailand NCWs-a program initiated by the ICW to encourage 'reciprocal relationships between N.C.Ws of contrasting economic patterns'. Her period in office also saw continuing lobbying of the federal government for the lifting of the marriage bar on the employment of women in the Commonwealth public service (achieved in 1967), for equal pay, and for seeking Australia's re-election to the UN Status of Women Commission (achieved in 1967). As president, she also encouraged state NCWs to include welfare of Aborigines in the considerations of their standing committees, succeeded in persuading the government to include the portrait of an outstanding Australian woman on the new $5 note, and agitated for liberalising the means test for pensions with the aim of its eventual abolition. Hamilton represented the ANCW and the ICW at the International Federation of University Women conference in Brisbane in 1965, and led the ANCW delegation to the ICW triennial conference in Tehran in 1966.\nHamilton's other major interest was the propagation and growth of Australian plants, and she served as president of the Society for Growing Australian Plants, Queensland from 1965 to 1966.\n", "Details": "Annie Dorothy Hamilton was born on 22 June 1910 in Kerang, Victoria, daughter of William James Norwood McConnell of Barham, NSW, hotel manager, and his second wife, Eliza Anne Hobbs of Strathbogie, Victoria. Anne (as she preferred to be known) was educated at Esperance Girls' School in Victoria before embarking on a business course. She subsequently engaged in office work, apart from a short period as a dressmaker in partnership with an aunt in Swan Hill. On her return to Melbourne she met and subsequently married Charles A. Hamilton, architect, at the Gardiner Presbyterian Church, on 27 March 1936; they had 1 son, Peter (born 1938) and 1 daughter, Prudence (born 1947).\nAnne Hamilton's first public activism occurred in the immediate postwar period when, in opposition to continuing wartime rationing, she joined other women in campaigning to elect the first Liberal Party member for the Victorian federal seat of Balaclava in 1946. The family shifted to Brisbane in 1947 when Charles was appointed deputy city architect to the Brisbane City Council. To overcome her sense of isolation and constriction at home, she joined Forum, a group for encouraging women in public speaking. It was as this club's delegate that she joined the National Council of Women of Queensland. Like many women leaders of her generation, Hamilton found the domestic routine unstimulating, and NCW activities provided a more satisfying outlet for her talents and energies. She was elected state president in 1960. Her desire for effective and meaningful work is evident in her summation of the role as 'trying to stir NCW women to logical, informed mental processes and consequent action towards community welfare', and 'to attract women of spirit and intelligence to work with an organization of some significance \u2026 by persuading them that what they did had some real effect'.\nHer energetic leadership was focused first on finding solutions to the parlous state of the Council's finances, and, second, on shifting its headquarters from the 'squalid rooms in Celtic Chambers' to more comfortable accommodation in Ann Street. She was also responsible for beginning NCWQ's news-sheet, NCW News, in 1961, for using NCW auspices to inaugurate the Children's Film and Television Council and the Consumers' Association of Queensland, and for establishing a Townsville branch of NCWQ.\nThe Council's new rooms were used to host the International Council of Women's regional seminar on international understanding in Brisbane in September 1964, and Hamilton's home and gardens in Bardon were made available for a luncheon for delegates both to the seminar and to the Australian National Council of Women triennial conference held in conjunction with the ICW meeting. It was at this ANCW conference that Hamilton was elected president for the ensuing triennium.\nAs national president in the ensuing 3 years, Hamilton extended her interests into the international arena and was responsible for overseeing the setting up the long-mooted twinning relationship between the Australian and Thailand NCWs-a program initiated by the ICW to encourage 'reciprocal relationships between N.C.Ws of contrasting economic patterns'. As Hamilton reported to the 1967 ANCW conference, the 'joint association was a bit slow to get off the ground' owing to communication problems, but face-to-face meetings helped overcome initial difficulties. In 1965, Hamilton's ANCW Board set up a fund to help the Thai Council with developmental education programs enabling small numbers of village children in the north of the country to be brought to the city for a course of training at the University of Agriculture, so they could take necessary skills back to their communities, and for 40 village women to be taught to sew to provide school children with uniforms, among other things. Both programs were supervised by project committees established in the village, thus providing their members with administrative skills and experience. Hamilton visited the Thai NCW in 1966 and reported back that, as a result of these initiatives, the idea of education had been encouraged, and also the development of 'self respect, independence and cooperation'. ANCW would continue to provide funds, she said, including for a scholarship to educate a Thai student in her own country. ANCW also hoped to continue its participation in UNESCO's Study Tours for Women Educational Leaders and Leaders of Women's Voluntary Organisations, having in 1965 sponsored a 3-month tour of Australia by Mrs Tameno, a teacher and member of the Kenyan NCW.\nHamilton represented the ANCW and the ICW at the International Federation of University Women conference in Brisbane in 1965, and led the ANCW delegation to the ICW triennial conference in Tehran in 1966, where she attended the seminar on literacy held in conjunction with the conference. The main message she brought back to ANCW was that 'the true development of nations depends on the state of advancement of women and their participation in their communities', and that literacy, understanding and skills of communication formed the bedrock of the ability to participate. Like her predecessors, she had come to see support for the work of the United Nations as crucial for women everywhere, and her Board lobbied the federal government to seek Australia's re-election to the UN Status of Women Commission (CSW), achieved in 1967. She also put consideration of CSW's Draft Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women on the agenda for discussion at the 1967 ANCW conference in Melbourne.\nAt the national level, Hamilton, like her predecessor Dorothy Edwards, was concerned to 'to streamline methods of working'-'If A.N.C.W. is to tackle social problems, our lines of communication have to flow still more smoothly, administration has to be firmer'. But she was forced to admit, as other Boards had also found, that progress was 'slow and difficult', largely because of the limitations on continuity imposed by reliance of voluntary workers and the inevitable high turnover of personnel.\nOn policy matters, Hamiltons's period in office saw continued lobbying of the federal government for the lifting of the marriage bar on the employment of women in the Commonwealth public service (achieved in 1967) and for equal pay. As president, she also encouraged state NCWs to include the welfare of Aborigines in the considerations of their standing committees, succeeded in persuading the government to include the portrait of an outstanding Australian woman on the new $5 note, and agitated for liberalising the means test for pensions with the aim of its eventual abolition.\nHer term in office is also notable for the evidence it provides of anxieties about changes taking place in social mores; in her 1967 presidential address, Hamilton expressed concern about an apparent growth in 'selfish egoism', reckless self-indulgence' and 'callous disregard for human life and for the rights of others', reflected in problems as diverse as the rising road toll, offences against girls and women, and 'the rising rate of illegitimate births'. Conference resolutions and standing committee reports also reflected this anxiety, protesting against smoking in public places, lowering of censorship standards, and an evident rise in 'sexual promiscuity' and venereal disease. These and other matters were the focus of a seminar, Ethical Standards for Modern Living, which followed the 1967 conference and at which it was admitted that: 'Uneasiness and concern had been felt by NCW about the changing pattern of society'.\nParticipants in the end fell back on old verities in confirming 'the importance of the family unit for stability in society and the principle of one moral standard for both men and women'.\nIn the years following her national presidency, Anne Hamilton began to withdraw from NCW activities as a consequence of a series of family crises including hospitalisation of her daughter for several months after a car accident in 1967, her own increasing incapacity from an old back injury and arthritis, and husband Charles's severe heart attack in the mid-1970s. She focused her activities more on the Society for Growing Australian Plants (of which she had been president from 1965 to 1966, at the same time as she presided over ANCW) and, after Charles's recovery, on the investment portfolio she started as part of the family company Charles set up to fund their retirement.\nAfter Charles's death in 1986, Anne was able to continue living at home with the support of her daughter and son and their families until the mid-1990s. When the level of care she required increased beyond what the family was able to provide, she agreed to sell up and move to a retirement village at Taringa, then, as she deteriorated further, to the Tricare Nursing Home at Jindalee where she was still able to maintain a modicum of independence. She died there, aged 94, on 25 July 2002.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-council-of-women-of-queensland-the-second-fifty-years-1955-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/7266-national-council-of-women-of-queensland-minute-books-1905-2004\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Metcalfe, Thelma Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE4933", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/metcalfe-thelma-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Emu Plains, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Thelma Metcalfe was president of the Australian National Council of Women from 1957 to1960. She also held office in a variety of other organisations, including as president of the NCW of NSW 1948-1960. During her term of office as national president, she stressed the importance of regional activism and work towards improving social and economic conditions, particularly for women in the Asia-Pacific area, most urgently in Papua New Guinea. Metcalfe's presidency also saw ANCW attention directed towards redressing inequality issues relevant to women, varying education standards in Australia, the declining value of child endowment, and the financial hardships of deserted wives. In light of her extensive community involvement, an ANCW obituarist claimed she was regarded as 'the best authority on the women's organisations in NSW'.\n", "Details": "Thelma Constance Vagg was born on 10 September 1898 in Fitzroy, Melbourne, the daughter of Victorian-born parents Harry Vagg, farmer, and his wife Emily Anne, n\u00e9e Sallery. She was educated at Albury District School and the University of Sydney (BA, 1922; Dip. Ed. 1923). She taught languages in NSW public schools before marrying John Wallace Metcalfe, deputy principal librarian of the State Library of NSW, on 3 March 1934. She then accompanied him on a 6-month tour of libraries in the USA and Europe, for which he was funded by a Carnegie Corporation of New York travel grant, and thereafter worked with him in the Free Library Movement, a citizens' group formed in 1935 to lobby for a system of public libraries to serve the needs of all the people. In November 1935, the Sydney Morning Herald published an article she wrote on 'Andrew Carnegie: Father of Libraries'. Thelma remained John's loyal supporter in his many library activities as deputy and principal state librarian, founder of the Australian Institute of Librarians (now Australian Library and Information Association) and director of the first university library school at the University of NSW. Thelma's teaching experience, interest in languages and libraries, and her overseas travel fostered a commitment to education and international awareness that she brought to her leadership roles in the National Council of Women.\nThelma Metcalfe was an office bearer in the NSW and\/or Australian NCW for 40 years. In the NSW Council she was secretary (1941-1948) under Ruby Board's presidency, then president (1948-1960), a regular delegate to ANCW from 1946, and state convenor for migration from 1962 until 1981. It was through her hard work and dedication as Council secretary in the war years that the Nutritional Advisory Council was set up in1942, and, in cooperation with president Ruby Board, she helped found the Housekeepers' Emergency Service in 1943. Meals on Wheels in NSW began as a pilot project in the early 1950s, operating from a church in Newtown. Under the sponsorship of NCW NSW, led by Metcalfe, the program grew to become a statewide community service. She was also instrumental in establishing the Children's Film Council in 1950 (later the NSW Council for Children's Films and Television) and presided over it during her period as NCW NSW president. The Council provided valuable comment and guidance for parents in a period of rapid growth in the film and television industries. Metcalfe's NCW and other work was acknowledged by an MBE awarded for community services in 1956. In 1970, NCW NSW marked her 30 years of service to the organisation with an honorary life vice-presidency.\nMetcalfe was elected to represent the Australian National Council of Women at the Jubilee Women's Convention in 1951 and served as president of ANCW from 1957 to 1960, then as national convenor for migration 1962-1964. During her presidency, ANCW focused on redressing discrimination against married women in the workforce; increasing representation and participation of women in local, national and international forums; urging government ratification of the 1951 ILO convention on equal pay as well as putting its conditions into effect; lobbying state and federal governments for correlation of standards between state education systems; and agitating for measures to deal with the declining value of child endowment as well as the financial hardships of deserted wives. Metcalfe's particular interest and expertise in migration saw her represent the ANCW at the 10th and 11th annual Citizenship Conventions in Canberra in 1959 and 1960, and on the National Executive Committee of World Refugee Year 1959-1960.\nIn 1959, Thelma Metcalfe also represented the International Council of Women at the conference of the UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE, now Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific or ESCAP) held in Brisbane. This experience and her involvement in the Pan Pacific and Southeast Asian Women's Association led her to stress the importance of regional activism and work towards improving social and economic conditions for women in the Asia-Pacific area. All Councils were especially urged to focus on education in Papua New Guinea. The final conference of Metcalfe's ANCW presidency in 1960 saw discussion of the possibility of an ICW conference or executive meeting being held in Australia, or, alternatively, a regional conference. Metcalfe favoured the latter, believing it would gain government financial support in helping cement good relations with Asian countries. Although it did not eventuate during her presidency, an Asia-focused ICW seminar on International Understanding was held in Brisbane in 1964, with some support from the federal government, and the idea of a larger conference simmered in Council circles and came to fruition in an ICW regional conference on population issues in 1973, held in Sydney and supported financially by the UN and the Australian government.\nThelma Metcalfe also held office in a great many other organisations, remaining active in most till her last illness. She was a long-term member and president of the Lyceum Club, a founding member and, later, president of the Good Neighbour Council of NSW, an early member of\nNSW Pan-Pacific and Southeast Asia Women's Association from its re-establishment in 1954 and its president from 1963 until 1968, and for many years the Council delegate to and vice-president of the NSW branch of the UN Association of Australia. She was also active in the British Drama League, the NSW committee for International Children's Book Week and the Arts Council of Australia, NSW. She once remarked that she was the 'best Annual Meeting attender in Australia'.\nHer NCW obituarist, Jean Arnot, wrote that Thelma Metcalfe would be remembered for her 'significant work \u2026 in the cause of human welfare, for her perseverance, for her tolerance, for her good humour and for her great capacity for objectivity'. She died on 18 May 1984 at Emu Plains after suffering physical disability for some years.\n", "Events": "Pan Pacific and S. E. Asia Women's Association NSW (1963 - 1968)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/metcalfe-thelma-constance-1898-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parker, Judith Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE4938", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parker-judith-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Counsellor, Educator, Human Rights Advocate, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Judith Parker was an activist for human rights over a period of 50 years, with a special interest in the rights of women and children. She was particularly active in the National Councils of Women, at state, national and international levels, and was only the second Western Australian to hold the national presidency (2000-2003). She was responsible for winning the right to hold the International Council of Women triennial conference in Australia (in Perth) in 2003, the first time Australia had hosted this event. Judith Parker was also very active in the United Nations Association of Australia. In 2004, she was made a Member of the Order of Australia and, in 2009, she was invested as a Dame Commander in the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem Knights Hospitaller, honouring her for her services to women and human rights.\n", "Details": "Judith Parker was born in in 1941 in Geelong, Victoria, the youngest of 8 daughters of Amelia and Thomas Sinclair. Her parents were both English-born and raised in Australia. Thomas Sinclair managed a series of building companies, and the family followed the building boom. Parker attended primary schools in Mornington, Victoria, and Telopea Park, ACT, followed by a secondary education at the Canberra Church of England Girls Grammar School, from 1953 to 1957. She remembers as formative experiences the training in logical thinking she received at the Grammar School, and the conversations she overheard between neighbours like Heinz Arndt and Manning Clark.\nIn 1958, Parker won a scholarship to study at the Melbourne Kindergarten Training College. She supported herself by working night shifts in the Down's Syndrome ward of the Kew Mental Hospital. She witnessed the transformation in that institution achieved by the reformer, Dr Eric Cunningham Dax, who did away with constraints like straitjackets for patients. From this experience, Parker took away an enduring interest in disability, especially as it affects children. The thesis component of her degree was a study of the effects of parental alcoholism upon small children.\nOn graduating, Judith Parker worked in a Canberra pre-school, the beginning of 32 years in the ACT education system. When a supervisor refused to endorse her decision to enrol a blind student, she took the issue to the school parents and the press, and eventually won her case. A growing interest in dyslexia led her to take a post-graduate course in special education at The University of Canberra, and later a second post-graduate degree in community counselling. She put these skills to use during her last four years in Canberra by running a special pre-school for elective mutes - children who could not or would not speak. In addition, Parker ran a private counselling service assisting children through grief and loss.\nJudith's marriage in 1962 to George Parker, an officer in the Customs Department, and the births of a son and a daughter, did not check her commitment to community engagement. Across this period, she held executive office in the National Council of Women of ACT, the Canberra Preschool Society, the Canberra Mothercraft Society, the ACT Teachers' Federation, SPELD ACT (the Dyslexia and Specific Learning Difficulties Association), NALAG ACT (the National Association for Loss and Grief), the ACT Women's Health Centre, and Anglican Women ACT. As president of Anglican Women, she initiated a series of forums about women's rights within the church, generating much debate.\nParker made an enduring mark in all of these associations, none more so than the National Council of Women. She attended her first meeting of NCWACT in 1961 as a proxy delegate for the Children's Book Council, and was 'blown away' by the 'thinking' women she met, like Alexandra Hasluck and Dame Pattie Menzies. She joined as an associate member, later acting as delegate for the Preschool Society, the Mothercraft Society, SPELD ACT and Anglican Women. She was quickly taken onto the executive and filled a number of roles, including as NCWACT spokesperson to Senate committees. She was also a NCWACT delegate to the UN Decade for Women Conference in Canberra, and to the ICW Conference in India.\nIn 1994, George Parker retired, and the family moved to Waikiki in Western Australia. Judith Parker joined the National Council of Women of Western Australia as an associate member, became the state convenor on child and family, and took various positions on the executive including three years as vice-president. Most unusually, she did not hold a state presidency before standing for national president; her term as president of NCWA WA would occur a few years later, in 2005-2007.\nWhen Judith Parker nominated for the national presidency in 1999, the competition was unusually fierce, with three candidates standing for the position; Parker's victory came despite being the youngest of the candidates and by reputation the most radical. She held the presidency of NCWA from 2000 to 2003. She listed amongst the achievements of her presidency the formation in 2002 of the Australian Women's Coalition, one of three coalitions representing Australian women to government; NCWA, having been funded to provide National Secretariat services, was the designated agency for its establishment. Parker also took pride in the establishment of the NCWA Young Women's Consultative Group and, above all, the organisation of the Triennial General Assembly of the International Council of Women in Perth in 2003. To bring the ICW assembly to Australia seemed an impossible dream; the ICW president told Parker that 'the women from Europe are not going to fly to Australia'. Parker made the dream possible by winning a Western Australian award that financed the preparation of the proposal to hold the assembly, by a passionate presentation of the proposal at the 2000 ICW general assembly in Helsinki, and, finally, by persuading the WA Lotteries Commission to make a very large grant towards the running of the assembly. The conference was a great success, confirming Australia's high profile within the International Council of Women.\nDuring the 2003 General Assembly, Judith Parker was elected to the executive of ICW, with the portfolio of managing ICW projects worldwide. Over the next six years she ran 34 projects around the world to better the lives of women and girls. These included building water tanks in villages along the Kokoda Trail in Papua-New Guinea; setting up computer classes for women in Macedonia; establishing a women's collective in Kenya to buy cows and sell their produce; starting a sewing centre in India for widows forced to become prostitutes; again in India supplying artificial limbs for people damaged by war and leprosy; and in South Africa two projects: one working with girl prostitutes whose parents had died of AIDS, the other teaching women to turn recycled materials into hats and bags and brooches for the tourist trade.\nIn 2005, Parker was an ICW delegate to the 'Beijing+10' conference in New York - the special meeting of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, which reviewed the achievements, and more particularly the failures, in the implementation of the Platform for Action set by the Beijing Conference 10 years before. On her return to Perth, Parker accepted the position of convenor of the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations Association of Australia. In 2008, she took on the role of state president of UNAA (WA Division) and, in 2009, she was elected vice-president of the national body. She was active in pressuring successive governments to further the cause of human rights in Australia, in particular to sign the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).\nParker continued her commitment to local community organisations, taking leading positions in the Rockingham Historical Society, the Rockingham Family History Society, the WA Genealogy Society, the Rockingham Women's Health Centre, and the vestry of St Brendan's Anglican Church, Warnbro. She was also a member of the Telstra Consumer Consultative Committee, representing women's interests, and patron of the Partners of Veterans Association (WA). In 2009, she was the chairperson of the committee Honouring Creative Women in Western Australia.\nJudith Parker was the author of several books and numerous articles dealing with the issues of grief and loss, child development and the value of play. In 2004, she was made a Member of the Order of Australia, 'for service to the community through the National Council of Women of Australia and a range of other organisations that benefit women and children'. In the same year, she was awarded the City of Perth Active Citizens Premier's Award. In 2009 she was invested as a Dame in the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitallers, honouring her for her services to women and human rights. In 2012, she was a recipient of the United Nations Australia Peace Award.\nOn her return from the 'Beijing +10' Conference, Parker told the NCWA that: 'despite these developments all over the world, there continues a reality that women's fundamental human rights are denied. They lack basic education and training; many are unaware of their human rights; and to others rights are unattainable. The challenge is to implement the agreed goals, strategies and commitments made by governments, including the Australian government. To achieve this, non-government organizations, governments and the U.N. must work together'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ncwa-quarterly-bulletin-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/winfo\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-peoples-movement-for-the-united-nations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-national-osteoporosis-prevention-and-management-strategy\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-western-australia-records-1911-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ncwa-papers-1984-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-judith-parker\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ajani, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE4947", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ajani-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Maffra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmental researcher, Resource economist", "Summary": "Read more about Judith Ajani in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Alexander, Karen Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE4948", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alexander-karen-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist", "Summary": "Read more about Karen Ruth Alexander in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Alfred, Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4949", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfred-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yarrawonga, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Deaconess, Priest", "Summary": "Read more about Reverend Elizabeth Alfred in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Alsop, Ruth Gwyndolyn", "Entry ID": "AWE4951", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alsop-ruth-gwyndolyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Architect", "Summary": "Read more about Ruth Alsop in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Anderson, Charlotte", "Entry ID": "AWE4952", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anderson-charlotte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner, Medical researcher, Paediatric gastroenterologist", "Summary": "Read more about Charlotte Anderson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Andrews, Shirley Aldythea Marshall Seymour", "Entry ID": "AWE4955", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/andrews-shirley-aldythea-marshall-seymour\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Biochemist, Communist, Dancer, Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Shirley Andrews in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fcaatsi-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Armstrong, Gillian", "Entry ID": "AWE4959", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/armstrong-gillian\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Director", "Summary": "Read more about Gillian Armstrong in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Austin-Broos, Diane Joyce", "Entry ID": "AWE4962", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austin-broos-diane-joyce\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Anthropologist, Ethnohistorian", "Summary": "Read more about Diane Joyce Austin-Broos in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bassett, Flora Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE4970", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bassett-flora-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Flora Marjorie Bassett in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beaumont, Joan Errington", "Entry ID": "AWE4974", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beaumont-joan-errington\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Joan Errington Beaumont in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "For significant service to education, particularly to the study of war history (2020 - 2020)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bell, Diane", "Entry ID": "AWE4978", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bell-diane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Anthropologist, Social justice advocate", "Summary": "Read more about Diane Bell in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bell, Elizabeth Galloway", "Entry ID": "AWE4979", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bell-elizabeth-galloway\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Buddhist leader", "Summary": "Read more about Elizabeth Bell in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Benn, Concetta", "Entry ID": "AWE4980", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/benn-concetta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Policy adviser, Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Concetta Benn in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blackall, Alice Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE4984", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackall-alice-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hampton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Alice Kate Blackall in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blakers, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4986", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blakers-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Political advisor", "Summary": "Read more about Margaret Blakers in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blanchett, Catherine (Cate) Elise", "Entry ID": "AWE4987", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blanchett-catherine-cate-elise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Theatre director", "Summary": "Read more about Cate Blanchett in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Received for eminent service to the performing arts as an international stage and screen actor, through seminal contributions as director of artistic organisations, as a role model for women and young performers, and as a supporter of humanitarian and environmental causes. (2017 - 2017)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bond, Carolyn", "Entry ID": "AWE4990", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bond-carolyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Consumer activist", "Summary": "Read more about Carolyn Bond in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brennan, Molly", "Entry ID": "AWE4993", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-molly\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sedgwick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, School principal", "Summary": "Read more about Molly Brennan in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brooks, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE4998", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brooks-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pyramid Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Director, Producer", "Summary": "Read more about Sue Brooks in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cahill Lambert, Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE5005", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cahill-lambert-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Consumer activist, Health consumer activist", "Summary": "Read more about Lambert Anne Cahill in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carr, Stella Grace Maisie", "Entry ID": "AWE5010", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carr-stella-grace-maisie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Footscray, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanist, Ecologist", "Summary": "Read more about Stella Grace Maisie Carr in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clendinnen, Inga", "Entry ID": "AWE5019", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clendinnen-inga\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Inga Clendinnen in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooper, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE5026", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Margaret Cooper in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nDr. Margaret Cooper OAM, one of Women With Disabilities Australia's founding members and first elected President passed away on 27 October 2018.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cox, May", "Entry ID": "AWE5029", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cox-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Emerald Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mosman, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Lifesaver, Patriotic fund raiser, Swimmer", "Summary": "Read more about May Cox in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crawford, Dorothy Muriel Turner", "Entry ID": "AWE5032", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crawford-dorothy-muriel-turner\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Radio announcer, Radio producer, Television producer", "Summary": "Read more about Dorothy Muriel Crawford in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crooks, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5034", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crooks-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camperdown, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist", "Summary": "Read more about Mary Crooks in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crossing, Sally", "Entry ID": "AWE5035", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crossing-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Consumer activist, Health consumer activist", "Summary": "Read more about Sally Crossing in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cumbrae-Stewart, Zina Beatrice Selwyn", "Entry ID": "AWE5037", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cumbrae-stewart-zina-beatrice-selwyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Read more about Zina Cumbrae-Stewart in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Damousi, Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE5042", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/damousi-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Joy Damousi in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nJoy Damousi was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2022 for significant service to social sciences and the humanities, to history, and to tertiary education.\n", "Events": "Australian Academy of the Humanities (2017 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/professor-joy-damousi-2014-kathleen-fitzpatrick-award\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davis, Beatrice Deloitte", "Entry ID": "AWE5046", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davis-beatrice-deloitte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hunters Hill Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Literary mentor", "Summary": "Read more about Beatrice Davis in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-peter-ryan-1927-2010-bulk-1962-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "De Garis, Mary Clementina", "Entry ID": "AWE5049", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/de-garis-mary-clementina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Charlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Campaigner, Child welfare advocate, Feminist, Medical practitioner, Obstetrician", "Summary": "Read more about Mary Clementina De Garis in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dixson, Miriam Joyce", "Entry ID": "AWE5054", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dixson-miriam-joyce\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Miriam Joyce Dixson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miriam-dixson-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-miriam-dixson-1960-2000-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dyason, Diana Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE5066", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dyason-diana-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sandringham, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Diana Joan Dyason in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Elliott, Della", "Entry ID": "AWE5071", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elliott-della\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Journalist, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Della Elliott in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Falk, Barbara", "Entry ID": "AWE5074", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/falk-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educationist, Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Barbara Falk in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fitzpatrick, Sheila Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5082", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fitzpatrick-sheila-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Sheila Mary Fitzpatrick in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gerrard, Lisa", "Entry ID": "AWE5093", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gerrard-lisa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Composer, Musician, Vocalist", "Summary": "Read more about Lisa Gerrard in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Glanville-Hicks, Peggy", "Entry ID": "AWE5096", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/glanville-hicks-peggy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Paddington, SydneyPaddington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Composer, Music critic", "Summary": "Read more about Peggy Glanville-Hicks in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-wendy-beckett-1928-1997-bulk-1987-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wendy-beckett-collection-of-interviews-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Good, Eileen", "Entry ID": "AWE5100", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/good-eileen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Architect", "Summary": "Read more about Eileen Good in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Green, Anne Syrett", "Entry ID": "AWE5104", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/green-anne-syrett\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "KingswoodKingswood, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Read more about Anne Syrett Green in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gregory, Jennifer Anne (Jenny)", "Entry ID": "AWE5105", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gregory-jennifer-anne-jenny\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Jenny Gregory in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gribble, Diana", "Entry ID": "AWE5107", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gribble-diana\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Editor, Publisher", "Summary": "Read more about Diana Gribble in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grieve, Norma Retta", "Entry ID": "AWE5108", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grieve-norma-retta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Psychologist", "Summary": "Read more about Norma Retta Grieve in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hall, Edith Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5112", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hall-edith-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Read more about Edith Hall in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harris, Rita May", "Entry ID": "AWE5116", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harris-rita-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Read more about Rita May Harris in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harvie, Ellison", "Entry ID": "AWE5119", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harvie-ellison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Architect", "Summary": "Read more about Ellison Harvie in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Healy, Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE5124", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/healy-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, social activist, Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Joan Healy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hopgood, Susan", "Entry ID": "AWE5138", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hopgood-susan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cohuna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Susan Hopgood in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Howe, Renate", "Entry ID": "AWE5141", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/howe-renate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Renate Howe in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Johnson, Alana", "Entry ID": "AWE5150", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnson-alana\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Farmer, Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Alana Johnson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Details": "The following text is reproduced in full and with permission by ABC Open. It was originally published in May 2017 as part of an online exhibition associated with 'The Invisible Farmer' Project (LP160100555) at https:\/\/open.abc.net.au\/explore\/196247. It may no longer be available online.\nFrom 'farmer's wives' to farmers : the generation of change\nAlana Johnson, born in the mid-20th century is fifth generation farming in Victoria.\nHer growing up on a sheep and cattle property near Hamilton was significantly shaped by her mother's role as a post war farmer's wife and the post-depression hard work and 'making do' of her grandmother.\nAlana reflects on how our lives are determined by the era and conventions of the time we happen to be living.\nFeeling constrained by the geographical isolation and the social expectations of rural (and Catholic) girls in the early 1970s, Alana was desperate to expand her life.\nThe provision of free university education by the Whitlam government in 1974 profoundly changed rural Australia.\nThousands of young women like Alana were given an unprecedented opportunity to become first generation female university graduates in farming families across Australia.\nFollowing heady years of capital city university, life during the peak of second wave feminism and Germaine Greer, Alana like many of these young women returned to farms and rural communities not wanting to live the same lives as their mothers.\nThey returned as agricultural scientists, veterinarians, teachers and social workers, with tertiary qualifications their male farming partners did not have.\nThey had choices their mothers did not have, they could decide when and how many babies to have, they could earn an independent income, they determined what work they would do on their farms, they would no longer be relegated to being a 'farmer's wife' and they lead the biggest social change in Australian farming history.\nIn 1981, Alana chose to retain her own family name when she married, unheard of in her rural town and considered an act of 'extreme women's liberation'.\nShe was known to tell the shocked locals she offered her husband to take her name but he declined.\nFrom embryonic beginnings such as meetings in Alana's lounge room in the early 1980s, over the next two decades the rural women's movement spread across the nation.\nAlana was a member of the inaugural reference group for the Victorian Rural Women's Network, was a founding member of Australian Women in Agriculture, presented to the first International Women in Agriculture conference at Melbourne University in 1994, has been a speaker at and organiser of annual Women on Farms Gatherings in Victoria and interstate, was the national president of the Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women and has served on Ministerial Advisory Councils to name but a few.\nFor a quarter of a century, the Australian rural women's movement was the global leader and Alana together with many other rural women travelled the world to share their experience and support other women to become activists.\nFollowing her dream as an 18 year old, Alana truly did expand her life.\nAlana Johnson's story is the story of a generation, a story of opportunity grasped, the story of farm women networking together, becoming visible, commanding recognition for their work on farms and demanding their seat at the decision-making tables in agriculture, agribusiness and politics.\nOver the past 35 years, Alana Johnson and Rob Richardson have raised two sons and have been breeding Angus cattle and growing trees on their property near Benalla.\nAlana was Victoria's Rural Woman of the Year in 2010 and national runner up, she was named in the inaugural 100 Women of Influence in Australia and the inaugural 100 Women in Agribusiness for Australia.\nShe was the first rural women to chair the Victorian Women's Trust.\n", "Events": "For significant service to women through leadership and advisory roles. (2020 - 2020) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2018 - 2018)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alana-johnson-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-rural-and-farm-women-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kent Hughes, Constance Lilian", "Entry ID": "AWE5162", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kent-hughes-constance-lilian\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Casterton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Nurse", "Summary": "Read more about Constance Kent Hughes in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kent, Dale Vivienne", "Entry ID": "AWE5163", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kent-dale-vivienne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Dale Vivienne Kent in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kernot, Edith Latham", "Entry ID": "AWE5164", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kernot-edith-latham\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Read more about Edith Latham Kernot in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kettle, Ellen Sarah", "Entry ID": "AWE5166", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kettle-ellen-sarah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Nurse", "Summary": "Read more about Ellen Sarah Kettle in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kipen, Aviva", "Entry ID": "AWE5169", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kipen-aviva\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Rabbi", "Summary": "Read more about Aviva Kipen in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Knight, Beverly", "Entry ID": "AWE5172", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/knight-beverly\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Moonee Ponds, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art dealer, Businesswoman, Sports administrator", "Summary": "Read more about Beverly Knight in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lancaster, Sarah Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE5177", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lancaster-sarah-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pentecostalist leader", "Summary": "Read more about Sarah Jane Lancaster in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lawson, Betty", "Entry ID": "AWE5184", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawson-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Equal pay campaigner, Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Betty Lawson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lee, Betsy (Bessie) Harrison", "Entry ID": "AWE5187", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lee-betsy-bessie-harrison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Daylesford, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Pasadena, California, United States of America", "Occupations": "Suffragist, Temperance activist, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Bessie Harrison Lee in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lightfoot, Louisa Mary (Louise)", "Entry ID": "AWE5192", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lightfoot-louisa-mary-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yangerry, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Architect, Choreographer, Dancer", "Summary": "Read more about Louise Lightfoot in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ling, Coralie", "Entry ID": "AWE5193", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ling-coralie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Deaconess, Feminist, Minister", "Summary": "Read more about Coralie Ling in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Locke, Lilian Sophia", "Entry ID": "AWE5195", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/locke-lilian-sophia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Labour movement activist, Suffragist", "Summary": "Read more about Lilian Locke in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Long, Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE5196", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/long-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rushworth, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Filmmaker, Scriptwriter", "Summary": "Read more about Joan Long in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyons, Margaret Anne (Gretta)", "Entry ID": "AWE5198", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyons-margaret-anne-gretta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kyneton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Private hospital owner, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Gretta Lyons in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macintyre, Martha", "Entry ID": "AWE5199", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macintyre-martha\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Anthropologist, Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Martha Macintyre in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MacKenzie, Geraldine", "Entry ID": "AWE5202", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackenzie-geraldine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Missionary", "Summary": "Read more about Geraldine MacKenzie in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackinnon, Alison Gay", "Entry ID": "AWE5204", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinnon-alison-gay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Shepparton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Alison Gay Mackinnon in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Malowney, Tricia", "Entry ID": "AWE5207", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/malowney-tricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist", "Summary": "Read more about Tricia Malowney in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2013 - 2013)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Martin, Jean Isobel", "Entry ID": "AWE5211", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martin-jean-isobel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mona Vale, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Sociologist", "Summary": "Read more about Jean Isobel Martin in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-martin-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McCalman, Janet Susan", "Entry ID": "AWE5217", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mccalman-janet-susan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Janet Susan McCalman in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McGowan, Catherine (Cathy)", "Entry ID": "AWE5220", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcgowan-catherine-cathy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Albury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Farmer, Parliamentarian, Rural leader, Teacher", "Summary": "Cathy McGowan was elected to the Australian Parliament in the House of Representatives as the Independent Member for Indi at the 2013 Federal election.\nRead more about Cathy McGowan in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKenzie Hatton, Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE5223", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckenzie-hatton-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Missionary, Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Hatton Elizabeth McKenzie in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McPhee, Hilary", "Entry ID": "AWE5226", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcphee-hilary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Publisher, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Hilary McPhee in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-peter-ryan-1927-2010-bulk-1962-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Merry, Isabelle", "Entry ID": "AWE5229", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merry-isabelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Coburg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Congregational minister, Hospital chaplain, Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Isabelle Merry in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Eliza Fraser, Lady", "Entry ID": "AWE5232", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-eliza-fraser-lady\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Read more about Lady Eliza Mitchell, in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moore, Eleanor May", "Entry ID": "AWE5233", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-eleanor-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lancefield, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pacifist, Peace activist", "Summary": "Read more about Eleanor May Moore in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-1915-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murphy, Phyllis", "Entry ID": "AWE5240", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murphy-phyllis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Architect", "Summary": "Read more about Phyllis Murphy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nPhyllis Murphy was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2022 for significant service to architecture, and to built heritage conservation.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murphy, Violet Matilda Myrtle", "Entry ID": "AWE5241", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murphy-violet-matilda-myrtle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yan Yean, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Violet Matilda Myrtle Murphy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nInterviewed by Diana Rich in 1998, see https:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.cat-vn1809860.\n\u00a0\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Osborn, Lorna Grace", "Entry ID": "AWE5255", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osborn-lorna-grace\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator", "Summary": "Read more about Lorna Grace Osborn in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Shannassy, Kelly-Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE5257", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oshannassy-kelly-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Policy maker, Scientist", "Summary": "Read more about Kelly-Ann O'Shannassy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Patrick, Alison Mary Houston", "Entry ID": "AWE5261", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patrick-alison-mary-houston\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Alison Mary Houston Patrick in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alison-patrick\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patrick-alison\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Phillips, Maggi", "Entry ID": "AWE5266", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phillips-maggi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Dance educator, Scholar", "Summary": "Read more about Maggi Phillips in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Phillips, Marion", "Entry ID": "AWE5267", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phillips-marion\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "London, Middlesex, England", "Occupations": "Labour movement activist, Politician", "Summary": "Read more about Marion Phillips in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pung, Alice", "Entry ID": "AWE5273", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pung-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Footscray, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Writer", "Summary": "Alice Pung was born in 1981 in Footscray, Victoria to Cambodian refugee parents. Her first book, the memoir Unpolished Gem, was published in 2006. In 2008, she edited Growing up Asian in Australia and in 2011 published her third book, Her Father's Daughter. Pung is a lawyer and works as a legal researcher in the area of minimum wages and pay equity.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reddy, Helen Maxine Lamond", "Entry ID": "AWE5276", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reddy-helen-maxine-lamond\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "West Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Los Angeles, California, USA", "Occupations": "Feminist, Singer", "Summary": "Read more about Helen Reddy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reiger, Kerreen M", "Entry ID": "AWE5278", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reiger-kerreen-m\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Moreland, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sociologist", "Summary": "Read more about Kerreen M Reiger in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Richardson, Susan (Sue)", "Entry ID": "AWE5279", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-susan-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Economist", "Summary": "Read more about Sue Richardson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Richmond, Catherine (Katy)", "Entry ID": "AWE5280", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richmond-catherine-katy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Sociologist", "Summary": "Read more about Catherine Richmond in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Roberts, Shirley Dallas", "Entry ID": "AWE5283", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roberts-shirley-dallas\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner, Radiologist, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Shirley Dallas Roberts in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Roper, Lyndal", "Entry ID": "AWE5285", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roper-lyndal\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Lyndal Roper in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rubenstein, Kim", "Entry ID": "AWE5289", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rubenstein-kim\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Lawyer", "Summary": "Kim Rubenstein (pronounced Ruben-steen), a leading legal academic, practitioner and professor at the Australian National University, is Professor and Director of the Centre for International and Public Law at the Australian National University, a position she has held since 2006. In addition she was the inaugural Convenor (2011-2012) of the ANU Gender Institute. She is Australia's citizenship law expert and was one of the early instigators of feminist scholarly approaches to Australian constitutional law.\nRead more about Kim Rubenstein in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kiefel-appointment-is-refreshing-but-greater-diversity-is-an-ongoing-task\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Russell, Lynette Wendy", "Entry ID": "AWE5290", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/russell-lynette-wendy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Lynette Wendy Russell in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Schwartz, Carol Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE5299", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/schwartz-carol-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Lawyer, Philanthropist, Property developer", "Summary": "Carol Schwartz is a Melbourne business woman who has been a leading figure in the Victorian not-for-profit and corporate sectors for roughly twenty-five years. She holds one of the country's most diverse portfolios of board appointments. Schwartz studied law\/arts at Monash University.\nRead more about Carol Schwartz in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2011 - 2011) \nOfficer of the Order of Australia (AO): For distinguished service to the community as a supporter of women in leadership roles, to social justice advocacy, and to business. (2019 - 2019)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-day-honours-david-walsh-and-elizabeth-broderick-among-recipients\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sharp, Jan", "Entry ID": "AWE5302", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sharp-jan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Corbam, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Filmmaker", "Summary": "Read more about Jan Sharp in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shineberg, Dorothy Lois", "Entry ID": "AWE5305", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shineberg-dorothy-lois\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hampton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Dorothy Lois Shineberg in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dorothy-shineberg-research-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sinclair, Amanda", "Entry ID": "AWE5308", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sinclair-amanda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beaumaris, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Amanda Sinclair in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sluga, Glenda Anna", "Entry ID": "AWE5309", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sluga-glenda-anna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Glenda Anna Sluga in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/professor-glenda-sluga-2013-kathleen-fitzpatrick-award\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smart, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE5310", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smart-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Judith Smart in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "For significant service to education, to social research, and to women. (2020 - 2020)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stamp, Isla May", "Entry ID": "AWE5314", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stamp-isla-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Kindergarten director, Public servant", "Summary": "Read more about Isla May Stamp in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stubbs, Elizabeth Mary (Beth)", "Entry ID": "AWE5319", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stubbs-elizabeth-mary-beth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Kindergarten director, Public servant", "Summary": "Read more about Beth Stubbs in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sutherland, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE5320", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutherland-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Kindergarten teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Jean Sutherland in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Swain, Shurlee Lesley", "Entry ID": "AWE5321", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/swain-shurlee-lesley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Natimuk, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Historian, Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Shurlee Swain in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Australian Academy of the Humanities (2017 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Syme, Kathleen Alice", "Entry ID": "AWE5323", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/syme-kathleen-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lilydale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Read more about Kathleen Alice Syme in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tabart, Jill", "Entry ID": "AWE5325", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tabart-jill\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lay leader, Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Read more about Jill Tabart in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tankard Reist, Melinda", "Entry ID": "AWE5327", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tankard-reist-melinda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social commentator, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Reist Melinda Tankard in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Teague, Cynthia", "Entry ID": "AWE5331", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/teague-cynthia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Architect, Public servant", "Summary": "Read more about Cynthia Teague in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Theobald, Marjorie Rose", "Entry ID": "AWE5333", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/theobald-marjorie-rose\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Marjorie Rose Theobald in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tillack, Gemma", "Entry ID": "AWE5338", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tillack-gemma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist", "Summary": "Read more about Gemma Tillack in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Weeks, Wendy", "Entry ID": "AWE5351", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weeks-wendy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Feminist, Social work educator", "Summary": "Read more about Wendy Weeks in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2005 - 2005)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wilmot-Wright, Meriel Antoinette Winchester", "Entry ID": "AWE5358", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilmot-wright-meriel-antoinette-winchester\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Berwick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic administrator, University administrator", "Summary": "Read more about Meriel Antoinette Winchester Wilmot-Wright in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young, Stella Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE5367", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-stella-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stawell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Comedian, Disability rights activist, Journalist", "Summary": "Read more about Stella Young in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2017 - 2017)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Yule, Margaret Shaw", "Entry ID": "AWE5368", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yule-margaret-shaw\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Kindergarten teacher, Special needs teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Margaret Yule in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zichy-Woinarski, Gertrude Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5369", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zichy-woinarski-gertrude-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mordialloc, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker", "Summary": "Read more about Gertrude Mary Zichy-Woinarski in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Couchman, Ariel", "Entry ID": "AWE5386", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/couchman-ariel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Director, Feminist, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Ariel Couchman is a lawyer and women's rights activist who works in the not for profit sector. She is (2015) the director of the Young People's Legal Rights Centre (Youthlaw).\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Ariel Couchman for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Ariel Couchman and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nAriel Couchman was inspired to study law at Monash University as part of her journey as a women's rights activist. On campus in student politics, as a young lawyer being admitted and in the legal and non-legal positions she used the law to highlight and challenge inequality and discrimination and bring about social justice.\nIn 1987, on admission as a lawyer, she and her feminist friend, Meredith Carter, challenged the discrimination experienced at the time by women lawyers by wearing pants and requesting the title of Ms. There was much media coverage at the time and women barristers would stop them both many years later to thank them.\nCouchman and Carter both also campaigned with well known feminist lawyer, Jocelynne Scutt, to have rape in marriage criminalised and for broader rape law reform. Both had previously joined Women Against Rape in the early 80's. This collective of women supported rape victims and campaigned about the treatment of rape victims by police and the courts. Women Against Rape was represented on the Premier's Rape study advisory group. Much to the chagrin of government bureaucrats different members of the collective would appear at each meeting.\nIn the 1990s Ariel was the first legal officer at the Domestic Violence and Incest Resource Centre. She initiated a broad campaign supported by lawyers, barristers and members of the judiciary to have two young women (the Collis sisters) exonerated and pardoned. The young women were convicted of perjury for withdrawing their complaints of incest against their father after being pressured to do so by their father and by his solicitor. They were finally pardoned and a solicitor involved disciplined. The case brought public attention to the experience of incest victims in the legal system.\nIn the years that followed, Couchman and others formed the Coalition Against Family Violence and campaigned to bring to public attention the number of domestic violence homicides. They wrote a book - Blood on Whose Hands? documenting the experience of domestic homicide victims from the perspective of their family members. One of these family members, Phil Cleary, has been an outspoken advocate for women rights and domestic violence law reform since the death of his sister Vicki.\nCouchman was a lawyer for over ten years and then took up various policy and management positions with a focus on social justice and human rights. She is a registered Family law mediator and is a strong advocate for mediation options in the legal system.\nIn 2014 Couchman was invited to the Monash University Student Association Alumni Awards Night and was awarded the inaugural Tony Lang Award for Excellence in Advocacy.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawyer-scared-the-pants-of-the-establishment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blood-on-whose-hands-the-killing-of-women-and-children-in-domestic-homicides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Robinson, Frances Alice (Alice)", "Entry ID": "AWE5402", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robinson-frances-alice-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pompapiel, near Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Army Nurse, Nurse", "Summary": "Frances Alice Robinson served in Egypt, France and England and on hospital transports nursing soldiers being repatriated to Australia during her service with the Australian Army Nursing Service in World War I. Before enlisting she had been matron at Jerilderie and Queanbeyan hospitals in NSW and at Duntroon Military Hospital, ACT.\n", "Details": "Frances Alice Robinson (known as Alice) was born at Pompapiel north of Bendigo on 1 August 1882, daughter of William and Catherine Robinson. She trained at Bendigo Hospital and was registered as a trained nurse on 2 July 1909. She had been matron at Jerilderie Hospital for about four years when, in 1913, she beat six other nurses for appointment as matron of Queanbeyan Hospital. In Jerilderie she had cared for a young nephew following the death of his mother but this arrangement appears to have ceased by the time she reached Queanbeyan. Obviously a countrywoman, she was described as 'a good shot with a rifle' when she offered to join the AIF as a field nurse in 1914.\nShe resigned as Queanbeyan Hospital matron in April 1915 to enlist in the Australian Army Nursing Service and, while waiting to be called up, nursed at Royal Military College from 8 May to 30 July 1915. While still waiting she returned briefly as matron of Queanbeyan Hospital as her replacement had been unsatisfactory. Her enlistment as a staff nurse in the Australian Army Nursing Service dated from 13 October 1915. She was farewelled at the Protestant Hall Queanbeyan and presented with a gold watch and later with \u00a313\/8\/6 to purchase a uniform.\nWhen Frances Alice Robinson enlisted she was 33 years, her religion was Church of England and she named her father William Robinson, 'Birthday Villa' of Malmsbury Victoria, as her next of kin. Birthday Villa is now a boutique winery in the Macedon Ranges, named after a nearby mine discovered on Queen Victoria's birthday.\nFrances Alice Robinson left Sydney on HMAT Orsova on 10 November 1915 bound for Egypt. Her first posting was to 2nd Australian General Hospital (AGH) at Ghezireh Palace Hotel outside Cairo which had been taken over to add to the accommodation at Mena House when it was overwhelmed by the great numbers of sick and wounded being evacuated from Gallipoli. The two hospitals comprising 2 AGH had a total of 1500 beds. In January 1916 she travelled to Lemnos to nurse Gallipoli patients being evacuated by ship from 3rd AGH during its closure and relocation to Egypt.\nFor the following seven months she nursed at the British Choubra Military Hospital, Cairo, an infectious diseases hospital at that time specialising in enteric (typhoid) cases, and then briefly at 3rd AGH at Abbassia on the outskirts of Cairo. At the beginning of September 1916, Robinson joined HMAT Ascanius, a hospital transport ship, at Suez to nurse patients on the return trip to Australia. Hospital transports took 'non-cot patients' and were fitted with hammocks and double-tier bunks. After leave in Sydney, she nursed briefly at the Garrison Hospital before returning to London on HMAT Benalla.\nDuring the first half of 1917 she was attached to 2nd Australian Auxiliary Hospital (AAH) in Southall near London which specialised in the fitting of artificial limbs and then at 3rd AAH, Dartford, Kent, where war neuroses and nerve cases were treated. On 20 July 1917 she was again posted to a hospital transport, joining HMAT Euripides to make another trip back to Australia nursing returning soldiers. She had leave in Sydney then worked briefly at the 4 AGH Randwick before returning to Britain on HMAT Demosthenes. After landing at Glasgow at the end of 1917, she was attached briefly to the 2 AAH Southall but became ill with cholecystitis (inflammation of the gall bladder). Alice Robinson returned to Australia on HMAT Euripides arriving on 21 March 1918. She was discharged medically unfit on 21 September 1918 with the rank of Staff Nurse.\nAlice Robinson did not return to nursing after the war. After working as a knitting manufacturer she ran a haberdashery and manchester shop at Belgrave in the Dandenong Ranges east of Melbourne. On 18 June 1930 while living at Belgrave she married Harvey Alexander White of nearby Upwey. Her husband died about seven years later and she had three other long-term relationships. During the latter years of World War II she had a confectionery and grocery shop in Brisbane where she had relatives then returned to live in the Melbourne suburb of Canterbury. She died in an aged care home in Kew on 17 March 1973 at the age of 90 years 7 months.\nFrances Alice Robinson was awarded the 1914-15 Star, the British War Medal and the Victory Medal and is commemorated on the ACT Memorial and listed on the Queanbeyan World War I Roll of Honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-rmc-hospital-5-camp-hospital-and-21-dental-unit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-history-of-the-australian-army-medical-services-1914-18-vol-iii-problems-and-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-bombs-and-bandages-australian-army-nurses-at-work-in-world-war-i\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robinson-frances-alice\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robinson-frances-alice-sern-s-nurse-pob-bendigo-vic-poe-n-a-nok-f-robinson-william\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macartney, Alexandrina Vans (Nina)", "Entry ID": "AWE5412", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macartney-alexandrina-vans-nina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "BalmainBalmain, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Volunteer, War Worker", "Summary": "Based in Canberra from 1911 to 1916 while her husband was an instructor at the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Nina Macartney was a committee member of the Federal Territory War Fund from August 1914.\n", "Details": "Born on 20 Oct 1884, Alexandrina Vans 'Nina' Macartney (nee Zichy-Woinarski), was the first of seven children (5 girls and 2 boys) born to Flora Dundas 'Teeyah' Robertson (1860-1939) and Dr Stanislaus Emill Antony Zichy-Woinarski (1857-1920), medical practitioner, of Ballarat, Victoria. She married Captain Henry Dundas Keith Macartney (1880-1932) at St Peter's Anglican Church, Mornington, Victoria, on 18 December 1912; they had no children ('Mainly About People', 1912, p. 3; 'Personal News', 1912, p. 5; 'Family Notices', 1912, p. 8).\nNina's husband was attached to the instructional staff of the newly founded Royal Military College, Duntroon, from 1911 until 1916, when he embarked for overseas service, and again from 1919. There is no record of where Nina lived during her husband's service overseas.\nIn August 1914, soon after Britain declared war against Germany in August 1914, Nina attended a meeting of women residents of Canberra and the Federal Territory convened by the Jane Miller, wife of the Federal Territory Administrator and Secretary of the Department of Home Affairs. Jane Miller told the assembly she wished to initiate a movement 'for the purpose of helping our soldiers and sailors who are at the present moment on active service upholding the British Empire in the great war now\u2026 and for relieving distress amongst the relations of soldiers and sailors or the poor.' She proposed a division of districts each with a representative who would appeal for funds and distribute collecting boxes. All contributions were to be strictly voluntary. She suggested money collected be sent to swell the War Food Fund that had been established by the Sydney Chamber of Commerce.\nThe War Food Fund served two purposes: to help soldiers, and to benefit Australian workers on the home front by purchasing Australian produced foodstuffs and products thus providing employment at a time when work might become very scarce. The Queanbeyan Age reported that the women present enthusiastically approved Jane Miller's scheme and appointed a committee that included Nina Macartney: 'Mesdames Miller, Broinowski, Piggin, and Brown, of Canberra; Mesdames Macartney and Barnard of the Royal Military College; Mrs. E. G. Crace, of Gininderra, and Mrs. Sheaffe, of Tharwa.' ('Patriotic Fund Canberra', 1914, p. 2).\nNina's and Jessie Barnard's work appears to have been behind the scenes. In illustration of the hierarchy of military life, it is Ida Parnell, who is mentioned at Duntroon's fundraising social events.\nNina died in Balmain, New South Wales, Australia on 27 March 1965.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/duntroon-the-royal-military-college-of-australia-1911-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-official-history-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1914-1918-australia-during-the-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patriotic-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macartney-henry-dundas-1880-19320\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mainly-about-people\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-notices-weddings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parnell, Ida Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5415", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parnell-ida-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Oxley, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "CamberwellCamberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Red Cross Worker, Volunteer, War Worker", "Summary": "Ida Parnell lived in the Canberra region during 1914-1920 while her husband (then Colonel) John William Parnell was Commandant of the Royal Military College (RMC), Duntroon. She was present at the founding meeting of the Federal Territory War Food Fund in Canberra and was a regular presence at Red Cross fundraising events at Duntroon.\n", "Details": "Ida Mary Grover was born in Oxley, Victoria on 18 November 1871, the fourth of six children and only daughter of Charles Chaplyn Grover, gentleman and Anna Frances Kent. Her brothers attended Melbourne Grammar School but there is no record of where or how Ida received her education.\nOn 10 August 1892, Ida married John William Parnell, a career soldier who was then Captain in the Victorian Engineers, at St John's Anglican Church, Melbourne. The detailed report of her wedding, in the Queenscliff Sentinel, Drysdale, Portarlington and Sorrento Advertiser on Saturday 13 August 1892, indicates her family enjoyed some social status. As with many of her appearances in the news media during her life, excerpts from the news report describe her in relationship to the men in her life, and portray the clothing she was wearing at the time.\nSources for Ida are typical of those available for women of her time who feature in the historical record. She appears in social pages from 1893 to 1947 with descriptions of her outfits at numerous social occasions including a reception for actor Ellen Terry in 1914, weddings, 'at homes', balls, engagement parties, government house functions, the Lord Mayor's ball, vice-regal occasions and Duntroon events, including fundraisers, during World War I. An advertisement in the Queenscliff Sentinel, Drysdale, Portarlington and Sorrento Advertiser, on Saturday 16 December 1893 notes that Ida was to play a banjo solo for the Victorian Engineers Dramatic Club performance ('Wednesday. Victorian Engineers Dramatic Club', 1893, p. 4).\nOver the thirteen years following her marriage, Ida gave birth to four children in Melbourne, three of whom died tragically young: Dorothy May, born in 1893 died in 1896; Charles Edwin Gerard, born in 1897 died on 10 July 1904, and Catherine Doreen, born in 1901 died in 1908. Mary Eleanor 'Molly', born 1908, was the only surviving child.\nIn August 1904 John Parnell attended training courses in England but newspaper reports make no mention of Ida, suggesting she remained in Melbourne ('Australians in England', 1905, p. 5). From 1905 when he returned to Australia, his career moves suggest the family may have moved several times as he was appointed commandant of Tasmania in 1909, and transferred to Queensland in 1911 before his appointment as commandant of Victoria in May 1912. In June 1914 his appointment as commandant of the RMC, Duntroon in the Federal Territory necessitated the family's move to Canberra where Ida lived during World War I.\nOn 21 August 1914, soon after World War I erupted, Ida Parnell attended the inaugural meeting of the Federal Territory War Food Fund convened by the Territory Administrator's wife, Jane Miller, at the Residency in Acton. According to a report in the Queanbeyan Age on 25 August 1914, a representative group of women residents of Canberra and surrounding districts attended the meeting and supported the establishment of a local branch of the War Food Fund. One of the many wartime patriotic funds, the Sydney Chamber of Commerce established the War Food Fund to 'assist in relieving the great amount of distress which is inseparable from war.' The Queanbeyan Age reported that 'Mrs. Parnell, wife of the Commandant of the Royal Military College, promised to do all in her power to make the movement a success so far as the college was concerned' ('Patriotic Fund', 1914, p. 2).\nIda, however, does not appear on the committee list while 'Mesdames Macartney and Barnard', the wives of less senior RMC staff, do. Alexandrina Vans 'Nina' Macartney (1884-1965) lived in Canberra after her marriage in December 1912 until 1916 when her husband Henry Dundas Keith Macartney, was on the instructional staff of the RMC. Jessie Barnard was married to Professor Robert James Allman Barnard, RMC foundation professor of mathematics.\nFor the duration of World War I, however, Ida appears in a number of news reports, usually accompanying her husband at Duntroon events rather than in her own right. Apart from the original news report of the Territory's War Food Fund establishment, it has not been possible to find activities outside of her husband's role, let alone her inner life, despite her social status and frequent appearance in newspaper reports. On 20 October 1914 the Queanbeyan Age reported her presence with Colonel Parnell at a 'patriotic concert' in aid of the War Food fund ('Canberra Patriotic Sports', 1914, p. 2). Just over a week later Table Talk in Melbourne reported Ida and her husband were among 500 people present at a patriotic sports meeting held in Canberra on 17 October in aid of the Federal Territory War Food Fund ('Patriotic Sports Meeting', Canberra, 1914, p. 31).\nThe following year, on 23 November 1915, the Queanbeyan Age and Queanbeyan Observer reported that 'Colonel and Mrs Parnell and other prominent residents' [including Colonel and Mrs Miller] lent their patronage' to the third Carnival in aid of the Allies' Day fund, established to help alleviate distress in occupied allied nations like Belgium and France ('Canberra Sports Carnival', 1915, p. 2).\nIda features in a report of the Duntroon Red Cross Fund Grand Ball in May 1916 that was held under the patronage of her husband Brigadier-General J.W. Parnell CMG in the Duntroon gymnasium. A 'magnificent success' from both a social and financial point of view, it is likely Ida played a significant part in organising the ball ('Duntroon Red Cross Fund', 1916, p. 2).\nAt the RMC fifth annual sports day on 21 October 1916 the winning competitors had donated their prize money to the Duntroon Red Cross fund. The Queanbeyan Age and Queanbeyan Observer reported that Mrs. Parnell, on behalf of the Duntroon Red Cross Society, sincerely thanked the cadets for their generosity, and said that the money thus received would allow, amongst other things, the sending of 200 shirts to the soldiers at the front. She congratulated the cadets on the success of the sports, and handed the certificates to the successful competitors ('Military. \"At Home\"', 1916, p. 2).\nThe following year, on 27 October 1917, the RMC annual sports day drew a large crowd and again the cadets had acted generously, giving the money that would have been spent on prizes to the Red Cross Society. Again Ida presented the winners with their certificates and thanked them, on behalf of the Red Cross, for their noble action in giving the value of the prizes to the Society ('Royal Military College', 1917, p. 2).\nIda was again present when the RMC hosted a fundraiser in aid of the Red Cross on 27 April 1918 in the form of a gymkhana and sports day that raised about \u00a3100. The Queanbeyan Age and Queanbeyan Observer reported that 'there were numerous attractions\u2026 aimed at augmenting the funds of the Red Cross by extracting cash from the patrons' and that 'throwing balls at a Kaiser's head, with a chance of winning a cigar, drew a large number of triers' ('Gymkana and Sports', 1918, p. 2).\nOn 4 August 1918 Ida attended a 'Cinderella dance' in aid of the Red Cross at Duntroon's new recreation hall which was officially opened that night by the Minister for Defence, George Foster Pearce ('Duntroon', 1918, p. 2).\nFor the seventh annual RMC sports, on 18 October 1918 shortly before the end of hostilities, Ida, described as 'Mrs Parnell, wife of the Commandant', again presented the winners with certificates in lieu of the prize money which they had donated to the Red Cross as in previous years ('Royal Military Sports',1918, p. 2).\nThe Parnells left Duntroon in May 1920 when Ida's husband was appointed Administrator of Norfolk Island and they remained there until his retirement in 1924. He died in 1931. Even less is known about Ida Parnell's life from that time, than is known of her war years. She died in Camberwell, Victoria on 15 March 1950 and was buried at the Melbourne General Cemetery, Carlton, Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-official-history-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1914-1918-australia-during-the-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patriotic-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australians-in-england\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-patriotic-sports\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-sports-carnival\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/duntroon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/duntroon-red-cross-fund-grand-ball\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-territory-war-food-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gymkana-and-sports\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/military-at-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-military-college\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-military-sports\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-notices-parnell-on-the-10th-july-at-26-high-street-windsor-charles-edwin-gerard-the-only-son-of-major-j-w-and-ida-mary-parnell-aged-7-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-notices-parnell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lieut-general-parnell-dead\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marriage-of-captain-parnell-v-e\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pearce-sir-george-foster-1870-1952\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parnell-john-william-1860-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macartney-henry-dundas-1880-19320\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/duntroon-the-royal-military-college-of-australia-1911-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patriotic-sports-meeting-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mathews, Iola", "Entry ID": "AWE5421", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mathews-iola\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Feminist, Industrial advocate, Industrial officer, Journalist", "Summary": "Iola Mathews was one of the ten women who founded the Women's Electoral Lobby in February 1972. She was a journalist at The Age for many years, writing mainly on Education and Women's Issues. In 1983-4 she helped establish the Action Plan for Women in the Victorian Public Service, and in 1984 was appointed Coordinator of the Action Program for Women Workers at the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU).\nIn 1988 Mathews became an ACTU Industrial Officer and Advocate in national test cases to improve wages and conditions for women workers, including the Parental Leave test case. In 1996 she was awarded an Order of Australia Medal (OAM) for services to women's employment. She has published numerous books and articles and in 2006 established Glenfern writers' studios in Melbourne.\n", "Details": "Iola Mathews has published numerous books, pamphlets and newsletters as a journalist. The following (short) list indicates the range of her experience in the industrial relations field.\n\nWork and Family Issues: Guidelines for Negotiations (ACTU 1992)\nParental Leave: the Award Provision Explained (ACTU 1991)\nWomen in the Australian Workforce, Past, Present and Future (ACTU 1990)\nGuidelines for Part-Time, Casual Work and Job Sharing (ACTU 1990)\nRemoving Discriminatory Clauses in Awards (ACTU, 1987)\nAffirmative Action: Negotiating Document (ACTU 1986)\nNon-Sexist Language (ACTU 1986)\nSuperannuation and Women (ACTU 1986)\nLegislative and Award Restrictions on Women's Employment (ACTU 1986)\nEditor: Women at Work, ACTU Newsletter (1984-92)\nDiscrimination in Sporting Clubs, (Victorian Equal Opportunity Board, 1983)\n\n", "Events": "ACTU Women's Committee (1984 - 1988) \nALP Vic, Status of Women Committee (1983 - 1984) \nExpert Group on the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Women in Commonwealth Countries (CHOGM, London) (1987 - 1989) \nFounding member of Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) and member of first coordinating committee, public relations committee and publications committee (1972 - 1972) \nFreelance section, Australian Journalists' Association (1978 - 1980) \nNational Labor Consultative Council - Committee on Women's Employment (1984 - 1990) \nTask Force to establish a Women's Centre for Victoria's 150th anniversary (1982 - 1983) \nVictorian Women's Advisory Council to the Premier (1983 - 1984) \nWorking party to establish the Victorian Women's Information and Referral Exchange (WIRE) (1982 - 1983)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-women-count-a-history-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/regions-capital-and-job-creation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-use-the-media-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chequered-lives-john-barton-hack-and-stephen-hack-and-the-early-days-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/my-mother-my-writing-and-me-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/media-handbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/going-back-to-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-a-bedroom-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hocking, Barbara", "Entry ID": "AWE5422", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hocking-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Solicitor, Tribunal Member", "Summary": "Barbara Hocking graduated in Arts\/Law at Melbourne University in 1962 and quickly demonstrated her life-long commitment to social justice issues, particularly Indigenous land rights. She completed her LL M degree at Monash University in 1970 focusing on this topic. Barbara was admitted to practice in Victoria in November 1975 and in the ACT in December 1975. She signed the Victorian Bar Roll in March 1976 and read with Leonard Ostrowski, later QC and a Judge of the County Court.\nIn 1982 Barbara Hocking became the first barrister briefed in the Mabo case which would finally right the legal fiction of 'terra nullius' and recognise native title in common law. She was a long-standing and active member of the Australian Labor Party and maintained her political commitments until her death. In 1986 Barbara became a Senior Member of the Commonwealth Veterans Review Tribunal and Chairperson of the Medicare Participation Review Committee, and in 2004 she was appointed to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Barbara Ann Hocking and Jenny Hocking about their mother for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Barbara Ann Hocking and Jenny Hocking and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nPREFACE\n'If ever I need a good lawyer I'll get you, you're terrific!' These were the words of a kindly social worker to our mother, Barbara Hocking, following a harrowing 'discharge meeting' at a Melbourne hospital, to determine the residential fate of our aged father. Our distressed 85 year old mother had argued powerfully and passionately before a barrage of decision-making hospital staff, and rogue family members jostling for power, as her husband of over 60 years was taken from the family home against her wishes and placed in managed care. Within a week of this unforgivable final injustice our mother suffered a fatal stroke, dying just 3 weeks later, on 6 December 2013.\nBarbara Hocking graduated in Arts\/Law at Melbourne University in 1962 and quickly demonstrated her life-long commitment to social justice issues, particularly Indigenous land rights. She completed her LL M degree at Monash University in 1970 focusing on this topic. Barbara was admitted to practice in Victoria in November 1975 and in the ACT in December 1975. She signed the Victorian Bar Roll in March 1976 and read with Leonard Ostrowski, later QC and a Judge of the County Court. In 1982 Barbara Hocking became the first barrister briefed in the Mabo case which would finally right the legal fiction of 'terra nullius' and recognise native title in common law. She was a long-standing and active member of the Australian Labor Party and maintained her political commitments until her death. In 1986 Barbara became a Senior Member of the Commonwealth Veterans Review Tribunal and Chairperson of the Medicare Participation Review Committee, and in 2004 she was appointed to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.\nOur mother's life's work had been spent in the pursuit of justice, rights and equality before the law, specifically for indigenous land rights through the recognition of native title in common law. In this singular goal Barbara Hocking's body of legal reasoning, her writings and her work with the plaintiffs in the Mabo case, was profoundly significant and highly original. It was also, with the High Court's historic Mabo decision in 1992, ultimately successful.\nCHILDHOOD\nOur mother was born Barbara Joyce Browning, on 28 June 1928, into a family marked by her parents' acrimonious divorce which scarred her childhood and of which she rarely spoke. She drew upon her close relationship with her brother Billo, together with her love of books, study and dogs, to provide her with great comfort in often difficult times. In one of the many incongruities of her long life, some of Barbara's happiest childhood memories were experienced during the Second World War when, with the contingencies of war, the family shared a house with several aunts and numerous cousins. Barbara revelled in this extended family life with noisy children, dogs and loving aunts, even as they were all too aware of and concerned by the absence of men in their day-to-day lives away at the war.\nSTUDYING LAW\nIn 1947 Barbara Hocking began an Arts\/Law course at Melbourne University and moved into University Women's College, thriving in the close almost family environment and making life-long friends. These women, whom Barbara first met during her university days, remained an important part of her life and they continued to meet over lunch for decades to come, still calling themselves 'the University Women's College girls' even into their 80s.\nIt was also at University that Barbara met the man who would become her life partner, Frederick Hocking, who was then studying medicine. Fred's war-time experience had contrasted markedly with her own. He had enlisted with the RAAF at the age of 18 having already lost his best mate who had enlisted as an under-age recruit. Fred had left school at the age of 14 and had been a grateful beneficiary of Labor Prime Minister John Curtin's post-war Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme which enabled him to return to school after the war and to begin a medical degree at the University of Melbourne. Fred and Barbara Hocking were married on 18 May 1951.\nWith an impressive undergraduate program of 4 years of her law studies completed, Barbara's studies were interrupted by the arrival of four children within ten years, before she was even thirty years old. She did not forget her love of study and of the law and, with 4 children under the age of 10, showed her trademark determination and returned to university to finish her law degree. If it was unusual for a woman to be studying law in the 1940s, it was even more unusual for a woman with four young children to be finishing her law degree more than 10 years later. But this she did, and in 1962 Barbara Hocking graduated with Arts and Law from the University of Melbourne.\nFor decades, Barbara put her husband's career first, supporting him through a year's sabbatical working on a Doctorate in Medicine in 1964, which year was spent, with the four children in tow, in the quintessentially quaint village of Woodstock, living in a large old English stone house opposite Blenheim palace and its wonderful gardens designed by Capability Brown which, as a keen gardener herself, Barbara loved. Both Barbara and Fred embraced the English pub tradition, becoming regulars at the famous Bear Inn in Woodstock with local friends. It was a time of challenge for both of them and Barbara, incongruously enough again, taught mathematics (of which she admitted to knowing little) at the local secondary school and began a brief career as a lollypop lady, showing children safely across the road to and from the village primary school!\nTHE GENESIS AND AFTERMATH OF MABO\nOn her return to Melbourne, Barbara resumed her law studies and began a Master of Law at Monash University. Fuelled by what she perceived to be a neglect of Indigenous property rights in the law curriculum, coupled with a neglect of colonial legal history that would explain the incorrect application of the doctrine of 'terra nullius' to Australia, she completed a preliminary MA thesis at Monash University on 'Aboriginal Land Rights: An Australian Injustice'. In 1971 Barbara Hocking was awarded an LLM, also at Monash University, for her ground-breaking thesis Native Land Rights. With the academic legal groundwork done, she commenced work on what was to be the most rewarding part of her career in the law and began what has since been recognised as a body of work of the greatest legal and political significance. In those theses, and in her books, articles, reports and conference papers over many years, Barbara presented what was then an unprecedented argument, later vindicated by the High Court in its historic Mabo decisions, concerning the recognition at common law of a form of native title ownership in Australia.\nIn September 1981, Barbara Hocking presented a paper at a Land Rights conference at James Cook University, Townsville. The conference, Land Rights and Future Australian Race Relations, was organised by the Townsville chapter of the Aboriginal Treaty Committee and co-chaired by Eddie Mabo and Professor Noel Loos of James Cook University. Barbara Hocking's paper, subsequently published in Olbrei, (ed) Black Australians, was entitled 'Is Might Right? An Argument for the Recognition of Traditional Aboriginal Title to Land in the Australian Courts' and argued that a case should be taken to the High Court of Australian in pursuit of the recognition of native title in Australian common law. In this powerful and prescient piece Barbara propounded that the High Court be asked to determine whether indigenous Australians had a 'just and legal' claim to their lands, to overturn the specious notion of 'terra nullius' (embedded in Australian law since the Privy Council decision in Cooper v Stuart in 1889) and that it was time for the common law to be 'put to rights'. Even if such a case were not to succeed, Barbara argued, it would surely serve as a catalyst for political action: 'A test case brought by a group of Queensland Aboriginals who still live on their tribal lands, could influence the attitudes of white Australians \u2026. It might for example lead to the establishment of a Court of Claims and an Aboriginal Claims Commission.'\nAt the conference Eddie Mabo and Father Dave Passi - the two lead plaintiffs in what became known as the Mabo case - then gave instructions to Barbara Hocking as barrister and solicitor Greg McIntyre to pursue precisely such a case in the High Court, to establish recognition of traditional rights to land in Australian common law. Barbara well understood the potential significance of this case and for the next ten years it would be the central goal of her legal work as she made the Mabo case the highest priority in her practice at the bar. The writ and the statement of claim initiating the case were issued in the Brisbane Registry of the High Court in May 1982 on behalf of the plaintiffs Eddie Mabo, Dave Passi, Sam Passi, James Rice and Celuia Mapo Salee. Barbara prepared the first draft of this historic statement of claim which drew heavily on her expertise in indigenous land rights, law and tenure, especially in the framing of the legal issues, all guided by her deep academic knowledge of this area of law.\nBarbara Hocking appeared in the High Court as a member of the plaintiffs' legal team to argue what became Mabo (No 1). The High Court's Final Judgment, in Mabo (No 2), was handed down on 3rd June 1992, finally recognizing a new property right, 'native title' in common law. The High Court judgments essentially accepted the arguments put forward in her work including her 1988 book International Law and Aboriginal Human Rights. She had begun this work at a time when such an analysis was politically and academically new and challenging and she was to see her interpretation of the law in this area achieve mainstream acceptance. What drove her was a concern for justice and human rights and a fundamental belief in the law - specifically that the previous application of the law was simply wrong and that it should be, in her words, 'put right'. She was overjoyed when then Prime Minister Paul Keating took carriage of the implications of the historic Mabo decision and risked his political career to bring about the Native Title Act 1993. As Barbara's Canadian colleagues, Professor Peter Russell and Professor Wes Pue remarked: her intellectual input was indeed 'terrific'. Regretfully, the 'principle hero' of the Mabo case, Eddie Mabo, died before the High Court handed down its decision.\nIn 1992 Barbara Hocking, along with the five plaintiff's in the Mabo Case, was awarded the Australian Human Rights Medal by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission paying tribute to her foundational role in the recognition of native title and for 'her contribution to the Mabo case and\u2026work over many years to gain legal recognition for indigenous people's rights.' She later described this as her 'professional life's work.' Barbara was honoured again the following year when she was awarded the inaugural Monash University Distinguished Alumni Award for her 'visionary groundbreaking work on aboriginal land rights [which] was, through the High Court of Australia's Mabo decisions, recognised as a body of work of immense legal and political significance and an important milestone in Australian history'.\nAmong the highlights of her role on the Mabo case, she later told ABC Radio, was a visit to the Torres Strait Islands, meeting the Torres Strait Islander plaintiffs, their community and their families. Barbara was to look back on those halcyon days with great pride and fondness, retaining a life-long interest in the role of law in pursuit of justice, never losing faith in law's transformative role, and retaining the faith and spirit to argue the case for justice even up to the month before her sudden death.\nTerrific indeed!\n\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/review-of-peter-h-russell-recognizing-aboriginal-title-the-mabo-case-and-indigenous-resistance-to-english-settler-colonialism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Evans, Carolyn", "Entry ID": "AWE5424", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/evans-carolyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Dean, Lawyer", "Summary": "Carolyn Evans was born in 1970. She grew up in the outer suburb of Greensborough with father Terry, a printer, and mother Tess (then a primary school teacher, in more recent years a novelist) and younger brothers Tim and Julian. She attended St Mary's Primary School Greensborough and Catholic Ladies' College Eltham. At secondary school, she was particularly involved in public speaking competitions competing in several national and state level competitions.\nShe commenced at Melbourne University in 1989 and graduated with an LLB (hons) and BA. While at university, Evans was involved in debating and was Vice-President of the Melbourne University Debating Society. She participated in a wide range of mooting competitions, winning the Australasian Law Students Society Mooting Competition (at which she was also awarded Best Speaker), coming runner up in the International Final of the Jessup Mooting Competition (including winning best speaker in the international final), and winning the Governor-General's Mooting Competition.\nAfter graduating, Evans commenced Articles at Blake Dawson Waldron (as it then was) in 1994 and was admitted to practice in the following year. She worked across Banking and Finance, Property and Government law as an articled clerk and then solicitor in 1994-95.\nEvans was awarded the Rhodes Scholarship for Victoria for 1995 and read for a DPhil in Law at Exeter College, Oxford. Her doctoral work on religious freedom was published as 'Religious Freedom Under the European Convention on Human Rights' by Oxford University Press in 2001. During her time at Oxford, Evans was appointed to a Stipendiary Lectureship in Law at Exeter College for two years.\nIn 2000, Evans returned to Australia and took up sessional work at Melbourne Law School where she was later appointed to a Senior Lectureship. She was promoted to Professor at age thirty-eight on the basis of her internationally recognized expertise in human rights law, particularly religious freedom and institutional protections of human rights. She was shortlisted by the United Nations for the position of Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief in 2010. In the same year, Evans was awarded a Fulbright Senior Scholarship to allow her to travel as a Visiting Fellow at American and Emory Universities to examine questions of comparative religious freedom.\nEvans is the author of 'Religious Freedom under the European Court of Human Rights' (OUP 2001) and 'The Legal Protection of Religious Freedom in Australia' (Federation Press: 2012). She is co-author of 'Australian Bills of Rights: The Law of the Victorian Charter and the ACT Human Rights Act' (LexisNexis 2008). She is co-editor of 'Religion and International Law' (1999, Kluwer); 'Mixed Blessings: Laws, Religions and Women's Rights in the Asia-Pacific Region' (2006 Martinus Nijhoff) and 'Law and Religion in Historical and Theoretical Perspective' (CUP 2008). She is an internationally recognised expert on religious freedom and the relationship between law and religion and has spoken on these topics in the United States, United Kingdom, Russia, China, Greece, Vietnam, India, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Malaysia, Nepal and Australia.\nIn 2011, Evans was appointed as the first female Dean of Melbourne Law School at the University of Melbourne. Prior to this she had held administrative roles including Associate Dean Research and Deputy Director, Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies. During her time as Dean, she has overseen the final years of the LLB and the growth of the Juris Doctor program. She led the development of a clinical and experiential set of subjects through the Public Interest Law Initiative and oversaw a major Campaign that raised millions of dollars for the Law School, including a funded chair in Human Rights.\nEvans is married to Dr Stephen Donaghue Q.C. and they have two children, Caitlin and Michael Donaghue-Evans.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bolton, Genevieve", "Entry ID": "AWE5431", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bolton-genevieve\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Genevieve Bolton was born in Bendigo Victoria but spent most of her childhood growing up in Brisbane. After graduating from Mount Saint Michael's College in Ashgrove, Brisbane she undertook her Bachelor of Law Degree at the Queensland University of Technology graduating in 1994.\nShe then spent a year in Melbourne undertaking a social justice volunteer placement run by the Jesuits and Sisters of Mercy where she was placed with the then Refugee and Advice Casework Service now Refugee and Immigration Legal Centre (RILC). In that role, she provided legal assistance to onshore asylum seekers and people seeking to sponsor relatives from refugee situations abroad.\nShe quickly learnt that she wanted to pursue a career in the community legal sector. In 1995, she completed her legal practical training at the Leo Cussen Institute in Melbourne and was admitted as a Solicitor and Barrister in Victoria and obtained her first paid legal job with then the Victorian Immigration Advice and Rights Centre now known as RILC. Genevieve has also been admitted as a Solicitor in Queensland and the ACT and is on the High Court roll.\nGenevieve Bolton is currently (2015) the Co-ordinator\/Principal Solicitor at Canberra Community Law which provides free legal services to disadvantaged and vulnerable people.\n", "Details": "Genevieve Bolton was born in Bendigo Victoria but spent most of her childhood growing up in Brisbane. On graduating from Mount Saint Michael's College in Ashgrove, Brisbane she undertook her Bachelor of Law Degree at the Queensland University of Technology graduating in 1994.\nYearning to find a satisfying and rewarding path which would enable her to make a difference, she spent a year in Melbourne undertaking a social justice volunteer placement run by the Jesuits and Sisters of Mercy where she was placed with the then Refugee and Advice Casework Service now Refugee and Immigration Legal Centre (RILC). In that role, she provided legal assistance to onshore asylum seekers and people seeking to sponsor relatives from refugee situations abroad and quickly learnt that she wanted to pursue a career in the community legal sector.\nIn 1995, she completed her legal practical training at the Leo Cussen Institute in Melbourne and was admitted as a Solicitor and Barrister in Victoria and obtained her first paid legal job with the then Victorian Immigration Advice and Rights Centre now known as RILC. Genevieve has also been admitted as a Solicitor in Queensland and the ACT and is on the High Court roll.\nDuring the period 2000 to 2003, Genevieve was the Principal Solicitor of the then Welfare Rights Centre in Brisbane, now known as Basic Rights Queensland. During this time she managed a large casework practice and ran several test cases in the Social Security jurisdiction. During this period she was also an active member of the Refugee and Immigration Legal Service's Management Committee and was one of two integral members who put together a migration training program for the services' migration agent volunteers.\nCurrently, Genevieve is the Co-ordinator\/Principal Solicitor at Canberra Community Law which provides free legal services to disadvantaged and vulnerable people. In this role she manages the Centre and its legal practice whilst continuing to provide front line legal services to some of the most marginalised and disadvantaged people in the ACT community. Under her leadership, Canberra Community Law has successfully established a number of innovative programs including the Street Law program and a multi-disciplinary practice model which combines legal and social work advocacy to prevent homelessness. Genevieve was also instrumental in the establishment of the Centre's Community Law Clinical Program in partnership with the Australian National University (ANU) and has led the ongoing development of the program. The program is regarded as the ANU's flagship clinical program.\nGenevieve is currently the chair of the ACT Community Legal Centres Association and a member of the National Association of Community Legal Centre's (NACLC) Advisory Council. She has recently been appointed as a Commissioner to the Legal Aid ACT Commission Board.\nGenevieve was an inaugural member of the National Welfare Rights Network Inc (NWRN) from 2002 to 2008 and played a leading role in the establishment of NWRN as a national peak body in the area of Social Security law. Whilst NWRN's National Liaison Officer, Genevieve also undertook a scoping study on legal need in the Northern Territory in 2007 which resulted in the funding of four welfare rights worker positions in the two Aboriginal Legal Services in the Northern Territory.\nGenevieve helped set up the Pro Bono Clearing House in the ACT in 2005 and continues to serve on its Management Committee. She is currently the Secretary of the Tenants Union (ACT) Management Committee and the ACT Representative on the NACLC's Professional Indemnity Insurance subcommittee.\n", "Events": "Medal (OAM) in the General Division, Order of Australia: For service to the law, particularly to welfare rights. (2016 - 2016)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hogg, Margaret Mary Judy (Judy)", "Entry ID": "AWE5435", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hogg-margaret-mary-judy-judy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Feminist, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Judy Hogg has had a lifelong concern for the socially disadvantaged leading to her interest in law and political reform, and her involvement in the women's movement in Victoria where she was a founding Member of the Kew Women's Liberation Group. She returned to university after having children and was fortunate to graduate from Law School as the Family Law Act came into operation in 1976. As she had written a thesis on this legislation, she was placed in a strong position for entering the work force in that jurisdiction.\nAfter working for several law firms, both large and small, and for Legal Aid, Hogg started her own firm in 1985. She invited her friend Janet Reid to join her and they formed Hogg and Reid (which amalgamated as Carew Counsel incorporating Hogg and Reid in 2013). The prime focus was Family Law which was dealt with in a non-sexist manner. Her philosophy was to ensure that the law was available to redress imbalances of power.\nHogg has always contributed beyond her professional role, and has served in a voluntary capacity on many committees and boards of management, including those of\n\n Fitzroy Legal Service\nParents anonymous\nTwin Care\n Domestic Violence Committee, Rotary\n\nGo to 'Details' below to read an essay written by Judy Hogg for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Julie Hogg and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\nJudy Hogg, an only child, was born in Melbourne in 1937. Her father, Peter Spier, was a successful Melbourne architect. During her childhood, he served in the Middle East and New Guinea in the Second World War, initially in the Infantry and then in the Engineers. He attained the rank of Major. After the War he was a Director of the Australian War Graves Commission and his work took him to Japan, other areas of the Pacific, and South East Asia. He was frequently absent from home. Her mother was not in paid employment.\nJudy attended Tintern and Melbourne Girls' Grammar School (MGGS) (Merton Hall). Both were progressive schools. Ms D.J. Ross, the inspirational head of MGGS was a particular influence.\nJudy has had a lifelong concern for the socially disadvantaged leading to her interest in law and political reform, and her involvement in the women's movement in Victoria where she was a founding Member of the Kew Women's Liberation Group.\nJudy decided early in life that she wanted to have a career; she did not want to follow in her mother's example of home duties. However, in the late 1950's, she found the Law School at the University of Melbourne discouraging of women and did not complete her degree at this stage. She later returned to university after having children. She was fortunate to be graduating from Law School as the Family Law Act came into operation. As she had written a thesis on this legislation, she was placed in a strong position for entering the work force in that jurisdiction.\nAfter working for several law firms, both large and small, and for Legal Aid, Judy started her own firm in 1985. She invited her friend Janet Reid to join her and they formed Hogg and Reid (which amalgamated as Carew Counsel incorporating Hogg and Reid in 2013). The prime focus was Family Law which was dealt with in a non-sexist manner. Her philosophy being that the law was available to redress imbalances of power. She has, for example, successfully obtained orders for fathers to be the primary carers of children, and for women to obtain the control of a business.\nThe objective of the firm has always been to resolve matters in a conciliatory manner with a minimum of expense and stress to the parties and to focus on the future needs of the children and their parents.\nJudy has always regarded it as important that the firm should provide a supportive environment for employees and in particular women returning to work after absence from work due to domestic responsibilities. She has had a number of articled clerks, continues to be a mentor to junior solicitors, and has had numerous work experience students. Many of these who have had such associations have achieved distinction in their careers.\nJudy has always contributed beyond her professional role. At the suggestion of a publisher friend, she wrote 'Splitting Up', a vital hand book for people facing separation and divorce in Australia\", now in its fourth edition. The book was designed to prevent people from making decisions based on incorrect assumptions about the law, to help them through a difficult period, and to put them in touch with resources.\n\u2003\nAs well as the voluntary roles, that she has occupied, listed above, Judy has held the following appointments:\n\nVarious positions on Committees at the Law Institute of Victoria\n Founding member of the Family Law and Psychology Association of Australasia\n Instructor in Family Law at the Leo Cussens Institute for Continuing Legal Education\nMember of the Social Secretary Appeals Tribunal\nMember of the Equal Opportunity Board of Victoria\nBoard Member of Relationships Australia\n Board Member of Women's Health Victoria\n Board Member of Peter McCallum Cancer Institute\nRoyal Women's Hospital Committee\nBreast Screen Victoria Committees\nMember of Panel of Expert Lawyers advising Mediators as to the state of Family Law\n\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Schiftan, Lynnette Rochelle", "Entry ID": "AWE5442", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/schiftan-lynnette-rochelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, General Manager, Judge, Lawyer, Queen's Counsel", "Summary": "Lynnette Schiftan was the ninth woman to sign the Victorian Bar Roll (1967) and the second Victorian woman to take silk (1983). In 1985 she was appointed a Judge of the County Court of Victoria - the first woman to be appointed to a Victorian State Court.\nA Victorian Bar News article published at the time of Schiftan's appointment to the bench quoted her reflections on the early days of her legal career:\n'I experienced a great deal of prejudice as a female barrister, from the community generally, from solicitors and from the Bench. However, I suffered no such prejudice from other members of the Bar, who formed a protective barrier around me, which I remember with great affection.'\nShe was also treated well by the majority of her 'brother judges', several of whom 'were accepting and helpful particularly as it was a Court in which I had never practiced. I had three judges come to me separately unbeknownst to the other two and say, \"you haven't done much crime like this, have you. Okay how about you come at 7:30 in the morning and I'll help you.\" All offered a list of things to consider.'\nWhen Schiftan resigned from the bench in 1988, she was still the only female member of the Victorian State Judiciary. In March 1988 she joined Coles Myer as General Manager Legislative Affairs, a role requiring her to monitor the company's compliance with relevant legislation and to represent the company in an advocacy role as necessary.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Lynne Schiftan for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Lynnette Schiftan and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nI was born on 6 March 1942 and grew up in an Australian Jewish house; conservative middle class and if anything with an English slant. It was a close and very sheltered household in all sorts of ways. We observed Shabbat every Friday. It was a small gathering of family members; we lit candles, had a simple meal and talked to each other. We were liberal Jews and that identity informed our values. I attended Methodist Ladies College and the experiences there reinforced the conservatism of our home.\nThe year I was born was also the year my father, Philip Opas, signed the Victorian Bar Roll, thus becoming a barrister. My earliest memories, of the law and the Bar were at the age of five or six. My father babysat often. When he worked on weekends my sister and I would accompany him to Selbourne Chambers. These particular Chambers were built over an old wine cellar. The old wine smell remained combined with musty books it left an indelible memory - decades on I still remember quite clearly. The floors had brown linoleum floors with diamond patterns and highly polished banisters that made for a good slide for two little girls. The chambers became a playground for my sister and me. We tried on wigs, dressed up in gowns and saw grown men, colleagues and friends of my father's dressed up just like us. I also recall the rushing around, the noise and finally doors shut because serious conversations were taking place. When I returned as an adult and a barrister the building had been demolished and replaced by new chambers opposite the Supreme Court.\nBy the time I was a young teenager, I was a well-seasoned observer of the theatre of Court. When the Courts went on circuit to regional centres such as Bendigo, Ballarat, Horsham and Mildura during School Holidays, the family would accompany him. I sat in the Court and listened. By then I had a real knowledge of the roles and importance of the various individuals necessary for the operation of a Court. I absorbed it all and thought it was exactly what I wanted to do in later life. When the time came my parents were adamantly opposed to my entering a Law Course. In that time the solution was easy - I obtained a Commonwealth Scholarship and entered Melbourne University Law School. My father was concerned that if I did Law I would fail and my mother was certain that a female lawyer would never marry. I graduated with a very average LLB from Melbourne University in 1965.\nIn 1966 at the age of 24 I began my legal career journey. As it happened I returned to a very familiar regional city to do my articles. I was articled to Bruce Garde of Hillard Rice and Garde in Mildura in northwest Victoria - a well-established and regarded firm in the region. I was paid a salary of $70 per week, which covered board and a car much needed for local work and also my trips home to Melbourne every weekend. The firm's main client was the Council, it also acted for local businesses such as wineries, orchardists, cooperatives and very occasionally took general legal work and some petty crime alleged against family members of major clients.\nJust as it is today, greater numbers of Indigenous Australians lived in regional rather than metropolitan areas. For the first time I witnessed the challenges facing Aboriginal Australians. There was a community living in humpies on the banks of the Wentworth River at Dareton NSW. I was shocked to my bootstraps at the conditions and began to realise that life for some people was a terrible struggle. There was a disproportionate representation of Aboriginal Australians charged with a range of offences mainly alcohol related including drunkenness in a public place, graduating to theft, crimes of violence and murder. The local Wentworth Magistrate seemed to be constantly fighting authorities trying to keep young Aboriginal Australians, in particular, out of jail. He succeeded if the offence of drunkenness in a public place, drunk and disorderly or similar offence was a first time appearance but for \"regulars\" there was no alternative. The women and children I saw were listless and lacking any reasonable support. I also became aware that violence against women and children was commonplace. An issue that I came to learn beset both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. Unbeknownst to me it was also an issue that would define my career in years to come.\nIn 1967 I returned to Melbourne to complete my Articles at Ridgeway Pierce Freedman and Murray. It also happened to be a leading firm in divorce. I didn't know anyone who was divorced. No one in my parents' circle was divorced. Handling these cases further unveiled what was until then the closeted world of the marital home and domestic violence.\nThe day after I was admitted to practice, I signed the Bar roll on 12 October 1967. I was 25 years old, I was the ninth woman ever to do so and the first to join the Bar without some years' experience as a solicitor. I joined the Bar unhampered by legal practice or maturity but there was no plan B - I was going to be a barrister. I was \"taken in\" by my father's clerk - Mr Jim Foley (I always called him \"Mr Jim\".) I read in the chambers of Mr. Austin Asche (as he then was - later a Family Court Judge and Administrator of the Northern Territory - his practice was solely Matrimonial Causes).\n\"Mr. Jim\" accepted me on condition that I took no work other than Magistrates' Court for two years. He promised that he would then ensure I had a practice. I was sent all over Melbourne doing mainly very minor accident cases but gradually the work changed and I began to appear for what was then known as \"deserted wives\", usually seeking or enforcing maintenance orders.\nI was as 'green' as could possibly be and Mr. Jim was incredibly supportive and very generous with advice. One of his offerings was. He told me that no matter what I was never to cry in front of anyone and if overcome I should go quickly to the \"ladies\"! He didn't want anyone to see me as being weak. But when it came to the matters of child custody or inter family violence the learning curve was steep.\nOne way of ensuring work in the earliest days as a barrister was to appear in cases pro bono and this I did as often as possible. My clients were mainly \"deserted\" wives\" - a terrible term -as they were mainly women and children fleeing domestic violence.\nI married Peter Schiftan on 2 November 1968. Peter brought his four years-old son, Daniel, into the marriage. Shortly thereafter the three of us went to the Territory of Papua New Guinea for almost two years. There, in 1969 I was admitted to practice and opened the Law Office of Cyril P McCubbery on Bougainville Island ( in our kitchen in a woven matting house) where we were living. Peter worked for Bougainville Copper as a General Manager and I was approached by the consortium of Bechtel Western Knapp Engineering to become a Contracts Engineer with responsibility for translating contracts from American English to Australian English whilst also retaining the right of private practice. I frequently appeared in the \"Kiap Court\" (local Court) defending expatriate men accused of various criminal offences. The penalties to be applied were usually fines or expulsion from the mine lease and repatriation back to Australia. There were Australian Maintenance Orders to be enforced - not very successfully as Bougainville was a fairly tough place and the expatriate men were seriously tough individuals. Wage garnishee orders worked for a time but the men simply moved on to defeat the effect. There were serious work related accidents and as the Papuan workforce was drawn from various warring New Guinea Tribes a great deal of inter-tribal violence including murder.\nWe returned to Australia in 1970 and immediately resumed practice at the Bar in my own Chambers. I developed a Matrimonial Causes Act practice - doing undefended divorces. It was a pragmatic decision because the list of cases would be completed in the morning and I could then collect our child, Daniel, from Kindergarten\/ School. There was no tax deduction for child minding and in (1972) HCA 49 Lodge v Commissioner of Taxation that situation was reinforced - child minding expenses incurred to enable a woman to derive assessable income were held to be domestic in nature and therefore not a tax deduction. We could not afford any alternative but at least I was at the Bar.\nIn 1972, at 29 years of age and after our daughter, Kate, was born I again returned to the Bar. By this stage we could afford home help and that also allowed me to take on more complex work that involved days of hearing at a time. During the mid-1970s there were a few more women practising at the Bar. I was senior enough to take on readers. There were six readers in all :- Julia Langslow, Elizabeth Curtain (later Justice Elizabeth Curtain Supreme Court of Victoria) Sue Blashki (later a Magistrate in the Magistrates Court of Victoria) Carolyn Douglas (later Judge Carolyn Douglas of the County Court of Victoria) Clare Grey and Mary Slade. The work at the Bar was increasing and becoming more complex. It was a very busy but good time.\nBy this stage my involvement in Law relating to families had spanned 18 years, I was well established and pursued interests outside the bar. I made myself available to the Centre Against Sexual Assault (CASA). There were other ad hoc groups providing emergency accommodation after family violence to women and children. These services were woefully inadequate. I appeared for many of these women seeking Protection Orders and Maintenance whenever possible. By the time I became involved with CASA it was known that I had a particular interest in sexual assault and that led to me chairing the sub-committee at the Bar on sexual assault. I became the patron of Inner East Foster Care.\nWorking extensively in the general area of laws relating to \"family\", it became obvious that the provisions of The Matrimonial Causes Act 1959 no longer met the needs of a changing society. Men and women were disadvantaged by the stringency and limitations of the grounds for divorce as provided by the Act and the 'fault concept\" within the Act did not assist parties to have suitable ongoing relationships where children's custody and access were involved. Simply put, marriage was an institution still seen through the prism of religious requirements.\nI became actively involved in lobbying for change and was a foundation member of a group ultimately named Family Lawyers Association of Australia. There were many papers presented, articles written and politicians lobbied on the need for change.\nAfter a year of intense lobbying, the Family Law Act of the Commonwealth of Australia (FLA) was finally enacted in 1975. The FLA meant couples no longer needed to show grounds for divorce, but instead, just that their relationship had suffered an irreconcilable breakdown and that they had lived separately for a period of one year. Thereafter, I regularly lectured on various aspects of Family Law Act:-Leo Cussen Institute of Continuing Legal Education, Melbourne and Monash Universities as well as presenting papers at conferences in Australia, United States and Canada.\nIn 1976, I was appointed to the Bishop Committee Inquiry into the Maltreatment of Children. At the time there was no suggestion of endemic Institutional sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse was not a focus of the inquiry and it was only mentioned in the context of domestic violence. We had no submissions then or at a later committee on endemic institutional abuse. It is a stark contrast to the current (2015) Royal Commission into sexual abuse. The revelations are deeply distressing .From 1986 I was among those advocating mandatory reporting of sexual and all forms of abuse of children.\nIn Vitro Fertilisation or IVF research and advancement had made great leaps in a decade and by the time I was appointed to the Waller Committee Inquiry in 1982. It took us two years to deliver a report to the Victorian government, permitting IVF to be legalised for the benefit of married couples. Legislation then followed. It is interesting to now note that no comment was made concerning a child's right to know the identity of a donor and no provision was considered to give families the medical history of the donor. Amendments in recent years now facilitate that option. My extra-curricular interests continued with appointments to the Ethics Committee of the Victorian Bar - Family Law (1983-984), member of the Commonwealth Family Law Council (1984) and convenor of the Sexual Abuse Sub Committee of that Council (1986).\nBy late 1984, I became one of three female QCs in then practising in Australia. Joan Rosanove QC was appointed a QC in 1954 - there were no other women silks in Victoria between Mrs Rosenove and me. South Australia appointed the first female QC, Roma Mitchell, in 1962. It took almost two decades before the second female silk was appointed - that is Mary Gaudron in NSW, and the State of Victoria followed three years later with my appointment as one of her Majesty's Counsel. It is particularly pleasing to see many women now with most senior roles in the law. There is no Court without a woman. Bar Societies are or have been chaired by women but the proportion of women appointees is far below their proportion of the profession as a whole. There is a dearth of appointees from the migrant population of practising Lawyers and no Aboriginal Australian on any senior Court of record.\nAlmost two decades since I embarked on a legal career, I was appointed a Judge of the County Court of Victoria - the first woman to be appointed to a Victorian State Court. My appointment did not meet with universal approval. At the private swearing in the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court strode into the room and ignoring my husband and our two children, instructed me to take the Bible in my right hand, administered the Oath of Office and left without another word. In the County Court matters were not much better as far as the Chief Judge was concerned. I never had Chambers of my own in 3 \u00bd years. I was moved from Chambers to Chambers occupying Chambers belonging to a Judge on leave. My personal books and belongings were never unpacked.\nThere were no toilet facilities for any woman on the floors occupied by Judges. There were \"Judges\" toilets and \"Associates\" toilets on each floor. I asked for provision of facilities but was told there was no budget for such provision. I went home and did not return until I invited the Chief Judge to a press conference I was about to call on day three. Facilities were provided at my insistence for all women on that floor with a door label that said \"Women\".\nBut as I said in the 1984 autumn issue of the 'Victorian Bar News', \"I experienced a great deal of prejudice as a female barrister, from the community generally, from solicitors and from the Bench. However, I suffered no such prejudice from other members of the Bar, who formed a protective barrier around me, which I remember with great affection.\" Similarly, several of my brother Judges were accepting and helpful particularly as it was a Court in which I had never practiced. I had three judges come to me separately unbeknownst to the other two and say, \"you haven't done much crime like this, have you. Okay how about you come at 7:30 in the morning and I'll help you.\" All offered a list of things to consider.\nI was continuously sent to Circuits in the Latrobe Valley. At that time Latrobe Valley had the highest crime rate in the State and according to police data, this remains today with domestic violence topping the list followed by drugs.\nThe next three years brought more appointments and responsibilities: The Advisory Board to the Standing Committee for the Centre of Human Bioethics Monash University (1985), Deputy President of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (1985), deputy president of The Accident Compensation Tribunal (1986), Convenor of the Sexual Abuse Sub-Committee of the Family Law Council (1986), of which I was still a member, Board Member of Queen Victoria Hospital Prince Henry's Hospital and an Inaugural Board member of Monash Medical Centre. I chaired the non - clinical Ethics Committee in each hospital at which I was a board member.\nAt 46 years of age I was a County Court judge, a wife, a mother, a weekend farmer - serious farmer. We were working seven days a week; we had children who had sports activity from one end of Victoria to the other. I had obligations to my family as a whole, I insisted on doing everything so no one could say I was a bad mother but, it was exhausting.\nThree and a half years after my appointment to the County court I remained the only female member of the State Judiciary and in early 1988 I resigned. My resignation unleashed a tsunami of disapproval. Amongst the criticisms was that I 'set back the course for advancement for women for generations.' This came from women lawyers and the members of the press. I didn't see myself as responsible for all women and I wasn't prepared to accept that responsibility. At the end of all of this I was absolutely rung out and I no longer held interest in fighting constant battles with the Court. I did not enjoy the work of a judge. At the Bar there was a collegiate environment that was absent from the bench, there was also excitement and competition.\nI had no idea what I wanted to do or could do.\nIn March 1988 I joined Coles Myer as General Manager Legislative Affairs requiring monitoring the company's compliance with relevant legislation and to represent the company in an advocacy role as necessary. I appeared at Industry Enquiries and oversaw he legal services of the various businesses. I dealt with Trade Practices issues and the like and was appointed an Associate Director of Coles Myer Ltd and a Member of the 16 person Executive Committee responsible for the running of the businesses and reporting to the Board. There were no other women on the Executive Committee and it appeared to me that that was unlikely to change within a reasonable time. At the time I left in 1998 the aggregate businesses had a turnover of $17 Billion with a workforce of 165,000 people.\nI have found that the Law provides extraordinary opportunities in many diverse ways. It is my belief that the analytical training which forms an integral part of every Law Course can be massaged into any activity one desires to pursue. Even the Court process of advocacy for one's client within strict ethical boundaries allows an understanding of issues in dispute which in the best scenario modifies extremes and displays a recognition of outcomes which although may not satisfy the protagonists absolutely, gives rise to a solution which serves the parties well.\nIn the criminal sphere robust advocacy and rejoinder permit the revelation of weaknesses and strengths, which allows juries to deliberate with a clear understanding of facts. That of course is the ideal and activities do not always lead to such results but to my mind the process is sound.\nIt is distressing that more than 40 years after I signed the Victorian Bar Roll, an exercise such as this is deemed necessary. It was always my hope that by now, 2015, there would no longer be a need for discussions concerning equality of opportunity within or outside the Law. There are Judges who happen to be women in all Courts but their number is far less than the community presence would dictate. There is no Aboriginal judge in any senior court of record and we have yet to see representation from migrant groups to the extent that they are represented in the community at large. The State Bars have many women as members and in some States women chair their Bar Council. Solicitors firms have an ongoing underrepresentation of women at senior partnership level. It is all taking too long. There seems to be little political or legal fraternity will in ensuring more rapid change via judicial appointments, senior partnerships and representation of all parts of the Community - being the Community the Law is required to serve.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-bar-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-in-victoria-then-and-now\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-family-law-act-in-practice\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lynne-joins-her-father-in-the-ranks-of-qcs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-lynne-opas-family-court-barrister-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scanlan, Laetisha", "Entry ID": "AWE5450", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scanlan-laetisha\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Clayton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Shooting champion", "Summary": "Laetisha Scanlan won gold medals at both the Delhi (2010) and Glasgow (2014) Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Shooting - Trap (2010 - 2010) \nShooting - Trap (2014 - 2014) \nShooting - Trap (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hocking, Belinda Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE5456", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hocking-belinda-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Swimmer", "Events": "Swimming - 200m Backstroke (2014 - 2014) \nSwimming - 4 x 100m Medley Relay (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lynch, Rachael", "Entry ID": "AWE5461", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lynch-rachael\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Hockey player", "Summary": "Rachael Lynch played hockey for her home state of Victoria before joining the national team. She went on to represent Australia at the Commonwealth Games, the Women's Hockey World Cup and the Champions Trophy. In 2014, the International Hockey Federation named her the World Cup Goalkeeper of the Tournament.\n", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nanscawen, Georgia", "Entry ID": "AWE5463", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nanscawen-georgia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Hockey player", "Summary": "Georgia Nanscawen began playing hockey when she was five years old and made her international hockey debut in 2009. She has represented Australia at the Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Games, the Women's Hockey World Cup and the Champions Trophy.\n", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Caldwell, Tegan Alyce", "Entry ID": "AWE5471", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caldwell-tegan-alyce\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Summary": "Tegan Caldwell made her international netball debut at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in 2014.\n", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bath, Melina", "Entry ID": "AWE5474", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bath-melina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Melina Bath was appointed Member for Eastern Victoria representing the Nationals Party in the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Victoria on 16 April 2015. She holds the position of Nationals Whip in the Legislative Council.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Patterson, Eleanor", "Entry ID": "AWE5482", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patterson-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leongatha, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Eleanor Patterson began competitive high jump as a child in country Victoria. Her first international competition was the World Youth Championships in 2013.\n", "Events": "Athletics - High Jump (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Elkington, Jodi", "Entry ID": "AWE5483", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elkington-jodi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wodonga, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Jodi Elkington began sprinting when she was seventeen years old. Born with cerebral palsy, she went on to represent Australia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi and to win a gold medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.\n", "Events": "Athletics - Long Jump (F37\/38) (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thwaites, Caitlin", "Entry ID": "AWE5495", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thwaites-caitlin\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Summary": "Caitlin Thwaites represented Australia in volleyball before turning to netball. In 2014 she was part of the gold-winning national team, the Diamonds, at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.\n", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Robinson, Madison", "Entry ID": "AWE5496", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robinson-madison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Medhurst, Natalie", "Entry ID": "AWE5498", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medhurst-natalie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warracknabeal, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Layton, Sharni", "Entry ID": "AWE5499", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/layton-sharni\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mordialloc, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chatfield, Bianca", "Entry ID": "AWE5500", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chatfield-bianca\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Corletto, Julie", "Entry ID": "AWE5501", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/corletto-julie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kerang, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hallinan, Renae", "Entry ID": "AWE5504", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hallinan-renae\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Box Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ryan, Steph", "Entry ID": "AWE5507", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ryan-steph\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Murchison, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advisor, Journalist, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Steph Ryan was elected National Party Member for Euroa in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament at the November 2014 election. She is Deputy Leader of the National Party.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Boyd, Alana", "Entry ID": "AWE5519", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/boyd-alana\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Athlete, Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist", "Summary": "Alana Boyd participated in gymnastics, high jump and hurdles as a child, trying pole vault for the first time when she was eighteen. She went on to represent Australia at IAAF World Championships, as well as at Olympic and Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Athletics - Pole Vault (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chesters, Lisa Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE5522", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chesters-lisa-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wentworthville, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Trade union official", "Summary": "Lisa Chesters, a member of the Australian Labor Party, was elected Member for Bendigo in the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament at the September 2013 election.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Neil, Clare Ellen", "Entry ID": "AWE5523", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oneil-clare-ellen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Policy adviser", "Summary": "Clare O'Neil, a member of the Australian Labor Party, was elected Member for Hotham in the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament at the September 2013 election.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ryan, Joanne Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE5524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ryan-joanne-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Werribee, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, School principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Joanne Ryan, a member of the Australian Labor Party, was elected Member for Lalor in the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament at the September 2013 election. She currently holds the position of Opposition Whip.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eggleston, Elizabeth Moulton", "Entry ID": "AWE5547", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eggleston-elizabeth-moulton\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Activist, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Motivated by a burning sense of injustice, Elizabeth Eggleston was a trailblazer in advocating justice for Aboriginal people. An academic lawyer and activist - she was the first doctoral candidate in the Faculty of Law at Monash University - Eggleston's research revealed systematic discrimination of Indigenous peoples in the administration of justice. She was a founder of the Victorian Aboriginal Legal Service in 1972.\n", "Details": "Elizabeth Moulton Eggleston was born on 6 November 1934 at Armadale, Melbourne. Her father, Sir Richard Moulton Eggleston, was a barrister who became a judge and chancellor of Monash University. Elizabeth graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (second-class honours) from the University of Melbourne in 1956. At university Elizabeth was active in the Australian \/Student Christian Movement, the Students' Representative Council, a voluntary legal-aid service and the editorial board of the legal journal, Res Judicatae. After briefly practising law in Melbourne, Eggleston studied her Master of Laws at the University of California at Berkeley, graduating in 1958. She returned to Melbourne in 1961 and practised as a solicitor. Elizabeth completed an arts degree at the University of Melbourne in 1964.\nIn 1965, Eggleston became the first doctoral candidate in the faculty of law at Monash University. Her PhD focussed on Aboriginal people and the administration of justice. In 1969 Eggleston began lecturing at Monash University, where she established new courses. In 1971 she became part time director of the University's Centre for Research into Aboriginal Affairs. The Centre generated research, organized conferences, established a course in Black Australian Studies, provided resources for Aboriginal groups and individuals, and liaised with government and overseas bodies.\nEggleston was a founder of the Victorian Aboriginal Legal Service in 1972. She conducted a discussion group with Aboriginal people in Pentridge gaol and advised Aboriginal communities. In addition to publishing articles, Elizabeth made submissions to government inquiries and parliamentary committees. Eggleston returned to North America in 1972 and undertook research in Native American communities. Her major publication, Fear, Favour or Affection (Canberra, 1976), was acclaimed for revealing systemic discrimination against Aboriginal people in the administration of criminal justice. She died on 24 March 1976 in East Melbourne and Aboriginal friends sang at her memorial service.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eggleston-elizabeth-moulton-1934-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-archives-eggleston-elizabeth-moulton-1934-1976\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murphy, Isla Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE5548", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murphy-isla-victoria\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Army officer (former), Lawyer, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "Isla Victoria Murphy was born on 17 July 1913 at St Kilda. After graduating as dux from the Presentation convent school, she attended the University of Melbourne. In 1933, Isla completed her Bachelor of Arts (Hons). She completed her Bachelor of Laws in 1934 and her Masters the following year. Isla was admitted to the Bar on 1 May 1936. She practised with her uncle's firm and was described as 'the best man in the office'. During this time, she also served on the Victorian committee of the St Joan's Social and Political Alliance, an international organization committed to an active role in society for lay Catholic women.\nIsla joined the Australian Women's Army Service on 21 November 1941, where she attended the first A.W.A.S. officers' course and became captain. In 1943 she was promoted to major and appointed deputy assistant adjutant-general (women's services) at Land Headquarters. In September 1944 she became assistant adjutant-general (women's services) and was made temporary lieutenant colonel. Murphy assisted with the rehabilitation of servicewomen before transferring to the Reserve of Officers on 7 September 1946.\nWith the intention of resuming her legal career, she attended a refresher course at the University of Melbourne, where she met solicitor Horace Arthur Wimpole, who had also served in the Australian Imperial Force, and been a prisoner of war. They were married on 16 September 1947, and Isla did not recommence her practice. In 1957-60 Isla was vice-president of the Lyceum Club. She died on 4 January 1967.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murphy-isla-victoria-1913-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Sally", "Entry ID": "AWE5597", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Barrister, Chairperson, Judge, Lawyer, Magistrate, Solicitor", "Summary": "Sally Brown was at the forefront of women advancing in the Victorian judiciary, as one of the first female magistrates appointed in Victoria in 1985. She was appointed Chief Magistrate in 1990, and then a Judge of the Family Court of Australia in 1993. She has served on a number of boards, including as Chair of the Australian Institute of Criminology.\n", "Details": "After time as a solicitor, tertiary lecturer and barrister, Sally Brown was appointed a magistrate in Victoria in 1985; in 1990 she was appointed Chief Magistrate, the first woman to head a Victorian Court. Between November 1993 and June 2010 she was a judge of the Family Court of Australia and for much of that time was the Judge Administrator for the Southern Region, which included Tasmania and South Australia.\nBrown was instrumental in the development and delivery of judicial education in Australia, particularly education relating to gender and culture, and the incidence and impact of family violence. She has maintained a long-standing interest in juvenile justice, child protection and children's rights. Other interests, pursued through a range of organizations, relate to support of the marginalised and disenfranchised, including the homeless and prisoners after release, and maintenance of the rule of law.\nIn 2003 she was appointed to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women and in 2006 was made a member of the Order of Australia. She has been a member or chair of the board of numerous organizations including the Alfred Hospital, the Australian Institute of Criminology, the Australian Institute of Judicial Administration, the Australian Drug and Alcohol Foundation, the International Commission of Jurists (Victorian Chapter), the National Judicial College and the Australian Community Support Organisation.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2003 - 2003)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-in-victoria-then-and-now\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sally-brown-interviewed-by-ruth-campbell-in-the-law-in-australian-society-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young, Tamara (Tammy) Leonie", "Entry ID": "AWE5613", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-tamara-tammy-leonie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Businesswoman, Chief Executive Officer, Law clerk, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Tammy Young is the founder and owner of Young's List, a boutique barristers' clerking service in Victoria. Combining a passion for practice management and a keen interest in business, Young sought to build upon the expertise she acquired in commercial law, when she launched Young's List in 2012. Of the thirteen Victorian based barristers' clerks, Tammy is the sole female business owner, and one of only two female CEOs.\nAs a young, single parent of two small children, Tammy completed a Bachelor of Arts (Hons), majoring in history, at the University of Melbourne. She then commenced undergraduate studies in law, which she completed with honours in two and a half years. Young then undertook her articles of clerkship at Minter Ellison where she worked predominantly in taxation. She subsequently completed an associateship at the Federal Court of Australia where she gained experience in both migration and native title law.\nYoung later worked at Freehills in mergers and acquisitions, and commercial litigation at Cornwall Stodart Lawyers. She signed the Victorian Bar Roll in 2008.\nAfter the birth of her fourth child, Tammy left the Bar and took the unprecedented step of joining Foley's List as a barristers' clerk. This inspired her to start her own list of barristers, with an emphasis on commercial law.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shelton, Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE5633", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shelton-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Shepparton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer", "Summary": "Ann Shelton graduated in 1964, winning the Anna Brennan Memorial Prize for the woman placed highest in the final year law class at the University of Melbourne. She went on to be Victorian Parliamentary Counsel, where she worked with the legendary John Finemore.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Ann Shelton for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Ann Shelton and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nI was born in Shepparton in 1942. My father, John Riordan, was a solicitor there.\nAfter 4 years as a boarder at Genazzano College, I matriculated and received a Commonwealth Scholarship. Prior to receiving the scholarship I had always thought 'If I were a boy I would do Law'! I find this extraordinary now, but, I guess, being a country girl with no knowledge of any female lawyers, it wasn't so silly at the time. I am eternally grateful I received that scholarship! In 1960, I commenced the Law course at Melbourne University (the only Law Course in Victoria at that time).\nIn 1962 I was invited to join the Melbourne University Law Review, which of course I accepted. I completed my course in 1963 and on graduating in March 1964 I was awarded the Anna Brennan prize for the top female law student. I was delighted when, at this time, Columb Brennan gave me the wig of his aunt, Anna Brennan. Anna Brennan was the second woman, and the first Australian-born woman, admitted to practise in Victoria.\nI did Articles with my father, in Shepparton and stayed on there for another approximately 12 months. I loved my time there with Dad and it was all a great experience .\nBack in Melbourne, I worked for a short time, approximately 12 months, as one of the Solicitors in the free legal service of the RACV - and for the first and only time in my life, became an expert in one area of law - Road Traffic Law!\nFrom there, in the latter part of 1967, I moved to the Parliamentary Draftman's Office, as it was then called. It was subsequently renamed the Parliamentary Counsel's Office, and after this title change, the lawyers in the office all signed the Bar Roll.\nDuring my time in the PCO, John Finemore was the Chief. He was a great teacher and boss. I loved the work and John gave me many wonderful opportunities.\nI was part of the Victorian support team at meetings of the Standing Committee of Attorneys General. I found this interesting - both the work and the personalities involved. And I enjoyed the interstate travel it entailed.\nIn 1970 I took 6 months leave of absence to travel in Europe. After about 4 months I was in Norway and received a letter from John Finemore asking me to stay on in London for approximately 6 extra months to do research. After some hesitation - I was all geared to be home after 6, not 12 months - I agreed. Thank God I did, as I loved every minute of that 6 months and it was an experience of a lifetime.\nIn London I worked primarily in the Public Records Office, by the Silver Vaults. I was also in the Foreign & Commonwealth Library, opposite 10 Downing Street, and did some research in the Duchy of Cornwall Offices both in London and Cornwall.\nMy research was into early correspondence between the Colonial Office and the various Australian states with a view to discerning the attitude at that time into ownership of the offshore areas of the country.\nI reported to Professor Daniel O'Connell in Adelaide and after my return home I flew to Adelaide to assist in sorting out the relevant parts of my reports. This resulted in a book, authored by Professor O'Connell & me, entitled \"Opinions on Imperial Constitutional Law\", published by the Law Book Company of Victoria in 1971.\nIn 1973, I was sent to the USA & Canada to study their Federal systems. I took my annual leave at the same time, and en route spent 2 weeks in London. Whilst there, I was roped into doing some more research - I don't recall by whom or into what. But I thoroughly enjoyed being back in London and briefly working there again, and felt it made my whole trip worthwhile - at that time I had no interest at all in the USA and Canada.\nBefore leaving Australia I had bought a Visit USA air ticket, for $50 US. With this ticket, before starting work, I flew all round the States, including Alaska, & by the time I'd finished, I was fascinated by the States & had quite forgotten London!\nMy research work there took me up the east coast of the USA and to Ottawa and Toronto in Canada. I loved it all and again it was a wonderful experience, perhaps all the more so because I was there in the middle of the Watergate hearings! In addition to the interesting work and personalities, I was struck by the extraordinary hospitality I experienced. Although very much on the move from city to city, I was invited home for dinner virtually every night, until in the end, exhausted, I had to refuse!\nLater that year I was secretary to the Victorian delegation to the Constitutional Convention in Sydney. The purpose of the Convention was to look at the modern day working of our Constitution i.e. the reality at that time of the power sharing under the Constitution between the Commonwealth and States. John Finemore was very involved in the organisation of the Convention. It was a huge affair, including the Prime Minister and Federal Opposition leader, the Premiers and Opposition leaders of each State and numerous other elected representatives from government and opposition in the various Parliaments across the country - plus, of course numerous support staff. It was a huge amount of work but again, another wonderful and fascinating experience for me!\nIn 1974 I married Frank Shelton, a lawyer who later became a County Court judge. Quite sadly, I retired from the Parliamentary Counsel's Office in 1975, just before the birth of our first child.\nI continued doing some drafting work at home, but, to my surprise, despite enjoying the work, I found working from home very sterile, and I realised it wasn't just the work I enjoyed but the whole scene.\nSome years later, I did some work at home for Monash University. Then in 1998 I began part -time work in the Monash University Solicitor's Office, drafting the statutes & vetting the regulations of the University. This was the perfect job for an otherwise busy mother of 5 and I thoroughly enjoyed my time there. I finally retired in 2009.\nFrom my father, I believe, I inherited a love of the law. And I wasn't the only one of our family to do so. We were a family of 6 children, and 4 of us became lawyers. The youngest, Peter, was recently appointed to the Supreme Court of Victoria. And this love of the law has even gone down to the next generation - we have two daughters in the Law, and my three legal brothers each have one or two young lawyers in their family.\nThe law has certainly been very good to me and I am most grateful for all the wonderful experiences and enjoyment it has given me and for the continuing interest it provides.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bisley, Paulette", "Entry ID": "AWE5642", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bisley-paulette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Solicitor, Volunteer", "Summary": "In 1968, Paulette Bisley (nee Parkinson) became the tenth woman to sign the Victorian Bar Roll. Although she spent most of her career pursuing activities outside the legal profession, she credits the legal training and experience she received for helping to 'shape and define different parts of my life. It made me stronger and helped find my voice that I could use to help others.'\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Paulette Bisley for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Paulette Bisley and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nMy career at the Bar was fuelled by ignorance and optimism.\nI attended Elwood High School, a newly established high school, and matriculated in 1962. I received a Commonwealth Scholarship to attend University. My elder sister went to Monash University to become a teacher but I chose to go to Melbourne University to study law. The University appealed to my love of history.\nThe Law School was somewhat confronting. There were very few women and they were mostly private school girls. There has always been snobbishness in Melbourne about schools but up until then it did not concern me. At Law school, indeed at the University, the refrain was often, \"but tell us where did you really did go to school\". My parents had decided that a University education was better than paying for a private school - the stipulation being \"unless we were brainless\" and then they would have to use connections to find a vocation.\nI confess to enjoying myself at Law School to the detriment of my studies. I met my future husband at University. I passed, but many law books were left unread.\nAs a High School girl without inspiring marks it was very difficult to get Articles. I ended up, through my husband's family connections, to be Articled in Dandenong. I was set to work with an unqualified Law Clerk in Common Law. The practice was commercial and the partners largely left the Law clerk to his own devices. This was my first experience of being marginalised by a male. The clerk corrected every sentence I wrote and I dumbly believed he was helping. He hid my work and made me appear foolish in front of the partners. He was later sacked when he did this to a male colleague.\nThe politics of the office left me cold and the Bar beckoned. My inspiration came from the young barristers whom I had briefed. I knew I was bright and with the arrogance of youth and lots of encouragement thought I would become a Barrister. My admission to practice was moved by Richard McGarvie QC. Since I was a woman it was decided that I would most likely only succeed in a practice in Domestic Relations. Bear in mind I had no connections whatsoever with the legal profession, and no old school ties to help. But encouraged by a family that believed women could do anything, and with the financial and positive support of my husband, I was prepared to have a try. My Master was a specialist in Matrimonial Causes as it was then. There was no formal training to be a barrister and you relied on learning from your Master. I signed the Bar Roll and was told that a Bar Council meeting was held to determine the length of my dress. I was never sure if that was true or not. My borrowed wig (when I needed one) perched upon the bouffant sixties hair.\nI engaged a Clerk, put a desk in the corner of my Master's room, and awaited a brief. My Clerk was very supportive and encouraging. The only woman at the Bar then was Molly Kingston. I was too much in awe of her to seek any advice and she certainly did not make any attempt to welcome me. The other women were absent as Joan Rosenove had retired and Lynne Opas was in New Guinea. My Master had no idea what he should do with me so did nothing. Not once did he help, just kept saying \"have a go, have a go\". I quickly realized this was largely because work I received was nothing to do with Domestic Relations. It was largely motor accident damages described in those days as 'crash and bash', drunk driving, petty crime and the Imprisonment of Fraudulent debtors. The cases were mostly in the Court of Petty Sessions but sometimes in the County Court and rarely in the Supreme Court. None were to do with Matrimonial Causes. Cramming at night, I survived and learnt much from the men on my floor who were very supportive and helpful. I was known as Bisley Mrs.\nI could never pluck up the courage to eat in the Dining Room which was on the top floor of Owen Dixon Chambers. I could not eat in my room as my Master I discovered, to my horror, spent his lunch hour reading girlie magazines. I was appalled. Most barristers were supportive but many thought it would be fun to tease and make suggestive remarks. I was often asked what was in my brief case, was it the shopping and did I carry my books in a shopping bag. I was often asked out but I learnt quickly to say no as their motives were less than honourable.\nI duly finished my six months, slightly terrified but exhilarated at the same time.\nI set up Chambers in Tait Chambers. I was often told that \"this case is hopeless but since you are a woman you can talk the magistrate\/judge around.\" I was also advised, tongue in cheek (I thought so), to wear a low cut dress in front of some Magistrates. I did not.\nWithout adequate training and lack of support of a Master, as my practice started to build up I was becoming out of my depth. Supreme Court appearances to do with Company Law, which I had not studied, were fearful. I was and am still indebted to Harry Emery, Kevin Mahony, Charles Wheeler, Graeme Uren and the other men on my Floor for their support at this time. My biggest fear was that they would be on the other side of a case and could not help.\nDespite the loving support of my husband who believes that women can do anything, I had what is called an anxiety state. I was supplied with a prescription and told to continue working. Neither of those options was a match and I decided it was time to leave practice to start a family. My thought being that I would have children, resume study and then go back to work. However it transpired that an overseas posting when my youngest child was in prep meant I had to make alternative plans. We stayed away eleven years but my legal career was my passport to many different roles.\nMy husband worked for Exxon Chemical Company and we went first to Connecticut, USA. I learnt quickly that I could not work for money (no visa) but could do volunteer work. American women were not ashamed to put volunteer work down on their CVs. I learnt to do the same. I became involved in their Newcomer Group, that was very active as most of the population of our town was itinerant. American women moved at least every three years. These were often professional women who gave up a lot for their husband's career. My law degree was highly respected and gave me entr\u00e9e to many interesting and exciting activities including being a docent at the Wilton historical society. I could say it helped define me and my time at the Bar gave me confidence to express myself. From Connecticut we went to Hong Kong.\nI was never a lady who 'lunched'. It was important to me that the social issues that arose for women in the expat life be addressed and support systems put in place. In Hong Kong I became the Secretary of the English Speaking Members Department of the Young Womens' Christian Association (YWCA). In this role I determined the activities of the organisation.\nMy law degree was highly regarded by the Board of the Association, the members of whom were all Chinese. Indeed when it came time to leave because we were moving to Tokyo they refused to take me off their books. They even suggested that I fly back to Hong Kong weekly. On $6000 Hong Kong dollars a month I did not think so. I was told that the Chinese husbands would allow their wives to attend this very British department because I was a barrister.\nThe YWCA with its 'At Home' programme for newcomers taught me how to understand the problems relating to relocation. There were many issues, particularly for women who had had busy professional lives but now could not work and lacked friendship groups, family and an inability to network. Asia in those days was very trying for intelligent western women. In the programs we developed we were able to provide the framework from which they could launch themselves into a productive life. Again I became involved with history and museums as I had done in America.\nIn Japan I had to really stand on my own two feet as my husband was often away and we relocated into a largely Japanese community. Very little English was spoken in the 1980's. Friends were made through the Australian-Japan Association. Again my law degree opened doors and earned me initial respect. I was asked at one stage to speak on the role of women in Australia - I had not lived in Australia for some years so I spoke to academics at Latrobe University who had completed research in this area. I was a bit depressed as women had not progressed very far.\nI returned to Australia hoping to study for a social work degree and to prepare I decided to volunteer and do the course for the Citizens Advice Bureau. It was from this role that I was nominated to sit on the Legal Aid Review Panel.\nThen life changed again. I was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1995. And in 1997 we left for Singapore for a final posting. In the meantime we had started a vineyard in the Yarra Valley which was demanding my attention.\nIn Singapore I again looked to museums to hold my interest. I became a docent and trained with Singaporean colleagues. Believe it or not they were the first ever Singaporeans trained as docents for their museum (the first Museum was started in 1819). Again my law degree was my currency. I also worked with the Australian Association and worked towards making life easier for newcomers. Depression and anxiety were common among many women. Many were successful in their careers but had chosen to accompany their spouse, take a few years holiday and have a bit of fun. However many found that it was very difficult to start a new life. This was where my experience at the YWCA proved helpful. I also worked on the Magazine committee of the Tanglin Club where my Law degree gave me entr\u00e9e.\nWe returned home to Australia in 2001 and since then I have been involved in the vineyard and my three acre garden which is open often for the public for charities. I am now Chairman of the Trust of the Regional Museum of the Shire of Yarra Ranges amongst other interests.\nWhile I left the Bar many years ago the experience helped shape and define different parts of my life. It made me stronger and helped find my voice that I could use to help others. It has proved to be my entr\u00e9e to a very different life than I had imaged when I first entered the courts in my borrowed wig.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-in-victoria-then-and-now\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dwyer, Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE5646", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dwyer-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Chairperson, Lawyer, Solicitor, Tribunal Member", "Summary": "Joan Dwyer OAM graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1961, signed the solicitor's roll in 1963 and came to the bar in 1978. She had a diverse and successful career that included working as a research assistant for Sir Zelman Cowen and, when in London, for solicitors to Queen Elizabeth II.\nShe was a Senior Member of the AAT (Clth) for 21 years and Chair of the Equal Opportunity Board (Vic).\nJoan Dwyer passed away peacefully in September 2019 at the age of 79, after a five-year battle with cancer.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Joan Dwyer for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Joan Dwyer and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nI attended PLC (the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne) for almost all my schooling. I finished school, aged 16, at the end of 1956. PLC, which was founded in 1875, had been a pioneer in the field of educating women, but by the time I started there in 1946, it had changed somewhat. While it still believed women could and should excel academically, it seemed to me to emphasise conformity and lady-like behaviour rather more than any rebellious pioneering spirit.\nMy parents were Jewish refugees from Hitler. My father was a businessman. He had studied a commercial course and was always interested in acquiring knowledge. Not only my mother, but also my grandmother had attended the University of Vienna. My mother had done medicine there, and my grandmother had studied mathematics and physics as one of the very early female university students. After my birth, my mother sat an exam on 6 weeks notice, the equivalent of final year medicine, to have her Viennese medical qualification recognised in Australia. She was one of the few \"foreign doctors\" who was successful at the first attempt.\nIt had always been accepted, by both my parents and school, that the next stage for me after school would be University, which I must say I saw more as a continuation of school, rather than as a step towards a career.\nDuring our last year at school there was some discussion of suitable careers, by a teacher who had responsibility for giving advice as to careers, as well as her prime responsibility as Head of Geography. My impression of her advice is that we could do teaching or nursing, both suitable careers for a girl and also a form of community service. I did not really see myself as a teacher or a nurse and, although my mother was a doctor, I did not have a scientific bent, and therefore did not have the necessary prerequisites for medicine.\nI needed special permission to enrol at University before I turned 17, but assuming that I passed that hurdle, I thought I would simply enrol for Arts and then think further about a career when I had finished that course. When my father heard what I was planning, he said that in his opinion I was being stupid. He said that I should use my time at University to obtain a career qualification, and he suggested that I do law. My mother had a patient, Lynette Barry, who was a lawyer, as well as a wife and mother to quite a large family, and it was arranged that I meet her and talk about working as a woman lawyer. Ever the obedient daughter, I applied to do Law\/Arts at University in 1957.\nI couldn't have attended very well to whatever Lynette told me. After obtaining the necessary permission to start my course, I had to apply to Arthur Turner, the sub-Dean of the Law School, to actually enrol in law. I can clearly remember him asking me why I wanted to do law. I replied, \"because my father told me to.\" He then asked me what I thought a lawyer did, and I replied that I did not know. He asked me to think about it and I thought really hard and answered that I thought if you wanted to buy or sell a house, you would use a lawyer. He said words to the effect, \"Oh well, I suppose you can drop out at the end of first year\" and let me in. I am conscious that it was a very different world then.\nTo my surprise I found I was really interested in the law subjects of my combined course, especially Introduction to Legal Method and Torts and Contracts. All went well till the end of my third year when I began to wonder what I would do when I finished the course and whether I would enjoy working in a legal office. I went to see the Dean, Professor Zelman Cowen (later The Right Honourable Sir Zelman Cowen Governor- General of Australia) and told him I was thinking of dropping out, because I did not think I would enjoy being a solicitor. He talked me into going on to complete the course and said that if I got an Honours degree I could become a tutor in the Law School. I lacked the confidence to select the Honours questions, where one had to make a selection, but did well enough for Professor Cowen to offer me a position as his research assistant with some tutoring as well.\nAfter graduation, I did my articles at Lander and Rogers, a city firm with a large insurance company client base. I worked very closely with the senior partner Hartwell George (\"Chick \") Lander. He had high standards of efficiency and was a hard taskmaster, and a difficult opponent to lawyers on the other side, but appreciated a job well done. I learnt a lot from him and have always been grateful for the basic training I received. I found I really enjoyed the litigation side of the practice, and learnt how important it was to have a carefully prepared case.\nAfter completing one year of Articles I was admitted in 1962 and shortly afterwards left for a year overseas. This had been previously arranged, with the understanding that I would then return to Lander and Rogers. In England, due to a chance meeting my parents had had in Spain with a partner in the firm, I spent some time working for Farrer and Co, Solicitors. The firm acted for the Queen and other members of the Royal Family, as well as for many of the aristocracy and landed gentry of England, and also for famous people such as Ian Fleming.\nThe contrast with practice in Australia seemed to me quite great. All was done with the appearance of a casual gentlemanly attitude towards the work. For instance when I arrived there sharp at 9am on my first morning, to show my keenness, I was told that solicitors, as distinct from staff, did not arrive until around 9.30am. Social distinctions were to be observed. One country client, to whom I had to travel by train and taxi, in order to obtain her signature on a document, was shocked when I repeated to her some comment the taxi driver had made to me. She asked in a disapproving tone, \"you spoke with the taxi driver?\" I spent a lot of time at Farrers poring over huge old parchment title documents the size of a desk, trying to determine what lands our clients owned and what parts of their estates were common land. I prepared a document indexing all the property owned by one family and all the members of that family in order to facilitate decisions as to estate planning and bequests to the National Trust.\nOn my return to Melbourne, I resumed working for Lander and Rogers as a first year litigation solicitor, but after a while I decided that I should see what it was like working in a different sort of firm, mainly for private clients rather than insurers. I moved to Oakley Thompson for about a year and then decided to try crime at Galbally and O'Bryan. I found I was mainly doing divorce and personal injury work there, but, on one occasion, I appeared robed, as \"Mr Frank's\" Junior, on the last day of the hearing of the case of Christine Aitkin, who was charged with harbouring the escaped prisoners Robert Ryan (sadly the last man hung in Victoria) and Peter Walker. I soon realised that, although I was glad I had had the experience, a life of crime, or even work in a mainly criminal law firm, was not for me, and so moved to a very different atmosphere at Whiting and Byrne.\nI enjoyed my time at Whiting and Byrne. There were about 6 partners all with different clients and specialties, and the junior solicitors could be asked by any partner to take on a particular matter or piece of research. The firm aimed to give a high standard of service and so took care not to overload new solicitors with too much work, to the extent that at first I felt quite underutilised. In some ways, especially its costing method, it was still rather old-fashioned, but the work was interesting and the partners and solicitors were helpful and approachable. I had agreed to stay two years at interview, but became pregnant and, although I stayed working part-time until 2 weeks before my daughter Bridget was born, I could not quite honour that commitment.\nAfter Bridget was born, in August 1968, I had things other than a return to work on my mind, but towards the end of that year my husband John, a barrister, saw an advertisement for tutors at Monash Law School to start in March 1969. Somewhat reluctantly I prepared an application and sent it off. I was offered part-time tutoring and by March 1969, I was glad to have the opportunity to work again. I enjoyed tutoring in Contracts and stayed at Monash until we left to go to England in mid-1970, as John had obtained a lectureship at Durham University.\nWe loved Durham. It is a beautiful university town dominated by its Norman Cathedral and old castle. The Dean of the Law School had John lecturing in many different subjects and was also happy to provide me with some part-time lecturing in Family Law to \"keep my hand in.\" He did not believe in slacking. I accepted this opportunity even though our second daughter, Tessa, was born just a couple of months after our arrival in Durham. John was able to work at home to look after the girls while I was lecturing.\nOn our return to Australia, John became a part-time lecturer at Monash, as well as continuing his practice at the Bar, and I looked for and found part-time work. This was not easy as there was, at that time, no practice of women working part-time to combine work and family responsibilities. Further, I wanted to work as a litigation solicitor and that was considered impossible because of the demands of litigation. At one stage I offered my services to a solicitor who was known to be hopelessly inefficient at managing his busy sole practice. I suggested that he needed help and I could provide it. He turned out to be too inefficient even to get back to me.\nEventually I found part-time work with AW (Junior) Foster at a small suburban practice close to home. He was concerned as to how I would cope working in litigation, if cases came on for hearing or negotiations on days I was not scheduled to work. I assured him I would be flexible and there were no problems of that nature in the 5 years or so I worked at that practice. I left temporarily because John had a sabbatical coming up as a result of his Monash position, and he had arranged to spend the time at the University of Warwick working with Professor Patrick Atiyah in the field of common law.\nIt was interesting that once other solicitors saw that my part-time work arrangement was satisfactory, they also offered me part-time work. I did not want more work myself, but did manage to place two other friends in similar work. One remained with the firm for more than 40 years until she retired from practice.\nOn our return to Melbourne, I continued to work at AW Foster and also applied for and obtained a fractional appointment as a Senior Teaching Fellow at Melbourne Law School. But, shortly after we got back, John was invited by the University of Warwick to return and take up a 12 months appointment teaching Professor Atiyah's classes, while he took time off to write The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract.\nI decided to look for part-time work as a solicitor while we were in England that time and, after writing many letters to local solicitors, found a position with NJL Brockbank, an idiosyncratic Dickensian solicitor who ran a one man practice from a 4 storey Victorian townhouse in Royal Leamington Spa. I had said, in my letter seeking work, that I was more interested in the varied experience than in the money, so he offered me work at one pound an hour and I accepted those terms. However, on the first morning, after I had completed all he had asked me to do, and had asked for more work once or twice, he came in and announced that he was doubling my remuneration.\nWhile in England that time, I also decided to sit the exams for an overseas solicitor to be admitted to practice as a solicitor of the High Court of Judicature. A law clerk at Mr Brockbank's office said there was no way I could pass at a first attempt, which was all I would have time for in the year we were going to spend in England. He said he himself had sat 5 or 6 times and not passed yet. This both aroused my competitive spirit and warned me that I might need to put quite a bit of effort into preparation. I found an advertisement for a crammers' course and went to London for about 3 days of intensive, first class instruction. I did pass on my first attempt, but I was very grateful to my colleague for the warning that caused me to do the London intensive course. I was pleased to see that my English admission certificate was signed by Lord Denning, the Master of the Rolls.\nWe returned to Melbourne in late 1977 and I found part-time work at Flood and Permezel in the city. I found I lost too much time travelling into the city and back for school pick ups, and decided that local work was much more flexible for a part-time solicitor. I changed to work for our friend Pat Clancy at Patricia Clancy and Associates in Camberwell.\nBy 1978 our daughters were almost 10 and 8 and established back at school. I thought I could take on a new challenge and try the Bar. I arranged to read with Ron Meldrum who had a very busy general common law practice. I was his first reader and he turned out to be a brilliant master. He has an excellent knowledge of the law, but his particular skill in my opinion is in understanding the psychology of the court, of his client and of any witnesses he would be examining or cross-examining. He too demonstrated the importance of careful preparation of any case. He is also very good company and we had a lot of fun, sometimes arriving at his client's work premises for a \"view\" with me on the back of a motorbike, at other times being taken up in a small plane by our solicitor on a country circuit. I must say on that occasion it did not seem like fun to me until we had safely landed after our joyride.\nOne day, shortly after joining the Bar, I saw a notice in a lift at Owen Dixon seeking applications from lawyers willing to be a Chairman of the Social Security Appeals Tribunal (\"the SSAT\"). I did not know much about the social security legislation, but I was interested in people and in social welfare and I decided to apply. My application was successful and I found the work very interesting. We sat as a 3 member Tribunal with a public servant, a social worker and the lawyer, as the Chairman. I sat once a fortnight on a Friday afternoon. I enjoyed the mix of disciplines and learnt a lot, especially from the very experienced social worker with whom I sat. At that time our decisions were only recommendations, but so far as I know they were accepted.\nFriday afternoons were often a quiet time in Court , and the SSAT did not really interfere with my practice at the Bar. I took Chambers and developed a general practice doing some Magistrates Court \"crash and bash\", which was my least favourite type of work as I considered the results were often very random. I found it difficult to predict which driver the Magistrate would accept. I was surprised by some of my wins, as well as by some of my losses. After a time I seemed to develop specialties. I was often sent to the Childrens' Court to oppose applications that children be removed from their families, and also fought some such matters on appeal in the County Court. I did a number of Practice Court applications for an extension of time, in which to commence personal injury litigation. I did some Family Court work and some building and contract cases.\nI was pleased that I had come to the Bar as it had always had a mystique or allure, but in some ways I missed the ongoing contact that a suburban solicitor has with clients. Also there is a great deal of tension and strain in running a hotly contested matter, which may go on for several weeks. While it was great to have such work it was also stressful for me and for John and sometimes for the girls.\nThen one day in late 1980, out of the blue, I received a telephone call from Yolande Klempfner, who was, at the time, the Premier's Adviser on Womens' Affairs. She asked whether I would be interested in applying for the position of Chairman of the Equal Opportunity Board. The Equal Opportunity Act had been passed in 1977 and the term of appointment of the first Chairman was almost up. I understood that Yola was making similar calls to a number of possible applicants.\nAt first I was uncertain as to whether I wanted to leave the Bar so soon, but both John and my father thought I should definitely apply and so I went ahead. When I was told I had an interview, I bought a new dress for the occasion (\"the interview dress\", which I still have) and rather nervously entered the Department of Premier and Cabinet for the first time. The main thing I remember being asked was whether I would feel overawed if I had QC's appearing before me. I replied that as I lived with one and did his washing etc, (John having taken silk by that time) I was not likely to be overawed. I had the feeling that it was that answer which clinched the interview for me.\nI was appointed on 2 March 1981. I found my position had varied responsibilities. An important one was educating the community about the concept of equal opportunity. Rather to my surprise I found I had speaking engagements even during my first week in the job. I remember feeling it was rather like jumping into a swimming pool, to give my first lunch time talk about equal opportunity when I had had practically no time to get accustomed to the new position. But jump in I did, and I seemed to swim alright, so from that time on I enjoyed my speaking engagements. I liked meeting all the different school, country and city groups who invited me as speaker and dealing with the varied questions.\nI also had an office and staff to manage, which was another new experience for me, in which I was very much assisted by the Registrar, Karen Maynard. In my new role, I became exposed for the first time to the workings of government and endless meetings of highly paid public servants about compliance with United Nations Conventions. The aim seemed to be to do as little as possible, and say as little as possible about what we were actually doing, but to clothe that little in very precise language. Having some input into the drafting of new legislation, for instance amendments to the Equal Opportunity Act to make discrimination on the ground of disability unlawful, was more rewarding.\nI found that I very much enjoyed conducting the hearings of the Equal Opportunity Board. In some cases we had to decide whether there had been unlawful discrimination, and in others whether there was a valid reason to grant an exemption from the provisions of the Act. We always sat as a three member Board and I valued the experience my fellow members, Ian Sharp, a former Judge of the Australian and Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, and Don Ross, a former Commissioner of the State Bank and of the Housing Commission of Victoria, brought to our work. In those days there was a great deal of supportive media interest in the work of the Equal Opportunity Board, and the media was present whenever we delivered a reserved decision. Usually our decision would be reported on the news that evening.\nWhen it was coming close to the end of my three year term, there was no indication given to me as to whether or not I should expect to be reappointed. I was perhaps rather old-fashioned and felt that it was for the government to advise me of its intentions rather than for me to seek an indication. During that period I saw an advertisement for Senior Members of the Commonwealth Administrative Appeals Tribunal (the \"AAT\"). I decided to apply. There were some delays for various reasons, but eventually I was offered and accepted a tenured appointment to age 65 as a Senior Member of the AAT. The Victorian government appeared to be surprised that I had applied for another position, and, by arrangement between the two governments, I held both positions for part of 1984, although I did not actually do any hearings for the EOB, and the Registrar and other staff ran things there and only rarely asked me for input.\n At the AAT I had found my perfect position and I stayed there for the full 21 years remaining till I turned 65. In 1984 it was very rewarding to be a Senior Member of the AAT. The work was exciting. The idea of having external merits review of the decisions of public servants was innovative, not only in Australia but internationally. After a period of some resistance among the higher echelons of the public service, the AAT, under its wise and learned first President, The Honourable Justice Gerard Brennan, had gained general acceptance, and recognition of the high standard of its decision-making.\nWhen I started, The Honourable Justice Daryl Davies had recently become the second President of the AAT. He was assisted by Deputy Presidents Alan Hall and Robert Todd. The Act required that reasons for decision be delivered and it was impressed upon the Senior Members that our work was to be of a very high standard. We were expected to take great care with, and pride in, our decision writing and to clearly set out the relevant legislative provisions as well as our reasoning leading to our findings of fact; and to explain how the legislative provisions applied to the facts as we had found them. Where we were setting aside the decision under review, it was important that we explain clearly to the decision-maker why the decision had not been the correct or preferable decision, but it was also always appropriate to write our decisions so that a lay party could understand and follow the reasoning. In order to assist us in producing work of a high standard, all full-time Senior members were entitled to a legally qualified Associate as well as a personal assistant.\nAs I had done before on the SSAT and the EOB, we usually sat as a three member tribunal and there was much to be gained from the combined experience of the many part-time members with very different specialist expertise ranging from medicine, social work, business, the armed services, aviation and other qualifications.\nI am very much a \"people sort of person\" and I felt privileged to share the life stories of the many applicants who appeared before us, either in person or with legal representation. When the legislation allowed us to right what appeared to be a wrong, that was satisfying. Where it did not, it sometimes seemed to me to be worth pointing out to the legislature in the reasons for decision, that, in the particular circumstances before us, the legislation might not serve the purpose desired, or might be able to be finely tuned to provide a more just result .\nIn the early days of my appointment, there were not very many Senior Members of the AAT, and so the Sydney and Melbourne full-time members were expected to travel quite a bit, especially to the states which had few members. It was great fun to visit and sit in Perth, Brisbane, Canberra and Adelaide, often for two weeks at a time, with a weekend free for sightseeing in the middle. Each state seemed to have slightly different customs or styles of advocacy and that added interest. Also meeting and sitting with, and sometimes visiting the homes of, the interstate members added to a friendly collegiate atmosphere. In later years there were more members in each state, and less interstate interchange, and I certainly travelled less.\nAnother aspect of the role of the AAT which particularly suited me, was our flexibility as to the procedures we adopted. As I have explained in a number of published articles, The AAT Act 1975, in s 33(1)(b), provided that the Tribunal should conduct its proceedings with as little formality and technicality as a proper consideration of the matters before it permitted; and, in s33(1)\u00a9, that the Tribunal was not bound by the rules of evidence and may inform itself on any matter in such manner as it thinks appropriate, always of course complying with the rules of natural justice.\nPerhaps because of my parents' continental background, and in particular my father's discussion of these matters, I have never been convinced that an adversarial system of justice is clearly preferable to an inquisitorial or investigative system of justice. The AAT Act allowed me to consider the application of some flexibility in hearings. Although some learned Presidential Members had declared that the AAT was not an inquisitorial body, there were some instances where the opposite view had been expressed. I became very interested in this issue. I sometimes suggested to the parties that certain evidence be called in order to inform the Tribunal as to a certain issue. I also started to publish papers on the powers of the AAT and its use of those powers to achieve a fair result. In that connection I also wrote about the use of expert witnesses in hearings.\nI presented papers at a number of conferences and my interests extended to cover papers on disability issues, such as one on Access to Justice for people with Severe Communication Impairment. I enjoyed the intellectual exercise of writing and presenting papers on somewhat controversial areas.\nAs I have already said, I remained a Senior Member of the AAT until my statutory retirement age of 65 in 2005. There were some changes over those 21 years, which to me did not seem to improve the independence or standing or high standards of the Tribunal, but I adopt the view of Justice Brennan in his opening address at the 1996 conference to mark the Twentieth Anniversary of the AAT:\nHaving been away from the coalface of the AAT for seventeen years, I do not presume to pontificate on what, or more significantly, who the AAT should be to-day.\nAs I came close to my statutory retirement age, I realised that although I did not mind the idea of semi-retirement, especially as John was retired by then, I did not want to give up all professional legal work. I first applied to become a member of the Aboriginal Housing Board of Victoria. It was an honorary position and after I was appointed, I learnt that I was the only applicant for the position which required legal qualifications. There were interesting aspects of the work, new people to meet and work with, and some travel to hold Board meetings in country areas and meet the local aboriginal communities. But there were also some conflicts and tensions as to management and governance issues and, after about eighteen months, I tendered my resignation.\nDuring my working career, I had realised that I was particularly interested in medico-legal issues. I had been a member of the Committee of DEAL Communication Centre (now the Ann McDonald Centre) for many years and as already mentioned had worked to have discrimination on the ground of disability made unlawful under the Equal Opportunity Act 1978 (Vic), and had written on disability issues. I decided to apply for positions on hearing panels under various health professional regulatory Acts, and to apply for appointment to the Mental Health Review Board.\nI was successful in being appointed to the list from which hearing panels were selected under the Medical Practice Act 1994 and under legislation for the regulation of Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Nurses. I was not appointed to sit on many hearings but, when I did sit, it was always interesting and challenging in many different respects. Although still eligible to sit, I have not been asked to do so since many of the Boards were brought together under the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (\"AHPRA\") in 2009.\nI found that I had a philosophical difference of opinion on the issue of the current significance attached to sexual relations between health professionals and former patients, where both were adults and there was no evidence of coercion or demonstrable undue influence. As research by others has shown, the odds of removal from practice (ie suspension or cancellation) were 22 times higher [81%] in cases in which doctors were found to have had a sexual relationship with a patient compared with all other cases, such as errors in care delivery, poor clinical judgement or lack of knowledge. ( Removal of doctors from practice for professional misconduct in Australia and New Zealand Elkin, Spittal, Elkin and Studdert BMJ Qual Saf published online July 21 2012).\nIt seemed to me that the argument that there must always be undue influence due to an imbalance of power in such relationships was more an article of faith than a matter that could be proven in each case. Eventually, I wrote and delivered a paper on the issue (Is there as much need for Protection as Health Professional Boards and Tribunals seem to believe? Delivered to the 14th Greek\/Australian Legal and Medical Conference in Greece in 2013).\nLuckily my application to become a member of the Mental Health Review Board was successful. I have now been sitting as a part-time member of the Board and, since July 2014 of its replacement, the Mental Health Tribunal, for almost ten years. I have found the work both interesting and informative as well as very rewarding. I have learnt a lot about mental illness, its causes, its treatment and the distressing consequences for those who suffer with it. Once again, the interactions with colleagues from different backgrounds have been enjoyable and it is good to still be using my legal skills in an informal hearing situation.\nThe law has provided me with very many challenges, many worries and sleepless nights, but continuing interest and intellectual stimulation and many rewarding friendships and other relationships. I am ever grateful to my parents for giving me the encouragement and advice to study law, and to Arthur Turner for letting me enrol in the Law School, in spite of my unimpressive performance at that first interview. I am also grateful to Professor Zelman Cowen for persuading and encouraging me to continue and complete my course and to all the employers and colleagues and staff who have helped me along the way.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-golden-reunion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McCay, Beatrix", "Entry ID": "AWE5652", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mccay-beatrix\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Volunteer", "Summary": "Beatrix (Bix) McCay was the second woman to sign the Victorian Bar Roll when she did so in 1925. Unfortunately, her career at the Bar was cut short by a diagnosis of tuberculosis and the requisite sojourn in a sanitorium and subsequent convalescence. She nevertheless went on to contribute to public life through her involvement in numerous community organisations, including the Red Cross and the Girl Guides.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a tribute to Beatrix McCay written by her daughter in 2009, for which permission to reproduce has been granted for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Sophie Quinlivan (Beatrix McCay's daughter) and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\nBeatrix (Bix) McCay was born on 8 January, 1901 in Castlemaine. Her only sibling, Mardie was 4 years older. Both spoke of a childhood in which one of the highlights was being read to by their father, both stories and verses he wrote for them and the \"Thinking\" games they would play. This 'pre-school' education in language, literature, classics and mathematics was delivered by no mean teacher - their father, James McCay was, in 1885, co-owner and co principal of Castlemaine Grammar School, was M.A., LLM., wrote for The Argus and from 1901 to 1906 was a member of the Federal Parliament, Above all, James McCay was passionate about the rights of women to obtain as good an education as their male counterparts, and he did all he could to ensure that his daughters received that good education.\nBix's early formal education was at Castlemaine with a brief interlude at the Ballarat convent. Her mother died suddenly in July, 1915, the same month that her father was wounded in Gallipoli so her latter secondary years from 1916 were spent as a border at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Burke Road, East Malvern.\nIn 1918, Bix commenced her studies at Melbourne University, initially for a Bachelor of Arts, but in 1919 began a combined Arts\/ Law course. She was in residence at Janet Clarke Hall from 1918 to 1920. She enjoyed university life, participating in many extra curricular activities including theatre, sport, particularly hockey and regular volunteer service at Yooralla Kindergarten for disabled children\nShe bought a motorbike and became a familiar figure in breeches, leggings and leather coat around the University and, after graduation, around Melbourne town itself. To quote Smith's Weekly's Sidelights on 09.01.32:\n\u2026. It was the said Bix who in her Janet Clarke Hall days used to startle the natives by careering around on a motorbike clad in breeches and leggings.\nIn 1923, Bix graduated LLB (with honours) and in 1925 graduated LLM being, at that time, only the third woman to have done so. She did her articles with Moules Solicitors.\nIn 1925, she was admitted to the 'Bar', the second woman to be admitted to the Bar, in Victoria. Bix read with Bob Menzies. She was the only woman at Selbourne Chambers at that time and it was with great joy and pleasure that she spoke of those two to three years. She had a great admiration for Menzies and I believe he respected her ability. She greatly enjoyed discussing points of law with other lawyers, was very quick mentally, was accurate in her analysis of material, had a good sense of humour and was a good speaker. I particularly admired her impromptu speaking.\nUnfortunately, her career at the Bar was cut short by a diagnosis of tuberculosis and the requisite sojourn in a sanitorium and subsequent convalescence.\nIn August 1930, she married George Reid, my father, the marriage having been delayed considerably because of her lengthy convalescence.\n.\nBix had always been very close to her father and the early completion of my parents' home-to-be enabled her to personally care for her father in his final illness until his death in October 1930. She and George actually planned the house with a view to her father's comfort, having a specially long bath to accommodate his wounded, unbending leg.\nFrom mid 1933, being a mother as well as a good wife claimed most of Bix's time. Happy memories of my early childhood included wonderful bed-time stories, poetry and thinking games (styled on her own experience, I expect). When I was older, weekend meals could be very long because of great discussions. Guests were fascinated by their length and by the number of reference books which ended up on the table!\nDuring the 1939 - 1945 war, there was some discussion as to whether Bix should return to the law, but she felt she'd been out of it for too long and her child was still quite young. She therefore volunteered for the Red Cross Transport Services, for which women drove their own car on Red Cross duties. She did this from 1941 to 1947. My mother was a good and experienced driver - prior to her marriage the motorbike had been superseded by a car which, at this time, was a 1937 Oldsmobile. Red Cross Transport did do C.B.D. \"waste collection\" using a large truck on which Volunteers did training sessions. Manipulating this through the narrow lanes of the Melbourne CBD and manipulating the bales of waste from back door to truck was a challenge my mother accepted with alacrity and really enjoyed.\nMy mother was associated with the Girl Guide movement from 1925, until the late 1960s. Initially she was a guider and later became a member of the State Council, and State Executive. She was convener of the Property Sub-committee. Also she drafted the first constitution for Victoria and was very much involved with the work relating to their Act of Parliament. On her retirement from guiding she was given the Emu Award.\nShe was a Special Magistrate of the Children's Court at Box Hill from 1937, probably up to the late 1960s. She used to sit on alternate Monday afternoons. She was an active member of the Children's Court Magistrates Association and was vice-president for at least one term.\nIn 1952, she also became an Official \"Visitor\" under the Children's Welfare Act.\nIn 1953, she was awarded a Coronation Medal.\nShe was a great believer in Mens Sana in Corpore Sano and played golf once a week at the Croydon club where she was president of the Associates for a year or so. She was also a member of the Box Hill Archery Club.\nMy mother was a great support to my father when he was a member of the Legislative Assembly. He won the seat of Box Hill in 1947, but lost it in the next election. He then regained it and held it till his retirement in 1973. People found it easy to pour out their troubles to my mother - she was a great listener and could often suggest a solution herself, and if she could see that their local Member's help was what was required, she would assist them with preparing submissions to him. She was very interested in my father's parliamentary activities and would often spend time in 'the visitors' gallery, especially when my father was speaking.\nFate may have denied my mother a stellar career at the Victorian Bar, but I think she was very satisfied with the life she had. She was absorbed in her many voluntary activities in which her special talents and legal training were invaluable. Also she had a wonderful marriage, was best friends with her only child, had a loving family and an army of friends in all walks of life.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-in-victoria-then-and-now\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hazlehurst, Leonie (Noni) Elva", "Entry ID": "AWE5661", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hazlehurst-leonie-noni-elva\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Broadcaster, Director, Presenter, Television actor, Television personality, Writer, Youth advocate", "Summary": "Noni Hazlehurst is an Australian actress, writer, and director. Born in 1953 Hazlehurst began her career in the arts in the 1970's playing a character in the television series The Box. Hazlehurst is particularly well known for her long time role on the children's' program Play School . Her experiences with children's programming and media have led Hazlehurst to speak out about the potential impact of the media on child welfare. Her role as a youth and children's advocate is also demonstrated through her position as national ambassador with Barnardo's children's charity.\nIn 1995 Hazlehurst received an Order of Australia award for her services to children and children's charities, other awards and honours were to follow. In 2016 Hazlehurst became the second Woman to be inducted into the Logies Hall of Fame and used her acceptance speech to speak out against sexism and bigotry in the television industry. Hazlehurst has also received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Flinders University, four Australian Film Institute Awards, two Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards, two Logie Awards, and one award from both the San Sebastian International Film Festival and Toronto Worldwide Short Film Festival.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/logies-2016-noni-hazlehursts-politically-charged-acceptance-speech-goes-viral\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cass, Mary Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE5677", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cass-mary-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Frankston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Mary Cass, who has been described as \"a brilliant lawyer\" who was \"fit for high judicial office\" , was admitted to the New South Wales Bar on 18 October 1963. Earlier resident at Sancta Sofia College while studying full-time at the University of Sydney, she had graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1954. After serving articles with Beswick Heydon & Lochrin, she was admitted as a solicitor on 29 July 1955. She was in practice until being called to the Bar, where she demonstrated skill in all jurisdictions but came to specialise mainly in equity, as well as landlord and tenant. It has been said that she was nicknamed 'The Winner' because of the regular victories she achieved for her clients. Right up until her death in 1992, she had chambers at Wardell.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-cass-interview\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-cass-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Feller, Erika", "Entry ID": "AWE5712", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feller-erika\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Commissioner, Diplomat, Lawyer, Public servant", "Summary": "Erika Feller has had an eminent career in international law, humanitarian protection and diplomacy. When she was appointed Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in 2006, she became the highest ranked Australian working in the United Nations at that time. In the ensuing years she undertook protection oversight missions to the large majority of the major refugee emergencies of recent years. She has been an ardent spokesperson for millions of vulnerable people throughout the world. Appointed a Fellow of the Australian Institute of International Affairs in 2013, in 2014 Feller was also named as Vice-Chancellor's Fellow at her alma mater, the University of Melbourne.\nIn June 2021, Feller was awarded an AO for distinguished service to the international community, to the recognition and protection of human rights, and to refugee law.\nErika Feller was interviewed by Kim Rubenstein for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of Australia CATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "Erika Feller was born in 1949 in Melbourne, Victoria; the second child in the family, she grew up with an older brother and a younger sister. Her father, Karl, had come out to Australia as a German refugee; a graduate in architecture from the Milan Polytechnic, to practise in Australia he had to requalify, which he did after arriving in Australia, working in a blanket factory to support his studies. Feller's mother, Elizabeth, was unconventional: a professional woman who worked as a pharmacist. Before her marriage she had led an independent and adventurous life, which included travelling on the Trans-Siberian Railway. She was said to have been disappointed that she could not volunteer as a pharmacist in the Spanish Civil War.\nKarl Feller's career took the family to Montreal, Canada, during Feller's pre-school years. When they returned, to the Melbourne suburb of Armadale, Feller entered Lauriston Girls' School - chosen by her mother because it placed emphasis on academic achievement and sending girls on to university. Feller enjoyed her time at Lauriston. As well as being good at her lessons, she was a sporty child who was happiest horse-riding and playing basketball and tennis.\nDuring Feller's adolescence, her father was away from the family for significant periods while he worked overseas. His trips, and a family holiday to the United States during her teenage years, impressed upon the young Erika that the world was not something of which to be afraid, but to be embraced enthusiastically.\nIn 1967 Feller, influenced by her mother who imparted a strong sense of social justice, began to study law and arts at the University of Melbourne. Immersing herself in student life, Feller attended Vietnam War demonstrations and became treasurer of the Australian\/African Association, raising money and collecting for Biafra. Feller wrote articles for 'Farrago', the student newspaper of which she was also news editor.\nShe also wrote for the University of Melbourne Law Students' Society's periodical, 'The Summons', which was edited by Philip Alston (now John Norton Pomeroy Professor of Law at New York University School of Law). With her consciousness concerning women and the law growing, Feller wrote an article for which she interviewed Joan Rosanove, the first woman in Victoria to sign the Victorian Bar roll, about her experiences with discrimination. She was impressed by Rosanove as a professional woman.\nAt the end of her university studies, Feller declined an offer of articles of clerkship from the commercial law firm, Arthur Robinson; instead, she joined the Department of Foreign Affairs. Had she taken up Arthur Robinson's offer, Feller would have been the firm's first female articled clerk: \"I must have set the cause of feminism a few years back. The firm probably thought 'Just like a woman, always changing her mind'!\" [Hong].\n\"Lured by the promise of adventure it offered\", Feller moved to Canberra to begin her diplomatic career [Feller and Rubenstein]. Reality struck at a cocktail party signalling the end of the Department of Foreign Affairs' recruitment process; she was taken aback to be told by a distinguished ambassador that the Department accepted women because they were \"marriage fodder\" [Feller and Rubenstein]. As women were expected to resign from the Department after marrying, there were few female role models for the budding diplomat.\nFeller's first posting was to Berlin in 1973. While Berlin was not considered an important post for Australia at the time, Feller found her three years' service stimulating, surrounded by dissident artists and writers [Feller and Rubenstein]. Her responsibilities included a visit by the then Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, a guest of the East German government.\nReturning to Canberra following the completion of her posting, Feller became Assistant to the Legal Adviser of the Department of Foreign Affairs, Elihu Lauterpacht. She was subsequently despatched by Lauterpacht to the Australian National University to research Australia's practice and policy in International Law. This was the first year in which Australian practice in International Law became part of the Australian Yearbook of International Law. Feller then transferred to the Department's general legal area where her responsibilities included work on the Dillingham Mining Company legal case, which involved sand mining in Fraser Island.\nIn 1980 Feller arrived in Geneva, Switzerland, after a nine-month posting in Rome to cover the Italian presidency of the European Community. In Geneva, Feller was posted as the First Secretary at the Australian Mission to the United Nations, and then promoted to Counsellor. It was here that she began to observe refugee and humanitarian concerns; she also had her first professional encounter with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Feller represented Australia as a lead drafter in the United Nations Convention against Torture. She credits this experience as being when she learnt about the power and limitations of international law. It was also here that she met and married her husband. They went on to have two children: a son and a daughter [Feller and Rubenstein].\nHer posting to Geneva completed, in 1984, with her first child, Feller returned to Canberra to lead the relatively new human rights section in the Department of Foreign Affairs. Two years later, however, desirous to reunite her family, she returned to Geneva and accepted a secondment with the Protection Division of the UNHCR; it included roles as Senior Legal Advisor and Chief of the General Legal Advice Section. She was inducted into research work and reacquainted herself with international law; however, she also wished to be in the field and so, in 1991, she was deployed on her first mission for UNHCR to Tajikistan - then in the hiatus of a civil war - assisting with drafting a law on internal and external displacement, bringing into force a regime of law protecting refugees. This mission was her first experience of the misery, generosity and hospitality of displaced people.\nFeller was steadily acquiring a reputation as an outstanding lawyer; as a result, her field rotation opportunities were becoming more limited as her legal expertise was being sought in Geneva. In 1993, the High Commissioner, Sadako Ogata, in an attempt to increase Feller's field experience, directed that Feller be posted to Malaysia to head the Program there as her Representative. Refugee matters were, at that time, very high profile, as Malaysia had declared it was closing camps and repatriating refugees to Vietnam, the announcement resulting in violent clashes inside camps. Feller saw first-hand the potential for refugee camps to be destructive to people, to erode incentive for individuals to take control of their own lives. Her experience in matters relating to resettlement in Southeast Asia galvanized her to help refugees living in protracted situations.\nIn 1996, at the age of 47, Feller returned to Geneva to re-join the Division of International Protection, as its Deputy Director. She took over management of the Division as its Director in 1999. In 2001, she initiated and managed the 2001-02 Global Consultations on International Protection, which gave rise to the Agenda for Protection, the internationally-endorsed global \"road map\" on protection policy for the years ahead [Feller and Rubenstein]. These global consultations coincided with the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, generated an agenda for protection, reconfirmed global State support for the Convention and reinforced its value through updated interpretations of key provisions. Feller co-edited a book which brought these into a consolidated form.\nIn 2006, Feller was appointed to the newly created role of Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, with the rank of Assistant Secretary General; she thereby became the highest ranked Australian working in the United Nations at that time. In the ensuing years Feller undertook protection oversight missions to the large majority of the major refugee emergencies of recent years, including in West Africa, Darfur and Chad, the Caucasus, the Balkans, Colombia, Timor and the countries which were the focus of UNHCR's Iraq Operation. During these missions, Feller was instrumental in ushering in changes to ensure that matters concerning the protection of women and children became mainstream.\nFeller seized the opportunity occasioned by the 60th Anniversary of the 1951 Convention in 2011 to again raise the profile of women, convening dialogues concerned with the issue of pervasive sexual violence against them. She also used the event to draw attention to the anniversary of another important international convention: the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. Significantly, Feller raised the matter of female statelessness - where women are unable to acquire citizenship or lose their citizenship through marriage or when their husband dies - in the international community's consciousness on a number of missions.\nIn 2013 Feller resigned as Assistant Commissioner for Protection. She was appointed a Fellow of the Australian Institute of International Affairs in 2013. In 2014, she was named a Vice-Chancellor's Fellow at her alma mater, the University of Melbourne.\nDuring her career, Feller has been a powerful spokesperson for millions of vulnerable people throughout the world. She has contributed to initiatives to combat certain problems that principally affect women, such as sexual and gender-based violence, in the refugee setting. As she has remarked, her endeavours in the study and practice of international law have been a tool \"for the betterment of people\" [Feller and Rubenstein].\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/erika-feller-interviewed-by-kim-rubenstein-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hiscock, Mary Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE5716", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hiscock-mary-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Chairperson, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Emeritus Professor Mary Hiscock was the first full-time female academic appointed to the Faculty of Law at the University of Melbourne. In 1972 Hiscock again made history when she became the Faculty's first female reader. She was a pioneer of the study of comparative Asian Law, introducing Asian legal systems to students at the University of Melbourne for the very first time. Hiscock was later Chair of Law at Queensland's Bond University, where she taught Contract and International Trade Law and was also Associate Dean (Research and Graduate Studies) from 1994 to 1997. She has been an expert adviser to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and a consultant to the Asian Development Bank; in addition, she has been a delegate to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). A member of the Australian Academy of Law, Hiscock is currently Emeritus Professor of Law at Bond University.\nMary Hiscock was interviewed by Kim Rubenstein for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of Australia CATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "Emeritus Professor Mary Hiscock's early years were spent in Melbourne, where she attended Genazzano FCJ College in Kew before graduating from the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Laws (Honours) degree in 1961. At university, Hiscock was involved with the 'Melbourne University Law Review'. She was awarded the Julia Flynn Memorial Prize in 1956.\nAfter graduating, Hiscock tutored briefly at Melbourne's Faculty of Law before embarking on a Doctor of Laws at the University of Chicago, supported by Ford and Fulbright fellowships. Hiscock was one of the first women at the University of Melbourne to undertake post-graduate study at a university in the United States.\nAfter declining an offer to practise law with a New York Wall Street firm, Hiscock returned to Melbourne and in 1963 accepted a position as a full-time academic in the University of Melbourne's Faculty of Law, thus becoming the first woman to be appointed to such a position there. Although contentious, and condemned by some male colleagues, the appointment had the support of such highly regarded scholars as Sir Zelman Cowen and Frank Maher [Farrar].\nIn the mid-1960s Hiscock joined forces with David Allan (later Professor David Allan AM) to conduct research into Asian contract and securities law. Hiscock and Allan went on to marry in 1980; in 1987 the couple were co-authors of Law of Contract in Australia. By now an authority on Asian law, Hiscock pioneered comparative law courses; for the first time the Melbourne Faculty of Law's curriculum gave students the opportunity to study the laws of Asia as well as traditional European legal systems.\nIn 1969, Hiscock was elected chair of the Women Lawyers' Association in Victoria. In this capacity, she was involved in the preparation of the National Council of Women Case in the historic first national Equal Pay Case with the Australian Trades Council Union [Farrar].\nIn 1972, at the young age of 33, Hiscock again made history when she became the first woman reader at the Faculty of Law, University of Melbourne [Campbell]. There were no professorial appointments at the time and it would not be until 1989 that Cheryl Saunders became the first female professor at the Law School [Timeline].\nHiscock left academia in the late 1980s to practise commercial law. She undertook articles of clerkship at Mallesons Stephen Jaques, an experience she found \"challenging and invigorating\" [Farrar]. Returning to academia, in 1993 Hiscock was appointed Chair of Law at Queensland's Bond University, where she taught Contract and International Trade Law. She also served on various committees at the University including as chair of the Research Committee. She was Associate Dean (Research and Graduate Studies) from 1994 to 1997 [Farrar].\nIn 1994 Hiscock was a Fellow of the University of Melbourne residential college Janet Clarke Hall. Between 1995 and 2002, Hiscock was chair of the International Law Section, Law Council Australia and chair of the International Academy Commercial and Consumer Law [Pearce]. Hiscock was also an expert adviser to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; consultant to the Asian Development Bank; and a delegate to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL).\nHiscock is currently Emeritus Professor of Law at Bond University [Farrar]. She is also a member of the editorial boards of the Australian Journal of Asian Law, Melbourne Journal of International Law, and the Asia-Pacific Law Review. In addition, she is a member of the Australian Academy of Law.\nHiscock has inspired with the senior academic positions she has held, and as one of the first women to obtain post-graduate legal qualifications from a university in the United States. Her pioneering of the study of comparative Asian law saw a generation of law students benefit from the opportunity to consider legal systems other than their own. Hiscock's expertise in international trade and investment, with an emphasis on international contracts and comparative law, has been influential within academic institutions and significant international institutions such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank and the United Nations.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-hiscock-interviewed-by-kim-rubenstein-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-pilot-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Oliver, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE5725", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oliver-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Burwood, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Barrister, Judge, Lawyer, Magistrate, Solicitor", "Summary": "A graduate of the University of Adelaide, Her Honour Judge Sue Oliver was admitted as a solicitor and barrister of the Supreme Court of South Australia in 1978 and then promptly moved with her (then) husband to Darwin, where she has lived ever since. She was appointed to the Northern Territory Magistrates Court (now called the Northern Territory Local Court) in 2006, after having practised law in a variety of public and private sectors contexts. As managing magistrate of the Northern Territory Youth Justice Court in the Northern Territory, she has a particular interest in and has published widely on matters relating to the complex issues surrounding the management of young offenders.\nSince arriving in the N.T., Oliver has also contributed her time and energy to a variety of community and national organisations. These include the Family Planning Association, the YWCA, the International Legal Services Advisory Council, Commissioner for the NT Legal Aid Commission, committee member NT Law Society and Board Member of the Australian Women Lawyers. She is presently a member of the Country Women's Association in Katherine.\nSue Oliver was interviewed by Nikki Henningham in the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of Australia CATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "Sue Oliver was the first person in her family to go to university, a beneficiary of the free tertiary education system introduced by the Whitlam Labor Government elected in 1972. Nineteen years old and working her way up northern Australia at the time of the election, the prospect of free tertiary education was enough to bring her back to Adelaide, complete her Higher School Certificate, and qualify for university entrance. She originally thought about studying medicine, but realised she didn't have the maths\/science competence to get the mark required. She settled on law, and has never looked back. 'The best thing about being a lawyer, is the intellectual challenge of the law,' she says. 'The best thing about having a legal career \u2026is having the opportunity to meet people you wouldn't otherwise have met and to better understand their lives.'\nAfter completing her degree at the University of Adelaide in 1978, Oliver completed a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice as an alternative to doing articles. Not having any connections in the Adelaide legal families, she had no connection to the networks necessary to getting a position in a good firm. She never felt disadvantaged by taking this route - if anything she was glad to be moving in less conservative circles. Having once been asked by some students conducting a survey whether her background was 'Upper class, upper middle class, middle class, lower middle class, lower class,' Oliver responded with out-rage and indignation, 'Anybody ever heard of working class?' She was glad for the more progressive opportunities that the graduate diploma offered.\nDespite being admitted as a solicitor and barrister to the Supreme Court of South Australia, Oliver did not begin her career there. Her then husband was offered a job in the Northern Territory and the opportunity to move into a jurisdiction that was rebuilding and developing was too good to refuse. She began her professional legal career in 1979 as a legal adviser to the Territory Government before moving to the North Australian Aboriginal Legal Aid Service. From there, she moved into further government work, including in the Office of the Deputy Crown Solicitor, the Social Security Appeals Tribunal and the office of the Australian Government Solicitor, before embarking on a career in academia.\nOliver is a former legal academic with a Master of Laws from the College of William and Mary in Virginia, U.S.A. (1994). In 1998, after many years in teaching and administration in the Faculty of Business at the Northern Territory Institute on Technology, she was appointed the first Dean of the Faculty of Law, Business and Arts at what was then the newly restructured Northern Territory University. Subsequently she was Director of Legal Policy and Acting Executive Director of Legal Services in the Territory's Department of Justice immediately prior to her appointment to the Bench in 2006. As an academic, her teaching areas included contract, employment law and defamation. As Director of Legal Policy she developed the Freedom of Information and Privacy legislation and the reform of the Criminal Code, including the reform of mandatory life sentencing.\nIn recent years, Oliver has been managing magistrate of the Northern Territory Youth Justice Court in the Northern Territory. In this capacity she has been working with a variety of services towards building a better framework to enable the court and services like the Department of Children and Families and the Youth Justice Division of Corrections to communicate with each other and manage cases better. Information on young people in the system has been 'siloed' for years - 'nobody's talking but everybody's got information' - and she has been working on systems that share that information between services while protecting the rights and privacy of the young person. According to some youth justice advocates familiar with the Northern Territory, Oliver's efforts with the Katherine youth court have been successful. Words like 'holistic and 'user-friendly' have been used to describe the system. According to some advocates, 'It's less punitive' with 'less onerous bail conditions', than past, and some present, court systems have been.\nIn March 2007, Oliver was one of five women who presided over Darwin courts for the first time, the largest female jurist contingent ever to sit in one place in the Northern Territory, a noteworthy occasion indeed. Justice Sally Thomas, Chief Magistrate Jenny Blokland, Acting Magistrate Tanya Fong Lim and Magistrates Melanie Little and Sue Oliver were referred to as the \"five sisters in law\" in a report in the Northern Territory News and the journal of the Northern Territory Law Society. As well as acknowledging the experience and expertise the group of five possessed, the article noted that between them, there were eleven children, with Oliver mother to four of them. Maintaining work\/life balance has involved constant juggling and even though opportunities for women to work in the legal profession have improved markedly over her time, Oliver can't see anyway around the juggling. 'I think the same challenges will always be there,' she says. 'You want an intellectual life for yourself. You want a career for yourself but you want to balance that against bringing up your children, giving them the things that they want and seeing them, you know, blossom into life. I can't see that ever changes.' With support, however, the juggling act is manageable.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sue-oliver-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Walker, Sally", "Entry ID": "AWE5730", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/walker-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Consultant, Lawyer, Solicitor, Vice-Chancellor", "Summary": "Emeritus Professor Sally Walker AM was the first female vice-chancellor and president of Australia's Deakin University. Prior to holding these appointments, she was senior deputy vice-chancellor at the University of Melbourne, where she was also president of the University's Academic Board, member of the senior executive, and pro vice-chancellor. Walker established the pioneering Centre for Media, Communications and Information Technology Law (now Centre for Media & Communications Law) at the Melbourne Law School and was its inaugural director. While at the Law School, she was Hearn Professor of Law. Walker was also secretary-general of the Law Council of Australia for a time.\nAppointed as a Member of the Order of Australia in 2011, in recognition of her contribution to education, to the law as an academic and to the advancement of women. In 2014 she was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women. As a Principal at Deloitte, Walker continues to consult widely on strategic and leadership matters in the higher education sector.\nSally Walker was interviewed by Kim Rubenstein for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of Australia CATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "Emeritus Professor Sally Walker's early life was spent on farming properties managed by her father in various parts of Victoria. Winning a scholarship to be a boarder at Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School (now Melbourne Girls Grammar), she was inspired to study law after the school enabled her to meet a number of successful women lawyers [Patterson]. In 1976 Walker graduated from the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Laws (Honours), winning the Supreme Court Prize for the highest-placed student in the final honours list, the Anna Brennan Prize and the Joan Rosanove Prize.\nWhile undertaking articles of clerkship at the Melbourne firm Gillotts Solicitors (later part of Minter Ellison), Walker completed a Master of Laws at the University of Melbourne. She left the firm soon afterwards to take up a position as an associate to the then Justice Aickin of the High Court of Australia. Following her associateship, she returned to Gillotts Solicitors and was later made an associate partner [Aiton].\nThe increasing importance of media and communication law had now captured Walker's interest. She returned to the University of Melbourne, taking up a position as a lecturer in the Faculty of Law. After being promoted to senior lecturer and then reader in the Faculty, Walker was responsible for developing a new undergraduate subject - Media Law. In the Master of Laws program she also established the Graduate Diploma of Media, Communications and Information Technology Law. She also taught Trade Practices law, Intellectual Property Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Security Law and, in the Master of Laws program, Advanced Trade Practices Law, Defamation Law and the Law of Contempt of Court.\nIn 1992 Walker was Visiting Fellow at Wolfson College, University of Cambridge. She returned to the University of Melbourne the following year, and took up an appointment as the Hearn Professor of Law. Around this time Walker also became the first academic secretary to be appointed to the Victorian Attorney-General's Law Reform Advisory Council. [Patterson].\nBetween 1995 and 2000, Walker was deputy vice-president, vice-president and president of the University of Melbourne's Academic Board; she was a member of the University's senior executive and a pro vice-chancellor. Walker also established the Centre for Media, Communications and Information Technology Law (now the Centre for Media & Communications Law).\nWalker became the second most senior executive at the University of Melbourne when she was appointed to the position of Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor in July 2000. Soon she was being called upon to be acting vice-chancellor in the absence of the then vice-chancellor, the late Professor Alan Gilbert [Patterson].\nAmong her achievements as senior deputy vice-chancellor, Walker reserves her greatest pride for the role she played in the 'Academic Women in Leadership Program', which aimed to encourage women to take up leadership roles in the university [Ketchell; Royall; Cook]. On the success of this program, Walker observed that \"the more women there are in senior positions, the more other women, during the early stages of their career, will think it is possible and feasible for them, too\" [Cook].\nIn 2003, Walker became the first female vice-chancellor and president of Deakin University. In the ensuing seven years, she oversaw research endeavours with India, augmenting student enrolments, increased the University's financial reserves, and set up a new medical school. She also did much to attract and retain female staff, so successfully that she won an Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency award [Ketchell].\nFervent about higher education, Walker said of her time at Deakin that she was: \"absolutely passionate about Deakin University. Passionate about rural and regional engagement. Passionate about access and equity to higher education. Deakin is my life. I really care about the future of regional Australia\" [Aiton].\nAt the conclusion of her appointment as vice-chancellor in 2010, a scholarship was created in Walker's honour to support students from low-income backgrounds to attend Deakin University [Scholarship]. Walker was also conferred with the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws for her contribution to Deakin University, to legal education and scholarship and to higher education in general [Oates] and a building was named after her on the Geelong Waterfront.\nWalker has undertaken various consultancies for federal and Victorian government departments. She was a member of the National Selection Panel for the General Sir John Monash Foundation Scholarships and she remains a member of the Felton Bequests Committee.\nShe was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia in 2011 in recognition of her contribution to education, to the law as an academic and to the advancement of women. In 2014 Walker was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.\nNow a Principal at the international professional services firm Deloitte, she continues to provide consultancy services across the higher education sector on strategic and leadership issues. This work often draws on her legal background.\nWalker has shown leadership by driving innovation in higher education institutions and by empowering women with flexible work practices. She has also done a great deal to encourage the promotion of women into senior academic and administrative roles. Walker's contribution to law and society has been to demonstrate that education can transform lives and enrich rural and regional communities.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2014 - 2014)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-scholar-to-secretary-general\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sally-walker-interviewed-by-kim-rubenstein-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sally-walker-interviewed-by-ruth-campbell-in-the-law-in-australian-society-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "White, Margaret J.", "Entry ID": "AWE5743", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-margaret-j\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hamilton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Barrister, Chairperson, Commissioner, Judge, Jurist, Lawyer, Naval officer, Solicitor", "Summary": "The Honourable Margaret J. White was, in 1992, the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Queensland. Prior to coming to the Queensland bench, she enjoyed a distinguished academic career, first in South Australia and then in Queensland after she moved there in 1970. She retired from the bench in 2013.\nIn between her South Australian and Queensland 'phases', White instructed senior naval officers of the Royal Australian Navy in international law and the law of the sea. She was commissioned as Second Officer, thus becoming the first Women's Royal Australian Navy Reserve officer to be commissioned since the end of World War Two.\n", "Details": "Margaret White was educated at the Cabra Dominican Convent, Adelaide and graduated Bachelor of Laws at the University of Adelaide in 1966. Her early career in Adelaide was an academic one; she worked as a research assistant to Professor D.P. O'Connell several times during the 1960s, as a research assistant to the state succession committee of the International Law Association, Geneva (1965-66), and as a consultant to the governments of Guyana, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago in relation to their pre-independence treaties (1966-67).\nShe met Michael William Duckett White while working for the Royal Australian Navy; they married in September 1970. The couple had three sons and one daughter. From 1970 to 1982, White was a senior tutor and lecturer in the TC Beirne School of Law at the University of Queensland, the first of a distinguished groups of women, that included Quentin Bryce and Patsy Wolfe, to teach there in the 1970s.\nOn 18 July 1978, White was admitted as a barrister of the Supreme Court of Queensland. In 1983, she commenced full time practice at the bar in Brisbane. On 5 March 1990, White was appointed a master of the Supreme Court of Queensland.\nOn 2 April 1992, White was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland, the first woman to achieve the honour. She served as the chair of the Supreme Court library committee (1999 - 2003), a member of the advisory committee to the Australian Law Reform Commission on the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth) (1999 - 2002), a foundation fellow of the Australian Academy of Law (2006) and a member of the visiting committee for the Bond University Law School (1993 - 2003). She was also a member of the University of Queensland senate (1993 - 2009) and deputy chancellor of the University of Queensland (2006 - 09) receiving an honorary Doctorate of Laws from the University of Queensland in 2005. White was appointed to the Queensland Court of Appeal on 15 April 2010.\nShe was the first member of the revived WRANSR in 1968 and served as a commander in the Royal Australian Naval Reserve (2002 - 10) and deputy president of the Defence Force Discipline Appeal Tribunal (Cth) (from 2008). She was on the Board of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust, Chair of the Queensland Selection Committee from 2006 and National Chairman from 2011. She was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2003.\nIn 2013 White was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia 'for distinguished service to the judiciary and to the law particularly in Queensland, as a leading contributor to legal education and reform, and to professional development and training'. She retired on 3 June 2013.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-white\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Backhouse, Harriet May", "Entry ID": "AWE5765", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/backhouse-harriet-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "From an early age Harriet May Hordern was encouraged to study law by her father a solicitor. It was unusual in those days, she being born in 1888, when women were still regarded as ornaments, where possible, but otherwise of little use except around the house.\nHer achievements in Melbourne University were as follows:\nBachelor of Arts - 22 April 1910 (First in all subjects plus University Medal)\nBachelor of Laws - 6 April 1914\nMaster of Laws - 23 December 1915\nMaster of Arts - 10 April 1914\nOn 20th July 1914 she became an articled clerk with James Whiteside McCay, Barrister, practising at 360-366 Collins St. Melbourne. Harriet was admitted on 1st March 1916, to practise as a Barrister and Solicitor in the Supreme Court of Victoria.\nAs to whether she was involved in cases heard in the Supreme Court I can only assume that she was, considering that she did recount some of her experiences, and was most likely called to do so between 1916 and 1918, when so many men were away at the War. My father, Rev Canon Nigel a'Beckett Talworth Backhouse and Harriet May married in 1919, soon after Nigel returned from service in the 7th Australian Light Horse Regiment.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Balmford, Rosemary Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE5767", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/balmford-rosemary-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Judge, Lawyer, Ornithologist", "Summary": "Rosemary Balmford was the first woman judge appointed to the Supreme Court of Victoria.\n", "Details": "The Hon. Rosemary Balmford AM, daughter of judge Sir John Norris and Dame Ada Norris (nee Bickford), has been a trailblazer for women in the legal profession. Notably, she was the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Victoria and the first to run a murder trial in the state. At the University of Melbourne she also made history by becoming the first woman to be appointed to a permanent academic position in the Faculty of Law.\nTaught by her mother to read when she was three, Rosemary Norris (as she was then) was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School and the University of Melbourne, where she won the Supreme Court Prize (at that time awarded to the LLB student placed first in the final examinations) for 1954.\nShe undertook articles of clerkship with Saf (Lt-Col Samuel Austin Frank) Pond OBE of Whiting & Byrne in 1955 and was admitted to practise as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of Victoria on 1 March 1956. Between 1957 and 1961 she resided at Janet Clarke Hall where she was tutor-in-law. During this period she was also employed as independent lecturer in conveyancing at the University of Melbourne (1957-62), and at Whiting & Byrne, where she was the first woman on staff to hold legal qualifications; she practised mainly in conveyancing but also liquor licensing. She became partner and later consultant before finally leaving the firm for good in 1969. By this time she had been married to fellow solicitor Peter Balmford (d. 2005) for six years and they had a young son, Christopher. She embarked on an MBA at the University of Melbourne.\nIn 1971, Rosemary Balmford became inaugural executive director of the Leo Cussen Institute for Continuing Legal Education. She spent five-and-a-half years with the Institute, before leaving to take up a role of assistant solicitor (special projects) at the University of Melbourne. In 1979, she served on the Victorian Equal Opportunity Board which heard the case of Deborah Wardley v Ansett Airlines. From 1983 to 1993, she served on the Commonwealth Administrative Appeals Tribunal.\nIn July 1993 Balmford became the second woman after Lynette Schiftan (nee Opas) to be appointed a judge of the County Court of Victoria. In March 1996 she was appointed the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. She retired from the bench in 2003 and became a reserve judge. Between 1995 and 2003 she was a member of the Governing Council of the Judicial Conference of Australia.\nOutside the law, Balmford has had an enduring interest in ornithology. She has been a member of various bird organisations, including the Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union of which she was secretary between 1969 and 1972, and she has written a number of books, articles and reviews in the field. She has also been heavily involved with grassroots community organisations; in particular, those that have encouraged better parenting and breastfeeding.\nIn 1998, Monash University, Clayton, awarded Balmford an honorary Doctor of Laws. In 2012, Balmford was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia '[f]or service to the judiciary, the practice of law in Victoria, and to the study of ornithology.' Balmford's autobiography, A Funny Course for a Woman, was published in 2013.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/podcast-no-10-interview-with-rosemary-balmford\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/balmford-rosemary-anne-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-principles-the-melbourne-law-school-1857-2007\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-association-anniversary-dinner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-funny-course-for-a-woman\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosemary-balmford-interviewed-by-ruth-campbell-in-the-law-in-australian-society-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cameron, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5777", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "A leading family lawyer in Melbourne, Mary Cameron was the principal in the firm Stedman Cameron. Mary Cameron's father was strongly against higher education. He considered universities a \"hotbed of communism\", and she had to argue long and hard before he made the grudging concession that if she were to go to university it must be to study \"something useful\".\nWhen she entered law school at the University of Melbourne in 1935, she was one of only five females studying with 95 males. On graduation in 1938 she was incensed to learn that the academic responsible for finding employment opportunities was asking the females if they also typed. She organised a protest and the academic backed down.\nMary Cameron, who was born in Ballarat on September 27, 1917, began her career with Rylah and Anderson, one of the most highly regarded law firms in Melbourne. \nShe quickly learnt that the law was pretty much a boys' club and when many male lawyers were called up for World War II she seized the opportunity for advancement. \nShe never described herself as a feminist or any sort of equal-opportunity activist, although she lived and worked through times of significant upheaval and advances in the workplace. She never spoke publicly about the prejudice she encountered as a young female lawyer but proved her mettle in the courtroom.\nIn 1955, she was elected president of the Women Lawyers' Association. \nA formidable counsel who could have progressed to the bar, Cameron chose to remain a solicitor because it enabled her to have a longer and more intimate association with her clients.\nAfter eight years at Rylah Anderson and a short stint at another firm, she struck out on her own. In her first year she grossed \u00a325 which - minus work expenses - was just enough to get by. \nIn 1952 she advertised for the creation of a partnership, signing the advertisement simply \"Lochiel\". It was answered by Colin Steadman, who was taken aback to discover that Lochiel was a woman. But their partnership prospered and Steadman Cameron became a well-regarded family law firm.\nFrom the start Cameron took on gritty common law cases and her first courtroom victory was for her uncle, who had allegedly walked against a red light. Other relatives came out of the woodwork, all wanting her to fix their grievances - even her father. But when she sent him her advice, her mother, Clara, told her: \"He does not agree with your interpretation of the law.\"\nHer father, John Cameron, had taken the family to Kenya when Mary was seven. Nuns at the Loreto Convent in Nairobi taught her to confront life. Many years later that quality enabled her to cope, with no great alarm, with the fire-bombing of her car and house by the enraged former husband of one of her clients. \nIn Kenya she also learnt Swahili.\nIn her latter years she could no longer drive and had to rely on taxis. But instead of resenting this, she used it as an opportunity for chats in fractured Swahili with African cab drivers.\nHer father's adventures probably inspired her own and, with her sister Clare, she travelled to China, Soviet Russia and elsewhere.\nCameron retired as a partner in Steadman Cameron in 1982 but remained a consultant for nearly two decades. \nIn 2007 she was made a Member of the Order of Australia. \nMary Cameron did not marry. Her sister Clare predeceased her.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harford, Lesbia Venner", "Entry ID": "AWE5822", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harford-lesbia-venner\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Lawyer, Poet, Writer", "Summary": "Lesbia Venner Harford (1891-1927), poet, was born on 9 April 1891 at Brighton, Melbourne, daughter of Edmund Joseph Keogh, a well-to-do financial agent, and his wife Helen Beatrice, n\u00e9e Moore, both born in Victoria. Her mother was related to the earl of Drogheda. About 1900 the Keoghs fell on hard times and in an effort to retrieve the family fortunes Edmund went to Western Australia, where he eventually took up farming.\nLesbia was born with a congenital heart defect which restricted her activity throughout her life. Nettie Palmer remembered her at a children's party as 'a dark-eyed little girl who sat quite still, looking on'. She was educated at Clifton, the Brigidine convent at Glen Iris, and Mary's Mount, the Loreto convent at Ballarat, but she rebelled against the family's staunch Catholicism: in 1915 she conducted services for Frederick Sinclaire's Fellowship group. \nIn 1912 she enrolled in law at the University of Melbourne, paying her way by coaching or taking art classes in schools. She graduated LL.B. In December 1916 in the same class as (Sir) Robert Menzies. During her undergraduate years she had become embroiled in the anti-war and anti-conscription agitation, forming a close friendship with Guido Baracchi (son of Pietro Baracchi) who claimed later that 'she above all' helped him to find his way 'right into the revolutionary working class movement'. \nOn graduation she chose what she considered to be a life of greater social purpose and went to work in a clothing factory. Much of her poetry belongs to this phase of her life and she shows a growing solidarity with her fellow workers and an antagonism towards those whom she saw as exploiters. She became involved in union politics and like her brother Esmond (later a Melbourne medical scientist) joined the Industrial Workers of the World. She went to Sydney where she lived with I.W.W. Friends and worked, when strong enough, in a clothing factory or as a university coach. On 23 November 1920 in Sydney she married the artist Patrick John O'Flaghartie Fingal Harford, a fellow I.W.W. Member and clicker in his father's boot factory: they moved to Melbourne where he worked with William Frater in Brooks Robinson & Co. Ltd and was a founder of the Post-Impressionist movement in Melbourne. \nFor many years Lesbia had suffered from tuberculosis. She tried to complete her legal qualifications but died in hospital on 5 July 1927. She was buried in Boroondara cemetery. \nLesbia transcribed her poems into notebooks in beautiful script; she sang many of her lyrics to tunes of her own composing. Some she showed to friends or enclosed in letters. She was first published in the May 1921 issue of Birth, the journal of the Melbourne Literary Club, and then in its 1921 annual. She provoked much interest at the time and Percival Serle included some of her poems in An Australasian Anthology (Sydney, 1927). In her review of the anthology, Nettie Palmer singled out Lesbia's poetry for special praise, and in September and October 1927 published four of her poems in tribute to her. Lesbia mistrusted publishers, explaining that she was 'in no hurry to be read'. In 1941 a collection edited by Nettie Palmer was published with Commonwealth Literary Fund assistance. No complete collection exists. On her death her father took custody of her notebooks and they were lost when his shack was destroyed by fire.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stuart, Eileen Florence", "Entry ID": "AWE5920", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stuart-eileen-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Echuca, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer", "Summary": "Eileen Stuart was admitted to the Victorian Bar (Bar roll no. 1403) in 1977.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mills, Alice", "Entry ID": "AWE5973", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mills-alice-2\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Alice Mills was a top-ranking commercial photographer working in Melbourne at the turn of the twentieth century. Her studio was considered one of the best in Australia for portraiture, which took an unusual and painterly approach to tinting, capturing the sitter's colour scheme in watercolour before applying it as a tint. Her photographs were mainly gelatin silver prints.\n", "Details": "Alice Mills (also known as Alice Humphrey) was a highly successful professional photographer whose work was frequently published in magazines. She also took hundreds of portraits of young WW1 soldiers. She was born in 1870 in Ballarat, Victoria, and was one of four daughters in a lower middle class family. While she was still a child, the family moved to Wellington, New Zealand and then back to Victoria, moving firstly to Geelong and then on to Armadale in Melbourne.\nMills was trained at Emily Florence Kate O'Shanessy's photographic studio in Melbourne. She next moved to Henry Johnstone's photographic studio, also in Melbourne, where she was employed as a colourist. In 1899 she married one of her colleagues, Tom Humphrey, who was a well-known painter. He had studied at the National Gallery Art School with Arthur Streeton and Fred McCubbin and his paintings can be found in the National Gallery of Victoria's collection. The couple had no children. In 1900 Mills and Humphreys established their own photographic studio, which they called Tom Humphrey and Co., in the Centreway Arcade in Collins Street, Melbourne. Mills took over the studio from 1907 after her husband decided to concentrate on painting. She renamed it the Alice Mills Studio. It remained operative until 1927.\nShe was considered to be one of the top-ranking commercial photographers of the time, and was recognised as a leader in her profession. Her studio was considered one of the best studios in Australia for portraiture. The portraits she created were 'particularly notable for their unusual and painterly approach to tinting' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 21). Her portraits ranged in size from miniature to life-size, and were largely symmetrical in composition and evenly lit. The process she employed involved taking each photograph and then capturing the sitter's exact colour scheme in watercolour before applying it as a tint to the photograph Table Talk 8\nMills' photographs were published in quality magazines such as Table Talk, Punch and in The Weekly Times. One of her photographs, Mrs Robert Brough, was reproduced in Camera House Beacon in 1907, facing the title page. This is significant, since the journal included very few photographs.\nMills photographs were exhibited as part of the 1907 First Australian Exhibition of Women's Work. She was associated with many artists, intellectuals and musicians of the early 1900s, these included the Tom Humphreys Studio, photographers Annie May and Mina Moore, photographer and painter Henry James Johnstone, graphic designer, printmaker and painter Muriel Mary Sutherland Binney, painter May Vale, photographer, printmaker, sculptor, cartoonist\/illustrator, draughtsman and painter Tom Roberts, photographer Elizabeth Nash Boothby, photographer Ruth Hollick, draughtsman, printmaker and painter Arthur Streeton, designer\/curator Emily Florence Kate O'Shanessy, designer\/curator Pegg Clarke, designer\/curator Mary Grant Bruce, and designer\/curator Una Bourne. Alice Mills retired aged fifty-two and died seven years later in 1929, having sold her studio to the female photographer Franie Young.\nTechnical\nHer works were mainly gelatin silver prints. She may also have worked with the platinum printing method judging by the soft grey appearance of many of her photographs.\nCollections\nArt Gallery of New South Wales\nGrainger Museum, University of Melbourne\nMitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales\nMuseum Victoria\nNational Gallery of Australia\nNational Library of Australia\nNational Portrait Gallery\nState Library of Victoria\nUniversity of Melbourne Library\n", "Events": "Alice Mills featured in First Australian Exhibition of Women's Work, 1907 (1907 - 1907) \nAlice Mills featured in the National Women's Art Exhibition Gallery of New South Wales (1995 - 1995) \nAlice Mills featured in the exhibition Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 at the George Paton Gallery (1981 - 1981) \nAlice Mills featured in the exhibition Beyond the Picket Fence: Australian Women's Art in the National Library Collections. (1995 - 1995) \nAlice Mills worked professionally (1900 - 1927)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-the-picket-fence-australian-womens-art-in-the-national-librarys-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-pictures-australian-pictorial-photography-as-art-1897-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-mills-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-alice-mills-exhibition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shades-of-light-photography-and-australia-1839-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/half-moon-bay\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKellar, Doris Winifred", "Entry ID": "AWE5974", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckellar-doris-winifred\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Croydon, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Doris McKellar was an amateur photographer based in Melbourne, whose photographs documented university life and the social activities of a wealthy professional family in Melbourne in the first half of the twentieth century. Using a Kodak No. 3A Folding Pocket camera, she captured many aspects of life at the University of Melbourne. The University of Melbourne holds McKellar's archive.\n", "Details": "Doris McKellar's photographs depict life during the early 1900s. Her photographs, taken whilst she was a student at the University of Melbourne, capture University life, while her family photographs document life within a wealthy professional family, their social activities, their family holidays at the beach, and their excursions into the countryside.\nDoris McKellar (n\u00e9e Hall) was born into a wealthy professional family in Melbourne in 1897. She was the eldest child of Percival St John Hall, a solicitor, and Harriet 'Hattie' Louisa Hall (n\u00e9e Moore). They lived at 'Glenmoore' house, a two-storey villa in Elsternwick. Doris was educated at Cromarty School for Girls, in Elsternwick where she excelled academically, and in 1912 she was the dux of the school.\nMcKellar went on to enrol at the University of Melbourne, where she studied Arts and Law from 1915-1921, graduating in 1922 with a law degree. It was around this time in her life that she became involved in the Princess Ida Club which was aimed at 'promot[ing] the common interests of, and forming a bond of union between the present and past women students' of The University of Melbourne.' She continued her involvement with the University after graduating through her membership of the Victorian Women Graduates' Association, an organisation in which she was very active.\nIt was while she was at university that she became interested in photography, and using a Kodak No.3A Folding Pocket camera she began taking many photographs of the University grounds, the staff and students, and capturing various aspects of university life including social and sporting activities (tennis, cricket, and bowls).\nBeing a keen amateur photographer, she recorded not only family social functions and holidays, but also cityscapes, landscapes and seascapes; her resulting images depicted life just after the turn of the century. Some of these images, especially the landscapes, were in the Pictorialist in style.\nAs for her portraits, she was able to connect with the people she photographed to the extent that her portrait and group studies capture aspects of the sitters' personalities. One also glimpses their feelings of vulnerability, a feature that is particularly evident in her portraits of the young men dressed in military uniform who were heading off to fight in WW1.\nMcKellar was one of the few women in Australia to graduate with a Law degree in the early 1920s and to gain employment as a barrister and solicitor.\nIn 1925 she married Rolfe Warren McKellar, a publisher with Stockland Press and soon after gave up her professional career but continued her involvement with the Victorian Women Graduates' Association and then the University Women's College (currently known as the University College). In 1932 her son, Ian Campbell McKellar was born.\nDoris assisted with the family's publishing business during WW2 after her husband enlisted as an officer, however it is unclear if she continued in this capacity after the war or continued to pursue her interest in photography.\nDoris McKellar died in 1984.\nThe University of Melbourne Archives hold a Collection of Doris McKellar's photographs and memorabilia covering the periods 1915-1919, and 1934-1954.\nTechnical\nThe Kodak No. 3A Folding Pocket camera was marketed to 'glamorous young women' and was quite expensive for the times, costing around five pounds in 1914. It came with a leather pouch and 'used cellulose nitrate film instead of glass plates, making it more portable and easier to use' (Laurenson 29).\nCollections\nDoris McKellar Photographic Collection held by the Archives Collection at the University of Melbourne\n", "Events": "Worked as an amateur photographer (1915 - 1919) \nWorked as an amateur photographer (1934 - 1954)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckellar-doris\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hollick, Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE5986", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hollick-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sandringham, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Ruth Hollick was a well-connected and award-winning society photographer based in Melbourne, whose work was exhibited throughout Australia and internationally. Hollick's career spanned 70 years, and she is recognised as one of Australia's most successful professional photographers. Hollick's clientele included the Baillieus, the McCaugheys and the Hams. Hollick was also renowned for her portraits of children and fashion photography.\n", "Details": "Ruth Hollick was an award-winning society photographer who exhibited in Australia and internationally. She was one of Australia's most successful professional photographers, her career lasting approximately 70 years. She is best known today for her portraits of children.\nRuth Hollick was born on 17 March 1883 in Williamstown, Victoria. She was the youngest of 13 children. Her parents were originally from England and her father worked as a senior customs official in Australia. The year she was born the family moved to Moonee Ponds, Melbourne, where she lived and worked for most of her career. Her parents encouraged artistic expression and from an early age she expressed the desire to study drawing at the National Gallery School of Design, which she eventually did from 1902 to 1906. At this school the painter Frederick McCubbin taught her and became a lifelong friend. In McCubbin's classes she met Dorothy Izard, who was to become her long-time companion and professional partner. She also met the painter Dora L. Wilson and the photographer Pegg Clarke (Dora and Pegg eventually went on to share a studio). These four women forged a strong personal friendship.\nHollick's interest in photography dates back to 1907, when she first started producing portraits in a small darkroom that she set up in the family home. In 1908 she began taking on freelance portrait work and then, along with Izard, she travelled about in a small French car visiting the prosperous towns of Victoria's Western District and the Riverina, photographing the wealthy families of the district. Their method was to place advertisements in local newspapers prior to their visits, thus generating interest among the locals. Most of their photographs were created outdoors using a field camera. They included 'casually stage-managed studies of children playing under trees' and family scenes. One, for example, showed a family 'lounging around their splendid car' (Australian Gallery Directors' Council 16). Upon their return to Melbourne, Hollick continued to work from her parents' home in Moonee Ponds. This was to serve as her base during WW1, the very period when her photographic career first took shape. Working from there she was said to 'eclipse both Mina Moore and Alice Mills with her dramatic composition and free use of light in pictorial portraiture' (Hall 64).\nWhen Mina Moore retired in 1918, and her studio at 167 Collins Street, Melbourne (situated in the Auditorium Building) became available, Hollick and Izard purchased it. They were to remain there until 1929. It was from this studio that Hollick was able to fully establish herself as a professional photographer. By the end of WW1 Hollick, along with her friend Pegg Clarke, were considered the leading photographers in Melbourne. Both were known for their fashion photography, their high society portraits, especially of debutantes and brides, and their portraits of visiting celebrities. In 1930 Hollick was appointed the official photographer of the British aviatrix Amy Johnson who made a solo flight from the UK to Darwin in the record time of 16 days. The photographing of children was one of her specialties. She was known to create a relaxed atmosphere, quietly talking with them as they played and photographing them when they were unaware.\nHollick kept up with the latest developments in photography, but she also relied on her inherent artistic sense, adapting the various techniques to her individual style. This was arguably characterised by the use of natural light, the creation of a mood and a strong symmetrical composition (Australian Gallery Directors' Council 16). Her award-winning photograph, Thought (1920), was one of 483 photographs selected from several thousand submitted to the London Salon of Photography Exhibition in 1930. Executed in a Pictorialist style, it was of the character Portia from Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Her niece, Lucy Crosbie Morrison (n\u00e9e Washington) was the model for this work. Portia was known to be one of the playwright's strongest female characters and Hollick placed her in a seated position against a dark background. She was wearing a white period costume adorned with Australian flowers, gum leaves and gumnuts, and her hands were held in a prayer-like gesture that drew the onlooker's gaze towards her face.\nDuring the 1920s and '30s Hollick worked for a variety of magazines, including The Lone Hand, an offshoot of the Bulletin. Her photographic work was regularly published in Art in Australia, Ure Smith's Home magazine and Harrington's Photographic Journal. It was said that, '[t]he role of Cazneaux covering home and social photographs for The Home magazine in Sydney was shared by Hollick and Clarke in Melbourne' (Australian Gallery Directors' Council 16). She also placed advertisements for her studio in the magazines Art in Australia, Home and Table Talk. As her reputation grew, so did her business. This saw her expanding the Collins Street studio to an adjoining building in which she took up a whole floor. She was known for working long hours, dressing well and enjoying herself with the artistic crowd in Melbourne. She was also reputed to be without a strong business sense, but if true this did not compromise the longevity of her studio, nor her reputation for artistic excellence.\nHollick exhibited widely, both internationally and within Australia, winning medals and plaques. In 1920 she participated in the London Salon of Photography. She also received a Bronze Medal in the 1921 Colonial Exhibition of the Royal Photographic Society in London for her photograph Thought. Soon after, in 1927 she participated in the Chicago Photographic Exhibition, and then in the same year she won a silver medal at the Colonial Exhibition of the Royal Photographic Society in London.\nIn 1928 Hollick held a solo exhibition in her Collins Street studio. In 1929 she was the only woman to participate in the Melbourne Exhibition of Pictorial Photography. Nevertheless, she struggled to have her photographs 'recognised as a creative art form' by the art world of the day (Hall). As the impact of the Depression hit, she was fortunate enough to maintain some of her wealthy clients, such as the Baillieus, the McCaugheys and the Hams. However, she was not able to maintain her city studio and along with Izard she moved the studio back to their Moonee Ponds home, where she worked until 1950. Around this time she also went back to touring the countryside, using a Kodak Grafflex camera.\nHollick was aged 67 when she and Izard travelled overseas for the first time - it was 1950 and they visited England. On their return they moved to Heidelberg. Hollick eventually retired from photography when she was 75 years of age. She died in 1977 aged 94.\nCollections\nNational Gallery of Australia\nArt Gallery of New South Wales\nNational Gallery of Victoria\nState Library of Victoria\n", "Events": "Ruth Hollick specialised in fashion, society and celebrity portraiture, weddings and especially in child portraits (1918 - 1950) \nRuth Hollick was the only female exhibitor in the Melbourne Exhibition of Pictorial Photography and one of ten medallists' winners (1929 - 1929) \nRuth Hollick's work featured in Australian Women Photographers at the George Paton Gallery (1981 - 1981) \nRuth Hollick's work featured in the Chicago Photographic Exhibition (1927 - 1927) \nRuth Hollick's work featured in the Colonial Exhibition, Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain (1925 - 1925) \nRuth Hollick's work featured in the Colonial Exhibition, Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, at which she received a Bronze Medallion for her photograph Thought (1921 - 1921) \nRuth Hollick's work featured in the Colonial Exhibition, Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, at which she received a Silver Medallion (1927 - 1927) \nRuth Hollick's work featured in the London International Exhibition in the Salon of Photography (1920 - 1920) \nRuth Hollick's work featured in the Photographic Society of New South Wales (1929 - 1929) \nSolo exhibition at her Collins Street, Melbourne, studio. (1928 - 1928)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ladies-picture-show-sources-on-a-century-of-australian-women-artists\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mirror-with-a-memory-photographic-portraiture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-a-new-light-aspects-of-australian-pictorialist-photography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-pictures-australian-pictorial-photography-as-art-1897-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/london-salon-of-photography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-hollick\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-hollick-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-hollick-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hollick-ruth-photography-related-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Armytage, Ada", "Entry ID": "AWE5988", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/armytage-ada\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Balmoral, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Ada Armytage was the daughter of the wealthy pastoralist Charles Henry Armytage who owned Como House during the period 1865-1959. Her photographs document life within the stately house and amongst the social elite of the times.\n", "Details": "Ada Armytage was born in 1858. One of eight children, her father was Charles Henry Armytage and her mother was Caroline. They lived at Fulham Station on a large sheep station outside of Geelong. Her father purchased Como House in 1865 and the family moved there; her mother was to have another two children, one of whom died. The family oversaw the renovation and refurbished Como house but by 1876 Charles Armytage died.\nThe family was very wealthy and travelled to the continent on a number of occasions, each time acquiring artefacts to bring back to Melbourne. They were known for the many parties and social events they hosted. Caroline Armytage was keen for the children to be educated - the girls as well the boys - and she sent them abroad to be educated.\nIn May 1906 Caroline Armytage married Captain Arthur Fitzpatrick, who was the aide-de-camp to the governor of Victoria. The couple moved to England but soon after her husband left her, taking the 70 thousand pound dowry with him. She returned to Melbourne and never married again.\nAda took her niece, Edna Armytage, to England in 1913 to see her sisters Constance and Leila but ended up being stranded there with the outbreak of the WW1. The three sisters were middle aged at the time - Ada 55 years old, Constance 43 and Leila 39 - but they joined the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) in England for the Red Cross and were sent to France to assist with the war effort.\nThey returned to Melbourne after 11 years' absence. Having been greatly affected by their war experiences the sisters went about making changes to Como House; their renovations saw the house losing its Edwardian grandeur.\nExactly what inspired Ada to develop an interest in photography is unclear, as is when this took place, as well as whether she received any formal training. What is certain, however, is that she had a keen interest in photography and documented the Armytage family's life at Como House over the years. Ada's photographs and her sisters' diaries, letters and journals make up the Armytage family archive, which preserves the significant moment in history. Ada died in 1939.\nIn 1959 the Armytage family sold Como House to The National Trust of Victoria.\nCollections\nArmytage Family Collection, University of Melbourne Archives\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-at-como-the-armytage-sisters-and-their-relationship-to-como-between-1863-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-case-for-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/como-house-and-the-armytage-family\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tudor, Elsie Edna", "Entry ID": "AWE6004", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tudor-elsie-edna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ashburton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Elsie Edna Tudor worked as a professional photographer at a variety of photography studios in Melbourne during the 1920s. Tudor used a Folding Pocket Kodak Camera.\n", "Details": "Elsie Edna Tudor was born in South Melbourne, Victoria in 1905. She was the only child of Richard Tudor and Martha Jane McArthur Tudor.\nHer father was an amateur photographer and an inspiration to her. Together they would travel to the bush at dawn, photographing the animals and landscape around them.\nDuring the 1920s, at the age of 16, Tudor began working at the Burlington Studios, Melbourne, as a photographer's retoucher, and went onto work as a colourist at a studio in Prahran.\nLandscape photography was her main interest. Tudor captured bush, rural and coastal scenes which stylistically bordered on Pictorialism, with evocations of romance and atmosphere. She entered her photographs into the exhibitions at the Royal Melbourne Show between 1927 and 1935 and won six first and six second prizes.\nElsie Edna Tudor married Raymond Stewart Carter in 1933, and ended her professional photographic career shortly afterwards. But she continued taking photographs as a keen amateur.\nShe died in 1975, at Ashburton, Victoria, aged 69.\nTechnical\nElsie Edna Tudor used a Folding Pocket Kodak Camera.\nCollections\nNational Library of Australia\n", "Events": "Elsie Tudor won six first and six second place awards for her landscape photographs at the Royal Melbourne Show. (1927 - 1935) \nElsie Tudor's work featured in Beyond the Picket Fence: Australian Women's Art in the National Library Collections (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-the-picket-fence-australian-womens-art-in-the-national-librarys-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elsie-edna-tudor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Warren, Helena", "Entry ID": "AWE6009", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/warren-helena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bulumwaal,, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Orbost, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photo Journalist, Photographer", "Summary": "Helena Warren was known for her press photography and trompe l'oeil postcard images. She worked in the goldfields district, supplementing the family income with the income of her commercial work. Entirely self-taught, her first camera was an Austral Box quarter-plate camera.\n", "Details": "Helena Warren was born in Bulumwaal, close to Bairnsdale, Victoria, c.1871. She was one of six children (the second of four daughters and twin brothers) born to her parents, Edward McKeown and Mary Damson.\nHer parents were gold miners and moved from town to town in their quest for gold. Warren was only three months old during one of these moves; her mother carried her in her arms sitting side-saddle on a horse. Eventually the family gave up gold mining, as it did not bring the rewards they anticipated, and bought a farm in Mossiface, near Bruthen, and settled there. When Warren turned 29, she married one of her neighbours and the couple established a farm in Newmerella, near Orbost.\nIn 1904, at the age of 33, Warren acquired her first camera by postal order: an Austral Box quarter-plate camera, which she used throughout her life. Warren taught herself all there was to know about photography through trial and error. She was said to have loaded her first roll of film in daylight, completely ruining it. As the only photographer in the district she gained a lot of work, and used her living room as a darkroom at night. Her semi-commercial photographic work supplemented the family income and enabled them to purchase luxuries such as a piano.\nHer photographs documented all aspects of life in the district, portraiture, sporting events, flower and animal studies, Snowy River scenes, soldiers and families. She shot her portraits out of doors using a sheet as a backdrop to simulate a studio setting and also experimented with collage, incorporating leaves into her photographs to create postcards.\nSome of her photographs were published in newspapers such as The Weekly Times and one photograph was published in The London Strand magazine.\nShe was one of the founding members of the Country Women's Association and was renowned for her abundant energy and her prize-winning handiwork (sewing, soft toys, woodwork).\nHelena Warren died aged 91 in Orbost, Victoria, c.1962.\nCollections\nMrs. Ivy E.E. Rodwell, Cooma, New South Wales (Private Collection)\n", "Events": "Helena Warren's work featured in Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helena-warren\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helena-frances-warren-australia-death-index-1787-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-first-for-women-photographers-in-australia-quick-thinking-and-ladders-got-the-top-shots\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lenne, Lilias", "Entry ID": "AWE6016", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lenne-lilias\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ardmona, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Lilias Lenne specialised in darkroom work. She also photographed weddings, and is said to have been the first photographer to fully document weddings.\n", "Details": "Lilias Lenne was the only daughter of Hugh Lenne from Ardmona (near Shepparton), Victoria, and Mrs I. Lenne of Hepburn Springs, Victoria. They lived at 'Guilford' house in Ardmona. Lenne was educated at Merton Hall in Melbourne, where photography was taught as a subject. After attending a photography demonstration given by a Kodak representative Merton Hall, Lenne became so inspired to follow a photographer's career path that she decided to leave school. She enrolled in a secretarial course at the Melbourne Technical College but decided that she would prefer to study photography instead. Lenne particularly enjoyed darkroom work.\nAfter completing her studies in 1941, Lenne gained employment working as a printer at Athol Shmith's studio. She also found work with Ron Cowan.\nLenne joined the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) in 1942 and worked for the army as a printer. She also worked as a freelancer, photographing women and servicemen's families.\nFollowing the war she opened up her own studio in Hepburn Springs, where she specialised in wedding photos and children's portraits. Lenne is thought to be the first photographer to fully document weddings. In 1949 she married the photographer Clement Stewart Scale in Melbourne. They couple opened a studio together in Footscray.\nLenne gave up her work at the studio after the birth of her first baby due to concerns about the health risks about infant exposure to darkroom chemicals. However, Lenne continued to take photographs, and also made Super 8 films and videos of her family.\nCollections\nPrivate Collections\n", "Events": "Active as a commercial photographer. (1941 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-notices-college-chapel-wedding\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pitts, Lilian Louisa", "Entry ID": "AWE6017", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pitts-lilian-louisa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Lilian Louisa Pitts (L.L.P.) was a professional photographer working in northern Victoria. L.L.P was known for her thematic photographic albums, her postcards, and for capturing the life of the community in which she lived.\n", "Details": "Lilian Louisa Pitts (L.L.P.) was born in Bairnsdale, Victoria, into an affluent Methodist family. She was one of eight children. Her father owned a flour milling business which was greatly impacted by the Depression of the 1890s. As a result the Pitt family was forced to move away from Bairnsdale, and join other pioneering families in establishing a small community in northern Victoria. The family introduced irrigation into the area and set up a stone fruit orchard. L.P.P was between 17 and 20 years of age at this time.\nL.L.P. was heavily involved in the church and broader community: she was the church organist, taught Sunday school classes as well as a bible class for young men, gave piano lessons and led the choir. L.L.P wrote mini-musicals with witty songs, and was involved in the production, direction and costuming of these works. However, she was apparently 'too modest to perform herself' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 25).\nIn 1920, L.L.P. developed a kit for the teaching of music entitled Retain Theory, which she patented and advertised in music magazines. She also marketed it by producing postcards. Despite these efforts the kit was not a commercial success.\nL.L.P.'s earliest photographs can be dated back to 1904, when she was 30 years old. These early works show her considerable technical ability and understanding of composition. She was also known for her improvisational ingenuity. After forgetting the black cloth required for a session, 'she hopped behind some bushes and took off her black petticoats' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 26).\nIn 1907, L.L.P began studying still-life painting under the tuition of A.M.E. (Alice) Bale in Melbourne. By 1908, L.L.P.'s photographic skills had developed to the point that she was producing postcards of substantial quality depicting her neighbours, family and friends; these were often in series format. The fees she sought for her work as a photographer were reported to be quite modest. L.L.P produced 100 photographs and a number of large thematic albums - these are now held by the National Gallery of Australia. Thematically, these albums depicted people in the landscape. Eight of these have survived. L.L.P. also produced a number of smaller albums which depicted special events, such as a holiday to the snow, a trip to Tasmania or even fictitious trips, in which she featured her nieces and nephews.\nL.L.P. did not drive a car herself, so most of her photographs were taken while on trips with her family, or at picnics. She travelled around Victoria using a horse and buggy, capturing landscapes and creating genre images of the outdoors. L.L.P. sometimes staged her photographs to make them appear as if they were taken indoors.\nL.L.P. entered her photographs of children into competitions such as the MacRobertson's Chocolates Christmas Stocking competition, in which she won a prize. Some of her photographs were also published in newspapers such as The Weekly Times.\nL.L.P developed a close friendship with the photographer J.P. (Jas) Campbell, who would visit L.L.P. in Merrigum during the period 1908-1914. The two would travel together on photographic expeditions, where they would exchange ideas and critique each other's work. L.L.P. had built a cottage for Campbell, but he did not return after WW1.\nIn the 1920s L.L.P's photography centred on recording the lives of her nieces as they grew up. Over the following 20 years photography became less of a focus for L.L.P's artistic practice. It is possible that the impact of the Great Depression and the costs involved with practising photography may have affected her choice of work. L.L.P. eventually shifted to teaching oil painting to young women. One of the last photographs attributed to L.L.P. took for a subject her painting group, with their easels set up in an orchard.\nLilian Louisa Pitts died in 1947.\nTechnical\nL.L.P. used a 4 x 6 \u00bd inch plate camera, possibly a Thornton Pickard, and a tripod and black cloth. Her practical versatility has been well noted. Her darkroom was set up in her parents' cellar (Australian Gallery Directors Council 26).\nCollections\nMuseum of Victoria\nNational Gallery of Australia\n", "Events": "Lilian Pitt's work featured in Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merrigum-frank\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/three-of-us-and-mount-buffalo\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-first-for-women-photographers-in-australia-quick-thinking-and-ladders-got-the-top-shots\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unremarkable-women-the-life-and-times-of-lillian-louisa-pitts-photographer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Arblaster, Mabel Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6020", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arblaster-mabel-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Eaglehawk, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hampton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Mabel Arblaster was a professional portrait photographer who worked in Eaglehawk, where she opened a studio.\n", "Details": "Mabel Arblaster was born in 1882, in the small gold mining town of Eaglehawk, Victoria, into an upper middle class family. She was the second youngest child of the family and left school when she was fourteen years of age.\nThe Arblaster family owned a gunpowder factory but suffered financially during the Depression, especially after the catastrophic event of the factory blowing up. Nonetheless, when Mabel declared her intention to become a photographer at the age of 18, her father supported her in her quest.\nArblaster entered an apprenticeship with a local chemist, who taught her how to prepare photographic plates as well as darkroom processes. The apprenticeship entailed her working for six months without pay, then a further six months for five shillings per week. She was eventually paid seven and sixpence for the remainder of her time with him.\nArblaster's father set up a studio for her in one of the shops he owned in High St, Eaglehawk, c.1901, which she named The Federal Photographic Studio. Advertisements in the Bendigo Advertiser observed that the studio was 'specially designed and built for the production of the highest class of work, such as family groups, wedding groups, groups of football and athletic clubs' (Bendigo Advertiser 1901). Even though Eaglehawk was badly affected by the Depression, Arbalester's studio stayed busy. She worked every day of the week and had to employ a messenger to assist her. Arblaster's work shows she was highly competent in lighting, composition and printing techniques. Unfortunately only a few portraits have survived.\nArblaster married John Bell, a school teacher, on 18 April 1906 and then closed her studio. She had a number of children and for a considerable amount of time the Bell family moved from one town to another, before eventually settling in Melbourne. The family came to be quite impoverished, so Mabel was unable to take up photography again.\nHowever, Arblaster did keep her camera with her always, and had it set up on a tripod everywhere she lived. She died in 1943.\nCollections\nMuseum Victoria\nPrivate collections\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eaglehawk\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/191-private-henry-bell\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Massingham, Madge", "Entry ID": "AWE6022", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/massingham-madge\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Madge Massingham was a professional photographer who operated her own studio. During WW2 Massingham became involved in the Women's Air Training Corps' photographic section.\n", "Details": "Madge Massingham was born c.1895 in Geelong, Victoria. Her father was George Leake Massingham, a professional photographer, and her mother was Mary Ellen McWilliams. The couple had seven children, one of whom died at birth. After arriving in Australia from England, her father established himself as a travelling photographer, an occupation he continued after his marriage. He travelled throughout country Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales, setting up studios along the way. The family ended up moving with him, travelling to Sydney, Narrandera, Bendigo, Newtown, Geelong and Deniliquin.\nFrom an early age Madge began assisting her father in the darkroom, developing prints of landscapes and portraits. Her first camera was a Box Brownie; as she became more experienced began using her father's camera.\nDuring the early 1930s she began working as a printer for Kodak in Victoria. She then established a studio and darkroom of her own at the family home in Preston.\nAround 1938 Massingham travelled to Tasmania. Initially the purpose of the trip was a short holiday, but she stayed there for seven years following the outbreak of WW2. She enlisted in the Women's Air Training Corps (WATC) in 1941 and became the first section leader in Australia to set up a WATC photography section, where she trained women photographers for the Department of Air during the war years.\nMassingham enjoyed travelling and photographed what she encountered on her trips. She documented the weir at Yarrawonga (1936) as well as the mining town of Queenstown, Tasmania (1938).\nIn 1945 she returned to Melbourne and continued her work with the Department of Air, as well as pursuing her own photographic work.\nAfter she retired, Massingham devoted her time to craftwork and gardening. She died in Caulfield, Victoria, c.1978.\nTechnical\nMassingham's first camera was a Box Brownie.\nCollections\nNational Gallery of Australia\n", "Events": "Madge Massingham's work featured in Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/camera-conscious\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kangaroo-flat-state-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-group-record-for-george-leake-massingham\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLeod, Mona Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE6031", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcleod-mona-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sea Lake, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Mona McLeod was a professional photographer working in Bairnsdale, Victoria, where she ran her own studio. Many of her photographs of local events, including the Black Friday bushfire (1939) were published in local newspapers.\n", "Details": "Mona McLeod was born in Gippsland near Bemm River, Victoria in 1897 and lived there for most of her life. Her parents had emigrated from Scotland and she was the fifth of seven children. The family lived on a farm in an isolated and mountainous part of the country. The farm was largely run by her mother and the children, as her father was away fossicking for gold in South America, California, as well as East Gippsland for much of the time.\nMcLeod received her first camera at the age of 11 and soon after decided on a career as a photographer. Her determination saw her setting up a fruit and vegetable stall so that she could make enough money to leave Bemm River. McLeod managed to move to Bairnsdale when she turned 14, working at the Royle's Coffee Palace as a waitress in return for being able to lodge there 'under the protection of the owner' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 20) .\nShe eventually found work as a studio apprentice with the only photographer in the area, Howard Bumer, and by her twenties was able to set up her own studio at the back of a toy shop. By 1927 McLeod had rented a shop which she converted into a 'shopfront studio.' McLeod was able to support her family through her hard work, purchasing a house for them in Marlow, close to Bemm River.\nAlthough McLeod had set up a darkroom at home, she mainly worked from her Main Street studio until her semi-retirement in 1959. She was the only photographer in the district, known to have 'seldom refused a job and would go almost anywhere, loading her old fashioned plate camera into the back of her big, vintage Dodge convertible' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 20).\nMcLeod's photography captured all manner of social and community events. She was known to be able to relax her sitters with her warmth and 'vivacious humour.' Her studio work, in contrast, was considered stiff and lacking in imagination - the same three backcloths were used throughout her career. McLeod was more creative and adventurous with her outdoor photography, to the extent that 'she didn't mind climbing a lamppost' with little concern about revealing her 'large, modest bloomers' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 20).\nMcLeod's news photography, depicting events including floods, car accidents and the Black Friday bushfire (1939) was published in The Weekly Times, The Herald and possibly The Argus. She was also commissioned by The Australian to photograph oilfields.\nMcLeod took on three female assistants during the war years to support her with an ever-increasing work load. Increased demand for photography materialised because the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) had a large air base close to Bairnsdale. McLeod photographed many social events of the time and also produced some propaganda photography. One of her assistants, Elsie Sievwright, pursued a career in photography, setting up her own studio after Mona died.\nAlthough McLeod had a close relationship with Clarrie Royle, the son of Mrs Royle, the owner of the Royle's Coffee Palace, the couple never married. After McLeod died as a result of high blood pressure in 1964, she was cremated. Her ashes were taken to Lakes Entrance by her close friends, who scattered them near a bush bungalow where this group of female friends had regularly holidayed.\nTechnical\nMcLeod owned a Bellows plate camera.\nCollections\nBairnsdale Museum (collection includes McLeod's large Bellows plate camera)\nEast Gippsland Historical Society\nGeorge Paton Gallery Archive, University of Melbourne Archives\nState Library of Victoria\n", "Events": "Mona Mcleod's work featured in Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981) \nMona Mcleod's work featured in Bairnsdale Historical Museum exhibition. (2010 - 2010)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homage-to-local-hero\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dougall, Olga", "Entry ID": "AWE6035", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dougall-olga\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "MalvernMalvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Olga Dougall is known for her portraiture, commercial and magazine work.\n", "Details": "Olga Dougall was born in Brunswick, Victoria, c.1896. She was one of four daughters. Her father was Alan Dougall, a professional photographer who owned the Sarong Studios in Elizabeth Street, Melbourne.\nOf the four daughters, Olga was the only one to show an interest in photography and took to helping her father at his studio. She was trained in processing and developing film as well as printing. Dougall became very skilled working as a colourist, utilising watercolour and oil paint, a popular practice in the 1920s.\nDougall had been engaged to be married, but tragically her fianc\u00e9 died during WW1. Following this loss she devoted herself to creating a career for herself as a photographer and also to caring for her elderly parents. She never married.\nAfter her father died in 1943 she moved the studio to Sydney Road, Brunswick, changing its name to Home Studios. Dougall specialised in wedding photography, photographing children, and portraiture. By 1946 her health was deteriorating and she employed a Mr Brook to work as her assistant.\nIn 1952 she moved to Malvern and lived with her widowed sister. Dougall died in 1963.\nTechnical\nDuring the 1920s she used a Grafflex quarter plate.\nCollections\nGeorge Paton Gallery Collection, University of Melbourne Archives\nPrivate collections\n", "Events": "Olga Dougall's work featured in Early Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clarke, Pegg", "Entry ID": "AWE6036", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-pegg\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Pegg Clarke was a Pictorialist photographer who ran her own successful photography business until the 1950s. Clarke is known for being the only woman to be included in the First Exhibition of the Australian Salon of Photography in 1924.\n", "Details": "Little is known of Pegg Clarke's early years and what drew her to photography. What is evident, however, is that she worked as a professional photographer of considerable repute. Jack Cato referred to her work as being of 'the highest standard' (Cato 136).\nDuring the interwar period, Clarke's clientele included rich and prominent Melbourne society figures. Clarke was known for her studio, portrait and function photography, as well as for her urban and rural photographs, which were created in the Pictorialist style.\nClarke was well-regarded for her softly focussed impressionistic style, and her photograph Mist in the Mountains was reproduced in Cameragraphs, and included in the First Exhibition of the Australian Salon of Photography in 1924. She was the only Australian woman to be included in this exhibition. Another of her photographs, Winnie, created controversy due to its 'fuzzy' image but ended up winning equal first prize at The Home Portraiture Competition in 1915.\nClarke lived with the artist Dora Wilson at 'Rosebank,' Glenferrie Road, Hawthorn, opposite Scotch College, from 1927. The two women shared a studio, and also travelled around Australia, and then London and Europe from 1926-1927. During this period they produced a series of photographs and paintings that were later featured in an exhibition entitled Together Again: Celebrating the work of Pegg Clark and Dora Wilson, in 2009.\nPegg Clarke died at the age of 66 in 1956. Her photographs continue to generate interest regularly sell at Australian auctions.\nCollections\nCastlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum\nPrivate Collections\nState Library of Victoria.\n", "Events": "Pegg Clarke was awarded a prize at the Australian Photo-Review competitiion for her child portrait Winnie. (1915 - 1915) \nPegg Clarke's work featured in Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981) \nPegg Clarke's work featured in Impressions of Melbourne Exhibition (1931 - 1931) \nPegg Clarke's work featured in the Colonial Prints Exhibition,organised by the English magazine Amateur Photographer (1923 - 1923) \nPegg Clarke's work featured in the London Salon held by the Royal Photographic Society. (1921 - 1921) \nPegge Clarke's work featured in Together Again: Celebrating the Work of Pegg Clarke and Dora Wilson (2009 - 2009)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-story-of-the-camera-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-pictures-australian-pictorial-photography-as-art-1897-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catalogue-of-camera-pictures-by-pegg-clarke-at-athenaeum-gallery-188-collins-street-melbourne-from-monday-5th-december-to-saturday-17th-december-1932\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-rhoda-law-smith-whose-engagement-is-announced\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pegg-clarke-c1890-c1956-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/together-again-celebrating-the-work-of-dora-wilson-and-pegg-clarke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/who-was-pegg-clarke\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barnard, Mildred Macfarlan", "Entry ID": "AWE6057", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barnard-mildred-macfarlan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Mathematician, Statistician", "Summary": "Mildred Macfarlan Barnard was a statistician, mathematician and biometrician. She worked as an Assistant Biometrician in the Division of Forest Products at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) from 1936-41. Mildred lectured at the University of Melbourne and the Women's College, and later at the University of Queensland. She was also the first woman to chair the Brisbane Branch of the International Biometrics Society, Australasian Region, in 1972.\n", "Details": "Mildred Macfarlan Barnard was the child of Richard James Allman Barnard who taught mathematics at Queen's and Ormond College before lecturing at Duntroon Military College. From 1922 to 1933 he lectured at Melbourne University. The family had been long established in Victoria: Mildred Barnard's grandfather owned a pharmacy where the old Kew Post office now stands.\nMildred Barnard excelled in mathematics, winning the Dixson Scholarship in 1931, graduating BA and BSc. She took her MA the following year and in 1935 attended University College, London where she wrote the three papers that were accepted for her PhD from the University of London.\nReturning to Australia, she worked with Betty Allan (like her, an alumna of Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School) as Assistant Biometrician in the Division of Forest Products of the CSIR from 1936 to 1941.[1] Her investigations covered such aspects as the holding power of coach screws and the serviceability over time of railway sleepers and telegraph poles. It has been noted that:\nBarnard was quick to point out the defects in such practices as picking out average-looking trees and taking many samples from a few trees rather than the other way around, advocating that representative samples be a priority, that random samples be used wherever practicable, that stratification takes place whenever appropriate, and that samples should be reasonably large in relation to the variability of the characters of interest. She would also point out that before sampling a population or obtaining material for an experiment, it is generally wise to obtain the advice of a statistician! [2]\nIn 1939 she married and until 1956, when the family left for Queensland, she lectured part-time at both the University and Women's College. She lectured thereafter at the University of Queensland. Her Elementary Statistics for Timber Research Workers, twice printed for internal CSIR use, was formally published in 1956.[3] In 1972 she became the first woman to chair the Brisbane Branch of the International Biometrics Society, Australasian Region.\n[1] For a brief description of Allan's life and work see Juliet Flesch and Peter McPhee. 160 Years 160 Stories. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2013. p.4.\n[2] J.B.F. Field, F.E. Speed, T.P. Speed & J.M. Williams. 'Biometrics in the CSIR: 1930-1940'. Australian Journal of Statistics. v. 30(B) (1988): 54-76.\n[3] Mildred M. Barnard and Nell Ditchburne. Elementary Statistics for Use in Timber Research. Melbourne: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia, 1956.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barnard-mildred-macfarlan-1908-2000\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Byrne, Helen Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6058", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/byrne-helen-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leongatha, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Doctor, Physician", "Summary": "Helen Elizabeth Byrne graduated with an MBBS (Honours) in 1947, after which she worked at various hospitals in both Victoria and London. In 1961 she qualified as a member of the Royal Australian College of Physicians and until 1966, was appointed an honorary physician to out-patients at the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital. In addition to working as a clinical assistant and an assistant physician, Helen held a university appointment as a clinical tutor at the Royal Melbourne Hospital.\n", "Details": "Helen Elizabeth Byrne did not study Medicine as her first choice. She initially took her MA in French and Italian studies and, graduating in 1933, won the W.T. Mollison Scholarship, using it to travel to Perugia to undertake the course in Italian literature and art offered to foreign students at the Universit\u00e0 per Stranieri and to Rome where studied at La Sapienza. She noted on her return that the buildings in Rome were shabby and 'The hand of Mussolini is very much in evidence in the universities, for no criticism of the Fascist regime is tolerated.'[1] She gave a talk on 3LO ABC in 1935 on 'Some Things We Could Learn from the Italians'.[2]\nIn 1942 she began studies towards the MBBS she took with Honours in 1947 and worked at the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital before going to London in 1950, spending two years at the Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith and various other London hospitals. After two years back at the Queen Victoria, she joined Claire Crittle (1921-2006) in general practice in Burwood. She qualified as a Member of the Royal Australian College of Physicians in 1961 and was appointed as an honorary physician to Out-patients at the Queen Victoria until 1966. She was also Clinical Assistant at St Vincent's Hospital in 1961 and Assistant Physician at Royal Melbourne Hospital from 1963 until her retirement which coincided with the end of the honorary system in Victoria in 1975. At the Royal Melbourne she held a university appointment as clinical tutor to fourth year medical and dental students and served as Acting Honorary Physician to Outpatients in 1967 and 1968.\nHelen Byrne's Italian proved a great benefit in dealing with newly arrived migrants and she learned Modern Greek to be able to communicate with others. She was a member of the Australian Medical Association, the Victorian Medical Women's Society and the Lyceum Club, which she joined in 1932. She was also a devout Roman Catholic. The College Roll of the Royal Australian College of Surgeons tells us that 'She made a quiet and self-effacing but significant contribution to the medical and cultural life of her era.'[3]\n[1] 'Home from Italy: Miss Helen Byrne'. Argus. 4 May 1934:10.\n[2] Argus 2 May 1938: 15.\n[3] M. Henderson. 'College Roll: Byrne, Helen Elizabeth'. https:\/\/www.racp.edu.au\/page\/library\/college-roll\/college-roll-detail&id=2 (no longer available online).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Colville, Pamela Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE6059", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colville-pamela-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrative officer, Research officer, Secretary, Technical assistant", "Summary": "Pamela Louise Colville held a number of positions throughout her career at the University of Melbourne. At various times, Pamela was employed as a technical assistant, in various senior administration roles, and also in the Zoology Department. She was awarded a Bronze Medal to mark 25 years' of service to the university, despite briefly retiring twice.\n", "Details": "Pamela Louise Colville nee Braund is in the rare position of having been awarded a Bronze Medal to mark 25 years' service to the University, despite having twice briefly resigned. She was, during her long periods of employment in different Departments, however, regarded as someone whose work made that of all who worked with her more efficient and frequently more enjoyable.\nWhen the Head of the Department of Zoology put the case for her reclassification to a higher grade, the note read in part:\nMrs Colville is not the sort of person who settles for compromise or improvisation: she works out the best way of running a system and puts it into practice. She is an efficient and enormously energetic worker who makes things happen\u2026 She has steadily put all our resources\u2026 onto a much better-organized and more easily accessible basis.\nAs an example, the note recorded her readiness to assume tasks outside her formal duties such as organising the tea club, laundry and blackboard cleaning.\nPamela Colville came to the University in 1971 as a Technical Assistant in the Department of Genetics, having spent the previous year as a secretary with Commercial Union Insurance. She worked her way steadily up the scale, taking her Certificate of Applied Science in 1977 and her Animal Technician Certificate the following year. From 1980 to 1986 she worked in Zoology with responsibility for undergraduate practical classes, care and storage of equipment and for museum specimens. She left in 1986 because of ill health, but finding herself in her own words 'going mad at home', in 1989 entered the Department of Engineering, occupying a succession of senior administrative positions in Academic Services and the Office of the Dean.\nIn 1996 Pamela Colville was appointed to Property and Campus Services, initially as a Research Officer and Committee Secretary of the Planning and Development Committees.[1] She moved to coordinating client services, a position requiring a high level of interpersonal skills and organisation. When she retired, she noted that while she had thoroughly enjoyed laboratory work and interacting with students, her best career memory was of climbing the Old Quad Building with the architect George Tibbits and discovering some stonework from an old City building.\n[1] Further information on this Department can be found in Juliet Flesch. Minding the Shop: people and events that shaped the Department of Property & Buildings 1853-2003 at the University of Melbourne. Melbourne: Department of Property & Buildings, 2004.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coverlid, Dorothea Rebecca", "Entry ID": "AWE6060", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coverlid-dorothea-rebecca\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Burwood, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Lecturer, Tutor", "Summary": "Dorothea Rebecca Coverlid taught German at the University of Melbourne. She was appointed tutor in 1923, reader in 1959 and from 1964 to 1968 she lectured part-time.\n", "Details": "Dorothea Rebecca Coverlid took her in BA and Dip Ed in 1918, sharing the Dwight Prize in Education and was awarded her MA in 1920. A hint to her future career can be found in the fact that as well as gaining honours in French and German, in 1917, Dorothea Coverlid was awarded Second Prize in the Brunning Prizes for Botany awarded for the best plant collection. Appointed as a Tutor in German in 1923, she had attained the position of Reader in 1959. From 1964 until 1968 she continued to lecture part-time, retiring in 1969.\nFor many years Dorothea Coverlid was employed specifically to teach Science German. At her funeral Professor Richard Samuel remarked:\nThis may appear a dry, even an unrewarding assignment but she made it a live and stimulating subject, and still today many physicists, botanists, geographers and doctors remember her as their teacher. She was a born teacher, a superb teacher because teaching meant to her contact with people and helping people to achieve a goal.\nDorothea Coverlid took a continued interest in school teaching of German and served on the Council of University Women's College, was a member of the Lyceum Club, the Victorian Women's Graduate Association (acting as Secretary in the 1930s), the Victorian Schools Board, on the Selection Committee of the Society for Australian-German Student Exchange and secretary to the Goethe Society.\nShe made many trips to Germany. In 1949 she attended the Goethe bicentenary celebrations at Frankfurt as the representative of the Australian Goethe Society and her work was described in the Australian press:\nMiss Dorothy Coverlid, lecturer in Germanic languages at Melbourne University, who has been doing splendid work for the British Government with the educational section of its administration in the British zone in Germany.[1]\nOn her return she gave a lecture at the University of Tasmania on post-war German schools and universities and spoke of the work of the Allied Commission in the British zone, especially among young people.[2]\nDorothea Coverlid edited two books and published several translations, including Ernst Wiechert's eloquent plea to German youth to accept a degree of guilt for remaining at best, passive onlookers at the advance of the Nazi regime.[3]\n[1] Elizabeth Auld. 'More Food in England But Quality Poor'. Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 14 September 1949: 5\n[2] 'Lecture on German Schools'. Mercury. 14 October 1950:\n[3] German Science Texts. Edited by Dorothea R. Coverlid and Fritz P. Loewe. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press in association with Oxford University Press, 1943; Richard H. Samuel. Selected Writings. Edited in honour of his 65th birthday by D.R. Coverlid \u2026 [et al.]; with a foreword by W.H. Bruford. Melbourne: Dept. of Germanic Studies, University of Melbourne, 1965; Wiechert, Ernst. 'We Are Guilty '. Meanjin. v.7 no.4 (Summer 1948): 259-263.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Derham, Rosemary Joan Brudenell", "Entry ID": "AWE6061", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/derham-rosemary-joan-brudenell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "Rosemary Joan Brudenell Derham was the wife of David Plumley Derham, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Melbourne from 1968 to 1982. Rosemary took a keen interest and concern in local engagement and child welfare. She belonged to a number of women's organisations and also served on the Committee of Management of the Royal Children's Hospital.\n", "Details": "In many way the life of Rosemary Joan Brudenell, Lady Derham nee White exemplifies that of the wives of Vice-Chancellors of her time and earlier. It was not until later that they continued in independent careers. This is not, however, to suggest that Rosemary Derham was not extremely busy.\nEducated at Toorak College, which had moved from Glenferrie Road to Mount Eliza in 1928, she took her BA from the University in March 1944, having married David Plumley Derham (1920-1985) in January the same year.[1] He was to become the foundation Dean of the Monash University Law School and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Melbourne from 1968 to 1982.\nRosemary Derham's concern for local engagement and child welfare is documented early in the history of what is now the Fairy Hills Kindergarten Association, which tells us that in 1947 she and her neighbours set up a playgroup in Ivanhoe. Two years later sixteen parents formed a collective, guaranteeing the payment of an annual subscription and thus officially starting the Fairy Hills Playgroup Association.[2]\nMany of Rosemary Derham's public engagements were University-related, involving organisations such as the University of Melbourne Auxiliaries and Women of the University Fund, of which she was President from 1976 until her husband's retirement in 1982. Many more, such as membership of the Lyceum and Alexandra clubs, were not. As well as belonging to these women's organisations, Rosemary Derham served on the Committee of Management of the Royal Children's Hospital.\nWhen the Association of Commonwealth Universities held its 10th congress in Sydney in 1968, the executive heads of its member institutions met at the University of Melbourne beforehand, with the Vice-Chancellor's wife assuming a busy schedule of entertainment.\nIn 1998 Lady Derham published an account of her distinguished father's Gallipoli campaign, entitled The Silence Ruse.[3] Sir Brudenell White planned and executed the much-celebrated evacuation of the ANZACs from the peninsula.\n[1] Cecily Close. 'Derham, Sir David Plumley (1920-1985)'. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2007; Argus. 4 February 1944: 2.\n[2] https:\/\/www.fairyhills.com.au\/history\n[3] Rosemary Derham. The Silence Ruse: escape from Gallipoli; a record and memories of the life of General Sir Brudenell White. Melbourne: Cliffe Books, 1998.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gardner, Joan Forrest", "Entry ID": "AWE6064", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gardner-joan-forrest\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Researcher, Scientist, Teacher", "Summary": "Joan Forrest Gardner took up a position at the Department of Bacteriology (now known as the Department of Microbiology and Immunology) at the University of Melbourne in 1953. During her extensive career, she taught and researched in the areas of sterilisation, disinfection and infection control.\nJoan established and lectured in advanced training courses for infection-control nurses and the staff of hospital sterilising departments. She also played an important role in the establishment of standards for sterilisers and other related hospital equipment.\nShe was an Honorary Life Member of what is now the Sterilising Research Advisory Council of Australia. In June 1992 Joan was declared an Officer of the Order of Australia.\n", "Details": "Joan Forrest Gardner came from a distinguished scientific family. Her uncle was Howard Florey, who shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, her father served as a medical officer during the First World War and practised as a physician until his untimely death in 1928 and her mother, Hilda Josephine Gardner, a brilliant medical student, became one of Melbourne's foremost haematologists.[1]\nJoan Gardner also had a brilliant undergraduate career, taking honours in most of her subjects. She took her BSc in 1940 and MSc in microbiology with a thesis on coenzymes the following year. On a part-time research scholarship from 1941 to 1946, she investigated enzymes in wheat flour in the Department of Biochemistry after which she left for the Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford University, from which she took her DPhil and published two papers in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology.[2]\nBack in Melbourne in 1953, Joan Gardner took up an appointment in the then Department of Bacteriology, now the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and began a long period of teaching and research in sterilisation, disinfection and infection control. As well as writing two books on the subject with Sydney Rubbo and Margaret Peel, she established and lectured in advanced training courses for infection-control nurses and the staff of hospital sterilising departments.[3] She also played an important role in the establishment of standards for sterilisers and related hospital equipment. Her work was recognised by being declared, in June 1992, an Officer of the Order of Australia. She was also an Honorary Life Member of what is now the Sterilising Research Advisory Council of Australia.\nOutside her professional life Joan Gardner had many interests. She was a member of the Handknitters' Guild and a longstanding supporter of the Lort Smith Animal Hospital. She was also especially interested in the riggings and sails of the different types of sailing ships. One of her obituaries mentions that as a child she liked to go to the docks and watch the movement of the ships in and out of the Port of Melbourne. [4]\n[1] 'Hilda J. Gardner, MB BS'. British Medical Journal. 13 June 1953: 1336-1337.\n[2] Joan F. Gardner. 'An Antibiotic Produced by Staphylococcus aureus'. British Journal of Experimental Pathology. v. 30 no. 2(Apr 1949): 130-138; Joan F. Gardner. 'Some Antibiotics Formed by Bacterium coli.'. British Journal of Experimental Pathology. v. 31 no.1(Feb 1950): 102-111.\n[3] Sydney D. Rubbo and Joan F. Gardner. A Review of Sterilization and Disinfection as Applied to Medical, Industrial and Laboratory Practice. London: Lloyd-Luke, 1965; Joan F. Gardner, Margaret M. Peel. Introduction to Sterilization and Disinfection. Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone, 1986 (2nd edition 1991; 3rd edition 1997).\n[4] 'Leader in the fight against infection'. Prepared by Dr Margaret Mary Peel with assistance from Joan's cousins, John (Jack) Sunter of Melbourne and Elizabeth Shephard of Adelaide. Age: January 17, 2014. http:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/comment\/obituaries\/leader-in-the-fight-against-infection-20140116-30xmf.html\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gladish, Sarah Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE6065", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gladish-sarah-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Surrey Hills, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman", "Details": "Sarah Jane Gladish nee Blumfield would have been familiar to generations of University of Melbourne staff and students. She was the wife of Frank Gladish (1847-1929) who joined the staff in 1876 as a Medical School Porter. After being promoted to Head Porter, a position he occupied from 1894 to 1902, he became the Medical School Library Clerk. He retired with his wife to Surrey Hills in 1925, at the age of seventy-eight.\nSarah and Frank Gladish married in 1877, but did not move into the University of Melbourne Lodge for another seventeen years. A son, Charles Emery, was born the year after their marriage and died in 1879. Their daughter Amy Victoria was born in 1880. She attended Presbyterian Ladies' College, matriculating in 1899, took her BMus in 1902 and died, aged only 25, in 1906. They had no other children.\nThe Gladish family were not accommodated immediately in the University grounds, and are listed from 1880 to 1882 as living at 2 Malvina Place, off Grattan Street, subsequently moving into a cottage in the grounds near the old Medical School on Swanston Street. They moved into the Lodge at the Grattan Street gate in 1894 and remained there until 1925. By this time, it had acquired the east and west gabled wings added to its original central room, although a laundry and bathroom were not added until 1962.[1] Mrs Gladish gave the University Lodge as her business address when she advertised her services in University publications such as Speculum, Alma Mater and the University Gazette as 'University Robe Maker'. She hired and sold academic dress to students 'at the University Lodge, Grattan Street', with gowns available from \u00a31.10 and trenchers from 10\/6 - 'Barristers' and Clergymen's Gowns a Speciality'.[2]\nSarah Gladish remained in Surrey Hills after her husband's death. She was buried with her husband and both of their children in the Baptist section of the Melbourne General Cemetery.\n[1] Philip Goad & George Tibbits. Architecture in Campus: a guide to the University of Melbourne and its colleges. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2003.\n[2] See, for example, Speculum. May 1913:59.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Howqua, June Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE6069", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/howqua-june-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Doctor, Physician", "Summary": "June Howqua was awarded her MD in 1947 from the University of Melbourne. Her most significant appointment as a physician was as at the Queen Victoria Hospital, where she devoted three decades of her life. She took the position of the Vice-President of the Board of Management from 1979 to 1983 and membership of the Standing Committee of Ethics in Human Experimentation and IVF. She was twice President of the Honorary Medical Staff.\n", "Details": "The great-grandfather of June Louise Howqua immigrated to Australia in 1854, being appointed Government interpreter in 1855. Ah Kin How Qua was naturalised in 1861 and gave his name to the Victorian valley in which he settled.[1] The family moved to Melbourne and June Howqua took her MBBS in 1944 with Honours in all subjects. She was awarded her MD in 1947.\nShe worked at the Royal Melbourne and the Royal Children's Hospitals before paying her passage to England as a ship's doctor and spending time at the Central Middlesex Hospital and the Brompton Hospital in London. Her most significant appointment as physician, however, was at the Queen Victoria Hospital to which she devoted three decades, taking the position of Vice-President of the Board of Management from 1979 to 1983 and membership of the Standing Committee of Ethics in Human Experimentation and IVF. She was twice President of the Honorary Medical Staff.\nJune Howqua specialised in cardiology and pulmonary medicine, publishing several papers on the subject.[2] She also had a special interest assisting women doctors in resuming their careers after marriage and ran several courses for them.[3] In an interview in 2006 she recalled being refused a position at a well-known hospital because it already had one female doctor on the staff.[4] When the Queen Victoria Hospital amalgamated with Monash Medical Centre at Clayton, she became an Associate in the Monash University Faculty of Medicine and oversaw the expansion of the obstetric unit.\nWhen the Queen Victoria Hospital moved to Clayton in 1989, June Howqua, living in the East Melbourne house she had refurbished, continued in private practice until 1996 when she retired and was able to spend more time on her grazing property in Flowerdale. She also volunteered with the Brotherhood of St Laurence and studied a number of subjects in Classics at the University. She was a member of the Lyceum Club and listed her recreations as literature, theatre and gardening as well as farming and classical studies. In her will she endowed prizes at both Monash and her alma mater; both are available to a final year student.\n[1] National Archives of Australia, NAA: A712, 1861\/U7248 Howqua, Ah Kin - Naturalisation https:\/\/recordsearch.naa.gov.au\/SearchNRetrieve\/Interface\/ViewImage.aspx?B=1815331\n[2] John Hayward, June Howqua. 'Pulmonary Embolism a Case Successfully Treated by Embolectomy'.\nLancet. v. 284 no. 7363 (10 October 1964): 771-776; June Howqua, John Leeton. 'A Case of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Requiring Splenectomy and Trial of Labour'. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. v. 9 no. 2 (May1969): 122-124.\n[3] June L. Howqua. 'Refresher Course at Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne, for Married Women Wishing to Return to Medical Practice. 'British Medical Journal'. v. 1 no. 5542(25 March 1967): 752-753.\n[4] Helen Razer. 'A Tower of Strength'. Age. 19 June 2006:\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kerr, Jean St George", "Entry ID": "AWE6070", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerr-jean-st-george\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Accountant", "Summary": "Jean Kerr was the first woman in Australia to graduate in accountancy and the first to hold a full-time lectureship in Accounting.\nShe was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1957 and Reader in 1968. After retiring at age 60, Jean continued to publish material that achieved worldwide recognition.\n", "Details": "Jean St George Kerr was the first woman in Australia to graduate in accountancy and the first to hold a full-time lectureship in Accounting. She had been a brilliant student, entering the University of Melbourne at just fifteen and coming second in the class list in first year Accountancy. Having interrupted her studies to work as an accountant between 1942 and 1946, she graduated BCom and was immediately offered one of the temporary post-war positions created by the University to cope with the influx of returning servicemen.\nIn 1954, having been appointed to the permanent staff of the University of Melbourne, she travelled to New York to undertake the MSc by coursework. On her return to Australia, she showed one of her papers to the editor of The Australian Accountant. Geoff Burrows tells us that:\nHer 'Three concepts of business income\", published in the April 1956 Australian Accountant, provided a masterly analysis of the income-capital nexus under three different measurement systems - historical cost, current purchasing power, and current operating capacity.\nIt would become one of the most widely cited and reproduced articles of its time, generating a major international reputation for its self-effacing author.[1]\nShe was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1957 and Reader in 1968. Jean Kerr was remarkable, however, not for 'hitting the glass ceiling' but in showing little interest in academic promotion. She retired at the age of 60 but continued, at the request of her former pupil, Kevin Stevenson, who was director of the Australian Accounting Research Foundation, to publish material that achieved worldwide recognition. The Definition and Recognition of Liabilities was translated into Japanese.[2] Several other monographs followed. In 1989 she co-edited a Festschrift for her former colleague and mentor, Louis Goldberg AO (1908-1997) who occupied the GL Wood Chair of Accounting from 1957 until 1973.[3]\nJean Kerr's bequest to the University of Melbourne was acknowledged in the University's Report to Donors in 2013.[4]\n[1] Geoff Burrows. 'Pioneering Female Accounting Academic.' Age. 4 May 2013: http:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/comment\/obituaries\/pioneering-female-accounting-academic-20130503-2iyz3.html\n[2] Jean St. G. Kerr. The Definition and Recognition of Liabilities. Melbourne: Australian Accounting Research Foundation, 1984.\n[3] Jean St. G. Kerr, R.C. Clift, eds. Essays in Honour of Louis Goldberg. Melbourne: Department of Accounting and Business Law, University of Melbourne, 1989.\n[4] University of Melbourne. Report to Donors 2013: the impact of giving.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lemaire, Diane Adrienne", "Entry ID": "AWE6073", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lemaire-diane-adrienne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aeronautical Engineer, Engineer", "Summary": "Diane Lemaire was the first woman to take her Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering from the University of Melbourne in March 1944.\nDiane worked as a Technical Officer in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Division of Aeronautics and after the war took up a position at the National Physical Laboratory in England. In 1962 she received the Amelia Earhart Fellowship, despite not being a member of Zonta International. Diane retired in 1986.\n", "Details": "Diane Adrienne Lemaire left St Catherine's School in 1939 having won a prize for mathematics and lived in Janet Clarke Hall until 1943. She was the daughter of Lionel Henry Lemaire, who served in the AIF and was mentioned in despatches. In March 1944 she became the first woman to take her Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering from the University of Melbourne.\nDespite this distinction she attracted a certain amount of press publicity, some of which seems both sexist and extraordinary today. In 1946 the Argus reported on a party she and her brother Peter, at the time an Agricultural Science student who graduated in 1950, hosted for some 130 'Ex-University students, a group of young doctors, and some service types' and the following year, the Northern Argus reported that: 'About one mile South of Penwortham on the Main North Road on the night of May 27th, two cars driven by women drivers came into collision. The headlights of both vehicles were on.' Although there appear to have been no injuries both drivers and all passengers, including Diane Lemaire, were carefully named.[1] Another brother, James, took his LLB in 1940.\nShe took a position as Technical Officer working in experimental stress analysis in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Division of Aeronautics, later the Aeronautical Research Laboratories, running the low speed wind tunnel used in missile testing and other aircraft studies. After the war, she worked for two years at the National Physical Laboratory, in England. Although not a member of Zonta International, in 1962 she received their Amelia Earhart Fellowship. In America she took her MSc from Cornell University in 1964 with a thesis entitled 'On the Question of the Existence of a Homogeneous Solution to the Equation for the Flow over the Shroud of a Ducted Propeller'.\nReturning to the Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Diane Lemaire published several more reports before her retirement in 1986. She was an active member of the Lyceum Club and bred Lhasa Apso dogs. She made several generous bequests to the University, including one to the Department of Engineering, which supports the Diane Lemaire Scholarship and another to the University of Melbourne Veterinary Hospital as well as to the Janet Clarke Hall scholarship programme and Zonta International. Sadly, she was notoriously camera-shy, so a really good photograph of her proved impossible to find.[2]\n[1] 'At 9 Darling Street.' Argus . 5 October 1946: 13; 'Two Women Motor Car Drivers in Accident.' Northern Argus. 5 June 1947: 13.\n[2] Personal correspondence, Dr Elizabeth Flann to Juliet Flesch, 23 January 2015.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maxwell, Lilias Charlotte", "Entry ID": "AWE6076", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maxwell-lilias-charlotte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Scientist", "Details": "Lilias Charlotte Maxwell nee Jackson was intimately connected to the University of Melbourne both before and after her marriage, although, as was typical of her time, in rather different ways. A graduate of the University of Melbourne, she married a University of Melbourne academic and their children are all Melbourne graduates.\nLilias Jackson graduated BSc in 1911 and MSc the following year when she also won a Government Research Scholarship for work on fish from a nutritional perspective. In 1914, winning the University Scholarship in Physiology she was appointed a demonstrator, acting in Arthur Rothera's position as Lecturer from August 1915 until 1919. Her scientific career was a promising one. She was elected to the Physiological Society, London in 1915, the first year in which women were admitted and published several papers.[1] In 1919 Lilias Jackson married another promising biochemist, L.A.I. Maxwell, known as Ivan and it is as Mrs Ivan Maxwell that her subsequent career was recorded.\nAlthough she left academia, Lilias Maxwell continued her involvement with the University through the Women of the University Fund and many benevolent societies concerned with the wellbeing of the troops in World War II. She was at various times President of the University Women's Patriotic Fund, the Lyceum Club and the Catalysts.\nFrom 1935 to 1937 the family travelled in Europe. On her return, Lilias Maxwell gave lectures to organisations like Rotary and the Victorian Women Graduates' Association on her impressions of Russia and Spain. In Russia she was especially struck by the contrasts in poverty and affluence among the people, noting that 'in a railway waiting-room she saw a magnificent Persian rug but in shop windows she saw little attractive food or clothing'.[2] In Spain the most notable aspect was the January festivities continuing in Seville despite the Civil War:\ncelebrating the feast of the three kings with a procession watched by a laughing crowd, which followed it into the great cathedral. Sweets were distributed to the children, and the night before the shops had been open late to sell toys for them.[3]\nIn addition to serving on the committees of the Melbourne Hospital Auxiliary, St Andrew's Presbyterian Hospital, the Scottish Mothers' Union and the Parents' National Education Union, Lilias Jackson managed two houses: 'Narveno' in Toorak, and 'Rosmarin' in McCrae.\n[1] Lilias C. Jackson, Leslie McNab and A. C. H. Rothera. 'The Electrical Conductivity of Milk during its Concentration, with Suggestions for a Practical Method of Determining the End Point in the Manufacture of Sweetened Condensed Milk'. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. v. 33 no. 2 (31 January 1914): 59-60; William Alexander Osborne and Lilias Charlotte Jackson. 'Counter Diffusion in Aqueous Solution'. Biochemical Journal. v. 8 no.3(June 1914): 246-249, etc.\n[2] 'Suit Costs \u00a348 in Russia: Luxury and Poverty'. Argus. 24 June 1937: 11.\n[3] 'A Contrast: Spain in January, European Tour'. Sydney Morning Herald. 26 August 1936: 7.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McRae, Valda May", "Entry ID": "AWE6077", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcrae-valda-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Chemist, Scientist", "Details": "Valda May McRae nee Heraud entered the University of Melbourne in 1953 with a scholarship that bonded her to the Victorian Education Department for three years after the completion of her BSc and BEd in 1956. She taught at McLeod and Numurkah High Schools before returning to the University of Melbourne in 1960, working part-time in the Department which was to occupy virtually all of her working life.\nShe took her PhD on some reactions of antimony pentafluoride and related compounds and spent 1966 to 1968 at the University of Leicester, one of the few universities where it was possible to continue her study of fluorine chemistry on a postdoctoral fellowship.\nBack in Australia she worked in the Science Faculty Office of the University of Melbourne, as Assistant to the Sub-Dean and as Sub-Dean herself. In 1974 she took a position in the Chemistry Department as principal tutor and was appointed lecturer in 1984 and senior lecturer in 1988. Her research was in analytical and radiochemistry. In 1995 she took the position of Executive Manager of the School of Chemistry, principally responsible for its academic administration, with considerable emphasis on the planning and organisation of timetables, tutorials and practical classes.\nWhen Valda McRae retired in 2000 she continued direct contact with students through examination supervision of people with special needs, but her main interest was recording the history of the Department of Chemistry and Melbourne University Chemical Society. Three publications resulted. She published the Lady Masson Lectures to 2001, which listed all the lectures and provided the text on CD-rom. Her exhaustive history of the Department from 1960 to 2000 began where Joan Radford's earlier history had finished. In the course of writing it she was in direct personal contact with virtually every living graduate, thoroughly enjoying renewing old links. From Chalk and Talk to PowerPoint provided an account of the first 1000 meetings of the Melbourne University Chemical Society.[1]\nValda McRae took a sustained and serious interest in the University of Melbourne at large. She was President of University House from 2000 to 2002 and donated the herb garden in its eastern garden in 2011. From 2008 to 2011 she was a representative of the Science Faculty on the Committee of Convocation. She was honoured as a Life Member of the Friends of the Baillieu Library in 2012. The first Valda McRae Memorial Lecture of the MUCS was delivered by Emeritus Professor Don Cameron in April 2014, entitled 'What Possible Use Can Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Have for Chemistry?'\n[1] Joan Radford. The Chemistry Department of the University of Melbourne: its contribution to Australian science, 1854-1959. Melbourne: Hawthorn Press, 1978; Valda M. McRae. The Lady Masson Lectures, 1949-2001. Melbourne: School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, 2003 (pamphlet and CD-rom): Chemistry @ Melbourne 1960-2000. Melbourne: School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, 2007; From Chalk and Talk to PowerPoint. Melbourne: University of Melbourne, School of Chemistry, 2013.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Merz, Blanche Isobel", "Entry ID": "AWE6078", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merz-blanche-isobel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Scientist, Teacher", "Details": "Blanche Isobel Merz nee Chidzey took her BSc from the University of Melbourne in 1941. Born in Northcote, she came to the University from University High School where she had won an Honours certificate in her final year and was awarded a 1938 non-resident Exhibition worth \u00a310 from Queen's College. In deference to her father's wishes she did not take up the place she was offered by the Faculty of Medicine, studying Science instead, with a view to a career in teaching. Armed with majors in Physics and Pure Mathematics as well as her Diploma of Education, she travelled to Glasgow as an exchange teacher in 1948. She was followed to Britain by Kurt Merz whom she had known in Melbourne and they were married in the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral by Hewlett Johnson, the 'Red Dean' in 1950.\nBoth Blanche Merz and her husband were active politically. Kurt Merz, born in 1921, was a refugee from Austria who had arrived in Australia in 1939 and was a member of the Melbourne University Labor Club. He completed his degree despite being classified as an enemy alien and wrote a number of pamphlets on religion and revolution and the place of the individual in Soviet Russia. He died in 1993.[1]\nOn their return to Melbourne, Blanche Merz taught at Mt Scopus, MacRobertson Girls' High School and St Catherine's School before joining the staff of the University's Faculty of Architecture and Building. In 1959, she gave a paper to the Mathematical Association of Victoria which was published in Master Classes in Mathematics, on the history of mathematical notation from the ancient to the relatively modern notations of the last three or four centuries.[2]\nAlthough she was initially appointed to contribute to the development of courses in mathematics and environmental science under the direction of Professor Brian Lewis and Elizabeth and Alan Coldicutt, Blanche Merz is best known for her work from the 1970s onwards in the physics of light and colour. She joined the Illuminating Engineering Society of Australia in 1968 and was elected its first female Fellow in 1987. She delivered several papers on the subject of colour at its meetings, the last in 2003.\n[1] See Pamphlets held in the Communist Party of Australia and McLaren Collections in Special Collections. http:\/\/library.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0003\/1687503\/CPA-Pamphlets.pdf\n[2] W.M. Stephens (Ed.) Master Classes in Mathematic. Melbourne: Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2006\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nicholls, Yvonne Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE6079", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholls-yvonne-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melburne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Administrative officer, Author, Civil Libertarian, Public speaker, Teacher", "Details": "Yvonne Isabel Nicholls nee Miles took her BA from the University of Melbourne in 1936 and her MA from the University of Sydney in 1972 with a thesis entitled Thai Kenaf: a case-study of a new cash crop in a developing country of Southeast Asia. Her interest in Thailand was sustained by a ten-year residency, during a life of travel, following her marriage in 1940 to Frank Nicholls (1916-2013) who had a long career in scientific administration in Australia and overseas.[1] The couple spent the war in England, where she headed the unit in Australia House charged with photographing and sending secret documents to Australia.\nOn her return to Australia, Yvonne Nicholls took up an appointment in Economic Geography at the University of Melbourne, occupying various positions between 1948 and 1960, after which, in Thailand, she became principal of a former PEN English-language school, securing government patronage and overseeing its expansion to cover from kindergarten to Cambridge GCE level. In Geneva during the 1970s she published on environmental law.[2]\nAn interest in ants led to her discovering a new species during a trip to the Otway Ranges. It was named Monomorian yvonnii by the CSIRO entomologist John Clark. Her 1952 pamphlet Not Slaves, Not Citizens was used during the Yes campaign for the 1967 referendum that gave the Commonwealth the power to make laws specifically to benefit Aboriginal people.[3]\nIn Australia after 1977 she taught at several schools and the Council for Adult Education. Yvonne Nicholls was a frequent speaker in person, on radio and television. Her range of topics was prodigious, inspired by life in many countries. Her lecture 'The Fascinating History of Sex' was both popular and memorable. She told an interviewer:\nIn sacred sex, for example, I describe rituals such as group sex in the fields, which was a fertility rite practised by the Incas in South America. When I talk about sensual sex I cite cultures such as ancient Rome where wives were the faithful watchdogs and married men sought beauty and sexual stimulation in their mistresses. Sinful sex, especially in the Judeo-Christian tradition, comes from the view of Eve as temptress.[4]\nWhen Bert Newton interviewed her on television he ensured that the legs of the grand piano were shrouded to avoid upsetting the audience.\n[1] Suzy Chandler. 'Scientist and Movie Buff Who Helped Develop Radar and Played Leading Role in Establishing Film Festival'. Age (12 February 2013). http:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/comment\/obituaries\/scientist-and-movie-buff-who-helped-develop-radar-and-played-leading-role-in-establishing-film-festival-20130211-2e8xh.html\n[2] Yvonne I. Nicholls. Source Book: emergence of proposals for recompensing developing countries for maintaining environmental quality (IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper no. 5) Morges, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1973.\n[3] Yvonne Nicholls. Not Slaves, Not Citizens: condition of the Australian Aborigines in the Northern Territory. Melbourne: Australian Council for Civil Liberties, 1952.\n[4] Mary Ryllis Clark. 'It's the Little Things in Life'. Age: 15 April 2004. http:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/articles\/2004\/04\/14\/1081838772488.html\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Phillips, Linda", "Entry ID": "AWE6081", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phillips-linda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Composer, Journalist, Music critic, Musician", "Details": "Rosalind Philippa Phillips was, for much of her long life, better-known as a music critic than for her own compositions and performance as a pianist. Her talent, however, had been noticed early, with a comment, which would not be published today, in the Graphic of Australia that:\nLinda Phillips, who was honoured at the recent Conservatorium concert by having a number of her own song compositions sung, is only in her 'teens, and is really a musical genius. At the age of three she was able to sit up to a piano and play correctly without music, and at the present time, rarely, if ever, uses a score. She is dark, petite, nervy, and is a member of the Jewish persuasion - always lovers of music.[1]\nLinda Phillips attended the Melbourne Conservatorium at the University of Melbourne and the Albert Street Conservatorium, where she was able to concentrate on composition rather than performance. She quickly became known for the songs in which she set her own lyrics to music, also enjoying a career as a pianist, especially on the ABC.\nAfter the death of her husband (Adolph) Maurice Kauffmann in 1945 Linda Phillips began her journalist's career with the Melbourne Sun, where she was to work until 1976 and for the Australian Musical News. She was an adjudicator of the Sun Aria Contest, published poetry and contributed to scholarly journals.[2] In Meanjin Papers she made an eloquent plea for the publication of a broad range of Australian composition:\nAustralia must have her devotees of Beethoven and Chopin, of Romberg, of Irving Berlin - even of boogie woogie, and the sentimental ballads that 'touch all hearts.' The last two are among the best commercial speculations; but is there no place for 'middle-brow' music which, is pleasant to hear, not too difficult to play or sing, and not too abstruse to understand? Such music should receive encouragement, along with the greater works which Australians are writing, and will not be discouraged from undertaking.[3]\nHer compositions fell out of favour as Australian music became more modernist while hers remained untouched by the changing fashion. Those influenced by her study of Jewish and Middle Eastern melodies remain the most popular. She was awarded an OBE in 1975 and named Composer of Honour by Monash University in 1994.\n[1] 'Girls' Gossip'. Graphic of Australia . 5 October 1917: 27.\n[2] Linda Phillips. From a City Garden. Melbourne: Endacott, 1922.\n[3] Linda Phillips. 'Creative Music in Australia'. Meanjin Papers. v.5 no. 4(Summer 1946):312-315.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Traill, Elsie Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE6088", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/traill-elsie-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Details": "Elsie Margaret Traill has been somewhat overshadowed in the historical record by her youngest sister, the artist Jessie Constance Traill, but she was a highly significant figure in the history of the University of Melbourne. Her \u00a35,000 donation to Janet Clarke Hall led to the naming of the Traill Wing in her honour and she herself carved both the entrance plaque to the new wing and the wall plaque that hangs which hangs in the Janet Clarke Hall Verdon Library.[1]\nElsie Traill was the second daughter of George Hamilton Traill. Two others, Kathleen and Mina, joined the Anglican Community of the Holy Name and Jessie, as well as serving as a VAD in France during the First World War, made a considerable name as a painter and etcher.[2] Their father had been manager of the Oriental Bank situated on the corner of Queen Street and Flinders Lane and demolished after the bank went out of business in 1884. Their mother was an Army Captain's daughter.[3]\nElsie Traill's career was distinguished by her philanthropy and by the time she gave to serving the organisations she supported. These included the Lyceum Club, as one of the founders and acting honorary secretary of its planning group and a member of its first committee, the Victoria League, Diocesan Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind and most especially the Australian Red Cross. The Australian Branch of the Red Cross was set up only nine days after the declaration of war, and Elsie Traill, following her sister's enlistment in the Voluntary Aid Detachment, established the first Red Cross Shop, in suburban Sandringham. Edwards notes that the shop, which later moved to Regent Place in the City, not only assisted servicemen by providing an outlet for their handcrafts, but also provided one for women to sell theirs.[4]\nElsie Traill was assiduous in her services both to Janet Clarke Hall, where she lived from 1895 until she took her BA in 1898, and to Trinity College, from which the women's college had sprung. She played an active part in establishing the Janet Clarke Hall Committee, which she chaired for some years, and served on the Trinity College Council. She was also the first woman appointed as Honorary Secretary of the Associates of the Royal Melbourne Golf Club.\n[1] Sarah Edwards and Lisa Sullivan. The Art Collection of Janet Clarke Hall University Gallery, University Museum of Art August 7 to September 26 1997. Melbourne: Janet Clarke Hall, University of Melbourne, 1997. p. 15-18.\n[2] Mary Alice Lee. 'Traill, Jessie Constance Alicia (1881-1967)'. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1990.\n[3] 'Mr Traill's Death'. Australian Town and Country Journal. 17 April 1907: 43.\n[4] Edwards and Sullivan op. cit.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lowe, Irene Myrtle", "Entry ID": "AWE6091", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lowe-irene-myrtle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cassilis, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Agriculturalist", "Summary": "Irene Myrtle Lowe was the first woman to graduate from the Bachelor of Agricultural Science at the University of Melbourne in 1918, and the first female student to attend the Dookie Agricultural College.\nFollowing her graduation, Irene worked at the Bacteriology School and then at Burnley. After the birth of her three children, Irene never worked again.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fincher, Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE6098", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fincher-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Boort, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Geographer, Professor", "Summary": "Ruth Fincher is a distinguished geographer who has worked in Canada, the United States of America and Australia. As a feminist, she was a member of the Committee for Gender Studies at the University of Melbourne from 1986. In 2002 she was elected Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and created Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2014.\n", "Details": "Ruth Fincher was born on 27 March 1951 in Boort, Victoria, the older of two sisters. Named Beatrice Ruth she has always been known by her second name. Her parents, Beatrice Margaret and Roy Fincher, whose families were located in rural Victoria, were secondary school teachers, who held Bachelor of Arts degrees from the University of Melbourne. During Ruth's childhood the family moved around Victoria as her father took up ever more senior positions in state secondary schools, while her mother found teaching positions in the same locations; her mother later became a senior lecturer in Librarianship at Melbourne State College. Ruth attended primary schools in Terang, Coleraine, Moonee Ponds and Mildura, and then the secondary schools, Mildura High School and University High School. In 1969 she started a BA degree at the University of Melbourne, majoring in Geography and History and graduating in 1972 with a BA Honours degree in Geography. During the last two of her undergraduate years at the University of Melbourne she lived at Janet Clarke Hall, then a residential college for women.\nIn her honours year in 1972 a member of the academic staff in the Geography Department encouraged Ruth to apply to undertake postgraduate study in North America, supported as was possible by a teaching assistant to tutor while pursuing a postgraduate degree. After a year working in the Commonwealth Public Service in Canberra, for which she had been selected into the Administrative Trainee Scheme run by the Commonwealth's Public Service Board, she moved in 1974 to McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where she undertook an MA in Geography. During her Arts degree at Melbourne, much of the geography Ruth had studied was physical geography. But once in Canada, she shifted her focus within the discipline of geography to human geography, the social scientific side of this broad field that looks at relationships between people and their environments, and began her research in urban and social geography and its connections to urban planning which she has been studying ever since.\nIn mid 1975, after completing her MA, she commenced a PhD in Geography at Boston University, Boston Massachusetts, that she completed at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts. Her PhD dissertation examined the role of local institutions in shaping urban renewal in Boston. The network of critical geographers, especially feminist geographers, in which she was embedded in those days of PhD study at Clark University, remained with her for the rest of her career and their perspectives influenced her research and teaching practice. Her first academic job ( a tenure-track position), was in the Department of Geography at McGill University in Montreal as an Assistant Professor, where she worked for two years. This was followed by a four year period in which she worked as an Assistant Professor (tenured) in the Department of Geography at McMaster University.\nRuth moved back to Melbourne in late 1985, where her husband the economic geographer Michael Webber, took up the position of Professor and Chair of the Department of Geography at the University of Melbourne. Starting as a Research Fellow in Urban Planning at Melbourne in 1986, Ruth Fincher became a Lecturer and later Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geography. In the 1980s she gave birth to three children: Kate (1983, died 1984), Sophie (1985) and Tom (1988). Ruth worked at the University of Melbourne for 30 years from 1986 to 2015, apart from a brief period in the 1990s when she was seconded to the Commonwealth Government's Bureau of Immigration Research. She took up a variety of roles that her research and teaching interests equipped her for in both the Geography Department and the Urban Planning program of the Architecture, Building and Planning Faculty. In her last 13 years at the University, she held numerous leadership roles, including Dean of the Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning, President of the University's Academic Board and Pro Vice Chancellor, Chair of the Council of Janet Clarke Hall, and Head of the School of Geography. Her scholarship about the development of social difference and locational disadvantage in the city, and her explorations into the ways that urban policy might be more just, continued throughout this time.\nSupport for the discipline of geography has been an important focus of Ruth's career. Following early work to assist in the establishment of specialty groups on gender and geography within the Canadian Association of Geographers and the Institute of Australian Geographers, she undertook numerous leadership roles. She has served as President of the Institute of Australian Geographers; Chair of the Gender and Geography Commission of the International Geographical Union; Vice President of the International Geographical Union; and as a board member for international geography on the International Social Science Council. In 2002 she was elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia and created Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2014.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rosenthal, Doreen Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE6100", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rosenthal-doreen-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Professor, Psychologist", "Summary": "Doreen Rosenthal is a national and international leader in research on adolescent development. This led to innovative and sustained research on adolescent sexuality and sexual health at a time when the HIV\/AIDS epidemic had become a significant problem for public health. She served as a member of the Committee for Gender Studies at the University of Melbourne from 1986. She was made an Officer of the Order of Australia , is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and is on the Victorian Honour Roll of Women. Doreen is an Honorary Life Member, Victorian AIDS Council.\n", "Details": "Doreen Rosenthal was born in Melbourne in 1938 into a family of European origin. Her grandparents, all born in Russia, immigrated to Australia in the mid 1920s, with their children. Her mother, Judith, once married, maintained a traditional role of homemaker and her father was a manufacturer then retailer of women's clothing. One of three daughters, Doreen attended Elwood Central School where she was School Captain and House Captain in her final year. From 1952-55, she attended MacRobertson Girls' High School, then as now a selective girls only high school. She matriculated in 1955 having been Prefect and House Captain in her final year. After withdrawing from Pharmacy College, she worked as a receptionist until her marriage in 1958 to Jon David Rosenthal. Her three children, Mark, Simon and Joanna, were born before she commenced a Diploma of Social Studies at the University of Melbourne. After one year, her interest in psychology led her to switch to an Honours Degree in that subject. She graduated in 1972 with a First Class Honours Degree, winning the Dwight Prizes for First Place in Arts ( Psychology).\nFollowing completion of her PhD in 1975, she began as a lecturer at Melbourne State College. In 1980 she returned as an academic to the Psychology Department at Melbourne University where she became a Reader in Psychology. During this time she was a member of the newly formed Committee for Gender Studies, a group of women academics from may disciplines that supported and encouraged equal opportunity policies and practices within the university. Doreen was also founding President of the Association of Women on Campus at the University of Melbourne, formed to provide women with a formal voice within the institution. She became Founding Professor and Director of a new VicHealth funded Centre for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, now the Australian research Centre in Sex, Health and Society ( ARCSHS). The Centre became pre-eminent in multidisciplinary social research, focusing on HIV prevention and education, with significant funding from the Federal Health Department. During her time there, she encouraged the inclusion of gender issues in Centre research and its dissemination. After several years as Associate Dean ( Research), in the Faculty of Health Sciences at La Trobe University, Doreen took a five-year post as Professor of Women's Health at the University of Melbourne as Director of the Key Centre for Women's health in Society that had become part of the new School of Population Health. In both Centres a key focus was on ensuring that research outcomes were included in policy and practice agendas wherever possible.\nIn 2008, following her retirement, Doreen was made Professor Emerita in the School of Population Health. Since retiring she has co-written four books, three of these focusing on women's roles in later life - as grandmothers ( New Age Nanas: Being a Grandmother in the 21st Century: Grandparenting: Contemporary Perspectives), and as retirees ( Women in Retirement: Challenges of a new Life Stage).\nDoreen has been a member of key national and state advisory committees that provide policy advice to relevant ministers. She was a Deputy Chairperson of the Australian National Council on AIDS, Chairperson of the Council's Education and Prevention Sub-Committee and a member of the Australian Health Ethics Committee. In Victoria she was a member of the Victorian Ministerial Advisory Committee on AIDS and Deputy Chairman of its Education Working Group. In these roles she played an active part in helping to shape Australia's HIV\/AIDS policies, in particular, those policies focussed on prevention education.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Feith, Betty", "Entry ID": "AWE6101", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feith-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Volunteer", "Summary": "Betty Feith was a teacher and volunteer whose work inside and outside the classroom reflected her ideals of a peaceful, just and inclusive society, and her abiding Christian faith. Betty was a co-founder of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme for Indonesia, a programme established in the early 1950s that pioneered the concept of international volunteering as it is understood today. Betty herself worked in Indonesia in a volunteer capacity during the mid-1950s and again in the 1990s, both times with her husband, political scientist Herb Feith. Betty taught at schools and tertiary institutions in Melbourne and Indonesia, and the Asian Studies and Indonesian history courses she taught in Melbourne during the 1960s and 1970s were among the first of their kind in Victoria. Betty had a lifetime involvement in church and other service, including for the Christian World Service (renamed Act for Peace), the Division of Social Justice (Victoria) in the Uniting Church of Australia, and other ecumenical organisations.\n", "Details": "Betty was the eldest of four children born to George Maynard Evans and Ina Evans (n\u00e9e Shotten). The Evans family was closely involved in the Methodist church and Betty attended Methodist Ladies' College, Kew from 1944 to 1947.\nGrowing up, Betty's involvement in church and community circles included Youth Club activities, Sunday School teaching and participation in the United Nations Club. Later, she was active in the Victorian International Refugee Emergency Council, helping to provide assistance to European refugees newly arrived in Australia, and she helped to establish the Victorian Committee for Interchurch Aid and Service to Refugees. As a student at the University of Melbourne, Betty was a campaign organiser for World Student Relief. At that time, and also in later years, Betty was closely involved in the Australian Student Christian Movement (ASCM). In 1952 she was selected to represent the Methodist Youth Fellowship of Victoria at the World Council of Churches Youth Congress in Travancore, India.\nIn 1947, Betty met Herb Feith, whose Jewish Austrian parents had sought asylum from Nazism in Australia in 1939. Together, Betty and Herb undertook war relief activities, collecting door-to-door in Melbourne suburbs on behalf of Germans and other Europeans who were struggling with post-war shortages and hardships.\nBetty graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1951 with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in history and English, and a Diploma of Education. As a newly qualified teacher, Betty taught at Swinburne Junior Girls' Technical College, and Box Hill Girls' Technical School.\nIn 1950 Betty and Herb, together with a group of other University of Melbourne students and ASCM members, including John Bayly, Alan Hunt and Vern Bailey, set in motion a pioneering initiative in international aid focused on Indonesia. The main idea behind the programme - that Australian graduates would not only make available their technical expertise in response to the shortage of skilled graduates in the new Republic, but also take part in Indonesian society as a whole, living and working alongside their Indonesian colleagues - had first arisen during discussions at a World University Service Assembly that year. Betty was secretary of the initial planning committee of what would become known as the Volunteer Graduate Scheme for Indonesia (VGS). The Volunteer Graduate Scheme was the first incarnation of AVI (Australian Volunteers International), which has programmes in communities across Asia, the Pacific and the world.\nThe founders of the VGS envisaged the initiative as an expression of unity and understanding across cultures, that would promote genuine understanding of and solidarity with Indonesia. Salary equality was a central aspect of the Scheme. Volunteer graduates worked on the same pay scales and conditions as similarly qualified Indonesians - a departure from the usual custom among expatriates working in Indonesia at that time. The VGS was officially recognised by both the Australian and Indonesian governments in 1954.\nIn January 1953, while travelling home from India, Betty visited Herb in Jakarta, where he was then employed in the Ministry of Information. They became engaged, and were married on 29 December 1953 at the South Camberwell Methodist Church, Melbourne.\nFrom July 1954 to August 1956, Betty and Herb lived and worked in Jakarta, under the auspices of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme. Betty was employed in the English Language Inspectorate in the Ministry of Education, Instruction and Culture.\nIn late 1957, Betty and Herb arrived at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where Herb completed his doctorate on the decline of Indonesian constitutional democracy. The first draft of Herb's thesis was typed by Betty - an example of the close supportive role she played in Herb's work. The Feiths formed part of a circle of friends and colleagues who were from Indonesia or working in the field of Indonesian Studies at Cornell at that time, among whom was Indonesian teacher and academic, Kurnianingrat Ali Sastroamijoyo, and Australian scholar and public servant, David Penny, and his wife Janet Penny.\nThe Feiths returned to Australia at the end of 1960, living for a year in Canberra before re-settling in Melbourne with their son David and their daughter Annie. Another son, Robert, was born in 1963. After returning to Australia, Betty and Herb remained closely involved with Indonesia and with promoting understanding among Australians of their nearest northern neighbour. The family lived in Jakarta for a year in 1967, during which time Betty worked for the Indonesian Council of Churches.\nFrom 1968, Betty taught English and Asian studies at various secondary schools in Melbourne, including Strathcona Baptist Girls Grammar School. From the 1970s she taught Indonesian history and Asian studies at tertiary level, chiefly at Burwood Teachers' College and Toorak Teachers' College (both of which later became part of Deakin University). From the late 1970s Betty co-led several study tours to Indonesia in her capacity as a lecturer at the Burwood and Toorak Teachers' Colleges.\nIn 1984, Betty completed a Master of Educational Studies at Monash University. For her Masters thesis, Betty wrote a history of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme, in which she documented the ethos of the Scheme as an 'episode in education for international understanding', underpinned by a belief in racial equality and a spirit of identification with the Indonesian Republic. This history was published in 2017 in a book entitled Bridges of Friendship.\nIn addition to her community involvement with refugees, Betty's church service focused on issues to do with peace and human rights. In 1994, she and Herb co-led an international relations workshop with the Karen Burmese leaders in Manerplaw on the Thai-Burma border. Manerplaw was at that time the headquarters of the Democratic Alliance of Burma (now Myanmar), which formed in the wake of the military regime coming into power in 1988.\nFor four years from 1996, Betty and Herb lived and worked in Yogyakarta, this time through the Overseas Service Bureau's Australian Volunteers Abroad programme - the successor of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme. Betty, who had gained a qualification at Deakin University in teaching English as a second language, taught English at the University of Atma Jaya. Herb died in Melbourne on 15 November 2001.\nBetty described women in the Uniting Church as 'householders (as it were) in the tents and caravans of faith and in life, as in mutuality we pilgrim together in life's journey' (Women in Ministry, 46). This expression of common purpose, and of ideals married to actions, reflect convictions central to Betty's life and work as a whole.\n", "Events": "Actively involved in the Methodist Church throughout her life. (1899 - ) \nBetty Feith was actively involved in the ACSM during the 1940s-1950s and in later years (1940 - 1950) \nBetty lived and worked in Indonesia under Australian Volunteers Abroad program (1996 - 1999) \nBetty lived and worked in Indonesia under Volunteer Graduate Scheme (1954 - 1956) \nVictorian Area Council of the Australian Student Christian Movement (1979 - 1979) \nVolunteer Graduate Scheme (1899 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-feith-1931-2022\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-betty-feith-transfer-pending-addition-to-papers-of-herbert-feith-1946-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-from-herbert-and-betty-feith-to-anton-lucas-1971-2001-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ailsa-thomson-zainuddin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zainuddin, Ailsa", "Entry ID": "AWE6102", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zainuddin-ailsa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Box Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Historian, Writer", "Summary": "Ailsa Thomson Zainuddin was a writer and academic who taught at the Faculty of Education at Monash University, specialising in the history of education. Her undergraduate courses at Monash on the history of education in Southeast Asia and the history of education for girls and women, were among the first of their kind in Australia. Her published writing in these fields includes the text-book, A Short History of Indonesia. Ailsa maintained a close and enduring association with Indonesia, the country where her husband Zainu'ddin [Din] bin Sulaiman was born and raised, and where she herself lived and worked during the 1950s. Ailsa was awarded a PhD for They Dreamt Of A School, the centenary history of Methodist Ladies' College, Kew; the school she herself attended.\n", "Details": "Ailsa was born to Boyd and Thelma Thomson on 8 April 1927 at Fairbank Private Hospital in Box Hill. Both Boyd and Thelma were teachers and the Thomson family was Methodist. Ailsa attended Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Kew from 1933 to 1944.\nAilsa graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in history and english from the University of Melbourne in 1947. After graduating, Ailsa was a tutor in the history department, having been invited by Professor Max Crawford to join the teaching staff as part of the Postwar Reconstruction Training Scheme. During this time, Ailsa was active in the Australian Student Christian Movement.\nIn 1953, Ailsa graduated from Melbourne University with a Masters on The Bulletin and Australian nationalism, supervised by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Manning Clark. Ailsa was research assistant to Manning Clark at Canberra University College from 1952 to 1954.\nAt Havelock House in Canberra, Ailsa met Indonesian diplomat and former freedom fighter, Zainu'ddin [Din] bin Sulaiman. Ailsa and Zainu'ddin's friendship was decisively platonic at first: both of them felt that romantic involvement was out of the question on account of the religious difference between them, and, in Zainu'ddin's case, for reasons to do with his career as a diplomat. However, the two friends fell in love, and decided to marry. Zainu'ddin was adamant that before Ailsa made any final commitment, she must first experience for herself life in Indonesia, where the couple planned to live. Ailsa - her mind already more or less made up - departed for Jakarta in 1954, in a move she envisaged at the time as a permanent one. Ailsa and Zainu'ddin married in Jakarta on 10 December 1954.\nFor eighteen months from August 1954, Ailsa worked in Jakarta at the English Language Inspectorate, part of the Ministry of Education. The Inspectorate was set up to establish English as Indonesia's first foreign language, and Ailsa's role included contributing to syllabus and assessment development, and delivering lectures on English literature to Indonesian teachers of English. Ailsa's employment for the Indonesian Government was undertaken through the newly established Volunteer Graduate Scheme for Indonesia.\nIn March 1956, the Zainu'ddins left Jakarta and returned to Australia, where Din had been appointed to teach Bahasa Indonesia at the University of Melbourne. Din's was the first appointment made in the teaching of Indonesian at that university. Upon entering Australia, the couple were obliged to apply for exemption under the Immigration Restriction Act for their infant daughter, Nila. A second daughter, Lisa, was born two years later.\nIn 1964, Ailsa graduated with a Bachelor of Education from the University of Melbourne.\nIn 1965, Ailsa joined the Faculty of Education at the newly established Monash University. As the Faculty's first appointment in the history of education, Ailsa developed and taught undergraduate courses in the history of education in Southeast Asia, with special emphasis on the Netherlands East Indies and Indonesia in the 19th and 20th centuries. In her courses on the history of educational thought and practice, Ailsa added to the Western thinkers included in the course, figures such as Rabindranath Tagore, Shinichi Suzuki, and also Raden Ajeng Kartini, an Indonesian national heroine celebrated for her advanced ideas about national independence as well as equality for girls and women. Additionally, from 1975, Ailsa pioneered a separate course on the history of education for women. This course had its origins in a suggestion made by Ailsa for a female counterpart to an 'Images of Man' course then offered in the history and philosophy of education.\nAilsa was the Education Faculty representative at the Centre for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS) at Monash University's Clayton campus. Among many other events at the Centre, Ailsa organised, and delivered a paper at, a CSEAS lecture series in 1979 commemorating the centenary of Kartini's birth. She also edited the publication that resulted from the lectures, entitled Kartini Centenary: Indonesian Women Then and Now.\nFrom 1976 to 1994, Ailsa and her friend and colleague Marjorie Theobald ran a monthly discussion group for those undertaking or interested in research into the history of education for girls. The aim of the History of Education for Girls Group (HEGG) was to provide a supportive environment for women, including those returning to study later in life.\nAilsa maintained an association with Methodist Ladies' College, Kew for over fifty years. She was awarded a PhD from Monash University in 1983 for her centenary history of MLC, entitled They Dreamt of a School.\nAilsa retired as a Senior Lecturer from the Education Faculty at Monash University in 1992.\nAs a writer, teacher and scholar, and also through her involvement in the Indonesian community in Melbourne, Ailsa influenced many people. This includes historian Janet McCalman, who has acknowledged the importance of Ailsa's centenary history of Methodist Ladies' College, Kew, for her own work, Journeyings: the biography of a middle-class generation 1920-1990.\nAilsa's love of history reflected the influence of her mother, Thelma, among other people. Thelma was a member of the 16 Club, a monthly reading group of women graduates of Melbourne University which ran for sixty years. In her published essay documenting the Club's history and members, Ailsa describes the Club as having been present in the background of her own childhood. This is one example of an autobiographical element which is present in Ailsa's writing as a whole.\nA prolific letter writer, Ailsa maintained correspondence with a wide circle of friends, including many former colleagues and students. Among her correspondents was Kurnianingrat Ali Sastroamijoyo, a teacher and academic who was widely involved in the field of English language teaching and training in post-independence Indonesia, and with whom Ailsa worked in Jakarta during the 1950s. Kurnianingrat's memoir, entitled 'Other Worlds in the Past', was published in 2017 in a work co-edited by Ailsa called Bridges of Friendship. Ailsa's correspondents also included Manning and Dymphna Clark. In 1957, Manning dedicated his book, Sources of Australian History, to Ailsa and Zainu'ddin. Additionally, the publication Ever, Manning: Selected Letters of Manning Clark 1938-1991, includes excerpts from Ailsa's correspondence with Manning Clark.\nAilsa stopped using the apostrophe in her surname in 2015.\n", "Events": "'Djembatan' - Quarterly newsletter of the Volunteer Graduate Association (1957 - 1963) \nAilsa lived and worked in Jakarta under the Volunteer Graduate Scheme for Indonesia (1954 - 1956) \nAustralian and New Zealand History of Education Society (ANZHES) (1899 - ) \nAustralian and New Zealand History of Education Society (ANZHES) (1985 - 1986) \nThe History Department of The University of Melbourne (1948 - 1951) \nThe Indonesian Studies Department at The University of Melbourne (1963 - 1963) \nThe Law School (British constitutional history) at The University of Melbourne (1961 - 1964)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zainuddin-ailsa-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/remembering-the-immigration-reform-group-witness-seminar\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-archives-of-zainuddin-ailsa-gwennyth-thomson-1927\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ailsa-thomson-zainuddin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ailsa-zainuddin-interviewed-by-david-walker-in-the-australia-asia-studies-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Williams, Caroline", "Entry ID": "AWE6103", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-caroline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rye, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Dromana, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Caroline Williams experienced a 'pioneering rural life' on the Mornington Peninsula around the turn of the nineteenth century.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diaries-1899-1900-1901-and-1904-incomplete-a-womans-perspective-of-rural-life-on-the-mornington-peninsula\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cannard, Mary Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE6104", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cannard-mary-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Allendale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Drouin, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Nurse, Staff nurse", "Summary": "Mary Ann Cannard was one of very few returned WW1 nurses granted a block of land to farm under the Soldier Settlement Scheme.\n", "Details": "Mary Ann Cannard was born on 18 January 1883 to William Cannard and Theresa (nee McCausland) in Allendale, 27km north of Ballarat, Victoria. Mary moved to Western Australia in 1912 and began three years of training to become a nurse at Fremantle Public Hospital in May 1914. On completion of her nursing training Mary enlisted with the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) in 1917.\nStaff Nurse Cannard served with the AANS in India from 1917 to 1919 and was posted to hospitals in Bombay, including the Victoria War Hospital and Gerard Freeman Thomas Hospital. During her service Staff Nurse Cannard was hospitalised twice, suffering from influenza and malaria. Staff Nurse Cannard embarked at Bombay on 13 April 1919 and was discharged from service on return to Australia.\nFollowing her First World War service, Mary returned to nursing at Nurse Gidding's private hospital in Mildura.\nIn August 1921 Mary was granted a Soldier Settlement block near Donald, Victoria. The small farming block was adjacent to one held by her brother Herbert Cannard, who had served with the 2nd Pioneer Battalion, AIF. Mary continued nursing and together with her brother managed the property.\nIn 1922 the Settlement Board investigated Mary on suspicion of \"dummying\". Dummying was the term given to cases where applicants for Soldier Settlement blocks mislead the Settlement Board. It was believed that Mary had applied for a Soldier Settlement block only so that her brother could farm it. This was found not to be the case and Mary was praised for \"working at her profession\u2026to earn nearly enough to pay a [labourer] to work the block instead of coming to the [Settlement] Board for help\". Mary surrendered her Soldier Settlement block in February 1927 on account of ill health.\nMary married Herber Mallalieu on 8 June 1922 at the Howard Street Methodist Church, North Melbourne. Herber was the eldest son of the Reverend Paul Mallalieu and served with the 23rd Battalion, AIF. Mary and Herber had a daughter, Joy, in 1925.\nFrom the 1930s Mary, Herber and Joy lived in Essendon. Herber struggled to secure ongoing employment for many years and all three suffered from bad health. Neither Herber nor Mary's health problems were recognised as being directly linked to their war service, which prevented them from being granted war pensions. Between 1934 and 1957 Mary made numerous applications to the Edith Cavell Trust Fund to help pay their numerous bills.\nThe Edith Cavell Trust Fund was established in 1915 by the Lady Mayoress, wife of Melbourne's Lord Mayor Hennessy, to provide monetary assistance to sick and incapacitated returned military nurses. It was named in honour of British nurse, Edith Cavell who was killed by a German firing squad after helping Allied troops escape German-occupied Belgium.\nHerber died 19 March 1961. Mary Ann Mallalieu (nee Cannard) died 12 November 1962 in Drouin, Victoria, aged 79.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/892-12-john-gustave-wilkinson-mary-ann-mallalien-mary-a-cannard-john-kennedy-watchem-witchipool-14-6-781-1-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cannard-mary-ann-service-number-staff-nurse-place-of-birth-allendale-vic-place-of-enlistment-fremantle-wa-next-of-kin-mother-cannard-theresa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/folders-of-applications-for-grants-alphabetical-series\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McRae, Doris Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6110", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcrae-doris-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pakenham, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress, Teacher, Unionist", "Events": "Flemington Girls School (1942 - 1949) \nUnion of Australian Women (1964 - 1966) \nVictorian Teachers' Union (VTU) (1941 - 1947)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Luly, Gwendolen", "Entry ID": "AWE6114", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/luly-gwendolen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Preston, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Gwen Luly attended the University Practising School (later became University High School) from 1911 to 1913.\nIn 1919 Gwen started her nursing career at the Alfred Hospital, where she undertook postgraduate studies and became the Senior Sister of Operating Systems. She graduated in 1922.\nIn 1929 Gwen set up St Clement's Private Hospital in Southey Street, St. Kilda. However, in 1939 Gwen cancelled the hospital's registration and spent the war years running the Altona Air Raid Precautions.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gwen-luly-1898-1988-volume-1-1898-1927\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gwen-luly-1898-1988-volume-2-1920s-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/autograph-book-1913-1914-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/album-of-views-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-evan-and-gwen-luly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/digital-photograph-gwendolen-luly-in-nurses-uniform-boy-on-verandah-of-the-alfred-hospital-prahran-1918-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/note-alternative-to-gas-mask-world-war-ii-18-apr-1942\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/digital-photograph-boy-girl-in-sailor-hats-front-verandah-preston-1902\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bage, Marie Charlotte", "Entry ID": "AWE6116", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-marie-charlotte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Marie Charlotte Bage was best known through her association with the National Council of Women of Victoria, of which she was an inaugural member and treasurer for more than 20 years. She was a member of the International Council of Women and in 1900 she joined the committee of the Convalescent Home for Women at Clayton, and the Parents' National Education Union. The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children also interested her from their beginnings. For many years she was a member of the City Newsboys' Society and of the Charity Organisation Society.\nIn 1909 she was the honorary treasurer of the Victoria League of Victoria, and was a member of the council. She was also a member of the Field Naturalists' Club, the Forest league, the Arts and Crafts Society, and the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. She was one of the first members of the Alexandra Club and a foundation member and one-time treasurer of the Lyceum Club.\nShe was the mother of Miss Freda Bage, principal of the Women's College, Brisbane University, and Miss Ethel Bage, who, after a distinguished career at the Melbourne University, took over the control of a motor garage in Kew on the death of her friend, Miss Alice Anderson. Mrs Bage's only son, Robert, was a member of the Mawson Antarctic Expedition in 1911. He served in the Royal Australian Engineers, and was killed at Gallipoli on May 7, 1915. Her husband, Edward, died in 1891.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Morgan, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE6123", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/morgan-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Archivist, Philatelist", "Summary": "Helen Morgan is a senior research fellow at the University of Melbourne's eScholarship Research Centre. A historian with archival and editing qualifications, she has worked as information architect and exhibition designer on the Australian Women's Archives Project since its inception in 2000, and is co-editor of the Australian Women's Register. Her MA thesis in art history was on the Australian artist Thea Proctor. She is a director and board member of Her Place Women's Museum Australia.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Perry, Grace Amelia", "Entry ID": "AWE6128", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perry-grace-amelia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Berrima, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Medical practitioner, Poet, Writer", "Summary": "Grace Amelia Perry studied medicine at the University of Sydney. She had a home-based medical practice at Five Dock and served as an honorary physician at the Renwick Hospital for Infants and as an honorary paediatrician at the Fairfield District and South Sydney Women's hospitals.\nAs a child, Grace had written poetry and three collections were published by Consolidated Press Ltd. She began writing poetry again in 1961 and the following year she joined the Poetry Society of Australia.\nGrace was editor of Poetry Magazine from 1962-1964. After being expelled from the poetry society in 1964, she established a new Magazine Poetry Australia, which she edited until her death.\nPerry won a medal at the New South Wales premier's literary awards in 1985 and was appointed AM the next year. After failing to receive funding for two projects and feeling abandoned by her supporter, Grace committed suicide at her Berrima home on 3 July 1987.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-grace-perry-1963-1972-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fahey, Diane Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6156", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fahey-diane-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Lecturer, Poet, Writer", "Summary": "Diane Fahey has published twelve collections of poetry, in addition to numerous anthologies published in both Australian and international publications.\n", "Details": "Diane holds Bachelor of Arts, a Diploma of Education (1972) and a Master's degree in English Literature (1975) from the University of Melbourne. After teaching at colleges in Melbourne in the late 1970s, Diane moved to England, where she lived and studied for several years in the early 1980s. From 1986 she lectured in literature at the University of South Australia, before returning to Victoria in the 1990s. In 2001 Diane completed a PhD in creative writing at the University of Western Sydney.\nDiane has received a number of literary grants from the Literature Board of the Australia Council. She has also undertaken writing residencies in Venice, New South Wales, Scotland and Ireland, and been the writer in residence at Ormond College, Melbourne, and the University of Adelaide.\nWith her poetry, Diane has won the ACT Government's Judith Write Prize, the Newcastle Poetry Prize and the Wesley Michel Wright Award. Her work has also been shortlisted for many other awards. Diane was the poetry of the journal Voices in 1997 and in 2007 published a historical crime novella, The Mystery of Rosa Mortland.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1986-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crean, Mary Victoria Isobella", "Entry ID": "AWE6158", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crean-mary-victoria-isobella\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Volunteer", "Summary": "As the wife of state and federal parliamentarian Frank Crean, Australian politics was a major part of Mary Crean's life.\nMary volunteered at kindergartens, helped organise annual collections for the Red Cross, the Salvation Army and Freedom from Hunger. At one stage she was the Victorian Commissioner of the Girl Guides, and was a keen patron of the arts through involvement with the National Gallery of Victoria. Mary was also a long-standing volunteer and patron of the Melbourne High School Library, where her children had attended school.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-crean-interviewed-by-daniel-connell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mary-crean-wife-of-deputy-prime-minister-frank-crean-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-cultural-centre-1961-meeting-minutes-manuscript-1961-and-1838-melbourne-advertiser-port-phillip-australia-monday-february-the19th-1838\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Phillips, Erin Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE6160", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phillips-erin-victoria\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Australian Rules Football Player, Basketball Player, Olympian, Sportswoman", "Summary": "Erin Phillips was awarded the Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) Best and Fairest medal at the W Awards in both 2017 and 2019.\n", "Details": "At the conclusion of the 2017 debut AFLW season Erin Phillips was awarded the AFL Women's Best & Fairest award, the AFL Players' Association Most Valuable Player (MVP) award and the Adelaide Crows Women's Club Champion Award, as well as an All-Australian selection. She was the co-captain of the premiership AFL women's team, the Adelaide Crows, in 2017 and received the awards for Best Player in the Grand Final and Goal of the Year.\nIn 2019, Erin again won the AFLW Best & Fairest award and the Grand Final Best on Ground award. She was also named the All-Australian captain for the first time.\nIn addition to her football achievements, Erin is also a two-time WNBA champion and Olympic basketballer.\nErin announced her retirement from professional a basketball in January 2018, after a 16-year career.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clarke, Marian Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE6162", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-marian-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Marian Margaret Clarke was a journalist and \"ABC weekly\" staff writer.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-clarke-1937-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Slater, Patricia Violet", "Entry ID": "AWE6163", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/slater-patricia-violet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Army Nurse, Nurse, Nurse educator", "Summary": "Patricia Slater began her nursing training at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, in 1937. She subsequently undertook additional training in adult nursing at the Alfred Hospital, followed by a midwifery certificate at the Royal Women's Hospital (1942) and an infant welfare certificate at the Karitane Home, Sydney (1947).\nPatricia served as a lieutenant in the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) from 1943 until 1947. She worked in hospitals in Victoria and Queensland and from 1945 to 46 she worked at the 2\/4th Australian General Hospital and 2\/1st Casualty Clearing Station on Morotai and Labuan islands, Netherlands East Indies.\nAfter the war Patricia worked and travelled, before returning to Melbourne to teach nursing at the Royal Melbourne Hospital.\nIn 1956 Patricia completed a diploma in nurse education from the Melbourne-based College of Nursing and in 1959 she was awarded a Centaur war nurses' memorial scholarship to study in Seattle, United States of America, at the University of Washington (B.Sc. Nursing, MA, 1961). While overseas, she also won a Rockefeller fellowship (1961) to visit university nursing schools in North America and Europe.\nPatricia became a fellow (1960) and a part-time lecturer (1963) at the College of Nursing in Melbourne, before taking over as director in 1965. In 1974 the college established Australia's first undergraduate nurse-education course. Patricia was instrumental in transforming nurse education from a hospital-based system to instead include undergraduate courses within tertiary institutions.\nWith the amalgamation of the College of Nursing and the Lincoln Institute of Health Sciences in 1977, Patricia became the inaugural head of the school of nursing; a position which she held from 1977 to 1983.\nPatricia was appointed OBE in 1975 and a fellow of the Australian College of Education in 1977.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/slater-violet-patricia-service-number-vx133052-date-of-birth-16-dec-1918-place-of-birth-st-kilda-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-slater-e\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McCutcheon, Rosalie", "Entry ID": "AWE6166", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mccutcheon-rosalie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Chewton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Leabrook, South Australia, Ausrralia", "Occupations": "Secretary", "Summary": "Rosalie McCutcheon was Head of the Junior School of the Frensham School in New South Wales from 1941 to 1947 and 1953 to 1955. She was also Australian Secretary for the World Students Relief (1949-1953) and the Resident Secretary of the Australian Student Christian Movement, Universities of Sydney and New South Wales (1958-1964).\nRosalie was the first Deputy Director of International House, University of Sydney, from 1966 to 1972. Affectionately known as Mrs Mac, she devoted herself to the well-being of all residents.\nThe International House at the University of Sydney awards the Rosalie McCutcheon Scholarship to assist a resident either with academic or professional development, or to attend a conference, seminar or workshop in their area of study or on international issues.\nThe Scholarship was set up after the International House Alumni Association (SUIHAA) received a bequest from her estate, which subsequently became the Rosalie McCutcheon Scholarship Fund.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-rosalie-mccutcheon-1911-1998-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-june-epstein-1935-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "White, Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6172", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Volunteer", "Details": "Elizabeth White was educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, before working as a school teacher. On 18 October 1930 she married Harold Leslie White, deputy-librarian of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library (later to become head of it and of the National Library of Australia).\nIn Canberra, in addition to close association with the National Library, Elizabeth pursued her interest in volunteering and being involved in many aspects of the local community. Of particular interest to her were remedial teaching and the introduction of creative day-carer programs. In her later years, her attention turned towards enhancing the quality of life of the elderly.\nElizabeth was a member of the National Council of Women (NCW) and a foundation member of the Goodwin Centre Development Association, which was established in July 1954. She was also a foundation member of the Australian Association of Gerontology and president (1964-65) of a sub-committee for a proposed new building for the NCW's Thursday Club (renamed in 1965 the Canberra Senior Citizens Club). For the next twenty years she undertook voluntary work with the elderly, at their homes and in hospitals. In 1983 the Canberra Senior Citizens Club awarded her life membership. In 1982 the Penguin Club of Australia recognised her with life membership for her exceptional talent as an impromptu public speaker.\nIn 1962 Lady Elizabeth White was appointed an MBE for her service to elderly people.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sir-harold-white-and-lady-elizabeth-white-1911-1992-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorial-service-of-june-25-1988-for-lady-elizabeth-white-sound-recording-recorded-by-kevin-bradley\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bilson, Gay", "Entry ID": "AWE6177", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bilson-gay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Chef, Restauranteur, Writer", "Summary": "Gay Bilson was the chef and co-owner of Berowra Waters Inn, a restaurant located on an estuary of the Hawkesbury River, New South Wales. After the Berowra Waters Inn closed on 26 March 1995, Gay opened the restaurant Bennelong, at the Sydney Opera House.\nGay's book Plenty: digressions on food was named 2005 Age Book of the Year.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-gay-bilson-circa-1970-1998-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gay-bilson-interviewed-by-heather-rusden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gay-bilson-portrait-sitter-file-gay-bilson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-kate-fitzpatrick-1947-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stevenson, Jean Lloyd", "Entry ID": "AWE6188", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stevenson-jean-lloyd\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Poet, Public servant, Stenographer, Typist", "Summary": "Jean Stevenson was a poet and friend of Dame Mary Gilmore. She received an honourable mention in an essay competition. 'Mary Gilmore: Dreamer and Doer', through the Henry Lawson Memorial and Literary Society in Melbourne, in 1939. She worked as a typist at the Australian Forestry School in Canberra, the Department of Defence in Melbourne and the Department of Air in Penrith, moving to Woodford in the Blue Mountains in 1955.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jean-l-stevenson-1932-1959-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-l-stevenson-further-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smyth, Bene Gibson", "Entry ID": "AWE6195", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smyth-bene-gibson\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Sandridge, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Composer", "Summary": "Bene Gibson Smyth was an Australian composer of songs for children.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-bene-gibson-smyth-1923-1946-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pizer, Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE6197", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pizer-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Poet, Psychotherapist, Publisher", "Summary": "Poet and publisher Marjorie Pizer founded the Pinchgut Press with her husband in 1947.\nMarjorie was also a psychotherapist for more than 50 years.\n", "Details": "Marjorie Pizer attended Merton Hall, a Church of England girls' grammar school in South Yarra, Victoria. She began writing poetry as a teenager, following her father's death.\nDespite her mother's protests, Marjorie attended Melbourne University and there she worked on the student newspaper Farrago and was appointed co-editor to work on MUM, the literary annual. Marjorie also became an activist, joining the Labor Club and the Communist Party. After leaving university, she joined the Department of War Organisation (where she met her husband Muir Holburn) for a time, before moving on to practice psychology.\nIn 1945 Marjorie and her husband moved to Sydney to work on their books and together they joined the Fellowship of Australian Writers. Sadly, Muir passed away at the age of 40, leaving Marjorie to care for two young children.\nMarjorie was prompted to once again write poetry after the death of her husband. Throughout her life, she edited, published and wrote 20 books of and about poetry and writing.\nIn addition, Marjorie volunteered for many years at Tranby College, Glebe, and the Leichhardt Women's Community Health Centre as a psychotherapist.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marjorie-pizer-ca-1940-1989-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marjorie-pizer-interviewed-by-claire-dunne-for-why-poetry-in-the-a-d-hope-ms-5836-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marjorie-pizer-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poems-manuscript-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fox, Mem", "Entry ID": "AWE6202", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fox-mem\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Author, Children's writer", "Summary": "Best-selling author Mem Fox has written over 40 children's books and five non-fiction adult books. Her first book, Possum Magic, was released in 1983 and is still in publication today.\nAs an Associate Professor, Mem taught literacy studies at Flinders University, South Australia, for 24 years. She has been the recipient of numerous honours and awards and has received three honorary doctorates.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interviews-with-barbara-hanrahan-mem-fox-colin-thiele-christobel-mattingley-and-max-fatchen-videorecording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mem-fox-1961-2006-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mem-fox-interviewed-by-rob-linn-for-the-mortlock-library-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mem-fox-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mem-fox-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mem-fox-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Olive, Win", "Entry ID": "AWE6205", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/olive-win\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Yaroomba, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Peace campaigner, Writer", "Summary": "Win Olive was heavily impacted by the events of the Second World War, particularly as most of her male friends were deployed overseas to fight. This experience motivated Win's later anti-war activities, as well as her defence of the environment, her concern for Indigenous people and their fight for justice, and her decision to embark on the journey of the Pacific Peacemaker.\nThe Pacific Peacemaker sailed around the Pacific in protest of nuclear weapons, specifically the launch of the Trident nuclear submarines in North America. Setting sail in December 1981, the journey took the yacht's eleven crew members nine months. The voyage was documented in the film The Land My Mother by David Roberts and Win also published a book about their journey, titled Voyage of the Pacific Peacemaker.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-win-olive-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/win-olive-interviewed-by-anne-edgeworth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tom-and-mary-wright-collection-deposit-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holmes, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE6206", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holmes-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Religious Leader, Welfare worker", "Details": "Margaret Holmes was born on 8 March 1886 in Prahran, Victoria, to parents Charles Morell Holmes and his wife Margaret. After attending Tintern Ladies' College, Margaret enrolled in studies at the University of Melbourne, where she completed a Bachelor of Arts (1909), a Masters (1911) and a Diploma of Education (1911). During her time at university, Margaret was an active member of the Australasian Student Christian Union (ASCU), becoming president of the women's branch in 1907.\nMargaret became the part-time general secretary of the ASCU (later the Australian Student Christian Movement) during World War I. From 1922 she was briefly a staff member of the Associated Teachers' Training Institute (later Mercer Hall) before returning once again to the ASCU. From 1924 until 1945 Margaret served as the ASCU's head-quarters secretary.\nDuring the 1930s Margaret was involved with the League of Nations in Melbourne, assisting with the organisation of the 1937 Australian Peace Conference. She was also on the executive committee of the World Student Christian Federation from 1928, and the organisations vice-chairman from 1933 to 1941.\nMargaret began a new career in refugee work during the Second World War. In 1938-39 she helped Ada Constance Duncan establish the Victorian International Refugee Emergency Committee and in 1940 she began to look after the interests of some of the refugees. From 1945 to 1949 Margaret was also secretary for World Student Relief.\nAfter retiring from the Australian Student Christian Movement, Margaret was appointed executive officer of a new resettlement department (later the Ecumenical Refugee Agency) of the Australian Council of Churches. She worked closely with immigration ministers, including Arthur Calwell, in pioneering Australia's postwar migration. For her work with refugees and post war migrants, Margaret was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in January 1958.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-holmes-circa-1920-circa-1989-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thomas, Bronwyn Jean Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE6207", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thomas-bronwyn-jean-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art gallery director, Art teacher, Artist, Curator", "Summary": "Bronwyn Thomas was an artist, art teacher and gallery director who had a particular interest in Chinese culture.\n", "Details": "Bronwyn initially undertook studies in architecture at Melbourne Technical College, however they were cut short due to the outbreak of World War II. Despite this setback, Bronwyn continued pursuing her love and talent for art by drawing part-time at the National Gallery Art School.\nEventually Bronwyn decided to focus on painting and after moving to Brisbane with her first husband Fergus Yeates, she began exhibiting her work. Bronwyn also worked as an art teacher at Queensland University and the teachers' training college, and she played a key role in establishing Queensland's Contemporary Art Society.\nIn 1966 Bronwyn married Laurie Thomas and together they moved to Sydney. From 1971 Bronwyn was director of the Bonython Gallery in Paddington, followed by director of the Australian Centre for photography from 1974 to 1977. Bronwyn was also appointed executive director of the Australian Art Exhibitions Corporation when it toured the exhibition of Colombian gold objects in 1978.\nBronwyn developed a special interest in Chinese culture, people and language. She first visited China in 1980 and upon her return to Australia she enrolled in a Chinese language course at the University of Sydney. Returning to Beijing in 1983, with a group from the Canberra College of Advanced Education, Bronwyn completed an intensive course in Chinese. Back in Beijing in 1989, she taught English and also helped with displays and the translation of exhibit labels at the Chinese Museum of History. Later Bronwyn helped many Chinese artists settle with their families in Australia.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-laurie-and-bronwyn-thomas-1937-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bronwyn-yeates-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-for-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-bronwyn-thomas-artist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bronwyn-yeates-australian-art-and-artists-file\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Niall, Brenda Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6217", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/niall-brenda-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Author, Biographer, Literary critic, Writer", "Summary": "Brenda Niall is a distinguished academic and biographer who has won many literary awards.\nIn 2001 Brenda was awarded the Centenary Medal for service to Australian society and the humanities in the study of Australian literature, and in 2004 she was named an Officer in the Order of Australia (AO) for service to Australian literature as an academic, biographer and literary critic.\n", "Details": "Brenda Niall was born in Melbourne in 1930 and was educated at Genezzano College, Kew. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne, followed by a Masters degree at the Australian National University (ANU). In 1964 she became a teaching fellow in the English Department at Monash University, and it was here she also gained her PhD. She became a Senior Lecturer in 1975 and a Reader in 1994.\nBrenda undertook visiting fellowships to both Michigan and Yale Universities. She was a visiting Research Fellow at the American Council of Learned Societies in 1975 and Visiting Scholar, Humanities Research Centre at the Australian National University, in 1983 and 1987.\nIn 1995 Brenda retired from her position as Reader in English Literature at Monash University and began writing full time. Brenda has won numerous literary awards, including the Nettie Palmer Award for non-fiction in the Victorian Premier's awards as well as the National Book Council (Banjo) Award in 1989. In 2016 her biography Mannix received the Australian Literature Society Gold Medal and the National Biography Prize. Brenda has also received a Centenary Medal (2001) and in 2004 she was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)\nIn addition to her own writing, Brenda also frequently writes reviews for the\u202fAge,\u202fSydney Morning Herald\u202fand\u202fAustralian Book Review. She is also a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-brenda-niall-1911-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-brenda-niall-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-brenda-niall-writer-and-editor-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1980-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Casey, Ethel Marian Sumner (Maie)", "Entry ID": "AWE6234", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/casey-ethel-marian-sumner-maie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "BerwickBerwick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Author, Aviator, Painter, Poet", "Details": "Ethel Marian Sumner (Maie) Ryan was born on 13 March 1891 in Brunswick, Victoria, to parents Charles Snodgrass Ryan and Alice Elfrida Sumner. She was privately educated by a governess, before being sent to board at St George's School in Ascot, England. Her formal education was completed at a finishing school in Paris and after attending the Westminster School of Art, London, she returned to Melbourne in 1910.\u202f\nIn England during World War One, Maie volunteered at Douglas Shield's Hospital for Wounded Officers and then with Vera Deakin's Australian Wounded and Missing Inquiry Bureau.\u202f After the war she acted as hostess for her brother Rupert in Germany.\nMaie returned to London in 1924 and after becoming reacquainted with Richard Gavin Gardiner (Baron) Casey, the pair married at St James's parish church, Westminster, on 24 June 1926. They had two children, the second of which was born in Melbourne in 1931. On 21 December that same year, Richard was elected member for Corio in the House of Representatives.\nIt was around this time that Maie began to paint and she occasionally attended classes at an art school in Melbourne. Then, after experiencing flying whilst in England in 1937 for the coronation of King George VI, Maie and Richard obtained their licenses, bought a yellow Perival Vega Gull and built an airstrip at 'Edrington' in Berwick.\nBetween 1940 and 1946 the Casey's lived in various countries overseas as Richard fulfilled his many appointments, including London, Cairo, Washington and Calcutta. Back in Melbourne from 1946, Maie began public speaking, in addition to her passions for art and flying. She also became a patron for young Australian artists, such as (Sir) Sidney Nolan.\u202f\nIn 1950 Maie was named inaugural patron of the Association of Women Pilots of Australia. In October 1953 she flew her Miles Messenger in Australia's first all-woman air race and the following year she became a member of the Ninety-Nines. Also in 1953, Early Melbourne Architecture, a book she had collaborated on with various other people, was published. From this time, Maie received increased recognition as a writer, publishing numerous texts and verses.\nIn 1965, with the appointment of Richard as governor-general, the Casey's moved into Government House. Maie set about converting the house into a salon for artists, musicians and writers.\nMaie was made a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1979 and was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) 'in recognition of service to the community, art and literature', in 1982.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-maie-casey-1831-1987-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maie-casey-interviewed-by-hazel-deberg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maie-casey-australian-and-new-zealand-art-files-maie-casey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maie-casey-australian-art-and-artists-file\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-ethel-marian-sumner-casey-widow-of-former-governor-general-lord-casey-artist-writer-aviatrix-publisher-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lady-maie-casey-manuscript-1959-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lord-and-lady-casey-n-d-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Spencer, Dora Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE6239", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spencer-dora-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Entomologist, Lecturer", "Details": "Dora Margaret Cumpston was born in Armadale, Victoria, in 1916 to parents John Howard Lidgett Cumpston and Gladys Maeva (Walpole). Margaret's family moved to Canberra when she was 12 years old and she was educated St Gabriel's and later Telopea Park Intermediate School.\nMargaret attended the Women's College at the University of Sydney and in 1939 she graduated with a Master of Science (MSc.) degree. Margaret was awarded a Linnean Macleay Fellowship in zoology for her MSc. She went on to lecture in zoology at New England University College from 1940 to 1945, followed by an appointment as a zoology tutor at the University of Sydney, while her husband completed his medicine degree. (Margaret had married Terence Edward Spencer in 1941).\nMargaret was appointed as entomologist instructor at the Malaria Control School at Minj, in the Western Highlands of New Guinea, in 1954. Together Margaret and her husband undertook an investigation of malaria in the highlands, followed by various other studies in surrounding areas over the following years. Margaret was also awarded a World Health Organisation research grant to study anopheline; a type of mosquito that carry malaria. Margaret had numerous articles published in a wide variety of journals including, The Journal of Medical Entomology, The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, The Australian Journal of Entomology, and The Papua New Guinea Medical Journal and The Australian Journal of Science. Margaret was also the author of a number of books.\nOn Australia Day 1997, Margaret was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) 'for service to community health through research in the area of malaria entomology and mosquito-borne diseases'. The following year she graduated with a PhD from the Tropical Health Program of the University of Queensland.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dora-margaret-spencer-1924-2003-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papua-new-guinea-papers-1951-1998-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-isobel-bennett-1946-1999-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-spencer-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kearney, Emma", "Entry ID": "AWE6248", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kearney-emma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hamilton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Australian Rules Football Player, Cricketer", "Summary": "Emma Kearney was awarded the 2018 Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) Best and Fairest medal at the W Awards. She was also awarded an AFLW All-Australian guernsey in both 2017 and 2018.\nIn addition, Emma won both the 2017 (alongside Ellie Blackburn) and 2018 Western Bulldogs AFLW best & fairest award. She was also the recipient of the 2018 Shadforth Financial Group AFL Coaches AFLW Champion Player of the Year, tying with Adelaide Crows co-captain Chelsea Randall on 42 votes.\n", "Details": "Emma Kearney grew up on a sheep farm in Cavendish, a small town in western Victoria. As a child she enjoyed many sports, including football, cricket, basketball and hockey, however she was forced to give up football at the age of 12 due to league rules prohibiting her from playing with the boys. She attended high school at Monivae College, Hamilton, and then completed a teaching degree in Ballarat. She currently works as a physical education teacher at Mount Alexander College in Flemington.\nEmma plays both football and cricket professionally. She is a midfielder for the Western Bulldogs women's AFL team and is signed to the Melbourne Stars for the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL).\nPrior to her work with the Melbourne Stars, Emma played for the Essendon-Maribyrnong Cricket Club and was chosen for the VicSpirit team in 2013-14.\nEmma was a member of the Western Bulldog's women's team when exhibition games started in 2013 and played a key role in the Western Bulldogs All Girls Auskick Centre. Previously, Emma played football for the Melbourne University's women's team.\nIt was announced in April 2018 that Emma had accepted a position with North Melbourne for their inaugural AFLW season.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Montag, Jemima", "Entry ID": "AWE6277", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/montag-jemima\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Jemima Montag won a gold medal in the 20km Race Walk at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Athletics - 20km Race Walk (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stevens, Dani", "Entry ID": "AWE6278", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stevens-dani\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fairfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Dani Stevens won a gold medal in Discus at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Athletics - Discus Throw (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Patterson, Lakeisha", "Entry ID": "AWE6288", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patterson-lakeisha\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wodonga, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Swimmer", "Summary": "Lakeisha Patterson won a gold medal in the S8 50m Freestyle at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Swimming - S9 100m Freestyle and S8 50m Freestyle (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tapper, Melissa", "Entry ID": "AWE6289", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tapper-melissa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hamilton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Table tennis player", "Summary": "Melissa Tapper won a gold medal in the TT6-10 Singles Table Tennis at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Table Tennis - TT6-10 Singles (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Krizanic, Carla", "Entry ID": "AWE6307", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/krizanic-carla\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Lawn Bowler", "Summary": "Carla Krizanic won gold medals in the Lawn Bowls Triples and Fours at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Lawn Bowls - Member of the Fours Team and Member of the Triples Team (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Philpot, Grace Winifred", "Entry ID": "AWE6322", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/philpot-grace-winifred\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collingwood, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Grace Winifred Barnett was born in 1902 in Collingwood, Victoria, to parents Emma Jane (Hunter) and John Barnett. Grace married solicitor Herbert Park Philpot in Manly in 1955. She was a member of the ANZAC Fellowship of Women.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-h-p-philpot-and-g-w-philpot-1912-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henderson, Leslie Moira", "Entry ID": "AWE6338", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henderson-leslie-moira\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Secretary", "Summary": "Leslie Moira Henderson was born in Melbourne to parents Lina and Charles James Henderson. She graduated with a degree in arts and law from Melbourne University in 1920 and subsequently spent some time overseas. Leslie joined the Book Lovers' Library (UK) in 1923 and in 1926 she became a partner and set out to reform the organisation.\nIn 1930 Leslie was appointed secretary to the Board of Social Studies, which eventually became affiliated with Melbourne University. During World War Two she worked in her brother's legal practice and then served in the Navy, War Organisation of Industry and Defence departments, from which she retired in 1956.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-leslie-m-henderson-circa-1880-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-biographical-notes-by-her-niece-leslie-m-henderson-1966-january-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1909-ca-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1945-1974-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nicholas, Hilda Rix", "Entry ID": "AWE6340", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholas-hilda-rix\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Delegate, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Summary": "Hilda Rix Nicholas made a significant contribution to Australian art in the period between the First and Second World Wars. Her art also achieved a high level of success and recognition in France.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hilda-rix-nicholas-1885-1971-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gething, Margaret Helen (Mardi)", "Entry ID": "AWE6347", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gething-margaret-helen-mardi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pilot", "Summary": "Mardi Gething was the only Australian among 80 female pilots who flew with the Air Transport Auxiliary in Britain during World War Two.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-papers-1911-1960-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gepp, Jessie Powell", "Entry ID": "AWE6349", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gepp-jessie-powell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Footscray, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community stalwart, Red Cross Worker", "Summary": "Lady Jessie Powell Gepp was a member of both the Executive and the House Committee of the Austin Hospital, Heidelberg. She was also actively involved in Red Cross work in America during the First World War.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-papers-1911-1960-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tallis, Amelia Hannah", "Entry ID": "AWE6351", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tallis-amelia-hannah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mornington, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Manager, Singer", "Summary": "Amelia Tallis was a singer, theatre manager and entertainer.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/material-relating-to-george-and-amelia-tallis-2007-2010-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Higgs, Florence", "Entry ID": "AWE6359", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/higgs-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art teacher, Artist", "Summary": "Florence Higgs trained as an art teacher at the Royal Melbourne Technical College and subsequently worked as an art teacher in Victoria.\nLater Florence moved to England where she studied lithography at the Central School of Art and Design in London. She was a member of the London Guild of Weavers and the Society of Designer-Craftsmen.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/works-and-exhibition-catalogues-of-florence-higgs-1972-1978-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-higgs-australian-art-and-artists-file\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wardle, Priscilla Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE6365", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wardle-priscilla-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Priscilla Wardle was a nurse in the Australian Army Nursing Service during the First World War.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1884-1920-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kirby-priscilla-isabel-nee-wardle-aans-year-of-death-1967-crematorium-springvale-vic\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shaw, Mary Turner (Mollie)", "Entry ID": "AWE6371", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shaw-mary-turner-mollie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Architect, Historian", "Summary": "Mollie Shaw was the first female architect employed by the Public Works Department of the Allied Service in 1941. She was one of the first female architects in Australia to be accepted as an equal in the male-dominated architectural profession.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-not-after-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Amy Neville", "Entry ID": "AWE6372", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-amy-neville\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Strathdownie, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Secretary", "Summary": "Amy Brown was the honorary secretary of the Victorian Aboriginal Group and was also involved in numerous local Christian and community groups including the Ladies Harbour Light Guild.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-amy-brown-and-valentine-leeper-ca-1920-ca-1969-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Caelli, Dorothy Joan Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE6374", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caelli-dorothy-joan-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Safety Beach, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "In 1983 Joan Caelli was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia in 1983 'in recognition of service to the sport of gymnastics'. Joan was a gymnastics judge at the Rome and Tokyo Olympics and was also awarded a life membership of Gymnastics Victoria.\nShe was the 1954, Miss Northcote candidate for Miss Teen-age of Victoria.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1854-2008-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Caelli, Lillian (Lee) Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6375", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caelli-lillian-lee-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Northcote, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Gymnast", "Summary": "Lillian (Lee) Caelli was awarded a Member of the Order of Australia on Australia Day, 1976. She was also awarded a life membership of Gymnastics Victoria.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1854-2008-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bull, Norma Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE6376", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bull-norma-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Summary": "Norma Bull was a war artist in Britain during the Second World War.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1912-1967-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chomley, Violet Ida", "Entry ID": "AWE6377", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chomley-violet-ida\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Moorabee Station, near Heathcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bedford, England", "Occupations": "Councillor, Secretary, Teacher, Traveller", "Summary": "Violet Ida Chomley was born in 1870 to parents William Downes Chomley and Sarah Simmonds (Cooper). Violet attended the Presbyterian Ladies' College and afterwards studied at the University of Melbourne, receiving a Bachelors degree in mathematics in 1890 and a Masters degree in 1893. After graduation Violet was employed as a secondary school teacher.\nIn 1902 Violet left Australia and travelled overseas for approximately six months. She settled in England in mid-1903 and began teaching soon after, first at the Christ's Hospital Girls' School and then at the Bedford High School. In 1921 Violet took up a position as a full-time secretary and in 1936 she was elected to the Bedford Town Council. Violet Chomley passed away in Bedford on March 26, 1957.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1902-dec-20-1957-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wise, Susan", "Entry ID": "AWE6385", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wise-susan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Dentist, Periodontist, President", "Summary": "Dr Susan Wise is a Melbourne specialist periodontist and served as President of the Australian Dental Association (Victorian branch) in 2017-2018. One of 17 women and 34 men in her University of Melbourne graduating class in 1994, she is a leader of an Australian professional association where women now outnumber men. While women have held leadership positions in the ADA (Vic Branch) before her, Susan is the first Jewish woman and the first mother with primary school aged children to take on the role of President.\nNeedless to say, even with the help of a 'fantastic, amazing' husband, the combination of mothering, running a home, running a practice and performing professional leadership responsibilities has created its challenges. 'In meetings,' she says, 'I will be texting my mother in law; don't forget to pick up Benjamin for this or that, don't forget the tennis racquet. My husband does most of the pick ups and drops offs, and most of the cooking. But I am the one who still has to organise things.' As all working mothers know, she says 'The hardest thing is the juggling.'\nIt's a juggle, however, that has been well worth the effort. During her presidential tenure, she oversaw the development of a new strategic plan for the ADA that has streamlined operations going forward, making the plan more user-friendly and the association more likely to engage members. She has always seen it as her role to mentor young women in the professions, given that she benefited from mentoring herself. Her legacy, she hopes, will be to leave a 'straightforward' plan and 'well organised' platform for the incoming president. She's also demonstrated to women who want to take up leadership roles in professional organisations that, with a low key approach and a lot of planning, you don't have to be superwoman to do it.\nDespite the challenges, she encourages other women to ask for opportunities to be involved, as she did. 'If someone had told me as a graduate in 1994 that I would be the president of the ADA, I would have said 'get real', not a chance. So I've achieved more than I could have hoped!'\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Prins, Romy", "Entry ID": "AWE6386", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prins-romy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Accountant, Community worker, Educator", "Summary": "Romy Prins is a qualified CPA and Chartered Accountant who has worked across a range of industry sectors, including government and corporate organisations. She is studying for Masters of Education, teaches tertiary level accounting at Monash University and is involved in teaching for the CPA. 'I find comfort in numbers', she says. 'I am at home in a spreadsheet'.\nThis comfort in numbers is part of the toolkit Romy takes to her volunteer work in Jewish communal organisations. She is particularly committed to reviving Emunah, a women's organisation based in Israel that supports social welfare causes, including advocating on behalf of women and children. As a third generation member of the organisation (her grandmother and mother before her were also involved) she is concerned that it, like other Jewish communal organisations, will 'fizzle out' if more young, Jewish women don't take up leadership opportunities. And while she doesn't regard herself as a leader in this space (as treasurer at Emunah, 'I am just a worker who works for the cause') she is nevertheless committed to helping to shape an environment where women can 'learn and develop as leaders as much as men can and as much as they want to do'. This commitment extends to involving orthodox Jewish women, who she sees as a largely untapped resource in Australia. 'There are things that women in the orthodox community can't do,' she says, 'but that doesn't mean they can't lead'.\nMarried, without children, but with significant family responsibilities, Romy juggles the competing demands of family, work and volunteering responsibilities with remarkable aptitude. She would like to increase her volunteering to include using her skills with numbers and teaching to work with women to improve their financial literacy. There are particular problems for women, beyond knowing that financial abuse is domestic abuse. 'In ultra-orthodox communities,' she says, 'we have people on very low incomes trying to support very large families.' She would like to help women better manage their lives through better managing their finances. But most of all she wants women to 'be involved in community leadership in whatever capacity they want to be.' For her, that means 'just doing the work'.\nIt also means finding fresh approaches to attracting young people to get involved in communal organisations. 'I am Jewish, young, modern orthodox and feel we have an issue with bringing younger Jewish women into leadership positions,' she says. 'I want to encourage and empower women to take them on, as part of a younger Jewish cohort in general.'\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ashmor, Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE6387", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ashmor-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Business owner, Community Leader, Lawyer, President", "Summary": "When Kate Ashmor was young, a family member advised her that the best way for her to channel her argumentative tendencies while earning a living was to become a lawyer. She took this advice and now Kate runs her own practice, Ashmor Legal. She has previously worked in a variety of government and corporate settings.\nAs well as running her own business Kate has a variety of community interests, applying the skills she has in her professional toolkit to leadership in not-for-profit and voluntary organisations. She is Chair of the board of Caulfield Park Bendigo Bank and has served on the boards of Alola Australia and Project Deborah. She is a Past Convenor of Victorian Women Lawyers (2010-2011) and a Past President of Australian Women Lawyers (2012-2013). She served as an elected Councillor in the City of Glen Eira from 2005-2008.\nShe combines all this with family life, but hastens to add that she doesn't want to intimidate others with her level of activity. 'I've always felt - and it's difficult for non-Jewish people to understand this - that there is a motivation that comes from deep within,' she says. 'It is like a compass - something that gets me out of bed, and navigates me through tough times. It is an obligation to those who didn't make it.' She carries that obligation, 'in the choice I have made in life to pack in as much as I can, in the types of things I've chosen to pack in and in the career risks I've chosen to take.' By 'packing it in' she doesn't assume or expect that others must do the same, but she does hope her example, and some lessons she has learned along the way, will inspire other women to take risks, take leadership opportunities and get involved.\nHer view is that if we are going to address the structural issues that work against women, then we need voices that are influential who can stand up and speak. 'There are a hell of a lot of these voices,' she says, 'but they are pushing through each day on a few hours' sleep, trying to be a million things to a million people, working full time or running their own businesses with a child on their hip.'\nMany of them are well educated, and that education creates opportunities. 'The most powerful tool that a Jewish woman can have, she says, 'is what is in their head, not what is on their fingers. Stuff just comes and goes. But the legacy you can leave by using your education is what's important to me, as a Jewish woman. It can't be taken away.'\nWho knows what lies ahead for Kate Ashmor? She certainly won't waste time moving onto it if the calling comes:\nThere are those who want to get involved to enjoy the status quo, there are those who want to change it to improve the lives of others. My adult life is to help advocate on behalf of others\u2026 I see myself as a problem solver and a change maker. I want my epitaph to be 'I did the best I could.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Givoni, Leora", "Entry ID": "AWE6388", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/givoni-leora\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Business owner, Communications professional, Community Leader, Marketing professional", "Summary": "Communication isn't anything, it is everything' says Leora Givoni, a Melbourne based marketing, strategy and communications expert with over 25 years in the business. 'The quality of your life is based on how you communicate,' she continues. 'Everything for me comes back to words.'\nLeora was encouraged by her parents from a very early age to use her words and share her voice:\nI had this beautiful head start of hard working parents who brought all walks of life into our house for dinner. There were always open, exciting, and nourishing conversations that happened around the table. It was a safe space\u2026diversity of thought was encouraged inside our home. Nothing was off the agenda, but we had to know our facts. We were encouraged to stand for something.\nProfessionally, Leora runs her own marketing, coaching and communication business, working with people and organisations to help them solidify their brand so they creatively pop in front of their desired audiences. In so doing, she has learned a lot about the key qualities of good leaders. 'Authenticity and a real commitment to a values system is vital, it's one of the most important things you can carry through your everyday life' she says. 'You cannot manufacture it. Leaders who survive honour their values. When women seek leadership positions and growth they need to remain true to themselves and understand their own values.'\nLeora's favourite quote to illustrate this point comes from one of the greatest Jewish women leaders of the twentieth century, essentially advising women to just be themselves. 'Trust yourself', said Golda Meir. 'Create the kind of self that you will be happy to live with all your life. Make the most of yourself by fanning the tiny inner sparks of possibility into flames of achievement.'\nLeora brings the skills and insights she has developed in the business world to a variety of philanthropic and community organisations, and is convinced that the skills transfer is a two way street. As well as being a Fellow of the Australian Marketing Institute and Graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, she is on the boards of a select number of arts and community health foundations, including the 16th Street Foundation and The Centre for Community Child Health. 'Mixing your world up with both professional and voluntary commitments is something I recommend to anyone wanting to expand their thinking,' she says.\nMingling with people outside of your world is what brings fresh thoughts and curiosity to your world. It helps unleash the many unconscious and conscious biases we all carry. I truly believe that the more people involve themselves in diverse causes, the more their world opens up.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Szalmuk-Singer, Simone", "Entry ID": "AWE6389", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/szalmuk-singer-simone\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community Leader, Lawyer, President", "Summary": "Simone Szalmuk-Singer, a lawyer by profession, has been a leader in Jewish communal organisations in Australia for nearly a decade. Her first communal leadership position was as President of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) Victoria and National Vice-President of JNF Australia. In her early 40s, at the time, Simone was considered to be a relatively young leader of a major Jewish organisation. Says Simone, 'I didn't appreciate that it was a big deal to become President in my early 40s until I was congratulated by others who pointed out that I was both 'young' and 'female.\"\nA member of a new, young generation of leadership, Simone used the skills she developed in the corporate world to evolve and develop governance and innovative leadership in the Australian Jewish community. Mentored by a wonderful woman, Sara Gold, Simone now fosters young leaders, women and men, and encourages them to take up leadership opportunities in the Jewish community.\nSimone is currently Co-Chair of the Australian Jewish Funders, the network of philanthropists committed to inspiring effective philanthropy and strengthening Jewish community. She is also a board director at Jewish Care Victoria - the largest Jewish services organisation in Victoria. Simone co-founded and co-edits Jewish Women of Words - an online writers' platform for emerging and established Jewish women writers. In 2017-18, Simone is a fellow in the prestigious Schusterman Foundation Fellowship program, a global leadership development program for senior Jewish communal professionals and lay leaders.\nSimone does these things while managing the responsibilities of family and home life; experiencing the dynamic challenges posed by that juggling act along the way. In the communal space, Simone has found that she can have meaningful and profound impact on the sector whilst still able to retain work-life balance.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thorpe, Alma", "Entry ID": "AWE6395", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thorpe-alma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist", "Summary": "Alma Thorpe is a Gunditjmara woman and an early Aboriginal rights activist. In 1973 Alma was central to the establishment of the Victorian Aboriginal Health Service. She is a life member of the Aboriginal Advancement League and is currently Elder in Residence at Deakin University's Institute of Koorie Education.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Aboriginal Honour Roll (2011 - 2011)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Traill, Jessie Constance Alicia", "Entry ID": "AWE6397", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/traill-jessie-constance-alicia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Emerald, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Painter", "Summary": "Artist Jessie Traill was one of the most influential Australian painters and etchers of the inter-war period.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript-8\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Aaron, Shani", "Entry ID": "AWE6400", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aaron-shani\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher" }, { "Title\/Name": "Althaus, Esther", "Entry ID": "AWE6401", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/althaus-esther\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Financial adviser" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ivany, Susie", "Entry ID": "AWE6404", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ivany-susie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community advocate, Women's advocate" }, { "Title\/Name": "Prins, Romy", "Entry ID": "AWE6407", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prins-romy-2\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Accountant, Teacher" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sar-Shalom, Gabbi", "Entry ID": "AWE6408", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sar-shalom-gabbi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Rabbi" }, { "Title\/Name": "Leslie, Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE6474", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leslie-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Anaesthetist, Medical practitioner, Medical researcher", "Details": "Kate Leslie was born and raised in Melbourne, Australia. On completion of her schooling, she studied medicine at the University of Melbourne.\nIn 1993 she achieved Fellowship of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) and has pursued a career in both clinical anaesthesia and research.\nKate is currently Head of Research in the Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management at the Royal Melbourne Hospital.\nKate was elected ANZCA President in 2010 and has received many awards and accolades for her work.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hughes, Florence Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE6477", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hughes-florence-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Anaesthetist, Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Florence Marjorie Hughes was born in 1898 in Malvern, Victoria. After graduating from the University of Melbourne in 1922, Hughes worked at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne. She left Australia for the United Kingdom in 1927 working at many hospitals and traveling to Italy before returning home. Records indicate she must have travelled again to the United Kingdom to receive her Diploma of Anaesthetics in 1939 or 1940.\nHughes continued to work at the Alfred until around 1942. After this year, Hughes entered into private practice on Collins Street in Melbourne. Her contributions to anaesthetics are relatively unknown, however, she gained postgraduate qualifications which enabled her to share new knowledge in Australia.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kennard, Gabrielle Pamela Joan (Gaby)", "Entry ID": "AWE6556", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kennard-gabrielle-pamela-joan-gaby\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aviator", "Summary": "In 1989, Gaby Kennard became the first Australian woman to fly solo around the world.\n", "Events": "Awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for service to aviation (1990 - 1990)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gaby-kennard-interviewed-by-rob-linn\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Magill, Kathleen", "Entry ID": "AWE6570", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/magill-kathleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria , Australia", "Occupations": "Skier", "Summary": "Kathleen Magill was a founding member and honorary secretary of the Australian Women's Ski Club and a member of the Ski Club of Victoria.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/activities-of-the-ski-club-of-victoria-in-the-victorian-and-new-south-wales-snowfields-and-interstate-and-national-ski-championships-1930-1934-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/activities-of-the-ski-club-of-victoria-in-the-victorian-and-new-south-wales-snowfields-and-interstate-and-national-ski-championships-1930-1934-picture-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/activities-of-the-ski-club-of-victoria-in-the-victorian-snowfields-and-the-glaciarium-carnival-of-1928-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McGrath, Joyce Veronica", "Entry ID": "AWE6582", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcgrath-joyce-veronica\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Red Cliffs, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Librarian, Painter", "Summary": "Joyce McGrath was an accomplished portrait painter. She was the first arts librarian at the State Library of Victoria, and received a Churchill Fellowship to travel to arts libraries around the world and investigate their collections. Joyce spent years in hospital as a child with tuberculosis - she emerged with a lifelong love of colour, an incredible sense of humour, and enormous passion and drive for the arts.\n", "Events": "Awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia 'for service to the collection and preservation of historical documentation relating to art and music, particularly through the establishment of the Australian Art Archives.' (2002 - 2002)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchelson, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6607", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchelson-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Orbost, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Lakes Entrance, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Mary Mitchelson was the first woman to fish commercially in the Gippsland Lakes. After her children left school she joined her husband, Kevin, in the family business, working full time as Kevin's deckie in the Gippsland Lakes.\nThey used seine nets to catch patches of mullet, trout and bream.\nKevin and Mary were inseparable and fished together for over 50 years, starting on the 'Mary M', a 26\u2032 boat built by Kevin and named for her.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Addison, Vera Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6614", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/addison-vera-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Daylesford, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Boroondara, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community stalwart, Community worker, Red Cross Worker, Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) worker, Volunteer", "Summary": "Vera Addison was awarded the British Empire Medal for her services to the community of Kangaroo Ground, in Eltham, Victoria, in 1968. She served as a Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) worker in England during the First World War and was a volunteer and later Honorary General Secretary of the Victoria League of Victoria for 25 years.\n", "Events": "Awarded British Empire Medal for services to the community of Kangaroo Ground (1968 - 1968)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/addison-v-red-cross-war-medals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-v-m-e-addison-honour\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McCarthy, Margaret Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE6616", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mccarthy-margaret-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian, Music teacher, Musician", "Summary": "Margaret McCarthy was a music teacher and music librarian. She was the founding librarian of the Victorian String Music Library, establishing this institution as a thriving educational resource in Victoria.\n", "Details": "Margaret McCarthy (nee Vance) was born on 27 September 1928, the fifth and youngest child of Canadian parents Mary Edythe Boyd and Neil McMillan Vance, who had arrived in Australia two years previously with their elder four children. Neil Vance had been sent to Australia to assist with the merger of Massey Harris with the Australian H V McKay Sunshine Harvesters.\nThe family settled in Sunshine, Victoria and Margaret attend Sunshine State School and Sunday School at St Marks Church of England, establishing a lifelong connection to the Anglican Church. As a primary school aged child, she began her musical education in Piano under Elsa Haas, and had passed the Grade 6 exams as set by the Melbourne University Conservatorium by the age of ten (Sunshine Advocate, 19 May 1939,1). Following her secondary schooling at Lowther Hall she enrolled in a Diploma of Music at the Melbourne Conservatorium. Winning both a Thomas Dick Bursary and a Commonwealth Government Scholarship enabled her to complete a Batchelor of Music at the University of Melbourne. During her university studies she worked as a freelance piano, singing and theory teacher, advertising her services for students in the local Sunshine paper (Sunshine Advocate, 24 January 1947, 8; Sunshine Advocate, 2 February 1951, 8). Her skill was also employed by the Shire of Braybrook as a solo pianist for official council functions (Sunshine Advocate, 17 November 1950, 1).\nUpon graduation from the University she found employment as a music teacher at Sacre Coeur, Glen Iris, where she taught class music, theory and piano to individual students.\nMarrying Neville McCarthy in December 1952, she continued to teach until shortly before the birth of her first child. The family moved to Yarrawonga and as a mother of five young children, Margaret McCarthy resumed secondary school teaching, teaching in local country high schools. The family returned to Melbourne in 1968 and in 1976 she gained a Diploma in Librarianship, and a Diploma in Education in 1983 (McCarthy 2014).\nIn 1974 she was seconded by Alexandra Cameron as the librarian for the String Music Library which had been established to provide scores for string teachers, school orchestras and students, housed initially in rooms at Camberwell High School. Under Margaret McCarthy the venture flourished, beginning with ten borrowers per week in 1975 and reaching 1600 borrowers and 6000 scores (McCarthy 2014). Margaret McCarthy expanded the library to include full orchestral scores, wind ensembles and choral works for schools. She was also required to develop the skills to negotiate copyright for the use of the music with international publishers.\nMargaret McCarthy continued to play music throughout her life, taking up the cello and viola, and playing in municipal orchestras. As her children also began their musical education, she became involved in the Youth Orchestra and State Music Camps her children attended.\nMargaret McCarthy died on 17 December 2014.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hall, Judy", "Entry ID": "AWE6617", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hall-judy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Trafalgar, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Music teacher, Musician", "Summary": "Judy Hall (nee Baillie) was born into a musical family in West Gippsland in 1922. Although she did not begin formal piano training until she was twelve, she has been an inspiring and influential piano teacher for over seventy years. Her focus and expertise has been on the foundations of good technique and she has been an authoritative voice in music education across Australia. Her teaching and commitment to music education has been recognised through a number of awards and honours including an OAM in 1996.\n", "Details": "Evelyn Margaret Mary 'Judy' Hall (nee Baillie) was born in Trafalgar in 2 July 1922, one of four children to Irish born blacksmith Daniel Baillie and his wife Mary Larsen.\nJudy Hall grew up in a family where music was important and she credits her early musical influences to her father, who was a band master and played in the Melbourne Codes Brass Band and the State Theatre. Her musical education was further expanded with the family's purchase of a radio in the 1930s, which provided entr\u00e9e to broadcast concerts, affording an introduction and education in classical music.\nJudy Hall was educated at the Trafalgar State School and Warragul High School. As a child, Judy had access to her father's piano, teaching herself the rudiments through playing by ear and supplemented by informal lessons provided by her father, who taught her the basics of music, although it was not until she was twelve that she started formal music lessons. At the age of fifteen, she left the Warragul High School and continued her education at St Joseph's Convent in Trafalgar, where her studies included bookkeeping, typing and music.\nWhilst still in primary school her skills as a pianist were recognised, and she was awarded a scholarship by a local piano teacher, Miss Truebridge, which granted her six months tuition. Her piano lessons with several local teachers were of a variable nature, most of whom she did not consider accomplished in music or education. As a pianist, with only two years of formal tuition, she started accompanying her classmates in concerts, whilst also winning a number of local eisteddfods. At one such eisteddfod her musical mind was opened by another competitor's renditions of Bach's instrumental Arioso. Suddenly she comprehended that music could be interpreted, rather than just played as a series of notes. This was an insight which provided her with the awareness that her technique was lacking and required improvement. So, she set out to find a teacher who could assist her in improving this. A previous teacher Margaret Smallacombe, had been taught by Edward Goll (1884-1949) a Czech born concert pianist and music teacher who was appointed to the Albert Street Conservatorium in 1914, the following year accepting a position at the Melbourne Conservatorium as piano soloist and chief study teacher of pianoforte, shortly after being appointed as musical director at the Presbyterian Ladies' College. So from c.1938 utilising whatever means she could to journey to Melbourne, Judy Hall began the arduous trip of travelling to weekly half day private classes with Goll. In recalling her childhood musical training prior to Edward Goll, she believes she learned how to play without any musical understanding, commenting 'no one could have had a worse start'.\nAs a twelve-year-old girl guide, Judy Baillie had met a 'good looking' boy scout, Cedric James Hall, and in 1944 after ten years of friendship, they were married. At the end of World War Two, as a young mother with a new baby, Judy Hall embarked on her career as a music teacher, eventually having another two children whilst developing a reputation for the excellence of her teaching. She has noted that without their support she would not have been able to achieve all she subsequently did.\nUnderstanding the deficiencies in her own musical education, she wanted to ensure that her pupils had a better start. Actively involved in the Victorian Music Teachers Association (VMTA), which provided both support and professional networks, she participated in many of the training sessions the Association delivered for music teachers across the state, as well as attending the Summer Schools they offered. Here she was exposed to a number of international music teaching theorists. She also undertook three overseas trips with the Association, whose itineraries included visits to music schools, universities, concerts and talks, inspiring the participants in their teaching and practice.\nIn the late 1970s, Warren Thompson, music teacher and founder of the Federation of Australian Music Teachers' Association, brought to Australia the Italian music educator Lidia Baldecchi-Arcui, who was to become Judy Hall's mentor. At their first meeting in Sydney, Baldecchi-Arcui lectured for five days on the importance of the foundations of music education. This was a moment of clarity for Judy Hall, whose own introduction to piano had been so mediocre. It led to a dozen further visits to Australia by Baldecchi-Arcui and several reciprocal trips to Genova by Judy Hall, both accompanying her gifted students and independently. Baldecchi-Arcui's influence saw Judy Hall develop her own teaching notes, stressing the importance of hand technique for beginner pianists. Entitled The First Three Years, these covered the basic techniques required-relaxation exercises, hand position, anchoring of thumbs, finger position, and the strength required in every element of fingers, wrists and hands for effortless piano playing. This became the foundation of Judy Hall's focus on the formative development of pianists, an expertise she has shared as a guest lecturer at the Sydney, Adelaide and Perth Conservatoria, training music teachers across the nation.\nWithin her local area of West Gippsland, Judy Hall used her networks and connections to facilitate and organise touring musicians, as well as local concerts for the Country Women's Association, football clubs, fire brigades, and with a group called 'Judy and Friends' she gave concerts for community organisations including nursing homes, and for private recitals. Her students competed regularly in eisteddfods, winning seventy-six major prizes and scholarships. In expanding their musical repertoire, she championed the inclusion of the concerto in these competitions accompanying most of them herself on 2nd piano.\nThe scores of students she has taught have included over thirty-two A.Mus.A Diplomas, and 4 Licentiate Diplomas; thirty are now music teachers scattered all over Victoria. Amongst her former students are a number who established medical and science careers, while continuing to maintain their musical practice. While her high-profile students have included Dr Pamela Burnard, Professor of Arts, Creativities and Educations at the University of Cambridge, the pianist Tim Young the Head of Piano and Chamber Music at the Australian National Academy of Music (ANAM) and a founding member of chamber group Ensemble Liaison, and a pianist with leading Australian and international musicians and ensembles. Dr Paul Rickard-Ford a Senior Lecturer in Music at the Sydney Conservatorium, musician and Federal Examiner for the AMEB. The conductors Vanessa Scammell and Paul Fitzsimon, and the rising star pianist Alex Waite.\nAt the age of sixty, Judy Hall decided to augment her musical repertoire, undertaking cello lessons in order to play in Chamber Music groups. As a cellist she has accompanied the La Trobe Valley Operatic Society, and played with local orchestras. At the same time, she also commenced painting classes, first in oils and later in watercolour.\nFrom her late seventies, Judy Hall has starred in a number of concerts. The first in 1996 was at the La Trobe Regional Gallery, where she played Beethoven's Piano Concerto no 3 accompanied by the Latrobe Orchestra. Her ninetieth birthday was celebrated with a four-and-a-half-hour concert, with musicians including former students, friends and family. The highlights of her concert career began in 2018 at the age of ninety-six, with Judy Hall as soloist with the Gippsland Symphony Orchestra playing Chopin at a series of concerts in Warragul and Sale. Prior to the first event, Judy Hall spoke to the Secretary of the VMTA asking if the concert could be recorded. Hearing this, the ABC offered to do so, and when interviewed by the broadcaster, she mentioned that her ambition had always been to play at the Melbourne Town Hall. This was followed up by the Melbourne City Council, and later the same year with the Latrobe Orchestra she fulfilled her dream, playing in the Melbourne Town Hall, to a packed audience of former students and their families.\nIn February 2019, for the Gala Concert to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Melbourne Recital Hall, Judy Hall, now in her ninety-seventh year was asked to play a duet with Tim Young, also accompanied by Alex Waite, playing Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody no 2 in G Minor.\nJudy Hall's contribution to music education has been recognised through a number of awards and honours:\n\nAn OAM received in 1996, for her contribution of fifty years to music education,\nthe Distinguished Teachers Award from the Victorian Music Teachers Association in 2011,\nLife Membership of the Victorian Music Teachers Association 2019,\nLife Membership of the Latrobe Valley Orchestra,\nLife Membership of the Latrobe Valley Eisteddfod.\n\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Morgan, Edith Joyce", "Entry ID": "AWE6624", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/morgan-edith-joyce\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Essendon, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Preston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Social planner, Social worker", "Summary": "Edith Morgan was the first social worker appointed by the Collingwood Council (1972), and worked to improve services such as childcare, community health and housing. She received the Order of Australia medal for service to the community in 1989 and was later recognised for her service as an advocate for social justice, women and the disadvantaged.\n", "Details": "Edith Morgan was born in 1919 in Essendon to John Donald Coldicutt and Edith Gertrude Rowe, and grew up part of a large family. She left Melbourne ('ran away' in her own words) for Adelaide and married William George Morgan there when she was 22. Later in life, in conversation with Geraldine Robertson, she carried the memory of her childhood as one of disadvantage towards girls in relation to education ('I was always bitter about the fact that the girls in my family could not go on.') She and her husband moved to Sydney, where their four children were born. In Sydney she became involved with the Communist Party and was a member of the Union of Australian Women from its beginning.\nThe family returned to Melbourne in 1956 and Edith enrolled in a social work degree at the University of Melbourne. Of this she remarked, 'It was a conservative degree I did at Melbourne University, aimed at controlling the population, but aren't all those things aimed at controlling the population? Whether we call it community development or whatever it is, you are trying to turn a population a certain way. I disagreed with this. I wanted to work for change.'\nEdith worked for change for the rest of her life. In 1972 she became the first social worker appointed by the Collingwood Council and worked to improve services such as childcare, community health and housing. In her view, 'if you give a service for 'poor' people, you'll give a poor service. You've got to be saying 'This service will be for all people, including the poor' (Robertson interview). She became an advocate for the rights of older people and helped found the Older Persons Action Centre and Housing for the Aged Action Group.\nIn 1989 she received the Order of Australia medal for service to the community. As Chairperson for the Victorian Consumer Forum for the Aged, Edith was awarded Victorian Senior Citizen of the Year in 1991, followed by a Centenary Medal in 2001, for service as an advocate for social justice, women and the disadvantaged. She was posthumously inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2005, and left bequests in her will to the Older Person Action Centre and the Union of Australian Women.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-morgan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-morgan-audio-book-cd-a-service-for-the-poor-or-a-poor-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bolam, Elsie Rose Beatrice", "Entry ID": "AWE6625", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bolam-elsie-rose-beatrice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria", "Death Place": "Marysville, Victoria", "Summary": "Elsie Rose Beatrice Bolam (MBE), born in St Kilda, Victoria in 1880, was awarded an Order of the British Empire - Member in January 1960, for services to the community of Marysville, Victoria. She was particularly honoured for her work as an unpaid community nurse, but was also highly valued for her role in promoting tourism to the Marysville district in the 1930s, 40s and 50s. She described herself as 'Marysville's best advertisement,' because she came to the town with the intention of staying for only a year, but instead 'stayed for a generation'.\nSister Bolam lived most of her adult life in Marysville, working as an 'honorary doctor', a tourism officer and a guesthouse proprietor. She loved the native flora and fauna of the district and, in1922, donated a parcel of land along the Steavenson River to the community for the purpose of fencing it off to create a koala reserve.\nElsie Bolam passed away in September 1965. She never married and lived most of her life in the Marysville house she bought in partnership with her dear friend, Lesley McGowan. She was dubbed 'Marysville's Florence Nightingale'.\n", "Details": "Elsie Rose Beatrice Bolam was born in St Kilda, Victoria in 1880 into a family that was under stress. The 1883 divorce petition of her father, Thomas Bolam, Inspector General of State Schools in Victoria, against her mother Eva (nee Gill) was played out acrimoniously in the daily newspaper reports of the Supreme Court proceedings, as each parent accused the other of adultery and other forms of mistreatment. A jury was never able to decide the case, so the couple eventually reconciled. The toll on Thomas Bolam's professional reputation and mental health proved too great for him to bear; he died, possibly from an overdose of chlorodyne, in February 1884. His wife, who passed away in 1928 outlived him by over forty years. Elsie cared for her mother, one way or another, for most of her adult life. She stepped in to relieve Eva Bolam from her duties as Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages for the Armadale, Malvern and Toorak district when she needed a break and cared for her mother when she came to live in Marysville.\nOther than this, we know very little of the circumstances of Elsie Bolam's early life and childhood. We do know, however, that Elsie trained as a nurse and that the relationships she established during this period would be life altering and life-long. One of them, with Miss Helena Brayshay, probably brought her to Marysville around 1914. Another, with Miss Lesley McGowan, was a close friendship that lasted a lifetime.\nWe don't know for certain when, where and how Elsie Bolam and Helen Brayshay met, but it is possible that Brayshay, born in 1863, a nurse and nurse educator, met Bolam while she was in training (in Melbourne or Beechworth) or in her early years working in small private hospitals. Likewise, Lesley McGowan (also a nursing sister) and Elsie Bolam possibly met when they were training. Eventually, they all ended up living in Marysville. Kerami, the guesthouse that Brayshay bought there around 1914, was the focus of their lives for many years to come.\nBrayshay probably bought Kerami in 1913 and she asked Bolam to take over the running of the place for a year in 2014. When the year was up, Elsie decided to stay in Marysville and the rest is history. After Brayshay died in 1919, leaving Elsie with some of the proceeds from her estate, Bolam, in partnership with Lesley McGowan (who had continued to work as a nurse in small hospitals around central and southeastern Victoria until at least 1916), purchased Kerami , which they then ran for several years. They obviously did a very good job of it: Kerami attracted a 'social' enough clientele to regularly make the pages of Table Talk. In 1920, they built tearooms, which they called 'The Crossways', near the Steavenson River Bridge. In 1922 Elsie donated a parcel of land to the community that was fenced and made into a koala reserve.\nNursing didn't bring Elsie to Marysville, but her dedication to her vocation is what made her 'a legend' in the area. After arriving in Marysville in 1914, Elsie Bolam served as town's honorary doctor for thirty-five years, taking a break during World War 2, when she temporarily moved back to Melbourne to work as a tourism officer but also as part of Melbourne's emergency services. Marysville's permanent population was too small and 'too healthy' to support a resident full time doctor, so both Elsie and Lesley stepped in to offer assistance. Given that the nearest doctors were either at Black Spur and Alexandra (roughly forty kilometers away), they would treat many non-life-threatening injuries themselves. Elsie was 'an expert bone-setter' who 'skillfully stitched many wounds - with sprained ankles and snake bites being her speciality'. During the 1918-19 influenza epidemic in nearby Healesville, Sister Bolam provided important assistance in organising the emergency hospital.\nSister Bolam did all this without payment or recompense for her expenses. Early in her tenure, she made application to the Bush Nursing Association for financial help, but was advised that 'her casualty station [did] not come within its jurisdiction'. In 1929 a Dendy Street, Brighton doctor provided some assistance with supplies. There is no record of Elsie receiving any other assistance. For thirty-five years, people would walk up the hill to the home that Elsie and Lesley McGowan shared above Woods Point Road in Marysville:\nwith boils, sprains, cold sore, carbuncles, broken limbs and most of the maladies that beset humanity to find sympathy, kindness and often a cup of tea along with sound medical care.\nElsie Bolam, like her good friend Helena Brayshay, was very active in the Marysville Tourist and Progress Association, serving as both president and secretary for several years. In 1937, she and Leslie were living back in Melbourne, where Elsie was appointed to a salaried position as a Marysville tourist officer to 'put Marysville's attractions before the public'. The pair remained there for the duration of WW2, returning to Little Kerami in the years after the war.\nIn 1955 the people of Marysville honoured Elsie Bolam when she was chosen to be one of two people who ceremoniously flicked the switch that brought electricity to Marysville. 'Now that we have electricity,' she said, hopefully, 'we may get a small hospital and perhaps a resident doctor.' Until that happens, 'we won't a chance to retire,' she added.\nElsie Bolam and Lesley McGowan were staunch monarchists who would regularly attend the local cinema, dressed in their finest, if a film about the King or Queen was on the program. It is fitting, therefore, that Elsie received an Imperial Honour for service to her community. On 1 January 1960, Sister Elsie Bolam was named in the New Year's honours' list as a Member of the British Empire - Civil Division. That evening, 300 local people gathered outside the cottage where she lived to congratulate her and a public subscription was gathered to purchase a television set for both she and Lesley to enjoy.\nElsie Bolam passed away on 4 September 1965 and was buried in Marysville cemetery. She left all her worldly goods to her dear friend Lesley Elinor Archibald McGowan, who passed away only a year later, at the age of 83.\nIn 2009, the town of Marysville was destroyed by a firestorm as intense and deadly as any the community had experienced since white settlement. Kerami and Little Kerami were destroyed, although the guesthouse was rebuilt and still operates as an up market accommodation house. Elsie's medal, which had been donated to the local history centre, was found in the ashes after hours of unstinting effort from Mary and Reg Kenealy. They arranged for it to be restored, and it sits again in the Marysville History Centre, a proud symbol of the good that ordinary women can do, and the enduring power and importance of female friendships.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brebner, Grace Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6626", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brebner-grace-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Joyce's Creek, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Police commissioner, Police officer", "Summary": "Grace Elizabeth Brebner (QPM) achieved many 'firsts' during her policing career, which began in 1942. She was the first police woman to pass her police driving test, the first female detective in Australia, and, in 1973, the first police woman in Victoria to be awarded the Queen's Police Medal (QPM).\nBrebner was Officer in Charge of Women Police from 1956 until she retired in 1974. 'Policing is not a glamour job,' she said when she retired, and you 'need to be able to put things out of your mind after work', to do it well. But for any drawbacks encountered, she assured that there were many, many rewards. 'I can't imagine anything in the way of a job that would have been more satisfying and interesting over the years'.\n", "Details": "Born in Joyce's Creek, Victoria in 1914, Grace Brebner spent her early years in central Victoria before her family moved to a farm near Mildura, in the Wimmera. As a young adult, she moved to Melbourne where she worked in sales and in cafes. 'I used to earn 12\/6 ($1.25) a week. But it was obvious there wasn't much future in it, even after I became a manager,' she said. 'Then I read an article about policewomen. It sounded interesting, so I applied.' Combined with the encouragement of a policeman and his wife, who she had been boarding with, this was all she needed to set her course. 'One day I just thought I would like the police life.'\nThis was in 1939, and there had only been eight Victorian policewomen appointed to this point, with a waiting list of 300 women. It was three and a half years before her application was accepted, but for the 28 year old woman described as '5'5\u2033 tall with blue eyes, light brown hair, medium complexion, weighing 9 st 2 lb, and of 'good' appearance', the wait was worth it. She became the 14th woman inducted to the Victorian Police service overall.\nBrebner wasn't there long before the praise and commendations started to accumulate. In her first two years she was commended alongside two constables for work resulting in a conviction for a man for offences against the Black Marketing Act. In April 1945 she was commended with 5 other policewomen for having 'successfully cleared up a bad case of murder'. In 1947, she was commended with four others for the role she played in 'a delicate investigation' that resulted in the conviction of two backyard abortionists. She was described as someone who was 'very adaptable' and who possessed 'plenty of initiative and common sense'. Her 'uncanny ability' at disguise, and staying undetected during undercover work brought successful conclusions to many a case.\nIn 1950, Grace Brebner was appointed to the Criminal Investigation Branch (CIB) and one year later became the first female detective in Australia after being first policewoman to qualify at the Detective Training School. She was second in the class: only 1.5 points behind the dux. She was not long in the post when she was required to capture her own quarry! Described by the press as 'Melbourne's first \"high- heeled\" detective', Detective Brebner was on her way to work at Russell Street Police Station from her home in East Melbourne when she was accosted by an alleged sex offender. She tackled the man, who broke away. After a 400-yards chase during which she caught him again, only to have him break away again, several men intercepted the offender and assisted her in the arrest. She was known to have 'acquitted herself remarkably well', while she was in 'the branch'.\nBecause she was the only woman detective, naturally, she always worked with male partners, many of whom could not accept the fact of a woman detective and gave her 'a hard time'. One of those who did enjoy working with her, Reg Henderson, said that because they both tended to blend into the background, they achieved a lot of success 'because nobody took any notice of us two in the car'. Henderson and Brebner were often called to duty at functions at Government House, to keep an eye out, as a form of security. She would buy ball gowns and dress like the guests, which was a definite perk of the posting. 'Often there was a barrister or judge I knew from the courts,' she said, 'who would ask me to dance'.\nIn October 1953, Brebner was appointed to the squad tasked with solving the brutal murder of teenager Shirley Collins, whose body was found dumped at Mt Martha a month earlier. In 2019, the murder remained unsolved. It was the first time in police history that a woman detective had been assigned to a homicide squad to investigate a murder and as such, made the headlines. Many police and members of the public were still of the view that women had no place in investigating these sorts of violent crimes, but the management view was that Brebner's gift with people and communication suited her to the task of interviewing all of the Collins' friends and the teenagers she had met at dance parties.\nAfter working as the only woman in CIB for 6 years, Brebner returned to the Women Police Division in 1956, promoted to the position of Sub-Officer-in-charge. Upon arriving back to this Division, Brebner noted that police cars were spare and that policewomen were banned from using them. She sought out procedures for a police driving licence and applied for the test. She later discovered the examiner had been told to 'fail her if you can - we don't want any women driving our bloody cars'. She passed, and policewomen have been driving police cars ever since as well as police motorbikes and riding police horses!\nIn 1957 Brebner was presented with a Chief Commissioners Certificate for her 'qualities of leadership and her standards of efficiency.' In 1971 she became the first policewoman in Vic to reach Inspector rank. Two years later she became the first policewoman in Vic to receive Queens Police Medal.\nGrace Brebner QPM retired in 1974, and when asked to reflect upon what special qualities were required to be a policewoman she insisted that 'common sense', 'an interest in people' and the capacity to 'put things out of your mind after work' were essential. When asked if being a policewoman made women hard, her response was interesting. 'No, it is like children watching television,' she said. 'They become accustomed to the violence and adjust themselves to it'. An experienced woman police officer, remembering Grace Brebner in 2015, wasn't so sure that being a trailblazing woman in the Victorian police force didn't leave her with a hard edge. \"She was a bitch, but she had to be,\" said the officer, who called Brebner \"Aunty Grace\". Policewomen during the 1960s and 70s had close relationships because there were so few of them. The older policewomen without children were often called \"Aunty\" by those coming up behind. Grace Brebner was one of those Aunties who made sure the next generation of women would be able to take the heat.\nLooking forward to having some 'lazy time' in retirement, Brebner planned on going for a drive to visit her brother in Queensland. She also planned on staying involved in 'women's and children's welfare and mental health organisations.' She vowed to 'write a book, enjoy her house and garden in Mitcham, keep the bird bath filled, read, shop and 'be available for anyone (at Russell Street)'.\nShe died in 1984, before she had a chance to write that book. For there to be no biography of someone who so profoundly shaped policing for the women who followed her is a crime worth investigating.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hodges, Florence (Florrie) Evelyn", "Entry ID": "AWE6627", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hodges-florence-florrie-evelyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lilydale, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bullarto, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Housewife", "Summary": "Florrie Hodges was only a teenager when her heroics at the mill settlement near Powelltown, Victoria, captured the national imagination. On Sunday February 14, 1926, she was at home with members of her family when they felt the full impact of the catastophic bushfires that surrounded them.\nInstructed by her mother to take the children to safety, she walked for miles with her three younger siblings, finally lying down on a train track and shielding them with her own body when there was nothing to do except allow the fire to burn over the top of them. They all survived, but Florrie received horrific burns to her legs and back. She was hospitalised for several months and left disabled and disfigured.\nStories of the heroics of 'the little bush girl of Powelltown' emerged quickly after the fires were put out and Florrie Hodges became something of a celebrity. Her bravery was recognised far and wide and she was awarded a Royal Humane Society medal.\n", "Details": "The following details are taken from an article written by the authors and published in the Victorian Historical Journal, June 2020\nJohn Schauble's excellent article about Victoria's Forgotten 1926 Bushfires (published in this journal in December 2019) reminds us of the importance of this event to reframing the relationship between Victorians and their environment. It also reminds us how quickly events can be forgotten, when bigger, seemingly more catastrophic, events happen subsequently. The 1926 fires in Gippsland have been 'jettisoned to a more distant past', barely memorialised in art, literature or history, despite killing more Victorians, proportionately, than any fires before or since except the 1939 fires. Schauble makes a strong case for the 'Great Fires of 1926' to be remembered better, as a turning point, a moment in time when Victorians reviewed their relationship to 'the bush' and reorganised their 'social and practical responses to bushfire'.\nAs well as understanding the social and political lessons learned from them, we should remember the 1926 fires better because of their human cost. They devastated small communities in Gippsland and the impact of that trauma is a living memory for descendents of some survivors. Through the story of Florrie Hodges, a teenager who survived the fires and became a celebrity for her heroics, we can explore themes that resonate nearly one hundred years later, such as the nature of celebrity, gendered narratives of heroics and intergenerational impact of unresolved trauma. It is the latter of these themes I'd like to reflect upon here, with passing reference to the nature of fame and heroics.\nSchauble highlights the remarkable story of Florrie Hodges, a fourteen year old girl from a mill settlement near Powelltown, whose heroics captured the national imagination. On Sunday February 14, 1926, she was at home with members of her family when the fire exploded about them. Instructed by her mother to take the children to safety, she walked for some miles with her three younger siblings, Rita, Vera and seventeen month old Dorothy, finally lying down on a train track and shielding them with her own body when there was nothing to do except allow the fire to burn over the top of them. They all survived, but Florrie received horrific burns to her legs and back. She was hospitalised for several months and was left disabled and disfigured.\nStories of the heroics of 'the little bush girl of Powelltown' emerged quickly after the fires were put out and Florrie Hodges became something of a celebrity. Her bravery was recognised far and wide; she was awarded a Royal Humane Society medal and a testimonial fund launched and administered by the Timber Worker' Union raised some \u00a31000 to be placed in trust until she was 21, her father being very anxious about her future and the need to make sure that the funds were to be clearly available fo her own use. Politicians, unionists, even famous actors were keen to share the stage with Florrie at various events held in her honour. Important labour figure Jean Daley spoke at an event held in May and the actor, Louise Lovely, appeared at one in September, along with a range of other artists and the Returned Soldiers Memorial Band.\nIf, as Schauble suggests, the 1926 fires produced little in the way of cultural product, it seems that what little emerged was focussed on a fourteen year old girl. A souvenir booklet was published, 100,000 photographs distributed to schoolchildren across the nation, Queen Mary and the Duchess of York proudly received photographs of the 'Australian Heroine', a special gramophone recording of Florrie telling her story was released and Mary Grant Bruce wrote a special version of her story that was published in the School Magazine. She, through her deeds, was variously described as 'carrying the spirit of many a pioneer mother', exhibiting 'the endurance of a Spartan and the pluck and fortitude of Nurse Cavell' and equalling the heroics of soldiers in the Boer and Great Wars. 'The battlefields of South Africa, Gallipoli and Flanders,' said Jean Daley at her testimonial, 'had not furnished a braver deed than the act of heroism performed by the little bush girl of Powelltown.' Florrie was very proud of the various honours and accolades she received, but using a modest heroes' refrain familiar to all of us, when asked to speak, told people 'she thought that any Australian girl would have done what she did'.\nAnd despite a small glitch with a poorly attended Sydney event, organised by the Feminist Club and the League of Child Helpers, after which Sydneysiders were scolded for rushing to greet 'every visiting celebrity, but not the girl 'descended of the race that gave the world the Anzacs' who exhibitied, 'the most outstanding act of heroism of the year, if not the decade', Florrie's story still resonated some years after the events. In a 1931 issue of The Freeman's Journal, children's submissions were published under the title 'My Favourite Heroine'. Ten year old Enid Casey asked her readers, 'Do you remember the story of Florrie Hodges' and explained why she was 'her favourite Heroine'. and during 'fire season' in 1934, the story of 'the 'Heroine of Black Sunday' was retold, in the wake of severe fires in Tasmania and Victorian timber country. After this, there is little to be found about Florrie and her life after the fires. Perhaps, after the 1939 fires, all other fires paled into historical insignificance.\nPerhaps there are other reasons to explain Florrie's loss of celebratory over the years that relate more directly to her own life experiences after the fires? Finding an online image of her bravery award and the purse presented to Florrie at the testimonial in her honour created a chain of correspondence between my colleague at the Australian Women's Archives Project, Helen Morgan, and one of Florrie's descendents, Joy Welch. Helen had been tracing stories of early twentieth century 'girl heroes' and was immediately drawn to Florrie's tale. She found the name of the donor of the purse to Museum Victoria via their website and this act of curation provided her with a contact to Joy.\nJoy offered to collect stories at a family gathering to be held in early February. Florrie passed away in 1972 but several elderly relatives who remembered her were willing to talk about what they knew and remembered. Many of them became very emotional while doing so, but persevered because they wanted Florrie's story better known. 'They thought the importance of remembering and recognizing her bravery, [talking about] what had happened to her goes quite a way to explaining her life after the event,' said Joy. It had not been a particularly happy one.\nA nephew, Stan Gleeson, now 87, remembers her well and speaks of his visits to her house in Lyonville, near Trentham. Florrie married her cousin, Bill, soon after the accident, when she was sixteen. Bill worked in the timber mill and he had a couple of serious injuries, so both he and Florrie would have been in constant discomfort or pain. They lived a very simple life. Florrie was remembered as a tough, no nonsense woman, who didn't talk much. She never spoke of the fire, the attention afterwards or the impact it had on her or her body. Her preference was to seek company at the pub, where she was seen regularly, an uncommon sight in those days. Most other women were at home with the children but Florrie was often to be found at the local with her husband drinking. Due to the couple's history, it seems that the extended family looked out for them as much as possible. Everyone knew they both had alcohol issues and everyone attributed that to the trauma they experienced.\nThey had 6 children, with only four living to adulthood, and the trauma was intergenerational. Their daughter Nancy had a number of children that were mainly placed in care due to her alcohol issues. Their son Bill did not have children but he passed away in a Salvation Army home as a chronic alcoholic. Little is known about the two youngest children, but it is known that all of them had been in and out of care due to Florrie and Bill's inability to care for them. The extended family tried many times to take them all in (especially the two little ones) but the State judged their own families to be too large to permit them taking in any additional children. Some family members who Joy spoke with still got emotional when they spoke about their parents not being allowed to take care of them - they didn't want the children to be placed in an orphanage. They were acutely aware that if it hadn't been for Florrie, their mother's would have perished in the fire and they would not be there, in 2020 telling her story.\nIt is important to Stan Gleeson that Florrie be remembered because the past lives on in the present. His son, a Country Fire Authority (CFA) member, rescued people in the 2009 Black Saturday fires. He suffered from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), so Stan's knowledge of Florrie's story helped him to understand the impact similar trauma could have on his own son. He knows how trauma unresolved or dealt with can continue to play out for years to come. It has made a difference to them as they create a pathway to recovery for their son.\nIn her email, Joy Welch sadly noted that 'in saving others, Florrie lost herself', and talking about it now, we can see the far-reaching implications, for Florrie, her children and her grandchildren. Even at the time, there were commentators who recognised that risk. Dr Irene Stable, the Medical Officer for the Victorian Education Department observed with some foreboding that:\n'The child will bear the marks of the fire throughout her life, as an external manifestation of her suffering; nothing will ever reveal the deep scar which this terrifying event has left on her memory; nothing will erase it\u2026.'\nIt's fair to say that nothing ever did.\nRecognising Florrie's story is to recognize the damage that continues to be done when past trauma is not acknowledged. It's not just about celebrating bravery as achievement - it's about remembering that for very many women and men, bravery as 'achievement' has come at a significant cost. Honouring the stories of brave women like Florrie helps us to reimagine what it means to be brave, and how careful we must be with our heroes.\n", "Events": "Royal Humane Society AwardMuseums Victoria item NU 48890 Medal - Royal Humane Society, Awarded to Florence (Florrie) E. Hodges, Boxed, 1926Museums Victoria Collectionshttps:\/\/collections.museumsvictoria.com.au\/items\/1973024Accessed 24 February 2026 (1926 - 1926)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hall, Lesley", "Entry ID": "AWE6636", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hall-lesley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Port Fairy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts administrator, Chief Executive Officer, Disability rights activist, Feminist, Writer", "Summary": "Lesley Hall was a feminist and disability advocate who worked throughout her life to empower low income and indigenous people, and people with disabilities, to attain and assert their human rights. She dramatically increased the policy involvement of people with disabilities in Australian and international disability issues. On behalf of the Australian Federation of Disability Organisations (AFDO) she represented and involved people with disabilities in the consultation, lobbying and campaign to successfully achieve the National Disability Strategy and the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS).\nLesley Hall is well known for a radical form of activism in 1981, when she and other activists stormed the stage of the St Kilda Town Hall during the Miss Australia Quest. The act has been described as 'the first public act to place disability as a feminist issue on the agenda'.\n", "Details": "Born in the Victorian country town of Port Fairy in 1954, Lesley Hall started her schooling at the local primary school. She then attended a special school (Yooralla) and completed her secondary schooling in Altona. She graduated with a BA and Dip Ed from La Trobe University in 1973-78.\nLesley's political evolution started at school, when she became aware of the equity (or inequity) issues associated with 'special' schooling. The process of being segregated and institutionalised as a young teenager was limiting, indeed, harmful, on many levels. Not only was the education sub-standard, it was socially inadequate. People in so-called 'special schools' often did not develop the interpersonal skills they might otherwise have developed in mainstream schools.\nLesley began to develop a theoretical perspective on the experience of oppression when she became involved in disability politics in the late 1970s. She met Richard Berger and Eddie Ryan, who were involved in the newly forming disability activist movement, around 1979-80 and immediately clicked with the group. They were radical in their thinking and their perspective matched her own, which was that people with disabilities should not be segregated, but should be encouraged to be part of the broader community. Very importantly, they must be able to speak for themselves.\nAn important step towards empowerment was the establishment of the Disability Action Forum (DAF) of which Lesley was a member. The DAF was a unique organisation of people from around Victoria with disabilities, united on a regional basis - not disability specific - to speak and act on their own behalf. As a member of this forum, Lesley was instrumental, in 1981, in establishing the state's first Disability Resource Centre (DRC) in Brunswick, a place run by people with disabilities, where people could go to find information about services and their rights under law. It was one of her first jobs in the disability advocacy sector.\nThis activity took place in 1981, the International Year of the Disabled Person. According to Lesley, this year was 'crucial for people understanding that people with disabilities needed to be involved in and lead projects'. There was a lot of energy, and intense focus on organising and activism.\nThis was also a time when people with disabilities were gaining the confidence to speak for themselves in more radical, publicly confronting ways. Historically, disability support services had come under the auspices of charities, such as the Spastic Society (now Scope). This was a bone of enormous contention for disability activists, who objected to the charity perspective of support on a number of fronts. Firstly, support offered by charities was generally provided in the form of segregation, in the guise of institutional living, sheltered workshops and special schools. The charity perspective oppressed people, says Lesley, because it 'focused on people's deficits rather than their strengths' and treated people as 'objects of pity'. So an important platform of political action for disability activists was to cut the nexus between charity and service provision. Their views on the matter were highlighted in the late 1970s in Victoria by a successful campaign of public protests aimed against the Yooralla Telethon and its depiction of children with disabilities as objects of pity rather than humans with agency.\nThere was a feminist thread to this activism. Lesley was involved in feminist politics in the 1970s which took her to the disability movement at the end of the decade. Her interest in both streams, however, reinforced in her mind the inadequacies of both. There was 'a lot of sexism around' in the disability movement in the early 1980s. But the feminist movement's response to the particular needs of women with disabilities was inadequate and unsatisfying. A significant number of women with disabilities shared her frustration\nThey established the Women with Disabilities Feminist Collective (WDFC) which offered a space where women with disabilities could go and talk about their experiences and gain strength through doing so. It was also a political action group, involved in organising protests. The Anti-Miss Victoria quest working party was one activity, but there were others organised around housing, employment and transport. WDFC was busiest in the early to mid 1980s; less so in the late 80s to early 90s, although this was a time when other organisations with a gender perspective, such as Women with Disabilities Victoria and WWDA were beginning to take shape.\nLesley was involved in a set of direct action protests that highlighted the gender perspective in the critique of public representations of people with disabilities. The Miss Australia Quest was a beauty contest that since 1954 had run as a fundraiser for the Spastic Society in Victoria. Feminist activists and lobby groups for the disabled had been protesting outside national finals throughout the 1980s.\nThe International Year of the Disabled put the spotlight on opposition to the quest. As Lesley explained, the beauty quest as a form of fundraiser for disability charities was particularly odious, given its focus on physical perfection 'as the norm all must attain if they are to be fully accepted into society'. Lesley was among a group of feminists and disability activists who got into the venue for the 1981 event. 'The media sprang to life as soon as soon as we got on stage,' she says.\nThe protests received significant press coverage and provoked a range of responses, including strong support from people within the Spastic Society and other disability charities, to criticism from people with disabilities. There was still a very conservative group that believed segregation, and therefore, the charities that supported segregated services, to be the best way of providing for people with a disability. Despite the objections from this camp, the protest marked a symbolic shift in the mode of public thinking about the place of people with disabilities in Australian society. This was accompanied by a major policy shift in Victoria, initiated by some very progressive people in government, who were listening to disability activists and beginning to 'get' the issues.\nThe 1981 protest action was, arguably, the first public act to place disability as a feminist issue on the agenda. Throughout the 1980s, the WDFC continued to highlight these issues. Like the women from the DPI (A) women's network, they began to gather a more theorised perspective on the issues confronting women with disabilities especially when it came to women's health and the problems of domestic violence. By the early 1990s, there was some crossover between the two streams. A decade of networking and deep discussion had created an environment where women with disabilities in Victoria knew they needed to do something.\nLesley became involved with Women with Disabilities Victoria in the late 1990s. Her professional work as an advocate in the development of Attendant Care action and planning brought her into contact with members of the network, such as Keran Howe. Lesley was a member of a working party that was examining the issues associated with women with disabilities gaining access to women's refuges, a problem that Women with Disabilities Victoria and WWDA were researching at the time. She lent her support to Women with Disabilities Victoria at a time when the organisation was on shaky ground, to help them return to a stable and sustainable position. She also lent her writing skills to Oyster Grit, the breakthrough publication of stories about women with disabilities, written by women with disabilities.\nLesley was keenly aware of the transformative power of the arts for people with disabilities. She worked as an Arts & Cultural Development Officer at the City of Darebin where she promoted the inclusion of people with disabilities in all their artistic opportunities. She was a member of the Art of Difference 2009 Steering Committee and on the Board of Arts Access. She previously served on the Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission (VEOHRC) disability advisory committee and the Victorian Disability Advisory Council (VDAC). She also represented VDAC on the Department of Human Services Industry Advisory Group.\nIn September 2008 she was employed as the CEO for the Australian Federation of Disability Organisations (AFDO) where she brought her experience, skills and long commitment to human rights for women, people with disabilities and indigenous people to the national and international work of AFDO. She was still working for AFDO when she passed way in 2013.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lesley-hall-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-and-rosemary-francis-in-the-women-with-disabilities-network-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beaurepaire, Lily", "Entry ID": "AWE6637", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beaurepaire-lily\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Albert Park, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Diver, Lifesaver, Olympian, Sportswoman, Swimmer", "Summary": "Lily Beaurepaire was one of Australia's first women Olympians, when she competed at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics in swimming and diving. She was the first Australian woman to compete in diving but was unplaced.\nThe only woman in Australia's small team, she joined her brother Frank and they were the first sibling Olympians. Frank, (later Sir Frank Beaurepaire), was already an Olympian from the 1908 Games. During WW1, the 1920s and into the 1930s, Lily, Frank, and May Cox, the Education Department of Victoria's Supervisor of Swimming and Lifesaving, promoted swimming and diving at exhibitions which raised patriotic funds and supported the Victorian community through charity events.\nA strong swimmer, over short and long distances, Lily competed in the sea, surf and swimming baths, was a fearless high diver and leapt off bridges into rivers. In 1910, Lily was one of the first people to be qualified as a lifesaver when she gained the Bronze Medallion for Lifesaving awarded by the Royal Australian Lifesaving Association. For a decade she was sometimes the only lifesaver at Lorne surf beach.\nIn 1933, aged in her forties, she won fame for a dangerous lifesaving rescue of three men in rough seas. In 1967, Lorne's Lilian Beaurepaire Memorial Swimming Pool was opened.\n", "Details": "Lily Beaurepaire was born in 1892 in Albert Park. Her parents were Francis Edmund de Beaurepaire, a sailor, tram-conductor, trader and a hotel proprietor and Mary Edith, nee Inman. She attended Albert Park State School until she was 15 years old. Her brother, Frank was one year older, and as students they were State Swimming Champions. Aged 17 in 1908, he represented Australia at London's Olympic Games. Lily was a strong, versatile swimmer and award-winning diver. She was coached at school by her teacher May Cox, who would go on to be the Education Department of Victoria's Supervisor of Swimming and Lifesaving. For decades, Lily, Frank and May collaborated in the promotion of swimming and lifesaving across Victoria.\nAlbert Park State School was famous as it was Victoria's leading swimming school. Since 1898 it regularly won state championships. Lily was in the school's championship team in 1905, 1906 and 1908, winning First Prizes for swimming and diving in the state championships. After leaving school she raced as a teenager in open state and interstate competitions, over varied distances, and in diving. Aquatic events were popular, and many competitions were organised at Hegarty's and Stubbs Baths, in St Kilda, and other centres, including Richmond, Brunswick, Williamstown, and the City Baths. Local and interstate newspapers regularly reported on swimming carnivals. By 1910, aged 18, Lily had won 16 state level championship medals. Her swimming skills and physical strengths were rewarded further in 1910, when she was one of the first people in Victoria to qualify for the Bronze Medallion for Lifesaving and in 1911, she gained the Royal Life Saving Society's Award of Merit.\nSwimming and lifesaving clubs held regular events. During WW1 they organised swimming carnivals to raise funds for charities and the patriotic war effort. In 1916 The Brunswick Baths held a carnival, for the St John's Ambulance Association. In 1917, Footscray Swimming Club held a gala on the Maribyrnong River and in 1917 the Richmond Ladies Life Saving team displayed lifesaving techniques.\nLily was the Albert Park Ladies Swimming Club's (APLSC) efficient Honorary Secretary for nine years. It involved managing, fund raising and organising. During the World War 1 years (1914-1918) fewer swimming events were held, due to male swimmers serving in the forces. The 1916 Olympic Games were cancelled. Women swimmers, led by Lily Beaurepaire, considered that they should keep the sport 'before the public'. The APLSC requested to join the Victorian Amateur Swimming Association. Their request was refused so they formed the Victorian Lady's Amateur Swimming Association (VLASA) The women's clubs, after some negotiation all joined in 1916. From then the VLASA conducted its own championship races.\nThis pioneering organisation was influential as it promoted women's sport and raised funds to send women swimmers interstate and overseas. Lily was the VLASA 's inaugural honorary secretary. She continued as the APLSC's secretary too. In 1917, as the VLASA's honorary secretary, Lily wrote in the Weekly Times that swimming and lifesaving should be compulsory for girls in schools. She argued that it needed to be properly taught and it was important for developing a 'fondness for physical recreation' which was 'beneficial' to health and could prevent drowning.\nThe VLASA affiliated with interstate women's associations and in 1917, held its first state championships at the City Baths. Lily easily won the 220 yards which qualified her to represent Victoria in the national championships. Unusually for a women Lily used the trudgeon stroke for racing. Swimmers in the Olympic Games used it for Freestyle events because it was the fastest stroke and eventually it developed into the 'Crawl' or 'Freestyle'.\nLily was beaten in national racing by the seasoned competitive swimmer, and Olympian, Fanny Durack. She had won a gold medal in 1912, making her the first Australian woman to win a gold medal for swimming at the Olympics and the first woman in the world.\nIn early 1920, the VLASA decided to support Lily to compete in the next Olympics to be held in Antwerp. The Australian Olympic Council whose membership was representatives of male amateur sporting bodies, had already decided not to send a team of women swimmers due to lack of funds so she would need to pay her own way. The VALSA established an appeal for \u00a3100 to defray her living and general expenses. Newspapers advertised for donations. She paid her own ship-fare and was chaperoned by her mother. As Frank was in the men's Olympic team, they were the first siblings to represent Australia in the Olympics.\nA few months earlier though, Fanny Durack had intended to defend her 1912 title. As the Olympics were cancelled in 1916, 1920 was her first opportunity to do so. However, Fanny became very ill before she left Australia. She had an emergency appendectomy, followed by typhoid fever and pneumonia. Luckily Fanny recovered but retired from competition. Lily had come second to her in the last Australian championships. The VLASA described her as 'a thorough amateur and a credit to her country'.\nAt the Olympics she raced in the 100-metres, and the 300-metres freestyle events as well as the 10-metre platform diving but failed to win a place. While overseas she competed in England, South Africa, the United States and Canada. On the way home Frank and Lily gave swimming and diving exhibitions in New Zealand. Upon her return, she retired from competitive swimming. Unfortunately, most of her swimming feats were left unrecorded other than unofficially in newspapers, as it would be 1930 before women's swimming times were recognised by the Victorian Amateur Swimming Association.\nIn 1922, Lily moved with her parents from Albert Park to Lorne. She assisted with managing the popular Carinya Guest House and later the large Cumberland Hotel. However, she continued swimming and lifesaving pursuits. At Lorne's surf beach Lily was often the only lifesaver and she was credited with 50 rescues. Organising swimming and life-saving demonstrations with local swimming clubs, including Torquay, Rippleside and Geelong, she supported charities such as the Lorne Bush Nursing Hospital. When available she worked on Education Department swimming and lifesaving programs for teachers and students.\nAged 41, she famously rescued three men in rough surf at Lorne, in 1933. Described by newspapers across Australia, as a thrilling rescue, there were three men who were dangerously carried out to sea on a Hawaiian surfboard. Lily brought them in from 300 yards out. Newspapers across Australia reported the rescue.\nIn 1936, Lily married Herbert Clarke and from then she was rarely found in the public record. However, in 1967, the Lillian Beaurepaire Memorial Swimming Pool was proudly opened for community use on the Lorne Foreshore, by her nephew Ian Beaurepaire, a Melbourne City Councillor. Partially funded by the Beaurepaire family who had worked in Lorne since 1922, she attended the opening with her husband. Aged 89, she died in 1979 at Chesterfield Private Hospital, Geelong.\nSadly, it was recently revealed that the memorial pool was updated and renamed the Lorne Sea Baths. However, early in 2021 the Surf Coast Council announced their intention to name a new road, Lillian Close, in her honour. Local Councillor, Gary Allen said 'Lillian was a strong but humble person who served our community well, and its with a great deal of pleasure that I move this motion'.\n", "Events": "Participated at the London Olympic Games (1920 - 1920)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melba, Nellie", "Entry ID": "IMP0003", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melba-nellie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Opera singer", "Summary": "Dame Nellie Melba (n\u00e9e Helen Porter Mitchell) was an internationally renowned opera singer, celebrated for her magnificent coloratura (soprano) voice.\n", "Details": "Melba's musical training began in Melbourne at Presbyterian Ladies' College, and continued in France under Mathilde Marchesi. Her operatic debut was in Brussels, in 1887.\nMelba went on to perform in London, Paris and New York before returning to Australia to tour in 1902. She also toured Australia in 1909, 1911, 1924 and 1928. She founded a women's singing school in Melbourne and wrote a singing manual and a memoir.\nMelba was appointed to The Order of the British Empire, Dame Grand Cross (Civil) on 3 June 1927 for services to Australia. She was also appointed to The Order of the British Empire, Dames Commander, on 15 March 1918 for giving fund-raising concerts to assist war wounded during the First World War.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melba-nellie-1861-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nellie-melba-the-first-australian-diva\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/popular-australian-singers-from-the-early-years-of-sound-recording-sound-recording-volume-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nellie-melba-a-contemporary-review\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nellie-melba-the-legend-still-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melodies-and-memories-introduction-and-notes-by-john-cargher\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/red-plush-and-black-velvet-the-story-of-dame-nellie-melba-and-her-times\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melba-method\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melodies-and-memories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-nellie-melba\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-nellie-melba-and-j-c-williamson-ltd-grand-opera-seasonjune-july-august-1924-souvenir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-nellie-melba\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100-great-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/evensong\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-nellie-melba-death-in-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/death-of-dame-nellie-melba-australias-greatest-singer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dame-nellie-melba\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-shire-of-lilydale-and-its-military-heritage-the-first-world-war-and-its-effect-on-the-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbas-keys-to-past\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victoria-the-first-century-an-historical-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-relating-to-australia-1856-1889-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/account-book-1902-1903-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-file-of-information-on-dame-nellie-melba-ca-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scrapbook-ca-1911-1937-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-ca-1916-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nellie-melba-papers-1901-1903\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/van-straten-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cochran-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lemmone-john-1861-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/percy-grainger-outgoing-correspondence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-papers-re-caroline-chisholm-and-dame-nellie-melba-c1833-c1953-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-fritz-bennicke-hart-1898-1951-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-papers-relating-to-dame-nellie-melba-1911-1928-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-papers-ca-1869-ca-1945-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-discovery-of-a-nellie-melba-archive-1971-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-nellie-melba-circa-1908-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-nellie-melba-1895-1923-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scrapbooks-1924-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scrapbook-1909-1931-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-melba-memorial-conservatorium-of-music\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-nellie-melba-to-rose-and-percy-grainger\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-melba-letters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-letters-between-percy-grainger-and-nellie-melba\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-pamphlets-containing-souvenir-concert-programmes-and-australian-biographies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-and-diary-1911-1931-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1845-1870-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Menzies, Pattie Mae", "Entry ID": "IMP0004", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/menzies-pattie-mae\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Alexandra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "On 1 January 1954, Pattie Menzies was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (Civil). The official citation, conferring the GBE to her under her married name, Mrs R. G. Menzies, read: \"In recognition for her years of incessant and unselfish performance of public duty in hospital work, in visiting, addressing and encouraging many thousands of women in every State of Australia, including very remote areas, and in the distinguished representation of Australia on a number of occasions overseas.\"\n", "Details": "Daughter of John William (later Senator) and May Beatrice (n\u00e9e Johnston) Leckie, Pattie Mae Leckie was born in Alexandra, Victoria. The eldest daughter of a farmer turned politician she attended Fintona Girls' School. In 1953 there she returned to open new buildings, along with her husband, the Rt. Hon. R. G. (later Sir Robert) Menzies.\nPattie Leckie met Robert Menzies in 1919, and the couple were married on 27 September 1920. The Menzies had four children, one of whom died at birth. Throughout their 58 years of marriage Dame Pattie was involved with charitable work whenever possible. Dame Pattie was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of her charitable work. She received this honour nine years prior to her husband receiving his knighthood (1963).\nOn 19 September 1995, Kate Carnell, Chief Minister of the ACT, in a tribute to Dame Pattie, stated: \"[Dame Pattie] had great concerns for her fellow citizens, particularly for women. She was mindful of the importance of recognising the role of women in the development of the nation\u2026Dame Pattie excelled at making people feel at ease and was at home talking to people from all walks of life. She supported community work\u2026I am sure many former girl guides and brownies\u2026remember cleaning the silver at the Lodge for Dame Pattie as part of Bob-a-Job Week.\"\nDame Pattie's life spanned 96 years. During that time she lived through two world wars, the depression and the postwar reconstruction of Australia. Sir Robert (1972) and two sons predeceased Dame Pattie. In 1992 she returned from Melbourne to Canberra, where she had spent many years during the time that Sir Robert was prime minister, to live with her daughter. Dame Pattie passed away on 30 August 1995.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-speeches-of-sir-robert-menzies-prime-minister-menzies-and-dame-pattie-menzies-giving-their-speeches-at-the-opening-of-the-t-i-power-station-tumut-ponds-of-the-snowy-mountains-scheme-on-october\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robert-menzies-pattie-menzies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sir-robert-menzies-1905-1978-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-phillip-l-lawrence-1928-1971-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-pattie-menzies-interviewed-by-heather-rusden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cutler-family-papers-1909-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hector-harrison-1915-1978-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Angliss, Jacobena Victoria Alice", "Entry ID": "IMP0007", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/angliss-jacobena-victoria-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Epping, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Jacobena Angliss was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (Dames Commander) on 1 January 1975 for community and welfare services. She had previously been awarded a CBE on 9 June 1949 for her work as President of the Victorian Child Welfare Association.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Jacob and Frances (n\u00e9e Ladhams) Grutzner.\nJacobena Grutzner married butcher and meat exporter William Charles Angliss (1865-1957) at St Columb's Church, Hawthorn, on 31 March 1919. They had one daughter, Eirene Rose. \nJacobena's husband, William Angliss (who was knighted in 1939) was a member of the Legislative Council of Victoria between 1912 and 1952, had wide experience in industry management and accumulated great wealth through the establishment of a number of pastoral companies. In his will, he set aside \u00a31 million for the creation of a charitable trust.\nLady Angliss, who was also involved with several charity organisations, became chairman of the trust. Along with being the trustee of the William Angliss Estate she was chairman of the Bluff Downs Pastoral Company and Miranda Downs Pty Ltd. A member of both the Lyceum and Alexandra clubs in Melbourne, Lady Angliss enjoyed gardening and music. She was president of the Astra Chamber Music Society and director of the National Memorial Theatre. In 1975 she was appointed to the Order of British Empire (Dames Commander).\nLady Jacobena Angliss died on 10 November 1980 and was buried in Box Hill cemetery with her husband. Her grand daughter, Diana Gibson (nee Knox), is today a prominent Victorian philanthropist and Chairwoman of the William Angliss Charitable Fund.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sir-william-angliss-an-intimate-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/angliss-sir-william-charles-1865-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dame-jacobena-angliss-dame-commander-of-the-order-of-the-british-empire-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bolte, Edith Lilian (Jill)", "Entry ID": "IMP0011", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bolte-edith-lilian-jill\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Skipton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Jill Bolte was appointed a Dame (Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander) on 01 January 1973 for public service to Victoria. She was associated with many community organisations, and participated in official duties, while her husband, Sir Henry Bolte, was premier of Victoria for 17 years.\n", "Details": "Jill Elder daughter of Daniel Fowler MacKenzie and Lilian May (n\u00e9e Moss) Elder, was educated at Skipton State School and Methodist Ladies College (Kew). She married Henry Edward Bolte (later Sir Henry) on 24 November 1934. Her husband was elected a Member of the Legislative Assembly (Liberal) for Hampton in 1947. Henry Bolte became leader of the Victorian Liberal party in 1953, and on 7 June 1955 the sixty-first Premier of Victoria. He served a total of 6288 days before retiring on 23 August 1972.\nJill Bolte's voluntary work included positions as member of the State Council, Girl Guides Association (Victoria); State Council member Red Cross Society (Victorian Division). She was president of the Meredith Red Cross from 1949 to 1960 and treasurer from 1939 to 1949.\nAn honorary member of the Women's Gallery Committee and Victoria League, Jill Bolte was also a member of the Alexandra Club, Royal Commonwealth Society, Liberal Club and Barwon Heads Golf Club. Her leisure actives included gardening, tennis, golf and fishing.\nIn 1960 the Australian Red Cross awarded Jill Bolte with a long service medal (20 years) and she received her first Bar in 1974. She also she received the Beaver Award from the Girl Guides Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Breen, Marie Freda", "Entry ID": "IMP0013", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breen-marie-freda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Dame Marie Breen was a Federal Senator for Victoria for the Liberal Party from July 1962 to June 1968 (retired).\n", "Details": "Marie Chamberlin was the daughter of Frederick William and Jeanne (n\u00e9e Conquest) Chamberlin, and was educated at St Michael's Church England Girls' Grammar School (St Kilda). She married Robert Breen on 12 December 1928. They had three daughters, one of whom, Jeannette Patrick, was the Liberal Member for Brighton, 1976-1985 and Parliamentary Secretary of the Liberal Party, 1979-82.\nMarie Breen was a Federal Senator for Victoria for the Liberal Party from July 1962 to June 1968 (retired). Breen's community-based work included her membership of the Victorian Family Council, 1958-78; the Victorian Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, 1970-1978; and the Marriage Guidance Council of Victoria (later Relationships Australia), 1957-1971. Breen was appointed as Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 16 June 1979 for service to the community. She had earlier been appointed an Officer of the British Empire, on 1 January 1958, for her work in the role of State President of the National Council of Women (Victoria).\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2010 - 2010) \nUNICEF Committee for the United Nations Association of Australia's Victoria Committee (1969 - 1973) \nVictorian Association of the Citizens Advice Bureau (1970 - 1978) \nVictorian Liberal and Country Party (1955 - 1962)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-dame-marie-freda-breen-politician-and-senator-for-victoria-in-the-federal-parliament-1962-1968-sound-recording-interviewer-amy-mcgrath\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marie-breen-interviewed-by-bernadette-schedvin-in-the-parliaments-bicentenary-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brookes, Mabel Balcombe", "Entry ID": "IMP0014", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brookes-mabel-balcombe\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Raveloe, South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Community worker, Political candidate", "Summary": "Mabel Balcombe Brookes, who worked for many charitable organisations, was acknowledged as a talented organiser and effective committee member. Her greatest contribution was as president of the Queen Victoria Hospital from 1923-1970. She was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1933 and as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 9 June 1955 for charitable and social welfare services.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Harry Emmerton, a solicitor who emigrated from England, and Alice Mabel Maude (n\u00e9e Balcombe), Mabel Balcombe Brookes was born in Victoria. She was educated mainly at home by her father and a series of governesses, after her mother withdrew her from kindergarten, worried that she was developing a bad accent. She spent a year at the family property, The Briars at Mt Martha, recovering from ill-health and while there developed an interest in Australian history and in Napoleon when he was exiled on St Helena. It was Mabel's maternal great-grandfather, William Balcombe, who had worked for the East India Company on the island of St. Helena and hosted Napoleon in his guest pavilion for two and a half months in 1815. In the later years of her life, Mabel would build on the family collection of Napoleonic memorabilia, eventually bequeathing the collection - comprising over 380 items - to the National Gallery of Victoria.\nMabel became engaged to Norman Brookes, a tennis player, who was the first Australian to win Wimbledon, at the age of eighteen, and married him in St Paul's Anglican Cathedral, Melbourne, on 19 April 1911. In 1914, with a baby daughter, she accompanied Brookes on his tennis trips to Europe and the United States of America. During World War I, in 1915, she joined her husband in Cairo where he was working as commissioner for the Australian Branch of the British Red Cross. She assisted in the establishment of a rest home for nurses. On her husband's posting to Mesopotamia, she returned to Melbourne in 1917. At this point she wrote three novels and continued to write on a variety of topics during her life.\nIn 1918 she served on the committee of the Royal Children's Hospital, then became president of the Children's Frankston Orthopaedic Hospital, the Anglican Babies' Home and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. She was also an original member and a divisional officer of the Girl Guides' Association executive committee, foundation president of the Institute of Almoners and of the Animal Welfare League. She was a member of the Australian Red Cross Society's federal executive and president of the Ladies' Swimming Association.\nMabel Brookes's major contribution was as president of the Queen Victoria Hospital from 1923-1970, where she presided over the addition of three new wings within ten years.\nDuring World War II the Brookes's home became a Red Cross convalescent home. The Brookes family lived in Elm Tree House and entertained Australian and American officers, including Lyndon Baines Johnson, later to become president of the USA. In a more practical contribution to the war effort, Mabel Brookes was commandant of the Australian Women's Air Training Corps and worked at the Maribyrnong munitions factory. She also attempted a political career by standing twice for parliament but was unsuccessful. She stood for the federal seat of Flinders in 1943 as a Woman for Canberra candidate and in 1952 for the state seat of Toorak for the Electoral Reform League.\nShe was appointed CBE in 1933 and DBE in 1955 for services to hospitals and charity. The French Government appointed her as Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur in 1960 in acknowledgement of her gift to the French nation of the pavilion which Napoleon had occupied on her great-grandfather's estate on St Helena. Monash University conferred on her an honorary LLD in 1967. A travelling scholarship for opera singers was established in her name. Both Sir William Dargie and Clifton Pugh painted her portrait.\nMabel Brookes published her Memoirs in 1974. She died at South Yarra on 30 April 1975, survived by her two daughters.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crowded-galleries-with-chapters-on-tennis-by-sir-norman-brookes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sale-catalogue-of-australiana-from-the-library-of-dame-mabel-brookes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brookes-dame-mabel-balcombe-1890-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-mabel-brookes-napoleonic-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-mabel-balcombe-brookes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-helena-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/riders-of-time\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/on-the-knees-of-the-gods\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/old-desires\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-idols\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-examination-and-assessment-of-the-dame-mabel-brookes-family-records-of-napoleon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sir-norman-brookes-1900-1914-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1924-may-31-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brookes-dame-mabel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/author-mabel-b-brookes-address-melbourne-title-of-work-old-desires-type-of-work-literary-work-applicant-mabel-b-brookes-date-of-application-5-oct-1922-date-copyright-registered-30-oct-1922\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brookes-mabel-mrs-correspondence-regarding-service-with-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/decorations-awards-dame-mabel-balcombe-brookes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/functions-and-visits-their-excellencies-sir-paul-and-lady-hasluck-in-victoria-dinner-in-honour-of-dame-mabel-brookes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/author-mabel-b-brookes-address-melbourne-title-of-work-old-desires\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-residences-house-guests-dame-mabel-brookes-july-1971\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burnside, Edith", "Entry ID": "IMP0015", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burnside-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker", "Summary": "Edith Burnside was acknowledged as a committed worker for charitable causes. She was educated at St Michael's Church of England Grammar School in St Kilda, Victoria, and married W K Burnside. They had two children; a son and a daughter. She was president of the Royal Melbourne Hospital Almoner Ambulance from 1952. She served on a number of committees, which included the Yooralla, the Lady Mayoress's, the National Gallery Society of Victoria, the Australia-Japan Society and the Australian Elizabethan Trust. She also served as president of the Prince Henry's Hospital Central Council of Auxiliary. She was appointed as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1976 for service to hospitals and the community.\nSource: Who's who in Australia 1983, p. 148.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buxton, Rita Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0017", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buxton-rita-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "Rita Buxton was interested in many philanthropic societies. She was closely associated with St Vincent's Hospital, serving as a member of the Advisory Council and as general president of all working committees. She was educated at Sacre Coeur in East Malvern, Victoria and married Leonard Raymond Buxton in 1922. They had three daughters. In recognition of her philanthropic services, she was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1955 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 14 June 1969.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Campbell, Kate Isabel", "Entry ID": "IMP0018", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/campbell-kate-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical scientist", "Summary": "In 1951 Dr Kate Campbell, a specialist in children's diseases, was the first person to prove the link between retrolental fibroplasia (a blindness in premature babies) and oxygen levels in humidicribs. She was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (Dames Commander) on 1 January 1971 for services to the welfare of Australian children. Along with Norman Gregg she was co-winner of the first Encyclopaedia Britannica award for medicine in 1964. Dr Campbell had previously been recognised for her services to medical science when appointed to the Order of the British Empire - Commander (Civil) on 1 January 1954.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Donald and Janet (n\u00e9e Duncan) Campbell, Kate Campbell was awarded scholarships to attend both the Methodist Ladies College and the University of Melbourne, where she obtained her Bachelor of Medicine (MB), Bachelor of Surgery (BS) in 1922 and Doctor of Medicine (MD) in 1924. Dr Campbell became resident medical officer at the Melbourne Children's and later the Royal Women's Hospitals. In 1927 she established a general medical practice and ten years later became a consultant paediatrician.\nDr Campbell was appointed medical officer to the Victorian Baby Health Centre's association, a position she held for over 40 years. She was also honorary paediatrician at the Queen Victoria Hospital (Melbourne) (1926-1965), consultant from 1965 and honorary paediatrician at the Royal Women's Hospital (Melbourne) from 1965. From 1929-1965 Dr Campbell lectured in neonatal paediatrics at the University of Melbourne. Together with Vera Scantlebury Brown and A Elizabeth Wilmot she wrote the Department of Health's Guide to the Care of the Young Child. In 1951, she wrote a paper on the cause of blindness in premature babies, for which she received worldwide recognition. A member of the Lyceum Club, Kate Campbell was also awarded an honorary LLD (Melbourne) in 1966.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-guide-to-the-care-of-the-young-child-infant-and-pre-school-ages-for-students-of-infant-welfare\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door-sixteen-modern-australian-women-look-at-professional-life-and-achievement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/campbell-dame-kate-isabel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scantlebury-brown-vera-1889-1956\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coles, Mabel Irene", "Entry ID": "IMP0020", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coles-mabel-irene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker", "Summary": "Mabel Irene Coles was associated with the Royal Women's Hospital for twenty-nine years, and was president from 1968-1972. She was appointed as Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1965 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 12 June 1971, for charitable services.\n", "Details": "Mabel Coles, the daughter of E Johnston, worked as a secretary at C J Coles before marrying Edgar Coles (later Sir Edgar), one of the five Coles brothers, in 1927. She had three children; a son Robert, and two daughters, Lois and Jennifer (Eldridge), seven grandchildren and two great grandchildren. Apart from her sustained commitment to the Royal Women's Hospital over a period of twenty-seven years, serving as its president from 1968-1972, and being associated with two $1,000,000 appeals, Dame Mabel Coles was patroness of the Family Planning Association of Victoria and Chairman of the Asthma Ladies Appeal Committee in 1965. She held the position of trustee of the Mayfield Centre from 1975-1989. Other charities and appeals for which she worked included Yooralla, the Berry Street Babies' Home, the Girl Guides, the Save the Children Fund and the Menzies Boys Homes. She was president of the Australian Women's Liberal Club in 1965. Her club memberships included the Alexandra Club, the Peninsula Country Club and the Frankston Golf Club. Her other recreational interests included dogs, horses and walking. Dame Mabel Coles died at Mount Eliza on 17 June 1993.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grand-dame-of-charity-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/debretts-handbook-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Couchman, Elizabeth May Ramsay", "Entry ID": "IMP0022", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/couchman-elizabeth-may-ramsay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Politician", "Summary": "Elizabeth Couchman, widowed after ten years of marriage, and without children, devoted her life to working in the public sphere. She was president of the Australian Women's National League from 1927 until 1945, when it merged to form the Liberal Party of Australia. She made three unsuccessful attempts to be pre-selected for the Senate. She eventually gained Liberal Party pre-selection for the safe Labor seat of Melbourne in the 1943 election, but was unsuccessful. She worked in the Liberal Party organisation as a member of the state executive and state council and served as Victorian vice-president of the party from 1949-1955. Her major contribution lay in providing a political base for women and increasing their role and effectiveness in political life. She was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1960 for public and patriotic services.\n", "Details": "Elizabeth Couchman was the daughter of Elizabeth Mary (n\u00e9e Ramsay), and Archibald Tannock, Confectioner. She grew up in Geelong, and was educated to matriculation level at the Girls' High School. She matriculated in 1895. After a period of teaching at the Methodist Ladies' College and Tintern, another independent girls' school, she moved to Perth in 1916 to complete a BA at the University of Western Australia, which offered free education. Her major interests were political science, constitutional law and economics.\nIn 1917, at the age of forty-one, she married businessman Claude Couchman, but had no children. He died ten years later. On his death she decided to devote the rest of her life to the pursuit of public interests, which included voluntary work and the duties of a Justice of the Peace. \nHer major focus however, was the Australian Women's National League (AWNL), a conservative women's organisation established in 1904 to support the monarchy and empire, to combat socialism, educate women in politics and safeguard the interests of the home, women and children. During the inter-war years it claimed 40,000 members and was the largest continuing non-labour organisation, but those numbers dwindled to approximately 12,000 by 1944.\nCouchman was elected president in 1927 as an acknowledgement of her political astuteness, knowledge and administrative skills. She was the first female to be appointed to the Australian Broadcasting Commission from 1932-1940, and was a member of the Australian delegation to the League of Nations in 1934.\nCouchman was influential in the formation of the Liberal Party of Australia in 1944, as the AWNL merged with the old United Australia Party to form the new organisation. She insisted on structural equality for women in the Liberal Party; in particular equal representation of women and men at all levels of the Victorian division, and was involved in establishing the branch structure of the party. She was a member of the state executive and state council and Victorian vice-president from 1949-1955.\nLike many politically active women of her generation, she was denied the opportunity to gain a safe seat in the national parliament. She sought pre-selection for the Senate on three occasions, but was unsuccessful. She eventually gained pre-selection to stand in the safe Labor seat of Melbourne in the 1943 election, but lost. Nonetheless, she mentored others such as Margaret Guilfoyle, who came after her and who was elected to the Senate in 1970. Couchman wanted women to be able to participate fully in the political process; to run for office and to do much more than the 'political housework'.\nShe was appointed as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1960 for public and patriotic services.\nDame Elizabeth Couchman died in Melbourne on 18 November 1982 at the age of 106.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/couchman-dame-elizabeth-may-ramsay-dbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-couchman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-place-women-and-politics-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-dolls-house-women-in-the-public-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-influence-the-first-fifty-years-of-women-in-the-liberal-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-national-league-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/couchman-dame-elizabeth-may-ramsay-1876-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-elizabeth-may-ramsay-couchman-1913-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dame-elizabeth-couchman-former-first-vice-president-of-the-libertal-party-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-and-history-1920-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Frost, Phyllis Irene", "Entry ID": "IMP0029", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frost-phyllis-irene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Physiotherapist, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Phyllis Frost (n\u00e9e Turner) is renowned for her commitment to women in prisons and to the environment. According to Jenny Brown in an article on Phyllis Frost in the Good Weekend, (24 April 1993) she was member, chairman or primary patron of forty-seven mainly charitable committees throughout Victoria and was known for her 'enormous capacity to get things done', to 'shear through red tape'. Her Christian philosophy of love your neighbour and treat others as you would like to be treated, together with the belief that it is only in helping others that the human spirit can achieve happiness and rest, underpinned her work. Educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College and the University of Melbourne, Phyllis Frost trained as a physiotherapist and returned later to university to study criminology in order to understand better the minds of female offenders. She worked to assist women in prisons with their diets and to keep their babies with them as they served their sentences. She started the 'Keep Australia Beautiful' campaign and was associated with the Freedom from Hunger Campaign for thirty years, twelve of which she served as the Victorian chairman and one as world chairman in 1969. She is patron of the Victorian Relief Committee and has been a member since 1963 and honorary life counsellor, Victorian Women's Prisons Council, since 1999. She was appointed as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1974 for outstanding service to community, having been appointed as Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1963.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frost-phyllis-irene-1917\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frost-dame-phyllis-irene-dbe-jp-community-worker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dont-let-australia-go-to-waste\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-good\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cardell-Oliver, Annie Florence Gillies", "Entry ID": "IMP0031", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cardell-oliver-annie-florence-gillies\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stawell, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "SubiacoSubiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Politician", "Summary": "Florence Cardell-Oliver became the first woman in Australia to be appointed to a cabinet or ministry when made Western Australian Minister for Health, Supply and Shipping in 1949.\n", "Details": "Born Annie Florence Wilson on 11 May 1876 at Stawell Victoria, to Johnston and Annie (n\u00e9e Thompson) Wilson, Florence (as she preferred to be known) married David Sykes Boydan and they travelled to England. Her husband died on 5 September 1902. Later she married Arthur Cardell-Oliver (15 December 1902), and they had two sons. The family migrated to Western Australia and Arthur Cardell-Oliver registered as a doctor in 1912.\nDuring the First World War Florence Cardell-Oliver spoke at recruitment meetings for the armed services. Her husband, an honorary captain in the Army Medical Corps Reserve, joined the Australian Imperial Force, and served in England before requesting his appointment be terminated. He then set up a medical practice in South Melbourne and retired in 1924 due to ill health. The family travelled to England where he died on 15 September 1929.\nFlorence Cardell-Oliver returned to Western Australia and became vice-president of the State Branch of the Nationalist Party. Defeated in 1934 for the House of Representative seat of Fremantle she was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly as the member for Subiaco. On 1 April 1947 she was appointed honorary minister without portfolio and on 5 January 1948 honorary minister for supply and shipping. Florence Cardell-Oliver became the first woman in Australia to attain full cabinet rank when she was appointed minister for health on 7 October 1949. She remained in these positions until the defeat of government in 1953 and retired in 1956.\nFlorence Cardell-Oliver died on 12 January 1965 in Perth and she is buried beside her husband (Arthur) in St Columb Minor churchyard, Newquay, England.\nShe was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (Dames Commander) on 3 June 1951 for service to the state of Western Australia as Minister of Health.\n", "Events": "Created Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) (1951 - 1951) \nHonourary Minister for Supply and Shipping, Western Australia (1947 - 1953) \nHonourary Minister of Health, Supply and Shipping, Western Australia (1949 - 1953) \nMember of the Legislative Assembly for Subiaco, Western Australia (1936 - 1956)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cardell-oliver-biography-of-a-politician\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-florence-cardell-oliver-a-study-of-a-parliamentarian\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cardell-oliver-dame-annie-florence-gillies-1876-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1936-1956-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-florence-cardell-oliver-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Herring, Mary Ranken", "Entry ID": "IMP0035", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herring-mary-ranken\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Hockey player, Sports administrator, Tennis player", "Summary": "In her biography on Dame Mary Herring, Della Hilton lists Dame Mary as being Patroness of the following organisations:\n\u2022 Aftercare Hospital\n\u2022 Victorian Women's Hockey\n\u2022 Australian Association O Group\n\u2022 Ministering Children's League\n\u2022 Spastic Children's Society\n\u2022 Victorian Association of Day Nurseries\n\u2022 Victorian Family Council\n\u2022 Save the Children Fund\n\u2022 Travellers Aid Society\n\u2022 Bush Nursing Association (Life Governor)\n\u2022 Royal Eye & Ear Hospital Auxiliaries\n\u2022 Royal Melbourne Hospital Auxiliaries\n\u2022 Tweddle Baby Hospital\n\u2022 Gentlewomen's Aid Society\n\u2022 Victorian Amateur Sports Council\n\u2022 RSL Women's Association Veterans Care Homes.\nMary Herring was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 11 June 1960 for service to nursing in Victoria.\n", "Details": "Dame Mary Herring, the daughter of Sir Thomas Ranken and Frances Clare (n\u00e9e Millear) Lyle, attended Toorak College between 1906 and 1912. Here she excelled both scholastically and at sport. In 1913 she entered Melbourne University as a medical student and continued to participate in sports obtaining Hockey and Tennis Blue. Graduating in 1921, she achieved first-class honours in all subjects, with a first in medicine and fourth in surgery. She won the Keith Levi Memorial Scholarship in medicine and the Sameson prize in clinical medicine (Hilton).\nOn 6 April 1922, she married Edmund Herring (later Lieutenant General, Honorary Sir and future Lieutenant Governor of Victoria) at Toorak Presbyterian Church. They had three daughters. From 1926 until 1945 Herring was medical officer for the Pre-Natal Clinic at the Prahran Health Centre. She also was chairman of Toorak College Council (1947-1971), as well as helping in coaching the college tennis teams. In 1943 (until 1953) Herring was vice-president of the Melbourne District Nursing and After Care Hospital, a society she joined in 1931.\nHerring became chairman of the Welfare Branch of the AIF Women's Association in 1940 and president from 1943 till 1946. Between 1946 and 1950 she was a foundation member and president of the Victorian Council Social Service. For 23 years (1946-1979) Herring was chairman of the Vera Scantlebury Brown Trust. Herring and Scantlebury Brown had attended Toorak College and were medical students at Melbourne University together.\nHerring also was an honorary member of the Soroptimist Club of Victoria, president (1962-1967) of the Australia Council of the Save the Children Fund, deputy president of the Victoria League 1945-1972, as well as vice-chairman of the British Commonwealth Youth Sunday Council. She was a member of both the Alexandra and Lyceum clubs as well as the Royal Melbourne Golf, Barwon Heads Golf and the Lawn Tennis Association of Victoria.\nBefore passing away Dame Mary Herring planned her funeral service requesting that no announcements be made until after she was buried. A small private service was held on 28 October 1981. The Mary Herring Hall at Toorak College is named in her honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-mary-the-story-of-dame-mary-herring-dbe-cbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ties-that-bind-a-history-of-sport-at-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bate, Zara Kate", "Entry ID": "IMP0036", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bate-zara-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Community worker", "Summary": "Zara Bate was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for devotion to the public interest on 8 June 1968.\n", "Details": "Zara Bate the daughter of Sydney Herbert and Violet (n\u00e9e McDonald) was educated at both Ruyton and Toorak Colleges, Melbourne. In 1925, aged 16, she established her first dress shop in Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Bate with a friend, later opened a salon, called 'Magg', in Toorak Village, Melbourne. The business was sold in 1976. Bate won the Australian Gown of the Year award, in 1961.\nFrom her first marriage to Colonel James Fell, Bate had three sons. She married her second husband Harold Holt, who was to become the 22nd prime minister of Australia, in 1946. After his disappearance in 1967, from a Portsea surf beach in Victoria he was presumed drowned, she married H. J. P. (Jeff) Bate on 19 February 1969. Mr Bate, a former Liberal politician and farmer, died in 1984.\nIn 1968 Dame Zara wrote a book titled My Life and Harry: An autobiography. Besides her charity work she enjoyed reading, walking, swimming and fishing. Dame Zara Bate passed away on 14 June 1989.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-federation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prime-ministers-wives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/my-life-and-harry-an-autobiography-dame-zara-holt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-harry-maurice-miller-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zara-holt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-zara-holt-1934-1977-bulk-1951-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-papers-of-dame-zara-holt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-papers-of-dame-zara-holt-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audio-visual-material-relating-to-harold-edward-holt-and-mrs-zara-holt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audio-visual-material-relating-to-harold-edward-holt-and-mrs-zara-holt-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-zara-holt-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-harry-m-miller-1958-2003-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dame-zara-bate-socialite-and-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kramer, Leonie Judith", "Entry ID": "IMP0037", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kramer-leonie-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Educator, Professor", "Summary": "Leonie Kramer was notable as an academic and public figure, particularly as Chairman of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation from 1982-1983 and professor of Australian literature at Sydney University from 1968, and later chancellor from 1991-2001. She supported conservative educational values in the face of progressive approaches and campaigned against the adoption of a republican form of government in Australia. She was appointed as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1982 for services to literature and the public.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Alfred and Gertrude Gibson.\nLeonie Kamer was educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, the University of Melbourne, where she gained a Bachelor of Arts in 1945, and Oxford University, where she gained a Doctor of Philosophy in 1953. During her postgraduate years at Oxford she tutored at St Hughes College. She married Harold Kramer in 1952, and produced two daughters.\nHer academic career blossomed with her appointment as lecturer in English in 1958, then later senior lecturer and associate professor in English at the University of New South Wales. She remained there until 1968 when she was appointed professor of Australian Literature at the University of Sydney. She was visiting professor at Harvard University's Chair of Australian Literature Studies from 1981-82.\nThe work of Henry Handel Richardson has been the major focus of her critical writing and she edited the Oxford History of Australian Literature1981, which argues the case for Australian literature as a branch of European literature. She also edited a number of publications on Australian Literature. Her list of publications is included in the Published Resources section.\nShe enhanced her public profile when she accepted the position of Chairman of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation from 1982-83, having served as a member of the ABC board from 1977.She served on a number of other boards and committees which included the Secondary Schools Board from 1976-82, the Council of the National Library from 1975-81, the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters from 1977-81, fellow of the Senate of the University of Sydney from 1969-74 and member of the Universities Council from 1977-86. Other appointments include serving on the boards of the ANZ bank and Western Mining Corporation, senior fellow of the Institute of Public Affairs and commissioner of the NSW Electricity Commission.\nIn 1986 she received the inaugural Britannica Award for the 'dissemination of learning for the benefit of mankind'. Other awards include an honorary DLitt from the University of Tasmania, an honorary LLD from both the University of Melbourne and the Australian National University. She was appointed OBE in 1976 and DBE in 1983.\nHer association with the University of Sydney continued with her appointment in 1989 as Deputy Chancellor and then in 1991 Chancellor, a position she held until 2001, when she resigned in controversial circumstances.\nShe upheld traditional educational values, and was a prominent member of the organisation called 'Australians for a constitutional monarchy' which was established in 1992 in response to growing republican sentiment and actively campaigned against a republican system of government for Australia when a referendum was held on the question in 1999.\nShe died at Elizabeth Bay on 20 April 2106.\nSources: 'Kramer, Leonie Judith', The Oxford Companion to Australian History, OUP, Melbourne, 2000; 'Kramer, Dame Leonie Judith (1924-'; The Australian Encyclopaedia, vol. 5, 6th ed., 1996; 'Kramer, Dame Leonie Judith', Who's who in Australia 2002.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kramer-dame-leonie-judith-1924\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kramer-leonie-judith-1924\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-d-hope\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-companion-to-australia-felix\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-handel-richardson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/myself-when-laura-fact-and-fiction-in-henry-handel-richardsons-school-career\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-anthology-of-australian-literature\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-history-of-australian-literature\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-kendall\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/language-and-literature-a-synthesis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/james-mcauley-poetry-essays-and-personal-commentary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dame-leonie-kramer-a-celebrated-academic-and-a-potent-conservative-voice\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-craig-mcgregor-1961-2005-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McEwen, Annie Mills", "Entry ID": "IMP0042", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcewen-annie-mills\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tongala, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Political activist", "Summary": "Annie McEwen, a country woman and wife of the deputy prime minister, John McEwen, was active in the Country Party and devoted her life to working for the public good. She was appointed as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1966 for public services.\n", "Details": "Annie McEwen grew up in country Victoria, the daughter of John McLeod, a farmer in Tongala, Victoria. She was educated at Girton Church of England Girls' Grammar School in Bendigo, Victoria. She married John McEwen on 21 September 1921 at Ballavoca, Tongala. They had no children. McEwen was an experienced farmer and with her husband, developed the soldier settler property. They sold it and bought others to eventually hold 3000 acres (1200 ha), in the Stanhope region. They succeeded in circumstances where others had walked off their blocks.\nAnnie McEwen was active in her local community and particularly in women's organisations such as the Country Women's Association and in the Country Party. She spoke at women's meetings and was a key organiser in the Country Party during the early stages of her husband's political career. She drove thousands of miles through Victoria to political meetings while her husband worked on his speeches in the back seat of his car. He was elected to the Federal Parliament in 1934 as member for Echuca. He later held the seats of Indi from 1937-1949 and Murray from 1949-1971, when he retired from politics. He became leader of the Country Party in 1958. \nWhen her husband, as Minister for Air from 1940, established the Women's Auxiliary Australian Airforce, Annie McEwen was one of the women who gained the use of a large Toorak home and named it WAAAF House. She was appointed as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1966, 'in recognition of many years of distinguished devotion to the public interest especially in country areas'.\nShe died on 10 February 1967, so was not alive to see her husband assume the prime ministership of Australia for three weeks after the disappearance of Harold Holt in December 1967.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wife-of-deputy-pm-dies-life-of-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcewen-sir-john-1900-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcewens-way\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/john-mcewen-anne-mcewen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sir-john-mcewen-1943-1980-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Curtin, Elsie", "Entry ID": "IMP0043", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/curtin-elsie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Cottesloe, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Elsie Curtin maintained an interest in social issues and politics throughout her entire life. Her work in these areas continued even after the death of her husband, Prime Minister John Curtain. For her service to the community, Elsie Curtin was appointed Commander to the Order of the British Empire (CBE) on 1 January 1970.\n", "Details": "The youngest daughter of Abraham and Annie Needham, Elsie was born in Ballarat on 4 October 1890. The family migrated to South Africa in 1898 and it was here Elsie received her education. At the age of 17, she joined the Social Democratic Federation in Cape Town, however in those early years, she maintained a strong commitment to the Methodist Church.\nThe family returned to Australia in 1908, settling in Hobart. She met John Curtin (Prime Minister of Australia, 1941-1945), the newly-appointed Secretary of the Victorian Timber Workers' Union, whilst he was in Hobart working on Labor's State Election campaign. The pair were married in Perth on 21 April 1917 and later had two children; Elsie Milda in 1917 and John Francis in 1921.\nElsie maintained an active membership in the Perth branch of the Labor Women's Organisation (LWO), which she had joined in 1917. In 1924, she became the founding Treasurer of the Fremantle branch and also served on the committee responsible for building the Cottesloe Infant Health Clinic and the Subiaco Choral Society, where she sang contralto.\nDuring John Curtin's prime ministership, Elsie spent time at The Lodge in Canberra, as well as maintaining the family home in Cottesloe and assisting with the electorate work in her husband's absence. She supported her husband in all aspects of his prime ministership and undertook many public engagements as his wife including launching ships, entertaining official visitors, attending diverse functions, and promoting the austerity campaigns and war loans. For almost four years, Elsie managed her duties in Canberra, electorate work in Fremantle, and two households on opposite sides of the continent, with the capable assistance of her daughter in Perth and Lodge housekeeper Mrs Pincombe in Canberra. Each year she lived for several months at The Lodge, scheduling as many official events as possible into these months. After her husband died in office on 5 July 1945, Elsie took part in public funeral services in both Canberra and Perth, aware of the widespread national mourning of the wartime leader.\nElsie was elected as the Western Australian President of the LWO in 1944; a position which she held until September 1946. She continued to maintain an active association in the proceeding years. During the war, Elsie had also been patron of the Cottesloe Surf Life-Saving Club and served on the Central Council of the Red Cross Society. In October 1949, she was a guest of the Chifleys at The Lodge while she was in Canberra for the ceremonial founding of the John Curtin School of Medical Research. Elsie was also a guest at The Lodge during Prime Minister Menzies administration, after a visit to New Zealand.\nIn 1955, Elsie became a Justice of the Peace and served on the Married Women's Court and as a visitor to Fremantle Gaol. She was also awarded life memberships of a number of organisations, including the Perth branch of the Association of Civilian Widows, the Royal Association of Justices, the Women's Justice Association and the Fremantle LWO. She was also a member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Cottesloe Women's Service Guild and was president of the Ship Lovers Society. In 1970, Elsie was appointed Commander to the Order of the British Empire for 'services to the community'.\nElsie Curtin passed away at Cottesloe on 24 June 1975.\n", "Events": "For 'services to the community' (1970 - 1970) \nLabor Women's Organisation (Fremantle Branch) (1924 - 1924) \nLabor Women's Organisation (Perth Branch) (1917 - ) \nLabor Women's Organisation (Western Australian) (1944 - 1946)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prime-ministers-wives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-matriarchs-twelve-australian-women-talk-about-their-lives-to-susan-mitchell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/john-curtin-elsie-curtin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/civil-engineering-branch-miss-e-curtin-farewelled\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-elsie-curtin-wife-of-the-former-prime-minister-mr-john-curtin-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hector-harrison-1915-1978-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-papers-of-prime-minister-curtin-correspondence-g-mrs-f-r-gale-gordon-branch-australian-labor-party-includes-poem-sent-to-mrs-elsie-curtin-by-dame-mary-gilmore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-papers-of-prime-minister-curtin-mrs-elsie-curtins-personal-file-includes-letters-sent-and-received-drafts-of-telegrams-list-of-callers-at-the-lodge-dec-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/subject-files-of-prime-minister-john-gorton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sir-frederick-samson-personal-film-videorecording-reel-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guild-silver-jubilee-dinner-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Myer, Margery (Merlyn) Baillieu", "Entry ID": "IMP0044", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/myer-margery-merlyn-baillieu\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "On 11 June 1960, Margery Merlyn Baillieu Myer was awarded the Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander in recognition of her charitable and social welfare work.\n", "Details": "The daughter of George Francis and Agnes (n\u00e9e Sheehan) Baillieu Margery Myer was born into one of Melbourne's leading stockbroker and real estate families. She attended Cromarty Girls' School, and the University of Melbourne. On 8 January 1920, aged 20, Merlyn became the second wife of Melbourne retail businessman Sidney Myer (later Sir Sidney). Originally named Simcha Baevski, Sidney Myer arrived in Australia as a penniless Russian immigrant. Myer was an entrepreneur, who founded a retail company that was listed on the Melbourne Stock Exchange during the 1920s.\nMichael Myer, in his address to the Annual General Meeting of Philanthropy Australia, on 13 April 1999, states that 'the most significant influence on his [Sidney's] life from the time they met was my grandmother, Merlyn, and their love for one another.' Merlyn divided her time between business and pastoral interests. She was a member of the Board of Management for the Royal Melbourne Hospital and a member of the National Council of the Australian Red Cross Society.\nAlong with her husband, Merlyn became a generous benefactor and she continued her involvement after Sidney's death in 1934. She was the motivation for the establishment of the Sidney Myer Music Bowl, in 1959, as a gift to the people of Victoria. The Bowl became the home for the Sidney Myer free concert series, which commenced in 1929 as free open-air concerts by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. The Orchestra had been founded with a grant given by the Myers to the University of Melbourne.\nIndividually Merlyn and Sidney Myer are credited with making significant contributions to the development of The Royal Melbourne Hospital. Dame Merlyn Myer's years of service to the hospital is acknowledged in the new education centre.\nThe Merlyn Theatre at the Malthouse theatre complex in Melbourne has been named in her honour to mark the generosity of the Sidney Myer Fund, The Myer Foundation and the individual members of the Myer family who supported The Malthouse conversion.\nThe couple's four children, Neilma (later Neilma Gantner), Sidney Baillieu (Bails) Marigold (later Lady Southey) and Kenneth (Ken) and their off-spring have continued with the family philanthropic tradition.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ever-open-door-a-history-of-the-royal-melbourne-hospital-1848-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-patriarchs-will-the-myers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parker, Marjorie Alice Collett", "Entry ID": "IMP0046", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parker-marjorie-alice-collett\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Dame Marjorie Parker was appointed to the Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander on 31 December 1976 for distinguished community service. She was first honoured for her charitable work in Launceston (Tasmania) with an MBE on 2 January 1950 and later an OBE on 16 June 1970. The City of Launceston granted her the 'Freedom of the City' in 1984.\n", "Details": "Born in Ballarat (Victoria), the daughter of W Shoppee, Marjorie attended Ballarat State School. She married Max Parker on 12 June 1926. They were to have one son.\nA keen gardener, Parker was deeply involved with community services. She was president and founder of a Launceston Creche, which was later named in her honour (The Dame Marjorie Parker Creche).\nFrom 1941 to 1969 she was an announcer and director of women's interests with 7EX Radio in Launceston. In 1954 Parker became the Public Relations Adviser for the Girl Guides Association, a position she held until 1968.Commencing in 1961, Parker was president and organiser of the Launceston Red Cross Meals on Wheels for ten years. During this time, she was also Northern Regional President of the Australian Red Cross Society of Tasmania Division (1965-1968). In 1964 (until 1971) Parker joined the State Executive of the Tasmanian Division of the Miss Australia Quest. In 1964 she became State Executive and Public Relations Officer of the Tasmanian Good Neighbour Council, a post she held until 1970. From 1964 until 1968 Parker was also the vice-president of the United Nations Association in Launceston.\nThe Society for the Care of Crippled Children made Parker a life member, in 1973. She had been an executive member of the Society for many years. In 1974, Parker was made a life member of the National Council of Australian Women of which she was deputy chairman from 1960 to 1964.\nMarjorie Parker was a member of the Royal Commonwealth Society, Victoria League (Launceston) of which she was President from 1966 to 1969 and the Soroptimist Club of Launceston. President of the Soroptimist Club in 1951, the Club awards the Dame Marjorie Parker Memorial Award each year.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reader, Audrey Tattie Hinchcliffe", "Entry ID": "IMP0048", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reader-audrey-tattie-hinchcliffe\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker", "Summary": "Audrey Reader was appointed to the Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander on 31 December 1987 for service to women's affairs and politics. On 1 January 1966 she was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (OBE) for community and social welfare work. Dame Audrey Reader (n\u00e9e Nicholls) married Reginald Reader on 21 February 1928 and they were to have one daughter. Her community memberships included: Freedom Coalition, Australia Free China Economic and Cultural Society and the Australian Human Rights Association. Dame Audrey enjoyed reading, writing and gardening and she was a member of the Royal Society of St George.\n", "Events": "Australian Convenor of the Migrating Standing Committee (1966 - 1972) \nExecutive Member of the Good Neighbour Council of Victoria (1958 - 1973) \nExecutive Member of the National Council of Women of Victoria (1958 - 1970) \nFederal Councillor of the Liberal Party of Australia (1955 - 1967) \nHonorary Member of the Good Neighbour Council of Victoria (1950 - 1989) \nHonorary Member of the National Council of Women of Victoria (1974 - 1974) \nHonorary member of the Victorian State Council of the Liberal Party of Australia (1981 - 1981) \nHonorary Secretary of the National Council of Women of Victoria (1964 - 1967) \nHonorary Secretary on the Australia Board of the National Council of Women (1967 - 1970) \nMember of the Liberal Party of Australia (1945 - 1989) \nMember of the National Council of Women of Victoria (1955 - 1989) \nMember State Executive of the Liberal Party of Australia (1951 - 1977) \nMetropolitan Vice-Present, Victorian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia (1962 - 1967) \nNational Secretary of the Appeal for Hall of Residence for Women Students for the University of Papua and New Guinea (1969 - 1973) \nRepresentative, Commonwealth Immigration Advisory Council (1971 - 1973) \nRepresented Australia at the International Council of Women Executive Meeting London (1967 - 1967) \nRepresented the Victorian State Government on the Consumer Protection Council (1965 - 1973) \nState Chairman of the Women's Section of the Liberal Party of Australia (1955 - 1958)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-audrey-reader-dame-community-worker-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Roberts, Joan Howard", "Entry ID": "IMP0049", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roberts-joan-howard\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Scientist", "Summary": "Joan Roberts was appointed to the Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander on 31 December 1977 for services to the handicapped. She had previously been appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1973.\n", "Details": "Joan Roberts joined the Yooralla Hospital School for Crippled Children committee of management in 1948 and became president in 1968. In 1977 the Yooralla Hospital School for Crippled Children and of the Victorian Society for Crippled Children and Adults amalgamated, to establish the Yooralla Society of Victoria. Roberts was president of the Society until 1978. From 1979 to 1987 she was a member of the executive committee of the Arthritis Foundation of Victoria.\nPrior to marrying Allen Roberts on 1 November 1937 and having three children, she was a biochemist from 1934 to 1937 at Prince Henry's Hospital, and a research biochemist at the University of Melbourne from 1931 to 1934.\nRoberts completed her secondary education at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, before obtaining a Master of Science from the University of Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Latham, Eleanor Mary (Ella)", "Entry ID": "IMP0051", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/latham-eleanor-mary-ella\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Lady Latham was president of the Royal Children's Hospital management committee from 1933 until 1954, and founding president of the Victorian Society for Crippled Children in 1936. On 1 January 1954, Lady Latham was appointed to the Order of the British Empire - Commander (Civil) for services to children.\n", "Details": "Named Eleanor Mary but always called Ella was the only child of teachers (Richard and Fanny (n\u00e9e Matthews) Tobin who taught at Northcote State School, in Victoria as well as being involved in Northcote community affairs. She was educated at University High and the University of Melbourne, from which she graduated in 1902 with an Arts degree.\nLatham worked as a teacher and in 1905 co-authored with Jessie Webb a poetry text Phases of Literature from Pope to Browning: prose and verse selections. On 19 December 1907 she married John Greig Latham (later Rt. Hon. Sir) and they had three children. Their eldest son died during the World War II and their daughter Freda died from complications of diabetes.\nIn 1912 Latham was a foundation member of the Lyceum club, a new club for women graduates and other women who had distinguished themselves in art, music, literature, philanthropy or public service. She became it's tenth president in 1925. She was also foundation president of the Hawthorn branch of the Children's Hospital auxiliary, in 1923, and was invited to join the committee of management, a position she resigned from in 1926. Latham rejoined the committee in 1932 and became president in 1933 (retiring 1954). During her term as president she guided the Children's Hospital through the transmission from a charity hospital to a teaching hospital.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-childrens-hospital-a-history-of-faith-science-and-love\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-charity-to-teaching-hospital-ella-lathams-presidency-1933-1954-the-royal-childrens-hospital-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phases-of-literature-from-pope-to-browning-prose-and-verse-selections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-howard-e-williams\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/latham-eleanor-mary-1878-1964\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-howard-e-williams-1878-1969-bulk-1907-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sir-john-latham-1856-1964-bulk-1890-1964-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-papers-1879-1971-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stevenson, Hilda Mabel", "Entry ID": "IMP0052", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stevenson-hilda-mabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Philanthropist", "Summary": "In recognition of her philanthropy and social welfare work, Stevenson was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1960, a Commander of the Order of the British Empire 8 June 1963 and a Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1968.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Hugh Victor McKay, the inventor of the combined harvester, Hilda Mabel was born at Ballarat and educated at Clarendon College and Presbyterian Ladies' College. Her first marriage was in 1916 to Cleveland James Kidd (deceased 1923), and in 1936 she married Colonel George Ingram Stevenson. They were to have one daughter.\nHilda Stevenson was for many years associated with the committee of management at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne. Dates conflict but it is suggested that she was a member of the committee from 1938, and served as vice-president from 1951-73. In 1958, she donated \u00a3100,000 for the establishment of a Chair of Paediatrics at the hospital, to be administered by the University of Melbourne.\nDame Hilda was a generous benefactor. She was founder and trustee of the Sunshine Foundation, which she chaired after the death of her brother Cecil. She gave significant sums to her alma mater, PLC, and to the Victorian Arts Centre as well as to the Children's Hospital and the University of Melbourne. She was a member of the Alexandra and Peninsula Golf Clubs as well as the Lawn Tennis Association of Victoria. In recognition of her philanthropy and social welfare work, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1960, a Commander of the Order of the British Empire 8 June 1963 and a Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1968. In 1973 she was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws by the University of Melbourne in recognition, according to the Sun, of her involvement with the institution for several decades and her gifts to university projects including the Florey Laboratories and International House.\nAn article in Woman's Day, 3 September 1979, quipped 'Dame Hilda's a Starter in a Race for Equality (but she doesn't want to be first across the line)'. Dame Hilda was, the magazine reported, the only woman member of the Victoria Racing Club to have full voting rights, but did not act on her entitlement to use the men-only bars and seating areas, saying 'I think the men deserve their domain': 'Equality is not one of her strong beliefs', said the magazine, '\"Men are just born different\", she says'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-childrens-hospital-a-history-of-faith-science-and-love\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-hildas-a-starter-in-a-race-for-equality-but-she-doesnt-want-to-be-first-across-the-line\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/person\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Deakin, Elizabeth Martha Anne (Pattie)", "Entry ID": "IMP0054", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deakin-elizabeth-martha-anne-pattie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camp Hill, Tullamarine, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "At age 19 in 1882 Pattie Browne married Alfred Deakin who became the youngest ever cabinet minister in Australia, in 1883. He was Prime Minister of Australia in 1903-1904, 1905-1908, and 1909-1910. Throughout her married life, Pattie devoted herself to her family and charity work, especially in the area of child welfare.\nAfter World War I, Pattie refused to accept an honour for her philanthropic work. Her husband Alfred Deakin also declined all honours and honorary degrees during his political life. But just prior to her death on 30 December 1934 Pattie accepted the award of the order of Commander of the British Empire (civil), which was awarded to her posthumously in January 1935.\n", "Details": "Pattie Browne was born at Camp Hill, Tullamarine Victoria on 1st January 1863. She was the eldest daughter and third child of the eleven children of Hugh Junor Browne and his wife Elizabeth Browne (n\u00e9e Turner). Born Elizabeth Martha Anne, she was always known as Pattie. Until the age of 12, Pattie was educated by a governess and then when the family moved to East Melbourne she attended Mrs Philippa James Grantown House. Although Pattie studied for her matriculation she did not sit the exam, and continued to learn music, singing and drawing after finishing school.\nPattie met Alfred Deakin in 1877 at the Victorian Association of Progressive Spiritualists Sunday School where he was a teacher. On 3 April 1882, at the age of 19, Pattie married barrister Alfred Deakin, son of William and Sarah Deakin (n\u00e9e Bill) who was a member of the Legislative Assembly for Victoria. There were three children of the marriage - Ivy (1883-1970) who married Herbert Brookes in 1905; Stella (1886-1976) who married (Sir) A. C. David Rivett in 1911; and, Vera (1891-1978) who married (Sir) Thomas W. White in 1920. Initially in her marriage, Pattie developed a close relationship with Alfred's only sister and confidante Catherine (Katie), but the relationship deteriorated.\nPattie was often ill and a poor traveller, even so she accompanied her eminent husband whenever possible and cared for him during his long illness. As her daughters established lives of their own, Pattie was able to devote more of her energy to public life, but always kept her family as the centre of her life. In 1907 in London, Pattie gave her first public speech after Lady Jersey, wife of a former governor of New South Wales asked her to address a gathering of a hundred women.\nPrior to this time in Melbourne Pattie was president and a most generous and active supporter, of the Victorian Neglected Children's Aid Society. She was a member of the very active committee of the Queen's Fund formed in 1887 (still operating in 2003, its purpose \"limited solely for the relief of women in distress\").\nIn 1907 Pattie chaired the nursery and kindergarten committee for the Australian Exhibition of Women's Work, held at the Exhibition Building. The exhibition was based on the cooperation of community workers and women writers, musicians and artists. The popularity of the model creche, which Pattie herself ran, helped afterwards in the establishment of the Association of Creches, and she became its first president. The Free Kindergarten Union was formed too in this way, Pattie becoming the first president. Proceeds from the Exhibition helped establish the Bush Nursing Association and Pattie became a member of the Committee. For 20 years Pattie worked actively in the Melbourne District Nursing Society as president and then was made a life vice-president. With her husband she helped establish the Guild of Play for Children's playgrounds, helping to provide play areas for children in the inner city suburbs. In 1909 she had gained her St Johns Ambulance certificate with honours and was presented with the insignia of an associate of St John of Jerusalem.\nIn 1912 Pattie was invited to be president of the Lyceum Club, a new club for women graduates and other women who had distinguished themselves in art, music, literature, philanthropy or public service.\nFrom 1915 until 1919 Pattie helped set up and run the Soldiers' Refreshment Stall or Anzac Buffet, at first in a bell tent outside the No 5 General Hospital in St Kilda Road Melbourne. It was staffed by volunteers for men leaving for, or returning from, the war. The depot 'in the first year provided comforts for 4000 soldiers a week in the matter of meals, clothing, motor trips, and monetary loans and gifts'.\nAfter World War I Pattie continued her philanthropic work; she was invited to be the first president of the Girl Guides and she became the only female member of the Australian Imperial Forces Canteens Fund Trust and trustee of the Sir Samuel McCaughey bequest for the education of the children of decreased or disabled soldiers. She held her position until her death in 1934, when her daughter Vera Deakin White took her place on these two Committees.\nAlfred Deakin retired from Parliament in 1913 due to ill health. Pattie cared for him during his long illness and he died in 1919. Pattie died at her much loved house 'Bellara' Point Lonsdale just before her 71st birthday and was buried beside her husband at the St Kilda cemetery.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfred-deakin-a-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prime-ministers-wives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfred-deakin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mystic-life-of-alfred-deakin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-from-stella-catherine-and-pattie-deakin-1909-1914-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alfred-deakin-1804-1973-bulk-1880-1919-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-catherine-deakin-1844-1958-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-suffrage-petition-1891\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-herbert-and-ivy-brookes-1869-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-martha-elizabeth-deakin-wife-of-alfred-deakin-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wedgwood, Ivy Evelyn Annie", "Entry ID": "IMP0057", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wedgwood-ivy-evelyn-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Ivy Wedgwood was the first Victorian woman to be elected to the Senate. She served as Liberal Senator for Victoria from 1950 to 1971, when she retired. Ivy Wedgwood was appointed to The Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander on 10 June 1967 for services to Parliament.\n", "Details": "Wedgwood was the first woman to chair a Senate Committee in 1968. From 1962 to 1971 Wedgwood was Temporary Chairman of Committees.\nThe National Library of Australia manuscript biography advises:\n\"She was a campaigner for improved facilities for handicapped people \u2026 and a was a member of the group that met in 1944 to found the Liberal Party.\"\nDame Wedgwood passed away in 1975.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wedgwood-dame-ivy-evelyn-annie-1896-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-ivy-wedgwood-1928-1972-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hallenstein, Phillipa May", "Entry ID": "IMP0061", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hallenstein-phillipa-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "In 1972, Phillipa Hallenstein was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to the community and to women's organisations.\n", "Details": "The following is an extract of the Appreciation Dinner Speech made by Dame Phyllis Frost AC, DBE, DSocSc (Hon) for the National Council of Women of Victoria Inc. on Thursday, 18 March 1993.\nPhilippa Hallenstein was the daughter of Mr and Mrs J Plottel who were a professional couple - her father an architect and her mother a doctor of medicine. After matriculating from Melbourne Girl's Grammar School in 1935 she was in residence at Janet Clarke Hall, University of Melbourne where she successfully completed a Law degree and later obtained a Master of Laws. Whilst at the university she was an active member of the University Ski Club. She completed her Articles with Hedderwick, Fookes and Alston and in 1943 was admitted to the Bar. During the Second World War, Australian women were Australian citizens and British subjects but our Nationality Act said that when an Australian woman married, she lost her Australian nationality and took the nationality of her husband. This created enormous difficulties for Philippa as she had met her future husband, Rolf Hallenstein and wished to marry. Her intelligence made her probe and research the situation and she discovered that Germany had withdrawn citizenship for Jews and this made Rolf a stateless person, so she was able to marry in 1943 and Rolf became an Australian citizen. Philippa took an active interest in organisations and was an elected member of the National Council of Women of Victoria (NCWV) for 21 years - 1958-1979. A remarkable and outstanding woman, devoted to the cause of mankind, she was a dedicated member of NCWV for more than 35 years, being a delegate for the Victorian Women Lawyers Society. Mrs Hallenstein was President of NCWV 1968-1971 whilst at the same time being Vice President of NCW Australia from 1968-1971. She gave generously of her talents to NCW worldwide as she was Convenor of the Laws Standing Committee NCWV, as well as Vice Convenor and then Convenor of that Committee Australia-wide. From 1979-86 she convened that Committee worldwide for the International Council of Women. She always supported NCWV and its work in rural Victoria and was instrumental in founding in founding the branch in Mildura (Sunraysia). Philippa always encouraged the branch members as well as the members of the Council in Melbourne to express their views and thoughts and so benefit all of the community and society. Her contribution was outstanding and she was elected an Honorary Life Vice President of NCWA in 1991 and up until her death she was a very supportive and loyal Honorary member of NCWV. Mrs Hallenstein also took an active interest and working role in being a member of the Council of the Melbourne State College, Victorian Post Secondary Education Committee, Board Member of the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital and a Member of the Fourth University Committee. She was a member of the UN Status of Women Committee, as well as being Foundation President of the Australian Local Government Women's Association Victoria in 1963 and with her long time friend Dame Phyllis Frost she was on the Victorian Women's Prison Council for 24 years. She also lectured in Forensic Pharmacy at the Pharmacy College for 6 years. Mrs Hallenstein was a keen and vocal supporter of women being able to serve on juries, married women having a share of property and women in local government. In between all these volunteer activities she was a ruthless bridge player and devoted to her game of golf, although she had earlier played tennis and hockey. Philippa was devoted not only to her delightful husband Rolf, but also her wonderful family, Hal (State Coroner Victoria), Colin who has worked around the world mining and daughter Josephine in Family Law. Philippa was a women who gave much encouragement to younger women to explore and express their talents and was always supportive of all women whether in the workforce or working voluntarily in the community. She will be remember as a truly remarkable, outstanding and supportive women who was ahead of her time.\n", "Events": "Convenor of the Laws and Status of Women Standing Committee for the International Council of Women (1979 - 1986) \nConvenor of the Laws and Suffrage Standing Committee for the National Council of Women of Victoria (1958 - 1973) \nConvenor of the Laws and Suffrage Standing Committee of the National Council of Women of Australia (1964 - 1979) \nPresident of the National Council of Women of Victoria (1968 - 1971) \nVice-convenor of the Laws and Status of Women Standing Committee for the International Council of Women (1979 - 1986) \nVice-President of the National Council of Women of Australia (1968 - 1971)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/valuing-the-volunteers-an-anthology-for-the-international-year-of-volunteers-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sit-down-girlie-obituary-phillipa-hallenstein\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-philippa-hallenstein-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Vera Scantlebury", "Entry ID": "IMP0065", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-vera-scantlebury\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Linton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Doctor, Medical practitioner, Paediatrician", "Summary": "Vera Scantlebury Brown, commonly known as Dr Vera, was appointed the first Director of Infant Welfare for the Victorian Department of Health in 1926. She remained dedicated to this position until her death. The position was only part-time due to her marriage, a custom of the time when it was considered that married women did not need to work outside the home. Vera Santlebury Brown was honoured with her appointment as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 9 June 1938 for her work in the fields of infant and maternal welfare.\n", "Details": "Vera Scantlebury, the daughter of George James and Catherine Millington (n\u00e9e Baynes) Scantlebury, was educated at Toorak College before entering medical school at the University of Melbourne. She graduated Bachelor of Medicine (MB) in 1914 and became resident medical officer at the Melbourne Hospital. Dr Vera then moved to the Children's Hospital in 1915, where she was appointed senior medical officer before leaving for England in 1917. In England she was attached to the Endell Street Military Hospital.\nDr Vera returned to Victoria in 1919 and worked in a variety of honorary positions including: honorary anaesthetist at the Women's Hospital (1920-1922), honorary clinical assistant at the Children's Hospital (1920-1924), Honorary physician and surgeon at the Queen Victoria Hospital (1920-1926) and medical inspector Church of England Girls' Grammar School (1920-1946). Dr Vera also was associated with the Victorian Baby Health Centres Association and the Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria. In 1921, Dr Vera was appointed part-time medical officer in charge of the city baby health centres and in 1924 she was became a doctor of medicine. In 1925, together with Dr Henrietta Main, she was sent by the Victorian Government to conduct a survey of the welfare of women and children in New Zealand and Victoria. Their report led to the establishment of the Infant Welfare Division in the Department of Public Health.\nDr Vera married University of Melbourne lecturer (later associate professor) Dr Edward Byam Brown on 18 September 1926, and they had two children. A month following her marriage she accepted the appointment of part-time director of the newly formed Infant Welfare Division. She remained in this position until her death. In 1937, following Dr Vera's report on infant welfare for the National Health and Research Council, the Commonwealth Government allocated 100,000 pounds for the benefit of pre-school children, from the Coronation Commemoration Grant. The Argus newspaper reported on 15 July 1946, in an article 'Death of Dr Vera Scantlebury Brown'\n'In 1938 the Australian Association of Pre-School Child Development was established, together with the Lady Gowrie Child Centres. The splendid preventive work carried out at these centres in all states was largely the result of Dr Scantlebury Brown's efforts. She received an OBE in 1938 in recognition of her distinguished work in preventive medicine.\n'In 1944 pre-school activities including payment of subsidies to free kindergartens were also placed under her supervision, and her vision and enthusiasm achieved a further success in 1945, when the State Government decided to bring under the Health Department the care of expectant mothers and all children to six years of age.'\nVera Scantlebury Brown died on 14 July 1946, after a long battle with cancer. She is buried in the Cheltenham cemetery.\n", "Events": "Appointed with Dr Henrietta Main, by the Victoria Government, to report on the welfare of Victorian women and children (1925 - 1925) \nAttached Royal Army Medical Corps, Endell Street Military Hospital, London, England (1917 - 1919) \nAwarded degree of doctor of medicine (1924 - 1924) \nDirector of Infant Welfare Victoria at Department of Public Health (1926 - 1946) \nHonorary Anaesthetist of the Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1920 - 1922) \nHonorary Clinical Assistant, Children's Hospital, Melbourne (1920 - 1924) \nHonorary physician and surgeon, Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne (1920 - 1926) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nMedical Inspector, Church of England Grammar School, Melbourne (1920 - 1946) \nPart-time medical officer in charge of city baby health centres (1921 - 1921) \nResident Medical Officer and Senior Medical Officer of the Children's Hospital Melbourne (1915 - 1917) \nResident Medical Officer of the Melbourne Hospital (1914 - 1915) \nResident Medical Officer of the Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1920 - 1920)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-guide-to-the-care-of-the-young-child-infant-and-pre-school-ages-for-students-of-infant-welfare\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pre-school-child-model-exhibit-of-sample-toys-and-occupations-for-children-of-different-ages-up-to-5-years-of-age\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-vera-scantlebury-brown\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/death-of-dr-vera-scantlebury-brown\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-childrens-hospital-a-history-of-faith-science-and-love\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/this-mad-folly-the-history-of-australias-pioneer-women-doctors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-vera-scantlebury-1889-1946-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scantlebury-brown-vera-1889-1946\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maternal-and-child-health-services-infant-welfare-reports\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dr-vera-scantlebury-brown-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maternal-and-child-health-services-infant-welfare-publications-and-resources\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maternal-and-child-health-service-infant-welfare-photographic-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scantlebury-brown-vera-1889-1956\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-and-memorabilia-of-vera-scantlebury-brown\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wickham, Tracey Lee", "Entry ID": "IMP0066", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wickham-tracey-lee\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rosebud, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Sports commentator, Swimmer", "Summary": "At the 1978 Edmonton (Canada) Commonwealth Games, Tracey Wickham broke the world record winning gold in the 800m and won a second gold in the 400m. Also that year she broke the world record in the 1500m and 400m freestyle.\nTracey Wickham was named the ABC Sportsman of the Year. She competed at the 1982 Brisbane Commonwealth Games winning gold in the 400m freestyle, 800m freestyle and silver in the 200m freestyle. Wickham was selected for the 1980 Olympic team but decided to withdraw when the Australian government asked for a boycott.\nWhen Wickham was appointed an Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) for her contribution to swimming, she was the youngest Australian to be awarded the MBE.\n", "Events": "Swimming - 400m and 800m Freestyle (1978 - 1978) \nSwimming - 400m and 800m Freestyle (1982 - 1982)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Alley, Diane Berenice", "Entry ID": "IMP0073", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alley-diane-berenice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Community worker, Human rights activist, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Diane Alley worked in a range of organisations to ensure that women gained equal opportunity in society and for the achievement of social justice for all members of the community, both in Australia and internationally. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1981 for her community work.\n", "Details": "Daughter of (Dr) Frederick Reginald Edward Duke and Eva Reeves, n\u00e9e Collins, Diane Alley was educated at Clarendon Presbyterian Ladies' College Ballarat, Victoria, Methodist Ladies' College Melbourne and Girton Church of England Girls' Grammar School Bendigo. She completed her tertiary education at the University of Melbourne where she gained a BA Honours in 1948. She later completed a Diploma of Criminology in 1976.\nShe married (Mr Justice) Stephen George Alley in 1949 and had four children; two sons and two daughters.\nApart from rearing her children, she devoted her life to working for equality for women and social justice for all. She held the position of president of the National Council of Women of Victoria from 1977 to 1980. She was convenor of Family Policy Sub-committee Victorian Consultative Council of Social Development from 1979 and member of the Fairlea Women's Prison Council. She was a member of the Victorian Premier's Equal Opportunity Advisory Council in 1978 and chair, National Status of Women Committee, United Nations Association of Australia (UNAA) from 1980. She was an honorary magistrate of the Children's Court from 1972. She travelled overseas to represent the National Council of Women (NCW) at conferences of the International Council of Women. From 1986 to 1994, she held the position of international convenor of the Child and Family Standing Committee of the International Council of Women. In 1993 Diane Alley received a testimonial from the United Nations Co-ordinator for the International Year the Family (IYF), designating her an IYF patron for exemplary support to the UN program on IYF. On her retirement from the Board of the Children's Protection Society in 1999, she was made a life vice-president, only the second since its formation in 1896.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nLady Gowrie Child Centre (1970 - ) \nNational Status of Women Committee, United Nations Association of Australia (UNAA) (1980 - ) \nWomen's Rights Action Network of Australia (1999 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alley-diane-berenice-obe-community-worker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-decade-of-mary-owen-dinners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1939-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1896-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ncwa-board-minute-books-and-ncwa-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackie, Margaret Alison", "Entry ID": "IMP0076", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackie-margaret-alison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Gynaecologist, Obstetrician", "Summary": "Born in Armadale, Victoria, in 1910, Margaret Alison Mackie was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College in East Melbourne. She later received her Bachelor of Medicine and a Diploma in Gynaecology and Obstetrics from Melbourne University before embarking on an impressive career in obstetrics and gynaecology. She later became a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and a Fellow of the Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. She was appointed a Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1975.\n", "Events": "First woman medical superintendent, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1940 - 1945) \nHonorary inpatient obstetrician, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1949 - 1970) \nHonorary outpatient gynaecologist, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1948 - 1948) \nHonorary outpatient obstetrician, Royal Women's Hospital and Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne (1949 - 1959) \nRegistrar, Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne (1938 - 1938) \nResident Medical Officer, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne (1937 - 1937) \nResident Medical Officer, Royal Melbourne Hospital (1936 - 1936) \nResident Medical Officer, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne (1939 - 1940) \nVera Scantlebury Brown Memorial Travelling Scholarship (1948 - 1948)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-mackie\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bush, Muriel Evelyn (Merle E)", "Entry ID": "IMP0078", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bush-muriel-evelyn-merle-e\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Merle Bush devoted over 50 years of her life to the Victoria Guide Movement. During that time she developed training programs for leaders in Victoria and interstate. In the New Year's Honours List for 1956, Bush was appointed an Officer of the British Empire (Civil) for her services to the Girl Guide Movement.\n", "Details": "Always known as Merle E Bush, she was named on her birth certificate as Muriel Evelyn Bush.\nMerle grew up with very good memories of life in the early days of Victoria, as both her grandfathers had 'Produce Stores' which supplied vast areas in the state of Victoria. Her paternal grandfather's store was in Bendigo and from there he supplied goods from Northern Victoria and Southern Riverina, using Paddle Steamers along the Murray from Echuca. On the other hand her maternal grandfather's store was situated in Bairnsdale and with the aid of a steam ship, which he built himself, called the J. C. D. he traded through the Gippsland Lakes and coastal ports to Melbourne.\nBush was educated at Girton, a Church of England Grammar School, where in 1915 she became the school's Head Prefect.\nHer involvement with the Girl Guide movement lasted nearly 60 years. She helped establish and was the first Guide Leader of the 1st Bendigo Guide Company. Later Bush organized Guide rallies to see Lord and Lady Baden Powell during their visits to the State of Victoria, as well as developing Camping and Training programmes.\nActing State Secretary for eight years, Bush was awarded the Chief Guide's Diploma for Training (the only one to be awarded in Australia) as well as becoming a life member of the State Council of the Victorian Girl Guide Association during the 1940s.\nFollowing her death in 1981 a new Trefoil Guild was formed in Bendigo and called the Merle Bush T.G. It was registered on June 18, 1981. \n(Source: information supplied by Guides Victoria archives)\n", "Events": "Accepted position of Acting State Secretary for 3 months (lasted for 8 years) (1939 - 1946) \nAn organiser and assessor of the first Guide International Service (Australian) Test prior to the women being selected to work with the displaced people in Europe and Malaysia (1945 - 1945) \nAppointed the first Camping Advisor for Victoria (1926 - 1926) \nAppointed the first Training Advisor for Victoria (1926 - 1926) \nAppointed the Head of Brownies in Victoria (1925 - 1925) \nAttended the first All Australian Camp for Leaders (1925 - 1925) \nAwarded Chief Guide's Diploma for Training (the first to ever be awarded in Australia) (1947 - 1947) \nAwarded the Medal of Merit - presented by the world Chief Guide, Lady Baden Powell (1930 - 1930) \nBorn: daughter of Samuel Albert and Nina Marie (nee Dahlsen) Bush (1897 - ) \nDied (1981 - 1981) \nDistrict Secretary (1923 - 1923) \nFirst Brownie Leader of 1st Bendigo Brownie Pack (1924 - 1924) \nFirst Guide Leader of 1st Bendigo Guide Company (1922 - 1922) \nFirst Ranger Captain of 1st Bendigo Ranger Company (1927 - 1927) \nFounded Guiding in Bendigo (1922 - 1922) \nGained first Training Diploma (Blue Cord) (1924 - 1924) \nGained the Campers Licence (1923 - 1923) \nHead Prefect, Church of England Grammar School, Girton (1915 - 1915) \nHonorary Secretary at the first Federal Trainers Conference (1948 - 1948) \nHonorary Secretary for Bendigo Local Association (1923 - 1923) \nHonoured by Her Majestry the Queen with the Order of the British Empire. Presented with her award at Buckingham Palace. (1956 - 1956) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nInstituted training by correspondence for country Leaders (1926 - 1926) \nLife Member of the State Council of the Victorian Girl Guide Association (1940 - 1940) \nNominated for special leadership training at the First Victorian Training Week (1923 - 1923) \nOrganized a Rally for guides to get together and meet the Chief's - Lord and Lady Baden Powell during this visit to Australia (1930 - 1930) \nOrganized a rally for the Guides of the time to see Lord and Lady Baden Powell during their visit to the State of Victoria (1935 - 1935) \nVisited Queensland as an experienced Trainer and gained further training qualification (Red Cord) for service beyond her own State (1927 - 1927) \nVisited South Australia to help reorganise that State's Training Department (1945 - 1945) \nWorked with the other States particularly South Australia and Queensland to develop Camping and Training programmes (1940 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Archer, Mary Ellinor Lucy", "Entry ID": "IMP0095", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archer-mary-ellinor-lucy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian", "Summary": "Mary Archer was CSIRO's first woman scientist, and chief librarian from 1923-1954. She was appointed MBE - The Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) - 2 January 1956 for her work as the CSIRO's chief librarian.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archer-mary-ellinor-lucy-1893-1979-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archer-mary-ellinor-lucy-1893-1979-librarian-and-scientist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bage, Anna Frederika", "Entry ID": "IMP0096", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-anna-frederika\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Biologist, Sports administrator", "Summary": "Anna Bage was a talented scientist who worked her way through the junior ranks of the Department of Biology at the University of Melbourne to became a forerunner of women in public life in Queensland to where she moved in 1914 to take up the position of lecturer in charge of biology in 1913. In 1914 she became principal of the Women's College, a position she held for the next 32 years. She was committed to the cause of encouraging women to become tertiary educated and travelled widely throughout Queensland to promote her college to rural communities. She was a member of many women's interest groups, and played a lead rolein the formation of the Queensland Women Graduates' Association (later the Queensland Association of University Women). She was president of the Australian Federation of University Women in 1928-29.\nAnna Bage's interests were many and varied. A nature lover, patron of the arts and motoring enthusiast, Bage was also a member of several women's sporting associations. She managed the first hockey team in Australia to travel interstate, from Melbourne to Adelaide in 1908, and was president of the Queensland Women's Hockey Association in 1925-31.\nShe was appointed OBE - Officer of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 12 June 1941 for public service.\n", "Events": "Appointed Office to the Order of the British Empire (1941 - 1941) \nAwarded the McBain Research Scholarship (1907 - 1907) \nAwarded the Victorian Government Research Scholarship (1908 - 1908) \nConferred an honorary doctorate of laws by the University of Queensland (1951 - 1951) \nFinal honour scholarship in Biology (1906 - 1906) \nGraduated BSc from the University of Melbourne (1905 - 1905) \nGraduated MSc with second-class honours from the University of Melbourne (1906 - 1906) \nJunior demonstrator in biology at the University of Melbourne (1906 - 1909) \nMember of the National Council of Women of Queensland Recruiting committee (1917 - 1917) \nMember of the Senate at the University of Queensland (1923 - 1949) \nPresident of the Australian Federation of University Women (1928 - 1929) \nPresident of the Field Naturalists' Club (1915 - 1915) \nPresident of the Lyceum Club, Brisbane (1922 - 1923) \nPresident of the Queensland Women's Hockey Association (1925 - 1931) \nPresident of the Women of the University's War Work Group at the University of Queensland (1914 - 1918) \nPresident of the Women of the University's War Work Group at the University of Queensland (1939 - 1945) \nPresident of the Women's Club, Brisbane (1916 - 1916) \nPrincipal of the Women's College at the University of Queensland (1914 - 1946) \nResearch student at King's College, London (1910 - 1911) \nSenior demonstrator in biology at the University of Melbourne (1912 - 1912) \nSenior lecturer in biology at the University of Queensland (1913 - 1913) \nSubstitute delegate to the League of Nations Assembly, Geneva (1926 - 1926) \nSubstitute delegate to the League of Nations Assembly, Geneva (1938 - 1938)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-anna-frederika-1883-1970-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-anna-frederika-freda-1883-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anna-frederika-bage-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anna-frederika-bage-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anna-frederika-bage-records-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bage-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barrett, Edith Helen", "Entry ID": "IMP0097", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barrett-edith-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Emerald Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Edith Barrett ran a small general practice in Melbourne but devoted her energies to voluntary work concerning the health and welfare of women and children. She founded the Bush Nursing Association in 1910 with her brother James and was associated with the Red Cross from 1914-1937. She was appointed OBE - Officer of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 15 March 1918 for her work with the Red Cross Society. She was also appointed CBE - Commander of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 24 May 1918 for her work with the Red Cross Society.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barrett-edith-helen-1872-1939-medical-practitioner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barrett-edith-helen-1872-1939-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-helen-barrett-1872-1939\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-helen-barrett-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-helen-barrett-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-helen-barrett-records-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Doherty, Muriel Knox", "Entry ID": "IMP0104", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-muriel-knox\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse educator, Nursing administrator", "Summary": "Muriel Knox Doherty began nursing in 1921 at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, and set up the first preliminary training school at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 1933-1937. In her capacity as matron-in-charge she was the first nurse appointed to the rank of squadron leader in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), where she inaugurated the Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service. After World War II she worked with displaced persons at Bergen Belsen concentration camp, as a member of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. One of four founders of the New South Wales College of Nursing in 1949, she was also instrumental in the establishment of the Civilian Nursing Services Bureau, and co-authored the first Australian text book for nurses, Modern Practical Nursing Procedures, 1944. She was awarded the Royal Red Cross Medal (1st Class) in 1945 for her work in the RAAF Nursing Service.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/off-the-record-the-life-and-times-of-muriel-knox-doherty-1896-1988-an-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-life-and-times-of-royal-prince-alfred-hospital-sydney-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-from-belsen-1945-an-australian-nurses-experiences-with-the-survivors-of-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lifework-heroes-of-australian-health\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-muriel-knox-1896-1988-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-muriel-knox-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-muriel-kuox\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/story-of-the-raaf-nursing-service-1940-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-muriel-knox-doherty-1939-circa-1952-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-muriel-k-matron-b-1896-d-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-muriel-knox-rrc-matron-aans-and-raaf-nursing-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kerley, Lucy Frances", "Entry ID": "IMP0106", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerley-lucy-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Research scientist", "Summary": "Lucy Kerley was a research scientist in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Melbourne 1953-1969. She was appointed MBE - Member of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 1 January 1974 for her work with the National Gallery Art School.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerley-lucy-frances-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kerley-lucy-frances-1908-1996-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Millis, Nancy Fannie", "Entry ID": "IMP0112", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/millis-nancy-fannie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Microbiologist", "Summary": "Nancy Millis was Professor of Microbiology at the University of Melbourne 1982-1991. She received a Bachelor of Agricultural Science in 1945, a Master of Agricultural Science in 1948 and a Doctorate in Science (Hon) in 1993, all from the University of Melbourne. She was awarded a Boots Research Scholarship in the UK and used it to study at the University of Bristol where she received a PhD in 1952.\nShe returned to work as a demonstrator in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Melbourne in 1952 and was originally appointed as a lecturer in that department in 1956 following the award of a Fulbright travel grant in 1954.\nNancy Millis was one of the pioneers of the study of fermentation technology in Australia. When she returned from Bristol in 1951 she had hoped to put her expertise to good effect; she had hoped to work for Carlton United Brewery, but at that time they did not employ women in their laboratories.\nMillis was appointed MBE - Member of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 31 December 1976 for her work in biological sciences and education. She was also appointed AC - Companion of the Order of Australia - 11 June 1990.\n", "Details": "Professor Millis was a microbiologist of international repute who made enormous contributions in agriculture, environmental protection, medicine and engineering. Nancy Millis she was also a leader in environmental management. As a researcher she was aware early of the importance of clean water and developed techniques to treat industrial wastewater.\nMillis was Chair of the Victorian Government's Water Strategy Committee advising on the supply and use of water for the Melbourne area. She was the Chairman of the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment from 1995 until it ended in 2008. In 1977, she became a Member of the British Empire (MBE) and in 1990 was made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2003 - 2003)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nancy-millis-pioneer-of-fermentation-technology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-professor-nancy-millis-conducted-by-ms-sally-morrison-on-21-february-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nancy-millis-microbiology-boots-and-all\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/millis-nancy-fannie-1922-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ragbir-singh-bhathal-1949-2006-bulk-1996-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sage, Annie Moriah", "Entry ID": "IMP0114", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sage-annie-moriah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Somerville, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "During Annie Sage's distinguished military nursing career in World War II she introduced the Australian Army Medical Women's Service Training Scheme and was closely involved in the planning and establishment of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps as an integral part of the Australian Regular Army and the Citizen Military Forces.\nAfter the war she took an active and leading role in the establishment of the War Nurses Memorial Centre and the Centaur War Nurses Fund. Through her work with the (Royal) College of Nursing she made a very important contribution to postgraduate nursing education. She was also active in the negotiations that brought about the 1958 Nurses' Act which gave wider power to the registering authority, the Victorian Nursing Council. She was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her war work with the Australian Army Nursing Service in the Middle East in 1942 (for 'exceptional tact and administrative ability') and she was awarded the CBE (Military Division) in 1951.\n", "Events": "Accompanied the Australian Military Forces to London for the Victory March (1946 - 1946) \nAppointed a member of the Royal Red Cross (1942 - 1942) \nAwarded Florence Nightingale medal (1947 - 1947) \nBecame a partner in a grocery shop at Somerville, Victoria (1956 - 1956) \nBorn: daughter of Edward Arthur and Mary Anne (n\u00e9e Murray) Sage (1895 - 1895) \nCollege of Nursing established the Annie M Sage scholarship (1969 - 1969) \nDied and was cremated with Anglican rites with full military honours (1969 - 1969) \nFlew to Sumatra to assist with the repatriation of the 24 Australian nurses imprisoned by the Japanese (1945 - 1945) \nFounding president of the College of Nursing, Melbourne (1949 - 1950) \nGranted her nursing certificate (1926 - 1926) \nHonorary colonel of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps (1957 - 1962) \nHonorary fellow of the College of Nursing, Melbourne (1967 - 1967) \nLady Superintendent of the Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria (1947 - 1951) \nMation-in-Chief of the Australian Military Forces (1943 - 1952) \nMatron of the Victorian Baby Health Centres Association Training School (1936 - 1939) \nMatron-in-Chief of the Australian Imperial Forces (1941 - 1941) \nMember of the Australian Army Nursing Service (1939 - 1947) \nPromoted to colonel (1943 - 1943) \nRegistered as a midwife (1924 - 1924) \nSailed for the Middle East and served at Gaza Ridge, Palestine, and at Kantara, Egypt (1940 - 1940) \nTreasurer of the College of Nursing, Melbourne (1950 - 1952)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/matron-a-m-sage-sammie-a-tribute-by-betty-jeffrey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-coolies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/revolutions-and-rosewater-the-evolution-of-nurse-registration-in-victoria-1923-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/founders-of-the-college\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-pursuit-of-nursing-excellence-a-history-of-the-royal-college-of-nursing-australia-1949-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorias-living-memorial-history-of-the-nurses-memorial-centre-1948-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sage-annie-moriah-1895-1969-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sage-annie-moriah-1895-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ever-open-door-a-history-of-the-royal-melbourne-hospital-1848-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sage-annie-moriah-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-war-the-exceptional-life-of-wilma-oram-young-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annie-moriah-sage-portrait\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annie-moriah-sage-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sage-annie-moriah-matron-b-1895-d-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sage-annie-moriah-colonel-rrc-cbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sage-annie-moriah-pay-ledger-and-history-cards-4-allotment-cards-3-tax-deduction-cards-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-a-m-sage-honour\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/campaign-in-malaya-and-singapore-escape-before-and-after-capitulation-and-evacuation-of-civilians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honours-and-awards-recommendations-for-new-year-honours-list-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/end-of-war-awards-submissions-by-quartermaster-general-and-director-general-of-medical-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-nurses-who-were-former-prisoners-of-war-pows-ob-board-the-hospital-ship-manunda-on-its-arrival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-annie-m-sage-matron-in-chief-of-the-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-1942-1952-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sweet, Georgina", "Entry ID": "IMP0115", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sweet-georgina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canterbury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Philanthropist, Women's rights activist, Zoologist", "Summary": "Georgina Sweet was Australia's first female Acting Professor (Biology, University of Melbourne, 1916-1917). She was Associate Professor of Zoology at the University of Melbourne from 1920 to 1924. Sweet's research included the zoology of Australian native animals and the parasites infesting Australian stock and native fauna. She was appointed OBE - Officer of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 3 June 1935, for services to women's movements.\n", "Details": "Georgina Sweet was born in Brunswick, Melbourne, the eldest daughter of George Sweet and his wife Fanny (n\u00e9e Dudman). Both parents were born in England. George was a tradesman and later ran the Brunswick Brick, Tile and Pottery Company.\nGeorgina Sweet was the University of Melbourne's first female Associate Professor. She was a member of the Royal Society of Victoria and the Australian Association for Advancement of Science. She was highly intelligent and ambitious enough to use her talents. She won the University of Melbourne's MacBain scholarship and completed her Bachelor of Science, then a Masters and finally her Doctorate in 1904. Though Sweet reportedly never felt disadvantaged by her sex, she was a strong supporter of women's rights. She pushed for the admission of women to the University senate and worked to establish the University Women's College. She served as Australian president of the YWCA (1927-1934); vice-president of the world YWCA from 1934; foundation member of the Victorian Women Graduates' Association; and first president of the Pan-Pacific Women's Association (1930).\nHaving inherited some wealth from her father, Sweet's philanthropic gifts were largely directed toward the University of Melbourne and the Methodist Church. Publicity material from the University states that Sweet left 'a generous bequest to endow fellowships in geology, zoology and medicine'. In fact, her original gift of \u00a322,500 is now worth over half a million dollars to the institution with a further $200,000 in accumulated income. The Georgina Sweet bursary in social studies was established in 1946, the year of her death, in her memory.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/georgina-sweet-a-brilliant-career\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sweet-georgina1875-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dr-georgina-sweet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sweet-georgina-1875-1946-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garden-parties-and-politics-the-victorian-womens-graduate-association-1920-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sweet-georgina-1875-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/georgina-sweet-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-jessie-stobo-watson-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chomley, Mary Elizabeth Maud", "Entry ID": "IMP0133", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chomley-mary-elizabeth-maud\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist", "Summary": "Mary Chomley, daughter of Judge Chomley of 'Dromkeen' at Riddell's Creek, worked for the Red Cross Society and contributed to the struggle for the equality of women both in Victoria and in England. She was secretary of the Australian Exhibition of Women's Work in 1907. She assumed the position of foundation state secretary of the Victoria League from 1909-1914, and maintained her membership until her death in July 1960. In London during, she worked at the Princess Christian's Hospital for Officers from 1915-1916 and was secretary of the Prisoners of War branch of the Australian Red Cross, London, from 1916-1919. She was appointed as Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 15 March 1918 for her contribution to the Red Cross Society. Whilst in London after World War I, she was a member of the delegation appointed by the British Government to report on working conditions for women and the opportunities for female migrants to Australia in 1919-1920, and Australian representative on the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women. From 1925 until 1933 she was president of the women's section of the British Legion, Virginia Water, Surrey, England. Violet Teague, one of Australia's internationally recognised artists at the turn of the nineteenth century, painted Mary Chomley's portrait in 1909.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/death-of-noted-war-worker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chomley-mary-elizabeth-1871-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/violet-teague-1872-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MacKinnon, Eleanor Vokes Irby", "Entry ID": "IMP0134", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinnon-eleanor-vokes-irby\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tenterfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Red Cross leader", "Summary": "Eleanor MacKinnon, a foundation honorary secretary to the New South Wales Division of the Australian branch of the British Red Cross Society in August 1914, remained a member of the state executive and finance committees and a delegate to the central council until her death in 1936. After her marriage to physician Roger MacKinnon in 1896, and the birth of their two sons at Warialda, they moved to North Sydney in 1903. Eleanor MacKinnon was involved in a range of activities, which included learning to paint and membership of a number of benevolent and political societies. Her major contribution was to the Red Cross Society and she founded the world's first Junior Red Cross division, with its motto, 'the child for the child' and remained its honorary director until 1935. In addition she created the Red Cross Record in 1914, editing it for twenty-one years, the Junior Red Cross Record in 1918 and compiled the Red Cross Knitting and Cookery books. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil), in 1918, for her contribution to the Red Cross Society. Subsequently she visited the headquarters of the League of Red Cross Societies in Paris in 1925, and from 1925-1926 worked to reconstruct the Red Cross in Australia for a peace time role. She was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal in 1935 in recognition of her contribution to hospitals and health care in Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-war-workers-gazette-a-record-of-organised-civilian-war-effort-in-new-south-wales-compiled-for-the-benefit-of-the-war-chest-fund-january-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinnon-eleanor-vokes-irby-1871-1836\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lilies-of-france-and-other-poems\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burke, Frances Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0137", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burke-frances-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Businesswoman, Designer", "Summary": "Frances Mary Burke was appointed as a Member of the British Empire on the 1 January 1970 for her contribution to art and design. In 1937 she established with fellow graduate Morris Holloway Australia's first registered textile printery - Burway Prints. The Frances Burke Textile Resource Centre at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology was named in her honour. The centre now forms part of the RMIT Design Archives.\n", "Events": "Chairman of the Course Advisory Committee in Textile Design at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) (1980 - 1983) \nCommissioned to design fabrics for first Australian Embassy Washington, USA (1942 - 1942) \nCouncil member at the Museum of Modern Art and Design Australia (1958 - 1966) \nDirector of Arts Honoris Causa at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) (1987 - 1987) \nExhibiting member of the Arts and Crafts Society (1940 - 1940) \nFoundation council member of the National Printery Council (1968 - 1968) \nFoundation member of the Contemporary Arts Society (1938 - 1938) \nFoundation member of the Industrial Design Institute of Australia (now Design Institute of Australia) (1958 - 1958) \nFoundation member of the Society of Industrial Designers (1947 - 1947) \nFounded Burway Prints, the first registered textile screen printery in Australia (Frances Burke Fabrics Pty Ltd) (1937 - 1937) \nMember of council at University College Melbourne (1977 - 1981) \nPresident of the Arts and Crafts Society (1968 - 1971)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-study-of-the-work-of-dr-francis-mary-burke-mbe-textile-designer-with-particular-reference-to-the-development-of-printed-textile-design-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/francis-burke-fabrics-department-of-fashion-textile-design-rmit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-the-night-poems-by-maie-casey-drawings-by-frances-burke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frances-burke-fabrics-1937-1965-gerry-wedd-and-mambo\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/exclusive-hand-prints\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/designer-who-did-it-her-way\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-fabric-of-a-society-review\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-as-designers-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burke-frances\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-frances-burke-c1940s-c1960s-frances-mary-burke\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "White, Vera Deakin", "Entry ID": "IMP0139", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-vera-deakin\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker", "Summary": "Vera White (n\u00e9e Deakin) the daughter of Australian Prime Minister Alfred Deakin and his philanthropic wife Pattie was appointed an Officer of the British Empire for her work with the Red Cross during the First World War. She received her award on 15 March 1918.\n", "Details": "Vera Deakin was born at \"Llanarth\" South Yarra, the youngest of the three daughters of Alfred and Pattie Deakin. She was educated first by her aunt - Catherine (Katie) Deakin who was an accomplished pianist. Vera then attended the Melbourne Church of England Girl's Grammar School. She also studied the 'cello and singing'. In 1913 she travelled with her aunt as chaperone to Berline and Budapest where she was a student at the Singing School and conservatorium of Music.\nDuring World War I, in 1915 with Winifred Johnson, she sailed to Cairo and set up, organised and administered the 'Wounded and Missing Enquiry Bureau' of the Australian Red Cross Society. In 1916, when Australian troops were sent to the Western Front, Vera and Winifred sailed to London, Vera with assistance of many Australian and English women including Lilian Whybrow (later Scantlebury) transferred the Bureau of London.\nVera was awarded the OBE for her work. This was the first ever civilian list. She worked there (voluntarily) until 1919 when she became engaged to Captain T W White of the Australian Flying Corps (the only Australian to have escaped from a Turkish prisoner-of-war camp). In 1919 she returned home to Melbourne as her father was ill, he died in October 1919.\nThomas White and Vera Deakin were married in March 1920, there were four daughters of the marriage - Lilian (Bennett) 1921-2002, Patricia (Sharp) 1923-, Shirley (Wadman) 1925-, Judith (Harley) 1929-.\nFrom 1929 Thomas White was a Federal member of Parliament. His wife Vera did a great deal for the constituents of his electorate (Balaclava, now Goldstein), particularly when her husband was overseas in the RAAF in World War II.\nBesides caring for her daughters, Vera was from 1931-39 a very active member of the Board of Management of the (Royal) Children's Hospital and President of the Auxiliaries. She help to found with (Lady) Ella Latham the Victorian Society for Crippled Children and Adults at the of the polio epidemic. Later she became president 1961-66, then Vice-president in 1966 and worked on their committees until she was in her late 80's. She was a member of the Limbless Soldiers Melba Welfare Trust from 1930. In 1935 she took her mother Pattie Deakin's place as Trustee of the Sir Samuel McCaughey Bequest for the education of the children of deceased or incapacitated soldiers. She was the founder and President of The Anzac Fellowship of the Women of Victoria from its inauguration in 1935 until the 1950's and then again from the 1960's until her death. She was for many years on the Council of the Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School.\nPrior to World War II she helped the Victorian Division of Red Cross organise Emergency Training Groups and helped put in motion the mobilisation plans is 1939 all over Victoria. She with Lilian Scantlebury were Divisional Commandants and Honorary Directors of the Inquiry Bureau, as well as the Prisoner of War Department and Message Service to Occupied Europe from 1939-46. She was Vice-Chairman of the Society from 1949-51when she went to London when her husband was appointed Australian High Commissioner in London. While in London she was on the Council for the Care of Cripples and represented Australian Red Cross at conferences. With her husband she promoted and supported the Australian Musical Association in London, and she and her husband were instrumental in the appointment of the first Social worker at Australia House.\nSir Thomas died in 1957 in Melbourne and Vera again became involved with Red Cross as a member of the Committee of the Red Cross Welfare Service and the first Chairman of the Committee for Music in Mental Hospitals. She also became patron of the Astra Music Society at its inception.\nShe died at her home in South Yarra aged 87 in 1978 and was cremated.\nThis entry was researched and written by Judith Harley, the youngest daughter of Vera Deakin White. Sources used to compile this entry: Australian Dictionary of Biography vol. 16 p. 535, Deakin papers at the National Library, family papers and Who's Who in Australia 1977.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unsung-heroes-australias-military-medical-personnel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-vera-deakin-1891-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alfred-deakin-1804-1973-bulk-1880-1919-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-from-stella-catherine-and-pattie-deakin-1909-1914-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ross, Isabella Younger (Isie)", "Entry ID": "IMP0140", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ross-isabella-younger-isie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "On 9 June 1938, Isabella Younger Ross was awarded the Order of the British Empire for her services as secretary to the Baby Health Centre Association of Victoria.\n", "Details": "Born at Warrnambool Victoria, Isabella was educated at the universities of Melbourne and Glasgow. In 1916 she married John Ross and they were to have one son who died on active service in New Guinea.\nIsabella worked as a Clinical Assistant at the Queen Victoria, Royal Women's and Children's hospitals. Actively involved with infant welfare she helped establish the first Victorian baby clinic at Richmond in June 1917 and became a central figure in the Victorian Baby Health Centres Association. \nA member of the Melbourne Lyceum, Isabella Ross was president from 1938 until 1940. A plaque commemorating her can be found at the Queen Elizabeth Maternal and Child Welfare Centre, Carlton.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/this-mad-folly-the-history-of-australias-pioneer-women-doctors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grey, Helene Dorothy", "Entry ID": "IMP0143", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grey-helene-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Nursing administrator", "Summary": "Appointed Lady Superintendent of the Royal Melbourne Hospital in 1934, Helene Grey remained in the position for 38 years. One of seven children born to Charles (a police magistrate) and Mabel Grey, Helene Grey helped raise her siblings after her father died. In 1919 she commenced nursing training at the Melbourne (later Royal) Hospital and graduated in 1924 receiving the Forest Gold Medal. Following her appointment as Sister Tutor of the Preliminary Training School in 1927, Helene Grey became matron of the Caulfield Convalescent Hospital. Grey was a president of the Australian Nursing Federation and Royal Victorian College of Nursing, and also a member of the Nurses Board of Victoria. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 10 June 1948.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer of the Order of British Empire (1948 - 1948) \nLady Superindent of the Royal Melbourne Hospital (1934 - 1957) \nMatron of the Caulfield Convalescent Hospital (1928 - 1934) \nMember of staff at the Melbourne (later Royal) Hospital (1923 - 1928) \nTrained at Melbourne (later Royal) and Women's (later Royal) Hospitals (1919 - 1923)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ever-open-door-a-history-of-the-royal-melbourne-hospital-1848-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Russell, Delia Constance", "Entry ID": "IMP0145", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/russell-delia-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Delia Russell, n\u00e9e Law, was active across a range of charitable organisations throughout her life. Educated at the Oberwyl School in Melbourne, she married Percy Joseph Russell, solicitor and municipal councillor in October 1893. Delia Russell's major interests were the Red Cross Society; she remained a member of the Victorian Council until her death in 1938. She founded and ran the St Kilda Red Cross kitchen during World War I, and worked on special diets for influenza patients. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her work in 1920. Her subsequent commitments included Victorian president of the Housewives' Association (1929-1930 - although she was expelled from this group in 1930 due to her anti-prohibition stance), vice-president of the Victorian Institute of Almoners, councillor of the Talbot Epileptic Colony, Clayton, an executive member of the National Council of Women, president of the Australian Temperance Association (which fought against prohibition), a justice of the peace and special magistrate of the Children's Court, Melbourne. She was president of the Women's Hospital committee from 1932-1934.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/russell-percy-joseph-1861-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mission-to-the-home-the-housewives-association-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-and-protestant-christianity-1920-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-early-years-of-the-housewives-association-of-victoria-1915-1930\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/russell-delia-constance-1870-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hughes, Agnes Eva", "Entry ID": "IMP0151", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hughes-agnes-eva\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Political activist", "Summary": "Eva Hughes was a prominent figure in women's groups as well as charitable and patriotic organisations in Melbourne from the early 1900s. She became second president of the influential, politically conservative, anti-socialist group the Australian Women's National League (1909-1922), after the death of her sister Janet Lady Clarke. \nDuring the First World War she encouraged war-work and became a member of the Australian League of Honour, the Lady Mayoress's Patriotic Fund and the Friendly Union of Soldiers' Wives and Mothers. She supported the government's conscription campaign, and garner support through her presidency of the Australian Women's National League. On 4 October 1918 Eva Hughes was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (OBE) for services as president of the League. Following her retirement as president, Hughes continued to act as an adviser, and was made a life patroness and a life member of the League's council.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1918 - 1918) \nChaired first general meeting of the Australian Women's National League, and later organized the St Kilda branch (1904 - 1904) \nEncouraged league members in war-work (1914 - 1918) \nFormally presented to the minister for defence, (Sir) George Pearce, a ward of 36 beds in Caulfield Military Hospital (1916 - 1916) \nMember of the Australian League of Honour (1914 - 1918) \nMember of the Friendly Union of Soldiers' Wives and Mothers (1914 - 1918) \nMember of the Lady Mayoress's Patriotic Fund (1914 - 1918) \nState president of the Australian Women's National League (1909 - 1922)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nation-builders-great-lives-and-stories-from-st-kilda-general-cemetery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-australian-womens-national-league\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-national-league-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hughes-agnes-eva-1856-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eva-hughes-militant-conservative\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-influence-the-first-fifty-years-of-women-in-the-liberal-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Herring, Violet Muriel", "Entry ID": "IMP0153", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herring-violet-muriel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Jolimont, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Nurse", "Summary": "Violet Herring, n\u00e9e MacGregor, gave forty years of service to the Red Cross Society and was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her services to that organisation in 1954. Although educated in Melbourne, she spent most of her life in Queensland, and was a life member of the Creche and Kindergarten Association, vice-president of the District Nursing Association of Queensland for thirty years and a driver for the Lady Goodwin District Nursing Transport Corps for twenty years. She also served on the committees of the 2nd Australian Imperial Forces Nurses' Fund and for the building of St Martin's hospital.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herring-violet-muriel-queenie-nee-macgregor-c-1880-1966-community-worker-brisbane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lawrence, Marjorie Florence", "Entry ID": "IMP0157", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawrence-marjorie-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dean's Marsh, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Singer, Soprano", "Summary": "Opera singer Marjorie Lawrence contracted poliomyelitis in 1941 and was almost crippled in both legs, but continued to perform using a wheel chair placed on stage. During World War II she entertained the troops and was awarded the cross of the Legion d' Honneur (1946) by the French government. On 31 December 1976 Marjorie Lawrence was appointed Commander of the British Empire (CBE) for her services to the performing arts.\n", "Events": "Completed a concert tour of Australia, performing at Winchelsea, Victoria first (1939 - 1939) \nContracted poliomyelitis while in Mexico (1941 - 1941) \nDebut with Monte Carlo Opera Company as Elisabeth in Tannhauser (1932 - 1932) \nEntertained troops in Australia and South West Pacific (50,000 miles wheel concert tour) (1944 - 1944) \nEntertained troops in Europe (1945 - 1945) \nFirst public appearance as Venus in Tannhauser at the Metropolitan (1942 - 1942) \nMarried Dr Thomas King, New York (1941 - 1941) \nOpera Theatre Southern Illinois University named for Marjorie Lawrence (1971 - 1971) \nPerformed with the Metropolitan Opera Company New York as Brunnhilde (1935 - 1935) \nPerformed with the Paris Grand Opera Company as Ortrud in Lohengrin (1932 - 1932) \nProfessor of Voice and Opera Workshop, Southern Illinois University (1960 - ) \nWinner of the Sun Aria Competition (1928 - 1928)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-make-australian-history-women-in-wartime-1914-1918-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawrence-marjorie-florence-1907-1979\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marjorie-lawrence-1938-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/great-australian-women-of-the-20th-century-electronic-resource\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Downes, Doris Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0162", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/downes-doris-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Doris Mary Robb was born in 1890 at Armadale Victoria, the daughter of Arthur Thomas and Ethel Gertrude (n\u00e9e Richardson) Robb. On 20 November 1913 she married Rupert Major Downes (later Major-General and director of Medical Services, 2nd Australian Army Melbourne) at St John's Church Toorak. They had three children. As Doris Downes she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 4 October 1918 for work among soldiers' families through the Friendly Union of Soldier's Wives. She died in 1981 aged 91 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grant, Lilian Edith", "Entry ID": "IMP0163", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grant-lilian-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Creswick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Born Lilian Edith Lewers, the daughter of Alexander and Rebecca (n\u00e9e McFarland) Lewers in 1867 at Creswick, Victoria, Lillian married medical practitioner David Grant in 1892. She was a council member of both the Australian and Victorian Red Cross Societies as well as a member of the Junior Red Cross Committee. From 1915-1926 she was chairman and secretary of the Home Hospitals Committee. Chairman of the Committee for Blinded Soldiers, Lilian Grant was also an original member and honorary treasurer of the Victoria League Club.\nFrom 1917-1918 Lilian Grant was president of the Alexandra Club. She was also involved with the establishment of the club library, and for many years was its acquisitions officer. During the First World War she changed her buying policy from purchasing novels to that of buying books about war and illustrated newspapers. On 19 October 1920, Lilian Grant was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) for service to the Red Cross Society. She died in 1941 aged 74.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-the-world-of-women-victoria-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Johnston, Jessie Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0164", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnston-jessie-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Jessie Mary Johnston, the daughter of Brigadier-General Walter John and Mary Euphemia (n\u00e9e Johnston) Clark, was born at St Kilda in 1889. Educated privately in Tasmania during World War I she became a member of the Red Cross Society (Tasmania). On 3 December 1923 Jessie Clark married her maternal cousin Dr William Johnston (later Sir) and they had two sons. From 1939-1952 Jessie Johnston was a member of the Red Cross Centenary Council, and from 1940-1942 a member of the Executive Committee of the Australian Imperial Forces Women's Association. When Johnston was appointed Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) Commissioner for War Services, she resigned from the presidency of the Alexandra Club but remained a member of the Committee. In 1951 Johnston became President of the YWCA of Australia, a post she held until 1957. On 1 January 1958 she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for service to the community. Lady Jessie Johnston died in 1984, aged 94.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1958 - 1958) \nMarried Dr William Johnston (later Sir) (1923 - 1923) \nMember of the Executive Committee for the AIF Women's Association (1940 - 1942) \nMember of the Red Cross Centenary Council (1939 - 1952) \nMember of the Red Cross Society (Tasmania) (1914 - 1918) \nPresident of the Alexandra Club (Melbourne) (1939 - 1940) \nPresident of YWCA Australia (1951 - 1957) \nYWCA Commissioner for War Services (1941 - 1945)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "King, Catherine Helen", "Entry ID": "IMP0174", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/king-catherine-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Broadcaster, Community worker", "Summary": "Catherine King was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services to the community on 11 June 1966.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-king-biography-of-a-radio-announcer-on-the-occasion-of-her-83rd-birthday\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-king-biographical-details-of-broadcaster-and-save-the-children-fund-worker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-king-biography-of-former-broadcaster-resident-at-moline-house\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-king-dies-at-95\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-king-farewell-to-her\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/on-air-the-story-of-catherine-king-and-the-abc-womens-session\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-julie-lewis-1931-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-catherine-helen-king-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Boyle, Raelene Ann", "Entry ID": "IMP0176", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/boyle-raelene-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Raelene Boyle represented Australia at four Olympic games as a sprinter. She was appointed a Member of the British Empire on 15 June 1974 for services to athletics, and was named ABC Sportsperson of the Year in 1974. Named by the National Trust as one of '100 Living Treasures in 1998', Raelene Boyle was an Olympic torchbearer at the Opening Ceremony of the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000.\n", "Details": "Raelene Boyle, daughter of Gilbert MacDonald and Irene Joy (n\u00e9e Wilkinson) Boyle was educated at Coburg High School. At 17 years of age she was selected to represent Australia in the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. She won a silver medal in the 200-metre sprint and ran fourth in the 100m. She also won medals at the Munich (1972) and the Montreal (1976) Olympics. She did not complete in the 1980 Moscow Olympics.\nAt the Montreal Games in 1976, Raelene Boyle was the first Australian woman to be given the honour of carrying the Australian flag into the opening ceremony. She finished fourth in the 100 metre final after a slow start and was disqualified for a false start in the 200 metre semi-final. Raelene Boyle had been favourite to win the gold medal in her favourite event. The electronic starting device registered a clean start, but the starter, Jack Fisher, recalled the athletes. He claimed Boyle had jumped the gun. Film of the incident later showed she hadn't - even though she did move her shoulders.\nRaelene Boyle completed in the Edinburgh (1970), Christchurch (1974), Edmonton (1978) and at Brisbane (1982) Commonwealth Games. After retiring from competitive athletics, she completed a horticulture course at the Victorian College of Agriculture and Horticulture (Burnley) and worked as a landscape gardener for the then Prahran Council. She has also been involved with coaching and television commentary.\nRaelene Boyle was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1996 and has since assisted in raising awareness of the disease, becoming a founding member of Sporting Chance Cancer Foundation in 1997.\n", "Events": "Appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) (2007 - 2007) \nAthletics - 100m and 200m, 4 x 100m Relay (1974 - 1974) \nAthletics - 100m and 200m sprint events (1972 - 1972) \nAthletics - 100m and 200m, 4 x 100m Relay (1970 - 1970) \nAthletics - 200m Sprint Event (1968 - 1968) \nAthletics - 400m (1982 - 1982) \nAwarded a Centenary Medal 'for service to Australian society through the sport of athletics' (2001 - 2001) \nAwarded an Australian Sports Medal for 'outstanding contribution as a competitor (Athletics)' (2000 - 2000) \nAwarded The Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) (Imperial) 'in recognition of service to the sport of athletics' (1974 - 1974)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/encyclopedia-of-australia-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raelene-boyle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-olympics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/on-the-boyle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hilliard, Winifred Margaret", "Entry ID": "IMP0198", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hilliard-winifred-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Nowra, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare worker", "Summary": "Winifred Hilliard was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire on I June 1977 for 'Aboriginal welfare'. She was later awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia on the Queen's birthday list, 1989, for 'service to Aboriginal welfare, particularly the Pitjantjatjara people'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arts-and-crafts-of-pitjantjatjara-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-winifred-hilliard-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/winifred-m-hilliard-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Torney, Vera Alexandra", "Entry ID": "IMP0199", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/torney-vera-alexandra\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Arnaud, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "On 12 February 1942 the Empire Star sailed from Singapore harbour. The ship which normally had an allocation of space for 20 passengers was carrying over 2100 people. While on route to Batavia, the ship came under enemy fire and received three direct hits. During one of the raids, two of the Australian nursing staff on board, Sister Vera A Torney and Margaret Anderson came on deck to attend to the wounded. They protected their patients by covering them with their bodies. Staff Nurse Vera Torney was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Military) on 22 September 1942 for her work with the Australian Army Nursing Service. Staff Nurse Margaret Anderson received the George Medal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twentieth-century-women-of-courage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berry-vera-alexandra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-australian-army-nursing-service-a-a-n-s-v-a-torney-box-62\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honours-and-awards-recommendations-for-immediate-award-staff-nurse-margaret-anderson-and-staff-nurse-vera-torney\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scantlebury, Lilian Avis", "Entry ID": "IMP0202", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scantlebury-lilian-avis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Red Cross leader", "Summary": "Lilian Scantlebury, n\u00e9e Whybrow, was a leader of the Australian Red Cross Society (ARCS) in the Victorian Division and at the national level. Her efforts were acknowledged with her appointment as Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1959 for her services to the Red Cross Society. Educated at Ruyton Girls' School in Kew and the University of Melbourne, she was a member of the Red Cross Society from 1914. She spent two years in London during World War I working at the Australian Red Cross wounded and missing bureau with Vera (Deakin) White, who also became an influential member of the ARCS in Victoria. Leon Stubbings, in his history of the Australian Red Cross entitled Look what you started Henry, claimed that because these two women 'had experienced the real meaning of Red Cross during the First World War, dedication was demonstrated by hard work throughout their life'. Lilian Scantlebury married Dr G C Scantlebury in April 1920 and had one daughter. She was vice-chairman of the National Council of the Australian Red Cross Society, Melbourne, from 1951 and earlier had assumed the position of honorary director of the Wounded and Missing Enquiry at Burwood, Victoria from 1940-1947. Her other interests included membership of the committee of Janet Clarke Hall and Trinity College, University of Melbourne, from 1926-1961 and she was its chairman from 1939-1961. She also served on the Council of St John Victoria from 1954-1958.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/look-what-you-started-henry-a-history-of-the-australian-red-cross-1914-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scantlebury-lilian-avis-1894-1964\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fisher, Valerie Claire", "Entry ID": "IMP0216", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fisher-valerie-claire\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Wodonga, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Valerie Fisher was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) on Australia Day 1995 for service to raising the status of women in developing countries through the organisation 'Associated Country Women of the World'. She had been appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) for service to women's affairs on 31 December 1981.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) (1995 - 1995) \nAppointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (1981 - 1981) \nAustralia Day \"Outstanding Achievement Award\" (1993 - 1993) \nDaughter of Clyde Belmont and Nita (n\u00e9e Curtis) Olholm (1927 - 1927) \nDeputy World President of the Associated Country Women of the World (1983 - 1989) \nHonorary Member of the Country Women's Association Victoria (1978 - 1978) \nMarried Harold Robert Fisher (1950 - 1950) \nMember of the Country Women's Association Victoria (1952 - 1952) \nMember of the First National Women's Advisory Council to Prime Minister (1976 - 1977) \nMember of the National Breast Cancer Council (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Victorian Advisory Council Women's Affairs to Premier (1981 - 1983) \nNational President of the Country Women's Association Australia (1975 - 1977) \nRecipient of the ANZAC of the Year Award from the Returned Services League (1992 - 1992) \nSouth Pacific Area President of the Associated Country Women of the World (1977 - 1983) \nState President, Victoria, of the Country Women's Association Australia (1973 - 1975) \nWorld President of the Associated Country Women of the World (1989 - 1998)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/years-of-adventure-1928-1978-fifty-years-of-service-by-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-valerie-fisher-member-of-the-country-womens-association-for-28-years-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carden, Joan Maralyn", "Entry ID": "IMP0218", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carden-joan-maralyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Opera singer", "Summary": "Joan Carden was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) on 13 June 1988 and an Officer (Civil) of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1981 for services to opera.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Frank and Margaret Ethel Gabriel (n\u00e9e Cooke) Carden, Joan Carden was educated at Prahran Technical School. She later attended Trinity College of Music (London) and the London Opera Centre. After graduating from the London Opera Centre she performed in the United Kingdom and Germany before joining the Australian Opera (now Opera Australia) in 1971. During her career Joan Carden sang Gilda (Rigoletto) with the Australian Opera, Donna Anna (Don Giovanni) at the Glyndeborne Festival and the Metropolitan Opera and Constanza (The Abduction from the Serablio) with the Scottish Opera.\nIn 1987 Joan Carden received the Dame Joan Hammond Award. She was the recipient of an Australian Artists Creative Fellowship in 1993 and is Patron of the National Voice Centre at the University of Sydney and the Victorian College of Arts Opera.\n", "Events": "Awarded Australian Artists Creative Fellowship (1993 - 1993) \nAwarded the Dame Joan Hammond Award (1988 - 1988) \nOfficer of the Order of Australia (AO) (1988 - 1988) \nOfficer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (OBE) (1981 - 1981) \nPerformed at the Kennedy Centre, Washington (1980 - 1980) \nPerformed with English Opera North (1981 - 1981) \nPerformed with Miami Opera (1982 - 1982) \nPreformed at Covent Garden (1974 - 1974) \nPreformed at Houston, USA (1977 - 1977) \nPreformed at the Glyndebourne Festival (1977 - 1977) \nPreformed with the Australian Opera (now Opera Australia) (1971 - 2003) \nPreformed with the Metropolitan Opera Tour (1978 - 1978) \nPreformed with the Scottish Opera (1978 - 1978)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rawson, Marianne", "Entry ID": "IMP0230", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rawson-marianne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Marianne Rawson gained distinction as a Victorian nursing sister who served in the Boer War and was one of the three Australian nurses to be awarded the Royal Red Cross medal for service in that conflict. She was the lady superintendent of the ten Victorian nurses who sailed for South Africa with the Third (Bushmen's) Contingent on the Euryalus on 10 March 1900. They went to Rhodesia and served at Salisbury, Fort Charter, Bulawayo, Hillside, Mafeking, Springfontein and Tuli. She was awarded the Royal Red Cross medal on 26 June 1902 for her outstanding work and courage in the care of patients and was Mentioned in Dispatches on 29 July 1902. The Governor of Western Australia presented her with her RRC medal in Kalgoorlie in 1903.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-nurses-in-the-boer-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-war-nurses-the-history-of-the-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-1902-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-in-the-boer-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henderson, Margaret Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0239", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henderson-margaret-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Physician", "Summary": "Margaret Henderson, a consultant physician to the Royal Melbourne Hospital in 1981, was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 12 June 1976 for her services to medicine. She enjoyed a long association with the Royal Melbourne Hospital in the capacity of honorary physician from 1947-1975 and specialist physician from 1976-1981. She was also consultant physician at the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women from 1959. During World War II she served as a captain in the Australian Military Forces from 1941-42. She completed her medical training at the University of Melbourne, graduating MB BS in 1931 and MD in 1941. She was a Fellow of Janet Clarke Hall, at the University of Melbourne from 1966.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-directory-of-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McClelland, Margaret", "Entry ID": "IMP0243", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcclelland-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Berriwillock, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Anaesthetist", "Summary": "Margaret McClelland pursued a successful career as an anaesthetist in Melbourne after qualifying in her specialty in London in 1942. She completed her initial medical training at the University of Melbourne in 1931 and took up an appointment as resident medical officer from 1932-1933 and later, medical superintendent, from 1934 at the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital, Melbourne. From there she moved to Sydney in 1936 to assume the position of medical superintendent at the Prince Henry Hospital. During World War II she worked as senior anaesthetist at the Central Middlesex Hospital London from 1941-1946 and returned to Melbourne to work as anaesthetist at the Royal Melbourne and St Vincent's Hospitals. In 1955 she took up the appointment of director of anaesthetics at the Royal Children's Hospital. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1979 for her services to medicine.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-directory-of-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kennan, Winifred Edith", "Entry ID": "IMP0245", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kennan-winifred-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Gynaecologist, Obstetrician", "Summary": "Winifred Kennan graduated as MB BS from the University of Melbourne in 1920 and specialised in obstetrics and gynaecology. She had a long association with the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital Melbourne as its medical superintendent from 1921-1923 and later as honorary consultant obstetrician. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to medicine on 11 June 1977.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-directory-of-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Appleford, Alys (Alice) Ross", "Entry ID": "IMP0247", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/appleford-alys-alice-ross\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Nursing administrator, Servicewoman", "Summary": "During World War I Alice Ross-King (as she was then known) was a Sister in the Australian Army Nursing Service. Mentioned twice in despatches, she was awarded the Military Medal on 28 September 1917 and the Royal Red Cross Medal on the 4 June 1918. She married Lieutenant-Colonel Sydney T Appleford of the Australian Army Medical Corps on 21 August 1919. They had four children. She assisted her husband in establishing a first-aid military unit and during the 1930s became involved with the Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachments. Appleford enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Women's Service during World War II. She was promoted to the rank of Major in September 1942 and awarded the Florence Nightingale medal by the International Red Cross in 1949.\nAlice Appleford died on 17 August 1968 at Cronulla, Sydney and is buried in Fawkner Cemetery, Melbourne.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ross-king-alice-1891-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/appleford-alice-ross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twentieth-century-women-of-courage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-diggers-makers-of-the-australian-military-tradition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nightingales-in-the-mud-the-digger-sisters-of-the-great-war-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-a-commission-in-the-a-a-m-c-voluntary-aid-detachments-v-a-d-a-r-appleford-box-69\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/appleford-alice-ross-service-number-v500148-date-of-birth-05-aug-1891-place-of-birth-ballarat-vic-place-of-enlistment-v-a-d-headquarters-vic-next-of-kin-appleford-s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ross-king-alice-service-number-staff-nurse-place-of-birth-ballarat-vic-place-of-enlistment-n-a-next-of-kin-mother-king-c-h\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/end-of-war-awards-submissions-by-quartermaster-general-and-director-general-of-medical-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-assistant-controller-australian-army-medical-womens-service-inspecting-the-kits-of-members-who-are-on-draft-to-northern-areas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/her-excellency-lady-zara-gowrie-wife-of-the-governor-general-of-australia-inspecting-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-at-the-115th-heidelberg-military-hospital\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-assistant-controller-conducting-a-kit-inspection-of-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-on-draft-for-northern-areas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/officers-at-the-conference-of-assistant-and-deputy-assistant-controllers-australian-army-medical-womens-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/officers-at-the-conference-of-assistant-and-deputy-assistant-controllers-australian-army-medical-womens-service-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-assistant-controller-australian-army-medical-womens-service-victorian-lines-of-communication-area\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-with-captain-p-williamson-australian-army-medical-womens-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-leaders-of-the-australian-red-cross-voluntary-aid-detachment-vad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captain-w-j-j-mcgee-assisted-by-major-a-r-appleford-member-of-the-red-cross-mm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captain-w-j-j-mcgee-assisted-by-major-a-r-appleford-member-of-the-red-cross-mm-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ross-king-alice-mm-sister-b-1887-d-1968\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Irving, Sybil Howy", "Entry ID": "IMP0248", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irving-sybil-howy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria Barracks, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Sybil Irving was the founder and Controller of the Australian Women's Army Service. On 2 January 1939 she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for social welfare services in Victoria. Throughout her life Irving was a faithful member of the Church. Her Funeral Service on 30 March 1973, and a Memorial Service on 23 February 1975 were held in Christ Church, South Yarra, Victoria.\n", "Details": "The eldest child of army officer Major General Godfrey George Howy and Ada Minni Margueritha (n\u00e9e Derham) Irving, Sybil Irving's education was conducted at the various postings her father obtained. This included attending Lauriston Girls, School, which had been founded by her aunts Margaret and Lillian Irving.\nDuring World War I Irving was a Voluntary Aid Detachment member with the Australian Red Cross. From 1924 until 1940 she was secretary of the Girl Guides' Association, Victoria. In 1940 she was appointed assistant-secretary of the Australian Red Cross Victorian Division. Invited in 1941 to establish and head the Australian Women's Army Service, Sybil Irving held this position until 1946. She later became Honorary Colonel of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps. After the war Sybil Irving became general secretary of the Victorian Division of the Red Cross. Upon her retirement in 1959 she was made an honorary life member of the society.\nSybil Irving died on 28 March 1973 and was buried at Fawkner cemetery with full military honours.\n", "Events": "Appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) (1939 - 1939) \nAssistant Secretary of the Australian Red Cross, Victorian Division (1940 - 1941) \nConsultant to Elderly Citizens Clubs, with the Old Peoples Welfare Council, Victoria (later Victorian Council on the Ageing). (1961 - 1971) \nController of the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS). Appointed to establish and administer the Service which subsequently numbered 26,000. (1941 - 1946) \nFoundation member of the Victorian Society for Crippled Children (and Adults). Sybil Irving's was one of the two original signatures on the Articles of Association, and she continued to work for VSCCA all her life. (1935 - 1973) \nGeneral Secretary of the Australian Red Cross, Victorian Division. Awarded Honorary Life Membership and the Medal for Meritorious Service. (1947 - 1959) \nHonorary Colonel of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) (1951 - 1961) \nPromoted to Colonel (1943 - 1943) \nPromoted to Lieutenant-Colonel (1942 - 1942) \nSecretary of the Girl Guides' Association, Victoria. Tragic results of Poliomyolitis led Miss Irving to use her talent for needlework to teach the physically handicapped through the Girl Guide Extension Branch. (1924 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sybil-howy-irving-m-b-e-1897-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irving-sybil-howy-1897-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-of-the-queen-women-in-the-australian-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irving-sybil-howy-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-stroll-down-memory-lane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/youll-be-sorry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1941-1946-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irving-freda-mary-howy-service-number-vf398095-date-of-birth-16-sep-1903-place-of-birth-melbourne-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-irving-sybil\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lieut-gen-sir-iven-g-mackay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christmas-message-from-colonel-sybil-h-irving-honorary-colonel-of-the-corps-honcol-and-colonel-kathleen-best-director-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-dwraac\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-to-miss-sybil-irving-congratulating-her-upon-her-appointment-as-controller-of-the-awass\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irving-sybil-howy-service-number-v143893-date-of-birth-25-feb-1897-place-of-birth-melbourne-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-irving-f\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inspections-general-report-on-australian-womens-army-service-visit-by-colonel-sybil-h-irving-letter-to-major-general-e-c-p-plant\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speech-by-colonel-sybil-h-irving-honorary-colonel-of-the-corps-made-at-the-opening-of-the-kathleen-best-memorial-gates-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac-school-mosman-nsw-6-november-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-of-australian-womens-army-service-officers-from-the-victorian-land-headquarters-on-the-steps-of-the-shrine-of-remembrance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/two-senior-members-of-the-australian-womens-army-service-awas-taking-a-wreath-into-the-shrine-of-remembrance-during-the-armistice-day-ceremony\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1932-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sibyl-howy-irving-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-australian-womens-army-service-1941-1946\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shaw, Edith Lydia", "Entry ID": "IMP0251", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shaw-edith-lydia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron", "Summary": "After being educated at the Church of England Girls' Grammar School (CEGGS) North Sydney, Edith Shaw completed her nurses training at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Women's Hospital (Melbourne) and Tressillian Infant Welfare, Sydney. Shaw nursed at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital, London, and was matron of the Melbourne District Nursing Society before joining the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service in 1946. During World War II she was matron of the 2\/2 Hospital Ship Wanganella and principal matron of the Victorian Line of Command 1941-1943 and 1943-1946. On 14 June 1945 Lieutenant Colonel Edith Shaw was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her service with the Australian Army Nursing Service in the South West Pacific. Following the war Shaw became lady superintendent at the Alfred Hospital Melbourne (1946-1952) as well as principal matron of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service Headquarters Southern Command (1950-1952).\n", "Events": "Lady Superindent, Alfred Hospital Melbourne (1946 - 1952) \nMatron with the Melbourne District Nursing Society (1933 - 1935) \nPrincipal Matron Royal Australian Army Nursing Service HQ Southern Command Victoria (1950 - 1952) \nServed with Royal Australian Army Service (1940 - 1946) \nStaff member at Charing Cross Hospital, London (1930 - 1930) \nStaff member at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria (1925 - 1926)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recommendations-for-kings-birthday-honours-1945\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thompson, Freda", "Entry ID": "IMP0258", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thompson-freda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aviator", "Summary": "Freda Thompson, a pioneer aviator, was the first Australian woman to fly solo from the United Kingdom to Australia. She completed the journey in a Gypsy Moth Major in 39 days flying time. After qualifying for her private pilot licence in 1930 and her commercial licence two years later in 1932, she became the first woman instructor in the British Empire on gaining her instructor rating in 1933. Finally, in 1934 she obtained the Great Britain Air Ministry Private Pilot Certificate, which enabled her to 'fly all types of machines'. During the 1930s she became the first woman president of the Royal Victorian Aero Club and was made a life member in 1941. She was a foundation member of the Australian Women Pilots' Association. Thompson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1972 for services to aviation.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freda-thompson-obe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goggles-and-god-help-you-pioneer-airwoman-freda-thompson-obe-and-some-of-her-contemporaries\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thompson-freda-mary-1906-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-freda-thompson-1918-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-freda-thompson-aviator-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Montgomery, Joan Mitchell", "Entry ID": "IMP0261", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/montgomery-joan-mitchell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress", "Summary": "Joan Montgomery was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC), Melbourne and spent most of her teaching career in private schools in Victoria. She returned to her old school as principal in 1969 and remained there until her retirement in 1985. Her first teaching appointment was at Frensham School, Mittagong New South Wales from 1949-1951 and she spent time in London from 1952-1954 and 1958-1959. She taught also at Tintern Church of England Girls Grammar School, in Ringwood East, from 1955-1957, and was principal of Clyde School Woodend, from 1960-1968, before moving to PLC. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 12 June 1976 for her services to education.\n", "Events": "Associaiton of Independed Girls' School (National) (1979 - 1981) \nAssociation of Independent Girls' School of Victoria (1978 - 1980) \nAustralian College of Education (1971 - 1971) \nClyde School (Woodend) (1960 - 1968) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2004 - 2004) \nPresbyterian Ladies' College (PLC) (1969 - 1985)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/church-related-schools\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carter, Katherine Cameron", "Entry ID": "IMP0267", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carter-katherine-cameron\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "School principal", "Summary": "Katherine Carter was educated at the University of Melbourne, graduating with a BA. She held senior positions on the staff of Clyde Girls' School, Woodend and the Methodist Ladies' College, Hawthorn and was for a short time headmistress of St Mary's Church of England School for Girls, Perth. In 1948 she was appointed headmistress of Ipswich Girls' Grammar School, where she was to remain until her retirement in 1964. During that time her innovations included the introduction of the house system, the formation of the Parents' and Friends' Association, debating and hockey. She also enjoyed writing plays and wrote a new play each year to be performed by the girls as part of the Christmas festivities. This later developed into an annual Inter-House Drama Competition, with an award of the Katherine Carter Drama Trophy for Best Production. She was appointed MBE - Member of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 12 June 1965, for her contribution to education in Queensland as Headmistress - Ipswich Girls' Grammar School.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-one-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Potter, Florence Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0286", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/potter-florence-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ringwood, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Typist", "Summary": "Florence Potter served as a Typist in the Adjutant-General's Branch of the Department of Army, Melbourne (1915-1938). From 1938 she served as Typist-in Charge of the Branch, retiring in October 1952. She was awarded the Imperial Service Medal 19 November 1954 in recognition of her work as Typist-in-Charge in the Army Department.\nFlorence was born Florence Mary (not Florence May, as stated in her honours citation) to William Henry Potter and Mary Markham in Geelong in 1887.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honours-and-awards-imperial-service-medals-date-of-award-19-november-1954\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stones, Elsie (Margaret)", "Entry ID": "IMP0295", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stones-elsie-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical artist", "Summary": "Margaret Stones was one of Australia's foremost botanical artists. She undertook professional art training at Swinburne Technical College and the National Gallery of Victoria Art School in the 1940s. At the invitation of John Stewart Turner, Stones attended lectures and demonstrations in the School of Botany at the University of Melbourne, and joined their summer expeditions to the Bogong High Plains, 1948-1950. In 1951 she left Australia for London to further her botanical knowledge, working independently for the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and other botanical institutions for more than 30 years. From 1958 she was the principal contributing artist to Curtis's Botanical Magazine, producing more than 400 watercolours. Her most important project during the 1960s and 1970s was the illustrations for The Endemic Flora of Tasmania, and from 1975 her work on the Flora of Louisiana project. Commenting on Margaret Stones's botanical knowledge and experience, Tasmanian botanist Dr Winifrid Curtis 'recalled that Stones never needed to be told, but invariably knew, which sections to draw in order to facilitate correct taxonomical classification'. A genus has been named after her, Stonesia and a Tasmanian species, Stonesiella.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beauty-in-truth-the-botanical-art-of-margaret-stones\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stones-elsie-margaret-1920-australian-national-botanic-gardens-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stonesiella\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stones-elsie-margaret-margaret-1920-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1952-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scott, Emily", "Entry ID": "PR00029", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-emily\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Lecturer, Music teacher, Musician, Writer", "Summary": "Lady Emily Scott was the second wife of historian Sir Ernest Scott. She was a very competent musician and writer who wrote a regular music column for the Triad.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sir-ernest-and-lady-scott-1906-1955-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eagle, Robin Ann", "Entry ID": "PR00107", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eagle-robin-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hopetoun, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Feminist, Poet, Teacher", "Summary": "Robin Eagle has been active in the South Australian Women's Movement since 1976 and a lesbian feminist activist in Victoria before then. Born in Hopetoun, Victoria, she joined the Women's Liberation Movement in Victoria in 1975. A dedicated community worker, she helped establish and run many community groups. She is on the Board of Management for the Women's Studies Resource Centre in Adelaide, South Australia 1999-2013. Robin has published a book of poetry.\n", "Details": "Robin Eagle has been a lesbian feminist activist since 1975. In Melbourne she was involved in the founding of Women's Liberation Halfway House Collective Inc ( Women's refuge) Then in 1975 she co-founded the Vesuvia Women's Book and Craft Association in Collingwood.\nShe tutored in Commerce at the University of Adelaide 1978-82. She lectured at the Light, Spencer Institutes of Technical and Further Education, South Australia, and in Alice Springs TAFE. She is a contributor to the Yulara Times when working as co-ordinator and counsellor at the Yulara Community Resource Centre in 1973-4. She was also a collective member of the Women's Spiritual Movement, South Australia and co-founder of Plum Farm Women's Land in 1980.\nOther activities she has been involved in include: co-ordinator of the Elizabeth West Community Food Co-op; co-ordinator of the Bowden-Brompton Community Centre (SA) ; board membership of the Women's Studies Resource Centre. And member of the YWCA Bush walking group.\nRobin was on organizing collectives for feminist conferences including the Melbourne Women's Liberation conference in 1976, the series of National Lesbian Feminist Conferences between1989-2000 and the Adelaide Women's Liberation Conference 1996.\nRobin has published a book of poetry, Distilled Essence of Eagle (1985). She has contributed to anthologies published by SA Country and City Women Writers and taught womens assertiveness, communication, creative writing at varied community centres.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robin-eagle-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hutchison, Ruby Florence", "Entry ID": "PR00188", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hutchison-ruby-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Footscray, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Shenton Park (Perth), Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Ruby Hutchison was the first woman elected to the Legislative Council in Western Australia, and the first to take her place in any Australian Council. She was the only female member of the Chamber during this period. Her work enabled the introduction of the first law to enable women to serve on juries, and she founded the West Australian Epilepsy Association to fight discrimination against people with intellectual disabilities.\n", "Details": "Ruby Florence Herbert was born in Melbourne in February 1892, and came to the Murchison goldfields in Western Australia with her parents in 1896. While still in her teens she married Daniel Buckley, a miner. When the marriage later broke up, she was left to rear seven children alone, and supported her family by taking in boarders and dressmaking. She married Alex Hutchison in 1941, and attended business college and summer schools at the University of Western Australia.\nShe contested her first election in 1950 at the age of 58, having joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) decades earlier. In 1954 Hutchison became the first female member of Western Australia's Legislative Council, and throughout her seventeen-year parliamentary career campaigned tirelessly for the Council to be substantially reformed, or abolished. She successfully fought for the right of women to sit on juries, and consistently attempted to secure compulsory voting and adult suffrage for Legislative Council elections. Hutchison received international recognition for her work on behalf of epilepsy sufferers, and was a founder of the West Australian Epilepsy Association. She also fought to ensure that those afflicted with intellectual disabilities did not suffer discrimination. Hutchison retired from politics in 1971 at the age of 79. She died at the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in 1974, and is buried in the Karrakatta Cemetery.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hutchison-ruby-florence-1892-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reid, Joan Innes", "Entry ID": "PR00366", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reid-joan-innes\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Townsville, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Politician, Social worker, University tutor", "Summary": "Joan Innes Reid influenced many lives as a pioneering social worker and the first woman councillor (and deputy mayor) in Townsville, North Queensland. In 1953 she was the only practicing medical social worker in Queensland outside of Brisbane. Joan also actively involved herself in community work, helping to establish medical, humanitarian and cultural institutions in Townsville. In 1976 she joined the staff of the James Cook University and became the first woman to be awarded an honorary degree by the University in 1995. In 1984 Dr Innes Reid was made a Member of the Order of Australia in recognition of her community work and in 1989 she received life membership to the Australian Association of Social Work.\u00a0 The Joan Innes Reid prize in social work awarded by James Cook University is named in her honour\n", "Details": "Joan Reid spent her early life in country Victoria, raised by her mother and a large extended family. She graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1936 with a Bachelor of Arts before moving to Canada where she studied social work and completed her Masters thesis. Upon returning to Australia in 1953, Joan assumed the role of medical social worker at Townsville General Hospital. She was the only medical social worker practicing north of Brisbane, where she serviced a population of over 250,000.\nJoan worked with the Queensland Country Women's Association, helping to fill the needs of homeless women - particularly those who were pregnant and unmarried. She also made fortnightly trips to Cairns to visit thoracic patients, running art and craft lessons as a form of occupational therapy. When hospital authorities observed the success of her methods, an official occupational therapy unit was established. Joan was also a major player in the 1957 creation of the North Queensland Subnormal Children's Welfare Association (later known as Endeavour). She was also a foundation member of North Queensland Prisoners Aid Society (PAS), which promoted rehabilitation while on the inside and supported families left behind.\nFrustrated by not being able to meet community needs quickly, Joan decided to run for Council, becoming Townsville's first female councillor in 1967; a part-time position so she could continue her hospital work. In 1973 she became Deputy Mayor, and a year later was appointed Townsville Council's first Social Worker. The arts remained her greatest passion, and as chair of the council's cultural committee, she was behind the establishment of the civic theatre and art gallery's, and helped set up the Townsville Museum.\nDr Innes Reid joined the James Cook University, Townsville\u00a0in 1976 as a senior tutor in Behavioural Sciences. She was renowned for her life-long commitment to community development in the region and her efforts were instrumental in the introduction of the Bachelor of Social Work degree at the university, where she was employed as the first field coordinator in the social work program. Dr Innes Reid was a foundation member of the Townsville University Society in 1961. She served on a number of committees including the Council of the College of Advanced Education, the Halls of Residence Committee, and the University Ethics Committee before retiring in 1981.\nA commemorative plaque honouring Joan Innes Reid's contribution to Social Work and Politics in Townsville was unveiled by Mayor Tony Mooneyat at a ceremony on Thursday 28 August 2003.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tribute-to-joan-innes-reid\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-joan-innes-reid\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-joan-innes-reid-1915-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-innes-reid-1915-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tropical-odyssey-of-a-pioneer-social-worker-in-north-queensland-joan-innes-reid-with-ros-thorpe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Piesse, Winifred Margaret", "Entry ID": "PR00453", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/piesse-winifred-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Narre Warren, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Wagin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Justice of the Peace, Nurse, Parliamentarian, Shire Councillor", "Summary": "Winifred Piesse became the first woman to represent the Country Party in the Western Australian Parliament when she was elected to the Legislative Council for a six year term, beginning in May 1977. Her extensive experience in nursing ensured that health matters were high on her Parliamentary agenda. She was particularly concerned about issues affecting children and youth, and also urged the government to urgently fund research into breast cancer, especially its high incidence in young mothers.\n", "Details": "Winifred Margaret Aumann was born in 1923 to Frederick Benjamin Aumann, an orchardist, and Marguerite Gertrude Pettingill. She was educated at Narre Warren State School and Dandenong High School, and later completed certificates in Nursing, Midwifery and Child Health. Winifred worked as a nurse in Melbourne from 1944 until 1946, when she moved to Western Australia and worked in hospitals in Busselton and Narrogin. In 1947 she married Mervyn Piesse, a farmer at Wagin in Western Australia, about 230 kilometres south-east of Perth.\nWinifred Piesse joined the Country Party in 1948 and worked as both branch and divisional secretary. When her husband died in 1966, she returned to nursing and also managed farms in the Wagin area. She was the first woman to be elected to the Wagin Shire Council, in August 1971, and also became a Justice of the Peace in that year.\nWinifred Piesse became the first woman to represent the Country Party in the Western Australian Parliament when she was elected to the Legislative Council for a six year term, beginning in May 1977. Her extensive experience in nursing ensured that health matters were high on her Parliamentary agenda. She was particularly concerned about issues affecting children and youth, and also urged the government to urgently fund research into breast cancer, especially its high incidence in young mothers.\nPiesse lost her seat in 1983, her preferences helping to elect the Liberal candidate. After leaving Parliament Piesse served for three years on the local hospital board, and maintained her strong links with community organisations including the Country Women's Association, Farmer's Union, and the St. John's Ambulance Brigade. \u00a0\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-winifred-margaret-piesse-politician-sound-recording-interviewed-by-gail-ohanlon\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Freeman, May B", "Entry ID": "PR00535", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freeman-may-b\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "GeelongGeelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Sunday school teacher", "Summary": "May Freeman was born into a privileged Geelong, Victoria, family. Her great and lifelong contribution to her local community was as a committed volunteer leader and member of community organisations.\u00a0May was a Sunday School teacher, and was involved in the Guides and Brownies from their earliest days in 1925 until her death.\u00a0\u00a0She was a committee member of the Girls Unity Club, which provided education, recreation and support for Geelong's working girls, and was a member of\u00a0Rotary, the YWCA, the Red Cross, the Victoria League, The Royal Commonwealth Society Women's Group and the Trefoil Guild.\n", "Details": "May Freeman attended The Hermitage (Geelong Church of England Grammar School).\u00a0Her diaries, from 1917 to 1983, document the full attendant lifestyle of social calls, sports, and involvement at church.\u00a0\u00a0Upon leaving school at the end of 1918, she commenced work in an office, typing and preparing trial balances. She was a member of a number of recreational\u00a0groups: her school's Old Girls Association, and Reading Circle, as well as, in later years a Film Society.\u00a0For six and a half decades, her diaries reflected her commitment to a large number of community organisations, primarily, but not exclusively, centred on the Girl Guides, the Presbyterian Church and the YWCA.\u00a0She made a trip to England in 1936, to attend events hosted by the English patrons of the Guides.\u00a0May never married, and died in September 1988, aged 88.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federation-index-victoria-1889-1901-index-to-births-deaths-and-marriages-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-eastern-cemetery-funeral-service-deceased-listings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-advertiser-19-21-september-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-federation-index-victoria-1889-1901\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-girls-unity-club-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-kindergarten-girl-guides-company\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-of-victoria-aberdeen-street-geelong-vic-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freeman-may-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Noy, Catherine", "Entry ID": "PR00540", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/noy-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warragul, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Community worker", "Summary": "The daughter and grand-daughter of Gippsland dairy farmers, Catherine Noy has always been involved in her local community.\u00a0Based in Gippsland, she was at the geographical epicentre of the Women in Agriculture movement, and worked on the administration of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference, the Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women, and the projects of the Gippsland Women's Network.\u00a0\n", "Details": "After leaving her job at Agriculture Victoria in Warragul to raise a family, Catherine ran her own management administration service, and became involved at a critical moment in the administration of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference, with Maria Rose.\u00a0She spent\u00a0four years (1995-1999) as executive officer of the Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women, before moving on, as Networking Officer, to organise forums and skills workshops for the Gippsland Women's Network, in response to needs highlighted by the conference.\u00a0These included the Women Who Mean Business Project (2002-2004), the Uniting Our Rural Communities Cultural and Community Leadership Project (1997), and the Having Your Voice Heard Forum (2000). Catherine both experienced at first hand and witnessed the transformative effects of the Conference and its outcomes on the empowerment of rural women, and on their recognition of the importance of the links between them, and\u00a0of their strengths.\u00a0 Women\u00a0became innovators on\u00a0family farms as a result. Catherine is currently involved in pastoral care for the aged, in counselling, and with Radio Print Handicapped.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-agriculture-farming-for-our-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/project-report-international-women-in-agriculture-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-salute-from-australia-at-the-2nd-international-conference-on-women-in-agriculture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Anwyl, Megan Irene", "Entry ID": "PR00545", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anwyl-megan-irene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advisor, Lawyer, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Megan Anwyl was elected to the thirty-fourth Parliament of Western Australia for Kalgoorlie at the by-election on 16 March 1996, representing the Australian Labor Party. The election was\u00a0held to fill the vacancy consequent upon the resignation of Hon. Ian Frederick Taylor. Anwyl was re-elected in 1996, and\u00a0defeated on 10 February 2001.\n", "Details": "Megan Anwyl was born in Melbourne in 1962. Her parents, John Anwyl and Jill Blackstock, were both highly qualified professional educators with well-developed egalitarian philosophies. Megan Anwyl gained law and arts degrees from the University of Melbourne, and practised as a solicitor in Melbourne and Kalgoorlie. She was elected to the Parliament of Western Australia for Kalgoorlie on 16 March 1996, representing the Australian Labor Party. Anwyl was re-elected in 1996, and defeated on 10 February 2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Guise, Dianne Joy", "Entry ID": "PR00549", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guise-dianne-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Dianne Guise was elected to the Thirty-sixth Parliament of Western Australia as the Australian Labor Party Member for the Legislative Assembly seat of Wanneroo. She was re-elected in 2005, but defeated at the general election of 6 September 2008 and succeeded in Wanneroo by Mr Paul Terrence Miles (Liberal).\n", "Details": "Dianne Guise was born in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1952, and arrived in Western Australia in 1970. As a member of the Australian Labor Party, she was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Western Australia for Wanneroo on 10 February 2001, and was re-elected in 2005. Guise was defeated at the general election of 6 September 2008 for Wanneroo and succeeded by Mr Paul Terrence Miles (Liberal).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parker, Rhonda Kathleen", "Entry ID": "PR00556", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parker-rhonda-kathleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warragul, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Rhonda Parker was elected to the Thirty-fourth Parliament of Western Australia as the Liberal Party member\u00a0for the Legislative Assembly seat of Helena at a by-election held on 26 September 1994 consequent upon the resignation of Gordon Leslie Hill. The electorate was abolished in a redistribution 1994. She was then elected to the Thirty-Fifth Parliament for Ballajura (new seat) on 14 December 1996. She was defeated at the elections held on 10 February 2001.\n", "Details": "Rhonda Kathleen Davey was born in Warrigal, Victoria, in 1954. Her father, Reg Davey, was a farmer; his wife Mavis a nurse. Rhonda attended Swan Hill Senior High School, and arrived in Western Australia in 1967, where she attended John Curtin Senior High School. She graduated from Edith Cowan University with a Diploma of Teaching, and married Neville Parker in 1973. Parker (Liberal Party of Australia) was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Western Australia for Helena at a by-election held on 26 September 1994. This electorate was abolished in a redistribution 1994, and Parker was then elected for Ballajura (new seat) on 14 December 1996. She was defeated on 10 February 2001.\nThe page for Rhonda Kathleen Parker on the website for the Parliament of Western Australia is at http:\/\/www.parliament.wa.gov.au\/Parliament%5CMemblist.nsf\/WAllMembersFlat\/Parker,+Rhonda+Kathleen?opendocument\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MacTiernan, Alannah Joan Geraldine", "Entry ID": "PR00580", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mactiernan-alannah-joan-geraldine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Partner, Solicitor", "Summary": "Alannah MacTiernan was elected to the Thirty-Fourth Parliament of Western Australia as the Australian Labor Party member for the East Metropolitan Region (Legislative Council) on 6 February 1993 for a term commencing on 22 May 1993. She resigned on 21 November 1996. She was then elected to the Thirty-Fifth Parliament for Armadale on 14 December 1996 in succession to Hon Elsie Kay Hallahan (retired). MacTiernana was re-elected 2001, 2005, and 2008. She served as the Minister for Planning and Infrastructure from 16 February 2001 - 6 September 2008.\n", "Details": "Alannah Joan Geraldine MacTiernan was born in Melbourne in 1953, and attended St. Bernadettes Primary School in East Ivanhoe and Our Lady of Mercy College in Heidelberg. She moved to Western Australia at the age of eighteen, and worked various jobs before completing a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Western Australia. She then worked in Aboriginal Employment and Training, and established and ran a suburban newspaper, before completing a law degree in 1986. MacTiernan practised with the Dwyer Durack law firm from 1987 to 1993, and became a partner of the firm in 1992. MacTiernan had joined the Australian Labor Party in 1976, and established the Highgate branch in 1981. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Western Australia for the East Metropolitan Region (Legislative Council) on 6 February 1993 for term commencing 22 May 1993. She resigned on 21 November 1996 and was elected as member for Armadale on 14 December 1996 in succession to Hon Elsie Kay Hallahan (retired). MacTiernan was re-elected in 2001, 2005 and 2008, and was Minister for Planning and Infrastructure from 16 February 2001 - 6 September 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alannah-mactiernan-media-statements-2006-2008-online\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rose, Maria", "Entry ID": "PR00634", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rose-maria\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Public servant, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "In her role as an agricultural scientist with the Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Maria Rose was one of the femocrats whose work was vital in both empowering rural women, and\u00a0supporting initiatives of the Women in Agriculture Movement, particularly the First International Women in Agriculture Conference, for which she was Program Co-ordinator.\n", "Details": "The daughter of German and Ukrainian migrant parents, Maria Rose completed a degree in Agricultural Science in 1981, before joining what is now the Department of Primary Industries Victoria's Maffra office (in eastern Victoria), where she faced challenges because of her urban background and gender.\u00a0In 1989, Maria joined the Office of Rural Affairs (ORA) in the Department, seeing\u00a0the move as\u00a0an opportunity to empower rural communities.\u00a0\nWomen farmers were often hesitant to ask basic technical questions in front of male counterparts.\u00a0When a colleague of Maria's in the Warragul district, Mick Maguire, began to run women-only courses, Maria extended them to more isolated areas, where she perceived an even greater need.\u00a0In 1991 she brought the two groups of women together, in the first use of the term 'Women on Farms Gathering' which was later used for the annual gatherings of farm women across Victoria and then Australia.\u00a0\nIn 1992 she was seconded to the Committee organising the First International Women in Agriculture Conference as program co-ordinator.\u00a0With assistant Catherine Noy she organised 130 presenters, worked at the conference itself, authored a post-conference report for the Department of Agriculture, which made specific recommendations for future engagement with farm women, and was an editor of the proceedings.\u00a0She attended the second and third conferences, in Washington and Madrid, as a presenter, and participant, respectively.\u00a0\nMaria completed a Masters of Applied Science at the University of Western Sydney in 1993 and is completing a PhD on exploring social processes in farmer education methods focusing on water use efficiency.\u00a0Her current role with the Department is with the Dairy Extension Centre as a practice change agent in irrigation water reform.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-agriculture-farming-for-our-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/farmers-best-teachers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/project-report-international-women-in-agriculture-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Goodman, Ada Laura", "Entry ID": "PR00716", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goodman-ada-laura\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Newtown, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Church worker, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Ada Laura Goodman was the daughter of Canon George Goodman, of Christ Church Geelong, who was an early member of the Anglican Church in Australia, and, together with his wife Margaret, a philanthropic worker.\u00a0Miss Goodman was Honorary Secretary of the Geelong District Nursing Society from its inception in 1906 until her death in 1931, and also vice-president of the Geelong & Western District Ladies' Benevolent Society.\u00a0In the latter capacity she was superintendent of the Austin Cottages for many years. She was a member of the Geelong Church of England Girls' Grammar School Council, and was organist and Sunday School teacher at Christ Church, where she was involved with all the clubs and societies.\u00a0Miss Goodman was also Honorary Secretary of the Baby Health Centre from its establishment in Geelong in 1917.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-times-21-august-1922\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/argus-melbourne-5-september-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-district-nursing-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-western-district-ladies-benevolent-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McHenry, Zoe Rosalind", "Entry ID": "PR00741", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mchenry-zoe-rosalind\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Accompanist, Composer, Musician, Teacher", "Summary": "Zoe McHenry was the great -grand-daughter of Brunswick, Victoria, pioneers Luisa and Thomas Wilkinson, and the grand-daughter of Victoria's first woman pharmacist, Sarah George.\u00a0A pianist and music teacher, Zoe\u00a0Henry was employed in 1943,\u00a0its inaugural year, by the ABC's\u00a0 Kindergarten of the Air,\u00a0as a pianist.\u00a0 Recognising the dearth of appropriate music for children's activities, \u00a0Zoe\u00a0 began to compose for the program.\u00a0 She continued to do so after leaving the program in order to care for her father, who was ill.\u00a0 She published several books of music and songs for kindergarten,\u00a0 travelling to London in 1962 to record.\u00a0 Her music is still recorded and used today, including on\u00a0the ABC's 'Play School'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kindergarten-of-the-air-as-i-knew-it\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kindergarten-of-the-air-part-1includes-42-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilkinson-george-mchenry-family-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kindergarten-of-the-air-part-2includes-34-photographs\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Sibyl Elyne", "Entry ID": "PR00750", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-sibyl-elyne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Corryong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Cattle Farmer, Community worker, Skier, Writer", "Summary": "Elyne Mitchell is an Australian writer who is best known for the Silver Brumby series of children's books.\n", "Details": "Elyne Mitchell was the daughter of General Sir Harry Chauvel, who commanded the Desert Mounted Corps in World War One.\u00a0She attended St Catherine's School, Toorak, between 1924 and 1931.\u00a0In 1935, at the age of 20, Elyne married Tom Mitchell, moving to his cattle station Towong Hill in the Snowy Mountains.\u00a0Tom Mitchell was a lawyer, and champion skier, and Elyne won the Canadian downhill skiing championship in 1938.\u00a0While her husband, who was to become State Attorney-General from 1950-52, studied at Harvard, she studied international relations at Radcliffe.\u00a0During the Second World War, Elyne Mitchell was part of a group of nationalist writers, who wrote poetry and prose centred on the Australian landscape.\u00a0In this period, she wrote Australia's Alps (Sydney: Angus & Robertson,\u00a01942) and Speak to the Earth (Sydney:\u00a0 Angus\u00a0& Robertson, 1945).\u00a0She is the author of 72 works of poetry, autobiography, and children's and adult fiction. Elyne is best known, however, for the Silver Brumby series of children's books.\u00a0She wrote the first for her daughter Indi, out of concern about the lack of Australian content in books.\u00a0Elyne Mitchell worked closely with youth organisations in the Upper Murray community.\u00a0 In 1990 she received the Order of Australia Medal, for services to children's literature.\u00a0 In 1993, she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Charles Sturt University.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elyne-mitchell-matriarch-of-the-high-country\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-elyne-mitchell-circa-1928-2002-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-who-have-achieved\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dow, Hilda May", "Entry ID": "PR00761", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dow-hilda-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Essendon, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Chiltern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Pharmacist", "Summary": "Hilda Dow (nee Grey) was the daughter of police magistrate Charles Grey, and sister of Royal Melbourne Hospital Lady Superintendent Helene Grey, OBE. Hilda Grey became a student of the Victorian College of Pharmacy in 1919. In 1929, she was working at Poynton's pharmacy in Morwell, when she purchased the pharmacy at Chiltern in Victoria. She was elected to the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria as a member in 1930 Hilda apprenticed her husband, Roy Dow, and the two ran the pharmacy in Chiltern until 1968, when they closed the doors. In 1988 Mrs Dow donated the pharmacy, which had been operating on the site since 1859, intact to the National Trust, and it is now a museum. Hilda Dow was a foundation member of the North East branch of the National Trust, a member of the hospital committee and board, of the Infant Welfare Centre and the Red Cross, and a member and office bearer of the Chiltern Branch of the County Women's Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dows-pharmacy-a-brief-history-of-the-chemists-shop-in-conness-street\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pharmacy-board-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chiltern-athenaeum-trust-museum-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dows-pharmacy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-who-have-achieved\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Johnson, Lyn", "Entry ID": "PR00820", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnson-lyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yarraville, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Cheesemaker, Dairy Farmer, Rural leader, Women in Agriculture Movement", "Summary": "Lyn Johnson, in partnership with her husband Rob, was a dairy farmer in Gippsland in Victoria. Together they planned and led study tours for dairy farmers to the USA, Canada, the UK and Europe, starting the Tarago River Cheese Company on their return. The successful organisation and activism of American rural women inspired Lyn's own active commitment to the movement, and to women at the grass roots level in particular. Her work to have women's role in agriculture acknowledged, and their voice heard, has included involvement in the organisation of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference, and the Women on Farms Gatherings.\n", "Details": "As a city girl who married into a dairy farming family, Lyn Johnson was active from the beginning in the industry itself. In the late 70s and early 80s she helped organise, and attended, industry discussion groups, led study tours, and in 1983 became a director in their family's expansion into cheese-making: the Tarago River Cheese Company. Her trips to America had opened her eyes to the activism of American women, who had their own organisations, knew their industries intimately, and were involved in successful and ongoing lobbying in Washington. Her activism also had its roots in the 1979 conference 'The Woman in Country Australia Looks Ahead', convened by Brian Clarke of McMillan Rural Studies Centre in Warragul, and held at La Trobe University. Lyn attended the 1980 American Agri-Women's Convention in Pennsylvania. On her return, she was a primary organiser of the Women On Farms: Expanding Their Sphere of Influence Conference at Melbourne University (1980), which had the aim of recognising the skills, influence and involvement that farming women already had.\nLyn was a founding committee member of the Australian Women in Agriculture peak body, and an organiser of the ground breaking First International Women in Agriculture Conference, playing a key role in greeting the women coming from overseas. She has been involved with the Women on Farms Gatherings from the beginning, is one of three women who have attended every Gathering since their inception, and was a committee member of the 1999 and 2009 Gatherings at Warragul. She is a member of Museum Victoria's Women on Farms Gatherings Heritage Group, representing the Warragul Gatherings. Lyn is motivated by her belief in women 'doing it for themselves', in 'flat' rather than hierarchical organisations - a shared value of the Women in Agriculture organisations - and in the grass-roots abilities that women already have.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-speaker-profiles-lyn-johnson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/partners-in-a-value-added-product-cheese-to-infinity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-mclennan-with-lyn-johnson-interview\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-farms-gathering-heritage-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-rural-women-visible-a-living-history-of-the-victorian-women-on-farms-gathering-wofg-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dunn, Dorothy Joan", "Entry ID": "PR00824", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dunn-dorothy-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Skipton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Farmer", "Summary": "Dorothy Dunn lost her husband in the 1979 Streatham, Victoria bushfires. She decided to continue to run their farm on her own, and quickly realised that farming in Australia was seen as a male profession. The contribution of women was invisible, and they had little influence in decision making at any level. In 1992 she attended a meeting of similar minded women in Ballarat, Victoria, convened by Liz Hogan, a Project Officer with the Rural Women's Network. Out of the meeting, the peak body Australian Women in Agriculture was formed, with Dorothy as inaugural president. Her presidency and long history of work as an advocate for the role of women in agricultural policy making was recognised with an AO in 1999.\n", "Details": "1988-94: Councillor, Shire of Ararat. Dorothy Dunn has also been involved in her local community as Secretary of the development committee, and as a member of the Central Highlands Rural Finance Counselling Service. Her service to the development of her rural community was acknowledged with the award of a Centenary Medal in 2001.\n1992 - February 1993: Member of committee to set up Australian Women in Agriculture organisation.\n1993-1997: Founding member, and inaugural President, Australian Women in Agriculture, one of three national bodies representing rural women at state and federal level, to recognise, support and raise the profile of rural women's contribution to agriculture and natural resource management, to unite such women and to facilitate their participation in decision making. Upon retirement from the Presidency, Dorothy remained as a Board Member for the following year, and was at the same time (1997-99) a member of the Victorian Rural Women's Reference Group for the Office of Rural Affairs, Department of National Resources and Environment.\n1993: Participant, Women's Stories, 4th Annual Women on Farms Gathering, Tallangatta.\n1994: Committee Member, Treasurer, First International Women in Agriculture Conference.\n1995: Member of the Steering Committee, National Rural Women's Forum, Canberra, as President of AWiA. Out of this Forum came the National Rural Women's Agenda, for the guidance of the Women's Policy Unit within the Department of Primary Industries and Energy.\n1996: Steering Committee member, Ararat Women on Farms Gathering.\n1997: Opened Bendigo Women on Farms Gathering, with Pat McNamara, Minister for Agriculture and Resources.\n1998: National sponsorship co-ordinator and delegate, 2nd International Women in Agriculture Conference, Washington.\n1999:\n\nSubmission, 'Australian Women in Agriculture', to The Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Regional Services, Inquiry into Infrastructure and the Development of Australia's Regional Areas, as Policy Convenor, AWiA.\nAdmitted as an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)\n\n2001:\n\nFacilitator, Social Issues Group, Australian Women in Agriculture Conference.\nRecipient, Centenary Medal.\n\nDorothy Dunn is still actively involved in her local community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-submission-to-the-standing-committee-on-primary-industries-and-regional-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-interview-dorothy-dunn-with-shane-mahony\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marius-cuming-interview-with-dorothy-dunn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chambers, Joy", "Entry ID": "PR00834", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chambers-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Violet Town, Victoria", "Occupations": "Farmer, social activist", "Summary": "Joy Chambers was born in the Strathbogie ranges, into a faming family, and married a central Victorian farmer.\u00a0After her retirement from teaching, and acting on her belief that the important role women played in agriculture should be recognised and encouraged, she took an active role in what became known collectively as the Women in Agriculture movement.\u00a0She became a member of FarmAdvance, and was on the steering committee of the 1994 First International Women in Agriculture conference, working on publicity.\u00a0After the conference, Joy was a founding member of the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group (CVWiA).\u00a0She organised the workshops for the 1997 Bendigo Women on Farms Gathering, which the CVWiA organised, and instigated the Knickers Fund, which the group administered.\u00a0Joy was active in the anti-GM (genetically modified foods)\u00a0lobby, and the broadacre family farm has been granted organic accreditation..\u00a0\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dietrich, Laurene", "Entry ID": "PR00840", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dietrich-laurene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Feminist", "Summary": "After an early career in teaching, Laurene Dietrich moved into the area of community development, working on a number of projects which reflected her commitment to social justice and equity, particularly in regard to rural women.\u00a0She was the first equal opportunity officer at the Bendigo campus of La Trobe University, and was employed\u00a0to work on the organisation of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference\n", "Details": "In 1994 Laurene Dietrich, having worked to set up a student association at Ballarat School of Mines, was working at Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, setting up a photography competition for entries reflecting the work of women agricultural workers.\u00a0She had met Anna Lottkowitz, of the Rural Women's Network, while organising International Women's Day celebrations, and at her suggestion, was employed to organise the flights and accommodation of women who came to speak at the First International Women in Agriculture Conference and for whom sponsorship had been found.\u00a0She also organised their post-conference visits to Australian farms. \u00a0Prior to this, Laurene had researched and written a report on South Australian women's attitude to tertiary education for Roseworthy Agricultural College.\u00a0She had also been the Project Worker employed by Ballarat Centre Against Sexual Assault for the 'Best Practice in Ararat' project, which aimed to enhance the knowledge and skills of health workers in confronting sexual assault, and worked with the disadvantaged schools program.\nDuring the conference, Laurene took the informal photographs which grace many publications, and now form part of the archival record of the Conference.\u00a0As a member of CVWiA, she did the same for the 1997 Bendigo Women on Farms Gathering.\nOverseen by researcher Ruth Liepins, Laurene compiled the post conference evaluation, based on questionnaires filled out at the conference, and also mailed after three months. The evaluation, published in 1995 as Agents for Change:\u00a0Farming \u00a0for our Future, had to be both readable to the attendees, and useful as research for the purposes of lobbying for change.\nSince the conference, Laurene has been involved in a number of projects in the area of community development, social justice and equity, focussing on rural women.\u00a0\u00a0In the late 90s she headed a Vic Health funded project in the small town of Macarthur, working with rural women on, amongst other projects, access to childcare. \u00a0In June 1998, with fellow Central Victorian Women in Agriculture member Joy Chambers, she convened a Link-up Conference at the YMCA in Melbourne, over the weekend of the Second International Conference in Washington, so that rural Victorian women could speak to their delegates in America.\u00a0More recently she had been state co-ordinator of the Victorian Public Tenants Association.\u00a0She is now resident in south-eastern Victoria, and is involved in revitalising the Women's Action Collective and increasing its appeal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/agents-for-change-farming-for-our-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/theres-no-full-on-rape-here-confronting-violence-against-women-in-a-country-town\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-laurene-dietrich-1990-1994-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-gippsland-womens-network-1994-2006-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-report-on-attitudes-of-south-australian-women-to-tertiary-education-by-laurene-dietrich\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carmichael, Grace Elizabeth Jennings", "Entry ID": "PR00853", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmichael-grace-elizabeth-jennings\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Leyton, England", "Occupations": "Nurse, Poet", "Summary": "Grace Carmichael worked as a nurse and poet, and during her lifetime contributed many poems to newspapers and published her own book of verse in 1895.\u00a0Grace is best known by her pen name Jennings Carmichael. The Australian poets Henry Lawson and Henry Tate have both written poems about her.\n", "Details": "Grace Elizabeth Jennings Carmichael was born in Ballarat to parents Margaret Jennings (n\u00e9e Clark) and Archibald Carmichael, a pioneer miner. Margaret and Archibald were originally from England and Scotland, respectively. In the 1860s two of Grace Carmichael's siblings died in infancy, and in 1870, Archibald Carmichael died aged 51. His widow remarried in 1975 to Charles Naylor Henderson. The family moved from Ballarat to Gippsland, where Charles Henderson worked near Orbost. It was here that Grace Carmichael most likely began writing her poetry, inspired by the surrounding Gippsland bush. Her early works were published by the Bairnsdale Advertiser and the Weekly Times, and it was in Australasian that she first used her penname Jennings Carmichael. In 1888, at the age of 21, she began training as a nurse at the Melbourne Hospital for Sick Children. Her experiences at this hospital would be told in her 1891 novel, Hospital Children. She became a qualified nurse in 1890 and worked in Geelong. A book of verse entitled Poems was published in Australia and England in 1895. That same year, she married Francis Mullis, an English architect. They lived in South Australia for some time before moving to England. In England, the couple and their six children lived in poverty. Three of these children predeceased Jennings Carmichael, and she herself died in 1904 of pneumonia. Her three remaining children were left impoverished in a workhouse. In 1910, a group of Carmichael's admirers brought these children to Victoria, whereupon they took their mother's maiden name. In the late 1930s, plaques were unveiled in Orbost and Ballarat in honour of Jennings Carmichael.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-poetess-grace-jennings-carmichael\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennings-carmichael-poetess-picture-mendelssohn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grace-jennings-carmichael-from-croajingolong-to-london-with-an-annotated-bibliography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmichael-grace-elizabeth-jennings-1867-1914\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wood, Marie", "Entry ID": "PR00858", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wood-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Marie Wood graduated in Arts from the University of Melbourne in 1967, taught at McKinnon High School, Melbourne, and trained briefly\u00a0as a graduate nurse\u00a0at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. In late 1969 she joined the New South Wales Department of Child and Welfare Services as a teacher at Bidura, Glebe, a temporary receiving home for children removed from their families before allocation to foster homes or other institutions. From February to July\u00a01970, she taught girls convicted of 'exposure to moral danger' and similar offences at the Department's Ormond Training School for Girls, Thornleigh, Sydney.\n", "Details": "Marie Wood was born at Elwood, Melbourne, in 1946, one of the six children of Gordon Stanway, a paper merchant, and Mary ne\u00e9 Reid. She was educated at the Star of the Sea Convent, Garden Vale, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne in 1967. She taught at Mckinnon High School, Melbourne, before enrolling as a graduate student in nursing at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, in February 1969. On abandoning her nursing studies she joined the New South Wales Department of Child and Welfare Services as a teacher at Bidura, Glebe, a receiving home where children were temporarily accommodated awaiting placement in foster homes or transfer to other establishments.\nFrom February to July 1970 she was transferred to teach at the Department's Ormond Training School for Girls at Thornleigh, where she taught a class of younger girls who had been convicted of 'exposure to moral danger' and similar offences. In 1971 she completed her teacher training with the New South Wales Department of Education and taught at Bass Hill High, before traveling to London where she taught in the East End for the Inner London Education Authority. While in London she married an Australian diplomat, Gregory Wood, they have three sons. She is currently Manager, Strategic Development, in the National Office of Museums Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marie-wood-interviewed-by-ann-mari-jordens-in-the-forgotten-australians-and-former-child-migrants-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harcourt, Alison", "Entry ID": "AWE6390", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harcourt-alison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Community stalwart, Statistician", "Summary": "Alison Harcourt (nee Doig) is an inspiring pioneer in mathematics, statistics and computer science. As a woman in an almost exclusively male field, her groundbreaking work from the 1950s on was often overshadowed. In recent years, however, the importance of her contributions has begun to be acknowledged more widely. In October 2018 Doig was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science (honoris causa) by the University of Melbourne.\nShe is perhaps best known for developing integer linear programming - a basis of efficient computer processing - in a paper published with Ailsa Land in 1960. About 3000 academic journal articles have cited the paper since. This technique became know as Branch and Bound method and has numerous practical and mathematical applications. Earlier, Alison had been among the first users of CSIRAC, Australia's first digital computer.\nAs well as her significant academic achievements, Alison is a stalwart in community organisations. For over 30 years Alison has been a volunteer deliverer for the Kew (and later Boroondara) Meals-on Wheels service. She has also played an active role in many other community organisations, including the Melbourne Film Festival (which later became the Melbourne International Film Festival) (secretary, 1955 - 56); the Kew Primary School Parents' Association (secretary, 1980 - 84); a Council of Adult Education book group leader (secretary, 1998 - 2015); and a study group at the Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism (coordinator, 1999 - 2014).\n", "Events": "Officer of the Order of Australia (AO): For distinguished service to mathematics and computer science through pioneering research and development of integer linear programming. (2019 - 2019)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alison-harcourt-receives-doctor-of-science-honoris-causa\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gelman, Sylvia", "Entry ID": "AWE6392", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gelman-sylvia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Equestrian, Gymnast, Public speaker, Teacher, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Sylvia Gelman was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1981 'in recognition of service to education, youth and the Jewish community'. She was also appointed Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2003 'in recognition of service to the community, particularly through a range of organisations concerned with issues affecting women'. These organisations included The National Council of Jewish Women of Victoria and Australia, the Young Women's Christian Association of Victoria, and both the national and Victorian branches of the National Council of Women.\n", "Details": "Sylvia Gelman (nee Benn) was born on the 17th April 1919 in Fitzroy, Melbourne, the daughter of Maurice Benn and Elizabeth Jacobs, who had arrived in Australia from the UK in 1910. They had travelled to Australia for their honeymoon, and Maurice was so seasick on the way out he swore he would never travel anywhere again by sea. Their honeymoon lasted the fifty years that they were together in Australia. Sylvia was educated at University High School and the Melbourne Teachers' College, University of Melbourne. She was a dynamic and memorable teacher of a wide range of subjects. After graduation she taught in several rural schools. Eventually Sylvia was appointed Senior Mistress at Mount Scopus College in 1953 and she was constantly greeted in such places as Hospital Emergency rooms by doctors and former pupils at social Maccabi Sports functions with enormous affection, saying 'Mrs Gelman, you taught me and I wouldn't be where I am today without you.'\nHer passion was always education and she said, 'There is a saying that if you educate a man, you are educating an individual, but if you educate a woman, you are educating a family. Women's roles have changed a lot over the years.'\nIn 1938 Sylvia met her match in more ways than one. They met through their mutual interest in sport when Manuel Gelman, as the President of Associated Judean Athletics Clubs (AJAX), asked her to become Secretary of what is now known as Victoria Maccabi. They married in 1950. In those days female teachers had to resign from the Education Department schools on marriage. Sylvia did so but immediately started teaching at Mount Scopus. Sylvia and Mannie were a perfect team. Of equal intellect, they also shared a love of travel. They were partners both at work and play.\nIn an anniversary tribute to Mannie in January 1993 Sylvia wrote 'It was with you that I thrilled to the exciting sounds of Antonio and his dancers at the Zarzuella in Madrid, and, it was with you that I stood in awe before the paintings in the Caves of Lascaux touched by the spirit of their Cro-Magnon creators. They were married for forty-three eventful years until sadly, Mannie died later that year on 25 August 1993.\nIn his memory, Sylvia established an Award for Teaching Excellence in the Faculty of Education at Melbourne University. His nephew Graham Solomon said 'he had an insatiable appetite for the arts. If it had not been for him I would never have been able to envelope myself in the delights of the English language. I must give special thanks to Auntie Sylvia, for without her, the world would have seen only half the man that is Mannie Gelman.'\nIn 1992, in Melbourne, the French Ambassador Philippe Baud presented Mannie with the Order of the Legion d'Honneur for his contribution to his 60 years of promoting France's language, civilisation and culture. Fluent in French, he inspired his students by his love of all language, so much so that the students at Coburg High School demanded that he teach them both French and Latin, when their choice was limited to just one language - and they won.\nIn the 1970s, on retiring from teaching, Sylvia became a member of the National Council of Jewish Women in Victoria (NCJW) and editor of their newsletter. After three years in that role, the retiring President Mina Fink asked her to take on the presidency. As a relative newcomer to the organisation, Sylvia refused. She pointed out that Mina had two Vice Presidents who should be considered. For several months, Mina kept insisting she accept the role, even pursuing her target at their vacation retreat at Ocean Grove until she persuaded her. 'What Mina wants, Mina gets', was a catch phrase in the Fink and NCJW families at the time and proved to be correct once again. Fink, before she retired, had invited the global organisation of the International Council of Jewish Women to hold their next convention in Australia in 1975, the UN International Women's Year, and Sylvia accepted the presidency with the proviso that it came attached with a suitable committee of skilled organisers elected to stage this conference. It did and they did stage a memorable and successful global conference. This would be the first International Council of Jewish Women Convention to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, and was also the first International Jewish Conference to be held in Australia. Sylvia persuaded the current Governor General, Sir John Kerr, to open the conference and when he arrived his aide explained sternly that he would have to leave as soon as he had finished speaking. He stayed and didn't leave until the end. When the next national conference was held in Perth, Sylvia secured Governor-General Sir Zelman Cowan as that keynote speaker.\nSylvia was appointed a Life Governor and Trustee of the National Council of Jewish Women of Australia in 1988. In 2018 they formed a Sylvia Gelman Foundation in her honour to fundraise for educational bursaries for disadvantaged students, to support the smaller sections of the organisation and also to foster overseas speakers as scholars in residence. She did much to enhance and enrich the understanding of non-Jews in multi-cultural Australia, in the uniqueness of Jewish history and made a significant improvement in the understanding and tolerance between peoples of diverse religions and ethnic backgrounds.\nThrough NCJW, Sylvia became their delegate on the Victorian National Council of Women (NCWV), eventually serving as Honorary Advisor to the Executive and was honoured to be named one of their Honorary Life Members, to be listed on the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012) and be a recipient of the Sir John Monash Award from the Jewish Community Council of Victoria in 2011 for her outstanding contribution to the state. Gracia Baylor, a former President of NCW, once said of Sylvia, 'She is a woman for all times, all seasons - ageless, blessed with a wonderful sense of humour, her intellect and her humanitarian view of life and an influence to all who come in contact with her.'\nFrom 1987 to 1990 Sylvia was the President of the National Council of Women of Victoria and her stewardship marked a great period of productivity for the organisation. At the end of her term she became the Convenor of the Arts & Letters & Music Committee and organised the publication of a book of poetry by women The Whirling Spindle, which was a great success both as a record of the writing of women poets, and for the National Council of Women as an auspicing body. Other publications followed: From a Camel to the Moon: An Anthology for the International Year of Older Persons, 1999; Valuing the Volunteers: An Anthology for the International Year of Volunteers, 2001; Forever Eve: An Anthology Celebrating NCJWV 75th Anniversary, 2002. These books delighted many of the writers, many of whom had never been published before. An impressive public speaker, she said, 'I urge people to undertake public speaking courses and get access to education in order for them to advance in all directions.' Sylvia herself has initiated public speaking workshops to achieve this end.\nThe Liberal Party of Australia Victoria Division invited her to speak at a one-day seminar. Sylvia explained that both the National Council of Women of Victoria and the National Council of Jewish Women of Victoria were strictly non-party political organisations, so any discussion of politics was not permitted. 'No' was the reply 'We want you to speak on the role of your organisation to explain the work that you do.' At one stage during her address she stated 'that men, have always considered women as a side issue.' One of the Melbourne dailies printed it as 'Quote of the week' and at the end of that year it was voted 'Quote of the Year.'\n", "Events": "Honoured by the Victorian Women's Trust 'Ordinary women Extraordinary lives' Exhibition Melbourne (2001 - 2001) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012) \nMember of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) (1981 - 1981) \nMember of the National Committee of Non-Government Organisations for the International Year of the Child (1979 - 1979) \nMember of the Order of Australia (2003 - 2003) \nQueen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977 - 1977) \nSir John Monash Award from the Jewish Community Council of Victoria (2011 - 2011) \nVictorian Women's Consultative Committee (1988 - 1989)" }, { "Title\/Name": "King, Jackie", "Entry ID": "AWE6405", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/king-jackie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Director, Executive" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marginson, Betty May", "Entry ID": "AWE6411", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Councillor, Mayor, Teacher, Volunteer", "Summary": "Betty Marginson was a pioneer in many fields as a teacher, a student and community activist, local Councillor and advocate for citizens' and women's rights. Her academic career spanned the World War II years as an undergraduate student to 1985 when she took her Diploma in Public Policy at the age of 62. As well as raising four children with her husband Ray Marginson, she taught at various State Schools from 1943 to 1982. She was the founding President of the Hawthorn Chapter of the University of the Third Age, becoming President of the Victorian network in 1993. The first woman appointed Mayor of the City of Hawthorn from 1976 to 1977, she was a Council Member from 1972 to 1981. In the wider world, Betty Marginson was President of University College, University of Melbourne from 1986 to 1991, and was a voluntary worker in many fields, including at Heide Park and Art Gallery.\n", "Details": "Betty May Marginson, was born on 3 February 1923 in Clifton Hill, Melbourne, the youngest of the five children of Winifred and William John Reilly and educated at Geelong Road Primary School, Footscray and Williamstown High School. The first in her family to attend a university, she enrolled at the Melbourne Teachers' College in 1939 and in 1943 at the University of Melbourne from which she took her BA. In 1946 she was Vice-President of the Students' Representative Council and served as Victorian Minute Secretary of the Council for Civil Liberties, working with Brian Fitzpatrick in its unsuccessful campaigns in the 1944 and 1946 referenda to persuade Victorians to vote in favour of extending Commonwealth powers.\nIn 1947 she married Raymond David Marginson. Their first son, Simon, was born in 1951 and although she returned briefly to teaching at Eltham High School, she left in 1955 after the birth of their second son, David. A third son, Gregory followed, and it was not until 1969, when their daughter Jenny was old enough for school that she returned to teaching. At Hawthorn West Central School, she taught English to immigrant children until 1982. She joined the Victorian Teachers' Union in 1969.\nShe became the Treasurer of the School Council and in 1972 was elected to the Hawthorn City Council on which she served until 1981. In 1976, she was elected its first woman Mayor and in 1979, she became the first woman elected to the Municipal Association of Victoria. She was the Local Government representative on the Victorian Child Development and Family Services\nCouncil and Hawthorn City Council representative on the Family and Community Services Regional Committee.\nBetty Marginson's influence through local government was extensive and long-lasting. Her time on the Council saw the establishment of a day-care hospital, the commissioning of a report on the needs of the ageing in the area and construction of the Hawthorn Aquatic and Leisure Centre. She joined the Australian Local Government Women's in 1972.\nHer influence on the wider community was equally impressive. Long active in the campaign for abortion law reform, Betty Marginson chaired the Consultative Council on Senior Citizens set up by the Victorian government from 1981 till 1988, when she became Vice Chairperson of its successor, the State Government Older Persons' Council. She was the foundation president of the Hawthorn chapter of the University of the Third Age and in 1993 was elected President of the Victoria State University of the Third Age Network.\nShe became a Justice of the Peace in 1979 and was a member of the Council of University College, University of Melbourne from 1983 to 1993, and served as President from 1986 to 1990. She was equally active in other areas, as a member of the National Trust of Australia and National Gallery Society of Victoria from 1960, in the Lyceum Club and as a voluntary worker at the Heide Park and Art Gallery.\nBetty Marginson's contribution to Australia life was recognised by the award of the Queen's Jubilee Medal in 1977, becoming a Member of the Order of Australia in 1993 and in 2001 becoming one of the two hundred women placed on the Honour Roll of 'Women Shaping the Nation' and receiving the Centenary of Federation Medal.\n", "Events": "Adult Community and Further Education representative of Council for Adult Education (1992 - 1992) \nCentenary of Federation Medal (2001 - 2001) \nCouncil of University College, University of Melbourne (1986 - 1986) \nFirst woman Executive Committee Member, Municipal Association of Victoria (1979 - 1979) \nFirst women Mayor of Hawthorn City Council (1976 - 1976) \nJustice of the Peace (1979 - 1979) \nMember of the Order of Australia (AM) (1993 - 1993) \nPlaced on Honour Roll of 'Women Shaping the Nation' (2001 - 2001) \nPresident of Victoria-wide network of University of the Third Age (1993 - 1993) \nQueen's Jubilee Medal (1977 - 1977)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-marginson-interviewed-by-ann-turner-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-5\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mayo, Florence Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE6427", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mayo-florence-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Single mother, War widow", "Summary": "During World War I, Queanbeyan citizens, at a public meeting held soon after news that her husband, Private John Charles Mayo, had been killed in action at Bullecourt in 1917, decided to provide a home for Florence Mayo and her two young daughters. Raising money proved more difficult than expected and Florence, described as 'a plucky woman', partly financed her land and weatherboard cottage by taking out a mortgage. She lived in Queanbeyan for the rest of her life.\nRead a longer essay on Florence Mayo in the online exhibition War Widows of the ACT: A Forgotten Legacy of World War I.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mayo-florence-josephine-beneficiary-of-mayo-john-charles-service-number-5402\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Love, Glenora Clara", "Entry ID": "AWE6429", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/love-glenora-clara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Surrey Hills, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Mother, War widow", "Summary": "On 27 April 1915, two days after the landing, Glenora Clara Love's husband, Corporal Alfred Herbert Love, 14th Battalion AIF, was killed in action at Gallipoli. Glenora had had a troubled marriage but when she eventually received her husband's diary, she read his last words to his 'Dear Wife'. He wanted her to know, he wrote, that his 'last thoughts were of her and of Essie my darling daughter'. Glenora's marriage had been marked by two episodes when her husband had deserted her but once he began his diary on the day that he sailed from Australia he wrote only loving words of their relationship. The couple had a daughter, Esther, aged 8, and in 1912 had lost a son soon after birth. Glenora remarried two years after his death but the concerned letters she wrote to the Repatriation Department testify to her devotion to furthering her daughter Esther Love's future.\nRead a longer essay on Glenora Love in the online exhibition War Widows of the ACT: A Forgotten Legacy of World War I.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/love-alfred-herbert-service-number-1375-assistance-to-esther-love-daughter-education-and-training-scheme\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reid, Jessie Beatrice", "Entry ID": "AWE6432", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reid-jessie-beatrice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warracknabeal, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Single mother, War widow", "Summary": "When her husband, Lt John Cecil Drury Reid, was killed near Messines on the Western Front on 10 June 1917, Jessie Beatrice Reid was left a widow with three young children. On 29 August 1917, she was granted \u00a33-10-0 per fortnight widow's pension, their son, Stanley Francis, nearly 4, received 20 shillings per fortnight; daughter Joan Innes, aged 2, 15 shillings per fortnight and Margaret Lyle, not yet one year old, 10 shillings per fortnight. Jessie, aged 43, devoted the next twenty years of her life to their upbringing and education.\nRead a longer essay on Jessie Reid in the online exhibition War Widows of the ACT: A Forgotten Legacy of World War I.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dale, Sabina (Sybil) Daffodil", "Entry ID": "AWE6434", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dale-sabina-sybil-daffodil\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Mother, Sportswoman, War widow", "Summary": "Sybil Dale, aged 18, was left a widow with a young baby when her husband, Adjutant Charles Coning Dale, 21, was killed on Gallipoli on 7 August 1915. They had married in Melbourne on 10 November 1914, eight days after Dale graduated from Duntroon Military College, Canberra, and a week after he enlisted in the AIF as Lieutenant in C Squadron, 8th Light Horse. Their daughter, Valda Rita Dale, was born on 19 April 1915 at 595 Canning St, North Carlton. Sybil married again in 1924 and together her and her husband raised a family. She also went on to play cricket and hockey for Victoria.\nRead a longer essay on Sybil Dale in the online exhibition War Widows of the ACT: A Forgotten Legacy of World War I.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lindsay, Ruby", "Entry ID": "AWE6439", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lindsay-ruby\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Creswick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "United Kingdom", "Occupations": "Artist, Cartoonist, Graphic designer, Illustrator", "Summary": "Ruby Lindsay is perhaps Australia's first female graphic designer. During the early twentieth century, Ruby illustrated books and also hand drew posters and black-and-white illustrations for newspapers such as The Bulletin and Punch.\n", "Details": "Ruby Lindsay was born in Creswick, Victoria, to parents Robert and Jane Elizabeth. At the age of 16 she moved to Melbourne where she attended the National Gallery School. Ruby occasionally drew posters and black and white illustrations for well-known newspapers, and also illustrated books such as William Moore's Studio Sketches.\nIn 1907 Ruby showcased her work at the Women's Work Exhibition, held at the Melbourne Exhibition building. After submitting many pieces in competitive categories, Ruby won the First Class Diploma - a certificate which she had also designed.\nRuby married Will Dyson in Creswick in 1909 and soon after they travelled to London with Ruby's brother Norman. Whilst in London, Ruby continued illustrating books and sometimes collaborated on black-and-white illustrations and posters with her husband. In 1911, Will and Ruby had a daughter, Elizabeth (Betty). Sadly, Ruby died of influenza in 1919 at the age of 33.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lindsay-family-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruby-lindsay-dysons-autograph-book-1907\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poems-in-memory-of-a-wife-ruby-lind-will-dyson-2-copies-1857-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lind-ruby-drawings-of-rubylind-mrs-will-dyson-1887-1919\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blundell, Madeline Patricia Petrie (Patricia)", "Entry ID": "AWE5394", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blundell-madeline-patricia-petrie-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Army Nurse, Matron, Nurse", "Summary": "Patricia Blundell served in in the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) in World War I at Lemnos (Gallipoli), in Egypt, on hospital transports, in military hospitals at Wimereux near Boulogne in France and at military hospitals in England. In 1918 the ship on which she was travelling back to Australia was torpedoed in the Bay of Biscay. After being rescued by the British Navy she reached Melbourne safely on another ship. Before enlisting in 1915, she had gained military nursing experience as matron of Royal Military Hospital, Duntroon.\n", "Details": "Patricia Blundell enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) following about six months at Duntroon Military Hospital in Canberra. She and her brother, Martin Petrie Blundell, are a rare case of an Australian sister and brother serving at Gallipoli at the same time. While she tended the wounded and sick on Lemnos Island, Martin fought with the 4th Light Horse AIF on the Peninsula.\nMadeline Patricia Petrie Blundell was born in the Melbourne suburb of South Yarra on 17 March 1880, a daughter of Martin Petrie Blundell, a senior banker with the Bank of Australasia, and Emily Jane (born) Lineker. She was known by her second name, Patricia, and to her family she was Pattie. She came from an affluent family that mixed in the higher levels of Melbourne society and had a holiday home at Mt Macedon.\nIn 1911, at the age of 31, Patricia abandoned society life to enrol as a trainee nurse at Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne and after completing her training she continued to nurse at the hospital. In October 1914 she was appointed senior nursing sister (usually termed Matron) at Duntroon under the medical officer, Captain Peter Lalor, a grandson of Peter Lalor of Eureka fame. Her arrival coincided with the completion of the hospital which, for the first few years after Duntroon opened, had operated in tents and temporary accommodation and had relied on male medical orderlies. Like some other nurses who followed she was probably attracted to nursing at Duntroon to gain army experience before enlisting. She resigned from Duntroon at the end of April 1915 to volunteer for the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS).\nTwo weeks after completing her enlistment on 5 May 1915, Patricia Blundell was on board RMS Mooltan ready to depart with the complement of nursing and medical personnel to staff 3rd Australian General Hospital (AGH). She was aged 35, her religion was Church of England and she named her mother, Mrs E. Blundell, 'Noel', Upper Macedon, as her next of kin. The 3rd AGH was originally destined to be stationed in England but the huge number of casualties on Gallipoli from 25 April 1915 caused a change of plans.\nAbout a month after their arrival in London the nurses and medical staff were sent to Lemnos, a Greek Island off the coast of Gallipoli, to nurse AIF casualties from Anzac Cove. The Australian nurses arrived early in August to find their tent hospital only partly constructed, wounded patients lying in the mud and grave shortages of medical supplies, food and even water. The nurses were housed in tents but had no beds or mattresses and they gave their eating and drinking utensils to their patients. When a further convoy of wounded arrived the nurses used their own soap and tore up items of their clothing to bandage their patients. The conditions for the wounded were so bad, one nurse wrote that her wish was that any soldier casualty she knew would be killed outright in the fighting. Through August huge numbers of casualties arrived from the offensive early in that month but from September most of the one thousand patients treated at any one time were suffering from disease which spread rapidly as the health of the troops in the trenches collapsed. Many were severe dysentery and enteric (typhoid fever) cases. After three weeks' treatment on Lemnos those who were not declared fit to return to battle were sent on to army hospitals in Egypt or England for further treatment.\nOn 11 December 1915, Patricia's brother, 24-year-old Martin Petrie Blundell, 7th Reinforcements, 4th Light Horse Regiment, was evacuated to Lemnos as part of the general evacuation from Gallipoli. While on Lemnos waiting for transport to Egypt, he recorded in his diary and in letters to his mother his visits to the hospital to have tea with his sister Pattie. Eleven years younger than Patricia, Martin was born at Toorak in 1891. He was working as s a station overseer when he enlisted in Rockhampton early in 1915, a few months before his sister. After the Gallipoli evacuation he was on Lemnos until towards the end of December 1915 when he left for Alexandria. In March 1916 he sailed to Marseilles where he was initially posted to II Anzac Mounted Regiment.\nIn January 1916 Patricia left Lemnos with the 3rd AGH to move to Abbassia on the outskirts of Cairo where the hospital was set up in a huge building that had been the Egyptian Army Barracks. Regarded as one of the best Australian general hospitals organised during the war, it had been fitted out with the help of the Australian Red Cross. Nurses appreciated the better conditions after the bitter winter weather and disease that had undermined their health on Lemnos.\nAfter seven months at Abbassia, Patricia left for Malta to serve on the British hospital ship Guilford Castle which carried patients from Egypt to Mediterranean ports. In October 1916 she was posted to the 3rd Australian Auxiliary Hospital (AAH) at Dartford, Kent, a clearing station for patients from the Western Front and a specialised hospital for shell shock casualties.\nIn January 1917 Sister Blundell was posted to the 2nd Australian General Hospital in France, a tent hospital on desolate and windswept sea cliffs at Wimereux near Boulogne, to nurse battle casualties. After more than a year nursing at Wimereux she was sent to hospital in England suffering from bronchitis and she remained in hospital for six weeks. Her health had been undermined by her long service, often in appalling conditions at hospitals at Lemnos, Egypt, England, on hospital transport duties and particularly by two winters in freezing conditions in tents at Wimereux.\nIn April 1918 she returned to nursing and was posted to the 2nd Australian Auxiliary Hospital at Harefield where many Australian casualties received medical and surgical treatment before being repatriated. On 15 April, Patricia heard the devastating news that her brother Martin, a Lance Corporal with I Anzac Corps Mounted Regiment, had been killed in action at the battle of Kemmel during the German spring offensive in Flanders. His body was never recovered. He was killed near the summit of Mont Kemmel while acting as liaison with French forces during an intense bombardment. He was among 5000 casualties of the battle.\nOn 10 July 1918 Patricia Blundell boarded HMAT Barunga on what she and the 800 returning AIF soldiers and nurses on board hoped would be an uneventful journey back to Australia. Although suffering from debility she was on nursing duty on board the ship. Less than 24 hours after the journey began, Barunga was holed by a German torpedo from a U boat in the Bay of Biscay and began to sink. All on board had to abandon ship, some in lifeboats, others on rafts and some swimming. All were rescued by British destroyers.\nLater that month Patricia Blundell left England again on HMAT Boonah and arrived safely in Melbourne. She spent some months recuperating at Osborne House, a military convalescent hospital for nurses in Geelong. When she applied to the Army Medical Board for discharge stating she was 'very tired out', the Board ruled that she had no permanent disability but discharged her as permanently unfit for further service.\nPatricia Blundell did not work again as a nurse and she did not marry. Her mother who died in the 1920s left her a substantial legacy which enabled her to live comfortably and make several trips to England before and after the Second World War. She is recorded living at Melbourne suburbs of East Melbourne and Toorak and sometimes at Mt Macedon with her sister Mrs Beatrice Stoving at 'Noel', a French chalet-type house which was destroyed many years later in the 1983 bushfires. 'Noel' was built on land originally part of the estate of early Victorian colonist, Charles Ryan, a grazier and stock and station agent, whose granddaughter, Lady (Maie) Casey wrote of visiting her widowed grandmother and aunts at Mt Macedon in An Australian Story.\nMadeline Patricia Petrie Blundell died at 255 Domain Road, South Yarra in 1968, aged 88. She was awarded the 1914-15 Star, the British War Medal and the Victory Medal and is listed on the ACT Memorial.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-history-of-the-australian-army-medical-services-1914-18-vol-iii-problems-and-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-army-medical-services-in-the-war-of-1914-1918-vol-i-gallipoli-palestine-and-new-guinea\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-army-medical-services-in-the-war-of-1914-1918-vol-ii-the-western-front\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-bombs-and-bandages-australian-army-nurses-at-work-in-world-war-i\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-rmc-hospital-5-camp-hospital-and-21-dental-unit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-australian-story-1837-1907\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mount-macedon-its-history-and-its-grandeur-1836-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurses-who-have-recently-left-for-the-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/19527\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/19528\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blundell-madeline-patricia-petrie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brother-and-sister-at-arms-at-gallipoli\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blundell-m-patricia-sern-sister-pob-melbourne-vic-poe-melbourne-vic-nok-blundell-p\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blundell-martin-petrie-sern-1080-pob-melbourne-vic-poe-rockhampton-qld-nok-m-blundell-m-p\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-martin-blundell-1915-1916-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Caldicott, Helen Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4391", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caldicott-helen-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner, Nuclear disarmament activist", "Summary": "Helen Caldicott has achieved an international reputation as a tireless campaigner against nuclear power and weapons. Trained as a medical practitioner, she is acutely aware of the effects of radiation on living beings and on the environment. While living in the United States of America from 1977 to 1986, she formed the organisation called 'Physicians for Social Responsibility', serving as its president from 1978 to 1983. In the belief that women had a special role to play in the peace movement, she established Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament in 1986 and became a full-time anti-nuclear activist. She addressed anti-nuclear and peace rallies in Australia and around the world and wrote a number of books on the topic of nuclear disarmament.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-passionate-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nuclear-power-is-not-the-answer-to-global-warming-or-anything-else\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/missile-envy-the-arms-race-and-nuclear-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/if-you-love-this-planet-a-plan-to-heal-the-earth\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-helen-caldicott-dr-anti-nuclear-activist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-caldicott-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McGuire, Ethel Clarice MBE, JP", "Entry ID": "AWE2309076", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcguire-ethel-clarice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker", "Summary": "Described in obituaries as 'a ruthless battler, hard to beat', and 'a fiery champion of the battlers', Ethel McGuire was a founding member of the Australian Association of Social Workers. She married in 1953 requiring her to resign from her permanent position in the Commonwealth public service, but she returned as a full-time temporary officer by the early 1960s, eventually becoming Assistant Director of the Welfare Branch in the Department of the Interior. Ethel was the driving force in the establishment of social welfare services in Canberra and in 1963 was instrumental in the creation of the ACT Council of Social Service. She played key roles in numerous Catholic voluntary and professional activities including marriage guidance, adoption, the development of the Marymead Child and Family Centre and the formation of Catholic Social Services in Canberra. She was renowned for her formidable advocacy for people, especially children, in need.\nEthel Clarice McGuire was inscribed on the ACT Honour Walk in 2020.\n", "Details": "Ethel Clarice Cannon was born on 1 June 1923, the eldest surviving child of Thomas and Jane Cannon of Sunshine, Melbourne. A devoted Catholic all her life, Ethel's family background was a potent mix of Irish Catholic working class and Scots Presbyterian, and she grew up in an environment of heated discussions around the dining table about politics, religion, trade unions, the public service, and family matters. These laid the basis not only for her steadfast determination to help children in need, in particular, but also for her formidable debating and advocacy skills later on. Her father died when Ethel was 11 and she helped her mother to raise her younger siblings, taking on part-time jobs to help the family finances. She won scholarships to secondary school and the University of Melbourne where she pursued a BA degree and studies in social science while also caring for homeless women through the Legion of Mary. Ethel graduated with a BA from the University of Melbourne in 1946 and became a founding member of the Australian Association of Social Workers. She worked for the Department of Social Security in Hobart, Melbourne and Perth where she met fellow public servant Kevin McGuire and married him in 1953. The McGuires moved to Canberra in 1955 where Kevin continued his public service career. They had five children - Thomas, Peter, Dermot, Justin and Jane.\nCanberra grew rapidly after World War 2 as public service departments were moved to the capital. The growing population was young: throughout 1950-1975, almost 40% of the population was under 21. Few people had an extended family nearby to help with burdens or crises, and social networks were insufficient to compensate for that lack. There were very few professional social workers in Canberra, and most of them were married women who were unable to pursue their careers full-time because of the near-ubiquitous 'marriage bar'. Government-funded child welfare in the ACT was originally handled by the NSW Child Welfare Department from its offices in Cooma and later in Queanbeyan. Their staff visited Canberra and supported a number of families who made their homes available for fostering and short term placement as family crises emerged. Similarly, church-based social services in the ACT were typically managed by their larger NSW service systems - e.g. the NSW Catholic Adoption Agency handled adoptions for the ACT archdiocese. These arrangements became unworkable as Canberra grew, and in 1968 the Commonwealth government enacted a Child Welfare Ordinance for the ACT, funded through and administered by the Department of the Interior. The ACT then withdrew from the NSW system. The widespread 'marriage bar' had required Ethel to resign from her permanent job but in no way stopped Ethel from continuing her involvement in social welfare matters when she arrived in Canberra, first as a volunteer and, by the early 1960s, as a full time temporary officer in the Welfare Branch of the Department of the Interior. After the marriage bar was removed in 1966, Ethel regained tenure as a permanent officer, ultimately becoming Assistant Director of Welfare until her retirement in 1989.\nEthel's 40-year career coincided with significant shifts in philosophies and practices in social welfare practice. In the 1960s, for example, she was involved in the adoption programs of both government and the Catholic church, but by the 1980s she was helping change the law to make it possible for children and their birth mothers to obtain information about each other. As the senior social worker and then Director of Welfare, Ethel had a particular interest in child welfare. Through much of her career, the policy of removing children at risk from their parents or their environment, typically placing them in institutions or foster care, was widespread and taken for granted. Ethel insisted that the ACT try to ensure that children of Indigenous background were adopted or fostered by other Indigenous families. Later in her career, as the awful consequences for many children of being removed and placed in situations of abuse and fear became much clearer, Ethel was an adviser to the Catholic church and various religious organisations in trying to help and compensate people who had suffered in such places.\nWhen Ethel arrived in Canberra in 1955, she found a very small number of other professional social workers, most of them married women who could not work full-time and so volunteered in various organisations (e.g. Ethel herself was secretary of the Catholic Marriage Guidance Council). She brought them together as the ACT Social Workers Group to encourage and support the growing number of social welfare and non-for-profit organisations that were serving the Canberra community. Under Ethel's leadership, the Group obtained a grant of 10 pounds from the local chapter of the National Council of Women to help establish an ACT Council of Social Service (COSS) as a coordinating mechanism to lead local service development, promote positive social change, be part of policy debates and contribute to the national network of Councils of Social Service. At the inaugural meeting of the ACT COSS on 30 July 1963, Ethel was appointed the Honorary Secretary of the Executive Committee. Twenty-nine agencies became members. Ten years later that had grown to 74 agencies and 34 individual members; by 2000 it had risen to some 130 agencies. The COSS was run on a shoestring in the 1960s, relying entirely on volunteers (the first paid staff member was appointed in 1972). Ethel was its driving force from the outset, and through the COSS she was able to influence almost every aspect of policy and practice in social welfare in the ACT over the next 25 years. Importantly, she ensured a significant, if hidden, subsidy from the relevant Commonwealth departments which gave their staff flexibility in volunteering their time to the COSS and its activities. As it grew, the COSS, with Ethel's close involvement, addressed issues ranging from initiation of mental health services, public housing and child poverty, to needs of the elderly, day care services, and services for children and families in crisis.\nEthel also played a key role in the formation of Catholic social services in the ACT, as the powerful NSW Catholic Welfare Service and Catholic Adoption Agency withdrew and the ACT developed its own social welfare systems and services from 1968. In particular, Ethel was instrumental in enabling the establishment in Canberra in 1967 by the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary of Marymead Child and Family Centre as an out-of-home care facility for children of families in crisis, with funding support from the Commonwealth. Over the ensuing 20 years Ethel championed Marymead and its services behind the scenes and, on occasions, in fiery battles with authorities in the Department, the ACT justice system and the Archdiocese. By the time she retired in 1989, Marymead had grown substantially and had expanded into in-home care for disadvantaged and vulnerable children and their families. Ethel joined the Board of Marymead on her retirement, serving until 1998.\nEthel McGuire was renowned for her formidable political and networking skills. As Jack Waterford, former editor of the Canberra Times, noted in his obituary, she had 'an inside line to powers through Catholic, feminist, judicial, public service, civic or old mates, as well as the experience of having been in Canberra from the time it was a fairly intimate town of under 10,000. She helped develop many of them. She never hesitated to co-opt anyone to a purpose; if her motives were invariably pure, she was entirely ruthless in pursuing her ends.' Ethel McGuire was awarded an MBE in 1976 for her public service. In addition to her responsibilities as a public servant, and voluntary work for Marymead, she served on other boards such as the YMCA and Outreach and was the first woman elected president of the ACT branch of the Professional Officers Association of the Commonwealth Public Service. Her name was inscribed on the ACT Honour Walk in 2020 in recognition of her contribution to the ACT's social services. Ethel died on 14 March 2011. Bishop Pat Power, in his eulogy at her funeral, commented that 'everyone here today would have witnessed Ethel McGuire standing up for the most vulnerable in the Canberra community. She used her professional skills, her vast experience and her considerable influence in the community to be a fierce and tireless champion of those people who would have been damaged or disadvantaged without her intervention.'\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Whitworth, Judith Ann AC", "Entry ID": "AWE23090849", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whitworth-judith-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical researcher", "Summary": "Emeritus Professor Judith Whitworth AC MB, BS, MD, PhD, DSc, FRACP, FAATSE, FAAHMS is an internationally renowned medical researcher in the fields of kidney function and blood pressure. From 1968 to 1991 she worked as physician and nephrologist in hospitals in Melbourne, Adelaide and Sydney and overseas in Paris and London. In 1997 she was the first woman to be appointed Chief Medical Officer of Australia, and from 1999 to 2009 she served as Director of the John Curtin School of Medical Research and Howard Florey professor of Medical Research at the Australian National University (ANU). Whitworth has had an extensive involvement in national organisations and professional bodies over many decades. In honour of her longtime support to women in science the Judith Whitworth Fellowship for Gender Equity was established in 2014, based at the ANU. She was the ACT Australian of the Year for 2004.\nJudith Whitworth was inscribed on the ACT Women's Honour Roll in 2004.\n", "Details": "Judith Whitworth was born in Melbourne on 1 April 1944. Attracted to a career in medicine as a result of a long hospital stay with polio as a child, she graduated from the University of Melbourne with a bachelor's degree in medicine in 1967, and Doctor of Medicine in 1974. Whitworth worked as a physician and nephrologist at the Royal Melbourne Hospital between 1968 and 1991, interspersed with periods at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Adelaide (1972), the Tenon Hospital in Paris (1973-74), and Guy's Hospital in London (1974-75). Her interest in medical research was ignited early, through a fellowship (1975-77) as a clinical researcher in the Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine in Melbourne, culminating in award of a PhD in 1978.\nFrom 1991 to 1997 Whitworth served as Head of the Department of Medicine at the St George Hospital in Sydney and (till 1999) as Professor of Medicine at the University of New South Wales. During this period she also chaired (1994-96) the Medical Research Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council. She was appointed the Chief Medical Officer for the Commonwealth in 1997, the first woman to be so. From 1999 to 2009 she served as Director of the John Curtin School of Medical Research and Howard Florey Professor of Medical Research at the Australian National University (ANU). Since then, as emeritus professor, she has continued her research into the mechanisms of high blood pressure, and her involvement with key professional bodies in Australia and overseas.\nWhitworth has made major contributions in three key areas. Her research overturned conventional understandings of how anti-inflammatory steroid hormones raise blood pressure and led to development of safer, more effective medications. In developing Australian and international clinical guidelines for dealing with hypertension, her research has aided in slowing progression of chronic kidney disease and improving management of hypertension. Her work has helped heighten awareness of the need for evidence-based research in the formulation of health policy. She has published over 500 scientific publications and held over 20 visiting professorships and lectureships throughout the world.\nIn 2001 she was made a Companion in the Order of Australia (AC) for her 'service to the advancement of academic medicine and as a major contributor to research policy and medical research administration in Australian and internationally'. From 2005 to 2011 she chaired the World Health Organisation Global Advisory Committee on Health Research. Throughout her career Whitworth has played very active leadership roles in a considerable number of professional organisations, including Australian Society of Medical Research, the Royal Australian College of Physicians, the International Society of Nephrology, the International Society of Hypertension, the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia, the Australia and New Zealand Society of Nephrology, and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. In addition, she served on the Board of Therapeutic Innovation Australia and chaired its Clinical Trials Infrastructure Committee. Through such bodies and in her own hospital and university positions, she became a generous and exemplary role model and mentor for young scientists and doctors, especially young women. In 2014 her support for women in science was honoured by the ACT Government which established the Judith Whitworth Fellowship for Gender Equity in Science at the ANU. Its purpose is to encourage and reward early and mid-career scientists who have taken time away from their academic career to raise children. In addition to the AC, Whitworth's contributions to medical science and academic leadership have been recognised through awards including the Howard Florey Medal (1990), the Australian Centenary Medal (2001), and the Curtin Medal (2010); and honorary degrees from the University of Sydney (2004), University of Glasgow (2008), Charles Darwin University (2011), and the University of Melbourne (2012). She was elected Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (2015), and Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (2008).\nWhitworth's contributions have also been recognised outside her academic and hospital environments. In 2002 she was appointed the Telstra ACT Business Woman of the Year. In 2003 she received the Centenary Medal from the Australian Government. In 2004 she was made Australian of the Year for the ACT. At the same time she was appointed ACT Ambassador for Women, and Ambassador for Canberra.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-citation-for-the-sir-william-upjohn-medal-2020-for-professor-judith-whitworth-ac\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-sydney-citation-for-the-award-of-doctor-of-medicine-honoris-causa-to-professor-judith-ann-whitworth-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-national-university-professor-judith-whitworth-winner-of-the-2010-curtin-medal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charles-darwin-university-citation-for-the-award-of-doctor-of-letters-honoris-causa-2011\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judith-whitworth-fellowship-for-gender-equity-in-science-established-at-the-john-curtin-school-of-medical-research\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/researchers-praise-first-fellowship-for-scientists-raising-children\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grant, Mary Elizabeth (Liz)", "Entry ID": "AWE2407043", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-elizabeth-liz-grant\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mornington, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Pharmacist", "Summary": "Pharmacist Liz Grant was a foundation member of the ACT Division of the Australian Liberal Party and was elected a Liberal Party member for the electorate of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) House of Assembly from 1979 to 1982. She maintained an active and prominent role in the Liberal Party for several decades thereafter, as well as close involvement in women's affairs, health policy and social affairs in the ACT and nationally. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1987, a Life Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia in 1991, and awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws from Monash University in 2005.\n", "Details": "Mary Elizabeth Grant - known affectionately to all as Liz - was born to Les and Mary Allen on 23 February 1930 in Mornington, then just outside Melbourne. She completed her schooling at the selective entry Mac.Robertson Girls' High School in Melbourne where she was a House Captain and a swimming champion. Liz followed in her father's footsteps as a pharmacist, training at the Victorian College of Pharmacy from 1947 to 1951. She was then apprenticed to her father in his Melbourne pharmacy.\nLiz married Howard Grant in 1952. They had two children Allen and Sue and eventually four grandchildren and eight great grandchildren. She continued to work and in 1958 took a radical decision to open her own pharmacy in Greensborough, a Melbourne suburb, becoming one of the first female pharmacy owners in the State. This meant long hours getting the business up and running while also raising a young family, but Liz persisted and the business was very successful.\nPharmacy and the potential for the pharmacist to play an integral role in the development of communities became an underlying driver for many of the activities and roles Liz took on over the next 65 years. She always said she was a pharmacist first, and then a lot of things thereafter. She proudly maintained her registration and membership of both the Pharmacy Guild of Australia and the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia until her death in 2023.\nLiz sold her pharmacy when the family moved interstate in 1963. While she never owned another pharmacy, she continued her work as a pharmacist in hospital and community pharmacies in Mt Gambier, Melbourne and Canberra for many years.\nIn 1985, Liz and Howard established Commerce Management Services - a family company dedicated to providing secretariat services and administrative support to associations, industry groups and small businesses. She maintained an active involvement in the business almost until her death.\nWhen she moved to Canberra, Liz became a foundation member of the ACT Division of the Liberal Party. From 1977 to 1984 she was Convenor of the ACT Division of the Liberal Women's Committee, and in 1979-1982 served as a Liberal Member elected to the seat of Canberra in the ACT House of Assembly. In 1977 she also became a member of the Federal Women's Committee of the Liberal Party, and chaired that Committee from 1980 to 1985. She stood for election (unsuccessfully) in the federal seat of Fraser in the ACT at the 1983 election.\nDuring and after her term in parliament, Liz played a prominent role in many of the ACT's health-related boards and councils, notably as Chair of the ACT Health Services Council (1981-1985), member of the ACT Hospital Services Board (1986-1987) and its Chair in 1989, and Chair of the ACT Health Authority (1987).\nLiz maintained her active involvement in women's affairs after she left politics, as President of the ACT Division of Business and Professional Women (1986-1989), and member of the ACT Women's Consultative Council (1989-1998). She remained a strong advocate for women in the Liberal Party and was much respected and loved for her kindness and supportive mentorship across the political aisle. She was greatly encouraged in this advocacy by attending the United Nations Women's Conference in Copenhagen in 1980 where she met women from all over the world with one common agenda - to promote women at all levels.\nLiz was very active in other areas of ACT society as well. From 1981 to 1999 she chaired the ACT Australia Day Sports Carnival. She was a member of the ACT Parole Board during her term in the Assembly (1982-1985). She chaired the Canberra Festival Inc. in 1987, and in 1997 became a member of the ACT Centenary of Federation Committee. She was a Board member of the Council of the Ageing (ACT) from 2000 to 2016 and Chair from 2005 to 2011, and also a director of COTA Australia for several years. She chaired the Gorman House Community Arts Interim Management Committee for many years and maintained her interest in and support for Gorman House for over 40 years. Liz was a driving force for Care Financial Services in Canberra for 30 years, the majority as the Chair, as a Board Member and the organisation's Patron; she maintained an active interest and engagement until her death.\nAt national level, Liz was appointed to the National Health and Medical Council (NHMRC) from 1982 to 1985 - one of only two women on the Council. She developed a particular interest in the ethics of health care and animal-related research, becoming a member of the NHMRC Animal Experimental Ethics Committee in 1998 and Chair of its Animal Welfare Committee in 2000. In Canberra, she joined the ACT Department of Health and Community Care Ethics Committee in 1997 and she was a member of the ACT Health Human Research Ethics Committee from the late 1980s to 2009.\nLiz Grant was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1987 in recognition of her service to health administration and the community. In 1991 she was made a Life Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. She was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws by Monash University in May 2005. She died in Canberra on 7 February 2023 at the age of 92.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-grant-liberal-politician-and-health-advocate-remembered-as-dedicated-canberran\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grant-mary-elizabeth-australian-encyclopaedia-of-science-and-innovation\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Paterson, Marisa", "Entry ID": "AWE24070747", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/paterson-marisa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Marisa Paterson was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory in 2020, after a career as an academic researcher including as Director of the Centre for Gambling Research at the Australian National University.\n", "Details": "Marisa Paterson was born in Melbourne on 6 November 1982, one of four children. She lived in Melbourne, but also spent significant time growing up in the Victorian high country near Omeo, where her mother's family were cattle farmers. Paterson has acknowledged her family's influence in fostering an early commitment to social justice and community service.\nAfter completing secondary education, she travelled overseas for a year and worked with a volunteer organisation on aid projects in South-east Asia, India and Nepal. She graduated from Monash University with a Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology and Psychology in 2004. In 2005, she moved to Canberra to undertake a Masters of Anthropology and Participatory Development at the Australian National University (ANU), with a focus on mental health and addiction research.\nPaterson then moved to Darwin in the Northern Territory, and was awarded a PhD scholarship at Charles Darwin University, to study the impact of gambling on remote Aboriginal communities. She lived in the Arnhem Land community of Maningrida for 18 months and was there when the Howard government announced the establishment of the Northern Territory Emergency Response Act (also known as the 'Intervention') in August 2007. In her inaugural speech to the ACT Legislative Assembly in 2020, Paterson noted this was a pivotal period in her life.\nIn 2008 Paterson moved back to Canberra. She completed her PhD thesis titled: 'From card games to poker machines: Gambling in remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory' in 2014, and in that period had three children. After working in various research related roles, she became the Director of the ANU Centre for Gambling Research in 2017. In 2019 she joined the Australian Labor Party and nominated as a candidate in the electorate of Murrumbidgee in the ACT Legislative Assembly. Just prior to nominating, Paterson made a formal complaint of sexual harassment against an academic colleague from the Auckland University of Technology (AUT). Her action resulted in other complaints about AUT staff and procedures, and ultimately lead to an independent investigation. She received a formal apology from AUT in 2022.\nPaterson was elected as one of five members for Murrumbidgee in October 2020. Since taking her seat in the ACT Legislative Assembly she has become the Deputy Chair of the Standing Committee on Justice and Community Safety and the Chair of the Environment, Climate Change and Biodiversity Committee. She has been an outspoken advocate for reducing harm associated with gambling, and successfully introduced legislation which prevents the introduction of poker machines to the ACT's Molonglo Valley district and other new development areas, as well as lobbying for other gambling reforms. She has introduced bills aimed at reshaping sexual consent laws, sentencing laws, and changing bail laws for driving offences. She has also advocated for the establishment of a specialised court to address sexual offences in the ACT. Paterson is ACT Labor's spokesperson on justice and gaming policies.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marisa-paterson-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/paterson-marisa-legislative-assembly-for-the-australian-capital-territory-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-card-games-to-poker-machines-gambling-in-remote-aboriginal-communities-in-the-northern-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/act-assembly-class-of-2020-labors-marisa-paterson-on-standing-up-for-herself-and-the-canberra-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marisa-paterson-reaches-settlement-with-new-zealand-university\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maddison, Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE25090838", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maddison-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Photographer", "Summary": "Ruth Maddison is a distinguished Australian feminist photographer known for her intimate portraits and social documentaries that explore relationships, labour, and community over nearly five decades. Self-taught, she began her career in 1976, influenced by the women's liberation movement and her politically charged upbringing. Her hand-coloured series and immersive installations address themes of family, activism, and regional change, blending personal narrative with social commentary. Maddison's work is held in major collections, including the National Gallery of Australia, National Gallery of Victoria, and National Portrait Gallery. Documenting marginalized voices\u2014from women's workforce participation to rural economic decline\u2014she has become a key chronicler of Australian life. Her awards include the Josephine Ulrick National Photography Prize (2002) and the City of Hobart Art Prize (2007).\n", "Details": "Born in 1945 in Melbourne, Victoria, Ruth Maddison grew up in a politically intense household. Her father, Sam Goldbloom, a communist and anti-nuclear and anti-war activist, was monitored by ASIO for over 30 years, shaping her awareness of politics and privacy. Her mother, Rosa, provided stability in a home often focused on activism. This environment fostered Maddison's feminist and anti-nuclear views, which later informed her photography.\nIn her 20s, Maddison worked as Victoria's first female builder's labourer in the 1970s. At 30, in 1975, she transitioned to photography, self-taught and mentored by housemate Ponch Hawkes in a creative North Carlton household. Hawkes introduced her to darkroom techniques, sparking a passion for the medium. As a single mother of three, Maddison balanced family and career, always building darkrooms at home. Her early freelance photojournalism for newspapers and magazines followed work as a driver for Crawford's TV production.\nIn 1979, Maddison's solo exhibition Christmas Holidays with Bob's Family, Mermaid Beach, Queensland at the Ewing Gallery showcased 30 hand-coloured snapshots of family life, acquired by the National Gallery of Victoria and National Gallery of Australia. That year, her Miss Universe series also debuted. In 1980, When a Girl Marries, a 32-image series shown at the Australian Centre for Photography, was purchased by the National Gallery of Australia. These works, rooted in feminism, explored women's domestic and professional roles during the women's liberation movement.\nDuring the 1980s, Maddison captured Melbourne's cultural and countercultural scenes, photographing figures like Helen Garner and Circus Oz founders. Her photojournalism documented political rallies, equal pay protests, gay liberation, anti-Vietnam actions, and environmental causes from 1975 to 2015. Her 1996 series The Beginning of Absence comprised 10 polaroid photographs shot staying at her parents' home, while both were in hospital.\nIn 1996, Maddison moved to Eden, a working-class port town in New South Wales, drawn by affordability and family proximity. She immersed herself in the community, documenting its timber and fishing industries amid economic decline. \u00a0She was commissioned by the NSW Department of Planning and Environment for a project they were running on sustainable development in Eden and created wide-ranging documentation of people and place.\u00a0 Maddison also received Visual Art Board Grants (now Creative Australia) for Now a River Went out of Eden (2002), focusing on local teenagers; and Girt by Sea (2005), on Eden's commercial fishermen. Combining images with text, these works captured cannery closures, fishing license buybacks, and unemployment, while celebrating resilience. Acquired by the State Library of New South Wales, her Eden archive also documents bushfires in 2019 and the COVID-19 pandemic.\nBetween 2002-2006, crossing over from darkroom to digital, Maddison's last analogue works are a series of photograms and lumen prints, old cameraless techniques.\u00a0 They appear in Girt by Sea -the Algae Series, Girt by Gum and Light Touches (2004), a series of lumen self-portraits.\nIn 2014, Maddison produced another-large scale project using image and text about the timber industry, Can't see the Forest for the trees, a selection of which were acquired by the National Library of Australia and the complete set by the State Library of New South Wales. \u00a0\u00a0In 2020, her installation The Fellow Traveller, part of the 2021 survey It Was the Best of Times, It Was the Worst of Times at Melbourne's Centre for Contemporary Photography, explored her father's ASIO files and family archives, weaving imagined historical encounters. Her 2024 exhibition An Abundance of Caution at the Southeast Centre for Contemporary Art introduced drawings and embroidered doilies, reflecting on COVID-19 and women's labour.\nMaddison's awards include the Josephine Ulrick National Photography Prize (2002), City of Hobart Art Prize (2007), and a finalist position in the Olive Cotton Portrait Award (2013). Her work is held by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Gallery of Modern Art Queensland, and National Library of Australia. Describing herself as a 'quasi-sociologist and voyeur with a camera,' she advises aspiring photographers to \"just shoot more.\"\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-maddison-aggregated-collection-of-photographs-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-maddison-aggregated-collection-of-photographs\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Aitken, Yvonne", "Entry ID": "AWE25100765", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aitken-yvonne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Horsham, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Agricultural scientist, University lecturer", "Summary": "Yvonne Aitken was an agricultural scientist with the University of Melbourne. Her research centred on how plant species adapt to climate, and why day length determines the time over which crops mature. She investigated data from around the world and contributed greatly to our understanding of environmental limits on crop plant varieties, combining her research with teaching in the University's School of Botany and Faculty of Agricultural Science.\n", "Details": "Yvonne Aitken was born on 17 October 1911 in Horsham, Victoria. The first of two daughters born to bank manager David Aitken and former schoolteacher Arabella Miller. The family moved often, but Aitken's parents valued education and ensured she was enrolled at a Convent of Mercy school in whichever town the family were residing\u2014first in Tatura, then Camperdown and St Arnaud. Aitken was awarded a scholarship to complete her final two years of secondary school at Sacred Heart Convent of Mercy School in Ballarat before winning a Government Free Place\u2014a state scholarship offered for specific disciplines during the Great Depression\u2014to study Agricultural Science at the University of Melbourne in 1930.\nIn her second year at the University, Aitken contracted tuberculosis. She was unwell for two years and not able to return to her studies until 1934, graduating with honours in 1936. She would later express gratitude that her scholarship resumed after her illness, as she otherwise would not have been able to continue her degree. After graduation, Aitken took up a small research grant arranged by her mentor Professor Sir Samual Wadham to investigate subterranean clover at Burnley Gardens, which she supplemented with work as a demonstrator in both the School of Botany and Agricultural Science. Three years later, in 1939, she was awarded a master's degree for confirming the role of temperature in why a high proportion of clover seeds failed to germinate. Aitken continued to work with crop plants for many years and has contributed greatly to our understanding of the impact of genetic difference in how plants respond to climate factors and the length of the day, or photoperiod. She undertook extensive study of nine well-known agricultural species; three legumes, six cereals and native grasses and began a breeding program for field peas in 1938, moving from Burnley Gardens to Dookie Agricultural College. She produced a new variety of field pea that was well adapted to grow in north central Victorian wheat fields that she named 'Derrimut', after the University field station at Dookie College and collected a huge variety number of pea varieties, many of which were donated to the World Wheat Seed Collection to preserve genetic diversity for plant breeders in the future.\nAfter nine years of managing on her small annual research grant, Aitken was appointed lecturer and joined the full-time staff of the University of Melbourne in 1945. She was made a senior lecturer in 1957 and in 1970, became the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Agricultural Science (DAgSc) in Victoria. She was promoted to reader in plant science\n(1975-1977) and became an honorary senior associate of the Institute of Land and Foord Resources from 1977. Aitken took leave from her role at the University of Melbourne on several occasions, with sabbaticals in 1955, 1963 and 1975. Over 30 years, she studied the impact of extremes in daylight, temperature and altitude on plant species in locations as varied as Sweden, Greece, England, Wales, Tasmania and Macquarie Island, mainland United States, Alaska and Hawaii, Mexico and Peru. International data collection was undertaken on a massive geographic scale, with travel funded mainly by Aitken herself. Ongoing research provided Aitken with material for her book, Flowering Time, Climate and Genetics (1974). She co-authored the textbook Agricultural Science - an Introduction for Students and Farmers (1962) with Professors Derek Tribe, Norman Tulloh and Jack Wilson, and contributed a chapter to Professor Abraham Halevy's Handbook of Flowering Vol. 1 (1985).\nAitken became a resident tutor at Janet Clarke Hall in 1951 and resided there for twenty-five years. She was elected one of the college's four foundation fellows in 1966.\u00a0 For almost all her career, she was the only female academic staff member of the University of Melbourne Faculty of Agricultural Science. She enjoyed teaching and was particularly pleased by the opportunity to devise a one-of-a-kind course in Australia for civil engineering students to specialise in the design of machinery for agricultural purposes. Aitken taught at almost every level of the school, from the second year to postgraduate level and continued supervising PhD students even after her retirement in 1977.\nOutside of her work, Aitken was interested in history, genetics and physiology. While recovering from tuberculosis, she learned spinning and weaving through the Country Women's Association and took up painting, particularly in watercolour; a skill she maintained for the rest of her life, often making pictorial records of her field work and explorations. Aitken was a great friend of Australian artist Edith Alsop (1871-1958), who bequeathed her 260 paintings which Aitken later donated to the Ian Potter Museum of Art.\nAitken was appointed a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science (1981-1989), a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1989 for her contributions to science and teaching and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Victoria in 2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yvonne-aitken-1911-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-yvonne-aitken-agricultural-scientist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-contribution-to-agricultural-research-of-an-australian-woman-scientist\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-yvonne-aitken\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carrick, Fiona", "Entry ID": "AWE2510223", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrick-fiona\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community advocate, Parliamentarian, Public servant", "Summary": "Fiona Carrick was elected as an independent Member of the ACT Legislative Assembly in 2024 following over 20 years of advocacy and leadership in representing community interests and needs to decision makers in the ACT government and elsewhere.\n", "Details": "Melbourne-born Fiona Carrick moved to Canberra in 1968 with her parents and three siblings when her father was appointed to the Commonwealth Public Service. Living in the then-rapidly developing Woden Valley, she grew up in a politically engaged family. Her mother, in particular, helped shape Carrick's awareness of local issues and the importance of contributing to community life. Carrick completed her schooling at St Clare's College and enrolled at the Australian National University, initially in forestry but then in a Bachelor of Commerce degree which she followed with accreditation as a Certified Public Accountant. Those twin interests would stay with her through career moves in horticulture, public policy and financial management.\nInitially Carrick worked as an accountant in Perth but then switched to working for a tree surgery team. This led her to return to Canberra where she worked for the City Parks service and Yarralumla Nursery and completed Certificates in Horticulture and Arboriculture from the Canberra Institute of Technology. These deepened her appreciation for urban biodiversity and led to her volunteering with local Landcare groups and her local Community Fire Unit. On the finance and policy side, Carrick worked in the Commonwealth Public Service including the Budget Group in the Department of Finance, and the Rail Branch of the Department of Infrastructure and Transport, with responsibilities for major transport infrastructure policy and planning. She drew on this expertise and experience in her volunteer work on strengthening community planning and development in the Woden Valley in particular.\nBy the 1990s, and with young children, Carrick became increasingly concerned about the erosion of community infrastructure in the Woden Valley, as local social and sporting amenities were replaced by high-density residential developments. She felt that the southern parts of Canberra were being increasingly neglected by government compared to those closer to the city centre and the newer northern suburbs. In response, she joined the volunteer Woden Valley Community Council, chairing it from 2016 to 2024. Over this period Carrick organised some 60 public meetings and events to bring the community together, arguing that local voices were being ignored in the political process and that community collaboration and evidence-based decision making were essential to effective community development. She became a vocal advocate for holistic town planning that would balance the provision of more housing, active hubs and local jobs, services, public spaces and community facilities, as well as ensure adequate biodiversity and canopy cover in all suburbs. Carrick's leadership in this regard directly contributed to the ACT government's decision to base the new centre of the Canberra Institute of Technology in Woden.\nCarrick stood for election to the ACT Legislative Assembly at the October 2020 election. Although unsuccessful, she attracted the largest vote for an independent candidate in the ACT. Undeterred, she continued her advocacy work and expanded her volunteer base over the next four years, and was elected as an independent to the seat of Murrumbidgee at the October 2024 election. She was subsequently appointed as Deputy Chair of three Legislative Assembly standing committees dealing with public accounts; economics, industry and recreation; and environment and planning.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fiona-carrick-mla\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fiona-carrick\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carter, Doris Jessie", "Entry ID": "AWE25102542", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carter-doris-jessie-3\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "North Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Servicewoman, Sports administrator", "Summary": "Doris Carter became Australia's first field athlete to compete at an Olympic Games when she was placed sixth in the high jump at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. She also represented Australia in international hockey, and was general manager of the Australian women's team at the Melbourne Olympic Games in 1956. A wing officer and Director of the Women's RAAF, she was the first woman to fly in both the Canberra Bomber and the Vampire Jet. Her proudest moment was in 1996 when she co-led the Melbourne Anzac Day march.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-proper-spectacle-women-olympians-1900-1936\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carter-doris-jessie-1912-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thwaites, Kate Lynne", "Entry ID": "AWE26012942", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thwaites-kate-lynne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Kate Thwaites was elected to the House of Representatives Victorian division of Jagajaga in the Australian Parliament at the general election held on 18 May 2019. A complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thwaites-the-hon-kate-lynne\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jackson, Mavis", "Entry ID": "AWE0035", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jackson-mavis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Masulapatam, India", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Microbiologist", "Summary": "Mavis Jackson was a microbiologist. She founded International House (University of Melbourne) and served as President of the Lyceum Club from 1973-75.\n", "Details": "Mavis Jackson was educated at the Methodist Ladies College, Melbourne and the University of Melbourne (BSc 1931-35). She was one of only two women on the University of Melbourne SRC in her final year. During World War II she worked as a volunteer microbiologist with the Australian Army Medical Corps and as a Blood Transfusion Officer at Heidelberg Military Hospital.\nIn 1942 Mavis married Alan Vaughan Jackson and raised three children - Ian, Prue and Trevor. Though officially she left the workforce after marrying, she did return to establish the cytology unit at the Alfred Hospital in 1962, and ran it for the next fifteen years.\nJackson was a foundation member of the International House Council from 1955, and Chair 1973-79. She was a member of the board of management at Yooralla Children's Hospital School 1957-60; of the National Council of Women 1957-60; and of the executive Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria 1967-84. She served as President of the Victorian Society of Cytology in 1966.\nJackson was awarded honorary life membership of the Lyceum Club (having joined in the early 1930s). She was President of the Club from 1973-75 and twice a member of the general committee. In 1999 she was honoured as a \"living treasure\".\nIn 1967 Jackson was named a Member of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of her community service work. Ten years later, in 1977, she was awarded the Queen's Jubilee Medal for community service.\nMavis Jackson she was grandmother many times over.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituaries-mavis-jackson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-mrs-mavis-jackson-mbe-1913-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stone, Emma Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE0048", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stone-emma-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hobart Town, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Medical practitioner", "Summary": "In February 1890, Dr Constance Stone became the first woman to be registered with the Medical Board of Victoria, paving the way for medical women in Melbourne, Australia, Working mainly with women and children in free clinics, she gave low-income women the opportunity to be treated in private, free from the embarrassment of examination in front of male medical students. She founded the Victorian Medical Women's Society and was a member of a number of women's organisations, including the Victorian Women's Franchise League. Her major achievement was the foundation of the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital.\n", "Details": "Constance Stone was not permitted to enrol in the Melbourne Medical School because in the early 1880s, women were excluded from medical studies because the subject matter was deemed inappropriate for co-ed classes. Consequently, in 1884 she travelled to North America , where she was educated at the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, USA and the University of Trinity College, Toronto, Canada (MD, ChM 1888) thus ensuring that she could be registered in Australia. She also studied at the New Hospital for Women, London, qualifying as a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1889. The first woman to register with the Medical Board of Victoria 1890, she practised one day a week at the free dispensary attached to Dr Singleton's mission in Collingwood. She founded the Queen Victoria Hospital, where she was assisted by her sister Dr Clara Stone (one of the first women to enter the Melbourne Medical School) and her cousin, Dr Emily Mary Page Stone. She was Foundation member (1895) of the Victorian Medical Women's Society.\nStone was one of the few early female medical practitioners to marry and have children. Her daughter, Bronwen, also became a doctor.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stone-emma-constance-1856-1912\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nation-builders-great-lives-and-stories-from-st-kilda-general-cemetery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-to-miss-evans-1926-sep-16-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-constance-stone-first-woman-physician-in-australia-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-pamphlets-containing-souvenir-concert-programmes-and-australian-biographies\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "a'Beckett, Ada Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0053", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abeckett-ada-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Norwood, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Biologist, Educator", "Summary": "Teacher, kindergarten activist, and philanthropist, Ada Mary a'Beckett was born in Adelaide in 1872. Throughout her career she worked as a demonstrator and lecturer in biology at the University of Melbourne as well as teaching at various schools throughout Victoria. She was very closely involved in the kindergarten movement, helping to establish the Kindergarten Training College in Kew. Ada was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, 3 June 1935, and had a kindergarten named after her the following year. She died in 1948 in Melbourne.\n", "Details": "Ada Mary a'Beckett was born in Norwood, Adelaide on 18 May 1872. She was educated at the Advanced School for Girls in Adelaide.\nBetween 1893 and 1900 Ada worked as a teacher at several different girls schools in the Melbourne and Geelong area as well as at the Working Men's College. During part of this time she was also a student at the University of Melbourne, where she was awarded the Wyselaskie scholarship in natural science (biology) and the final honours scholarship in biology. She was Annie Grice Scholar in 1892-1893 and a founder of the Victorian Women Graduates' Association. She graduated with a BSc (1895) and a MSc (1897). \nAda maintained strong ties with Melbourne University throughout her life, working there for varying periods as a demonstrator and lecturer in biology - especially during World War I. From 1912 until 1920 she also worked as teacher at the Church of England Girls' Grammar School in Melbourne. In 1921 Ada was appointed head of the biology department at Scotch College, a position she held until 1937. She had a significant impact on her students, many of whom entered medicine or allied professions.\nAda's involvement in the kindergarten movement began in 1908 when she was elected a foundation president of the Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria. In 1916 Ada helped establish the Kindergarten Training College in Kew. Between 1920 and 1923 she helped develop the training course there for kindergarten teachers and lectured in physiology and hygiene. Ada was also the resident of the Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria from 1919 to 1939; and the president of the Kindergarten Training Council from 1926 to 1939. In 1936 she founded the Australian Association for Pre-School Child Development. \nIn 1935 Ada was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for her philanthropic work and in 1942 had a kindergarten at Fisherman's Bend named after her. She died of cancer in Melbourne in 1948.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-ada-abeckett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-views-and-news-the-womans-part-mrs-t-abeckett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-mrs-a-m-abeckett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-beckett-ada-mary-1872-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-historical-sketch-the-growth-and-development-of-the-free-kindergarten-movement-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abeckett-ada-mary-nee-lambert-1872-1948-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-office-of-the-registrar-registrars-correspondence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-t-a-a-beckett-cbe-msc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/institute-of-early-childhood-development\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Guilfoyle, Margaret Georgina", "Entry ID": "AWE0075", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guilfoyle-margaret-georgina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Dame Margaret Guilfoyle was the first woman to be appointed to federal Cabinet with portfolio, when, in 1975 she became Education and then Social Security Minister in the Fraser Liberal Government. In 1980 she became the first woman to hold an economic portfolio when she became Minister for Finance. On 31 December 1979 Margaret Guilfoyle was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (Dames Commander) for her services to public and parliamentary service. She left parliament in 1987.\n", "Events": "Board Member, Australian Institute Family Studies (1993 - 2000) \nBorn: daughter of William and Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Ellis) McCarthy (1926 - 1926) \nChair, Judicial Remuneration Tribunal (1995 - 2001) \nDeputy Chair, Infertility Treatment Authority (1996 - 1996) \nDirector, Australian Children's Television Foundation (1989 - 1989) \nDirector, Jack Brockhoff Foundation (1990 - 1990) \nFederal Minister, Assisting the Prime Minister in Child Care Matters (1975 - 1976) \nFederal Minister, Education (1975 - 1975) \nFederal Minister, Finance (1980 - 1983) \nFederal Minister, Social Security (1975 - 1980) \nFederal Shadow Minister, Taxation and Finance (1983 - 1984) \nHonorary National Treasurer, Young Women's Christian Association Australia (1968 - 1976) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nMarried Stanley Martin Leslie Guilfoyle (1952 - 1952) \nMember, Appeal Committee for Hall Residence University Papua New Guinea (1970 - 1973) \nMember, National Health and Medical Research Council (1998 - 2000) \nMember, National Mental Health Research Institute (1988 - 2001) \nPresident Board Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital (1993 - 1995) \nSenator, Victoria (1971 - 1987) \nState Chairman Women's Section Liberal Party (1967 - 1970) \nTrustee, Mark Fitzpatrick Trust (1990 - 1990)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parliamentarians-questionnaires-1982-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hon-dame-margaret-georgina-constance-guilfoyle-ac-dbe\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Christesen, Nina Mikhailovna", "Entry ID": "AWE0110", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christesen-nina-mikhailovna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Blagoveshchensk, Manchuria, Russia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer", "Summary": "Nina Mikhailovna Christesen AM (n\u00e9e Maximoff) pioneered the study of Russian in Australia and founded the Department of Russian Language and Literature at the University of Melbourne in 1946. She remained at the head of the department until her retirement in 1977.\nIn the 1987 Australia Day Honours Christesen was made a Member of the Order of Australia \"in recognition of service to education, particularly to the study of Slavic language and culture\".\n", "Details": "Christesen arrived in Brisbane with her parents as a migrant in 1924. She had lived in St Petersburg until 1917 and then the Russian-Manchurian city of Harbin.\nShe graduated from the University of Queensland, became senior mistress at St Aidan's Girl's School in Brisbane, and worked as a tutor at Women's College. She met her husband to be, Clem Christesen, founder of the magazine Meanjin, after being recommended to him as a language teacher.\nIn 1945, the Christensen's moved to Melbourne, when the University of Melbourne offered to support Meanjin and its editor. In 1946, encouraged by members of the University of Melbourne Arts Faculty, Christesen established the Department of Russian Language and Literature, the first such course in Australia.\nIn 1967 Christesen founded the journal, Melbourne Slavonic Studies (later Australasian Slavonic and East European Studies) and in the same year the Australian Slavists' Association (which later incorporated the New Zealand contingent).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituaries-nina-mikhailovna-christesen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-christesen-romance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door-sixteen-modern-australian-women-look-at-professional-life-and-achievement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meanjin-editorial-records-of-c-b-christesen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christesen-nina-mikhailovna-1911-2001-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dorothy-green-1943-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christesen-nina-mikhailovna-1911-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-half-open-door\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Matenson, Winsome", "Entry ID": "AWE0194", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/matenson-winsome\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victroria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "Mrs Matenson has worked extensively on her family history and done genealogical research, publishing several booklets, the first in 1988, and won a certificate from the Tasmanian Government. Her second \"A Melbourne Family 1848-1948\" won the first prize of the Alexander Henderson Award 1989. Her most recent book was self published.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sullivan-bay-and-beyond-a-short-history-of-two-port-phillip-bay-first-fleeters-and-some-of-their-descendants\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-here-we-come-a-story-for-the-descendants-of-pioneer-sarah-lowen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tennent, Gaye", "Entry ID": "AWE0212", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tennent-gaye\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cleveland, Transvaal, South Africa", "Death Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "A South African by birth, Gaye Tennent received her later education in London and at the University of Melbourne. Early crippled by poliomyelitis, she graduated B.A. (Hons) in 1930 and M.A. in English with a Dip. Ed. In 1934. She became a school teacher and later a tutor at Janet Clarke Hall, Vice-Principal at the Women's College and tutor and lecturer in the University English Department.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennings-vera-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Manion, Margaret Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0228", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manion-margaret-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nowra, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Lecturer", "Summary": "Margaret Manion was a lecturer (1972-1978) before becoming a Professor of Fine Arts at the University of Melbourne in 1979, then Emeritus Professor in 1995. She was the first woman chair of the Academic Board from 1987 to 1988, and Pro-Vice-Chancellor from 1985 to 1988. She was a member of the Loreto Sisters and was awarded an AO in 1989 for services to the arts and education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manion-margaret-mary-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manion-professor-margaret-mary\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baldwin, Stephanie", "Entry ID": "AWE0271", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baldwin-stephanie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Stephanie Baldwin n\u00e9e Clark attended the Agricultural School at Werribee in 1931.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baldwin-stephanie-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Berger, Gertrude", "Entry ID": "AWE0273", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berger-gertrude\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Germany", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Gertie Berger joined the Royal College of Nursing Australia, Victorian Chapter and other nursing organisations and became active on their committees in the 1960s. Her special interest was nursing education whether in Day Study Classes or more formal post-graduate training.\n(Source: Historical Note University Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berger-gertrude-1913-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berger-gertrude-1913-2006-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-nightingale-committee-of-australia-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-nightingale-committee-of-australia-victorian-branch-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cuming, Grace", "Entry ID": "AWE0310", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cuming-grace\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Grace Cuming was the wife of W.J. (Bill) Cuming, of the Cuming, Smith & Co. family.\n(Source: Historical Note Melbourne University Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cuming-grace-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cuming-grace-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Walton, Sylvia Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE0354", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/walton-sylvia-j\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Chancellor, Educator, Headmistress, Vice-Chancellor", "Summary": "Sylvia Walton, daughter of Ronald Ferguson and Ellen Betty Collis, was educated at both Sydney and La Trobe Universities. From 1982 to 1999 she was Principal of Tintern Anglican Girls' Grammar School, following which she became Principal of the Tintern Schools (Ringwood East, Victoria), comprising Tintern Anglican Girls' Grammar School and Southwood Boys' Grammar School.\nWalton was Deputy Chancellor of La Trobe University from 1997 and Chancellor from 2006 until 2011. She was also a member of the Invergowrie Foundation.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2014 - 2014) \nLa Trobe University (2006 - 2011) \nReceived for her leadership and education at secondary and tertiary levels (2003 - 2003)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Deakin, Catherine Sarah (Kate)", "Entry ID": "AWE0385", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deakin-catherine-sarah-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Tutor", "Summary": "Kate Deakin (1850-1937) was Alfred Deakin's sister and close companion. She was tutor to his two eldest children and taught music at various times during her life.\n", "Details": "Katie Deakin was the only daughter of William (Bill) and Sarah Deakin and sister of Alfred Deakin. Alfred Deakin became the youngest ever cabinet Minister in 1883. He was Prime Minister of Australia 1903-1904, 1905-1908 and 1909-1910.\nBorn in Adelaide Katie came to live with her parents in Melbourne in 1851. In 1856 her only brother Alfred was born at their parent's home in George Street (Collingwood) now Fitzroy. She was educated at Miss Thomson's School in Kyneton (1858-1862), and was then a pupil, with her brother, at Miss Thompson's School in South Yarra from 1863 to 1865.\nKatie matriculated with honours from Presbyterian Ladies' College (East Melbourne). She had attended the College since its opening day (1875) and studied under Professor Pearson. She taught there when Charles Pearson was headmaster. Katie studied music at the Melbourne School of Music under C. W. Russell, passing after three years with honours in 1882. An accomplished pianist, she taught music theory and practice privately and tutored her three nieces, Ivy, Stella and Vera Deakin.\nKatie never married. She lived at \"The Elms\" in Adams Street, South Yarra, with her parents until their death and it was here that she taught her three nieces. She had many friends in the musical and literary world of Melbourne including the Monash family, and Baron Von Mueller.\nA close companion and confidante of her younger brother, Katie travelled with his family to London in 1900. She accompanied Stella Deakin to Berlin (1909) where she pursued her scientific studies, and Vera Deakin in 1913 when she studied music in Berlin and Budapest.\nKatie Deakin died at \"The Elms\" in 1937 and was buried with her parents at St Kilda cemetery.\nThis entry was researched and written by Katie Deakin's great niece, Judith Harley.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mystic-life-of-alfred-deakin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfred-deakin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfred-deakin-a-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfred-deakin-pattie-deakin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deakins-confidante\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-family-romance-the-deakins-at-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-catherine-deakin-1844-1958-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lady-stella-rivett-1923-1935-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Inglis, Amirah", "Entry ID": "AWE0445", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inglis-amirah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brussels, Belgium", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Political activist", "Summary": "Amirah Inglis was a devoted and active member of the Communist Party in Australia during the politically turbulent Menzies era. Her autobiographical works describe the difficulties and confusion of growing up a migrant in Australia, born of Polish-Jewish parents. She has also written essays, reviews and books on Papua New Guinea, and on the Spanish Civil War.\nThe hammer & sickle and the washing up: memories of an Australian woman Communist includes descriptions of Amirah's life in Canberra in the 1960s, and her marriage to academic Ken Inglis.\n", "Details": "Amirah's father, Itzhak Gutstadt (later changed to Gust), migrated to Melbourne in 1928. Amirah and her mother joined him there in 1929.\nTwo of her books tell the story of her life.\nAmirah, an Un-Australian Childhood, published by William Heinemann Australia in 1983 and reprinted 1984, 1985 and in paperback 1989, a 'loving and sensuous account\u2026paints a perfect sociological portrait' (Weekend Australian) of Melbourne in the 1930s and 1940s. It portrays her loving, Polish Jewish Communist parents and the joys and difficulties of living as migrants.\nThe Hammer and Sickle and the Washing Up, Hyland House, Melbourne, 1995, tells of her involvement with the Communist Party of Australia during the 1950's and 60's, including the Menzies government's attempts to outlaw the Communist Party and the Petrov Affair. It is Amirah's story: her struggle to balance political activism and family responsibilities.\nAmirah Inglis' other books reflect a desire to understand the complexities of her world within the framework of the humanitarian, internationalist, European-based communist ideology of her migrant parents and the completely new world of Papua New Guinea where she lived and worked between 1967-1974.\nIn 1998 in an interview with Sarah Dowse (4 digital audio tapes, held at the National Library of Australia) Inglis speaks of her current project, editing her Polish-born father's memoirs; her family and her own childhood in Melbourne; her political activism as a member of the Communist Party of Australia; her marriage to Ian Turner and events surrounding their move to Canberra in the 1960s; her involvement with the Australian National University and her teaching position at Lyneham High School; her second marriage to Ken Inglis and how their move to New Guinea in the 1970s was the inspiration for her first book which launched her writing career.[1]\nAmirah Inglis died in Melbourne on 2 May 2015, aged 88.\n[1] Summary from National Library of Australia\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-a-white-woman-safe-sexual-anxiety-and-politics-in-port-moresby-1920-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/amirah-an-un-australian-childhood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coming-of-age-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-a-dutiful-red-daughter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hammer-sickle-and-the-washing-up-memories-of-an-australian-woman-communist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fitzpatrick-kathleen-elizabeth-1905-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/amirah-inglis-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-amirah-inglis-1950-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/amirah-inglis-interviewed-by-peter-biskup-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/amirah-inglis-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-and-jack-blake-further-papers-1937-2004\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scotter, Sheila Winifred Gordon", "Entry ID": "AWE0450", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scotter-sheila-winifred-gordon\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Calcutta, India", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Broadcaster, Columnist", "Summary": "On 8th June 1992, Sheila Scotter was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for services to the Arts, particularly through fundraising. She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 13th June 1970 for services to journalism and commerce.\n", "Events": "Appointed Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to The Arts, particularly through fundraising. (1992 - 1992) \nAppointed to the Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) for services to journalism and commerce. (1970 - 1970) \nChairman of The Dame Joan Hammond Award (1988 - 1988) \nDirector of Conde Nast Publications (1962 - 1971) \nEditor-in-Chief of Vogue Living magazine (1962 - 1971) \nEditor-in-Chief of Vogue Australia (1962 - 1971) \nFoundation Vice-Chairman of the Victorian State Opera Foundation (1982 - 1988) \nHead of the marketing division of Joseph Bancroft and Son Wilmington Delaware for Continental Europe Paris (1958 - 1962) \nHigh Fashion Buyer for Georges Melbourne (1953 - 1956) \nHigh Fashion Buyer for Myer Melbourne (1949 - 1953) \nMember of the Board of Australian Opera (1969 - 1972) \nMember of the Board of the Victorian State Opera (1980 - 1983) \nPromotion Director of the marketing division of Joseph Bancroft and Son Wilmington Delaware for Australia and New Zealand (1956 - 1958)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/its-fashion-sweetie-darling\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-bedside-cookbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vogue-australia-queen-of-style-scotter-dies-91\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sheila-winifred-gordon-scotter-mbe\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-sheila-winnifred-gordon-scotter-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-sheila-scotter-am-mbe-1993-picture-greg-barrett\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Taylor, Marjory Alice Hamlet", "Entry ID": "AWE0456", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-marjory-alice-hamlet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Corowa, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Marjory Taylor became a Member of the Order of Australia on 9 June 1980 for her service to nursing.\nDuring World War II she served with the Royal Australian Airforce Nursing Service (1944-1946) and worked voluntarily as senior nursing officer with the Girl Guide International Service in the British Zone, Germany, for three years.\nFrom 1950 until 1981 Marjory worked with the Geelong Hospital, first as supervisor of the Maternity Wing and then Director of nursing. For 17 years - two as president - Marjory was a board member of the Intellectually Handicapped (Karingal) and was a founder and Board Member of the Geelong Hospice Care Association.\n", "Events": "Chairman of the Board of Management for the Fairfield Hospital, Victoria (1984 - 1987) \nDirector of Nursing at the Geelong Hospital (1956 - 1981) \nHonorary Secretary of the Florence Nightingale Commission Australia (1981 - 1991) \nMarried Franciszek Walkowski (deceased 1987) (1968 - 1968) \nMember of the Board of Management for the Fairfield Hospital, Victoria (1982 - 1992) \nMember of the Geelong YWCA Board (1981 - 1988) \nMember of the National Executive of the YWCA (1985 - 1989) \nMember of the Order of Australia for service to nursing (1980 - 1980) \nPresident of the Geelong YWCA Board (1982 - 1985) \nServed with the Royal Australian Airforce Nursing Service (1944 - 1946) \nSupervisor of the Maternity Wing at the Geelong Hospital (1950 - 1956) \nVoluntary Senior Nursing Officer for the Girl Guide International Service in the British Zone, Germany (1947 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-matrons-to-directors-of-nursing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/50-years-of-influence-an-oral-history-of-marjory-taylor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-marjory-hamlet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-life-of-caring-for-the-displaced-and-infirm\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Meyer, Hilda Florence", "Entry ID": "AWE0472", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meyer-hilda-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Major Hilda Florence Meyer was appointed Assistant Controller Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) Land Headquarters (L.H.Q) and she served in this capacity from November 1942 until August 1944. She attended the third Australian Women's Services Administrative School in Melbourne, which was established in 1943, to gain advanced training in Army organisation and administration. Courses were held at the school between October 1943 and July 1945. Major Meyer was appointed Deputy Assistant Controller AAMWS Headquarters, Western Command, to administer the movement and placement of AAMWS in Western Australian medical units between 1944 and 1945.\nSource used to compile this entry: From Blue to Khaki by Betty Mount-Batten p. 48 \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meyer-hilda-florence-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meyer-hilda-florence-service-number-vx117124-date-of-birth-31-dec-1899-place-of-birth-kalgoorlie-wa-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-meyer-hilda\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Healy, June Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE0480", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/healy-june-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Before enlisting in the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) in 1960, June Healy was a member of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corp. She attended the 9\/60 Officer Cadet Course (OCS) and was then posted as Adjutant\/Quartermaster at 31 WRAAC Barrack Melbourne and in 1962 to WRAAC School as Adjutant (CMF).\nAfter her marriage to Major John Healy in 1963, June held an assortment of positions, usually in the area of training and office management, wherever her husband was posted. Also she worked as a volunteer on numerous Army Wives Committees and helped in setting up the first Thrift Shop at the Canungra Land Welfare Centre to assist in the funding of the local Girl Guides. In 1978 Healy became a member of the WRAAC Association and served as the State vice-president and president of the ACT Association. From 1995 until 1999 she was National president. From 1981 Healy was a foundation member of the Defence Widows Support Group. This group assists defence widows whose husbands were not killed during war service, did not die of war caused disabilities and therefore do not qualify for a War Widows' Pension. On 11 June 1990 June Healy was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for service to veterans. In 1994 she became a member of the War Widows' Guild of Australia (ACT) and was State president from 1995 to 1998 and National president from 1998 to 2002.\nIn October 2002 June Healy joined the Australian Women in War Project representing the War Widows' Guild of Australia.\n", "Events": "Adjutant Quartermaster 31 WRAAC Barrack Melbourne (ARA) (1961 - 1961) \nAdjutant WRAAC School Sydney (ARA) (1963 - 1963) \nAwarded Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for service to veterans (1990 - 1990) \nBirth of second daughter (1971 - 1971) \nBoard member of ACTION Bus Advisory Committee (1996 - 1996) \nBoard member of COTA (Australia) (1987 - 1987) \nBoard member of the Governing Council RMC Duntroon Society (1995 - 1995) \nBoard member of the Heart Foundation (ACT Division) (1995 - 1995) \nBoard member of the Life Education Centre (1993 - 1993) \nBoard member of the Ryder Cheshire World War Memorial Fund (1990 - 1990) \nChairperson of the Peer Education Project - Pharmaceuticals (1996 - 1996) \nCommittee member of \"Access\" (ACROD) (1995 - 1995) \nCommittee member of the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council (APAC) (1995 - 1995) \nCommittee member of the Hospital Discharge Planning Working Party for the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council (1995 - 1995) \nCommittee member of the Quality Use of Medicines in Nursing Homes Working Party for the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council (1995 - 1995) \nConsumer representative on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Council (PBAC) (1997 - 1997) \nDeputy national president of COTA (Australia) (1994 - 1994) \nDeputy national secretary of the Returned & Services League of Australia (1981 - 1992) \nEmployed in staff training for Condamine Country Estate Brisbane (1974 - 1974) \nEmployed in staff training for John P Young and Associates Management Consultants (1970 - 1970) \nEmployed in staff training for Village Cinemas Melbourne (1978 - 1978) \nFirst daughter born (1965 - 1965) \nFoundation member of the Defence Widows Support Group (1981 - 1981) \nGraduated from Girdlestone Girls School, Perth (1949 - 1949) \nHonorary president of the Canberra Services Club (1998 - 1998) \nHonorary secretary of the Heart Foundation (ACT) Division (1998 - 1998) \nMarried John Boyd Healy (1963 - 1963) \nMember of the Australian Council for Overseas Aid (ACFOA) on the International Disaster Emergency Committee (IDEC) (1978 - 1981) \nMember of the committee for Hospital and Quality Use of Medicines for the Consumer Health Forum (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Disease Management Advisory Committee for the Health Insurance Commission (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the Guild Commercial Limited Pharmacy Intranet Consultative Group (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the International Disaster Emergency Committee of the Australian Council for Overseas Aid (1980 - 1980) \nMember of the Pharmaceutical Project Steering Committee (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Preventive Care Trial Steering Committee for the Department of Veterans' Affairs (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the Respite Care Task Group for Aged Care Australia (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Respite Review Reference Group for the Department of Human Services and Health (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Response to the Industry Committee Report (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Seniors Card Scheme Committee for the Australian Capital Territory Government (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Sir Edward Dunlop Medical Research Foundation (ACT) (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Veteran's Affairs Medical Ethics Committee (1995 - ) \nNational president of the Council on the Ageing (Australia) (1996 - 1998) \nNational president of the War Widows' Guild (Australia) (1998 - 2002) \nNational president of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps Association (WRAAC) (1995 - 1995) \nNational secretary of the Returned & Services League of Australia (1992 - 1995) \nOfficer cadet at the WRAAC School Sydney (ARA) (1960 - 1960) \nPresident of the War Widows' Guild ACT (1995 - 1995) \nQualified reviewer for the Community Health and Accreditation Standards Program (CHASP) (1995 - 1995) \nRepresented the War Widows' Guild of Australia at the dedication of the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004 - 2004) \nResearch and Library Assistant at Sandhurst Military Academy (United Kingdom) (1966 - 1968) \nServed with the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corp (RAANC) (CMF) (1954 - 1960) \nServed with the Women's Royal Australian Army Corp (WRAAC) (1960 - 1965) \nWorked for the West Australian Newspaper Limited (1951 - 1960) \nWorked with Cheshire Homes Muscular Dystrophy patients (1972 - 1973) \nWorked with Singapore Childrens Home abandoned and orphaned children (1972 - 1973) \nWorked with Tampines Homes - Physically and Mentally Disabled persons (1972 - 1973)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-of-the-queen-women-in-the-australian-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-june-healy-retired-officer-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-deputy-national-secretary-1981-1992-and-national-secretary-1992-1994-of-the-returned-services-league-of-austr\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jeffrey, Agnes (Betty)", "Entry ID": "AWE0570", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jeffrey-agnes-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Nurse, Nursing administrator", "Summary": "Betty Jeffrey was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia on 8 June 1987 for service to the welfare of nurses in Victoria and ex-service men and women. Jeffrey was one of the members of the Australian Army Nursing Service who was captured by the Japanese after the fall of Singapore in 1942. Incarcerated in Japanese prisoner of war camps for three and a half years, after the war she wrote about the experiences in White Coolies (1954) which was later the basis for the film script Paradise Road (1999). After her return to Melbourne, and spending some time in hospital, Jeffrey and fellow survivor Vivian Bullwinkel travelled throughout Victoria raising funds towards a memorial for military nurses. The Nurses Memorial Centre was opened on 19 February 1950 and Jeffrey was appointed its first administrator. In 1986 she became the Centre's patron.\n", "Events": "Appointed administrator of the Nurses Memorial Centre (1950 - 1950) \nArrived back in Australia (1945 - 1945) \nArrived in Singapore with the 2\/10 Australian General Hospital (1941 - 1941) \nCompleted nursing training at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne (1935 - 1938) \nDischarged from the Australian Army Nursing Service (1946 - 1946) \nEvacuated from Singapore with approximately 300 people on the Vyner Brooke (1942 - 1942) \nIncarcerated in Japanese prisoner of war camps in Sumatra (1942 - 1945) \nJoined the Australian Army Nursing Service (1941 - 1941) \nPatron of the Nurses Memorial Centre (1986 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diary-of-sister-betty-jeffrey-australian-nursing-sister-captured-by-the-japanese-in-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-coolies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/matron-a-m-sage-sammie-a-tribute-by-betty-jeffrey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-jeffrey-oam-rn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-war-the-exceptional-life-of-wilma-oram-young-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sutherland, Selina Murray Macdonald", "Entry ID": "AWE0577", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutherland-selina-murray-macdonald\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Parish of Kildonnel, Sutherland, Scotland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Philanthropist, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Selina (also spelt Sulina) Sutherland was the first person in the State of Victoria to be licensed under the 1887 Neglected Children's Act. The Act sanctioned private licensed individuals to remove children from unfit homes and take them under their own guardianship. The daughter of Baigrie and Janet (n\u00e9e MacDonald) Sutherland, Selina Sutherland was born in Scotland, spent some time in New Zealand before settling in Melbourne, Australia, in 1881. Initially she worked as a nurse and, along with Mrs Maria Armour, founded the Scots' Church Neglected Children's Aid Society in 1881. For the next 28 years Sutherland was involved with helping Melbourne's poor. Following her death on 8 October 1909 a public appeal was held to erected a granite memorial for her grave.\n", "Events": "Appointed by the Presbytery of Melbourne the first Lady Missionary to the Presbyterian Churches in Victoria (1886 - ) \nEmigrated to New Zealand on the Eastern Empire (1864 - ) \nEstablished the Presbyterian Neglected Children's Aid Society (1894 - 1894) \nEstablished the Society in Aid of Maternity Hospital Patients (1883 - ) \nEstablished the Victorian Neglected Children's Aid Society (1895 - 1895) \nFounded the Melbourne District Nursing Society (1885 - 1885) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2010 - 2010) \nInterrupted a meeting of the Melbourne Ladies' Benevolent Society, with a group of poor people whose needs she felt the Society was failing to meet. (1892 - 1892) \nMatron of Wellington Hospital (1879 - ) \nPrincipal founder of Masterton Hospital (1879 - 1879) \nSettled in Melbourne, Victoria (1881 - 1881) \nThe first person to be appointed in Victoria to receive children under the Neglected Children's Act, part 8 (1888 - 1888) \nVisited the United Kingdom during the Queen Victoria's Diamond Jublee and presented to Queen Victoria (1897 - 1897) \nWrote a paper on slum life in Melbourne for the second Australasian Conference on Charity (1891 - 1891)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johns-notable-australians-1906\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/selina-sutherland-child-rescuer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/selinas-legacy-from-vcas-to-oz-child\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-victorian-charity-network-in-the-1890s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/selina-m-sutherland-her-life-story-and-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-just-ordinary-blokes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biography-sutherland-selina-murray-mcdonald\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1893-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Osborne, Ethel Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0579", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osborne-ethel-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armley, Leeds, Yorkshire, England", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Ethel Osborne and her husband William, who had been appointed professor of physiology and histology at the University of Melbourne, migrated to Australia in 1904. Osborne, a foundation member of The Catalysts, visited the Lyceum Club while travelling through London. At the inaugural meeting of the Lyceum Club in Melbourne she was elected vice-president. Back in England during World War I Osborne worked with the British Ministry of Munitions of War. Here she conducted investigations for the Health of Munition Workers' Committee and the Industrial Fatigue Research Board. Upon her return to Melbourne she was invited to report to the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration on the conditions of employment of women workers in the clothing industry, for a case which won some workers a 44 hour week. Osborne then studied medicine at the University of Melbourne, practising at the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, the (Royal) Melbourne Hospital and privately. Osborne became a foundation member of the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy council, serving as treasurer, vice-president and president. When the college's new premises were opened in 1927, its hall was named after her. Before retiring, in 1938, Osborne represented Australia at the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference (Honolulu 1928 and 1930), attended the Congress on Industrial Accidents and Diseases (Geneva) the International Congress of Industrial Relations (Amsterdam), the Disarmament Conference (Paris) and investigated employment problems in Yorkshire.\n", "Events": "Appointed substitute delegate to the League of Nations assembly (1931 - 1931) \nAttended four public health congresses in England and an international congress on cancer research in Brussels (1937 - 1937) \nAttended inaugural meeting and elected vice-president of the Lyceum Club, Melbourne (1912 - 1912) \nAttended the Congress on Industrial Accidents and Diseases (Geneva), the International Congress on Industrial Relations (Amsterdam), the Disarmament Conference (Paris), and investigated employment problems in Yorkshire (1931 - 1931) \nCommonwealth delegate to the international congress on industrial accidents and diseases, Amsterdam (1925 - 1925) \nCommonwealth delegate to the international congress on industrial accidents and diseases, Budapest (1928 - 1928) \nFoundation member of The Catalysts (1910 - 1910) \nFoundation member of the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy Council (1912 - 1937) \nGraduated MB BS from the University of Melbourne (1923 - 1923) \nGraduated with a Diploma of Public Health from the University of Melbourne (1931 - 1931) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2008 - 2008) \nInvited to report to the Australian Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration on the conditions of employment of women workers in the clothing industry (1919 - 1919) \nMarried William Osborne at Armley Church of England and they were to have four children (1903 - 1903) \nMedicial locum in England and substitute delegate to the League of Nations assembly (1932 - 1932) \nObtained BSc. from Leeds University (1901 - 1901) \nPresident of the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy Council (1915 - 1917) \nPresident of the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy Council (1919 - 1929) \nProgramme secretary and liaison officer for the League of Nations and the International Labour Office at the second Pan-Pacific Women's Conference, Honolulu (1930 - 1930) \nPublished her report on the health of female workers in the printing and allied trades, commissioned by the union (1924 - 1924) \nRepresented Australia at the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference in Honolulu (1928 - 1928) \nRetired with her husband to their property at Kangaroo Ground (1938 - 1938) \nSettled in Australia (1904 - 1904) \nVisited the Lyceum Club, London and reported back to the Catalysts group (1910 - 1910) \nVisited the United States of America and investigated industrial hygiene and medicine, women's unionism and home economics (1921 - 1921) \nWhen the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy new premises were opened, its hall was named after her (1927 - 1927) \nWhile overseas she investigated dietary departments and schools for St Vincent's Hospital (1928 - 1929)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-emily-mac-the-story-of-the-emily-mcpherson-college-1906-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethel-elizabeth-osborne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osborne-ethel-elizabeth-1882-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osborne-william-alexander-1873-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1912-ca-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1910-2013-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Webb, Jessie Stobo Watson", "Entry ID": "AWE0580", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-jessie-stobo-watson\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ellerslie station, near Tumut, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Linden Private Hospital St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian, Lecturer", "Summary": "Jessie Webb became the first female teacher at the University of Melbourne when she joined the History Department. A prominent figure in women's organisations she was a founding member of the Catalysts, the Lyceum Club, the Victorian Women Graduates Association, and the Women's College. Webb, who completed two major overseas trips, is permanently commemorated in the name of the History Department Library at the University of Melbourne.\n", "Events": "Accompanied Dr Georgina Sweet on a journey from Cape Town to Cairo (1922 - 1923) \nActing professor at the University of Melbourne (1925 - 1925) \nActing professor at the University of Melbourne (1933 - 1934) \nActing professor at the University of Melbourne (1942 - 1944) \nAlternate delegate to the League of Nations assembly (1923 - 1923) \nAppointed by the University of Melbourne Council as an evening lecturer in history, to teach courses on the British Empire and Ancient History (1908 - 1908) \nAwarded the Wyselaskie Scholarship in English Constitutional History (1901 - 1901) \nBecame a senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne (1923 - 1923) \nCompleted second oversea trip. From England to North Africa, then back to France and by train to Athens, thence to Turkey, down to the Aegean coast and east as far as Cappadocia. She returned to Germany then to Syria and Iraq. (1936 - 1936) \nElected president of the Princess Ida Club (1909 - 1909) \nEnrolled at the University of Melbourne (1898 - 1898) \nFoundation member of the Lyceum Club (1912 - 1944) \nFoundation member of the Royal Victorian Historical Society, membership number 30. (1909 - 1909) \nGave a paper to the Catalysts on Crete (1916 - 1916) \nGave a paper to the Catalysts on the causes of war (1914 - 1914) \nGave a paper to the Catalysts titled 'Pragmatism, or the life and works of Annie Swan' (1911 - 1911) \nGraduated Batchelor of Arts (BA) (1902 - 1902) \nJoined the Princess Ida Club. Membership number 222 (1898 - 1898) \nOne of the original 19 members who formed the Catalysts (1910 - 1910) \nPassed matriculation examinations aged 16 years. Obtained honours in English, History and French and passed in German, Geography and Physiology. She obtained the Exhibition in English and History. (1896 - ) \nPresident of the Melbourne Lyceum Club (1920 - 1922) \nPresident of the Victorian Woman Graduates' Association (1924 - 1925) \nPrincipal of Coaching College at 6, The Block, Collins Street, Melbourne (1914 - 1921) \nRegistered as a teacher under the Teachers and Schools Registration Act of 1905 (1906 - 1906) \nServed on the Princess Ida Club committee 1911-1912, 1914 and was delegate to the National Council of Women of Victoria (1911 - 1914) \nTutor in history and political economy at Trinity College (1901 - 1912) \nWinner of the Cobden Club medal (1901 - 1901)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-scholarship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garden-parties-and-politics-the-victorian-womens-graduate-association-1920-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-jessie-stobo-watson-1880-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-jessie-stobo-watson-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/churchward-lloyd-gordon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/haynes-stanley-goddard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ridley-ronald-thomas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webster-mona\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-jessie-stobo-watson-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-jessie-stobo-watson-4\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Downing, Cecilia", "Entry ID": "AWE0586", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/downing-cecilia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Islington, London, England", "Death Place": "Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Cecilia Downing was a leading figure in the Victorian women's movement in the early twentieth century, spreading her activities and influence over an enormous range of organisations. The daughter of Isaac and Mary (n\u00e9e Morgan) Hopkins, Downing was born in London and came to Australia in 1858. She obtained her Teaching Certificate from the Training Institution in Carlton and taught at Portarlington before marrying John Downing in 1885. The couple returned to Melbourne in 1901. Although she had seven children, Cecilia became heavily involved in women's groups and welfare work. She was one of Victoria's first child probation officers (1907) and was an officer bearer with both the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Australian Women's National League. From the 1920s, she devoted her energies to the Housewives Association (having become one of its earliest members in 1917) and served as its federal president from 1940-45 and Victorian president from 1938 until her death in 1952. On 8 June 1950 Cecilia Downing was appointed a Member of the British Empire for social welfare services in Victoria.\n", "Details": "A member of the Collins Street Baptist Church for 46 years, she helped establish their Women's Guild in 1910 and the Victorian Baptist Women's Association in 1926. In 1935 she was elected foundation president of the Women's Board of the Baptist Union of Australia. She was also honorary secretary of the National Council of Women of Victoria (1928-1935) and foundation president of the National Travellers' Aid Society (1944), having been an executive member of the Victorian Society since 1920. During WWII she was also involved with the Australian Comforts Fund, the Victorian Council of Women's Emergency Service and the War Loan and War Savings Certificates Committee.\n", "Events": "Australian Delegate to the Baptist World Alliance Conference in Toronto (1928 - 1928) \nAustralian Delegate to the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Lausanne (1928 - 1928) \nExecutive Member, Travellers' Aid Society of Victoria (1920 - 1932) \nFounding superintendent of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union's immigration department (1911 - 1911) \nHonorary Secretary, National Council of Women of Victoria (1928 - 1936) \nJoined the Collins Street Baptist Church (1906 - 1906) \nJunior Vice President, Travellers' Aid Society of Victoria (1932 - 1940) \nMarried John Downing, they had seven children (1885 - 1885) \nOne of the government's first child-probation officers (1907 - 1907) \nPresident of the Australian Baptist Women's Board (1935 - 1938) \nPresident of the Federated Association of Australian Housewives (1949 - 1951) \nPresident of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (1912 - 1915) \nPresident, Collins Street Baptist Women's Guild (1934 - 1943) \nPresident, Federated Association of Australian Housewives (1940 - 1945) \nPresident, Housewives Association of Victoria (1938 - 1952) \nPresident, National Travellers' Aid Society (1944 - 1944) \nPresident, National Travellers' Aid Society (1947 - 1947) \nPresident, Travellers' Aid Society of Victoria (1941 - 1942) \nPresident, Travellers' Aid Society of Victoria (1945 - 1945) \nRecording secretary of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Victoria (1909 - 1909) \nSecretary, Baptist Women's Association, Victoria (1932 - 1941) \nVice-president of the Housewives' Co-operative Association (later Housewives' Association of Victoria) (1917 - 1917)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/founder-of-the-womens-board-cecilia-downing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/downing-cecilia-1858-1952\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-sacred-trust-cecilia-downing-baptist-faith-and-feminist-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-good-that-we-can-do-cecilia-downing-and-feminist-christian-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mission-to-the-home-the-housewives-association-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-and-protestant-christianity-1920-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-dictionary-of-evangelical-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1904-1960-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1850-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-inc-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Heagney, Muriel Agnes", "Entry ID": "AWE0599", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heagney-muriel-agnes\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political candidate, Trade unionist, Writer", "Summary": "Muriel Heagney worked tirelessly for the labour movement in various capacities during her long life. Her major commitment, however, was to achieve equal pay for women workers. Born into a labour family, she joined the Richmond branch of the Political Labour Council (later the Australian Labor Party - ALP) in 1906, and was a delegate to the Women's Central Organising Committee in 1909. Other positions she held included: membership of the Victorian central executive of the Australian Labor Party from 1926-1927; secretary of the Women's Central Organising Committee; and ex officio member of the party's central executive in 1955. She was a founding member of the Council of Action for Equal Pay which was established in Sydney in 1937 under the auspices of the New South Wales branch of the Federated Clerks' Union and was secretary for most of its existence. It disbanded in 1948. She returned to Victoria in 1950 and continued to maintain her union and political interests into the 1960s. Her publications include Are women taking men's jobs?, (1935), Equal pay for the sexes, (1948), Arbitration at the crossroads, (1954). She died in poverty in St Kilda in May 1974.\n", "Details": "Heagney made two attempts to enter an Australian parliament. She made her first attempt in 1933 when she stood as an ALP candidate in the by-election for the state Legislative Assembly seat of Boroondara, which was held on 29 April. This was and remains a conservative seat. She was placed second in a field of seven on the primary vote, with 20.54 per cent of the vote, but on the two-party preferred count she was placed third, with 24.36 per cent of the vote, after the winner Trevor Oldham (United Australia Party) and James Nettleton, another United Australia Party candidate. This was a creditable performance as the ALP had not fielded a candidate for that seat in the 1932 state election.\nShe made her second attempt in 1956 at the age of 70, when she stood unsuccessfully for ALP pre-selection to the Australian Senate.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/are-women-taking-mens-jobs-a-survey-of-womens-work-in-victoria-with-special-regard-to-equal-status-equal-pay-and-equality-of-opportunity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arbitration-at-the-crossroads\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heagney-muriel-agnes-1885-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/muriel-heagney-and-the-council-of-action-for-equal-pay-1937-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-cause-of-equality-muriel-heagney-and-the-position-of-women-in-the-depression\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brazen-hussies-and-gods-police-fighting-back-in-the-depression-years-revised-version-of-article-published-in-hecate-v-8-no-1-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/famine-relief-on-the-volga-muriel-heagneys-winter-sojourn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/exercising-political-citizenship-muriel-heagney-and-the-australian-labor-party-1906-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heagney-muriel-agnes-1885-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heagney-patrick-reginald-1858-1922\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1936-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-fleming-arnot-personal-and-professional-papers-1890-1995\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Robinson, Rachel Theresa", "Entry ID": "AWE0610", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robinson-rachel-theresa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Launceston, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Secretary", "Summary": "Rachel Robinson became the General Organising Secretary of the Housewives' Association (Victorian Division) in 1924. Educated at the Presentation Convent, Launceston, from 1912 to 1915, Robinson was an organiser with the People's Liberal Party. She held the position of Organiser with the Australian Industries League in 1919-1921. Robinson acted as secretary for a number of candidates at various state and federal elections.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Speedie, Alice Beatrice", "Entry ID": "AWE0612", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speedie-alice-beatrice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Riverton, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Alice Speedie, the daughter of the Reverend John and Susan (n\u00e9e Long) Burns was treasurer of the Housewives' Association of Victoria for 20 years. Educated at Clarendon College, Ballarat Victoria and Inglemere College, Adelaide, South Australia, she married Charles Speedie on 10 October 1905. They had three children. A member of the executive to the Children's Cinema Council of Victoria, Speedie was President of the Australian Women's National League, Elsternwick branch, between 1939-1943. She later became vice-president of the branch. A delegate to the National Council of Women of Victoria and the Youth Problem of Today committee, Speedie was the President of the Housewives' Association of Victoria, Elsternwick branch. Aged 76, Alice Speedie died in 1955.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brooks, Violet", "Entry ID": "AWE0746", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brooks-violet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bombay, Maharashtra, India", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Governor's spouse", "Summary": "Born Muriel Violet Turner Laing, Violet Brooks was the wife of Sir Reginald Alexander Dallas Brooks, governor of Victoria from 1949-1963.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-lady-violet-brooks-wife-of-former-victorian-governor-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Creswick, Alice Ishbel Hay", "Entry ID": "AWE0748", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creswick-alice-ishbel-hay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Aberdeen, Scotland", "Death Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Early Childhood Educationist, Red Cross leader", "Summary": "Alice Creswick (n\u00e9e Reid) is best known for her work in the Free Kindergarten Union (FKU) although she was also an important figure in the Australian Red Cross Society (ARCS) during World War 2. A woman of considerable energy and acumen, she developed a life-long interest in the area of early childhood development. She was president of the committee of the Lady Northcote Free Kindergarten for ten years (1928-1938) and joined the executive of the Free Kindergarten Union (FKU), becoming president in 1939. In 1940, she was 'headhunted' by the Australian Red Cross Society, when they asked her to become its principal commandant. In this capacity, she travelled widely, both inspecting and establishing Red Cross services and activities. She resigned from this position in 1946 and immediately resumed her presidency of the FKU, picking up where she left off as an energetic leader who tirelessly lobbied the government for greater support for pre-school training. Ill health forced her to resign in 1949, but she maintained her interest and activism in the area of early childhood development. She died in 1973, leaving large bequests to the organisations she supported in her lifetime: the FKU, the Australian Red Cross and the Anglican Church.\n", "Events": "Appointed a dame of grace of the Order of St John (1947 - 1947) \nAppointed life vice-president of the Free Kindergarten Union (1949 - 1949) \nAppointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1958 - 1958) \nEstablished the Colombo Plan pre-school standing committee of the Australian Pre-School Association (1953 - 1953) \nFoundation vice-president of the Australian Association of Pre-School Child Development (later Australian Pre-School Association) (1939 - 1939) \nFounded the Alice Creswick scholarship fund (later named the Alice Creswick and Sheila Kinpton scholarship) (1955 - 1955) \nGained State government help for the extension of buildings and facilities at the Kindergarten Training College, Kew (1947 - 1947) \nJunior Vice Chairman of the Australian Red Cross Society (1946 - 1949) \nMarried Henry Forbes (1910 - 1910) \nPresident of the Free Kindergarten Union (1939 - 1940) \nPresident of the Free Kindergarten Union (1946 - 1949) \nPresident of the Lady Northcote Free Kindergarten (1928 - 1938) \nPrincipal Commandant of Women Personnel for the Australian Red Cross Society (1940 - 1946) \nRepresented the Australian Red Cross at the Oslo conference (1954 - 1954) \nRepresented the Australian Red Cross at the Stockholm conference (1948 - 1948) \nVisited pre-schools in England, France and Sweden (1949 - 1949)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creswick-alice-ishbel-hay-1889-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-alice-creswick-noted-in-australian-pre-school-quarterly-feb-1967-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hoffman, Elizabeth Maud", "Entry ID": "AWE0962", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hoffman-elizabeth-maud\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cummeragunja, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Cummeragunja, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Public servant", "Summary": "Elizabeth Hoffman grew up at the Cummeragunja Reserve in New South Wales. She moved to Melbourne in 1971, and started to work with the Aborigines Advancement League (AAL) as Matron of the Gladys Mitchell Youth Hostel. She was elected President of the AAL Management Committee three times, and at different times was Vice President and Treasurer, until taking up employment with the League as Director in 1976. She was the Chairperson of the Aboriginal Legal Service for three years, and the Chairperson of the Aboriginal Housing Co-operative. She also worked with the National Aboriginal and Island Women's Council and the Women's Council at Echuca, and was a member of the Steering Committee of the Aboriginal Housing Board and of the local Aboriginal Land Council. She also worked as a Commissioner with the Aboriginal Development Commission. In the early 1970s, she co-founded the Elizabeth Hoffman House, Aboriginal women's refuge in Melbourne which in 1984 became Incorporated and independent of the AAL. She was one of the 250 women included in the Victorian Honour Roll of Women which was read out in Victoria's Parliament House on 7 May 2001. She was awarded a National NAIDOC Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2006 and her collection of poetry To Our Koori Sons was published in 2009.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-aboriginal-women-pathfinders-their-difficulties-and-their-achievements\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/survivors-lay-claim-to-the-past-for-their-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hoffman-elizabeth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-seek-refuge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-hoffman-house-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bush-tucker-healing-plants-and-seafood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-and-native-title-in-south-east-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Booth, Sarah", "Entry ID": "AWE0966", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/booth-sarah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Boston, Lincolnshire, England", "Death Place": "St Kilda East, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Sarah Crisp Booth (1844-1928) was instrumental in making a success of the first Melbourne Young Women's Christian Organisation, which was officially recognised by the Young Women's Christian Organisation of Great Britain on the 21st May 1883.\nInitially a reluctant recruit, Booth (together with her sister E.W. Booth), became the first General Secretary of the Melbourne Young Women's Christian Organisation of Melbourne. She is listed as Honorary Secretary 1882- 1910.\nAs part of the 'midnight missions', library development, 'gospel temperance union' and factory visit programs, Booth - keenly aware of space restrictions - set up a building fund in 1886. This resulted in the purchase of the \"Christian Home for Girls\" in Jolimont in 1888.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dinna-forget-stories-from-real-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dauntless-bunch-the-story-of-the-ywca-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/y-w-c-a-1882-1982-melbourne-pictorial-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-anxious-future-australian-christian-womens-organisations-meet-the-modern-world-1890s-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-suffrage-petition-1891\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Briggs, Louisa", "Entry ID": "AWE0975", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/briggs-louisa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Preservation Island, Bass Strait, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Cummergunja, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal spokesperson, Matron, Midwife, Nurse", "Summary": "Louisa Briggs, of Woiworung descent, was born on Preservation Island, Bass Strait. Around 1853 she and her husband, John, went to the Victorian goldfields. Then they worked as shepherds in the Beaufort district until 1871 when the family was admitted destitute to Coranderrk Aboriginal Station. There Briggs acted as nurse and midwife. In 1876 she was appointed matron and became the first Aboriginal woman to replace a European on salaried staff. She became the spokesperson for the residents and succeeded in securing the reappointment of the popular first manager. She fought the Aborigines Protection Board's plans to sell Coranderrk and remove residents to other reserves, and gave evidence to the 1876 inquiry but was eventually forced off the reserve and moved to Ebenezer Aboriginal Station. After yet another inquiry in 1881 she moved back to Coranderrk where she was reappointed matron. When her sons were forced off the reserve under the Victorian Aborigines Protection Act 1886, she moved first to Maloga Mission, and in 1889 to Cummeragunja reserve. Late in life she moved to Barmah and finally to Cummeragunja where she died in 1925.\n", "Details": "Louisa Briggs was a strong-minded, hard-working woman, a regular church-goer, remembered for her humour, audacity and courage.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/briggs-louisa-1836-1925\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-life-together-a-life-apart-a-history-of-relations-between-europeans-and-aborigines\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/this-most-resolute-lady-a-biography-puzzle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/plaque-honors-aboriginal-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jackomos, Merle Robertha", "Entry ID": "AWE0980", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jackomos-merle-robertha\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cummeragunja, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Author, Community worker", "Summary": "Merle Jackomos, of Yorta Yorta descent, grew up at Cummeragunja, New South Wales. During the famous walk-off of the Cummeragunja people who crossed into Victoria in 1939, Merle and her family were amongst those who stayed to make sure that the station was not closed and sold off by the government. She married Alick Jackomos in 1951, and became involved with the Aborigines Advancement League of Victoria. She helped found the National Aboriginal and Islander Women's Council of which she became Victorian vice-president, and the Northcote Aboriginal women's refuge. In 1972 she was elected to the Aboriginal Affairs Advisory Council. She was later appointed director of Aboriginal Hostels Ltd, and in 1981 was elected to the National Aboriginal Conference, of which she remained a member until its abolition in 1985.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-lake-tyers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-aboriginals-in-the-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-aboriginal-history-of-victoria-stories-in-the-oral-tradition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-lake-tyers-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-cummeragunga-and-maloga\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/museum-of-victoria-daughters-of-a-dreaming\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aborigines-advancement-league-of-victoria-group-portraits-from-the-conscience-calling-ball-1961\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/historical-images-from-victoria-1880-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alick-and-merle-jackomos-wedding-day-at-st-augustins\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/life-on-an-aboriginal-reserve-cummeragunja-by-merle-robertha-jackomos-nee-morgan-1980\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Powell, Sarah Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE0989", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/powell-sarah-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collector, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Box Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Sarah Powell was State President of the Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen's Mothers' Association for 25 years and was made Life President. She was decorated with the OBE in June 1943 for her services in this organisation. She founded the Croydon Branch and attended their annual meeting on her 92nd birthday five days before she died.\n", "Details": "Sarah Jane Powell the daughter of Thomas and Sarah Skewes (the Skewes are able to trace their ancestry back to John Wesley, the founder of Methodism) was born at Collector in New South Wales. The eldest of ten children she moved with her family to Warrenheip, near Ballarat in Victoria, where her father became the school master and preacher. Here she became a teacher with the Schools Board, an organist for the local church as well as teaching singing and piano. On December 29, 1886 she married Samuel James Powell and moved to Warrnambool. The parents of six children the Powell family moved to Melbourne in 1905.\nPowell became president of the Coburg branch of the Australian Women's National League as well as being the branch delegate to the Council. During World War I, in which she was to lose a son and brother, Powell became involved with the care and welfare of soldiers invalided home from the battlefronts.\nFollowing the war she became a foundation member of the Soldiers Mothers' Association (later called Sailors', Soldiers and Airmen's Mothers' Association - SS&AMA) in 1919. Powell became State President in 1921 and was made Life President in 1926. A member of the War Memorial Committee - later known as the Shrine of Remembrance, Powell represented the Mothers' Association on the committee of the Kings Memorial. She founded the Croydon Branch of the SS&AMA. When this Branch opened a Home for widows or those separated from their husbands, one of the flatettes was named in her honour.\nIn appreciation of her community work Sarah Powell was recognised by being presented with various awards including:\n\u2022 The Order of Merit from the Returned Soldiers' League (later named Returned & Services League of Australia - RSL) for her devotion to the cause of the men who fought in the Great War in 1923.\n\u2022 The Coronation Medal at the time of the coronation of King George VI in 1937.\n\u2022 Appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for social welfare work with the armed forces on June 2, 1943.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cameron, Bessy", "Entry ID": "AWE0997", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-bessy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nyungar country, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Bessy Cameron was educated at a 'native institution' (later known as Annesfield) at Albany, opened in 1852 by Anne Camfield, a teacher and governess. Bessy took her certificate of Proficiency with honours, and was sent to Sydney to attend a 'model school', where she became an accomplished pianist. In 1866 she returned to Albany to help Mrs Camfield in the school and was employed as church organist. In 1867 Bessy was sent to the Moravian Ramahyuck mission as a teacher. Not being able to marry a European man of her choice, she was transferred to Lake Tyers, were she married Donald Cameron, a Jupagilwournditch man from Ebenezer in 1868. Bessy lost her initiative and enthusiasm, which was reflected in a marked deterioration in her status. Her married years were spent moving from Ramahyuck to Lake Tyers and back, in a struggle to support her four surviving children. Her marriage deteriorated, and in 1887 Bessy fell seriously ill following another miscarriage. The rest of her life was spent battling to prevent the forceful removal of her children and grandchildren.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/efforts-made-by-western-australia-towards-the-betterment-of-her-aborigines\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bessy-cameron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-elizabeth-bessy-1851-1895\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kohn, Marie Juliane", "Entry ID": "AWE1027", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kohn-marie-juliane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Austria", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Marie Kohn was an active member and office bearer of the Victorian Federation of Catholic Mothers' Clubs, later known as the Victorian Federation of Catholic Parents' Clubs. She served as president in 1969, secretary from 1972 until 1976 and again during the 1980s. During the 1990s she served as the regional representative for Essendon. She was active also in the Catholic Women's League.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-federation-of-catholic-parents-clubs-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Morgan, Eliza Elsie", "Entry ID": "AWE1127", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/morgan-eliza-elsie\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Elsie Morgan, wife of Theodore Herbert Morgan, a prominent member of the Australian Labor Party, was elected to the Sugar Board of Inquiry in 1930-1931 as the representative for Western Australia. At that time, she was the founder of the Housewives Association of W.A., President of the Consumers' Vigilance Committee, and a member of the Executive of the Women's Service Guild.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1876-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baines, Sarah Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE1128", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baines-sarah-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Birmingham, Warwickshire, England", "Death Place": "Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Political activist", "Summary": "Jennie Baines was a prominent feminist and socialist in both Britain and Australia. Born in Birmingham, the daughter of a gunmaker, she was sent to work in a factory when she was just 11. She soon joined her parents in their Salvation Army work. She married George Baines in 1888 and had five children. In 1905 she joined the Women's Social and Political Union, becoming a full-time organiser. She was imprisoned 15 times and in 1913 was smuggled out of the country to Melbourne with her family. Once there, she worked for the Women's Political Association and joined the Women's Peave Army. With Adela Pankhurst Walsh she campaigned tirelessly against the war and conscription. She also joined the Socialist Part in 1917. In the years after World War One she continued to work in both the Labor and Socialist parties.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennie-baines-suffrage-and-an-australian-connection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-1907-1909\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kirk, Maria (Marie) Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1133", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kirk-maria-marie-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare worker, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Marie Kirk was a leading figure in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union both in Victoria and nationally and helped to establish the Victorian Union in 1887. She held numerous executive positions in the organisation. She was also a strong supporter of women's rights, a member of the Victorian Women's Franchise League, and helped to establish the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902. She supported equal pay, raising the age of consent for girls, and also took a keen interest in the welfare of women prisoners and in the kindergarten movement.\n", "Details": "Kirk (nee Sutton) was born in London in 1855 and married Frank Kirk (an ironmonger and later bootmaker) in 1878. Reared as a Quaker, she worked as a missionary in London's 'slums' and became active in the British Women's Temperance Association. In 1886 she represented this group at a meeting held in Toronto to organise the World Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She moved to Victoria that same year.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temperate-feminists-marie-kirk-and-the-wctu\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-white-ribbon-signal-official-organ-of-the-womans-temperance-union-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-suffrage-petition-1891\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pizzi, Gabrielle", "Entry ID": "AWE1139", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pizzi-gabrielle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Art Collector, Gallery Owner", "Summary": "Gabrielle Pizzi, fanatical Collingwood Football Club supporter and granddaughter of the colourful Melbourne, Australia, identity John Wren, was one of the driving forces behind the acceptance of indigenous art in the wider community. In the early 1980s, Pizzi argued that Aboriginal art should not be trivialised as 'tribal' or 'primitive' but, instead, should be regarded as an integral part of the modern movement. She made it her life's mission to have Aboriginal art accepted as powerful contemporary art, bringing the dynamic works of artists including Ronnie Tjampitjinpa, Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri and Emily Kam Kngwarray to world audiences by organising exhibitions in such unlikely places as Bangalore, Kiev and Jerusalem.\nPizzi began exhibiting Aboriginal art in Melbourne in the early 1980s, when there was still resistance to accepting it as a valid form of contemporary art. In 1987, she opened the Gallery Gabrielle Pizzi on Flinders Lane with an exhibition of cutting-edge Western Desert art. Unlike some later, exploitative dealers who capitalised on the boom she helped to create, Pizzi was known for her integrity. She always worked with art advisers from community art centres, ensuring that artists were paid correctly and new artists supported.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/why-gabrielle-pizzi-has-changed-her-mind-about-aboriginal-art-gabrielle-pizzi-tells-simeon-kronenberg\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-work-is-the-statement-an-interview-with-gabrielle-pizzi\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mythology-reality-contemporary-aboriginal-desert-art-from-the-gabrielle-pizzi-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Perry, Nancye Enid Kent", "Entry ID": "AWE1142", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perry-nancye-enid-kent\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Killara, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Scientist", "Summary": "Nancye Enid Kent Perry was born in Killara on 16 December 1918. She graduated in science from Sydney University and did postgraduate entomological research work in England. Perry later concentrated on her painting, working with the Heidelberg Art Group and others.\nStudied Sydney University 1939-42; worked National Standards Laboratory, Sydney, 1943-4; postgrad. In agricultural economic entomology 1945; DSIR England 1947-50; CSIRO Melb. 1950-51; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute 1951-2; Fisheries and Game 1953-5; C'wealth Dept. of Health, Canberra and Tasmania 1955-7; married Warren Perry 16 November 1957; demonstrator in zoology for medical students at the University of Melbourne, 1958.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1937-1987-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1900-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1917-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-nancye-perry-1989-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Weber, Ivy Lavinia", "Entry ID": "AWE1148", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weber-ivy-lavinia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Captains Flat, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Political candidate, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Ivy Lavinia Weber was the first woman to be elected to the Victorian parliament in a general election in 1937. She stood as an endorsed candidate for the Women Electors' League of Victoria for the seat of Nunawading. As an active member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, she was encouraged to stand for parliament as an independent candidate to represent women. She was re-elected on two occasions, but resigned her state seat in 1943 to contest the federal seat of Henty as part of the League of Women Voters Women for Canberra Movement. She was unsuccessful on that occasion and in 1945 when she again stood for state parliament. She retired from politics after the second defeat.\n", "Details": "Ivy Weber was born in 1892 in New South Wales, the only girl in a family of five children. She married in 1915, but was widowed in 1917, when her husband was killed in action in World War One. She was left with a small child and moved to Melbourne to join her parents. In 1919 she married Clarence Weber, a widower with seven young children. They had three more children. Clarence Weber, a physical culturist, was principal of the Weber and Rice Health and Strength College and Ivy assisted with the administration of the College. In addition she was actively involved in the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the National Council of Women and the Australasian Women's Association. Clarence Weber died in 1930 and Ivy had to earn a living to support her large family. She worked for Berlei the corset manufacturers, lecturing women on figure control through diet and exercise.\nIn June 1937 the League of Women Electors of Victoria was formed and endorsed three candidates, including Weber to stand for the state parliament. Their manifesto was 'Mother, Child, Family, Home and Health.' She was elected to the Victorian parliament in 1937 and was re-elected in 1940 and again in 1943, but resigned to contest the federal seat of Henty as part of the League of Women Voters Women for Canberra Movement.\nWeber's political platform was built on the premise that a true democracy should provide economic security and thus alleviate distress and unemployment. In her view the state should provide free education from kindergarten to university. She proposed a systematic national health scheme as a means of raising the national health standard, advocated the removal of slum dwellings and the erection of suitable homes for families. She also wanted to implement a comprehensive scheme of national insurance.\nAs a member of parliament she lobbied successfully for female representation on government boards and espoused equal pay for teachers, but she only approved of married women working in desperate circumstances. She believed that women should be on local councils and juries and advocated a homemaker's allowance for women with families. She was an advocate for the Physical Education Course at the University of Melbourne, the first of its kind in Australia, and was one of the first members of the National Co-ordinating Council for Physical Fitness, later known as the National Fitness Council.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-her-salt-women-at-work-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ivy-lavinia-weber-mla\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eleanor-glencross-and-ivy-weber-in-and-out-of-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weber-ivy-lavinia-1892-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ivy-lavinia-weber\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ivy-lavinia-weber-victorian-m-l-a-1937-1943-1979-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bon, Anne Fraser", "Entry ID": "AWE1149", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bon-anne-fraser\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dunning, Perthshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocate, Pastoralist, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Anne Fraser Bon had just turned twenty and was newly married when she arrived in Victoria, from Scotland, in 1858. Her husband, John, who was twenty-eight years her senior, was already well-established in pastoralism at Wappan Station in the Bonnie Doon area of south-eastern Victoria. Anne accompanied him to what was then a remote area and bore five children in quick succession. She was widowed at the age of thirty, in 1868, when John Bon died of a heart attack.\nUnusually for a women, after her husband's death, Anne Bon assumed management of the station. She was also unusual amongst her peers for her attempts to act on the behalf of the indigenous people of the region. A devout Presbyterian and humanitarian, Anne Bon supported Aborigines' resistance to increasing state regimes of control and surveillance. While some of her ideas and goals for the 'improvement' of Aboriginal people now seem paternalistic and outdated, many members of indigenous communities nevertheless expressed gratitude for her assistance in thwarting if not defeating the diminution of Aboriginal entitlements and civil rights. It was a cause she remained actively committed to until her death in 1936.\n", "Details": "Known locally as 'The Widow of Wappan', after the death of her husband, Anne Bon was a formidable woman who fought strenuously to protect the limited rights of Aboriginal people, a cause her husband had also supported while he was alive. Wappan offered sanctuary to indigenous people, and was a port of call for elders in their travels. It was while he was travelling that William Barak, an important indigenous leader of the nineteenth century, met Anne Bon. They formed a special relationship born from a sense of shared loss - both had experienced the death of a child.\nAnne Bon kept in contact with William Barak when he settled in Coranderrk, Healesville. When her husband John died in 1868, she was determined to raise her four children and continue to run Wappan Station. She also bought a house in Kew, Melbourne and would regularly catch the train from Bonnie Doon Station to Melbourne to attend to business matters.\nIt was to her Kew residence that William Barak brought his dying son in 1881. Anne helped William take his son to the Melbourne Hospital but he died soon afterwards. This tragedy spurred Anne on to pressure the Victorian government into conducting an inquiry into the management of Coranderrk Mission. She was a copious letter writer and became a thorn in the side of the Board for the Protection of Aborigines (BPA).\nWhen her efforts at changing conditions for Aborigines proved fruitless, she then tried to influence government policy from within. She became the first woman appointed to the Board for the Protection of Aborigines (BPA) in 1904, holding this position until her death in 1936.\nA measure of the extent to which Anne Bon valued her relationship with indigenous people in general and respected William Barak in particular can be seen in the way she commemorated Barak after his death. When her husband died, Bon had a monument constructed in his honour, upon which she mounted his name and that of the child who passed away. When Wappan was compulsorily acquired by the State Rivers and Water Commission to be flooded and make way for the Eildon Weir, Anne Bon decided that she should move this monument. At the same time, William Barak passed away. Anne engaged some tradespeople to scratch from this monument her husband's name and her child's name, and re-inscribe it in memory of William Barak. That monument is now located in the Coranderrk Aboriginal cemetery.\nAnne Bon's philanthropic activity was wide in scope. In addition to her work for the local Indigenous population, she used her money to convert her Kew home into a refuge for the sick and needy. She gave generously to the Austin Hospital and served on its ladies' committee. She was also a member of the first committee of the Charity Organisation Society, and a supporter of the Salvation Army throughout her life. She set up a school in Melbourne for Chinese children. She gave substantial donations to Presbyterian churches in Mansfield and Bonnie Doon. She brought patients from state mental institutions to stay at Wappan where they could enjoy the comforts of her home life. During WWI she donated an ambulance to the Belgian Army - for which she was decorated by King Leopold in 1921 - and gave \u00a320 to every blinded soldier in Victoria at Christmas time each year.\nAnne Bon retired to the Windsor Hotel, Melbourne, where she lived the last years of her long life.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ten-victorian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rebellion-at-coranderrk\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-from-aboriginal-women-in-victoria-1867-1926\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-widow-of-wappan-the-story-of-ann-fraser-bon-and-the-wappan-project\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-bon-project-wappan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-great-form-of-love-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bon-ann-fraser-1838-1936\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supplementary-inward-registered-correspondence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-files\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/devils-river-country-selections-from-the-history-of-the-mansfield-district-no-later-than-1979-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baylor, Hilda Gracia", "Entry ID": "AWE1187", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baylor-hilda-gracia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Wantirna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Parliamentarian, Teacher, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "In 1979, Gracia Baylor became the first woman member of the Liberal Party to be elected to the Victorian Legislative Council when she was elected as the member for Boronia. That year she was one of the first two women to be elected to the Upper House, the other being Joan Coxsedge of the Australian Labor Party. Baylor held her seat until 1985 when she resigned to contest (unsucessfully) the Legislative Assembly seat of Warrandyte.\n", "Details": "Gracia Baylor, daughter of Herbert David Parry-Okeden, a grazier and businessman and Hilary May Webster, was born in Brisbane, and educated in Victoria and Tasmania as well as Brisbane as a result of her father serving in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War Two.\nAt the National Gallery Art School in Melbourne she completed a Diploma of Fine Arts and subsequently trained as a secondary school teacher. In 1950 she married John du Frocq Freeman. She worked at Mercer House, a training college for teachers in independent schools, from 1951-57 and at Hamilton College from 1957-59. She married again in 1959, to Richard Patrick Baylor, a solicitor, with whom she had four children, three boys and a girl. She became a law clerk in her husband's firm in Healesville\nHer interest in politics was sparked when she recognised the need for a kindergarten in the town of Healesville. She served as a Healesville Shire Councillor from 1966-78 and ultimately became the first woman president of the Shire of Healesville from 1977-78. This also made her the first female Shire president in the state of Victoria. During her time in parliament she assisted in the establishment of the Queen Victoria Women's Centre.\nOver the course of her career, Gracia Baylor initiated the council-approved baby capsule program which all new parents use to safely carry their infants in cars for the first few months. 'Before this program, babies were just placed in the back of the car in a bassinet and if there was an accident, they didn't have a hope,' she said. Baylor was also instrumental in getting mammograms approved for the Medicare register and she saved the only remaining tower of the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital for Women which is now a centre for women's health.\nBaylor was an active member of the National Council of Women at the national and state level, serving as president of the National Council of Women of Victoria from 1990-93 and of the National Council of Women Australia from 1997-2000.\n", "Events": "'Women Shaping the Nation' Centenary of Federation Committee (2000 - 2001) \nCommnwealth Advisory Board for Equal Employment Opportunity for Women (1999 - 2002) \nDr Vera Scantlebury Brown Memorial trust (1990 - 2008) \nIn recognition for her work in Parliament and women's affairs. (1999 - 1999) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2003 - 2003) \nMinisterial Advisory Committee to Minister for Women's Affairs (Victoria) (1999 - 2002) \nVictoria Women's Council (1991 - 1999)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gracia-baylor-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-liberal-party-of-australia-federal-womens-committee-history-and-achievements-1945-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-young-mother-from-healesville-breaks-political-barriers\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ncwa-papers-1984-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-gracia-baylor-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-young-mother-from-healesville-breaks-political-barriers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wilson, Janet Tindale Calder", "Entry ID": "AWE1231", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilson-janet-tindale-calder\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Scotland", "Death Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Jan Wilson's political experience encompassed both local and state politics. She served as the member for Dandenong North in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian parliament from 1985 until her retirement in 1999, and was a City of Dandenong Councillor from 1978-86.\n", "Details": "Educated at Graeme High School, Falkirk, Scotland, Jan Wilson worked as secretary to the member of the House of Representatives in the Australian parliament for Holt from 1972-75, was executive officer for the Westernport Regional Council from 1975-76 and state organiser for the Australian Labor Party from 1978-85 before entering parliament.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2017 - 2017)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-prepared-by-direction-of-the-president-of-the-legislative-council-and-the-speaker-of-the-legislative-assembly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champion-of-her-community-and-of-a-rejuvenated-dish-lickers-industry\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dyer, Mollie", "Entry ID": "AWE1246", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dyer-mollie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Barmah, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare worker, Community worker", "Summary": "Mollie Dyer, of Yorta Yorta descent, was instrumental in establishing the Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency (VACCA) in 1977, and became its first Program Director. She fostered 20 children from Aboriginal communities in Victoria, as well as having six of her own. She advocated for the adoption legislation in Victoria to prevent Aboriginal families unnecessarily surrendering their children and was involved with the establishment of the Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care (SNAICC) in the early 1980s.\nDyer received an Advance Australia medal and was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1979 for 'her outstanding contribution to the advancement and enrichment of Australia, its people and its way of life'.\nMollie Dyer died in 1998 after a long illness.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-black-grapevine-aboriginal-activism-and-the-stolen-generations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-children-back-to-origins\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burns-family-portraits\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/life-stories-of-elderly-aboriginal-people-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/early-scenes-from-roseby-park-and-brewarrina\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hopman, Eleanor", "Entry ID": "AWE2214", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hopman-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Coogee, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sports administrator, Tennis player", "Summary": "Born Eleanor Hall, Hopman was born at Coogee, New South Wales, and educated at Claremont College, Randwick. As a student she excelled at tennis and music, obtaining her licentiate and teaching diploma at the Royal College of Music, London, but ultimately chose a tennis career. In 1930, Harry Hopman spotted Eleanor and partnered her in the Australian senior mixed doubles, which they won. That year and in 1933, she also won the women's doubles title.\nEleanor and Harry were married in March 1934. The pair moved to Melbourne and Eleanor became captain of the Victorian interstate team. In 1935, they reached the mixed doubles finals for Wimbledon. In 1936 and 1937 they won the Australian mixed doubles. Eleanor won the Victorian singles in 1938, and the South Australian singles the following year, raising her national ranking to equal first with Emily Westacott.\nAt the end of her playing career, Eleanor Hopman became a tennis administrator, elected as the first woman councillor of the Lawn Tennis Association of Victoria in 1947. In 1950 she managed Victoria's Wilson Cup team.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hopman-eleanor-mary-1909-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Richardson, Fiona Catherine Alison", "Entry ID": "AWE2728", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-fiona-catherine-alison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dar es Salaam, Tanzania", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Fiona Richardson was an Australian politician, who joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in 1991. She was elected Member of the Legislative Assembly for Northcote in the Parliament of Victoria in November 2006, was re-elected in November 2010 and again in November 2014. She served as Minister for Women and Minister for Prevention of Family Violence in the Labor Government after they were elected in November 2014. She oversaw the establishment of the Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence in 2015, which tabled its report to Parliament in 2016.\nRichardson passed away at the far too young age of 50, from breast cancer.\n", "Details": "Fiona Richardson migrated to Australia with her parents and two brothers in 1969. She completed a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) degree at the University of Melbourne, majoring in Politics and Psychology. Richardson worked at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital before travelling to the United Kingdom. She returned to Australia in 1994 when she began work for the VACC, advocating on behalf of service station operators.\nFrom 1996 Richardson worked as an Electorate Officer for Mary Gillett, Julia Gillard, Gareth Evans, Martin Ferguson and Stephen Conroy. She was elected MLA for Northcote in late 2006, and became Parliamentary Secretary for Education.\nRichardson served the Victorian people as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for Northcote for eleven years (2006-2017). Her important contributions to the status of women in Victoria cannot be underestimated. She oversaw the establishment of the Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence in 2015, which tabled its report to Parliament in 2016.\nOn 25 June 2013, it was announced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. She went into remission and returned to parliament.\nOn 7 August 2017, Richardson announced she was taking medical leave from parliament.[9] On 22 August, she said she would be extending her leave after being diagnosed with several tumours and would retire at the next election,[10] but she died the next day, 23 August 2017, aged 50.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bower, Helen Rosalie (Ros)", "Entry ID": "AWE2752", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bower-helen-rosalie-ros\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Consultant, Journalist, Print journalist, Television Journalist", "Summary": "Freelance journalist Ros Bower wrote for the Sun, the Argus, and Woman's Day. She worked in television production and was employed as a consultant by the Australian Council for the Arts.\n", "Details": "Ros Bower worked as a cadet reporter for the Sun newspaper before moving to Melbourne to take up a position as journalist for the Australian Red Cross Society, and from 1948, the Argus. She worked as a freelance journalist in London in 1955 before returning to Melbourne, where she wrote for Woman's Day. She produced HSV-7's television panel show, Tell the Truth, in the decade from 1957.\nFrom 1969, Bower was employed by the Australian Council for the Arts, where she drafted papers on education and the arts. In 1970 she published a paper in her own right, entitled Women in Australian Society, which contributed to debates around equal pay and equal opportunity for women. In the early 1970s, Bower assisted with the establishment of the community arts and regional development committee of the Australia Council. The committee became the community arts board in 1978, with Bower as its first director.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1945 - 1970)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bower-helen-rosalie-ros-1923-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fortune, Mary Helena", "Entry ID": "AWE2873", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fortune-mary-helena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Belfast, Antrim, Ireland", "Death Place": "Windsor Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Writer", "Summary": "For over fifty years from the 1850s, Mary Fortune worked as a journalist and author of serialised fiction. The vast majority of her work was published in the popular magazine, the Australian Journal, under the pseudonym of 'W.W.' or 'Waif Wander'. Fortune's particular interest was in writing crime stories, and, over the course of her writing career, she produced no less than 500. According to New Zealand-born writer and academic Lucy Sussex, no other woman, with the exception of the American Anna Katharine Green, wrote so much crime fiction in the nineteenth century. What is more, Fortune was the first woman to write crime fiction centred on the detective as 'the narrator and hero of her stories': 'In this aspect, as in many others such as her realism, her reliance on police procedures and almost forensic depiction of violence, she anticipates much of the later crime fiction produced in the nineteenth century'.\n", "Details": "Mary Fortune was born Mary Helena Wilson in Belfast, Ireland, the daughter of Scots-Irish Protestant parents, civil engineer George Wilson and his wife Eleanor (nee Atkinson). Eleanor Wilson died in Mary's infancy, and father and daughter immigrated to Montreal, Canada. As a teenager, Mary married surveyor Joseph Fortune, and gave birth to a son - Joseph George, or 'Georgie' - in 1852. In 1855, Mary's father George Wilson left Canada for the goldfields of Australia. She followed him shortly afterward, arriving in Melbourne with her young son on the Briseis on 3 October 1855. Passenger lists show no record of her husband travelling with or after her, and Joseph Fortune died in Canada in 1861. Nonetheless, when Mary gave birth to a second son in Australia in November 1856, she registered his father's name as Joseph Fortune.\nMary joined her father - then working as a store-keeper - on the goldfields of Kangaroo Flat, and moved with the tide of hopeful diggers to Buninyong, Chinaman's Flat and Inkerman. On leaving Canada, she had been commissioned to write a series of articles on the goldfields for The Ladies' Companion magazine, but she soon abandoned the idea as economically unviable: 'Who would write pages at fifteen shillings', she asked, 'when one paid nine shillings per day for milk, and for a \"woman's\" magazine, too! Nay, there was nothing of the namby-pamby elegance of ladies' literature in our stirring, hardy, and eventful life on the early goldfields'. Instead, Fortune published sketches in the Buninyong Advertiser and poetry in the regional goldfields paper, The Mount Alexander Mail, under the acronym 'M.H.F.' Her work impressed the editor of the Mail sufficiently for him to offer Fortune a job as reporter and sub-editor, but he retracted the offer upon discovering her gender.\nIn January 1858, Fortune's son Georgie died, most probably from viral meningitis caused by poor living conditions on the goldfields. In October that same year, she married Percy Rollo Brett, a mounted police constable. The marriage was a failure and Brett moved to New South Wales, where in 1866 he married (apparently without obtaining a divorce) Mary Ann Leek, but his occupation triggered Fortune's switch to crime writing. Already she had been sending poetry and short romance fiction to the Australian Journal from her home in Jericho (later Wehla), a gold-crushing settlement in the Avoca district of Victoria. Now forced to provide for herself and her young son, she moved to the township of Oxley and began writing in earnest, producing a number of serialised novels for the Australian Journal in 1866: Bertha's Legacy, Dora Carleton, The Secrets of Balbrooke and Clyzia the Dwarf. This last can best be regarded, says Sussex, as 'a late and extreme flowering of the Gothic, with Clyzia a deformed witch-gypsy, possessed of a snake necklace which on command comes alive and bites her victims'. It was a departure from Fortune's usual style - the first novel centres on a defrauded heir; the second on a heroine whose raffish husband redeems himself by catching a bushranger - and by 1867 she had settled firmly into crime writing. Her detective stories were 'realistic, gritty, and considerably removed from the excesses of \"Clyzia\".' Increasingly they centred on the character of detective Mark Sinclair, who became the narrator of the longest-running series in early crime fiction. The Detective's Album, 'a collection of mug-shots' whose stories were compiled and recounted by Sinclair, ran for forty years. In 1871, seven of the stories were published as a book, also called The Detective's Album.\nIn 1868, Fortune moved to Melbourne and branched into journalism for the Australian Journal. Her trip from Oxley to Melbourne in a carrier's wagon (she paid \u00a33 for the privilege) was the basis of her article, 'Fourteen Days on the Roads', published in November of that year. Fortune wrote with a light and humorous style. The trip, she confessed to her readers, had taken eleven days, but fourteen sounded better for the article. She described her conditions:\nTake three coils of heavy rope, a broken box of Epps' cocoa, two brass-knobbed trunks of unequal height, one butter-keg and a patent churn. Having procured these articles, carry them one hundred and fifty miles in a carrier's wagon, at every township requiring something to deliver which happens to be directly at the bottom of the wagon. When all this has been accomplished, and you have delivered all the articles save those enumerated, take the remainder as a resting place for your mattress, and you will have some idea of the comfort I enjoyed on my first night on the roads.\nA second article, published January 1869, was 'Down Bourke Street'. Here Fortune brought to life the sights and sounds and smells of Bourke Street, Melbourne, on a Saturday night. There were confectioners with their treats, fruiterers, jewellers' window displays, drapers, pie-sellers, and bonnet shops brimming with lace, ribbon, flowers and feathers. The street was a feast for the senses, and flooded with light: 'Stretching away down in brilliant star-like rows, and sweeping up the distant acclivity where Bourke Street West leaves the noble Post Office behind\u2026 those brilliant lamps stand like dusky soldiers with radiant helmets guarding the wide thoroughfare, and the wealth-full emporiums that line its sides'. Fortune had a talent for character description, and a keen eye for the peculiar modes of conversation and mannerisms of various social groups: 'I wish I could write down some resemblance to that so frequently heard sniff of disdain which cannot be written', she said, 'I should take out a patent for it'.\nIn the early 1880s, Fortune dug out the notes she had taken all those years ago on the goldfields for the Ladies' Companion articles that were never written. With these she produced a memoir, Twenty-Six Years Ago; or, the Diggings from '55, later reprinted by Sussex as The Fortunes of Mary Fortune. It was a detailed account of her first years in the colony: 'a blending of genres, part travelogue, part fictionalised\u2026 memoir, and part crime melodrama'. Fortune's foray into journalism was sporadic - she published approximately 17 articles over eight years - and in the last twenty years of her writing life she produced only short fiction. Her career was brought to an end by failing eyesight. Fortune suffered from alcoholism, her second son was a habitual criminal, and she never stopped struggling for financial survival. Despite her prolific output, she remained anonymous to her readers: not until the 1950s was the name behind the pseudonyms revealed by book collector J.K. Moir. The Australian Journal provided Fortune with an annuity in the last year of her life, and, upon her death, paid for her burial - but in another person's grave. Where and when she died remains unknown.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1850 - 1900)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fortune-mary-helena-1833-1911\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-fortunes-of-mary-fortune\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-helena-fortune-waif-wander-w-w-c-1833-1910-a-bibliography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coee-and-other-poems\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-detectives-album-tales-of-the-australian-police\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murphy, Agnes G.", "Entry ID": "AWE2887", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murphy-agnes-g\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ireland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Agnes G. Murphy was a journalist and one of the founders of the Austral Salon of Music, Literature and the Arts in Melbourne, Victoria, an organisation founded in 1890 by a small group of women journalists as a club for women writers. It developed into a club for artistic and intellectual women interested in any of the fine arts and provided an important entr\u00e9e for many aspiring women musicians. Murphy was also social editor of Melbourne Punch for some time during the 1890s.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1890 - 1900)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Osborn, Betty Olive", "Entry ID": "AWE3121", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osborn-betty-olive\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Maryborough, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian, Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "An accomplished journalist and local historian, Betty Osborn (then Betty Roberts) was known as the 'girl reporter' of the Argus newspaper in the 1950s.\n", "Details": "In 1951, a young Betty Roberts took herself to the Argus offices to enquire about a career in journalism. She was advised to complete her matriculation at University High School, keep up her typing and short-hand, and return the following year. Betty began work as a secretary for the Weekend Magazine at the Argus in 1952, and noted that - unusually - men and women journalists were being paid equally. That year, she wrote a report for the paper on the itinerants living at Melbourne's Dudley Flats (now the exclusive Docklands development site), who survived by scavenging from the tip. She took photographs for the feature herself, using her mother's box brownie camera.\nFeeling there was little prospect for a career in journalism, Betty enrolled to do a Bachelor of Laws at the University of Melbourne, but on the eve of her first week as a law clerk was offered a cadetship with the social pages of the Argus. She accepted, but continued at the university as a part-time Arts student. She remembers, on returning to the Argus: 'Virginia Gerrett, of Sydney, was in charge of the Social pages\u2026 She had replaced Gladys Hain much to the consternation of all the women journalists who considered Freda Irving as the heir apparent. Freda cooled her heels briefly on the Weekend Magazine where her deep voice would often have telephone callers referring to her as \"Peter Irving\". This greatly appealed to her sense of humour.'\nUnder Freda Irving, Betty worked with Kath Coyne, Grace Hutchinson, Cynthia Strachan, Elaine Young and Julie Sparrow. In addition to the usual social pages fare, Irving encouraged her young proteges to investigate stories of importance to women, and to write detailed profiles of women in the news. The cadets were expected to look the part, with hats, gloves, and appropriate evening wear when necessary. In 1955, Betty Roberts won the Australian Journalists' Association's Montague Grover Prize for cadet journalists. She was soon transferred to the general staff:\nFor a start I didn't have to worry about hats and gloves any more. Ellie Knox, the Town Hall roundswoman, and I were the only women in a sea of men, young and old. The newsroom was a vast open space with the day chief of staff Laurie Kerr's office at one end, an array of reporters' desks in the middle and the subs tables at the northern end where a door led to the printery. Once opened, the noise of the old linotype machines could be heard clattering away and in the distance the compositors could be glimpsed, quietly going about arranging their leaden trays of type. How close we all were, journalists and printers, bringing out the news of the world to the people of Melbourne.\nBetty was assigned to cover nearly every session of the Legislative Assembly as a gallery reporter in 1956 - 'competition was fierce and I can remember being absolutely appalled when I came upon the Sun political roundsman rifling through Lance [Loader]'s papers one day' - and made the most of the parliamentary library for her studies. She remembers: 'There was not one woman in the Victorian Legislative Assembly that year and the only woman I recall coming into the press gallery was Rose Kinson from the Sun'. Outside of parliament, Betty was given a number of reporting tasks, including coverage of a Coroner's Court case in which Frank Galbally was representing an Italian man whose wife had been stabbed to death.\nTo her delight, Betty Roberts was assigned to cover the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne. She spent a great deal of time at the Olympic Village in Heidelberg, chasing up stories on famous (and infamous) international athletes. Just six weeks after the closing day of the Games, the Argus folded. Betty wrote for the Sun, but the Argus was the paper she truly loved. She returned to full time study at the University of Melbourne.\nAfter marrying Bruce Osborn, Betty moved to Bacchus Marsh, Victoria. Here began her abiding interest in local history. By 1971 she had published A History of Holy Trinity, Bacchus Marsh (republished 1977). In 1973, she published The Bacchus Story: A History of Captain W.H. Bacchus and his Son. That same year, the Osborns moved to Maryborough with their four children: Robyn, Diana, Cathy and Philip. Betty became a member of the Midlands Historical Society, and for three years she edited the Wimmera-Mallee edition of the Country Bulletin. She was also a columnist for the Maryborough Advertiser. With local resident Trenear DuBourg, Betty was commissioned by the Maryborough City Council to produce a history of the region, and in 1985 they published Maryborough: A Social History 1854-1904. Ten years later Osborn completed its sequel, Against the Odds: Maryborough 1905-1961, again by commission from what had then become the Central Goldfields Shire Council.\nBetty Osborn was a life member of the Bacchus Marsh and District Historical Society, and a member of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1952 - 1980) \nCareer in journalism active (1952 - 1980)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maryborough-a-social-history-1854-1904\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/against-the-odds-maryborough-1905-1961\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Booth, Angela Elizabeth Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE3125", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/booth-angela-elizabeth-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Liverpool, Lancashire, England", "Death Place": "Sandringham, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Local government councillor, Political candidate", "Summary": "Angela Booth served in local government while she attempted to gain a seat in the Victorian state parliament. She served as councillor for the Warrandyte Riding of the Doncaster and Templestowe shire from 1926-33. In 1927 she unsuccessfully sought Nationalist endorsement for state parliament before standing in 1929 as an Independent Nationalist candidate for the Legislative Assembly seat of Brighton in the Victorian state election.\nIn 1936 she and her husband James, were founding members of the Eugenics Society of Victoria. She served as its vice president.\n", "Details": "Angela Booth was born in Liverpool, England and migrated to Australia in 1896. In 1897 she married James Booth, a medical practitioner and divorcee, at St Andrew's Anglican Cathedral, Sydney.\nIn 1901 they moved to Broken Hill. While she was there she joined the Women's Political Association, emphasising the need for women to participate in political life. She remained a member until 1915, when she resigned over its pacifist stance in World War 1. She was also a member of the Liberal Education Society.\nBefore the outbreak of World War 1, the Booths settled in Melbourne where Angela became active in conservative politics, She was president of the National Federation and a prominent member of the Australian Women's National League.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/angela-booth-the-importance-of-being-well-bred\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/booth-angela-elizabeth-josephine-1869-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Allan, Stella", "Entry ID": "AWE3658", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allan-stella\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kaiapoi, South Island, New Zealand", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community advocate, Journalist, Print journalist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Born and educated in New Zealand, Stella Allan came to Australia in 1903 when her husband was invited to join the staff of the Melbourne Argus. An intelligent, well spoken woman with a keen interest in women's affairs, she was a very important figure in the establishment and management of a number of women's organisations.\nIn 1907 the Argus commissioned her to write a series of articles on the first Australian Women's Work Exhibition held in October. They aroused much interest and next year the Argus invited her to join its full-time staff and begin a weekly section on the particular interests of women. She adopted the nom de plume 'Vesta' and called the column 'Women to Women'. Her work was unique in an Australian daily paper at that time. Her pages extended to cover every aspect of women's affairs, children's interests and community welfare, and 'Vesta' became a household word for authoritative information and advice on such matters. In 1910 she was one of three women foundation members of the Australian Journalists' Association.\n", "Details": "After arriving In Melbourne the Allans soon joined a large group of stimulating intellectuals. Alfred Deakin and his wife Pattie were close friends and the two women had a mutual interest in social welfare and women's affairs. Stella Allan continued writing for newspapers and joined the Women Writers' Club, succeeding Ada Cambridge as president. In 1912 she was a foundation member and later president of the Lyceum Club.\nShe was an original committee-member of the Victorian Association of Cr\u00e8ches and of the Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria, and had much to do with the early days of the Victorian Bush Nursing Association, the Baby Health Centres Association and the Queen Victoria Hospital. She was a member of the National Council of Women, first in New Zealand and then in Melbourne, and of the Country Women's Association from its inception.\nA meeting held in the Melbourne Town Hall in 1938 by representatives of all the main Victorian women's organizations paid special tribute to her work and influence.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1890 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allan-stella-may-1871-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-stella-may-allan-1907-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baynton, Barbara", "Entry ID": "AWE3664", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baynton-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Scone, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Writer", "Summary": "Barbara Baynton was one of the first Australian short story writers to receive literary recognition abroad. She drew inspiration from her early existence in the harsh Australian bush.\nBaynton published Bush Studies in 1902; Human Toll in 1907; and Cobbers in 1917.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baynton-barbara-jane-1857-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-barbara-baynton-1907-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davy, Ruby", "Entry ID": "AWE3680", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davy-ruby\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Salisbury, South Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Composer", "Summary": "Ruby Davy was the first Australian woman to receive a doctorate in music and to become a fellow of Trinity College of Music, London. Among her many compositions was Australia, Fair and Free, performed in Melbourne and Adelaide in 1934. With Issy Spivakovsky, she established the Davy Conservatorium of Music in her home at South Yarra.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davy-ruby-claudia-emily-1883-1949\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dawbin, Annie Maria Baxter", "Entry ID": "AWE3681", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dawbin-annie-maria-baxter\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Exeter, Devonshire, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Diarist", "Summary": "The journal of Annie Dawbin opens in September 1834 when its author, then a 17-year-old bride, is voyaging to Australia with her new husband, Lieutenant Andrew Baxter. Over the course of her life - during which she had two marriages; worked on the land; voyaged to and from Australia several times; and raised her brother's children after the death of his wife - Dawbin filled no less than 32 journals. Her complete diaries were edited by Lucy Frost and published in 1997.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-place-for-a-nervous-lady\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memories-of-the-past-by-a-lady-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memories-of-tasmania-and-of-the-macleay-river-and-new-england-districts-of-new-south-wales-and-of-port-fairy-in-the-western-district-of-port-phillip-1834-1848\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-face-in-the-glass-the-journal-and-life-of-annie-baxter-dawbin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-journal-of-annie-baxter-dawbin-july-1858-may-1868\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dawbin-annie-maria-1816-1915\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dugdale, Henrietta Augusta", "Entry ID": "AWE3683", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dugdale-henrietta-augusta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Point Lonsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist", "Summary": "Henrietta Dugdale was a pioneer of the women's movement and a firm believer in equality of the sexes. She was a member of the Eclectic Society and the Australasian Secular Association, and president of the first Victorian Women's Suffrage Society. Her booklet, A Few Hours in a Far Off Age, was published in 1883 and dedicated to George Higinbotham.\nAfter the death of her first husband, Henrietta married William Dugdale and had three children. Her third marriage was to Frederick Johnson, about 1905.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-few-hours-in-a-far-off-age\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rebels-and-radicals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/they-are-but-women-the-road-to-female-suffrage-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dugdale-henrietta-augusta-harriet-1826-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Forlong, Eliza", "Entry ID": "AWE3689", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forlong-eliza\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Scotland", "Death Place": "Euroa, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Pastoralist", "Summary": "After searching out the best merino flocks in Germany, Eliza Forlong travelled with her husband and two sons to Launceston, arriving in 1831. Eliza managed their property, 'Kenilworth', while her husband maintained business interests in a nearby flour mill and sheep run. After the death of her husband, Eliza moved to Port Phillip and lived with her son William at his station, Seven Creeks, in Euroa.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henrys, Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE3700", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henrys-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "County Sligo, Ireland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Convict", "Summary": "Catherine Henrys was sentenced to transportation for life and arrived in Hobart on the Arab on 25 April 1836. In 1841 she broke free from assigned service and lived in the bush dressed as a man and working as a timber splitter. Upon re-conviction in 1848, she escaped from the female factory but was recaptured. She was granted a conditional pardon in 1850. Various of her exploits were outlined in The Launceston Examiner.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Litchfield, Jessie Sinclair", "Entry ID": "AWE3711", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/litchfield-jessie-sinclair\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ashfield, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Richmond Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist", "Summary": "Moving around parts of the Northern Territory while her husband worked in the diamond mines, Jessie Litchfield raised her family and worked as a journalist. She published Far North Memories in 1930. After the death of her husband, she worked as editor of the Northern Territory Times and Government Gazette. In 1955 she became the first woman in the Territory to be appointed a justice of the peace.\n", "Details": "It is said that a letter Jessie Litchfield wrote in 1909, which somehow ended up in John Flynn's hands, was instrumental to his involvement in the Australian Inland Mission. Had he not seen it, might well have become 'Flynn of Korea' rather than 'Flynn of the Inland' once he had completed his training to become a Presbyterian minister.\nLitchfield's letter pleaded for the Presbyterian Church to send a married, male Presbyterian missionary to the Northern Territory, so that he and his wife might start to 'civilise' it. Her greatest concern was the extent of informal and abusive interracial relationships that had been established between indigenous women and non-indigenous men, but she was also concerned about the impact of drink and drugs on public health. The place needed a missionary 'to teach the people right from wrong'.\nFlynn used the letter to encourage women he knew in Melbourne to support initiatives to help women in remote, inland regions. The initiatives were, of course, highly racialised.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/litchfield-jessie-sinclair-1883-1956\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flynns-outback-angels-casting-the-mantle-1901-to-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-litchfield-grand-old-lady-of-the-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/far-north-memories-being-the-account-of-ten-years-spent-on-the-diamond-drills-and-of-things-that-happened-in-those-days\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ntrs-3169-copies-of-historical-notes-relating-to-the-northern-territory\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Meredith, Louisa Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE3729", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meredith-louisa-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Birmingham, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Collingwood, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Author, Botanical collector", "Summary": "Louisa Meredith sailed for Sydney with her husband Charles in 1839. A keen naturalist, she collected plant, insect and seaweed specimens in Tasmania and was a member of the Tasmania Royal Society. She published several volumes of poetry as well as her accounts of colonial life, and often illustrated these works herself.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meredith-louisa-ann-1812-1895\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meredith-louisa-ann-1812-1895-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Webster, Eliza Martha", "Entry ID": "AWE3761", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webster-eliza-martha\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, England", "Death Place": "St Kilda Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Preacher, Suffragist", "Summary": "Martha Webster came to Australia to assist her brother, Henry Gyles Turner, in his role as a leading member of the Melbourne Unitarian Church. She was herself elected a regular minister in October 1873. In May 1884, Webster was present at the meeting which resolved to form the Victorian Women's Suffrage Society, and she became active in the Australian Women's Suffrage Society in later years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Penfold, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE3770", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/penfold-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "England", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Winemaker", "Summary": "Mary Penfold founded and ran the business that became Penfolds Wines in South Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sutherland, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE3772", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutherland-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New York, United States", "Death Place": "Kew Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Teacher", "Summary": "Jane Sutherland arrived in Sydney with her family in 1864. She studied at the National Gallery School of Design, and held a number of exhibitions from 1878. Sutherland was a leader in the movement away from the nineteenth-century tradition of studio art, and toward the plein-air style, sketching directly from nature.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutherland-jane-1853-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-suffrage-petition-1891\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bateman, Janice Gwendoline", "Entry ID": "AWE3849", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bateman-janice-gwendoline\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Drouin, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Political candidate", "Summary": "Janice Bateman served as a councillor for the City of Berwick, Victoria from 1971-84 and was its first woman mayor from 1980-81. In an attempt to move into the state parliament, she stood as a candidate for the Australian Democrats Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Dandenong at the Victorian state election, which was held on 5 May 1979. She was a candidate for the Liberal Party in the Legislative Council Province of Eumemmering at the 1988 election.\nShe made a constructive contribution to the Australian Local Government Women's Association in her capacity as president of the Victorian branch from 1975-77 and as national president from 1976-78. In 1985 she was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for services to the community and to local government.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliament-and-local-government-an-updated-history-1975-1992\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stewart, Anna", "Entry ID": "AWE3852", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stewart-anna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Political candidate, Trade union official", "Summary": "Anna Stewart, as Industrial Advocate for the Federated Furnishing Trades Society, successfully led the first Australian blue collar union campaign for maternity leave award provisions in 1975. She was a founding member of the Australian Council of Trade Unions Women's Committee from 1977, representing the Vehicle Builders Employees' Federation and then the Municipal Officers' Association from 1982, and contributing to the ACTU's Working Women's Charter and the Maternity Leave Test Case. She also stood as a candidate for the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Frankston at the Victorian state election, which was held on 5 May 1979.\n", "Details": "Anna Stewart was born in Adelaide and completed her schooling at St Margaret's Grammar School in Berwick, Victoria. After initially working as a journalist for the Nation Review, The Sun and The Age in Melbourne and in London, she moved into research and advocacy in the trade union movement in the early 1970s.\nAs Industrial Advocate for the Federated Furnishing Trades Society, she successfully led the first Australian blue collar union campaign for maternity leave award provisions in 1975, while pregnant with her third child. She then became the Federal Research Officer for the Vehicle Builders Employees' Federation of Australia and in this capacity contributed to the draft ACTU Working Women's Charter. In a submission to the ACTU Secretary she argued against recognising child care as only a women's issue and warned against simply recognising the status quo rather than effecting real change for working women. She argued that 'a woman's charter is to no avail if it is: drawn up entirely by men, restricted to child care and maternity leave [and] excludes the right of men to a non-sexist education and employment'. At the Vehicle Builders Employees' Federation she also fought for child care facilities in car plants, researched work value cases and initiated a campaign against sexual harassment, adding the right to work free of sexual harassment to the union's log of claims and forcing employers to recognise it as an industrial issue.\nShe was a founding member of the Australian Council of Trade Unions Women's Committee from 1977, representing the Vehicle Builders Employees' Federation and then the Municipal Officers' Association from 1982. She assisted with the ACTU's Maternity Leave Test Case before the Arbitration Commission in 1979 which resulted in working women being granted the right to up to 52 weeks unpaid maternity leave and the right to return to their job after leave. As the Senior Federal Industrial Officer at the Municipal Officers' Association, Stewart set up women's committees in most State branches of the union and developed strong policies in relation to women workers, particularly in the area of sexual harassment. She also developed an affirmative action policy which the MOA adopted in 1983.\nStewart also stood as a candidate for the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Frankston at the Victorian state election, which was held in May 1979, achieving 42.8% of the vote and a 5.5% swing in a conservative seat.\nAfter her death in 1983, the Anna Stewart Memorial Project was set up to recognise her achievements and to carry on her work in encouraging and training women in the union movement. In 2024 the project celebrated its 40th anniversary. In 2001 Stewart was posthumously inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/work-family-and-the-law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40th-anniversary-of-the-anna-stewart-memorial-project\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-council-of-trade-unions\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Daley, Jane (Jean)", "Entry ID": "AWE3954", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daley-jane-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mount Gambier, South Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Political candidate", "Summary": "Jean Daley was the first woman in Victoria to stand for Federal parliament as an endorsed Labor candidate when she stood for the seat of Kooyong in 1922. As woman organiser for the Australian Labor Party, she established the Labor Women's Interstate Executive in 1929.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Robert Dennis Daley, an early member of the Amalgamated Shearers' Union, and Julia Ann (n\u00e9e Scott), Jean Daley was raised as a Catholic and educated at Mount Gambier, Adelaide and Portland. From 1909, she was living in Melbourne, where she became actively involved in Labor politics.\nA member of the Women's Organizing Committee of the Political Labor Council of Victoria until it was disbanded in 1914, Daley became first president of the group when it re-formed in 1918. She held the position for two years, during which time she wrote 'We Women' in the publication Labor Call. Daley was also a delegate to the Trades Hall Council for the Hotel and Caterers' Union, an early member of the Militant Propaganda League, and an executive member of the Victorian Socialist Party and the Women's Socialist League. In 1917 Daley was vice-president of the Labor Women's Campaign Committee which opposed Vida Goldstein as the candidate for the Federal seat of Kooyong.\nIn her political campaigns, Daley was concerned principally with the cost of living, conscription, and the consumption of alcohol. In 1921, the Union Record published a series of articles by her on the fight against conscription. That same year, Daley was elected Victorian delegate to the federal conference of the Australian Labor Party, and, with Mary Rogers and Muriel Heagney, she called a conference of female delegates from all unions with women members. She was subsequently elected to the central executive of the ALP. In 1922, Daley became the first woman in Victoria to stand for Federal parliament as an endorsed Labor candidate when she stood for the seat of Kooyong, though she was defeated. As woman organiser for the ALP in Victoria, Daley established the Labor Women's Interstate Executive in 1929 and served as secretary until 1947. Ill-health forced her retirement and she died of liver disease at the Alfred Hospital.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daley-jane-jean-1881-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Austin, Elizabeth Phillips", "Entry ID": "AWE3970", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austin-elizabeth-phillips\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Somerset, England", "Death Place": "Winchelsea, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pastoralist, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Elizabeth Austin was the benefactor of Melbourne's Austin Hospital, and 'a pioneer of female benefaction in Victoria'.\n", "Details": "Elizabeth was the fourth daughter of Robert Harding, a yeoman farmer, and his wife Mary (n\u00e9e Phillips). She sailed for Australia in 1841 with her brother William, who settled in Winchelsea. In 1945 Elizabeth married her neighbour, Thomas Austin, in Melbourne. She had eleven children, three of whom died in infancy. The Austin's lived at Barwon Park, where they entertained the Duke of Edinburgh in 1867. Embarrassed by their 'undistinguished homestead', Elizabeth persuaded her husband to build a new home, and a bluestone mansion was completed by 1871. Thomas Austin passed away shortly afterwards.\nAccording to historian Paul de Serville, Elizabeth Austin - described by grandchildren as a 'shrewd, determined woman' - had 'quietly begun a second career, as a philanthropist' by 1880. She responded to an appeal to found a hospital for incurables in Melbourne, offering \u00a36,000 (via an intermediary) to launch it. Reputedly, her interest in incurable disease 'derived from a case among her staff'. On her birthday in 1882, the Austin Hospital for Incurables was opened. She continued to give money for maintenance, and paid for the establishment of a children's ward in 1898. Austin visited the hospital once a month, and three of her granddaughters served on its committee until the 1960s.\nAnother major philanthropic gift went to the Austin Homes for Women at South Geelong, built as part of the Jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria in 1887. Austin also gave to the Servants' Training Institute, St Thomas's Church (Winchelsea), the Ladies' Benevolent Society and local charities. She was buried in the Geelong cemetery with Anglican rites.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austin-elizabeth-phillips-1821-1911\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perhaps-to-spite-her-children-the-philanthropy-of-elizabeth-austin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gibb, Phyllis Annie Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE3991", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gibb-phyllis-annie-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Phyllis Gibb was the first teacher at the School of the Air in Broken Hill, New South Wales.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Charles W.J. Scurr and Ann Graham, Phyllis was educated at the Fort Street Girls' High School in Sydney and graduated from Teachers' College. She taught at the Child Welfare Department Homes in Glebe, Sydney, before marrying Malcolm Gibb, a Presbyterian minister, in 1935. The Gibbs lived at Moree and Cessnock before moving to Broken Hill. After some time conducting a popular Radio Sunday School on 2BH, Phyllis was appointed first principal of the Broken Hill School of the Air when it opened on 23 February 1956. Using transceiver sets, over 80 students tuned in from remote areas covering 700 square miles. On-air classes took place twice a day, three days a week and lessons in music, drama and speech were offered in addition to the regular school subjects. Phyllis Gibb continued her work until 1964, when she retired to Melbourne after forty years of teaching.\nPhyllis Gibb was awarded the MBE in 1963 for services to education. She was survived by her daughter Jeanie.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/school-of-the-air-initiated\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/educational-air-waves\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/school-of-the-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/classrooms-a-world-apart-the-story-of-the-founding-of-the-broken-hill-school-of-the-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gibb-phyllis\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carmichael, Beryl", "Entry ID": "AWE4067", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmichael-beryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Menindee, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal storyteller, Heritage consultant", "Summary": "Beryl Carmichael was an elder of the Ngiyaempaa people and served on the National Parks and Wildlife Advisory Council, the Western Lands Advisory Council, and the New South Wales Reconciliation Council. She lived in Menindee in far western New South Wales.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Jack Kelly and Louisa Kelly (nee Briggs), Beryl was born at the old Menindee Mission in New South Wales. She was educated with Western lesson plans at the mission school but from an early age sought an education in the traditions of her people, the Ngiyaempaa. Beryl's father was 'one of the main men who went through the [traditional] law in 1913 and 1914' and there was old Ellen Burke, a singer of songs, who still had the knowledge of her people. Thirsty for knowledge, Beryl would be taken out over the desert sand dunes with the other children to hunt for goannas and echidnas, or to collect grubs from the trees to use on their fishing lines back at the river. Her mother was often called upon in the mission community as a midwife and an interpreter between mission managers and older Aboriginal folk and Beryl learnt from her the various healing ointments and songs. From her parents she also learnt tracking skills, and would habitually be sent out with her brother to fetch a rabbit for breakfast before school. When Beryl asked an uncle, a singer of songs, 'Who are we? Where do we come from?', he replied, 'We come from emu country, the butt end of the emu, this is our country'. Beryl explains: 'That stuck with me, all the time I'm growing up. [Later I was given] a map of the emu country. The butt end goes around Mungo and the backbone is along the Barrier Ranges, his rib along the border to Queensland and cross over near Brewarrina where the fish traps are. This old lady gave me this book and said \"Beryl, I'd like you to have this because it's about your people\", and I found that map. I've been carrying it with me ever since because it just confirmed what that old singer of songs told me'.\nThe Menindee Mission was closed in 1949 when Beryl was about 14 years old, and she went to work on a series of properties around Menindee. She was married in 1953 and had ten children. All were born at the Broken Hill hospital, but the family continued to move from property to property in the Menindee area. Beryl was careful to pass on her knowledge of bush food and bush medicine to all of her children. She began teaching her eldest four by correspondence, but when the load became too much and drought was effecting surrounding properties, the family bought a brick house in town and the children were educated at the Menindee public school.\nIn 1967, Beryl became involved in the public school system herself: 'Our kids were experiencing racism in the schools, coming from the mission', she says, 'and they needed someone in there, a role model. So I went and asked the principal if I could go in and talk to these kids about racism and being different and all this type of thing. He said \"Beryl, if you've got anything to pass onto the kids, you go and do it\".' Beryl's lessons in Aboriginal culture and respect were extremely effective and she continued her work in schools for forty years. In 1975, in the wake of increased government funding for Aboriginal committees, she travelled to Sydney with $15 in her pocket to register the Ngiyaempaa Housing Company on behalf of her community. From 1983, Beryl was running Aboriginal Culture Camps for teachers and students to continue her program of education and consciousness-raising. She remembers, 'I was very shy in the beginning, but I knew that Dad's spirit was behind me, and Mum's'. Having erected a borrowed tent at the old Menindee Mission and taken donations of onions and potatoes to help feed camp attendees, Beryl was surprised to welcome 200 people from surrounding communities. Recreational games, Aboriginal dance and traditional cooking bonded the group: 'I thought, gee this is good, they're hungry for their culture'. The camps continue to this day with school groups, university classes and, more recently, public servants from the Department of Education and Training.\nBeryl's first husband passed away in the early 1980s and she remarried in 1984. At nearly seventy years of age she was asked to join the National Parks and Wildlife Advisory Council and the Western Lands Advisory Council, and she had a strong involvement with the New South Wales Reconciliation Council. For decades of service, Beryl received a swathe of awards including the New South Wales Heritage Award, a meritorious award from the Minister of Education, and a Centenary of Federation award for community service. She recited two traditional stories - about the wagtail and the echidna (Thikapilla) - for Aboriginal Nations' animated production, The Dreaming.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dreaming\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bush-foods-of-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-beryl-carmichael\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Quin, Edith", "Entry ID": "AWE4093", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/quin-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Saint Olave, Southwark, London, England", "Death Place": "Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Grazier, Pioneer", "Summary": "Edith Quin emigrated to Australia from England and, with her husband, was one of the first graziers in the Wilcannia district.\n", "Details": "With her parents and brothers, Edith Quin left England for South Australia in 1853 and settled in Adelaide. There her mother had three more children before Edith's father died in 1860.\nAt the age of eighteen Edith began work as a governess for the family of Mr. J. J. Bonnor, a solicitor living at 'Strathalbyn', 65 kilometres from Adelaide. After five months she moved to Wentworth to teach at the local school. In January 1871, Edith travelled up the Darling River to the budding township of Wilcannia, almost 200 kilometres from Broken Hill. There she was married, and with her new husband she moved in November 1872 to 'Tarella', a pastoral station 80 kilometres north of Wilcannia.\nConditions were very tough at 'Tarella'. The delivery of stores was reliant on river transport and in years of drought, low river levels caused long delays that often lasted months - the longest was two years. The Quins experienced extreme weather conditions including periods of drought, dust storms and floods, as well as plagues of grasshoppers, locusts, rats, mice and rabbits.\nEdith and her husband stayed at 'Tarella' until 1908, and eventually sold the property at the end of 1910 after moving to a farm in the Lysterfield Valley in Victoria. Before she died Edith composed a brief memoir, currently held by the Outback Archives in Broken Hill.\nThis entry was prepared and written by Georgia Moodie.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-to-my-dear-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-edith-quin-wife-of-pioneering-sheep-farmer-during-the-19th-century-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLean, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4106", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mclean-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Suffragist, Teacher, Temperance activist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Margaret McLean, a founding member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria in 1887, became Melbourne's foremost advocate of votes for women.\nAn active and well-known feminist, Margaret McLean was the first person to sign the Women's Suffrage petition. She signed the petition as Mrs. William McLean, possibly to indicate the support of her husband, who was an influential Melbourne businessman.\nDespite receiving little recognition for her feminist activities, Margaret McLean was a strong political force for women's rights in Melbourne throughout her life.\n", "Details": "Born in Ayrshire, Scotland in 1845, Margaret was the eldest child of Andrew Arnot, builder and carpenter, and his wife Agnes. The family migrated to Melbourne in 1849 where her father became treasurer of the Melbourne Total Abstinence Society.\nMargaret became a teacher at the United Methodist Free Church School, Fitzroy in 1859 and as such, was one of the first trained teachers in Melbourne. She attended the Melbourne Training Institution for teachers from 1862-64, and worked as an assistant at Sa range of voluntary work, including visiting gaols, courts, and public houses, spending whole nights in slum areas, endeavouring to assist and protect young women.\nMargaret Arnot married William McLean, a hardware merchant on 10 March 1869 in Fitzroy. They later built and lived in Torloisk, East Melbourne. She was baptised by the Rev. James Taylor at the Collins Street Baptist Church in 1866. Her husband died some years before she did, in 1905.\nMargaret McLean became the founding President of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) of Victoria in 1887. She was the first president of the Melbourne Branch of the WCTU, and was the acting president and president of WCTU Victoria from 1891-1893 and again from 1899-1907. During these twelve years she travelled extensively throughout Victoria working for the WCTU.\nHer pamphlets Womanhood Suffrage (1890) and its sequel More about womanhood suffrage were circulated widely. She was instrumental in organising the Victorian Women's Petition for the franchise, presented to parliament in 1891. The petition had 30,000 signatures, gained over 10 weeks, and Margaret McLean was the first person to sign it.\nIn 1893 the WCTU made a plea for equal pay for women.\nMargaret McLean led a delegation to the Chief Commissioner of Police urging the appointment of women police and facilities for women at lock-ups. This was after learning that about 40 women were arrested each week as a result of protests against the prevalence of 'sweating' and a call for female factory inspectors.\nIn 1900, she was the Australian delegate to the World's WCTU Convention in Edinburgh, Scotland, where she also conducted a service in St Giles' Cathedral.\nIn March 1902, seeking the support of a wider constituency, she moved the resolution which began the National Council of Women in Victoria. This organisation, with the WCTU, pressed for women's suffrage, juvenile courts, police matrons and other reforms, including raising the age of consent.\nShe was appointed honorary life president of the WCTU in 1907 in recognition of her long and distinguished service to the organisation. This decision was made by a special resolution at the 1907 Convention of the WCTU.\n1908 the right to vote was granted to women, and the age of consent was raised from 12 to 16 years.\nIn retirement, Margaret continued to work for temperance, social reform and the Baptist Church. All photographs taken of Margaret McLean show her wearing a white ribbon tied in a bow, the badge adopted by the WCTU to symbolise purity.\nMargaret McLean died in Malvern on 14 February 1923, survived by eight of her eleven children. Six of her daughters' lives reflected aspects of their mother's career. Only Eva (1886-1968) and Jessie (1888-1964), a graphic artist, led domestic lives. Ethel (1873-1940) was head of staff at Lauriston Girls' School, Melbourne. Winifred Lucie (1877-1944) was a nurse, Hilda (1879-1938) was a Baptist missionary in India, and Alice (1884-1949; Dr Alice Barber) graduated in medicine in 1906 and was a missionary in India for many years. Dr Barber also helped to run the Women's Hospital, Melbourne, during World War I and later practised psychotherapy, making an influential contribution to its establishment in Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mclean-margaret-1845-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-social-reformer-in-the-series-our-pioneers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-william-mclean-of-east-melbourne\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hart, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE4114", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hart-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Birmingham, England", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Lecturer, Suffragist", "Summary": "Helen Hart was a feminist preacher and lecturer who actively campaigned for women's rights and suffrage in Britain, New Zealand and Australia. She was the first woman to speak publicly in many regions on the subject of women's rights and, as such, she was subjected to physical assault, practical jokes\u2014such as having fireworks thrown at her\u2014derision and even sexual harassment.\nIn her childhood, Hart became involved with anti-slavery and temperance movements, and began open-air preaching from the age of 19. She was in London by the 1860s, working as a lecturer and possibly a journalist. In 1876 she was on the executive committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage and on the provisional executive committee of the Association to Promote Women's Knowledge of the Law. As such she was known to many of the leaders of the women's movement. Although she considered herself a leader of the women's suffrage movement in Australia, others did not acknowledge her as such.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hart-helen-1842-1908\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-hart-founder-of-womens-suffrage-in-australasia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-hart\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smith, Silvia Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE4120", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-silvia-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Burnie, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Silvia Smith was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Bass, Tasmania in 1993. She remained in the federal parliament for one term, suffering defeat at the 1996 election, when the Keating Labor Government was swept from power. From 1997 to 2003 she served as a Legislative Councillor in the Tasmanian State Parliament representing the electorate of Windermere as an Independent Labor member.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-silvia-smith-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Robertson, Agnes Robertson", "Entry ID": "AWE4155", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robertson-agnes-robertson\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stepney, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Mount Waverley Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Initially a member of the Liberal and Country League of Western Australia, Agnes Robertson was elected to the Senate of the Australian Parliament in December 1949. On being dropped from the Liberal Party's Senate ticket in 1955 because of her age, she joined the Country and Democratic League, was listed first on its ticket and won, becoming the first Country Party's female senator. She retired from parliament in 1962.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robertson-agnes-robertson-1882-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-woman-of-some-importance-senator-agnes-robertson-1882-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sister Esther", "Entry ID": "AWE4158", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stalham, Norfolk, England", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Religious Sister, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Born and educated in England, Emma Silcock was a gifted musician and craft worker who showed leadership potential as a young girl in school. In her twenties, she felt God was calling her to the Religious life and in 1884 was received as novice into the Anglican Community of St Mary the Virgin, Wantage. Henceforth, she was known as Sister Esther.\nShe moved to Melbourne in the mid 1880s on medical advice and, almost immediately, became involved in the work of the Church of England Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne, initiated in 1885 by Bishop Moorhouse to minister to those living in the infamous city slums. In 1888 she moved into the mission's house in Little Lonsdale Street. Two workers joined her in 1889, forming the nucleus of a permanent community. Under Esther's leadership they engaged in home, factory, hospital and prison visiting, and attendance at police courts. They established a House of Mercy for fallen girls at Cheltenham (1892) and a Home for Neglected Children at Brighton (1894).\nSister Esther had a particular vision for the establishment of a community of religious women dedicated to living and working with the poor, and it took some time for her to find an Anglican Bishop to support this vision by receiving her vows in profession, and enabling the Community of the Holy Name. The guiding rule of the community was:\nThe aim and object of this Community into which these Sisters have been called, is two-fold. First, the Glory of God and the perfection of those He calls out of the world to serve Him in the Religious Life, under the perpetual vows of Poverty, Chastity and Obedience. Second, the Community has been founded for active Mission work in the Church for the honour and love of our Blessed Lord Jesus Christ\nSister Esther was associated with this community, located in Cheltenham in Melbourne, Victoria, until she died in 1931.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silcock-emma-caroline-1858-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther-an-anglican-saint-reprinted-from-the-melbourne-anglican-september-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-silence-a-study-of-a-religious-community-for-women-the-community-of-the-holy-name\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grounds, Lucy Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4283", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grounds-lucy-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glenorchy, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Lucy Grounds was elected to the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Tasmania representing the district of Launceston on 29 September 1951. She succeeded her husband Arthur after his death and remained in the parliament until her defeat at the 1958 election. In 2005 she was entered on the Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Willey, Mary Lindsay Caroline", "Entry ID": "AWE4304", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/willey-mary-lindsay-caroline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warrawee, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Originally a member of the Australian Labor Party, Mary Willey was elected to the House of Assembly in the Parliament of Tasmania in 1979 representing the electorate of Bass. She resigned from the Labor Party in 1981 in support of the premier of the time Doug Lowe in his approach to the damming of the Franklin River. She fought the 1982 election as an Independent and was unfortunately defeated on that occasion.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mary-lindsay-caroline-willey-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ballantyne, Agnes", "Entry ID": "AWE4359", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ballantyne-agnes\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Selkirk, Selkirkshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist, Suffragist", "Summary": "Agnes Ballantyne was a signatory to the 1891 Women's Suffrage 'Monster' Petition in Victoria. She was involved in a number of church and philanthropic societies from an early age and was particularly active in the Victorian branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, presiding over the Malvern Branch for fourteen years. She became interested in the suffrage movement through her involvement with the WCTU.\nBallantyne was also a children's rights advocate and when legislation was passed providing for children's courts, she became an officer in the district where she resided.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/agnes-ballantyne-of-myamyn-glenferrie-rd-malvern\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lowe, Annie", "Entry ID": "AWE4417", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lowe-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wilberforce, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "St. Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Suffragist", "Summary": "Annie Lowe, together with Henrietta Dugdale formed the Victorian Women's Suffrage Society in 1884, the first such organisation to be established in Australia. She campaigned strongly, becoming the president of the United Council for Woman Suffrage, which included more than thirty societies. She lived to see women granted the franchise in Victoria in November 1908 and was given pride of place on the platform at the victory celebrations, which were held on 5 December 1908. Unfortunately she did not live to exercise her right to vote at the 1911 state election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Weeks, Clara", "Entry ID": "AWE4423", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weeks-clara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "England", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Suffragist, Teacher, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Clara Weeks was born in England in 1852 and came to Victoria with her family at the age of six. Described as a 'born teacher', she began her career at sixteen, working in many rural and urban schools. She retired in 1913 as the Infant Mistress at Carlton Primary School, one of the highest positions then attainable for women, at one of Melbourne's largest government schools.\nWeeks' professional experience radicalised her, particularly when it came to fighting for equal pay for women. Salaray and superannuation scheme for men assumed they needed to care for dependents whereas no such assumption was made for women. However, as Weeks observed, 'hardly any women she knew \u2026 not one \u2026 did not have a dependant'.\nWeeks was active in was active in many women's organizations and worked alongside Vida Goldstein on the Victorian Women's Suffrage Executive Committee.\nWeeks died in 1937 having influenced hundreds of teachers, thousands of pupils and thousands more women with her advocacy for their rights.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/c-m-weeks-of-mooroolbark\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Frayne, Mother Ursula", "Entry ID": "AWE4437", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frayne-mother-ursula\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dublin, Ireland", "Death Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Religious Leader, Religious Sister", "Summary": "In 1845, Ursula Frayne, along with five other Sisters of Mercy and one postulant, sailed for Western Australia with the goal, among other things, of establishing the first Mercy school in Australia. This they did on 2 February, 1846, with planks, bricks and packing cases as furniture. Instead of the 4,000 children they were promised when they left Ireland, only one child turned up for school on the day it opened. By August, however, enrolments stood at 100.\nIn 1849 she opened the first secondary school in Western Australia, a 'select' fee-paying school catering for an almost exclusively non-Catholic clientele. Its success determined the pattern of future Mercy expansion, which was to establish, almost simultaneously and often within the same building, three separate schools: a 'select' fee-paying school, a primary school and an infants' school. By 1856 the schools of the Sisters of Mercy in Western Australia were flourishing.\nHer reputation as an educator spread to other colonies and in 1857 she accepted an invitation from Bishop James Gould to found a school in Victoria. There she established the Sisters of Mercy as the first teaching nuns in Victoria. She oversaw the development of a boarding and day school for girls, together with two primary schools and a domestic training school for orphans. She founded the St Vincent de Paul's Orphanage at South Melbourne and managed it until the Christian Brothers took over the boys' section, leaving the girls under the care of her Sisters. She established a country foundation at Kilmore in 1875.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ursula-frayne-a-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frayne-ursula-1816-1885\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ibbott, Nellie Grace", "Entry ID": "AWE4477", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ibbott-nellie-grace\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leyton, Essex, England", "Death Place": "Mornington, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor", "Summary": "Nellie Ibbott was the first woman to be elected to the Heidelberg Shire Council in 1928. Heidelberg became a city in 1934 and Ibbott served as mayor from 1943-44, becoming the first woman in Victoria to hold mayoral office. In 1950 she was defeated at the council elections after serving for 22 years. In addition to her council work, she was active in the Victorian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia. In 1949 she was nominated as a candidate for pre-selection for the Senate, but was unsuccessful. She became involved in charity work, establishing the Heidelberg Benevolent Society. She was appointed MBE in 1954.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-the-numbers-women-in-local-government\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ibbott-nellie-grace-1889-1971\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-nellie-ibbott-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooper, Janet Pierson", "Entry ID": "AWE4502", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-janet-pierson\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Elmsvale, Nova Scotia, Canada", "Death Place": "Albert Park, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Anaesthetist, Local government councillor, Mayor", "Summary": "In 1950 Janet Cooper became the first woman elected to the South Melbourne City council. She was defeated in 1953, but re-elected in 1956 and served as mayor in 1958-59 and again in 1965. In 1959 she was appointed OBE.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-janet-pierson-1891-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smallwood, Ethel Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4505", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smallwood-ethel-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor", "Summary": "Ethel Smallwood served as a councillor on the Shire of South Gippsland from 1970-74.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hedditch, Mabel Emily", "Entry ID": "AWE4521", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hedditch-mabel-emily\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hambrook, Gloucestershire, England", "Death Place": "Portland, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Cheesemaker, Community worker, Local government councillor, Mayor", "Summary": "In recognition of her service to the community of Portland, Victoria, and women of Victoria in general, Mabel Hedditch was appointed OBE in 1960. Her contribution to her community included foundation membership of the Portland Branch of the Country Women's Association of Victoria. She later served as group president, central vice-president and State president.\nMabel Hedditch also served on the Portland Town Council from 1949 -64 and was its mayor from 1956-60.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Alfred and Emily Flux, Mabel Emily was born in Hambrook, Bristol, England on 11 December 1897. She was the youngest child of five children. At the time of her birth, her father was the licensee of the White Horse Inn, Whiteshill, Hambrook. However, around 1905, her father inherited Walton Farm, Hambrook, and the family left the hotel to relocate to the farm.\nMabel's early education began at Frenchay Village School, Frenchay, located near the family farm. However, her older brothers and sister attended the Whiteshill School, Hambrook. Along with her sister, her secondary education was completed Colston's Girls School, Bristol. She was admitted on 16 September 1910 as a free place holder. However, in a registration certificate obtained in 2008, she was found to have been withdrawn from school on 21 December 1913 due \"\u2026to serious illness at home\".\nIn 1914, Mabel completed a cheese making course at the Country Dairy School, Bristol. During the 1914-18 World War Mabel joined the \"land army\" and one of her duties was to deliver milk from her father's dairy by horse and cart.\nAt the end of the first World War, when Australian soldiers were being offered work on nearby farms whilst awaiting shipment back home, Mabel met Norman Hedditch, who had served in France with the Australian Imperial Force. During this time a friendship developed, which continued on Norman's return home to Australia. In early 1921, Mabel immigrated to Australia, sailing on the S.S. Morea to Melbourne. On the afternoon of her arrival - 15 April 1921 - she and Norman were married at the St. Stephen's Anglican Church, Church St., Richmond, Melbourne.\nMabel and Norman then settled on the Hedditch family farm, \"Lal Lal\", at Lower Cape Bridgewater, near Portland. Mabel turned her hand to farming \"Australian-style\". She and Norman lived there for the next 26 years. Over a 14-year period, they had seven children Thomas William (1922 - 1967), Margaret (1923 - 2002), Alfred John (1924 - ), Robert Charles (1925 - 2002), James Clifford (1926 - 1926), Katherine Mary (1930 - ) and Geoffrey Norman (1934 - ).\nMabel and Norman's farming activities included grazing, dairying and the associated roles of raising calves, pigs and poultry. During the Great Depression, from 1928 until the mid to late 1930's, when times were difficult, Norman's father selected other land to farm at Gorae West, which they farmed in conjunction with Lal Lal. Norman also started working as a livestock agent to supplement the limited farm income. As he became very successful at this pursuit, he established an office in Portland.\nMabel continued to run the farm with assistance of the older children and outside help.\nHowever, in 1937, when the Country Women's Association of Victoria formed a branch in Portland, Mabel entered public life. She was a founding member, but also became secretary that same year. In 1939, with the outbreak of World War 2, the Portland Branch was very busy making camouflage nets and knitted socks, in addition to assembling food parcels for the troops.\nIn 1946, not long after the war ended, Mabel and Norman left the farm at Lal Lal and moved into the township of Portland so that Norman could pursue his business interests. Their son Robert remained on the farm until it was sold in 1948. This shift of location suited Mabel as it enabled her to actively pursue public life, in particular, her interest in the Country Women's Association. (She had strong insights into the problems facing country women at that time.) She became Group President (1947-49), Central Vice President (1951-53) and State President (1953-55).\nIn October 1954, during her term as State President, her husband died suddenly. However, this did not deter Mabel - she continued on with public life. In 1949, she was elected to as a Councillor to the Borough of Portland, and continued in this role for the next 15 years. On 2 December 1954, she was appointed an Honorary Justice (Justice of the Peace) for the State of Victoria. In the 1964 election, she lost her council seat in a 5 way contest, leading on primary votes but losing out on preferences.\nFrom 1956-60, Mabel served as the Mayor of Portland. She was to become only the second Lady Mayor of any municipality in the State of Victoria to serve at that time. During her first term as Councillor the municipality of Portland was upgraded to \"town\"- on 19 November 1949 - at a time when Portland was experiencing a period of rapid progress.\nIn addition to her duties with the Council and the Country Women's Association, Mabel played many other roles in the community. She served as treasurer of the town's Infant Welfare Centre, directed the \"home help\" service, worked for \"meals on wheels\" and was president of the Old Folks' Welfare Committee. She was also an energetic secretary for the Lewis Court Home for the Aged, Portland.\nAlong with her O.B.E., Mabel was also awarded a Citizenship Award by the Town of Portland on 9 November 1965. Unfortunately, Mabel died shortly before the award could presented, officially, to her. As part of her Council duties, Mabel was also a delegate of the Victorian Decentralisation League achieving the status of Vice President. On 10 March 1966 she was made, posthumously, a Life Member of the League.\nMabel died on 6 January 1966. She is buried at the Lower Cape Bridgewater Cemetery alongside her late husband Norman. This cemetery is located about one mile from Lal Lal, the property she and Norman farmed for 26 years.\nIn an article in the Melbourne Herald, Mabel was described as someone \"\u2026who knows and loves the land, the people who live on it, the things that grow in it\u2026\" - for which she will always be remembered.\nThis information was been prepared by Geoff Hedditch (January 2010) with the assistance of Judith Pike, Mabel's Great niece in Bristol, England and from records currently held by the family. This information was edited by Tricia Ong, Geoff's daughter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hedditch-mabel-emily-1897-1966\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mabel-emily-hedditch-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pelling, Charis Meta", "Entry ID": "AWE4539", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pelling-charis-meta\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Shire president", "Summary": "Charis Pelling served as a councillor for the Shire of Eltham, Victoria from 1961-71 and was its Shire president from 1962-63. In 1965, with councillor John Lewis, she represented the Shire at the meeting called to form the Heidelberg Regional Library Service. In 1967, on the formation of the Shire of Eltham Historical Society she served as its foundation president.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Addison, Marion Lillian", "Entry ID": "AWE4545", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/addison-marion-lillian-lily\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New Glenelg, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Sportswoman, Tennis player", "Summary": "Lily Addison competed in the All England Tennis Championships at Wimbledon in 1919. She served with the Australian Army Nursing Service 1917-19 in Greece and England.\n", "Details": "Known as Lily, Marion Lillian Addison had moved from Adelaide to Melbourne by 1910. In 1906 she first won the Victorian Ladies' Tennis Championship.\nAs a tennis player she had significant success in Australia and often played doubles with her brother J. J. Addison. She was the South Australian Ladies Tennis Champion in 1906, 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911. She was holder of the Victorian Ladies' singles championship and mixed doubles title in 1909. In 1910 she won all three events in the New South Wales Tennis Championships - the ladies' singles, ladies' doubles and challenge pairs. In 1911 she was both Victorian and New South Wales State Ladies Tennis Champion. In late 1913, at the age of twenty seven, she commenced nursing training at the Melbourne Hospital, graduating in early 1917. She enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service in August 1917 and was posted to a number of British military hospitals in Salonika, Greece. In 1918 she suffered lung trouble. After the Armistice, in February 1919 she transferred to the 3rd Australian Auxiliary Hospital in Dartford, England.\nIn June 1919 she played in the All England Tennis Championships at Wimbledon. She defeated Mrs Tucker, 6-3, 6-1 in the first round. She was beaten by Mrs McNair in the second round 12-10, 6-2. She also competed in the mixed doubles with Max Decagis and beat Mrs L. Mauser-Doust, 6-3, 11-9.\nShe returned to Australia in July 1919 and by November that year had returned to local tennis, being selected in the Victorian team to play against New South Wales. In 1921 she was again nursing at the Melbourne Hospital but still managed to win the Victorian title for the fifth time. In 1925, Lily Addison held a position as Sister with the Australian Army Nursing Service Reserve.\nIt appears she did not marry. In 1937 she was a Sister at the Adelaide Hospital but in 1940 is recorded as living in Mont Albert, Melbourne. In 1972 she lived in Kew.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-just-routine-nursing-the-roles-and-skills-of-the-australian-army-nursing-service-during-world-war-i\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/una\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/n-s-w-tennis-championships-miss-addison-wins-three-events\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trained-nurses-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawn-tennis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawn-tennis-all-england-championships\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawn-tennis-all-england-championships-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-championships\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-to-the-editor-played-the-game\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/using-the-online-community-to-create-history\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/addison-marion-lilian-sern-s-nurse-pob-adelaide-sa-poe-adelaide-sa-nok-m-addison-marion-l\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rudduck, Loma Butterworth", "Entry ID": "AWE4785", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rudduck-loma-butterworth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hay, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Historian, Liaison officer, Radio Broadcaster", "Summary": "From the time she arrived in Canberra in 1943 as a young wife and mother, Loma Rudduck became actively involved in several community organisations particularly those supporting women and children in the young and growing city. She was one of the founders and later president of the Canberra Pre-School Society and represented it on the National Council of Women. Later she was federal executive officer of the Australian Pre-School Association. For 14 years she recorded a weekly talk on women's issues, 'Canberra Roundup', broadcast on ABC National radio. After the death of her husband in 1964 she worked at information centres, established by the National Capital Development Commission (NCDC) in the new towns of Woden, Weston Creek and Belconnen, and as a liaison officer between the NCDC and the National Council of Women. She was a president of the Canberra Embroiderers' Guild and took a prominent part in an Australia-wide project to produce an embroidery for the opening of the new Parliament House in 1988. Loma recorded the history of several organisations with which she was associated. She was a founder of the Canberra and District Historical Society and was honoured with life membership.\n", "Details": "Loma Amos was born on 8 August 1914 in Hay, New South Wales, but travelled with her mother to Fiji, where both her parents were working as missionaries, soon after her birth. She was educated by correspondence and, when it was time for her to start high school, the family left Fiji and Loma was enrolled at the Methodist Ladies College, Melbourne. Afterwards, Loma trained as a pre-school teacher. On 2 September 1939 she married architect and town planner, Grenfell Rudduck, at Queen's College Chapel, University of Melbourne, in a ceremony conducted by her father, a Methodist minister.\nMoving to Canberra in 1943 with her husband and the first of her four children, Loma joined other women in forming the Canberra Nursery Kindergarten Society (later the Canberra Pre-School Society). She was on the Society's Council from its inception and served as president in 1946-1947 and 1948-1949. She represented the Society on the National Council of Women and from 1945 to 1950 was a member of the Department of the Interior's Pre-School Advisory Committee.\nIn 1954 Loma was invited to contribute a weekly 'Canberra Roundup' to be broadcast on ABC National radio as part of the women's session. She continued presenting this weekly segment for the next fourteen years, even while the family was living in Pakistan where her husband was a United Nations adviser.\nEncouraged by a Reid neighbour, Lu Rees, founder of the Children's Book Council in the ACT, Loma Rudduck became honorary secretary of the Council and was president 1960-1961. She was a member of the Canberra Public Library Advisory Committee in 1961-1962.\nIn 1964 after the sudden death of her husband, an Associate Commissioner of the National Capital Development Commission (NCDC), the NCDC Commissioner, (Sir) John Overall offered her the role of liaison officer between the NCDC and the National Council of Women. Employed in the NCDC's public relations section she ran an information centre, set up in a temporary structure in the bare paddocks rapidly being transformed into the new towns of Woden, Weston Creek and Belconnen, advising and helping new residents.\nAfter five years in this position, Loma was asked to become Executive Officer of the recently formed Australian Pre-School Association. She held this position in pre-school administration, a satisfying return to her pre-school profession, from 1970 to 1975.\nThe inaugural meeting at which the Embroiderers' Guild of the ACT was formed was held in Loma Rudduck's Reid home. She was the Guild's newsletter editor in 1979-1981, president in 1982-1983 and was prominent in moves by the Guild in an Australia-wide project to make and present a major piece of embroidery to the new Parliament House in 1988. She wrote the Guild's history in 1992.\nLoma was instrumental in Canberra acquiring a floral emblem. After complaining to the then Minister for the Interior, Michael Hodgman, about the Territory's lack of a floral emblem, she was appointed to a committee to recommend one. The committee unanimously chose the Royal Bluebell (Wahlenbergia gloriosa).\nLoma Rudduck was also a significant historian. In 1953 she and her husband helped W.P. Bluett establish the Canberra and District Historical Society; she remained an active member of the Society and was made a life member in 1992. She campaigned to save Glebe House (demolished in 1954) and Blundell's Cottage, which remains as a historical link with Canberra's past. She documented the history of several projects in which she was involved. These histories included: The Mothering Years (with Helen Crisp), a history of the Canberra Mothercraft Society, the forerunner of the Canberra Pre-School Society; a history of the Embroiderers' Guild of the ACT, And So to Sew; and a manuscript history of the Canberra Pre-School Society 1943-60, held in the ACT Heritage Library. She also completed several books of family history and books of advice for families of pre-school children.\nIn the 1980s Loma Rudduck moved to the family's holiday home at Long Beach on the South Coast of New South Wales. She died in Bendigo in 2005 aged 91 while visiting family. A street in the Canberra suburb of Forde is named in her honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/and-so-to-sew-a-history-of-embroidery-in-the-australian-capital-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-district-historical-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-society-begins\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federation-of-australian-historical-societies-inc-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rudduck-grenfell-1914-1964\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-short-story-about-a-long-time-ago\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rudduck-loma-canberra-pre-school-society-a-record-1943-60-canberra-1960-23-p\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-loma-rudduck-1944-1968-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tait, Sarah", "Entry ID": "AWE4833", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tait-sarah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Rower", "Events": "Rowing - women's pair (2012 - 2012)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barkman, Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE4966", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barkman-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kiev, Kyivan Rus', Russia", "Death Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Read more about Frances Barkman in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barry, Mary Gonzaga", "Entry ID": "AWE4968", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barry-mary-gonzaga\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wexford, Ireland", "Death Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious Sister", "Summary": "Read more about Mary Gonzaga Barry in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brodrick, Ida Bell", "Entry ID": "AWE4997", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brodrick-ida-bell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Woollahra, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Read more about Ida Bell Brodrick in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burrows, Eva Evelyn", "Entry ID": "AWE5003", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burrows-eva-evelyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tighes Hill, near Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress, Missionary, Preacher, Religious Leader", "Summary": "Read more about Eva Evelyn Burrows in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nEva Burrows passed away on 20 March, 2015.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/salvation-army-retired-general-eva-burrows-remembered-as-the-peoples-general\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Darling, Barbara", "Entry ID": "AWE5045", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/darling-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Bishop, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Barbara Darling in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gracious-and-gentle-pioneer-was-a-role-model-for-anglican-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Farquharson, Martha Durward", "Entry ID": "AWE5077", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/farquharson-martha-durward\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Galway, Ireland", "Death Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Nurse, Private hospital owner", "Summary": "Read more about Martha Durward Farquharson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fink, Miriam (Mina)", "Entry ID": "AWE5080", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fink-miriam-mina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bialystok, Poland", "Death Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker", "Summary": "Read more about Miriam Fink in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fink-mina-and-leo\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Greig, Flos", "Entry ID": "AWE5106", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greig-flos\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ferry, Scotland", "Death Place": "MoorabbinMoorabbin, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Flos Greig was a remarkable pioneer whose determination to practise as a solicitor advanced gender equality in the legal profession in Australia in the early twentieth century. The first woman to be admitted to legal practice in Australia, Greig was at the vanguard of 'the graceful incoming of a revolution' as described by then Chief Justice Sir John Madden, as he presided over the ceremony granting her admission to the Victorian bar in August 1905 (The Advertiser, 1905).\nRead more about Flos Greig in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-history-of-the-greig-sisters\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hastings, Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE5121", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hastings-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, England, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Psychologist, Public servant", "Summary": "Read more about Elizabeth Hastings in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-elizabeth-hastings\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lasica, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE5181", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lasica-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Vienna, Austria", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Dancer", "Summary": "Read more about Margaret Lasica in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-lasica-1935-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-margaret-lasica-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackinnon, Gracemary", "Entry ID": "AWE5205", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinnon-gracemary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Corowa, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Executive, Public servant", "Summary": "Read more about Gracemary Mackinnon in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-gracemary-mackinnon\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McCaughey, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE5218", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mccaughey-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "County Antrim, Northern Ireland, Ireland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social reformer, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Jean McCaughey in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mellor, Olive", "Entry ID": "AWE5227", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mellor-olive\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Linton, Cambridgeshire, England", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Educator, Garden designer, Horticulturalist, Radio Broadcaster", "Summary": "Read more about Olive Mellor in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Merwick, Donna Jeanne", "Entry ID": "AWE5230", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merwick-donna-jeanne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Chicago, Illinois, United States of America", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Donna Jeanne Merwick in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mulcahy, Ellen", "Entry ID": "AWE5239", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mulcahy-ellen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Central County Cork, Ireland", "Death Place": "Abbotsford Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political and industrial organiser, Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Ellen Mulcahy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rossi, Daisy Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5287", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rossi-daisy-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Upper Wakefield, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Designer, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Daisy Rossi in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sargood, Katherine Isobel", "Entry ID": "AWE5296", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sargood-katherine-isobel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, Middlesex, England", "Death Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Rural leader", "Summary": "Read more about Katherine Isobel Sargood in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Westmoreland, Annie", "Entry ID": "AWE5354", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/westmoreland-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sheffield, Yorkshire, England", "Death Place": "Bayswater, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Education reformer", "Summary": "Read more about Annie Westmoreland in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macfie, Ethel", "Entry ID": "AWE5400", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macfie-ethel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Birmingham, Warwickshire, England", "Death Place": "Tecoma, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Army Nurse, Nurse", "Summary": "In 1917 Ethel Macfie volunteered for overseas duty with the Australian Army Nursing Service in World War I. She nursed in British hospitals in Salonika until after the end of the war. Before enlisting she had nursed briefly at Canberra Hospital. Ethel Macfie was born in Birmingham, England and migrated to Australia with her family in 1885.\n", "Details": "Ethel Macfie was born in Birmingham, England. In the 1881 English census, she is recorded as aged nine and living in London. She migrated to Australia with her family in 1885 and appears to have lived in a number of colonies including Tasmania where a younger brother was born. By the time of her enlistment her father, Matthew Macfie, whom she named as her next of kin, was living in Armadale, a suburb of Melbourne and a brother was living in Sydney.\nEthel Macfie trained as a nurse at St Margaret's Private Hospital, a maternity hospital in inner Sydney. She was employed as a nurse at Canberra Hospital then a very small hospital with only a few staff under Matron M K Charles-West. Ethel is named on a list of officers employed in the Federal Capital Territory as temporary nurse paid at the rate of three guineas a week. When she enlisted on 15 May 1917, Ethel gave her age as 40 years and 6 months but it appears she would have been 45; her religion was Church of England. Her enlistment was noted in The Newsletter: An Australian Paper for Australian People, a free trade weekly, published in Sydney by journalist and former politician, John Haynes, who had started the Bulletin with J. F. Archibald. She was described as the daughter of Matthew Macfie and sister of Hector Macfie of Sydney.\nLess than a month after enlisting she joined RMS Mooltan in Melbourne as a staff nurse with the Australian Army Nursing Service bound for Suez. The following month she boarded the Osmanieh at Alexandria and disembarked on 14 August 1917 in Salonika, Greece. She was recruited in response to a request from the British Government for Australian trained nurses to staff four British military hospitals in Salonika in northern Greece. Three units, each of 91 nurses, embarked from Australia in June 1917 and a fourth unit in August. The first three units began duty in Salonika in August 1917; the fourth was delayed in Egypt and reached Salonika later. Altogether 42 Australian sisters and 257 staff nurses served in Salonika.\nBritish and French forces had arrived in Greece in 1915 to fight Bulgarian forces invading Serbia, to regain control of the Balkans and to prevent enemy forces taking areas leading to the Suez Canal and the Middle East. They saw only intermittent action over the next three years. Most patients at the military hospitals were British soldiers and Bulgarian prisoners of war; many were not battle casualties but suffering from diseases including malaria, dysentery and black water fever. The Australian nurses, who had enlisted for service overseas with the expectation that they would nurse Australian soldiers, were disappointed that this was never the case in Salonika. They also felt they had been relegated to the war's sidelines with action on the Balkan front little reported at the time. The final battle against the Bulgarians in September 1918 was not reported in the London Times in any detail until 1919.\nAll the nurses in Salonika felt the bitter cold and snow in winter and the intense heat in summer in hospitals set up in tents or primitive huts. In winter there was not enough fuel for the braziers to heat the tents and by morning the blankets on patients were stiff with ice. Most nurses suffered from malaria which was endemic and those with recurrent malaria were repatriated to Australia. By August 1918, 46 nurses had been invalided back to Australia. Nurses wore heavy mosquito nets and clothing that covered every part of their bodies in an effort to ward off mosquitoes but they sometimes discarded extra coverings when they made nursing impossible. The sites of some of the hospitals were near swamps which became quagmires in winter and mosquito breeding grounds in summer.\nAfter she arrived in Salonika Ethel Macfie was taken on the strength of the 50th British General Hospital (BGH), a hut hospital at Kalamaria on the outskirts of Salonika, and she later nursed at 42 BGH, a tent hospital at Kalamaria and at 52 BGH, also at Kalamaria. She was in Salonika until after the war ended.\nIn March 1919 she was given six months unpaid leave in England for family reasons presumably to visit English relatives at New Barnet but in July she was recalled to duty at 3rd Australian Auxiliary Hospital in Dartford preparatory to returning to Australia. She returned on the Katoomba disembarking in September and was discharged the following month. She stated she was in good health and unaffected by her service. Although she had been promoted Sister in Salonika her final rank on discharge was Staff Nurse, AANS. She was awarded the British War Medal and the Victory Medal and is commemorated on the ACT Memorial.\nEthel Macfie died on 22 July 1952 at her home at Tecoma in the Dandenong Ranges outside Melbourne after previously living in the suburb of Ivanhoe.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mettle-and-steel-the-aans-in-salonika\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macfie-ethel-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-bombs-and-bandages-australian-army-nurses-at-work-in-world-war-i\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-history-of-the-australian-army-medical-services-1914-18-vol-iii-problems-and-services\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macfie-ethel-sern-sister-pob-birmingham-staffordshire-england-poe-sydney-nsw-nok-f-macfie-matthew\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Schoeffel, Daisy Mildred", "Entry ID": "AWE5417", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/schoeffel-daisy-mildred\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "EchucaEchuca, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Australian-born Daisy Schoeffel, with her German-born but naturalised British husband and their two British born children, were deported from Fiji to Australia in November 1917 and interned in harsh conditions as enemy aliens first in the Bourke Concentration Camp, New South Wales and then moved to the Molonglo Concentration Camp at Fyshwick in the then Federal Capital Territory (now the Australian Capital Territory). Finally released in May 1919, Daisy wrote to a Western Australian Member of Parliament - Hon. Henry Gregory - expressing her anger and humiliation at the injustice of their treatment, the shame of their status and the depth and breadth of the suffering they experienced in the camps and pleaded against the forced deportation to Germany of her family. This letter provides the basis of this entry with relation to her imprisonment during World War One.\n", "Details": "Fourth generation Australian, Daisy Mildred Pearse was the fifth of ten children born to Jessie Alice (nee Armstrong) and James Pearse in North Fremantle, Western Australia on 22 September 1885. James Pearse was a tanner whose shoe manufacturing business, later known as Pearse and Swan, evolved to be a major company in Western Australia. He served as a councillor for Fremantle 1883-1895, for North Fremantle 1895-1917 and as Mayor of North Fremantle from 1898-1901. None of this, however, protected his daughters Daisy and Hally, married to German cousins, from what lay ahead after the outbreak of World War One.\nOn a visit to New Zealand, Daisy met German-born businessman Alfred Emil Schoeffel who had worked for a German company in Fiji since 1908. They married at Johnston Memorial Congregational Church, Fremantle, on 19 November 1913. According to Robyn Kienzle in her book about Daisy's nephew Bert, 'The Architect of Kokoda', Daisy and Alfred married 'against furious opposition from her family' (p. 12), however the report of the large society wedding in the West Australian in November 1913, suggests the family may have come around to the marriage ('Social Notes', 1913, p. 10).\nThe couple initially lived in Levuka, Fiji where Daisy gave birth to three children - Kenton in 1914, Max in 1916. She later gave birth to Rex in Australia in 1924.\nAlfred Schoeffel was naturalised a British subject in May 1914 and nothing immediately changed for the family after the outbreak of war in August the same year. The Schoeffels continued to live their lives as before. Back in Australia, Daisy's brother Kenton Pearse enlisted with the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and saw action in France. Several of her cousins also served with the AIF. Daisy's father, James Pearse had a significant contract producing leather boots for the Australian forces, and her brother Alfred George Pearse (b. 1881) represented the Master Tanners' Association on the Western Australian advisory committee appointed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes under the war precautions leather industries regulations that ensured Commonwealth control over the manufacture of leather goods including boots. Daisy's family was thoroughly Australian but this made no difference when in 1917 the notorious German naval commander and sea raider Count Felix von Luckner evaded the British Royal Navy and ended up in Fiji, where the local community responded with xenophobic hysteria. Von Luckner and his small crew surrendered to British authorities and were shipped to New Zealand where they were interned for the duration of the war, but in the meantime the politics of fear had taken hold in Fiji and all German nationals in Fiji were deported, whether naturalised British or not.\nRecovering at home from surgery to remove gallstones and her appendix, Daisy was rounded up by Fijian authorities with her family and her sister Hally and her stepchildren. All their property was seized, including their homes, and the two families forced onto the SS Atua, sailing from Suva on 1 November 1917. After travelling in abominable conditions under armed guard with little food and no washing facilities for the eight-day voyage, they were put on a train for Bourke, New South Wales from Sydney and not permitted to make contact with their family in Western Australia. In a letter Daisy wrote to Western Australian Member of Parliament Henry Gregory in 1919, and endorsed by her sister Hally, she described their arrival at Bourke where they were paraded to the empty former Empire Hotel:\nOnce I was able to get some candles from a store nearby and we were able to see the state of the rooms we had to live in, we women just broke down - I wished to God I could die and my babies with me! (NAA: CRS 457, Item 406\/1; Fischer 1989).\nThe Schoeffels and Kienzles were given straw sacks to sleep on and 'filthy dirty rusty tin plates' and mugs and a tin bucket to cook in. The authorities gave them no respite and neither did the weather. Having arrived in November, daytime temperatures were 40 degrees in shade and just as it began to cool down at 7 p.m. the prisoners were forced inside where the heat had built up during the day. Conditions were filthy; the women had to wash their children under a tap in the backyard and cook on a stove made from four bricks and an iron bar. Rations of bread and meat were often flyblown so they had to buy fresh food from local stores but as they had not been permitted to bring money from Fiji, they relied on the generosity of the other German prisoners. Many of the prisoners contracted dysentery, including Daisy and her baby son Max; they received little medical attention and Max was eventually admitted to Bourke hospital when his condition worsened. Daisy wrote of this time: 'Those next 3 weeks I can't write about. I went through hell and only thank God that I kept my reason.' The prisoners were only permitted to write two letters a week of 150 words each and these were censored so she was unable to appeal to her family in Western Australia for help.\nWhen the German consul in Fiji, George Krafft died of heatstroke at Bourke in February 1918 and shortly afterwards an interned family's cottage burnt down in the heat, families at Bourke were shipped to the then Federal Capital Territory. After a long train journey they found themselves at the Molonglo Concentration Camp, Fyshwick where Daisy wrote 'Oh, the difference in the treatment here was very marked indeed and we all said if only we had been sent here in the first place! The officers and men were all very kind\u2026 and were most sympathetic to my sister and I and could never understand how we could be there.' Under the leadership of the respected former journalist Brigadier-General Reginald Spencer Browne the regime was more gentle. Daisy described that 'everything here was made as easy for us as discipline allowed and compared to Bourke our rations were good and plentiful.' There was, however, one drawback with Molonglo - they were in a camp on a dusty open plain, in poorly built wooden barracks that let in the rain, wind and noise from the other internees. Daisy wrote that there was constant noise all around: 'at my hut I could hear French, German, Chinese and English all day and half the night.' Her husband became seriously ill and was bed-bound for four months while Daisy became so rundown she had three and more fainting fits per day. Her physical and mental health suffered for the rest of her life.\nAfter their release on 22 May 1919, Daisy and her sister Hally were both concerned that they would be deported to Germany as enemy aliens with their families. The British and Fijian governments supported the deportation of enemy aliens and from August 1919 the Fiji Legislative Council prohibited former enemy aliens from landing on the island. The Australian government deported 6,150 people who were deemed enemy aliens. Of these, 5,414 people had been interned, the rest were family members or those ordered by the Defence Department to leave the country. Of the more than one thousand people who appealed to the Commonwealth Alien Board against deportation, only 306 were successful including 179 naturalised or native born Australians. Daisy and her sister and their husbands were relieved when Gregory's intervention on their behalf to the Prime Minister and the Governor General apparently contributed to their deportation orders being rescinded.\nDaisy and her family initially lived in Sydney. They were eventually permitted to return to Fiji in 1920 but spent only a brief time there before returning to Sydney where Alfred was again naturalised in May 1926. They lived in Turramurra, Sydney before taking up farming at Horningsea Park, near Liverpool, New South Wales sometime before 1933. Daisy and Alfred were living in Mathoura, in the New South Wales Riverina until she died at her son Max's home Chelsworth Park in nearby Echuca, Victoria on 14 January 1969. She was buried at Mathoura Cemetery on 17 January 1969.\nDaisy had written to Gregory in 1919: 'what hurt us more than all the insults and hardships we were forced to endure during our 2 years internment, was the fact that we should have to suffer all this at the hands of our own men and in our country!' She said they were made to feel like criminals and brought shame on their family. Daisy blamed Australia, writing that had Australia refused Fiji's request to intern them, no other country would have done so. 'Fiji approached New Zealand first of all and they refused to intern naturalized men let alone British women!' (NAA: CRS 457, Item 406\/1; Fischer 1989). According to later Schoeffel family stories, Daisy did not talk about the experience. As was so often the case, shame inhibited people from telling stories of their internment. Her letter to Gregory, published as Appendix 1 in Gerhard Fischer's Enemy aliens: internment and the home front experience in Australia, 1914-1920 (1989), powerfully relates her experience in her own words. It proved an eye-opener to her grandchildren and other relatives and is a tragic illustration of a lesser known suffering caused by war.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-enemy-at-home-german-internees-in-world-war-i-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/enemy-aliens-internment-and-the-homefront-experience-in-australia-1914-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-official-history-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1914-1918-australia-during-the-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-molonglo-mystery-a-unique-part-of-canberras-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-about-molonglo-the-mystery-deepens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/civilians-in-a-world-at-war-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-modern-day-concentration-camp-using-history-to-make-sense-of-australian-immigration-detention-centres\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/social-notes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leather-industries-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Higgins, Frances Georgina Watts (Ina)", "Entry ID": "AWE5420", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/higgins-frances-georgina-watts-ina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Landscape gardener, Suffragist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Ina Higgins was amongst the first wave of feminists and one of the first professional landscape gardeners in Australia. It is due to her lobbying that women were admitted to the Burnley School of Horticulture in 1899. Later graduates such as Olive Mellor, Edna Walling and Emily Gibson were able to follow her footsteps because she paved the way. Higgins became involved in the garden at the Royal Talbot Epileptic Colony, Clayton (now Monash University), Heronswood at Dromana and she was invited by the New South Wales Murrumbidgee Irrigation Trust to assist on the planting plans of the New South Wales towns Leeton and Griffin, designed by Walter Burley Griffin. One of her most ambitious projects was with her friends Vida Goldstein and Cecilia Anne John in establishing the Rural Women's Industries Co-operative women's farm in Mordialloc. In 1891 she signed the Women's Suffrage Petition and in 1894 became honorary secretary of the United Council for Woman Suffrage. She was a member of the Women's Political Association and when World War One broke out she became a member of the Women's Peace Army. In 1934 The Centenary Gift Book celebrated the contribution that pioneer women made to settling Victoria; Higgins contributed an article promoting horticulture as a career for women.\n", "Details": "Always known as Ina, Frances Georgina Watts Higgins was born in Fermoy, County Cork in Ireland and of all her brothers and sister, she was the one who retained her Gaelic accent. Her family were Irish Protestant and immigrated to Australia in 1870 on the cargo ship Eurynome with her mother Anne, who was the decision maker of the family, her four brothers Henry Bourne (politician, judge), George (Civil engineer), Samuel Ormsby (Doctor) plus her younger sister Anna Maria. Anne decided to leave Ireland because her oldest son James Henry died of consumption and Henry's health was fragile. Just before they arrived in Melbourne Charlie, aged 6, died and was buried at sea. Her father Reverend John Higgins, a Wesleyan Preacher and her other brother John came out later that year. Reverend Higgins found it difficult at first to find work as a minister but eventually became a home missionary in Australia. Higgins' mother Anne was determined her family would succeed and saw education as a way forward for the boys as well as the girls.\nHiggins and her sister Anna were foundation students at Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC) in Albert Street, East Melbourne enrolling in 1875, along with Vida Goldstein, the future suffragist leader. She sat her matriculation exam in 1878 at Melbourne University and received as satisfactory Pass. Except for herself and her brother John (an accountant), all Higgins' siblings went on to further studies at Melbourne University. Higgins had an interest in art, especially in colour and design, and was thinking about being an artist once she left school. Art - painting and drawing - had always been valued as a part of education at PLC. However, Higgins decided for reasons unknown to abandon that path. \nThe 1890s were a very pro-active time for Higgins as by 1891 she had returned to Melbourne and and was one of the 30,000 signatories on the Women's Suffrage Petition, listing her address as Killenna, Malvern. In 1894 she became the founding honorary secretary of United Council of Woman Suffrage (Melbourne) and by 1900 was sitting on the executive committee. Around the same time, 1896, she became involved in the Richmond Club for Working Girls as the honorary secretary. Its aim was to provide somewhere safe at lunchtime where the factory girls could go to eat their lunch and learn new skills such as sewing, cooking or more about personal hygiene. In the evenings they could attend lectures or play games, dance or sing together. But by 1898 she decided to follow her love of horticulture. However, because she was a woman, she was not entitled to enrol in the course at Burnley.\nBurnley was established in 1891 and was the first horticultural school in Australia with the aim of training young men (not women) as orchardists. Establishing horticultural training for young men and later included women was part of a world-wide movement. The United Kingdom, Europe and America were beginning to understand that agriculture and horticulture needed to keep up with the latest scientific knowledge and technological practices. This showed the colony of Victoria was keeping pace with the rest of the world in modernising education to include the new scientific and technological discoveries. With the help of Mrs. Laura Luffman (a suffragist and wife of the first principal Charles Bogue Luffman (1897-1908)) Higgins convinced him to allow women students. But the Board of Horticulture were horrified and all through Luffman's tenure there was tension regarding the issue of women students. It was such an amazing phenomenon educating women that newspapers such as the Australasian published an extensive article on the women at Burnley on the 18 February 1899, including pictures. On 20 December 1900 the women's gossip magazine Table Talk (page 5) wrote a piece outlining that Higgins from Malvern received highest marks, therefore first place in the school. It then goes on to point out that the Burnley Director (Mr Luffman) was dealing with 'an incompetent board who oppose all new ideas of progress' and as Luffman reported later that year, September 1900, to the Royal Commission on Technical Education, 'I do not think horticulture is an affair of sex.'\nThe philosophy of Luffman was to teach the women the basics of horticulture and use this knowledge to establish their own small business\/farms. They learnt garden making and management, bush-fruit, lemon, table grape and vegetable culture, plus poultry and bee management. This is very similar to the curriculum of the Studley Horticultural and Agricultural College, established in 1903 in Studley Castle, Warwickshire, England, by Lady Daisy Warwick (who had become interested in socialism) to educate middle class ladies in horticulture and agriculture.\nAfter Luffman resigned in 1908, Burnley continued to struggle to appeal to male students resulting in Higgins having to lobby again as women were banned from 1909 to 1911. This time Higgins used her network to apply pressure to the government. Journalist for The Herald Katherine Susannah Prichard (a friend of Higgins' niece Nettie Palmer (nee Higgins) and who wrote under the pseudonym 'Pomona') wrote an article 'Women's World: Miss Nina Higgins - A Woman Gardener, Gardens and Gardening' (1910) pointing out that banning women students showed Australia was falling behind the times. As Higgins was also a member of the Women's Political Association, she enlisted the help of the Acting President, Miss Mary Eliza Fullerton, to apply pressure resulting in women being readmitted in 1912.\nHiggins' list of known designs is impressive. In 1903 her brother Henry Bourne Higgins purchased the Gothic-revival house Heronswood in Dromana, designed by Edward La Trobe Bateman. In the papers of Nettie Palmer (nee Higgins, Ina's niece) Palmer mentions that Ina Higgins renovated the garden 'designing a garden that wound off into the bush' and that she (Ina) sent Henry a package of native plants for his birthday. Around 1906-1907 she had meet Lady Margaret Talbot, the wife of Victoria's Governor, Sir Reginald Talbot and Higgins became involved in the design of the gardens, drives, paths and naming of the various trees and shrubs at the Royal Talbot Epileptic Colony, Clayton. At the same time she became the secretary to the extraordinary Women's Work Exhibition held at the Melbourne Exhibition Buildings in 1907. There were over 16,000 exhibits and attracted over 250,000 people. Exhibitors came from all corners of the Empire as well as Mexico, Japan and Russia. It showcased the type of work women could do as well as new avenues of employment for women such as nursing. It even contained a horticultural section. After the exhibition was over Higgins returned to England for a well earned rest with the Talbots.\nHiggins designed gardens for her family and friends. Around 1911 Higgins was employed to re-design the garden of the property Hethersett, Burwood, which was being renovated and was purchased in 1938 by PLC, as they had outgrown their East Melbourne site. From the photos it can be seen that it is a typical Federation garden. With a central driveway, aligned with strips of lawn following the garden beds the length of the driveway it ended with a circular bed of lawn at the front door.\nHow Higgins meet Walter Burley and Marion Mahony Griffin isn't known, but Professor James Weirick of the University of New South Wales, believes it could have been through Hyde Champion, Vida Goldstein's brother-in-law. Champion had been introduced to Griffin via a letter from Miles Franklin who socialised with the Griffins in Chicago. Griffin first came out to Australia in September 1913 and met Mr Leslie Wade, Executive Officer of the NSW Murrumbidgee Irrigation Trust. Soon after, Griffin began working on the towns Leeton and Griffith and it is possible that he recommend Higgins to Mr Wade. As this was such an unusual event to appoint a woman, it was reported as far away as Perth in the paper The West Australian.\nOver time, Higgins became good friends with Marion and eventually part of her inner circle of close friends. In 1918, Marion was invited by the Women's Horticultural Association of Victoria to give a lecture of which Lady Stanley, Mrs Arthur Tuckett and Higgins were the patronesses.\nHer biggest project and the one closest to the principles she learnt at Burnley regarding learning how to grow fruit and vegetables, inspired by Warwick Farm, was the establishment of the Women's Rural Industries Co-operative farm in Mordialloc. It was part of the Closer Settlement Scheme, a Victorian Government incentive that arose after the 1890s depression had begun to ease and the demand for agricultural land increased. Unfortunately, most of the good farming land had been acquired by squatters or free selectors. So in 1904, the State government decided in to buy back land from the large estates and break it up into smaller lots, offering to other people. The farm was 14 acres (5.5 hectares) and was between Lower Dandenong Road (North), Governor Road (South) and Boundary Road (West); there was no east boundary. The site was west of Woodlands Golf Course in White Street. Today this area is light industry.\nThere was great fanfare in the newsprint media of the time with articles in the metropolitan and local papers such as Western Mail (Perth), The Sydney Morning Herald and The Preston Leader (Melbourne) reporting her involvement. Several meetings were held in February and March 1915 in the meeting rooms of the Melbourne Town Hall, where women such as the Lady Mayoress (Chair), Vida Goldstein, Adela Pankhurst, Cecilia Ann John, Bertha Merfield, and Mary Eliza Fullarton met to formulate their ideas. They decided to start a co-operative where women and girls who weren't interested in being maids or working in factories and wanted to work in the rural industries could learn skills that would help them get a job. According to the gossip journal Table Talk (8 April 1915) the co-op required \u00a3300 to begin with and then needed to raise between \u00a3700 and \u00a31000 for the first years' upkeep. To raise this cash it was set up as a Co-operative where people could buy shares at a \u00a31.00 each. Some notable purchasers of shares were Lady Allen, Lady Creswell and Dr Lilian Alexander.\nThe scheme had the support of Mr Pescott the Principal of the Burnley School of Horticulture. He felt they could start by growing flowers for decoration, seedlings and bulbs, as well as small fruit plants like strawberries, cape gooseberries and raspberries to make jam, which they then could sell. As they become more experienced they could go out and earn money by giving garden advice.\nOnly women would be allowed to work on the farm and the idea was to start with six women. Cecilia John taught the women about poultry and Higgins instructed them on horticultural issues. There were no fees to pay and the trainees received a home and some pocket money. There was a strong belief that the farm couldn't fail as they were close to the markets of Melbourne making it easy to sell their produce. However it did fail and the reasons could have been many. The First World War had started, the state government reneged on the promise of some of the infrastructure, such as sealed roads, or providing enough equipment. Also, as the unmarried sister, it was Higgins' job to nurse her ailing mother Anne, who died in 1917 and she therefore wasn't able to spend as much time at the farm as she would have liked.\nHiggins last project was writing an article entitled Women and Horticulture for The Centenary Gift Book (1934), which celebrated the first one hundred years of settlement in Victoria. It was a celebration of women's pioneering spirit and contribution. The idea for a book was Frances Fraser's, who was also a PLC student and later returned there as a teacher. The editors were Frances and Nettie Palmer, Ina Higgins' niece. Many well known women of the time contributed: Mary Grant Bruce, Anna T. Brennan, Henrietta C. Walker, Jeanie Gunn (Mrs Aeneas Gunn), Henry Handel Richardson, Katharine Susannah Prichard, Mary E. Fullerton and Edna Walling.\nHiggins mixed, met and worked with some amazingly talented people many with forward ideas, who were feminists and had socialist leanings such as Vida Goldstein, Hyde Champion, Alice Henry, Adela Pankhurst, Cecilia Anne John, Walter and Marion Griffin, Henry George (friend of Henry Higgins) Mary Eliza Fullerton, Miles Franklin, Katharine Susannah Prichard and Charles Bogue Luffman. Other well known people were Lady Talbot, Lady Stanley, Dr Springthorpe, Nettie Palmer, Frances Fraser, William Guilfoyle and Dame Nellie Melba a former PLC student.\nWhat is amazing about Higgins is that she had the courage to stand up against the pressure to conform to the social norm of women not being able to vote, not having their own financial independence and having to stay home to look after the family. Her stance against this social oppression was at a time when women were not encouraged much passed sixth grade at school, let alone to go onto university or out to work with strangers and earn their own money.\nShe never married, living in the family home Killenna in Malvern until she died in 1948 and is buried in the St Kilda cemetery. Sometime after her friend Vida Goldstein became a Christian Scientist (1903-04), Higgins converted too. She was a quiet achiever, the person who worked behind the scenes, carrying out the secretarial duties and not attracting attention to herself. She strongly believed that the only way to end oppression of women was to end the economic and cultural sources of women being dependent on men. Her horticultural career allowed her to follow her interests as well as other women to follow in her footsteps. It is a great pity there are only fragments of the gardens she designed left. Arguably, if Higgins had been a man her legacy would be better known.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/that-dangerous-and-persuasive-woman-vida-goldstein\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/plc-melbourne-the-first-century-1875-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ladies-came-to-stay-a-study-of-the-education-of-girls-at-the-presbyterian-ladies-college-melbourne-1875-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/h-b-higgins-the-rebel-as-judge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centenary-gift-book\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grand-obsessions-the-life-and-work-of-walter-burley-griffin-and-marion-mahony-griffin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/green-grows-our-garden-a-centenary-history-of-horticultural-education-at-burnley\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-horticulturalists-association-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-rural-industries\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-farm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-title-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-rural-industries-co\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-time-ina-higgins-nettie-palmer-and-aileen-palmer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charles-bogue-luffman-part-two-the-burnley-years-1897-1908\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horticulture-for-ladies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/various-views\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/higgins-frances-georgina-ina-1860-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-uneasy-profession-defining-the-landscape-architect-in-australia-1912-1972\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invisible-pankhurst-a-study-of-the-life-of-adela-pankhurst\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nettie-palmer-australian-women-and-writing-1885-1925\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-landscape-architecture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patchwork-new-series\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-souvenir-catalogue\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alice-henry-1873-1943\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-henry-higgins-1840-1976-bulk-1841-1929-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/student-record-higgins-frances-georgina-watts\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bonney, Nora Winifred", "Entry ID": "AWE5683", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bonney-nora-winifred\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Lindfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer", "Summary": "Nora Winifred Bonney, daughter of Mr Justice Reginald Schofield Bonney of the New South Wales Supreme Court and Lillian Bonney (nee Butler), attended Abbotsleigh Church of England School for Girls and then studied as an evening student at the University of Sydney where she excelled in History and French. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1945. In 1946, she was secretary of the Kuring-gai branch of the Australian Communist Party. She was admitted to the New South Wales Bar on Friday 8 February 1957 but did not practise as a barrister.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cohen, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE5782", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cohen-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commissioner, Judge, Lawyer, Teacher", "Summary": "Judith Cohen was the first female commissioner of the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, appointed in 1975.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/formidable-trailblazer-in-arbitration-judith-jacqueline-cohen-ao-lawyer-teacher-judge-7-2-1926-10-5-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judith-cohen-interviewed-by-ruth-campbell-in-the-law-in-australian-society-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Daly, Fay", "Entry ID": "AWE5795", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daly-fay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New South Wales?, Australia", "Death Place": "Frankston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer", "Summary": "Fay Daly signed the Victorian Bar Roll in 1970 and Eva Selig was her pupil. She was a stenographer before coming to the bar.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Whelan, Dominica", "Entry ID": "AWE5934", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whelan-dominica\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leeton, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commissioner, Judge, Lawyer", "Summary": "Dominica Whelan was a Judge of the Federal Circuit Court, former Commissioner of Fair Work Australia, and former industrial officer, with lifelong commitments to feminism, labour law and equitable access to justice.\n", "Details": "Dominica Mary Whelan was born on 10 May 1954 in Leeton NSW, one of ten children. She completed her Bachelor of Arts and Law Degree at the University of New South Wales, one of only three women, together with Pat O'Shane and Sue Walpole, in her law school class. Dominica was awarded the Dean of the Law School scholarship for postgraduate studies and, in 1976-77, worked as the Associate to Justice Elizabeth Evatt, then Chief Judge of the Family Court of Australia, conducting research for the Royal Commission on Human Relationships and the Family Law Council. Also in 1977, Dominica was admitted as a Barrister to the Supreme Court of NSW.\nIn 1978, Dominica moved to Melbourne to take up a position as a tutor with the Faculty of Law at Monash University. She was also admitted that year as a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Victoria. At Monash University, as well as tutoring in Family and Constitutional Law, and teaching Professional Practice, Dominica designed, taught and assessed students in a new course, Law of Employment. She would later complete a Masters of Law in labour relations law at the University of Melbourne in 2002, and contribute to the Law Institute of Victoria's specialist accreditation program in workplace relations law.\nEquitable access to justice was a passionate lifelong commitment for Dominica, and concurrent with her teaching duties, she helped establish the Doveton Legal Service Cooperative. Between 1978 and 1980, she worked as a solicitor for the Fitzroy Legal Service.\nIn 1982, Dominica worked as an industrial research officer with the Australian Public Services Association, before commencing, in 1985, a position at the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) as an affirmative action officer. With the mainstreaming of family and affirmative action policies, Dominica moved into an industrial officer role, promoting affirmative action as part of a broader industrial relations agenda. She was, together with Jan Marsh and Jenny Acton, among the first women to establish themselves and succeed as industrial advocates. Dominica made an outstanding contribution to the development of the model clause for persons with disabilities to assist them to move into open employment, and played a role in assisting in the development of new standards under the Disability Discrimination Act. Dominica described her work on the introduction of a supported wage systems for workers with disabilities, and the high level of consensus achieved between employer and employee peak councils in this process, as among the proudest achievements of her time at the ACTU.\nConcurrent with her work at the ACTU, Dominica held the following appointments:\n\nCommissioner of Comcare, with the Commission for the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation of Commonwealth Employees\nMember of Australia\/China Council, 1989-94, participating in two delegations to China (one with Gough and Margaret Whitlam)\nMember, Social Security Advisory Council.\n\nIn 1995, Dominica was appointed as a member of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) and, from 2009, a Commissioner of Fair Work Australia. As a Commissioner, Dominica earned a reputation as an effective, fair and balanced decision-maker. She was a firm believer in litigation as a last resort, and was highly effective in alternative dispute resolution. During her time with the AIRC, from 2004-2006, she also chaired the Victorian Gender Pay Equity Working Party.\nIn 2010, Dominica accepted an invitation by the Attorney General to join the Federal Magistrates Court. When the institution was upgraded to a full Court, Dominica became a Judge of the Federal Circuit Court. She was highly respected as a Judge. With a reputation for being knowledgeable, hard-working, unfailingly polite but always in control, she inspired confidence in those who appeared before her. She served as a member of the Policy Advisory Committee, and also as a member of the Indigenous Access Committee, being a strong supporter of the Court's Reconciliation Action Plan aimed at improving access to justice for Indigenous people.\nOutside of the law, Dominica was actively involved in education and in the arts. From 1989-91, she was a member of Footscray Institute of Technology Council; and between 1993 and 2003, she chaired the Workplace Studies Centre Advisory Committee at Victoria University. From 1989-1992, she was chairperson of the Melbourne Fringe Festival. From 1994-97, she was a member of the Australia Council for the Arts; and from 2005-07, a director of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. She was also a member of the Collingwood Industrial Magpies, sponsors of Indigenous Australian Rules team, the Yuendumu Magpies.\nHer Honour Judge Whelan died of cancer on 17 February 2016. She is survived by her partner Tony Bradford and their daughter Georgia. The Dominica Whelan Endowment, administered under the auspices of Victoria University, was established in her memory to support the delivery of accessible, affordable legal services to disadvantaged women, particularly Indigenous women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moore, Mina Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE5970", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-mina-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wanui, New Zealand", "Death Place": "Croydon, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Mina Moore was a successful photographer who worked initially in New Zealand and then in Sydney and Melbourne. Together with her sister the she specialised in portraits of prominent people and artists, including society\/celebrity portraits, with some wedding and children's portraits. Mina Moore later set up her own studio in Melbourne and utilised unconventional backdrops, such as untreated hessian.\n", "Details": "Mina Moore was a highly successful photographer working in Melbourne, and like her sister, May Moore, she specialised in portraits of prominent people including those from the art world.\nShe was born on 6 October 1882 in Wainui, New Zealand, one of seven children (May being the eldest and Mina the second eldest daughter). Their father, Robert Walter Moore, was an English immigrant who was a timber cutter and farmer, and their mother was Sarah Jane, n\u00e9e Hellyer. The couple were not wealthy but were able to save enough money to purchase a small property in Wainui, a small farming settlement just north of Auckland, in which to settle and raise a family. Prior to this they had lived in various forestry camps.\nMina had no art school training but worked as a teacher in a country school, which was situated near their home. In 1907 she travelled to Australia, visiting Sydney and Melbourne, taking with her the Box Brownie camera that she had borrowed from a relative. During this trip her interest in photography was ignited. She later recalled her wonderment at being in a friend's darkroom in Footscray and seeing film being processed: 'I was tremendously interested. Five years later I returned to Melbourne and opened a photographic studio in the newly built J. & N. Tait Auditorium Buildings in Collins Street' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 23).\nWhen Mina returned to New Zealand she did not return to her work as a teacher. Instead, she decided to pursue her interest in photography. At this time the Alexander Orr studio in Wellington was being sold and the two sisters bought it from him for \u00a3170, quite a large amount of money at the time. Prior to the Alexander Orr studio's departure, May was able to learn camera-handling skills from the staff and Mina learned the printing process, all in a space of six weeks.\nBoth sisters were deeply interested in theatre, and some of their early work was of 'costume studies' for theatre companies. Their first major assignment was photographing the entire cast of an American theatre company that was visiting New Zealand at the time.\nIn 1911 Mina joined May in Sydney. Much of the work they did here was co-signed 'May and Mina Moore,' and it has been suggested that the sisters may have had an agreement to share their success together. They went on to develop a distinctive style and a reputation for producing high quality portraiture. Initially, they could not afford to rent large, light-filled studio spaces with glass walls and roofs (as was the practice of at the time) and had to make do with the limited light available to them from windows. As Jack Cato explains, this resulted in photographs that 'were in low key, with a strong light on one side of the face and strong shadow on the other. It was the light Rembrandt used for his paintings and was particularly suitable for men' (Cato 130).\nMina moved to Melbourne in April 1913 and set up a studio of her own. It has been suggested that there may have been some conflict between the sisters, although May assisted Mina make the move (Australian Gallery Directors Council 23). She quickly established herself in Melbourne, initially knowing only the musician Fritz Hart and Mrs Hart. One of her early commissions was to photograph the members of the Quinlan Grand Opera Company. The studio she established did not utilise any props and her backdrops were made of untreated hessian, unlike the conventional painted backdrops that were popular at the time. Mina worked with a freelance female journalist in 1913, and utilised the relaxing environment of her studio to conduct interviews and photo sessions.\nIn 1914, with the outbreak of the War, both May and Mina produced hundreds of portraits of young soldiers before they set off for the battlefields in North Africa and Europe. Like her sister May, Mina would take the time to familiarise herself with her sitters, trying to put them at ease, a personal quality that helps account for the appeal of their photographs.\nAll of Mina's professional work was completed in studio settings and she was not known to photograph outdoors. Her last major commission involved the photographing of the Shell Oil Company's employees. She printed the photographs taken by interstate photographers of employees from their states, and compiled a single volume which was finally completed in 1927.\nOn 20 December 1916 she married William Tainsh, a poet and executive of an oil company. In 1918 she gave birth to her first child (she had three children in total). Although her interest in photography had not abated, her family's needs took precedence and she decided to devote herself to bringing up her children. She later said of her decision: 'I had to choose between caring for a baby daughter and paying someone else to do so while I went to business \u2026.' (Australian Gallery Directors Council 24), and so it was that in she sold her Melbourne studio to the Melbourne photographer Ruth Hollick.\nMina and her family moved to Warrandyte later that year and she established friendships with the artists Clara Southern, Jo Sweatman, Penleigh Boyd and Jessie Traill. They moved again in 1922 to Croydon and it was here on 30 January 1957 that Mina eventually died aged 75.\nCollections\nArt Gallery of New South Wales\nArt Gallery of South Australia\nGrainger Museum, University of Melbourne\nLa Trobe Collection, State Library of Victoria\nMacleay Photograph Collection, Macleay Museum Collection, NSW\nThe Shaw Research Gallery, National Gallery of Victoria\nNational Gallery of Australia\n", "Events": "Mina Moore exhibited her painted miniatures at the NSW Society of Women Painters (1899 - ) \nMina Moore featured in Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981) \nMina Moore featured in New Zealand International Exhibition (1907 - 1907) \nMina Moore was featured in The Reflecting Eye: Portraits of Australian Visual Artists (1996 - 1996) \nWas active as a professional photographer (1911 - 1927)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-c-1916\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-an-actress\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annie-may-and-mina-moore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australians-behind-the-camera-directory-of-early-australian-photographers-1841-to-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mirror-with-a-memory-photographic-portraiture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/i-was-only-a-maid-the-life-of-a-remarkable-woman-may-moore-reminiscences-of-may-moore-as-related-to-members-of-her-family-and-to-her-friends\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-the-picket-fence-australian-womens-art-in-the-national-librarys-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-story-of-the-camera-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-pictures-australian-pictorial-photography-as-art-1897-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-reflecting-eye-portraits-of-australian-visual-artists\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-annie-may-1881-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/versatile-may-moore-photographs-miniatures-and-domesticity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-moore-and-mina-moore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-moore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-first-for-women-photographers-in-australia-quick-thinking-and-ladders-got-the-top-shots\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-moore-australian-and-new-zealand-art-files\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-may-photography-related-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Michaelis, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE5981", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/michaelis-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dzieditz, Poland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Painter, Photographer", "Summary": "Margaret Michaelis was a professional photographer who specialised in documentary photography, portraiture and dance photography. She trained in Vienna before living in Prague, Berlin and then Spain, associating with anarchic and other left-wing groups. Many of Michaelis' European photographs documented everyday life in order to encourage progressive social critique. Michaelis fled Europe on the cusp of WW2 and eventually made her home in Sydney, Australia. Her photography in Australia was mainly studio portraiture, with a clientele of Jewish \u00e9migr\u00e9s and members of the art community. Michaelis made use of natural light and natural poses in order to explore the psychological states of her subjects.\n", "Details": "Margaret Michaelis was a professional photographer who specialised in documentary photography, portraiture and dance photography.\nMargaret Gross was born on 6 April 1902 in Dzieditz, Poland, of Jewish parents Heinrich Gross, a doctor, and his wife Fanni, n\u00e9e Robinsohn. She trained at Graphische Lehr und Versuchsanstalt, Vienna, Austria (Institute of Graphic Arts and Research) from 1917-1921. She began her career in photography working in a number of Viennese studios, including Studio d'Ora of Madame D'Ora, initially as a retoucher before working as a fully-fledged photographer.\n1928 saw her living in Prague, before moving to Berlin the following year along with Rudolph Michaelis, an archaeological restorer and an anarchist, whom she eventually married in 1933. With Hitler's rise to power, the couple spent several short spells in jail and upon being finally released they left Berlin and headed to Barcelona. She opened up a photography studio there, which she called 'foto-elis.' It was situated on the Avenue Republica Argentina. Her Spanish photographs are marked by her predilection for depicting people who were socially engaged and in outdoor settings. They were also made using natural light. During this period she also documented a proposed redevelopment of a slum area in Barcelona for a group of progressive architects, the GATCPAC (Grupo de Artistas y T\u00e9cnicos Espa\u00f1oles Para la Arquitectura Contempor\u00e1nea), which had associations with Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier.\nWhen the couple divorced in November 1937, Margaret Michaelis left Barcelona, heading firstly to France and then Bielsko, Poland, to visit her parents. In Poland she went to Cracow and photographed the Jewish ghetto. From there in December 1938, she managed to get a visa enabling her to travel and work in the UK where she worked as a domestic servant until she was granted a visa to migrate to Australia.\nMichaelis arrived in Sydney on 2 September 1939 and the following year opened her own 'Photo-studio' on the seventh floor of the building at 11 Castlereagh Street. She promoted herself as a photographer of 'Home' portraits, gardens and interiors. However, she was largely known for her portraiture and dance photography working mainly with the Bodenwieser Company. Many of her clients were of European and Jewish background, as well as those connected with the arts.\nHer photographs were noted for her ability to capture the inner character and uniqueness of her sitters. 'She believed that a portrait should reflect the soul of the sitter and wanted to capture the essence of her subject's personality rather than a superficial likeness' (Ennis, Heritage 59). Her portrait of Cynthia Nolan (n\u00e9e Reed), c. 1948, is a perfect example of her style. Nolan's face is centrally positioned in the composition, her eyes stare directly at the camera, as she sits leaning back against a chair, one arm diagonally raised over her head. The effect is such that the onlooker is drawn towards the face and eyes.\nIn 1941 she became a member of the Professional Photographers Associations of New South Wales and Australia. She was also a member of the Institute of Photographic Illustrators - the only female member. During the war years she was placed under surveillance by the Australian government during WW2, but she continued to work and was naturalised in 1945. By 1952 her eyesight was failing and she had to close her studio. She began working instead as a typist for the social workers Richard Hauser and Hephzibah Menuhin. She married Albert George Sachs in 1960 and the couple moved to Melbourne, where they operated a framing business. Her husband died in 1965, at which point she closed the business. Margaret Michaelis-Sachs travelled extensively in Europe and Asia during the late 1960s and '70s. Her focus shifted to drawing and painting and in 1978 while she was studying painting with Erica McGilchrist, she contributed one of her drawings to the Women's Art Forum Annual..\nMargaret Michaelis-Sachs died in 1985.\nCollections\nArt Gallery of South Australia\nJewish Museum of Australia, Melbourne\nNational Gallery of Australia,\nNational Library of Australia\nState Library of Victoria\n", "Events": "Margaret Michaelis, Fotografia, Vanguardia y Politica en la Barcelona de la Republica exhibition (1998 - 1998) \nMargaret Michaelis's work appeared in the Women's Art Forum Annual (1978 - 1978) \nMargaret Michaelis's work featured in Australian Women Photographers 1850-1954, (1981 - 1981) \nMargaret Michaelis's work featured in Mirror with a Memory: Photographic Portraiture in Australia exhibition. (2000 - 2000) \nMargaret Michaelis's work featured in The Reflecting Eye: Portraits of Australian Visual Artists. (1996 - 1996) \nSolo exhibition at the Jewish Museum of Australia (1987 - 1987)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mirror-with-a-memory-photographic-portraiture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blue-hydrangeas-four-emigre-photographers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-reflecting-eye-portraits-of-australian-visual-artists\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-michaelis-exhibition-room-brochure\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-michaelis-love-loss-and-photography-exhibition-7-may-14-august-2005-national-gallery-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-michaelis-sachs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-michaelis-love-loss-and-photography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/architecture-photography-and-gendered-modernities-in-1930s-barcelona\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-michaelis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kissing-mrs-sachs-review-essay-examination-of-the-european-emigre-photographers-experience-with-cultural-translation-in-adapting-subject-matter-to-an-australian-setting\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-michaelis-sachs-archive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-michaelis-australian-art-and-artists-file\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/michaelis-margaret-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Shannessy, Emily Florence Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE5983", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oshannessy-emily-florence-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballinsloe, Ireland", "Death Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Emily O'Shannessy was a professional portrait photographer during the mid to late nineteenth century in Melbourne. In 1864 she went into partnership with Henry Johnstone, regarded as Melbourne's best photographer of the time. The Johnstone and O'Shannessy Studio emphasised realism rather than artistic manipulation. Their commissions ranged from inexpensive 'cartes-de-visite' portraits to large-scale photographs, including one of Australia's first Prime Minister, Edmund Barton. The studio specialised in coloured, plain, and mezzotint portraits. O'Shannessey's 'Cartes-de-visite' photographs took the form of albumen prints mounted on cards.\n", "Details": "Miss Emily O'Shannessy worked as a professional portrait photographer in the mid to late nineteenth century. She initially operated her own studio, but then went into partnership with the photographer Henry Johnstone and together they established the very successful Johnstone and O'Shannessy Studio, which photographed prominent figures of Melbourne. Little is known about O'Shannessey's life prior to her involvement in photography, other than the fact that she was born in Ballinasloe, Ireland in the late 1840s. In 1862 she opened a studio at 18-20 Madeleine Street Carlton, Melbourne, then in 1864 went into partnership with Johnstone, whom Jack Cato refers to as 'Melbourne's best photographer' (Cato 105). They took over the Duryea and Macdonald Studio, which was situated next to the post office. With Johnstone being an Anglican and O'Shannessy a Catholic, together they were able to attract clientele from both denominations.\nThe Johnstone and O'Shannessy Studio was known for its high standard of portraiture, with its emphasis on realism rather than artistic effects. Their commissions ranged from inexpensive 'cartes-de-visite' portraits, which were pasted onto small cards, to large-scale photographs - the photograph of Australia's first Prime Minister Edmund Barton being one such example. The studio specialised in coloured, plain and 'mezzotint' photographic portraits, some of which were displayed at the 1866 Melbourne Intercolonial Exhibition, their excellence winning the studio a medal. In 1869 they exhibited a large photograph of the Duke of Edinburgh, which was coloured with watercolours, at the 1869 Melbourne Public Library Exhibition. It was enlarged, printed and hand-coloured by O'Shannessy.\nIn the period 1870-1880 the Johnstone and O'Shannessy Studio was considered the best in Australia (Cato), as indicated by the fact that it was selected to participate in the London International Exhibition 1872-73 at the Exhibition Building in Melbourne.\nO'Shannessy and Johnstone established themselves as the prominent society photographers of their time, becoming the official photographers to H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh, K.C. and to His Excellency the Governor. Despite the firm's new name and O'Shannessy's equal partnership in the business, she was almost always listed as working for Johnstone. Moreover, her surname was consistently misspelt in exhibition catalogues, reviews and other contemporary records. Only in 1868-69 was the Johnstone-O'Shannessy partnership listed as 'Mrs E.F.K. O'Shannessy,' of Fitzroy. This downplaying of her role continued into the twentieth century; even the historians gave her little mention. Cato, for example, writes about the work of Henry Johnstone, but he makes little mention of Miss O'Shannessy in The Story of the Camera in Australia.\nEmily O'Shannessy married the photographer George Henry Massey Hasler in 1871 and soon after left the studio. The couple had two daughters: Ethel Maud and Muriel. Her husband George took over the studio operations so Emily could look after the children. In 1885 the studio, which she had started moved to larger, architecturally designed studios in Collins Street, was considered the most luxuriously appointed studio in Melbourne (Lewis).\nTechnical\nO'Shannessey's 'Cartes-de-visite' photographs took the form of albumen prints mounted on cards.\nCollections\nJohnstone, O'Shannessy and Co. - Carte de visite photographs. Royal Society of Tasmania, University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Materials Collection\nNational Library of Australia\nState Library of Victoria\nUniversity of Melbourne Archives\n", "Events": "Emily O'Shannessy's work featured in Beyond the Picket Fence (1995 - 1995) \nEmily O'Shannessy's work featured in The London International Exhibition 1872-73 (1872 - 1873)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-the-picket-fence-australian-womens-art-in-the-national-librarys-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-story-of-the-camera-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mechanical-eye-in-australia-photography-1841-1900\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-most-luxuriously-furnished-salon-in-melbourne-johnstone-oshannessys-1885-studio\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chinnery, Sarah", "Entry ID": "AWE5987", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chinnery-sarah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Sarah Chinnery was an amateur photographer known for her unique ethnographic photography of the Indigenous peoples of New Guinea, where she lived between 1921-1937. Despite the challenges she faced developing film in the tropics, Chinnery had many of her photographs published in the press, including the New York Times. Later in Australia the focus of Chinnery's photography shifted to portraits of artists and floral studies.\n", "Details": "Sarah Chinnery was known for her ethnographic photographs of the Indigenous peoples of New Guinea as well as portraits of artists, flower studies and people living in Melbourne.\nShe was born in 1887 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. One of a large family of ten children, her mother died when she was around six years old and her father remarried. At the age of thirteen, she went to live in Aylesbury, England, where she kept house for her three brothers, all of whom were dentists. One of her brothers gave her a 'Little Nipper' camera as a gift when she was fourteen years old and so began her interest in photography.\nShe owned a motorbike - the 'second woman in England to have one' (Australian Gallery Directors' Council 11) - which she rode in the search of subjects to photograph. These encompassed landscapes, architecture, character portraits and photographs of working people. Chinnery joined three postal camera clubs (members mailed their photographs to each other as well as entered competitions) and won a number of prizes. When she was in her twenties she considered becoming a professional photographer but instead chose to study dentistry, following in her brothers' footsteps. She took over the management of one of her brothers' dental surgeries after he enlisted to fight in WW1.\nIn April 1919 Sarah married E. W. Pearson Chinnery (nickname 'Chin'), an Australian anthropology student. They lived in England while he completed his dissertation under the eminent anthropologist A.C. Haddon at Cambridge University. During the period 1919-1920, she studied town planning at Cambridge, where she also joined the Cambridge Camera Club and attended lectures on anthropology. The couple moved to Australia in 1921, and Sarah took lessons in watercolour tinting from Mrs Barlow as well as instruction in oil painting from Bernaldo. Later in the same year they moved to New Guinea, remaining there until 1937. Her husband had been hoping to secure the position of Government Anthropologist, having previously served there in 1909 as a clerk and then a patrol officer. He was eventually appointed to a government anthropological position after initially serving with a mining company.\nDuring the 16 years spent in New Guinea, Sarah gave birth to four daughters. She also did much travelling locally, unaccompanied by her husband, including voyages to Port Moresby, Salamaua, Madang, the Wau goldfields, and the Ramu and Sepik Rivers, where she would photograph the landscape and the Indigenous people within their own environment. Unlike many ethnographic photographs of the period, her photographs were not staged; rather, they 'displayed respect, sympathy and excitement for her subjects' (Hall 138). They were 'strong and clearly made photographs, full of atmosphere, taken to her own standards and liking. They were also photographs of \"natives,\" more than individual people going about their day's work' (Australian Gallery Directors' Council 12). It was while the family was living in Port Moresby in 1921 that Sarah began keeping a diary, and she continued the practice intermittently until the family left Rabaul at the end of 1937.\nChinnery never exhibited her work but many of her photographs were published in numerous newspapers, some accompanying articles that she had written describing her life in New Guinea. These included The New York Times weekend supplement in 1935; in Melbourne The Herald and The Star; in Sydney,The Sun; in Brisbane The Courier-Mail and The Sunday Mail. Weather conditions in New Guinea made it difficult for Chinnery to develop her negatives and print her photographs. 'At ten in the morning, it was too hot and the film melted in places; at night, the water is so warm you could take a bath in it' (Australian Gallery Directors' Council 12).\nIn 1939, her husband was seconded from New Guinea to head up a new department of native affairs in the Northern Territory, so the family moved back to Australia. He retired from this position in 1946 and took up the role of Australian adviser at the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations. In 1947, he retired from this role and he and Sarah moved to Melbourne. Once settled in Melbourne, Sarah Chinnery's work shifted to photographing artists, flower studies and people she saw in the street. She was friendly with many artists and craftspeople: Ellis Rowan (watercolour painter), Hans Heyson, Justus Jorgenson, Matcham Skipper, Esther Patterson, Violet McInnes, Mirka Mora, David Boyd, Gertrude Johnstone (founder of the National Theatre) and the photographer Julian Smith.\nSarah Chinnery died in 1970.\nHer husband's photographs related to his work as an anthropologist and government official and were made in the Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown tradition, but Sarah Chinnery's photographs are far more diverse in subject matter and style, with some even being fine examples of Pictorialism. The National Gallery of Australia holds 329 photographs and 1489 negatives by her. The photographs that date from before WW1 record English scenes and country people. The Papua New Guinea photographs feature airfields, villages, houses, house posts, canoes, outriggers, markets, dances, trees, flowers, Rabaul Harbour, visits to Wau (1933), Salamaua (1933) and the Sepik (1935), the volcanic eruption at Rabaul (1937) and many villagers, servants and other Indigenous peoples. The collection includes portraits of notable anthropologists, such as Gregory Bateson, Raymond Firth, A.C. Haddon, A.R. Radcliffe Brown, W.H.R. Rivers, Margaret Mead, G. Elliott Smith and F.E. Williams. There are also portraits of the Chinnery children, and artists and writers who lived at Montsalvat, Melbourne streetscapes, landscapes, and flowers and other still life photographs.\nTechnical\nIn New Guinea she used an early roll-camera, a Rolleicord, in the mid-thirties, and a Sinclair Una plate camera (3 and a quarter x 4 and a quarter), which she used to photograph the first session of the New Guinea Legislative Council.\nCollections\nSarah Chinnery Photographic Collection of New Guinea, England and Australia, 1900, National Library of Australia\n", "Events": "Sarah Chinnery's work featured in Australian Women Photographers 1840-1950 (1981 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diaries-of-sarah-chinnery-1920-1937\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/malaguna-road-the-papua-and-new-guinea-diaries-of-sarah-chinnery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sarah-chinnery-photographic-collection-of-new-guinea-england-and-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-first-for-women-photographers-in-australia-quick-thinking-and-ladders-got-the-top-shots\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scrapbook-of-newspaper-clippings-relating-to-new-guinea-and-the-chinnery-family-picture-sarah-chinnery\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St John, Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE6001", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-john-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Dorothy St John was an amateur photographer who was trained by her father, a street photographer. Her photographs record the everyday life in rural Western Australia.\n", "Details": "Dorothy St John was born in 1907 to William St John and Catherine St John. She developed an interest in photography at an early age and was taught by her father who, on his return from the Boer War, worked as a street photographer in Perth. Her mother was skilled in needlework and this may well have influenced Dorothy in her own work.\nDorothy brought her own camera, a Kodak Brownie Junior 6-20 and a developing\/printing kit out of her own savings when she was fifteen years old.\nIn 1911 the family moved to Ongerup, near Albany, WA, where under the Closer Settlement Scheme they were able to buy land. The whole family worked hard to build up a farm that they named 'Hazelwood.' St. John recalled that '[t]here were so few interests in Ongerup. Perhaps the best memories \u2026were all the annual picnics at Easter and Christmas when all the settlers in the area would gather' (Hall 33).\nPhotography was an expressive outlet for St John; using her camera, Dorothy recorded the world around her, the land, life on the farm, and social events such as the Christmas and Easter annual picnics.\nIn 1926, Dorothy St John left Hazelwood at the age of 19, hoping to head to New Zealand. However, with the onset of the Depression the family lost the farm, so St John stayed in Australia (remaining in Melbourne) and gave up photography.\nTechnical\nDorothy St John used a Kodak Brownie Junior 6-20 and a developing\/printing kit.\nCollections\nPrivate Collections\nToowoomba Camera Club collection, John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland\n", "Events": "Active as amateur photographer (1922 - 1926)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nash-Boothby, Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6002", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nash-boothby-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Camden, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Elizabeth Nash-Boothby was a professional photographer known for her portraiture studies and her high society clientele.\n", "Details": "Elizabeth Nash-Boothby was born c.1890 into a middle class Methodist family of six girls and three boys, in Camden, NSW. She did not like being called Alma and was nicknamed 'Gran' by her brother due to her quiet and sedate manner (Marshal 1), as well as her 'stately airs' (Australian Women Photographers 24).\nInitially the family moved to Cootamundra where it became evident that she had above-average abilities and wanted to pursue a career as a musician, with an intention to study abroad. Her father did not believe in women furthering their education and her mother was not keen on her leaving, so the family moved to Sydney to provide her with greater opportunities as a musician as she was a talented piano player.\nDuring 1908-1909 Nash-Boothby travelled to Fiji to teach the girls in one of the mission stations. She kept a diary of her life there, recording her observations of the inequalities experienced by the natives, the Indian Fijians and the collies. She was particularly concerned by the exploitation of women. She returned to Fiji in 1910 and was greatly influenced by the humane and farsighted opinions of Rev. J. W. Burton, who provided her with a solid grounding in politics and the economics of colonialism.\nOn her return to Sydney she was not satisfied with being a 'home girl' and wanted to pursue a career of her own. She moved to Melbourne where she trained as a portrait photographer at Mina Moore's studio in 1913 and also worked at Ruth Hollick's studio.\nNash-Boothby went on to set up her own studio, the Nash-Boothby Studio at 361 Collins Street, Melbourne, which attracted the 'cream of Melbourne society' as well as glamorous actors from J. & N. Tait Productions (Australian Women Photographers 24). She also took numerous photographs of soldiers who were heading off to war.\nShe was well known for her portraiture, which had been greatly influenced by her training with Mina Moore; it was said that her work was 'modern with crisper, cleaner outlines.' Her photographs appeared in magazines and newspapers of the time, including The Age, Table Talk, Punch, and The Argus; these were used as part of advertisements and to illustrate articles. They were also used in a number of publications of music scores.\nThe American actor Guy Bates Post, as well as Sara Allgood from Dublin's Abbey Theatre encouraged her to move to the USA, claiming her talents were being wasted in Australia. She had started making plans for her trip when she met Eric Marshall in 1916, and the following year, on 15 March 1917, they married. Nash-Boothby cancelled her travel plans, and the couple remained together for 47 years.\nSoon after her marriage she ceased her photographic work, settling in Camberwell, a leafy eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. Here, she turned her focus and energy into becoming an activist and socialist. She was a member in a number of community groups, assisting and organising the unemployed (in particular women) during the Depression. She was involved in advocating, and rallied against the Australian Government's post-war deportation of Indonesian nationals. Nash-Boothby also was actively involved in the foundation of the Australia-China Society.\nElizabeth Nash-Boothby died in 1964.\nCollections\nNational Gallery of Australia\nPart of Eric Milton Nicholls collection [picture]. [c.1910-1966] National Library of Australia http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.pic-vn3700063-s7 (Last accessed 7 Oct 2015)\n", "Events": "Elizabeth Nash-Boothby's work featured in Australian Women Photographers (1981 - 1981) \nElizabeth Nash-Boothby's work featured in Mirror with a Memory: Photographic Portraiture in Australia (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/that-soothing-serenade-was-just-written-for-me\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dumpty-deedle-dee-dum-dee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/by-the-big-blue-billabong-australian-rag\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-nash-boothby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mirror-with-a-memory-photographic-portraiture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/it-pays-to-be-white\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ferber, Helen Layton", "Entry ID": "AWE6038", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ferber-helen-layton\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian, Researcher, Social justice advocate, Women's rights activist, Writer", "Summary": "Helen Ferber's lifelong engagement with public affairs and social welfare, both in Australia and Europe, reflected her commitment to the common good. She began her working life in World War II, monitoring and translating enemy radio broadcasts for the Australian Short Wave Listening Post. After the war, her language skills, love of other cultures and strong sense of social justice led her to work with United Nations refugee agencies in Europe.\nIn 1948, Helen married David Ferber, US Vice Consul in Melbourne, and took up the work of a 'diplomatic wife'. In the mid 1950s the family returned to Australia and Helen spent much of her time caring for their disabled son. During this period she undertook volunteer work with women's organisations in Melbourne, and rose rapidly to positions of authority.\nIn 1965 she took a part-time position with the Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research at the University of Melbourne. Initially employed to interview non-English-speaking households, she soon progressed to writing and editing reports, becoming the editor of the institute's publications and a respected writer on social policy. Throughout her life she developed and cherished many deep friendships and was both an inspiration and support to other women as they developed their skills and careers.\n", "Details": "Helen Ferber was born in Adelaide on 15th February 1919, the eldest daughter of Richard Francis Hockey and Kathleen Isabel Hockey (n\u00e9e Butler). Her grandfather, Sir Richard Butler, was a premier of South Australia, as was her uncle of the same name.\nFerber completed a BA at Melbourne University in 1939, majoring in French and German. During a gap year in 1938, she completed a teaching diploma at Munich University and a course in Italian at Perugia University. She described her time in the tense atmosphere of pre-war Munich in a memoir published in Meanjin in 2006.\nDuring World War II she worked as an interpreter for the Department of the Army, censoring foreign language mail, and later for the Australian Department of Information Shortwave Listening Post, monitoring enemy broadcasts in German, French and Italian.\nAfter the war she worked with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, firstly in the UNRRA Yugoslav Mission, later with refugees in the UNRRA Displaced Persons Headquarters in Paris and Berlin. She wrote the official history of the Yugoslav Mission. She also worked with the Preparatory Commission of the International Refugee Organization in Geneva. In 1945 she investigated and reported to the International Federation of University Women on the postwar situation of the Yugoslav and Czechoslovak federations.\nIn 1948, Ferber married an American diplomat, David Ferber. Travelling with David, she undertook a series of lectures across Victoria, seeking support for a United Nations appeal to help displaced children in Europe. Further diplomatic postings took the Ferber family to America and the Philippines. They returned to Melbourne in 1953, and Helen spent the next decade raising two daughters, Jenny and Sarah, and a son, Michael. Michael suffered from severe disabilities and died in 1970, aged 19.\nHelen Ferber became actively involved with a number of women's organisations in Melbourne. She joined the Australian Federation of University Women-Victoria, becoming national Convenor of International Relations for AFUW in the late 1950s, and President of AFUW-Vic. in 1962. She was also an active member of the Melbourne Catalysts group and the Lyceum Club, becoming vice-president of the latter organisation. She also served on the Australian Broadcasting Commission's Victorian Talks Committee, and later its State Advisory Committee.\nIn 1965 Ferber took up a part-time position with the Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research at the University of Melbourne. She worked there until 1981, variously filling the positions of research fellow, business manager and editor of the institute's publications, including its journal, the Australian Economic Review. She contributed to ground-breaking study of Australian poverty, the 1975 Henderson Report, and authored a seminal engagement with public policy, Citizens' Advice and Aid Bureaux in Victoria.\nHelen Ferber also undertook autobiography and family history, writing a record of her experiences in America and Europe from letters she had written to family and friends, and publishing Stagecoach to Birdsville, an account of her grandparents' ill-fated 1894 journey to Birdsville. The breadth of her engagement with public life can probably be best gauged from the lengthy biographical interview recorded with her by the National Library in 2006.\nIn 2010 Helen Ferber was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM). The award was 'for service to the community, particularly as a social policy researcher and historian, and through contributions to the advancement of women'. She died in 2013. She was remembered in her obituary as 'a woman of action who was 'clear-eyed' but with a commitment to social justice'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-ferber-writer-historian-volunteer-woman-of-action-who-inspired-others\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-advice-bureau\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-advice-and-aid-bureaux-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stagecoach-to-birdsville\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/missives-from-munich\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/foreign-correspondence-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/czechoslovak-womens-organizations-at-the-end-of-world-war-ii-and-yugoslav-federation-of-university-women-december-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/public-expenditures-and-social-policy-in-australia-the-whitlam-years-1972-75\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/public-expenditures-and-social-policy-in-australia-the-first-fraser-years-1976-78\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diary-of-social-legislation-and-policy-1982\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-ferber-interviewed-by-susan-marsden-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gundolf, Cordelia", "Entry ID": "AWE6067", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gundolf-cordelia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Munich, Germany", "Death Place": "Benalla, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Teacher", "Details": "Cordelia Gundolf, who taught Italian, and headed the department from 1971 to 1982, had, like many immigrants to Australia, an extraordinary life. Her father, Friedrich Gundolf (1880-1931) was a renowned literary critic and university professor, her mother, Agathe Mallachow (1884-1983) a pianist. Brought up in the heart of the German cultural elite, she learned to speak English, French and Italian as a child. She also became very competent in Latin and Ancient Greek, Spanish, and taught herself to read Modern Greek, maintaining it was not very different from Ancient Greek, once one got the hang of it.\nWhen Hitler assumed power in Germany, her mother, conscious of the peril in which her Jewish father (even after his death) might place her, asked Albert Einstein for advice. They met in Paris and following his suggestion, mother and daughter went first to Capri, where they were used to spending the summer, and subsequently to Rome. In 1935 her Italian diary, Myrtles and Mice: leaves from the Italian diary of Cordelia Gundolf was published by John Murray.[1]\nCordelia Gundolf took her doctoral degree from Rome's La Sapienza University with a thesis on Germans in Naples in the 18th century. In 1944 she married Fred Manor and at the end of the War she was employed by the Allies translating German documents into Italian. Divorced and with two young children, she took up a lectureship in the newly-established Italian Department in 1960. The Age reported the arrival of a 'dark-haired, dark-eyed' new lecturer who 'has a quick, ready smile and speaks English in a series of quick, rapid phrases', noting also that she was bilingual in German and Italian and had translated a biography of Konrad Adenauer.[2] She continued to publish scholarly articles and translate books from both English and German into Italian, among them Friedrich Meinecke's Die Entstehung des Historismus.[3]\nCordelia Gundolf's principal interest lay in Italian literature rather than language teaching and her wide knowledge and approachability made her an engaging teacher. Both of her daughters are University of Melbourne alumnae. Olivia Manor took her BA in 1968 and DipEd in 1969. She taught Italian at a number of secondary schools for almost 40 years and, with her mother's help, published two Italian text books for junior and middle secondary school.[4] Delfina Manor graduated BA DipEd in 1974. She runs Good Reading Secondhand Books in Benalla.\n[1] Cordelia Gundolf. Myrtles and Mice: leaves from the Italian diary of Cordelia Gundolf. Translated by R.W. Reynolds. London: John Murray, 1935.\n[2] 'Translator is House Hunting'. Age. 14 April 1960: 6; Edgar Alexander. Adenauer e la Nuova Germania. Naples: Politica Popolare, 1959.\n[3] Friedrich Meinecke. Le Origini dello Storicismo. Florence: Sansoni, 1967.\n[4] Olivia Manor. Dimmi una Parola. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1983; Olivia Manor. Dimmi un'altra Parola: an intermediate Italian course. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1985.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Maughan, Monica", "Entry ID": "AWE6075", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maughan-monica\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nukualofa, Tongatapu, Tonga", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor", "Summary": "Monica Maughan's acting career spanned many media and genres, including stage, television, cinema, comedy, drama and ballet.\nThroughout her career she was awarded two 'Erik' awards, three Green Room Awards and two AFI awards.\n", "Details": "Monica Maughan, was born in Tonga, where her father, Harold Alfred Wood (1896-1989) was head of Tupou College at Nafualu, near Nuku'alofa, Tonga. He later became Principal of Methodist Ladies' College, Melbourne for almost thirty years. Her birth name was Monica Cresswell Wood.\nFew actors in Australia were better known in so many media and genres, covering stage, television and cinema, comedy, drama and ballet. Monica Maughan began her acting career while at the University of Melbourne, appearing with Barry Humphries, Robin Ramsay, Maggie Millar, Dennis Olsen, Germaine Greer and Richard Pratt. Her obituary in The Age noted that:\nThe multi-award-winning Maughan, whose more than 100 theatre credits cover just about every memorable play produced by Australia's leading theatre companies - plus nine stage plays in Britain - also appeared in four short films, 18 feature films, 42 television drama and comedy shows, and twice with the Australian Ballet.[1]\nShe took her BA in 1960 from the University of Melbourne and spent 1963 to 1968 in Britain, returning to a stellar performance in the first production of the newly-renamed Melbourne Theatre Company (formerly the Union Theatre Repertory Company) as Miss Jean Brodie. The role won her the first of two 'Erik' awards. This annual award is named in honour of Erich Kuttner, a German refugee actor who came to Australia in 1939. The second was awarded in 1971 for her performance as Anna Bowers in Three Months Gone by Donald Howarth. Monica Maughan's other awards included three Green Room Awards for best supporting actress, one for best actress and two AFI awards.\nHer television parts included roles in series on commercial television in The Box and Prisoner. The role of Monica McHugh in the ABC's The Damnation of Harvey McHugh won her a Silver Logie as Most Outstanding Actress in 1995. She toured Australia between 1988 and 1992 playing Miss Prism in the MTC production of The Importance of Being Earnest with Frank Thring, Geoffrey Rush and Ruth Cracknell. As well as appearing twice with the Australian Ballet she played the piano live on stage in Justin Fleming's award-winning Burnt Piano. One of her last and best-received cinema performances was in The Road to Nhill, the 1997 film directed by Sue Brooks.\n[1] Gerry Carman. \"Wonderful' Thespian a Real Trouper'. Age. 9 January 2010.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macartney, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE6092", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macartney-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Castle Bellingham, County Louth, Ireland", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist, Religious worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Jane Macartney was a well-respected and much-loved member of both Irish and Victorian society during the nineteenth century. She dedicated much of her time to working with the sick and poor and was involved in the establishment of an Orphan Asylum, the Carlton Refuge, the Melbourne Home and the Lying-In Hospital.\nJane was the wife of Hussey Burgh Macartney, the Dean of Melbourne from 1852 until his death in 1894.\n", "Details": "Jane Macartney was born on the 19th of January 1803 at Castle Bellingham in Ireland. Throughout her early life, Jane assisted in the establishment of a Girl's School in a nearby underprivileged area. Together with her friends she raised enough money to construct the school house, as well as provide a wage for additional teachers. In addition to teaching at the school, Jane also took the time to visit those less fortunate living in the neighbourhood.\nJane married her husband, Hussey Burgh Macartney, in March 1833. As a clergyman's wife she taught every week at the Sunday school and also continued to care for the poor.\nAfter ten years of married life in Ireland, and the birth of eight children the decision was made to make the move to Port Phillip, where some of Hussey's relatives already resided.\nJane once again taught in Sunday schools when the family reached Victoria; initially settling in Heidelberg, followed by Geelong, and finally moving back to Melbourne at the height of the gold rush.\nJane assisted with the establishment of an Orphan Asylum, the Carlton Refuge, the Melbourne Home and the Lying-In Hospital, at which she was a member of the committee. Jane and her daughters visited the Asylum and the Melbourne Hospital regularly until her busy schedule refrained her from doing so.\nOne nineteenth century newspaper reported: 'Ladies at the Orphan Asylum were often surprised that a woman beyond her eightieth year was able to travel so far and to take such a lively interest in all the details; but they did not know that, instead of returning home, she went straight to the Carlton Refuge, and ladies there, who wondered at the energy with which she entered into all the business presented to the committee, had little idea that her morning had been spent in exertions for another institution eight or nine miles away.'\nJane passed away at the Deanery in 1885. There were many obituaries published in the local newspapers and between three and four hundred people attended her funeral service.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jane-macartney-diaries-1859-sept-1884-1866-missing-or-not-complete\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macartney-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rodriguez, Judith Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE6131", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rodriguez-judith-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Poet", "Summary": "After completing a Master of Arts at Cambridge University, Judith Rodriguez taught English at La Trobe University from 1969 until 1985. In 1986 she was writer-in-residence at Rollins College, Florida. Judith took up a lectureship in writing at Victoria College in 1989 (which became part of Deakin University in 1993) where she continued to teach until her retirement in 2003.\nJudith published her first poetry collection in 1962 as part of Four Poets, with the others being David Malouf, Rodney Hall and Don Maynard. In 1973 she published her first solo collection, Nu-Plastik Fanfare Red: and other poems.\nWater Life (1976) won the inaugural South Australian Biennial Literature Prize in 1978, while one of Rodriguez's most highly-regarded collections, Mudcrab at Gambaro's (1980) received both the Sydney PEN Golden Jubilee Award for Poetry and the Artlook\/Shell Literary Award in 1981.\nJudith is also known for her poems about women's experiences; the title poem of Witch Heart (1982), published by the feminist press Sisters, records a visit to Robyn Archer's play about the often disastrous lives of famous women performers.\nIn 1994 she was made a Member of the Order of Australia, for services to literature, and also received the FAW Christopher Brennan Award.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1988-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/literary-papers-1969-1981-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Black, Hope", "Entry ID": "AWE6169", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/black-hope\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Curator, Mentor, Museum assistant, Scientist, Teacher", "Summary": "In 1946 Jessie Hope Black became the first woman to be appointed a curator at the National Museum of Victoria.\n", "Details": "Hope's career began in 1937 when she was appointed a museum assistant at the National Museum of Victoria. In 1946 she was promoted to Curator of Mulloscs after completing a science degree part-time at the University of Melbourne. Hope was the first woman to be appointed a curatorial position at the Museum.\nDuring her curatorship, Hope was part of the Museum's team which surveyed the Snowy River Gorge in 1947 and Port Phillip Bay from 1957-1963. She was also a member of the first group of women to travel to Antarctica as part of an Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) to Macquarie Island in 1959, and again in 1960.\nIn 1965 Hope was forced to resign from her position as curator as a result of the prohibition on employment of married women in the Victorian public service.\nHope trained as a science teacher and spent thirteen years teaching in Victorian high schools.\nHope co-authored the text Marine Mulloscs of Victoria with C. J. Gabriel in 1962 and was also a consulting malacologist to the National Science Foundation of the Philadelphia academy of Natural Sciences. She was also a distinguished member of the Malacological Society of Australasia.\nIn addition to her paid employment, Hope is also renowned for her involvement with the blind and disabled. Hope planned and supervised a biology course for blind children at the Museum and was subsequently made a Life Governor of the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind. She also established a volunteer program at the museum, a program which is still utilised extensively at the museum today. Hope was also an active advocate for services for the disabled, particularly in terms of independent housing.\nHope passed away in January 2018 at the age of 98.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/28581-typed-reference-letters-for-donald-vernon-1945-1987\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Palmer, Aileen Yvonne", "Entry ID": "AWE6190", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-aileen-yvonne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, Middlesex, England", "Death Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Communist, Defence worker, Poet, Political activist, Translator, Writer", "Details": "Aileen Yvonne Palmer was educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College and the University of Melbourne, where she graduated in 1935 with first class honours in French and literature. She had also studied German, Spanish and Russian.\nAileen was involved with the Melbourne University Labor Club and the Victorian Writers' League and she joined the Communist Party of Australia in April 1934.\nWhilst in Spain with her family in 1936, Aileen was caught up in the July uprising in Barcelona which marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. After briefly returning to London, she joined the first British medical unit to travel to Spain and worked with the International Brigades until 1938. During World War II Yvonne drove ambulances for the Auxiliary Ambulance Service at Stepney, before leaving to work at Australia House in 1943.\nDespite much ambivalence to return to Australia, Aileen did so in 1945, after receiving a cable from her sister which informed her that their mother had suffered a stroke. Despite finding it difficult to settle in Melbourne, she continued to remain politically active and to write and publish articles.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-aileen-palmer-1935-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-aileen-and-helen-palmer-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aileen-yvonne-palmer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-aileen-palmer-1937-1966-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bergner, Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE6208", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bergner-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Vienna, Austria", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Choreographer, Dance teacher, Dancer", "Details": "Ruth Vergner was born in Vienna, however she lived in Poland from the age of six. In 1933 Ruth was awarded a scholarship to dance with Tacjanna Wysocka's Dance Company and she was selected to go on tour with them to Italy. Ruth migrated to Melbourne in 1936 and three years later she joined the Elizabeth Wiener Modern Dance Studio. After taking a Kthakali dance class with Indian dancer Shivaram, Ruth joined him on a world tour.\nRuth returned to Melbourne in 1951 and began teaching and performing at the Ballet Guild. During the 1960s she travelled and performed again with Shivaram before returning to Sydney to once again teach and perform. In 1974 Ruth performed with Shivaram at Monash University and later she opened her own dance studio at the Savoy Theatre in Melbourne.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ruth-bergner-1933-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-bergner-australian-and-new-zealand-art-files-ruth-bergner\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Exiner, Johanna (Hanny)", "Entry ID": "AWE6218", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/exiner-johanna-hanny\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Vienna, Austria", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Dance educator, Dancer, Lecturer", "Details": "Johanna Kolm was born in Vienna in 1918 and studied dance under Gertrud Bodenwieser from the age of four. Continuing to dance throughout her school years, Johanna completed a four year diploma at the Wiener Akademie fur Musik und Darstellende Kunst (the Vienna State Academy for Music and Drama). At the age of 19, Johanna joined Gertrud Bodenwiser's dance company and toured Europe, South Africa and America.\nAfter briefly living in Wellington, New Zealand, Johanna settled in Melbourne where she joined the Studio of Creative Dance (also known as the School of Viennese Creative Dance and the School of Creative Dancing) in Collins Street. In 1953 Johanna founded the Modern Ballet Group, which she co-directed with Margaret Lasica.\nDuring the 1940s Johanna's interest in child development and education saw her teaching dance classes at the Melbourne Kindergarten Teachers College. She completed her teaching training and, after spending some time in London, returned to Melbourne, where she became a member of staff at the Kindergarten Teachers College (from 1973 the State College of Victoria - Institute of Early Childhood Development). Alongside her colleague Phyllis Lloyd, Johanna established the Graduate Diploma in Music and Dance, as well as published two books for primary school teachers - Teaching Creative Movement and Learning Is Fun When You Dance It.\nIn 1977 Johanna co-founded the Australian Association for Dance Education (later renamed Ausdance), and was the first president of the Victorian Branch. In 1986 she was awarded Honorary Life Membership of Ausdance.\nThroughout her career Johanna developed a passion for dance movement therapy. She published widely in this area, as well as creative movement education more generally. After retiring from full time work in higher education in 1982, Johanna opened the George Street Studio for Dance and Well-being where she ran community classes. In 1987 she was involved in the development of a Graduate Certificate in Dance Therapy which was offered periodically by the University of Melbourne until 1999.\nAdditionally, Johanna was a founding member of the Dance Therapy Association of Australia and a member of their committee for many years. She also served as the Association's president from 1996 to 1997.\nIn 2001 the Hanny Exiner Foundation (now the Hanny Exiner Memorial Foundation) was established to provide financial assistance for people undertaking research in the field of dance movement therapy.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hanny-exiner-1939-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hanny-exiner-interviewed-by-michelle-potter-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-johanna-exiner-senior-lecturer-at-the-institute-of-early-childhood-development-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Factor, June", "Entry ID": "AWE6226", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/factor-june\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lodz, Poland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Broadcaster, Children's writer, Folklorist, Historian, Writer", "Summary": "For 25 years June Factor was the director of the Australian Children's Folklore Collection. Between the late 1960s and 2001 she was involved in various school radio broadcasts and children's programs. June produced numerous children's books, including a series of playground rhymes. For many years she was a Senior Lecturer in English at the Institute of Early Childhood Development in Melbourne.\nJune held presidencies of both the Australian and Victorian Councils for Civil Liberties and served on the executive committee of Liberty Victoria from 1981 to 1996. She was a founding member of the Free Speech Committee in Victoria and from 1991 to 1995 she represented civil liberty interests on the national statutory Privacy Advisory Committee. June was also the president of the Friends of ABC (Vic) and their national spokesperson from 1996 to 1999.\nShe was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in January 2024 for significant service to literature, to history, and to the community.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/june-factor-1936-2024\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-june-factor-1954-2013-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-june-factor-folklorist-and-writer-sound-recording-interviewer-gwenda-davey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/june-factor-interviewed-by-rebecca-grinblat-in-the-itzak-wittenberg-study-group-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-june-factor-folklorist-and-writer-sound-recording-interviewer-wendy-lowenstein\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/itzak-wittenberg-study-group-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/factor-june-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-june-factor-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-june-rogers-university-lecturer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-childrens-folklore-collection-acfc\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Whyte, Jean Primrose", "Entry ID": "AWE6231", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whyte-jean-primrose\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian", "Details": "Jean Primrose Whyte was born in 1923 to parents Ernest Primrose (Prim) Whyte and Kitty Macully. She spent the first ten years of her life at Yadlamalka, a sheep station north of Port Augusta, before attending St Peter's Collegiate Girls' School. Jean was employed at the Public Library of South Australia whilst she undertook studies at the University of Adelaide, from which she graduated in 1946.\nJean became a professional librarian after taking the examinations of the Australian Institute of Librarians and in 1959 she joined the Fisher Library at the University of Sydney.\nJean graduated with a Master of Arts in librarianship from the University of Chicago in 1965. Followed by a moved to Canberra in 1972, she took up the position of Director of Information, Reference and Research at the National Library of Australia.\nIn 1975 Jean became the foundation professor in the Graduate School of Librarianship at Monash University. She retired as an emeritus professor in 1988 and in this same year Jean was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia 'for service to education particularly in the field of librarianship'.\nFrom 1959 to 1971 Jean edited the Australian library journal. Monash University awarded Jean an honorary Doctor of Letters degree in 1996.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jean-whyte-1881-2009-bulk-1951-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jean-primrose-whyte-professor-librarianship-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-p-whyte-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/education-for-librarianship-in-the-united-states-and-in-australia-manuscript-a-comparison-by-jean-p-whyte\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Boyd, Phyllis Emma", "Entry ID": "AWE6341", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/boyd-phyllis-emma\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Women's advocate", "Summary": "Phyllis Boyd held strong views on the role of women as homemakers and was an advocate of motherhood. Phyllis was the Victorian president of the Australian Family Association and a member of its national executive, and later she became a founding member of the Family Council of Victoria.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-guy-and-phyllis-boyd-1890-2001-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-phyllis-boyd-feminist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dorothy-green-1943-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-brenda-niall-1911-1991-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Craig, Sybil Mary Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE6360", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/craig-sybil-mary-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, Middlesex, England", "Death Place": "Surrey Hills, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Painter", "Summary": "Sybil Mary Frances Craig was born in London in 1901 to Australian-born parents Matthew Francis Craig and his wife Winifred Frances (Major). Some time later the family returned to Melbourne and Sybil was educated at a school in St Kilda. In 1920 she began private art tuition and from 1924 to 1931 she studied at the National Gallery of Victoria's school of painting.\nSybil held her first solo exhibition at the Athenaeum Gallery in 1932. This was followed by further solo exhibitions in 1948, 1978 and 1982. In March 1945 Sybil became an official war artist. She was commissioned by the Australian War Memorial to record the work undertaken at the Commonwealth Explosives Factory at Maribyrnong.\nSybil Craig was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in 1981 'in recognition of service as an artist'.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sybil-craig-1853-ca-1980-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sybil-craig-interviewed-by-barbara-blackman-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-sybil-craig-artist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1876-1987-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mills, Leone Rosa", "Entry ID": "AWE6364", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mills-leone-rosa\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Photographer", "Summary": "Leone Mills trained at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School and later worked for the Department of Aircraft Production in the Art and Photographic Section. From 1945 until 1982 she was a photographer at the State Library of Victoria.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-life-and-times-of-a-working-class-girl-in-australia-typescript-2013\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1945-1981-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mutton, Annemarie", "Entry ID": "AWE6366", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mutton-annemarie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Munich, Bavaria, Germany", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "School assistant", "Summary": "Annemarie Bowen worked as an assistant at Preshil School, Kew, and also helped establish a kindergarten in Blackburn.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1930-1987-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mutton-anne-marie\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kyne, Catherine Mary (Catie)", "Entry ID": "AWE6369", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kyne-catherine-mary-catie\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Human Rights Advocate, Social justice advocate", "Summary": "Catherine Kyne was a campaigner for social justice, human rights, community affairs and the environment.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1960-2006-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal, Isabel Eleanor", "Entry ID": "AWE6378", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-isabel-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Manager, Secretary", "Summary": "As a widower with two young sons, Isabel Royal worked as a secretary during the day and ran the Novelty Manufacturing Company after hours, in order to support her family. Throughout her life Isabel dedicated much of her time to various charities and community organisations. In 2000 she was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) 'for service to the community, particularly through the Yooralla Society of Victoria'.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-novelty-manufacturing-company-1944-1988-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Goodman, Sylvia Mina", "Entry ID": "AWE6379", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goodman-sylvia-mina\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Founder, Secretary", "Summary": "Sylvia Goodman was a member and delegate to the National Council of Women and a member of the International Council of Women. She was also a member of the Victorian Association of Day Nurseries, as well as a life member of the Richmond Creche and Kindergarten Association. Sylvia was the secretary and a founder of the Woollies Appeal during the Second World War.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1941-1979-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grigg, Mary Wills", "Entry ID": "AWE6417", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grigg-mary-wills\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Braddock, Cornwall, England", "Death Place": "Boort, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Sheep farmer, Wheat farmer", "Summary": "Cornish immigrant Mary Wills Grigg selected and was granted a Mallee leasehold of land in 1885 in Victoria, and farmed sheep in Boort until her death at the age of 70.\n", "Details": "Mary Wills Grigg was born in the parish of Braddock (also known as Broadoak), Cornwall, a farming community, in 1821. Her father John Grigg was noted as a labourer, woodman and farmer in various documents.\nMary was the second daughter of John and Grace Grigg. Her mother Grace (64) and younger sister Jane (26) both died in 1850, leaving a household of five adult children headed by John at the 1851 census. John was recorded as a farmer, his eldest daughter Catherine as housekeeper, his sons William, Nicholas and Joseph as farmer's sons and Mary as a farmer's daughter. John died in 1852 (68) and Catherine (36) died in 1853. By the 1861 census Mary was part of her unmarried brother Nicholas's household, noted as housekeeper. Nicholas was a farmer employing one man. Their younger brother Joseph lived with them, along with a servant. Together the three siblings left Cornwall and emigrated to Australia in 1863 on the ship Istanboul, arriving in Melbourne in June of that year. Mary was 41.\nAt the age of 63, in 1885, Mary had a Mallee lease granted, which she selected herself, and farmed there until her death in 1892, aged 70. It may be that the earlier insolvency of one of her brothers prompted her lease application. While her death certificate stated her occupation as 'spinster' and 'domestic duties' - the informant was her younger brother Joseph - Mary's will and probate documents reveal that she was a 'spinster' and 'farmer'.\nIn her will she left all her estate and personal property to another local Boort farmer, Henry Scott Lanyon. Lanyon 'did not know why she left it to him'. Joseph Grigg claimed it was only 'in trust till such time as he obtained a certificate of discharge from his debts, being at the time an insolvent'. Perhaps Mary wasn't confident in the ability of her brothers (both of whom she predeceased) to execute her will as required.\nMary's personal estate consisted of the Mallee leasehold, stated to be 960 acres with fencing, shrubbing and clearing improvements, a water tank and shed, wheat crop, 55 sheep, two horses and worn out farming implements.\nMary died on 13 September 1892 of debility and pneumonia in Boort, Victoria, and was buried in Boort Cemetery with Wesleyan rites.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-w-grigg-will\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-w-grigg-probate-and-administration-files\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-w-grigg-probate-and-administration-files-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Werner, Kathleen Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6594", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/werner-kathleen-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Mrs Kathleen Werner was an active and loyal member of the Labor Party. During the First World War, Mrs Werner was a member of the Women's Anti-Conscription Committee and the Labor Women's Relief Committee. She was also on the first Executive of the Labor Women's Central Organising Committee.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Foster, Ruby Jessie", "Entry ID": "AWE6620", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/foster-ruby-jessie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Berrigan, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Packenham, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community stalwart, Community worker, Red Cross leader, Social worker, Tennis player", "Summary": "Ruby Foster was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1958 for social welfare services in Gippsland in Victoria. She was heavily involved with the Red Cross in Gippsland and Maffra, serving as president of the Maffra branch from 1941.\n", "Events": "Social welfare services in Gippsland in Victoria (1958 - 1958)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brazill, Johanna", "Entry ID": "IMP0012", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brazill-johanna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bosnetstown, County Limerick, Ireland", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Religious Sister, Teacher", "Summary": "Sister Philippa, as she preferred to be known, took the religious name of Sister Mary Philippa at her Religious Profession to the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy on 10th January 1918. After graduating from the Teachers' Training College at Ascot Vale, she became a teacher in several Victorian Schools. In 1928 she transferred from teaching to nursing, completing her training at Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane. In 1935 she became foundation matron at the Mercy Private Hospital, where she introduced general nurse training.\nFrom 1954 to 1959 she was appointed Provincial of the Sisters of Mercy in Victoria and Tasmania, after which she returned to the Mercy Private Hospital.\nIn 1979 Sister Philippa was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for outstanding service to the people of Victoria and beyond, especially in the Health Care Field.\nTwo years later, on the 1 August, the University of Melbourne awarded Sister the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws in recognition of her services to women and family life. She was the first nun to receive the award from the University.\n", "Details": "Born: 24 December 1895. Died: 1 January 1988.\nBirth name: Johanna Brazill. Religious name: Sister Mary Philippa. Preferred to be called: Sister Philippa\nFollowing her father's reluctant approval, Brazill sailed from Ireland to Melbourne to join the Religious Sisters of Mercy (RSM). In 1912, aged fourteen and a half, she had heard a talk by Mother Genevieve Buckley appealing for missionaries on behalf of the Victorian Mercy communities. Deciding upon a religious vocation, and with her mother's blessing, Brazill became one of the Irish girls recruited to join the Mercy Congregation in Australian. [1]\nBefore commencing her religious training, in 1915, Brazill completed her secondary education at Sacred Heart College, Geelong. Johanna Brazill made her first Religious Profession on 10 January 1918, taking the religious name of Sister Mary Philippa.\nCitation read by Professor Colin Howard, chairman of the Melbourne University's academic board:\nMr Chancellor -\nSister Philippa Brazill was born in 1896 in Country Limerick, Ireland. She has given a lifetime of public service in Victoria, particularly in her long association with health care.\nIn 1915 she entered the congregation of the Sisters of Mercy in Melbourne for teacher training at Ascot Vale, and then was a teacher in several Victorian schools.\nIn 1928, Sister Philippa transferred from teaching to the nursing staff of St Benedict's Hospital, Malvern, which had been acquired by the Sisters of Mercy to begin their work of caring for the sick. She did her nursing training at Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, and then returned to St Benedict's. She made a six months tour of American hospitals to gather ideas for incorporation into the plans of the St Benedict's Sisters for the establishment of a Hospital for Women. When the Mercy Private Hospital was opened in 1935, Sister Philippa became the first matron and was primarily responsible for setting its high stand of patient care, and for introducing general nurse training.\nFrom 1954 to 1959, Sister Philippa's involvement in hospital work temporarily ceased when she was appointed Provincial of the Sisters of Mercy in Victoria and Tasmania, then numbering approximately six hundred members. In this capacity, she gave strong and wise leadership within her religious Congregation in the administration of the various works associated with it, namely: primary, secondary and tertiary education, the care of orphaned and neglected children, and the care of the sick.\nAt the conclusion of this period of office Sister Philippa returned to the Mercy Private Hospital, and again assumed the responsibilities of Superior and Matron. The establishment of the Mercy Private Hospital in 1971 saw the fulfillment of one of her life's ambitions, as she had a particular interest in the welfare of women and family life.\nIn June 1979, Sister Philippa was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Her Majesty, the Queen, for outstanding service to the people of Victoria and beyond, especially in the health care field, over the previous 50 years. In her semi-retirement, she is still actively involved in a pastoral role with the patients at the hospital and with the many people who have learned to value her wise counsel and insight.\nMr Chancellor,\nI present to you,\nMary Philippa Brazill of the Sisters of Mercy,\nDame Commander of the British Empire\nfor admission to the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Daly, Mary Dora", "Entry ID": "IMP0024", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daly-mary-dora\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cootamundra, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Charity worker, Patron", "Summary": "Mary Daly, nee MacMahon, was acknowledged as an interested and hardworking member of a range of Catholic and other charitable organisations. Educated at Loreto convents in both Normanhurst, New South Wales and Ballarat, Victoria, she maintained her Catholic links throughout her life. In January 1923, she married Dr John Joseph Daly, a nephew of the founder of St Vincent's Hospital, Mother Berchmans Daly. They had two children, John and Marie. Dr Daly was appointed to the staff of St Vincent's Hospital. Mary Daly served on the St Vincent's Hospital auxiliary as honorary secretary and was acting president for a period of three years from 1933-1936. She was president of the Catholic Welfare Association from 1941, a member of the National Council of the Australian Red Cross Society, and executive member of the Council of the Victorian Division. She was the author of four children's books, one of which was published by the Yooralla Hospital School, another of her charitable causes. Her services to social welfare were acknowledged with her appointment as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1937, Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1949, and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 7 June 1951. The Catholic church awarded her the Cross Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice in 1951. She was also awarded a long service medal from the Red Cross Society in 1940 and honorary life membership in 1971.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cinty-and-the-laughing-jackasses-and-other-childrens-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/timmys-christmas-surprise\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holidays-at-hillydale-a-story-for-children-about-a-familys-holiday-spent-on-an-australian-sheep-station\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-welfare-organisation-its-work-for-the-men-and-women-of-the-services-during-world-war-ii-september-1939-june1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scott, Catherine (Margaret) Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0033", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-catherine-margaret-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Johannesburg, South Africa", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Ballerina, Choreographer", "Summary": "Margaret Scott was appointed to the Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander on 13 June 1981 for services to ballet. She had previously been appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 31 December 1976.\n", "Events": "Appointed The Order of the British Empire - Dames Commander (1981 - 1981) \nAppointed to the Order of the British Empire - Officer (Civil) (1976 - 1976) \nAwarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Green Room Awards (1998 - 1998) \nBallet Mistress of Ballet Rambert (1951 - 1953) \nBoard Member of the Australian Dance Theatre (1980 - 1982) \nChoreographer of Apollon (Stravinsky) for the Victorian Ballet Guild (1951 - 1951) \nChoreographer of Classical Suite (Verdi) for the Australian Ballet School (1967 - 1967) \nChoreographer of Recollections of a Beloved Place (Tchaikovsky) for Ballet Victoria (1975 - 1975) \nChoreographer of Sonata Classique (Rossini) for the Australian Ballet School (1971 - 1971) \nFounding Director of the Australian Ballet School (1963 - 1990) \nHonorary Life Member of Australian Ballet Foundation (1988 - 1988) \nLifetime Achievement Dance Award from Australian Dance (1998 - 1998) \nMarried, Derek Ashworth Denton (1953 - 1953) \nMember of the Dance Panel for the Theatre Board at Australia Council (1974 - 1975) \nPrincipal at Ballet Rambert (1943 - 1948) \nPrincipal at National Theatre Victoria (1949 - 1949) \nPrincipal at Sadlers Wells Ballet (1941 - 1941) \nSettled in Australia (1953 - 1953) \nVictorian Committee Member of the Australian Association of Dance and Education (1978 - 1978)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/award-to-head-of-ballet-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sheila-scotter-snaps-secrets-and-stories-from-my-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-theatre-ballet-performance-of-auroras-wedding-1951-1954-picture-walter-stringer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-margaret-scott-ballet-dancer-founding-director-of-the-australian-ballet-school-1964-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portraits-of-dame-margaret-scott-and-shirley-mckechnie-picture-lynkushka\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackinnon, Una (Patricia)", "Entry ID": "IMP0039", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinnon-una-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Patricia Mackinnon joined the Royal Children's Hospital Committee of Management in 1948, serving it in several offices before being elected to the presidency in 1965. She was appointed a Commander to the Order of the British Empire in 1972 and a Dame of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1977 in recognition of distinguished service to the community in hospital administration.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Ernest Thomas and Pauline Eva (n\u00e9e Taylor) Bell Patricia Mackinnon was born in Brisbane and educated at St Margaret's Church of England School (Brisbane).\nShe married Alistair Mackinnon on 17 December 1936 and they were to have two children.\nIn 1948 Patricia became a member of the committee of management for the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) Melbourne. She served in several offices before being elected vice-president from 1957-1965 and president 1965-1979, succeeding Dame Elisabeth Murdoch. In 1968 she began chairman of the RCH Research Foundation a position she held until 1986, and from 1951-1965, served as president of the Auxiliaries. She was also a federal and state councillor of the Australian Hospitals Association for many years. A member of the Alexandra Club, Melbourne, Dame Patricia Mackinnon enjoys gardening and reading.\nDame Patricia's links with the RCH go back to her grandmother-in-law, Lady Emily Mackinnon, who served on the committee of management (1888-1922). Her mother-in-law, Mrs Hilda Mackinnon, was elected president of the committee of management from 1923-1933. The MacKinnon School of Nursing is named in their honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hospital-chief-is-a-dame\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-treasure-in-child-health-a-gentle-and-generous-person\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macknight, Ella Annie Noble", "Entry ID": "IMP0040", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macknight-ella-annie-noble\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Urana, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "MalvernMalvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aviator, Golfer, Gynaecologist, Hockey player, Obstetrician", "Summary": "Ella Macknight was an obstetrician and gynaecologist who worked at the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne. She was appointed as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1969 for services to medicine. She was also a talented hockey player, winning University Blues and playing in the Victorian team when she was at the University of Melbourne.\n", "Details": "Ella Macknight, daughter of Conway Montgomery Macknight and Eliza Jane Simpson, was educated at home by governesses and later attended Toorak College. She gained her MB BS in 1928 from the University of Melbourne. After qualifying as an obstetrician and gynaecologist, (MD, Melb.1931, DGO Melb 1936), she was associated with the Queen Victoria Hospital from 1935-1977. Her appointments included honorary obstetrician and gynaecologist from 1935-1964; vice-president of the Committee of Management for 1963-1971 and president from 1971-1977. She was president of the Council of the Royal College of Gynaecologists from 1970-1972 and served as chairmen of the Blood Transfusion Committee, Victorian Division of the Red Cross Society from 1964-1970 and a member of the Executive of the Victorian Division during the same period.\nElla Macknight had a well developed adventurous streak. In 1929, she was persuaded by her cousin to learn how to fly. She got her pilot's ticket and, in 1930, was one of six women pilots in Victoria who provided an escort for Amy Johnson from Laverton to Moonee Valley, where they landed on the race track.\nElla Macknight was appointed as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for services to medicine on 1 January 1969.\nShe died on 1 April 1997 in Malvern at the age of 92.\n", "Events": "Fellow of the Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (1978 - 1978) \nFellow of the Australian Medical Association (FAMA) (1976 - 1976) \nFellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FRCOG) (1958 - 1958) \nFellowship in Australia in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FAGO) (1973 - 1973) \nHonorary Doctor of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria (1972 - 1972) \nMember of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG) (1951 - 1951)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macknight-dame-ella-annie-noble-dbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ties-that-bind-a-history-of-sport-at-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dame-ella-macknight-former-gynaecologist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Norris, Dame Ada May", "Entry ID": "IMP0045", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Greenbushes, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Armadale Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Ada May Norris, n\u00e9e Bickford was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne, where she graduated BA Dip. Ed. In 1924. In 1929 she married John Norris. From 1951, Ada Norris was involved in numerous committees and organisations promoting women, multiculturalism, children and immigration.\nAda Norris was appointed Officer of the British Empire (10 June 1954) and Dame Commander of the of the British Empire on 12 June 1976 for distinguished community service. On 14 June 1969 Norris was awarded the Order of St Michael and St George - Commanders while President of the National Council of Women.\n", "Details": "Ada Norris was president of the National Council of Women of Australia 1967-1970 and was responsible for the reversion to its original name in 1970, but, for decades before and after her presidency, she was a force for change in the National Councils and the wider Australian community. She served as honorary secretary in Ivy Brookes' innovative Board of Directors 1948-1952, following her president's lead in becoming involved at a national level with status of women issues and migration reform. Positions as convenor of migration for NCW Victoria and then for ANCW led to her appointment as vice-convenor of migration with the International Council of Women. She was a leading member of the Good Neighbour Council of Victoria, and in 1950 of the Commonwealth Immigration Advisory Council, serving on this for more than 20 years, always as an advocate of humane and measured reform. Within the NCW, she took a leading role in national campaigns on a wide range of matters concerning the status of women, including in particular equal pay and equality within marriage. This experience led to her appointment as Australia's official delegate to the United Nations Status of Women Commission (CSW) over an unprecedented 3 sessions, from 1961 to 1963. She was president of the United Nations Association of Australia's Victorian division 1961-1971, and chaired the national committee for International Women's Year and the Committee for the Decade of Women. In 1969, she was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, the first Australian woman so appointed, and in 1976 Dame Commander of the British Empire.\nAda May Norris was born on 28 July 1901 at Greenbushes, WA, daughter of H.A. Bickford, and grand-daughter of the Reverend E.S. Bickford, a leader in the Methodist church. The family moved to her father's home state of Victoria while Ada was a child.\nAda Norris was educated at Birchip State School, Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne, where she graduated with a BA and Dip. Ed. in 1924 and MA in 1926. She taught at Leongatha and Melbourne High Schools, but resigned in 1929 to marry lawyer John Gerald Norris, later a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. The couple had two daughters, Rosemary and Jane.\nAda Norris took up voluntary work while her children were still in primary school - an unusual step for women of her class and generation. In his eulogy on her death, her son-in-law noted that 'a trained and restless mind, and a degree of ambition, was not to be satisfied by the cares of managing a house, children and a husband - she wanted to play a part in the wider community also'. He might have added that her role there would always be shaped by a pragmatic idealism committed to justice and equality.\nAda Norris's first concern was for children in need. She joined the Children's Hospital Auxiliary, then became secretary to the newly established Victorian Society for Crippled Children. In 1941, she became the VSCC's delegate to the National Council of Women of Victoria, and almost immediately took on the job of secretary for that organisation. In 1944, she became a vice-president of NCW Victoria, and, in the same year, foundation secretary of the Advisory Council for the Physically Handicapped, the forerunner of the Australian Council for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled. She later served as president(1955-1957) and vice-president (1957-1962) of this organisation. She continued to work for the Victorian Society for Crippled Children and Adults until the 1970s, becoming its patron and historian. Her concern for children's growth and development also led to the foundation in 1954 of the Victorian Children's Book Council, where she served as president and then national president in 1960.\nFrom the 1950s, Ada Norris developed expertise and leadership in three other key areas of Australian public life - ageing, immigration, and status of women's issues - the last two at national and international levels. Her major platform for these activities was the National Council of Women; she was president of NCW Victoria 1951-1954, honorary secretary of the national body 1948-1952, and national president 1967-1970. In 1951, she proposed and helped initiate the establishment of an 'Old People's Welfare Council', later renamed the Victorian Council for the Ageing, which worked to set up government-funded support for home help for the elderly, hot meals and recreation centres. She continued to work as a vice-president of this council until 1980, her own 80th year.\nIn 1950, Norris was appointed convenor of NCW Victoria's Migration Standing Committee, and, late in the same year, she took on the same role at national level. In 1952, she accepted the position of vice-convenor of migration with the International Council of Women, and held all three positions until 1966 when she relinquished her national responsibilities to become the ICW convenor of migration. Through these roles, she became a leading member of the Good Neighbour Council of Victoria, and later of the Commonwealth Immigration Advisory Council. She served on the Commonwealth council for more that 20 years, at a time of great change in Australia's immigration policies, and was always a force for humane and inclusive policy and practice. She worked on its subcommittees like the Committee on Migrant Women and the Committee on Migrant Centres and Hostels, and acted as its deputy chair from 1968 to 1971. She had perhaps more expertise on local, national and international migration issues than any Australian of her generation.\nAda Norris was similarly committed to and expert on issues relating to the inequality of men and women. Within the NCW, she took a leading role in national campaigns on a wide range of matters to do with the status of women, including equal pay, rights before the law, representation on public bodies, both national and international, laws with regard to marriage and divorce, and access to all forms of education and work for all women, married or not. In the case of equal pay, for example, Norris led the NCW to a policy of intervening in Arbitration Court decisions in the interests of women workers - a practice that finally achieved limited success in 1974. Her knowledge and determination on these matters was nurtured by her appointment as Australia's official delegate to the United Nations Status of Women Commission (CSW) over an unprecedented 3 sessions, from 1961 to 1963. Her international experience strengthened her concern for Australia's role in the Pacific, and, as president of NCW Australia, she established an appeals committee to raise funds for a women's hall of residence at the University of Papua New Guinea.\nEngagement with CSW also led Ada Norris to wider United Nations activism in Australia; she was president of the United Nations Association of Australia's Victorian division 1961-1971, and, with her CSW, ICW and NCWA experience, she was an obvious choice to chair the UNAA national committee for International Women's Year 1974-1976, and the Committee for the Decade of Women until 1980.\nAda Norris was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in June 1954 and Dame Commander of the British Empire in June 1976 for distinguished community service. In June 1969, she was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, the first Australian woman so appointed. She was also awarded the UN Peace Medal in 1975 and, in 1980, Melbourne University honoured her with a Doctorate of Laws.\nDame Ada was also a historian. She published a history of the Victorian Society for Crippled Children and Adults, The Society, in 1974 and in 1978 a history of the National Council of Women of Victoria, Champions of the Impossible.\n'It is from the champions of the impossible rather than the slaves of the possible that creative evolution draws its force'.\nPrepared by: Jan Hipgrave, Marian Quartly and Judith Smart\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nUNAA Committee for the Decade for Women (1976 - 1980) \nUNAA National Committee for Internationa Women's Year (1974 - 1976) \nUnited Nations Association of Australia (Victoria) (1961 - 1971) \nUnited Nations Status of Women Commission (Official Australian Delegate) (1961 - 1963)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champions-of-the-impossible-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-society-being-some-account-of-the-victorian-society-for-crippled-children-and-adults\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unna-victoria-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-dame-ada-norris\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-norris-1901-1989-champion-of-the-impossible\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-norris-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Van Praagh, Margaret", "Entry ID": "IMP0055", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/van-praagh-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hampstead, London, England", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Dancer, Director, Educator, Producer, Writer", "Summary": "Born in London, Dame Peggy van Praagh had a long and distinguished career in ballet as a dancer, teacher, producer, advocate and director. She came to Australia in 1959 to direct the Borovansky Ballet, and was instrumental in establishing the Australian Ballet in 1962. She was artistic director of the Australian Ballet from 1962-1974 and again in 1978. Dame Peggy received much recognition for her services to ballet, including her appointment to the Order of the British Empire (OBE, 1966) and as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE, 14 June 1970).\n", "Details": "Peggy van Praagh was educated at King Alfred School, London. She studied dance in London, and danced with Ballet Rambert and Sadler's Wells from 1933-1945 before moving into teaching at Sadler's Wells Dance Theatre, 1945-1956. She then undertook freelance teaching and producing in Germany, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, Holland and USA 1956-1960.\nVan Praagh became artistic director of the Borovansky Ballet in Australia in 1960. She became a Fellow of the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (London), 1933, and a member of the Royal Academy of Dancing, 1969; received an Hon D Litt (University of New England), 1974; DBE 1970; OBE 1965; Queen Elizabeth Coronation Prize; Special Artist's Award, Australia Council, 1975; Britannica Australia Award for Arts 1970; and was made an honorary life member of the Australian Ballet Foundation, 1979.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peggy-van-praagh-a-life-of-dance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/van-praagh-peggy-1910-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-peggy-van-praagh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-i-became-a-ballet-dancer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-choreographic-art-an-outline-of-its-principles-and-craft\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-arts-in-australia-ballet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ballet-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fourth-ausdance-dame-peggy-van-praagh-memorial-address\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/documenting-australian-dance-the-peggy-van-praagh-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-peggy-van-praagh-1912-1986-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Best, Kathleen Annie Louise", "Entry ID": "IMP0068", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/best-kathleen-annie-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Summer Hill, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Kathleen Best, as nurse and army officer, was an inspiring leader in both a war and peace time environment. As an army officer in the Middle East, she distinguished herself through her courage and efficiency in her treatment and care of the wounded. After her wartime service, she assumed a number of peacetime appointments, which included becoming the founding director, Australian Women's Army Corps (Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC)) in 1951. Kathleen Best's war effort was acknowledged by the award of the Royal Red Cross medal 'for gallantry, conduct and devotion in Greece 14\/27 April 1941' and her subsequent role as Director of the WRAAC was honoured with her appointment as Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1956.\n", "Details": "Kathleen Best was the second child of Rupert Dudley Best, commission agent, and Emily Edith, n\u00e9e Stevenson. She was educated at Bondi Public and Cleveland Street Intermediate High School. She embarked on her nursing career at Western Suburbs Hospital and completed her midwifery at the Crown Street Women's Hospital, Sydney.\nOn 30 May 1940, Best enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service, Australian Imperial Forces (AIF) (service number NX12617), and was posted as matron of the 2nd\/5th Australian General Hospital, which opened in December at Rehovot, Palestine. It moved to Greece on 10 April 1941 to assist the Anzac Corps in its battle against the Germans. Medical and nursing personnel worked under constant air raids, and by 25 April, most medical staff were evacuated to Crete. Best and 39 nurses volunteered to remain to care for the wounded, but later that day they were ordered to leave and survived a dangerous journey to Greece. She was awarded the RRC for her gallant conduct under difficult circumstances. She returned to Palestine to reorganise the hospital, then in August 1941, she went with the 2nd\/5th AGH to Eritrea, Ethiopia.\nBest returned to Australia in March 1942 and her AIF appointment was terminated on 13 June. She then took on the position of controller of full-time voluntary aid detachments for the Australian Army Medical Women's Service. She relinquished this post in February 1943 and was promoted to lieutenant colonel to become assistant adjutant general (women's services). In September 1944 she transferred to the Reserve Officers and became the assistant director of women's re-establishment and training in the Department of Postwar Reconstruction. This position involved helping servicewomen and female war workers adapt to the changed postwar conditions. The culmination of her career came with her appointment as the founding director of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps in February 1951. She was promoted to the rank of honorary colonel in 1952 and was appointed to the OBE in 1956. She was a member of the Melbourne Lyceum Club. Two portraits of her, painted by Nora Heysen and Geoffrey Mainwaring, hang in the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.\nKathleen Best died in the Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, from melanonomatosis on 15 November 1957.\n", "Events": "Assistant Adjutant-General Women's Services (1943 - 1944) \nAssistant Director, Re-establishment Division, Department of Post-War Reconstruction (1944 - 1949) \nAwarded Royal Red Cross Medal (RRC) (1942 - 1942) \nController for the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) (1942 - 1943) \nServed in the Middle East (1940 - 1942)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/proudly-we-served-stories-of-2-5th-australian-general-hospital-at-war-with-germany-behind-german-lines-and-at-war-with-japan-in-the-pacific\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/best-kathleen-annie-louise-1910-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-of-the-queen-women-in-the-australian-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rsl-returned-sisters-sub-branchthanksgiving-service-100-years-of-australian-army-nursing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-blue-to-khaki-the-enlisted-voluntary-aids-and-others-who-became-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-and-served-from-1941-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-stroll-down-memory-lane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hospitals-general-and-special-work-of-5th-australian-general-hospital-report-of-events-in-greece-1-report-by-lieutenant-colonel-a-w-morrow-2-report-by-matron-kathleen-best\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christmas-message-from-colonel-sybil-h-irving-honorary-colonel-of-the-corps-honcol-and-colonel-kathleen-best-director-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-dwraac\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speech-by-colonel-sybil-h-irving-honorary-colonel-of-the-corps-made-at-the-opening-of-the-kathleen-best-memorial-gates-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac-school-mosman-nsw-6-november-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-best-memorial-gates-and-portrait\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tucker, Margaret Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "IMP0093", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tucker-margaret-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Warrangesda Mission, Darlington Point, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Campaigner, Community worker", "Summary": "Margaret Tucker was co-founder of the Australian Aborigines League and was the first Aboriginal woman appointed to the Aborigines Welfare Board.\n", "Details": "Margaret (Lilardia) Elizabeth Tucker was born on Warrangesda Mission and spent her early childhood on the Cummeragunja and Moonaculla Missions in New South Wales. Her father, William Clements, was Wiradjuri and her mother Teresa (Yarmuk) Clements, n\u00e9e Middleton, was Yulupna. At the age of thirteen, Tucker and her sister May were separated from their mother against her wishes and taken to the Cootamundra Girls' Home. Tucker has written of her harrowing experiences under the care and training of the Aborigines Protection Board and in domestic service for white families in Sydney in her 1977 autobiography, If everyone cared.\nBy the 1930s, Tucker had begun to campaign for Aboriginal rights alongside other legendary Koori campaigners including William Cooper, Bill and Eric Onus, and Doug Nicholls. In 1932, she was co-founder of the Australian Aborigines League and on 26 January 1938 was one of the Victorian representatives observing the first national Day of Mourning. She was also instrumental in founding the United Council of Aboriginal and Islander Women in the 1960s. Tucker was the first Aboriginal woman appointed to the Aborigines Welfare Board (Victoria), 1964, and the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs, 1968.\nShe was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 1 January 1968 for services to the Aboriginal community.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/if-everyone-cared-autobiography-of-margaret-tucker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/if-everyone-cared-autobiography-of-margaret-tucker-m-b-e\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/another-time-place-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/talkin-up-to-the-white-woman-aboriginal-women-and-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-if-you-only-knew-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lousy-little-sixpence-videorecording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aunty-marge-tucker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honours-for-aborigines-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/details-of-pioneers-in-aboriginal-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-writers-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-aborigines-day\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aborigines-advancement-league\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/princess-lilardia-as-guest-of-queen-salote-of-tonga\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/as-i-saw-the-world-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/historic-meeting-of-two-great-peoples-aboriginal-king-honours-canadian-indian-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/original-protester-had-a-role-in-many-groups\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marge-tucker-mbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/character-above-colour-fast-track-to-assimilation-margaret-tucker-m-b-e-and-the-politics-of-assimilation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-aboriginal-women-pathfinders-their-difficulties-and-their-achievements\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stories-of-herself-when-young-autobiographies-of-childhood-by-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/if-everyone-cared-197-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-margaret-tucker-awarded-m-b-e-for-services-to-aboriginal-welfare-in-1968-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-aussie-image-the-language-of-the-image-makers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bell, Jane", "Entry ID": "IMP0098", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bell-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dumfriesshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital Matron, Nurse", "Summary": "Jane Bell was lady superintendent of Melbourne Hospital 1910-1934. She was responsible for many innovations, including replacement of male orderlies by sisters in the operating theatres; the appointment of tutor-sisters to instruct trainees and of a house-sister to supervise the nurses' quarters; the introduction of a six-week preliminary course; and pay for trainee-nurses. She was appointed OBE - Officer of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 1 January 1944 for her work as president of the Royal Victoria College of Nursing.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2013 - 2013)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bell-jane-1873-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bell-jane-1873-1959-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-ever-open-door-a-history-of-the-royal-melbourne-hospital-1848-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bell-jane-sern-p-matron-pob-n-a-poe-melbourne-vic-nok-s-steindl-j-m\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Williams, Fannie Eleanor", "Entry ID": "IMP0117", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-fannie-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Armadale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Bacteriologist, Nurse, Serologist", "Summary": "Fannie Eleanor Williams (known as Eleanor) was one of the first three staff members of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in 1920. She co-authored or authored more than fifty publications in her career and specialised in research on dysentery, influenza, hydatids and snake venom. She played a key role in the development of the first Australian blood bank. Not only a researcher, she was also responsible for the training of staff (including Sir Macfarlane Burnet) and, later in life, general organisation of WEHI. According to Sir Macfarlane Burnet and Dr Ian Wood, 'she was the channel through which serological techniques developed in Melbourne'. Miss Williams was awarded the Associate Royal Red Cross on 1 January 1917 for her bacteriological work in the Australian Imperial Force. She was appointed MBE - The Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) - 13 June 1957, for her work at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-fanny-eleanor-1890-1963-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-microbiology-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fanny-eleanor-williams-obituary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/work-rewarded-by-the-queen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fannie-eleanor-williams-bacteriologist-and-serologist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Price, Joyce Ethel", "Entry ID": "IMP0118", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/price-joyce-ethel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Angaston, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Shoreham, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Lady Joyce Ethel Price's outstanding contribution to the Girl Guides both in Australia and worldwide was first recognised at a commonwealth level in 1968 when she was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE). In 1977 she also received the Girl Guide Fish Award; and in 1978 her efforts were further recognised when she was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George - Commanders (CMG).\n", "Details": "Joyce Ethel Price was born in South Australia on 8 August 1915. She attended Goolwa Primary School, Adelaide High School, and completed an MSc at the University of Adelaide in 1938. She married James Robert (Sir Robert) Price in 1940 (died 1999) and had three children: two daughters and one son.\nLady Joyce was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1968 and, a decade later, in 1978, was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George - Commanders (CMG) for her service to Girl Guides. In 1977 she also received the Girl Guide Silver Fish Award. Her longstanding commitment to the Girl Guides can be seen in a chronological listing of some of her work and committee appointments between 1938 and 1970.\n", "Events": "Addressed the memorial service for the late Lady Baden-Powell, Westminster Abbey, England (1977 - 1977) \nChairperson of World Conferences, World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, Canada (1972 - 1972) \nChairperson of World Conferences, World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, Iran (1978 - 1978) \nChairperson, World Committee of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (1975 - 1978) \nChief Commissioner, Girl Guides Association of Australia (1968 - 1973) \nEmployee, Plant Physiology Department, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, South Australia (1938 - 1940) \nExecutive Council Member UNAA, Victoria (1960 - 1962) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2006 - 2006) \nLabour Officer, Ministry of Supply Explosives Factory, Scotland (1942 - 1944) \nSecretary, Australia Reading Union (1960 - 1970) \nSecretary, Australian Reading Union (1957 - 1960) \nState Commissioner, Girl Guides Association, Victoria (1963 - 1968) \nTreasurer, Pan-Pacific Southeast Asian Women's Association, Victoria (1957 - 1962) \nVice President, Girl Guides Association of Australia (1974 - 1979)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-joyce-ethel-price\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Frank, Lillian Georgina", "Entry ID": "IMP0150", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frank-lillian-georgina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rangoon, Burma", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Charity worker", "Summary": "Lillian Frank was a high profile Toorak (Victoria) hairdresser who built up her own business as well as undertaking fundraising for charity. On 11 June 1977, Frank was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her involvement with charities, including the Royal Children's Hospital and Odyssey House in Melbourne. On 10 June 1991 she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for her service to the community.\n", "Details": "Lillian Frank settled in Melbourne during the 1950s. Originally from Burma, her family fled upon the Japanese invasion, leaving behind all their possessions. After spending the rest of the war in a refugee camp in Calcutta, at the war's end she and her family went to London. During the 1950s she came to Melbourne to visit her sister, and stayed. She married restaurateur Richard Frank in 1956 and they had two daughters.\nSetting up her own hairdressing salon in the 1960s, Lillian Frank was the hair stylist for Jean Shrimpton when the latter wore a mini skirt at the Melbourne Spring Carnival. Frank's involvement with the carnival continued as a judge of the Fashions on the Field at Caulfield Racecourse, and on the final panel at the Melbourne Cup.\nA society columnist for the Herald-Sun for many years, Lillian Frank held committee positions and organised society gatherings especially to fundraise for Victorian charities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-5th-fashion-season\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lillian-frank-a-short-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MacKay, Vivienne", "Entry ID": "IMP0158", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackay-vivienne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cheshire, England", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Red Cross leader", "Summary": "Vivienne MacKay, n\u00e9e Plews, was a prominent member of both the Victorian and National Divisions of the Australian Red Cross Society from 1940-1978. She graduated from superintendent of the Red Cross Transport Company in 1940 to divisional commandant in 1945, and served as deputy chairman of the Victorian Division from 1952-1978. She was a member of the National Council from 1948-1978. She became a life member in 1955 and also served as Red Cross member of the National Florence Nightingale Committee from 1949. She was appointed as Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1958 for her services to the Red Cross Society.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/look-what-you-started-henry-a-history-of-the-australian-red-cross-1914-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wilson, Grace Margaret", "Entry ID": "IMP0159", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilson-grace-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Army Nurse, Matron", "Summary": "During World War I Grace Wilson was Principal Matron of No 3 Australian General Hospital serving in Egypt, Lemnos and France. She was appointed a Commander (Military) of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1919 for army nursing service in France. Grace Wilson was mentioned in dispatches five times as well as being awarded the Royal Red Cross Medal (2 May 1916) and the Florence Nightingale Medal.\n", "Details": "After being educated at Brisbane Girls' Grammar School, Grace Wilson commenced her nursing training at Brisbane Hospital and continued at Queen Charlotte Hospital (London). Upon completion she became a sister at Albany Memorial Hospital (London) and then returned to Australia to be Matron at the Brisbane Hospital.\nDuring World War I Wilson was Principal Matron No. 3 Australian General Hospitals in Egypt, Lemnos and France. She then became temporary Matron-in-chief for the Australian Imperial Forces (AIF). Wilson was mentioned in dispatches five times, awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal and Royal Red Cross Medal as well as being appointed a Commander (Military) of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1919 for army nursing service. In 1937 she led the A.I.F. Nurses' Contingent to the Coronation.\nDuring her career Wilson was matron at Rosemount Military Hospital, Brisbane, and the Children's Hospital, Melbourne, and was sister-in-charge at Somerset House Private Hospital, Melbourne. From 1933 to 1940 she was matron at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, and at the outbreak of World War II became matron-in-chief of the Australian Army Nursing Service (A.A.N.S). From 1940 to 1941 Wilson was matron-in-chief of the Nursing Service with the A.I.F., before becoming executive officer with the Nursing Control Section at the Manpower Directorate.\nMatron Grace Margaret Wilson died in 1957.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-is-the-anzac-spirit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/visit-gallipoli\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rsl-returned-sisters-sub-branchthanksgiving-service-100-years-of-australian-army-nursing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-diggers-makers-of-the-australian-military-tradition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilson-grace-margaret-1879-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Campbell, Enid Mona", "Entry ID": "IMP0182", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/campbell-enid-mona\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Launceston, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Lawyer, Professor", "Summary": "Professor Enid Campbell, a leading Australian scholar in constitutional law and administrative law, was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 16 June 1979 for services to education in the field of law. Campbell, who was the first female dean of a law faculty in Australia, was bestowed with the degree of Doctor of Laws honoris causa by the University of Tasmania in 1990.\n", "Details": "Enid Campbell was born in Launceston and educated there at Methodist Ladies College where she was dux of the school. At the University of Tasmania she studied economics and law and graduated in 1955. Accepting a scholarship to Duke University (North Carolina) she completed a PhD that included the study of international law, jurisprudence and public administration.\nIn 1959, Enid Campbell returned to Tasmania and became the first female lecturer in the Law School, teaching political science. The next year she took a lecturing position at the University of Sydney and from 1965 to 1967 was Associate Professor in Law.\nIn 1967 she was appointed Sir Isaac Isaac Professor of Law at Monash University, a position she held until her retirement in 1997.\n", "Events": "Associate Professor Law at the University of Sydney (1965 - 1967) \nHonorary Doctor of Laws (LLD) at the University of Tasmania (1990 - 1990) \nLecturer at the University of Sydney (1960 - 1961) \nLecturer in Political Science, University of Tasmania (1959 - 1959) \nMember of the Constitutional Commission, Canberra (1985 - 1988) \nMember of the Council of the Australian National University, Canberra (1976 - 1978) \nMember of the Law Reform Advisory Council, Victoria (1982 - 1984) \nMember of the Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration (1974 - 1976) \nSenior Lecturer at the University of Sydney (1962 - 1965) \nSir Isaac Isaacs Professor of Law at Monash University, Melbourne (1967 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-enid-campbell-between-approximately-1958-and-2010\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Littlejohn, Jean", "Entry ID": "IMP0207", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/littlejohn-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nelson, New Zealand", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Surgeon", "Summary": "Jean Littlejohn, educated in Melbourne at the Presbyterian Ladies' College and the University of Melbourne, made an outstanding contribution to ear, nose and throat surgery as honorary consultant, ear nose and throat, at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. She was the first woman elected to the Medical Faculty at the University of Melbourne in 1947. Her work was acknowledged initially with her appointment as Officer of the Order of the British Empire in June 1962 for services to the deaf in Victoria, and again as Commander of the Order of the British Empire in June 1975 for services to medicine.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-directory-of-australia-1970\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackenzie, Helen Pearl", "Entry ID": "IMP0208", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackenzie-helen-pearl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fusanchin, Korea", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner, Missionary", "Summary": "Helen MacKenzie, a child of Presbyterian missionaries, completed her medical degree at the University of Melbourne in 1938 with the intention of going to Korea to work as a missionary in 1941. With the interruption of World War II she instead remained at the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne, from 1940-1944, where she went to 'learn something of women's problems' as she described her time there in a biography of her father entitled MacKenzie, man of mission. She later worked as superintendent of the Australian Presbyterian Mission Hospital in Pusan Korea from 1952-1975, where her sister Catherine was matron, and was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1962 in recognition of her devoted services to medicine.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackenzie-man-of-mission-a-biography-of-james-noble-mackenzie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baker, Alice", "Entry ID": "IMP0222", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Raymond Terrace, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist", "Summary": "With her husband, Thomas Baker, and her sister, Eleanor Shaw, Alice Baker co-financed a major biochemistry laboratory at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, now known as the Baker Institute.\n", "Details": "Alice Baker was the daughter of Emma (n\u00e9e Combe) and William Edward Shaw, Postmaster at Raymond Terrace, New South Wales. In 1877 she married Thomas Baker at St Paul's Church of England, Maryborough, Queensland. By 1881, the couple had moved to Melbourne. Thomas Baker was born in 1854 in Somerset, England, the son of Ann (n\u00e9e Beaton) and Charles Baker. Charles, a blacksmith, migrated to Adelaide with his family in 1865. Thomas worked with his father for a time before becoming a pharmaceutical chemist in Maryborough. He later went into business importing and producing photographic materials with J.J. Rouse, assisted by Alice, who developed photographs and took customer orders. Baker's firm eventually amalgamated with the London Kodak company to form Kodak (Australasia). During WWI, he was associated with munitions production and reputedly spent a large amount of money searching for oil in Australia and New Zealand.\nThe Bakers had no children. They were known for their philanthropic activity, though they often made donations anonymously. They supported the Red Cross, the Big Brotherhood, Toc H and the Limbless Soldiers, but their greatest benefaction was to the Alfred Hospital. An initial donation in 1913 went toward cancer research. In 1922, Thomas Baker financed a biochemistry department at the hospital. Following the opening of the new building in 1926, the Bakers pledged ongoing support for the laboratory for five years and provided their first grant, a lump sum of \u00a320,500 (perhaps $1 million today). The laboratory was named 'The Thomas Baker, Alice Baker and Eleanor Shaw Medical Research Institute' after the Bakers and Alice's sister. Following Thomas Baker's death in 1928, Alice and Eleanor, along with J.J. Rouse and family, continued to support the Baker Institute. The wills of Thomas, Alice and Eleanor included provision to set up a trust that would support research at the Institute as well as providing aid to other charities. By 1974 the Baker Institute had received nearly $4 million from the trust.\nAlice Baker supported her husband's philanthropy and was also an active supporter of the Women's Hospital and the Talbot Colony. She was prominent in the National Council of Women and represented Australia at the Toronto meeting of the International Council of Women. While Thomas Baker received no public honours, Alice was appointed C.B.E. in 1933, two years before her death at South Yarra.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-thomas-baker-alice-baker-and-eleanor-shaw-medical-research-institute\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-thomas-1854-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McPherson, Margaret Heath", "Entry ID": "IMP0227", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcpherson-margaret-heath\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Glen Iris, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress", "Summary": "Margaret McPherson, educated in private schools in Adelaide and Melbourne, completed her tertiary education at the University of Melbourne and the Institute of Education London. Her teaching experience, included appointments at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne as Assistant mistress from 1943-48 and later as Head of the History Department from 1952-55. She spent the years 1950-51 teaching at the Girls' High School Slough, England. She was appointed principal of Clarendon PLC Ballarat, Victoria in 1956 and remained there until her appointment as principal of Korowa Church of England Girls' Grammar School in 1970. In addition to her duties of school administration, she served as president of the Association of Headmistresses of Independent Schools of Australia from 1970-73 and also as president of its Victorian counterpart from 1970-74. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1978 for services to education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Conochie, Jean Athola", "Entry ID": "IMP0246", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conochie-jean-athola\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": " Merredin, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian", "Summary": "Jean Conochie forged a successful career in librarianship at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), later the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). She took up her appointment in 1946 and remained there for all her working life, gaining an international reputation as a serials cataloguer and bibliographer. She was responsible for cataloguing standards across the entire CSIRO library network, and for the ongoing compilation of the CSIRO union catalogue. She was an active member of the Library Association of Australia as a member of the Board of Examiners from 1966-1972 and of numerous committees and represented the Association at international conferences. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1977 for public service in the field of science. The Library Association of Australia honoured her with the H.C.L. Anderson Award in 1985 for outstanding service to librarianship in Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-laa-award-for-jean-conochie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Officer, Doris Lyne", "Entry ID": "IMP0271", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/officer-doris-lyne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sidcup, Kent, England", "Death Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Doris Officer was educated at the School of Medicine for Women, Royal Free Hospital, London, graduating with an MB BS. She was also a member of the Royal College of Surgeons and a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. She was clinical assistant in children's outpatients, Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne 1930-1947 and medical officer, Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria from 1941. Other activities included lecturer in infant feeding and management, St George's Hospital, Melbourne 1941-1946, honorary secretary, Victorian Baby Health Centres Association from 1937, Government nominee to the Board of Management, Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital, Melbourne from 1941, a committee member for the Royal Melbourne Hospital and Associated Hospitals School of Nursing and chairman of the Hospital and Charities Waste Paper Appeal in 1957. During World War II she served for three years as honorary medical officer to the Red Cross Blood Bank, Melbourne and three years as medical officer to the Australian Women's Recruiting Depot, Melbourne. She was appointed OBE - Officer of The Order of the British Empire - 13 June 1959 as medical officer, Victoria Free Kindergarten Union.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/officer-doris-lyne-1898-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Archdall, Martha Caroline Christine", "Entry ID": "PR00089", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archdall-martha-caroline-christine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stettin, Germany", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Founder, Teacher", "Summary": "With her husband, clergyman Mervyn Archdall, Martha pushed for the establishment of a deaconess institution at Balmain, New South Wales, in 1885. Bethany was opened in 1891 with Canon Archdall as director. It was Martha who opened a parish school, and by 1900 Bethany had schools at Balmain, Lewisham, Dapto and Bega.\n", "Details": "Martha Kaasow was born at Stettin, Germany - now Szcenin, Poland - and married Mervyn Archdall in 1882. The pair moved to Balmain, New South Wales, where they instigated the building of a deaconess institution. Mervyn Archdall was rector at Balmain, and became director of the deaconess institution, 'Bethany', when it opened in 1891. Martha opened the parish school, with school fees and one quarter of her husband's stipend supporting Bethany. By 1900, new schools in Lewisham, Lawson, Dapto and Bega were also supporting the institution.\nMartha Archdall ran an employment agency in Darlinghurst and developed another in Balmain for women and children from the Bethany Homes. She moved to Melbourne after the death of her husband in 1917.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-dictionary-of-evangelical-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/attitudes-to-the-ministry-of-women-in-the-diocese-of-sydney-an-historical-study-1884-1893-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mathew, Wilhelmina", "Entry ID": "PR00505", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mathew-wilhelmina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Edinburgh, Scotland", "Death Place": "BrightonBrighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Laywoman", "Summary": "Wilhelmina Scott arrived in Australia with her parents at the age of two, grew up in Carlton and Fitzroy, in Victoria, and attended Presbyterian Ladies' College. She married Reverend John Mathew on July 6, 1897. After\u00a0he retired\u00a0from active church work in 1923, she assisted her husband in the establishment of a home mission station in Moreland, in Melbourne's northern suburbs, in 1925.\nDescribed as 'the complete minister's wife', she raised five children, supported her husband in his calling and was involved in many community based activities. She was president of the Presbyterian Women's Missionary Union in Victoria from 1924-1935, serving as a branch president of that organisation for forty-four years. She taught at Moreland Sunday School for eighteen years and was the convenor of the Coburg Chinese School for fifteen years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-dictionary-of-evangelical-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biography-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hitchcock, Annie", "Entry ID": "PR00639", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hitchcock-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Church worker, Community worker, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Annie Hitchcock, daughter of Wesleyan John Lowe, and wife and mother of Geelong businessmen\u00a0and philanthropists George and Howard Hitchcock respectively, was a prominent, successful, and influential philanthropist and community worker in her own right.\u00a0 She was Victoria's foremost Methodist fundraiser, and led the Geelong and Western District Ladies' Benevolent Association for forty one years, a period when\u00a0it \u00a0became the leading organisation of\u00a0its kind in regional Victoria.\n", "Details": "Annie Lowe, daughter of prominent Wesleyan John Lowe, married Geelong businessman George Hitchock, a founding member of the Geelong drapers firm Bright and Hitchcock, in 1859 at the age of 17.\u00a0She shared his commitment to civil service, and the belief of their fellow parishioners at the Yarra St Methodist Church, that society could best be changed through hard work, success in \u00a0business, philanthropy and high personal standards. Described as a woman who was 'dominant, strongwilled, very efficient and with powers of initiative and leadership' Annie became Victoria's foremost Methodist collector for philanthropic and church objects.\u00a0In 1891, she single-handedly \u00a0raised \u00a31683 for the new parsonage.\u00a0She helped found the Geelong Branch of Christian Endeavour in 1890, and set up Junior Endeavour through the Sunday School.\u00a0Annie was active in the Geelong and Western District Benevolent Society, becoming a committee member in 1868, and Vice President, and then President from 1875 to 1916.\u00a0During this time the Association became the leading organisation of its type in regional Victoria, establishing the Austin, Haimes and Upton Homes, and the Yarra Street Mission School.\nAnnie founded the Geelong branch of the Ministering Children's League in 1890, and with her son Howard - a leading benefactor on whom she was a profound influence- bought a cottage for the League, at Queenscliff, in 1895.\nShe was also interested in the YMCA, the Geelong Musical Society, the Geelong Horticultural Society, the Western District Agricultural Society and two women's social clubs, as well as the Geelong Art Gallery and the Geelong Protestant Orphanage.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hitchcock-geelongs-visionary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hitchcock-george-michelmore-1831-1912\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-western-district-ladies-benevolent-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Newcomb, Caroline Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "PR00642", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newcomb-caroline-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, England", "Death Place": "Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Church worker, Community worker, Pastoralist, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Caroline Elizabeth Newcomb ran the early Port Phillip properties Boronggoop, then Coryule, in partnership with Ann Drysdale, from 1840 until after Ann's death in 1853.\u00a0\u00a0In 1855 she founded and became the inaugural president of the Geelong Ladies Benevolent Society, now Geelong and Western District Ladies Benevolent Society.\u00a0In 1861 she married the Rev James Dodgson.\n", "Details": "Caroline Newcomb was the daughter of the British Commissary in Spain. She arrived in Van Diemen's Land in August 1833, at the age of 20, and moved to Port Phillip with the Batman family in April 1836, as governess.\u00a0She moved\u00a0 to Geelong as governess to the Thompson family, where Ann Drysdale met her upon her own arrival in the colony in 1840.\u00a0The two women formed a successful partnership, running first Boronggoop,on the Barwon River, which they extended to Leep Leep near Lake Connewarre, then Coryule, building both homesteads.\u00a0A devout Methodist, she joined the Wesleyan Church Society in Geelong on 4 January 1839, and was the first secretary of the Methodist Church at Drysdale, the town named after her partner.\u00a0\u00a0On Ann Drysdale's death in 1853, Caroline inherited the property, which she continued to manage.\u00a0She took an active interest in local affairs, giving land for the Wesleyan Church in Drysdale, and seeking the formation of the\u00a0Port Arlington Road Board, becoming its Secretary, and presiding over its first meeting.\u00a0In June 1855 she formed the Geelong Ladies Benevolent Society, and became its inaugural president. She married Rev. James Dodgson in 1861, and followed him on his circuit, passing away at Brunswick Wesleyan Parsonage in 1874, aged 62.\u00a0In 1956 the Geelong suburb of Newcomb was named after her.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drysdale-anne-1792-1853\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lady-squatters-miss-ann-drysdale-and-miss-caroline-elizabeth-newcomb-boronggoop-and-coriyule\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-pioneers-cutting-book-vol-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diaries-of-anne-drysdale-1839-1854-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Drysdale, Anne", "Entry ID": "PR00658", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drysdale-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Scotland", "Death Place": "Drysdale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pastoralist", "Summary": "Anne Drysdale was a farmer in her own right in Scotland when she migrated to Australia for health reasons.\u00a0She arrived in Melbourne on the Indus in 1840, and travelled down to Geelong, where she met her future partner Caroline Newcomb at the residence of Dr Alexander Thomson. In October 1840, the two women took up a 10,000 acre lease on the Barwon, known as 'Boronggoop', later extending it to Leep Leep.\u00a0Their sheep run was a success, and in 1843 they obtained the Coryule run at Indented Head, purchasing the freehold in 1848, and subsequently disposing of Boronggoop. Anne Drysdale died at Coryule in 1853, aged 60.\u00a0The township of Drysdale in Victoria is named for her\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drysdale-anne-1792-1853\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lady-squatters-miss-ann-drysdale-and-miss-caroline-elizabeth-newcomb-boronggoop-and-coriyule\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-pioneers-cutting-book-vol-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diaries-of-anne-drysdale-1839-1854-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "George, Sarah Ann", "Entry ID": "PR00756", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/george-sarah-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Launceston, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Moreland, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pharmacist, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Sarah Ann George was the daughter of Thomas Wilkinson, the 'father of Brunswick', and Louisa Wilkinson. In 1856, at Geelong, at the age of seventeen, Sarah Ann married Joseph George, a pharmacist. Joseph had established a pharmacy in Sydney Road, Brunswick, in 1853, and Sarah worked with him as his assistant, eventually becoming registered as a pharmacist herself. She is believed to have been Victoria's first lady pharmacist, and one of the first to be registered. Sarah first registered in 1882, stating that she had been in business in Victoria before the required registration date of 1876. At this time, she was 43 years old, and her nine surviving children ranged in age from five to twenty-five years. Like her husband, who was a member of council and Mayor of Brunswick from 1884-5, Sarah was active in the Church of England, and interested herself in philanthropic work. She was President of the Boarding Out Committee in Brunswick for thirty years, and also of the Australian Women's National League both in Brunswick, and in Portland, where she instigated the branch.\n", "Details": "Sarah Ann Wilkinson was born in Launceston in 1839. Her father Thomas was at the time Catechist to prisoners in Launceston and Private Secretary to Major Ryan, Commandant of Launceston. The family moved to Port Philip in 1840, buying land in Brunswick in 1841. After a 10 year sojourn in Portland, they returned to Brunswick. In 1856 Sarah Ann married pharmacist Joseph George, and became a qualified pharmacist herself. The couple ran the pharmacy in Sydney Road until 1905 (Joseph dying in 1903), bringing up nine children to adulthood and losing three as infants. In 1915, as Thomas' last surviving child, Sarah erected a drinking fountain in his memory. It still stands at the corner of Park Street and Sydney Road, Brunswick. Sarah's strong political views were reflected in her presidency of branches of the Australian Women's National League, and her pride that all eligible male relatives had enlisted in the Great War. She was regarded as a woman of fine business instincts. Sarah's profession, like that of her husband, is declared on her tombstone in the Melbourne General Cemetery.\nThis entry was written with the assistance of Jennifer Hearn, Linda Schulz and the Brunswick Community History Group. They would be grateful if anyone with more information about Sarah George could contact them: details obtainable through the AWAP contact form.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brunswick-stories-and-histories-a-collection-of-articles-from-fusion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thomas-wilkinson-a-pioneer-of-principles-and-conviction\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilkinson-george-mchenry-family-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pharmacy-board-of-victoria\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bignell, Margaret Annie", "Entry ID": "PR00775", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bignell-margaret-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New Norfolk, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "East Brunswick, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Pharmacist", "Summary": "Margaret Annie Bignell was the seventh daughter of William and Elizabeth Blyth, of Hobart. She became Victoria's first registered female pharmacist, and one of the first women pharmacists to conduct her own business in the state, carrying on her husband's pharmacy in Lygon Street, Carlton, after his death in 1897. She was known for apprenticing women, and was an activist for the recognition of women pharmacists. Two of her daughters entered the profession. She was a subscribing member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria, and a founding member of the Women Pharmacists' Association, formed in 1905 to promote the interests of women pharmacists.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-college-of-pharmacy-125-years-of-history1881-2006\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-i-e-ann-blyth-mrs-bignell-photograph\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pharmacy-board-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stralia, Elsa", "Entry ID": "PR00875", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stralia-elsa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Soprano", "Summary": "Elsa was a famous soprano and was well-known in Australia, Europe and America. She gave herself the professional name Elsa Stralia in honour of her country of birth, Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stralia-elsa-1881-1945\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-files-1985-92-arthur-sketchley-elsa-stralia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bridges, Edith Lilian", "Entry ID": "AWE6433", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bridges-edith-lilian\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yarragee, near Moruya, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Mother, War widow", "Summary": "Lady Bridges was the initial president of the Friendly Union of Soldiers' Wives and Mothers, set up by her friend Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, wife of the Governor General, early in World War I to provide support for families of soldiers of the first AIF. The shock of the death of her husband, Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges, Commander of the first AIF, less than a month after the landing at Gallipoli and the prolonged and very public commemorative ceremonies associated with the return of his body to Australia and his reburial in Canberra, affected her health to the extent that the following year she retired from public life.\nAn adopted child, Edith's life was punctuated by tragedy including the loss of her first-born son soon after birth, the drowning of one of her seven-year-old twin girls in a boating accident on Sydney Harbour and the death of a 17-year-old son at boarding school in England. During World War I in addition to the loss of her husband, she worried constantly about her son Major Noel Bridges DSO, who fought at Gallipoli and the Western Front and was wounded in Flanders in 1918. Born Edith Lillian Francis in 1862 near Moruya, Lady Bridges died in Melbourne in 1926, aged 64, and was buried in St John's Churchyard, Canberra.\nRead a longer essay on Lady Bridges in the online exhibition War Widows of the ACT: A Forgotten Legacy of World War I.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sir-ronald-craufurd-munro-ferguson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/friendly-union-of-soldiers-wives-and-mothers-australian-imperial-forces-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-surveyors-and-selectors-a-genealogy-of-the-cowley-and-simpkins-families-and-associated-branches\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hobbs, Mary Eleanor", "Entry ID": "AWE4357", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hobbs-mary-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Church, Lancashire, England", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Homemaker, social activist, Suffragist", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/m-e-hobbs-of-skene-street-geelong\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Short, Katherine Hilda Tapley", "Entry ID": "AWE25073012", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/short-katherine-hilda-tapley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armley, Yorkshire, England", "Death Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Known as 'Tapley', Katherine Hilda Tapley Short, was an engaging and often provocative pioneering community leader in the 1920s and 1930s. Employed by the Young Women's Christian Association she supported working women in practical ways including educational and social programs, advanced women's sport, advocated women's political representation and broadened the YWCA's membership restrictions. She influenced business and industrial houses to support athletics and team sports for thousands of working women and girls through the Victorian Interhouse Girls Sporting Association. Her networking and tireless determination increased the number of sporting venues at Albert Park for women's basketball, hockey and cricket. A skilled organiser, Tapley was appointed the pioneering General Secretary of YWCA Newcastle (1922-23) and YWCA Canberra (1929-36) and ensured their successful futures.\n", "Details": "Tapley's parents were the Reverend Thomas Tapley Short and Mary Lawry Sturges. She emigrated with her family to Melbourne in 1892 and worked as an unpaid curate for her father when he was the Anglican Vicar of St Margaret's Mildura and St Paul's Ballarat East. She also worked as a teacher, sports mistress and resident mistress in three independent girls' schools (Fairlight, Toorak College and Clyde).\nShe was first employed by the YWCA Melbourne as the Assistant General Secretary in 1921, travelling to different locations to establish programs to support young working women. In Kyabram and Maroopna, fruit-growing areas in Victoria which provided seasonal work for girls, she worked with cannery owners and the local community to provide safer accommodation and organise social, educational and sporting activities. After Tapley's speech to a meeting of 250 'business' girls in Newcastle, she was appointed their first General Secretary and she introduced programs such as a Saturday morning children's play group for young married women, bushwalking, nature study\u00a0 and suppport for the Workers Educational Association. On her return to Melbourne in 1923, she represented the YWCA at meetings with the Education Department and the National Council of Women Victoria's Education Committee, advocating increased opportunities for girls' education and training and to raise the school leaving age to 15 years.\nAt the first YWCA Australia national conference in 1926, Tapley, as an inaugural National Board member, gave an inspirational speech 'Woman's Place in Public Life' which began: 'No democracy may leave one sex to legislate for the other'. As the first President of the Victorian Interhouse Girls Sporting Association, she was also instrumental in ensuring that businesses such has Myer Emporium and Kodak sponsored teams in athletics (including skipping races, flag relays, sack races, ball games and flat races). There were also swimming, basketball, baseball and hockey competitions. Her negotiations with business and community leaders resulted in increased land being made available at Albert Park for girls' and women's sport.\nIn 1929 Tapley was appointed the first General Secretary for YWCA Canberra, a challenging role as many young women were employed in the public service and in businesses but the city had not yet developed social programs or transport infrastructure. Under Tapley's leadership, the membership was not restricted to the traditional Protestant base and she also encouraged girls' leadership. The club rooms became the main youth centre in Canberra for both young men and women with activities such as team games, psychology classes, arts and crafts, and hiking activities (which later developed into bushwalking and ski clubs). In 1931, YWCA Canberra's new building was funded by YWCA clubs fundraising across Australia, but as the Great Depression hit, Tapley had to rely on sourcing donations of second-hand equipment and furniture. Despite these difficulties, she organised the first national YWCA conference in Canberra in 1932 and other activities such as sports and evening lectures increased.\nReturning to Melbourne in 1936, Tapley held the position of Associate General Secretary until 1938, when at the invitation of the Anglican Bishop of Goulburn, she took on various social work projects to support girls. She retired in 1940 and lived with a married sister in Hawthorn until her death in 1947.\n\u00a0\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dauntless-bunch-the-story-of-the-ywca-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-work-in-progress-a-history-of-the-ywca-of-canberra-1929-2009\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-place-in-public-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/y-w-c-a-1882-1982-melbourne-pictorial-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/when-the-girls-wake-up-what-a-wonderful-world-this-will-be\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-tapley-short-farewell-by-canberra-friends\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-tapley-short-tributes-from-the-ywca\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-ywca-of-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ducker, Sophie Charlotte", "Entry ID": "AWE26050531", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ducker-sophie-charlotte\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Berlin, Germany", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanist, University lecturer", "Summary": "Sophie Ducker was a renowned German-Australian botanist and botanical historian. Born in Berlin to a prominent family of Jewish ancestry, she fled a succession of war zones before arriving in Australia in 1941. She joined the University of Melbourne Botany Department in 1944 as a technical assistant. She was elevated to senior lecturer, then reader in Botany with a particular interest in mycology and phycology before her retirement in 1974, when she continued to research and publish works on the history of botany and botanists.\n", "Details": "Sophie Charlotte Ducker (n\u00e9e von Klemperer) was born on 9 April 1909 in Berlin, Germany, the daughter of Victor von Klemperer, a German banker of Jewish background, and his wife Sophie Reichenheim. She was raised and began her schooling in Dresden, later matriculating at Cheltenham Ladies College, England.\nSophie's interest in botany began at age six, while ill with scarlet fever, her grandmother taught her to preserve and press plants. She began her botanical studies with prominent freshwater phycologist R. H. Chodat (1865-1934) in Geneva and continued at the Universities of Geneva and Stuttgart. Her education was interrupted by her marriage to Dr Johan Friedrick Ducker in 1931. The couple's only surviving child, Klaus Heinrich Ducker, was born in 1933.\nThe emergence of the Nazi regime forced the family to flee Germany in 1938. They first settled in Tehran, Persia, now Iran, before Sophie travelled to visit her parents, who had fled to Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe. The outbreak of World War II in 1939 trapped her in the country, where she\u00a0remained\u00a0for some time, finding employment as a governess on a remote farm. She booked passage on an Italian ship headed for Tehran in 1940, but the journey back to her husband and son was perilous, with Italy entering the war shortly after departure, the ship being pursued by a British warship before landing in remote southeastern Iran and obliging Sophie to make a risky journey overland, partly on camel, to reach her destination.\nThe Duckers sought refuge in Australia in 1941 and were detained at the Enemy Aliens Detention Centre at Tatura in Victoria, where conditions were difficult. In February 1944, Sophie gave birth to a stillborn daughter, Catherine Sophie Ducker, at Waranga Hospital in Goulburn, before returning to the internment camp. Circumstances at Tatura continued to deteriorate, and the family successfully petitioned for their release, settling in Melbourne.\nSophie returned to her botanical career in late 1944 when she was appointed technical assistant to Dr Ethel McLennan at the University of Melbourne's School of Botany, whose laboratory was establishing and maintaining cultures to study the antibiotic properties of fungi and soil microorganisms. She completed a Bachelor of Science and a master's degree during this time and became a Demonstrator in Botany in 1953. She was made Senior Lecturer in 1961 and was eventually appointed Reader in Botany in 1973 before stepping down in 1974, though she continued to conduct research, publish and lecture well into retirement. She was awarded a Doctor of Science (DSc) from the University of Melbourne in 1978.\nSophie believed her career had three distinct phases: the study of mycology, then phycology, beginning with the research of marine algae and expanding to include the study of marine flowering plants and seagrasses, followed by her late career interest in the history of botany and Australian gardens. She initiated the 1969 and 1973 studies of Port Philip Bay and, over the course of her career, supervised graduate students and maintained long collaborations with colleagues.\nSophie's fluency in several languages informed her historical research and her work in assessing the contributions of French, German and Austrian scientists to Australian botany and phycology. The work of Irish botanist William Henry Harvey (1811-1866) proved an enduring interest, and Sophie published six accounts of his life, the most notable being her book The Contented Botanist, issued in 1988. She also published on the work of figures such as William Dampier (1651-1715), Karl von H\u00fcgel (1794-1870) and Baron Ferdinand von Mueller (1825-1896), wrote on the history of the system garden at the University of Melbourne and contributed entries to the Australian Dictionary of Biography.\nHer interest in the history of women scientists may have been informed by the infamous 'glass ceiling' at the University of Melbourne, which saw many talented scientists, including Dr Ethel McLennon and Sophie herself, denied elevation to full professorship and only granted the rank of Reader in their final year before retirement.\nSophie was an avid reader and collector of books. As a member of the Committee of Friends of the Baillieu Library, she donated approximately 1200 volumes from her personal collection to the library's Special Collections. The Ducker Collection features many botanical\u00a0publications with books on marine plants,\u00a0corals\u00a0and algae, as well as volumes reflecting her research into botanical illustration.\u00a0Her archival papers can be found in the University of Melbourne Archives.\nSophie was awarded the Mueller Medal for her contribution to marine botany in 1996 and was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1997 for her research into the history of botany and her contribution to science and education. The University of Melbourne supports two scholarships in her name; the Sophie Ducker Postgraduate Scholarship for PhD students in the field of botany, while the Klemperer-Ducker Scholarship is open to honours and master's students studying native Australian flora.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-to-know-them-sophie-ducker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ducker-sophie-charlotte-1909-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ducker-sophie-charlotte-1909-2004-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-tribute-to-dr-sophie-c-ducker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sophie-ducker-distinguished-botanist-and-library-benefactor\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sophie-charlotte-ducker\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Working Women's Centre Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE0012", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Melbourne Working Women's Centre was the first trade union women's research and advisory centre in Australia. Established in 1975, under the auspices of the white collar union peak body, the Australian Council of Salaried and Professional Associations (ACSPA), it operated as an independent lobby and research group concentrating on women's issues in employment. When the ACSPA amalgamated with the ACTU in 1979, so too did the Working Women's Centre. It became defunct in 1984.\n", "Details": "The Working Women's Centre (WWC) was established in 1975 with the assistance of an International Women's Year seeding grant and received ongoing support from the National Women's Advisory Council. Mary Owen and Sylvie Shaw were coordinators and the service employed two part-time migrant liaison officers. A multilingual poster was the Centre's first publication followed by a discussion paper on the particular needs of migrant women. The centre's periodical Women at Work saw a growth in circulation numbers from 6000 subscriptions in 1977 to 13,000 in 1982.\nThe WWC conducted a range of activities from researching issues affecting women in the workforce to running training programs dealing with women's work issues (occupational health, worker's compensation, trade union training, dealing with discrimination etc). It gave expert evidence in industrial tribunals, lobbied governments and unions for changes to women's position in the workforce, participated in government committees dealing with social security and job training etc., helped establish transition programs (at TAFE colleges) for women wishing to return to the workforce, spoke regularly at workplaces, conducted research on shift work, child care and occupational health problems including stress among 'blue collar' women workers, and developed a Register of Women in Non-Traditional jobs made up of women who would go to schools and community groups to talk about breaking the 'traditional' workforce mould.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-owen-1951-2017-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0021", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) was established in Melbourne in 1972 by Beatrice Faust. She was inspired by feminists in the United States who had been rating presidential candidates. The organisation quickly spread to Sydney, Adelaide and Canberra and in 1978 WEL Australia was formed as a coalition of state, territory and regional groups. Primarily a women's political lobby group, WEL surveyed political candidates and their policies affecting women, wrote submissions and developed media skills for women to lobby for the inclusion of women in the area of government policy. Originally the WEL campaign was based on six demands: equal pay, equal employment opportunity, equal access to education, free contraceptive services, abortion on demand and free 24-hour childcare.\n", "Details": "In February 1972, feminist Beatrice Faust invited ten women to a meeting in her Carlton house to discuss the forthcoming Federal election. They decided to survey election candidates on issues of special interest to women, as Ms Magazine had done in the USA during a recent presidential campaign.\nBy the second meeting the initial membership had doubled, and 130 women attended the third meeting a short time later.\nEarly the following year, there was a Victorian state election, and WEL organised a major forum in Dallas Brooks Hall, bringing together on stage the leaders of all five current political parties to answer the question:\nWhy should women vote for you?\nWEL's first national conference in Canberra in 1973 was attended by 400 women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/researching-wel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/can-ladies-work-here-too-nanna\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/power-and-protest-movements-for-change-in-australian-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/social-movements-the-politics-of-moral-protest\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-to-power-australias-1972-election\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-description-and-analysis-of-aspects-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-an-historical-inquiry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-political-development-of-the-womens-movement-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-within-the-system-the-womens-electoral-lobby-fifteen-years-on\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-emergence-of-contemporary-feminist-groups-in-australia-with-special-reference-to-the-womens-liberation-movement-and-the-womens-electoral-lobby-in-the-act\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-employment-strategies-and-outcomes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-interrelationship-between-interest-groups-and-social-movement-organisations-the-experience-of-wel-1972-83\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-1972-1982-sites-of-conflict-in-non-party-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wel-women-recollections-of-some-of-the-first-wel-act-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-history-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-sa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wel-21-years-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-history-of-womens-electoral-lobby-wa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-womens-electoral-lobby-coffs-harbour\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-australia-new-zealand-1972-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-the-gilded-cage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catching-the-waves\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ducks-on-the-pond-an-autobiography-1945-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-voices-womens-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-women-count-a-history-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-in-suits-women-and-public-policy-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-on-womens-non-government-organizations-conference-beijing-china-august-31-september-8-1995-deborah-mcculloch-womens-electoral-lobby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-poster-think-w-e-l-before-you-vote\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bebbington-laurie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bethune-dulcie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-ward-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholson-joyce-thorpe-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-9\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-10\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-11\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-12\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-13\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-14\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-15\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-16\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-17\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-18\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-20\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-21\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-22\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-records-1973-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-pamphlets-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-the-womens-liberation-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sara-dowse-1958-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-liberation-movement-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-meredith-hinchliffe-1957-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speeches-1972-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-meredith-stokes-circa-1970-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-barbara-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-darwin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-realia-and-papers-relating-to-womens-issues-and-organisations-1975-2008-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-edna-ryan-1948-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-records-ca-1970-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-ryan-papers-1965-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-ryan-further-papers-1961-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-di-graham-1975-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-reynolds-1973-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-shirley-kral-1953-2015-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meredith-hinchliffe-collection-no-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-ten-years-of-sydney-womens-liberation-collection-ca-1969-ca-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judith-steanes-interview-with-joan-bielski-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-bielski-papers-1968-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/subject-folders\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-associated-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/banner-with-handprints-of-those-who-attended-the-women-for-reconciliation-dinner\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queen Victoria Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE0049", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital", "Summary": "Established in 1896, the Queen Victoria Hospital in Melbourne was the first women's hospital in Victoria, operated for women by women. Originally housed in William Street, Melbourne, new premises were purchased with money raised by Victorian women contributing to Dr Constance Stone's 'Shilling Fund'. The hospital moved to its Lonsdale Street site in 1946. In 1989 it was relocated to the Monash Medical Centre at Clayton.\nEstablished in 1896 as the Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, as a clinic in a local church hall, The Queen Victoria Hospital was one of three hospitals in the world founded, managed and staffed by women, 'For Women, By Women', for the benefit of poor women uncomfortable with male doctors. There were eleven female founding doctors led by Dr Constance Stone.\nThe hospital was funded by an appeal coinciding with Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. After three years, there were enough funds to move into separate premises, the old Governess Institute in Mint Lane. Known as the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, the name changed to the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital when the Queen died in 1901.\nIn 1946, the hospital moved into premises vacated by the Royal Melbourne Hospital on Lonsdale Street. In 1965, it became Monash University's teaching hospital for obstetrics, gynaecology and paediatrics, at which point it became a 'Family Hospital' that treated and employed males.\nIn 1977 the hospital amalgamated with McCulloch House and was renamed the Queen Victoria Medical Centre. The years later , in 1987, it merged with Moorabbin Hospital and moved to Clayton. In 1991 it was involved with yet another merger, this time with Prince Henry's Hospital, to form the Monash Medical Centre.\n", "Details": "From its beginnings as an out-patients' dispensary in La Trobe Street (where the three Drs Stone - Constance, Clara and Mary - worked on Monday mornings), the Queen Victoria Hospital expanded its premises with the purchase of the Governess' Institute at Mint Place in 1899, funded by a Jubilee Shilling Fund appeal. \nThe National Council of Women of Victoria moved for the establishment of an operating theatre for out-patients at the hospital in memory of Mary Stone, honorary secretary of the Council from 1904 to 1910. The theatre was opened in 1912. When the hospital added a new pathology block in 1937 it was named after Dr Janet Greig. In 1946 the hospital moved to premises on Lonsdale Street.\nIn 1977, the Queen Victoria Hospital was one of a number of institutions (including the Jessie McPherson Hospital and McCulloch House, a convalescent home) to amalgamate and form The Queen Victoria Medical Centre. It continued to operate from its Lonsdale Street site until 1989, when it was sold and relocated to the Monash Medical Centre at Clayton.\nFollowing its closure, the centre tower of the hospital was refurbished and handed over to the women of Victoria. It is now known as the Queen Victoria Women's Centre.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bricks-or-spirit-the-queen-victoria-hospital-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-hospital-1899-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bush-nursing-in-victoria-1910-1985-the-first-seventy-five-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-queen-victoria-womens-hospital\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyceum Club (Melbourne)", "Entry ID": "AWE0054", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyceum-club-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Lyceum Club (Melbourne), established in 1912, was directly modelled on the lyceum clubs of England. Membership is restricted to women graduates and other women who had distinguished themselves in art, music, literature, philanthropy or public service.\n", "Details": "A group of women interested in forming a lyceum club in Melbourne first met in 1910. Later that year, Ethel Osborne, who had been instrumental in organising this meeting, London's Lyceum Club and reported back to the group on its operations. In 1912 Osborne was elected foundation vice-president of the new Lyceum Club (Melbourne). Its founders in Australia, as in London, hoped the Club would gain equal standing with the prestigious male clubs of the day. They were to provide a base for elite women's influence and advancement. As reflected in its admission requirements the clubs were particularly committed to furthering women's professional careers. They provided an arena in which elite professional women could form strong networks and cultivate useful contacts. Indeed, the Clubs were explicitly designed to provide a space for female networking - both locally and internationally. The Lyceum quickly became Melbourne's premier women's club, and by 1930 claimed 900 members. The Club continues today, although its influence has diminished.\nFounding members included:\nDr Janet Lindsay Greig, Miss Jessie Webb, Miss Enid Derham, Dr Constance Ellis, Dr Georgina Sweet, Dr Jane Greig, Flos Greig, Mrs Ray Phillips, Miss Alice Michaelis, Mrs Mary Barden, Miss Dora de Beer, Miss Stella Deakin, Miss Elizabeth Lothian, Mrs Ida Latham, Mrs Eleanor Latham, Miss Mona McBurney, Miss Mary Baldwin and Mrs Jessie Nott.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lyceum-club-melbourne-1912-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorandum-and-articles-of-association-of-the-lyceum-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/qualifications-for-membership-and-rules-for-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/literary-women-a-checklist-of-work-by-members-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1920-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-lyceum-club-and-papers-1970-1975-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1912-ca-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1910-2013-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1916-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1975-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Council of Social Service", "Entry ID": "AWE0069", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-service\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-service-ephemera-material-in-the-riley-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-service-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1946-1988-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speeches-social-welfare-and-the-trade-union-movement-address-to-vcoss-mt-isa-october-13-1976-folder-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-spiro-and-margaret-moraitis-1952-2002-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sybylla Press", "Entry ID": "AWE0091", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sybylla-press\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist publisher", "Summary": "Sybylla Feminist Press was established as a printing cooperative in 1976 and since 1982 has run a small publishing program producing titles that explore feminist and left perspectives. The publications include fiction and non-fiction by women, with a special interest in new writers and work that is innovative in style.\n", "Details": "Sybylla's list includes Working Hot, winner of the 1989 Innovative Writing Prize in the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, and She's Fantastical, shortlisted for the 1995 World Fantasy Awards. While occasional grants have been awarded for particular publishing projects, Sybylla receives no recurrent funding from government or other bodies for its operations. Due to escalating costs the printery was relinquished in 1988, and since then a small group of women have contributed their unpaid labour to maintain Sybylla's publishing venture.\nIn the context of increasing concentration of media ownership in Australia, Sybylla is committed to independently owned, alternative publishing. Although Sybylla continues to publish unique pieces of fiction and non-fiction, the titles from its early years still speak to the current cultural, political and social landscape, and many have seeped their way into the Australian cult canon. In the 1990s Sybylla has established a working relationship with Spinifex press, another Melbourne based feminist publisher. Sybylla and Spinifex work together in the areas of distribution and cross-promotion.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vwllfa-archives-biographies-archive-no-25-sibylla-press\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1976-2003-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Spinifex Press", "Entry ID": "AWE0092", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spinifex-press\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist publisher", "Summary": "Spinifex Press is an independent feminist press, publishing innovative and controversial fiction and non-fiction by Australian and international authors.\nIt was established by Renate Klein and Susan Hawthorne in the early 1990s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Office of Women's Policy", "Entry ID": "AWE0127", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-womens-policy\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Government department", "Summary": "The Office of Women's Policy, located in the Department of Premier and Cabinet provides strategic policy advice to the Victorian Government on issues of concern to women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Action Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0152", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-action-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Action Committee grew out of initial meetings held by Dr Zelda D'Aprano, Alva Geikie and Thelma Solomon in 1970. WAC's campaigns highlighted the inequality of women's pay scales by paying only 75% of the fares when riding on public transport. WAC incorporated itself into the growing Melbourne women's liberation movement in mid 1972.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Nursing Mothers' Association Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0158", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-nursing-mothers-association-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "Originally named the Nursing Mothers' Association the extra A for Australia was added in 1969 to reflect the national nature as the Association grew.\nEstablished at a time when formula feeding was seen as modern and fashionable and viewed as being as good as, if not better than breastfeeding.\n", "Details": "Established in 1964 by Mary Paton and five of her friends - Jan Barry, Glenise Francis, Pat Paterson, Pauline Pick and Sue Woods, with the idea of breast feeding mothers supporting each other.\nThe association commenced at a time when censorship restrictions would not allow words such as 'breast', 'pregnant' or 'nipple' in public print or on the airwaves. The Postmaster General's Department (part of which is now known as Telstra) would not allow the word 'breastfeeding' to be printed in the telephone directory. The name Nursing Mothers' Association was decided upon as it combined the ideas of breastfeeding and nurturing.\nBy 1965, the Constitution and the NMA Code of Ethics were adopted, as well as a counsellor training system being introduced. And publications Increasing Your Supply, Survival Plan and Toddlers' Activities being produced in 1968. The Increasing Your Supply booklet was later translated into Greek - reflecting the changing makeup of the Australian society.\nIn 1976 the first breastfeeding Helpline was established in Melbourne, with trained volunteer Breastfeeding counsellors, taking calls day and night.\nMembers of the Association voted in May 2001 for a change of name to the Australian Breastfeeding Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1964-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nursing-mothers-association-of-australia-records-1969-2004-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Graduates' Association, Geelong Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0216", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-graduates-association-geelong-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Women Graduates' Association, Geelong Branch resolved to disband on 15 September 1981. A belated \"coffee party\" was announced for 6 May 1982 of the \"Geelong Graduates' Group, ex A.F.U.W. - Geelong\" to reminisce, plan for the future and discuss commitment to the Deakin Foundation.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-7\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Graduates' Association, Mildura Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0217", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-graduates-association-mildura-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Mildura Branch of the Victorian Women Graduates' Association was formed in July 1949 and existed until 7 March 1979.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0219", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria was founded in 1887 when the 12 existing local branches in Melbourne suburbs and regional Victoria joined together to form a Colonial Union. It is primarily dedicated to promoting total abstinence from alcohol and other harmful drugs and all members sign a pledge to this effect. Under its broader agenda of 'home protection' and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and in its belief that the dangers of alcohol could not be tackled in isolation, the WCTU has pursued a very wide-ranging reform agenda mostly relating to the welfare of women and children. Importantly, influenced by its sister organisation in the United States, the Union became a major supporter of the campaign for women's suffrage in Australia as it was believed that power at the ballot box was the only way to achieve their goals. While at its most influential in the years up to WWI, the movement continues today.\n", "Details": "The first local Union was established in Victoria in 1885 and the movement grew rapidly. The Victorian Union was founded largely due to the efforts of Marie Kirk and the Rev. Philip Moses who arranged the first Organising Conference in 1887. The foundation president was Mary Love, who had been a member of the Union in the United States prior to her move to Melbourne in 1886. At its first Annual Convention in 1888, the Union outlined its operational agenda of 'Organisation, Preventive Work, Social Work and Educational Work.' By 1891 it had 57 branches.\nBy 1890 the Victorian Union had also committed itself to the suffrage cause: passing a resolution that:\n'As men and women are alike in having to obey the laws \u2026 they should also be equal in electing those who make the laws; and, further, that the ballot in the hands of women would be a safeguard to the home, in which the interests of women are paramount, and as what is good for the home is also good for the State, the enfranchisement of women would be conducive to the highest national welfare.'\nIn 1891 the Union sent a deputation to the Premier who responded cautiously that in order for him to take any action on the matter there would need to be united and representative agitation on the part of women. The Union thus approached the other two suffrage societies to discuss combined action. It was decided to launch a vigorous effort to gather signatures for a petition. They began a massive door knocking campaign which captured much attention. Never before had such large numbers of women taken to the streets in common cause. 30,000 signatures were collected and presented to parliament. The Union was instrumental in the formation of the Victorian Woman's Suffrage League in 1894.\nThe Union has also been involved in a range of other issues and causes. It was one of the first four groups to affiliate with the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902. From its inception, the Union became concerned with children's welfare. It campaigned for reforms in the 'boarding-out' system and the appointment of inspectors and the raising of the age of consent for girls from 12 to 16 years. In 1909 it established Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria Kindergarten in Richmond, with an associated School for Mothers which held lectures by doctors and had visiting nurses. This was the first such institution in the State and was a forerunner of Baby Health Centres. The Kindergarten closed in 1953, but was reopened as an Occupational Centre for Mentally Retarded Children. From its earliest years it has also run a children's branch, the Loyal Temperance Union.\nFrom its earliest days, the Union has also been interested in the welfare of working-class 'girls', forming Clubs for Girls and offering affordable accommodation and meals at various hostels and its headquarters.\nOther issues tackled by its various Departments of Work included prison reform, Aboriginal welfare, sex education, film censorship, early childhood education, peace and arbitration. In recent years, the WCTU has turned its attention to drug education, anti-smoking and gambling strategies and to the campaign against drink-driving.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forward-in-faith-an-historical-record-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-covering-the-years-1947-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-convention-reports-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/post-war-women-reformers-and-aboriginal-citizenship-rehearsing-an-old-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reading-the-silences-suffrage-activists-and-race-in-nineteenth-century-settler-societies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/religion-and-public-life-catholic-women-for-this-world-and-the-next\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonising-motherhood-evangelical-social-reformers-and-koorie-women-in-victoria-australia-1880s-to-the-early-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sex-education-debates-and-the-modest-mother-in-australia-1890s-to-the-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temperance-christianity-and-feminism-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-1887-97\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mission-to-the-home-the-housewives-association-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-and-protestant-christianity-1920-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-of-australias-daughters-an-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-jubilee-1887-1937\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-god-home-and-humanity-a-history-of-the-geelong-city-union-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-1888-to-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-peace-department-and-local-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oral-evidence-presented-on-behalf-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-to-a-board-of-inquiry-into-the-operation-of-the-liquor-control-act-1968-at-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-sacred-trust-cecilia-downing-baptist-faith-and-feminist-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-good-that-we-can-do-cecilia-downing-and-feminist-christian-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christian-women-and-changing-concepts-of-citizenship-rights-and-responsibilities-in-interwar-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prowlers-in-the-darkened-cinema-australian-church-womens-associations-and-the-arrival-of-the-motion-picture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-citizens-of-the-new-nation-reading-some-visual-evidence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-18\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-white-ribbon-signal-official-organ-of-the-womans-temperance-union-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/youth-book-of-citizenship-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-busy-womans-home-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temperate-feminists-marie-kirk-and-the-wctu\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-inc-community-organisation-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools of Victoria - Invergowrie Homecraft Hostel", "Entry ID": "AWE0264", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Invergowrie Homecraft Hostel was established as the Homecraft Hostel in 1929 by the Association of Headmistresses of Independent Schools of Victoria (now the Association of Independent Girls Schools of Victoria). Their aims were two-fold: to provide girls on leaving school with a practical home-training; and to establish home and institutional management as a recognised profession for women. Mrs May Isabel Weatherly was the first Principal 1929-38, followed by Margaret Ellen Kirkhope 1938-1967 and Judith Secombe 1968-73. Administration of the school passed to the Invergowrie Council, formed from the Invergowrie Past Students Association, in 1967, when the Headmistresses Association no longer wished to run the Hostel. Dwindling enrolments and financial difficulties forced the Hostel's closure in 1973\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Details": "formerly Association of Headmistresses of Independent Schools of Victoria\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminine-singular-a-history-of-the-association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-place-a-history-of-the-homecraft-hostel-invergowrie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/invergowrie-past-students-association-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch), Womens' Central Organising Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0266", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-labor-party-victorian-branch-womens-central-organising-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political party", "Summary": "At the Australian Labor Party's annual conference on 1917, the constitution was amended to establish an official committee for women. The committee was responsible for 'organising women industrially and politically'. The executive committee was elected at a conference held by the Labor women of Victoria, in March 1918.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-labor-party-executive-minutes-womens-committee-and-campaign-material\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ga1109-hon-anne-levy-member-of-parliament\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Invergowrie Foundation", "Entry ID": "AWE0322", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invergowrie-foundation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Invergowrie Foundation is a public charitable trust. The primary focus of the Foundation is to promote and advance the education of girls and women within Victoria. The Foundation is administered by twelve Trustees. They are responsible for maintaining the assets and distributing annually the surplus funds to promote and advance education in Victoria.\n", "Details": "The history of The Invergowrie Foundation began in the post-war years of the 1920's with considerable interest among educationalists in raising the status of domestic work. In 1925, the Head Mistresses' Association established a committee, chaired by Miss Hilda Daniell, Principal of Ruyton, and including the principals of five other leading independent girls' schools - Lauriston, Rosbercon, Clyde, Stratherene and Queen's - to consider the feasibility of setting up a homecraft (or 'housecraft') hostel. Four years later, Lady Somers opened the Hostel, in Malvern Road Toorak, for students to be instructed in the art of Cookery, Household Management, Home Hygiene, Child Welfare, Laundry and Needlework.\nMoney, or the lack of it, was a major concern for the Hostel in those early days, as the first principal of the Hostel, Mrs May Weatherly, admitted with engaging frankness in 1933. Assistance was given, she recalled in her speech day report, by the \"lovely generosity\" of an anonymous donor. Some months later the same benefactor, Mr William E. McPherson and his sisters, presented their magnificent family home, 'Invergowrie,' to the Head Mistresses' Association for the use of the Hostel. Thus it was in 1934 that the Hostel was relocated to 'Invergowrie' in Coppin Grove, Hawthorn.\nThe new and larger premises enabled the education of full-time students, some of whom were in residence, as well as a number of part-time students. The first of its kind, the Hostel provided a course of domestic training for girls under conditions similar to those 'in the natural setting of the home.' Over 2000 students graduated from Invergowrie before the Governors decided to close the Hostel in 1973, due to the emergence of new educational pathways for young women and their impact on enrolments and the financial viability of the Hostel.\nIn 1992, the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools of Victoria (formerly the Head Mistresses' Association) sold the 'Invergowrie' property and The Invergowrie Foundation was established. The proceeds of that sale were invested through a Trust and each year monies are made available for educational purposes, the primary focus of the Foundation being to promote and advance the education of girls and women within the State of Victoria.\nIn 2006, the Foundation had approximately 90 members.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-place-a-history-of-the-homecraft-hostel-invergowrie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminine-singular-a-history-of-the-association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/invergowrie-past-students-association-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Exhibition of Women's Work 1907", "Entry ID": "AWE0384", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-exhibition-of-womens-work-1907-5\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Exhibition Buildings, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Exhibition", "Summary": "Held at the Exhibition Buildings Melbourne from 23 October 1907 for five weeks.\nVisitors of the exhibition were able to view a display of arts and crafts including: paintings, drawings, sculpture, photography, pottery, needlework, leatherwork, woodwork, spinning and weaving. Exhibitors from Australia, Britain, Europe, North and South America, India and Africa contributed to the exhibition, which was the inspiration of Lady Northcote, wife of the governor-general.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-the-first-exhibition-of-womens-work-1907\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "War Widows' Guild of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0438", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-widows-guild-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The War Widows' Guild Of Australia was established in Victoria by the late Mrs Jessie Mary Vasey CBE, OBE. The broad aims of the Guild were to watch over and protect the interests of war widows. Qualification for membership of the Guild was restricted to widows of men who were killed on active service or whose deaths were accepted as being war-caused and were therefore in receipt of a war widow's pension. Later, widows of interned civilians who received a repatriation war widows' pension were included, as were widows of allied ex-servicemen.\n", "Details": "The Guild began in Victoria and was founded by the late Mrs Jessie Mary Vasey CBE, OBE. Her husband, General George Alan Vasey, an army officer, commanded Australian forces in Greece and New Guinea during World War II. While on leave in 1945 he called on the widow of one of his men and was appalled at her living conditions. It was Major-General Vasey's wish that after he returned from the battlefields he, with the help of his wife, would look after the families of the men who were killed while serving with him. On 5 March 1945, aged 49 years, Major-General Vasey was himself killed in an aircraft accident.\nJessie Vasey formed the War Widows' Guild of Australia on 22 November 1945. Qualification for membership of the Guild was restricted to widows of men who were killed on active service or whose deaths were accepted as being war-caused and were therefore in receipt of a war widow's pension. Later, widows of interned civilians who received a repatriation war widows' pension were included, as were widows of allied ex-servicemen.\nThe broad aims of the Guild were to watch over and protect the interests of war widows. While maintaining that every woman whose husband's death was due to war service should receive adequate monetary compensation from the Government, so that she and her family could maintain a dignified standard of living, Mrs Vasey believed that the surest way to rehabilitation was through self-help. To this end she organised the formation of craft groups. The women involved in these craft activities not only enjoyed the company of others in the same sad position as themselves, but they experienced the thrill of satisfaction that creativity brings and, by the sale of their work, were able to supplement the meagre compensatory pension at the time doled out to them by the Government.\nThrough Mrs Vasey's leadership, Guilds were formed in all States during 1946-1947 plus the Australian Capital Territory in 1966. All were united in a National Guild over which Vasey presided until her death in 1966. During this time she inspired the respect and devotion of a group of very able women in all States and through her efforts the lot of the war widow became better: many improvements took place in pensions, housing, children's allowances and hospital care.\nIn November 1947 Jessie Vasey called a conference of National Body delegates from all States to meet in Melbourne to form a federal body. While each State body is autonomous in domestic organisation, the Conference achieved unity and biennial congresses have been held ever since.\n\nMotto of the War Widows' Guild\nWe all belong to each other.\nWe all need each other.\nIt is in serving each other and in sacrificing for our common good that we are finding our true life.\n(Extract from an Empire Day Message from His Majesty the late King George the Sixth in 1949.)\n\nKookaburra Badge\nThe badge, made of silver and designed by Andor Meszaros, was introduced in 1951. The badge featured the kookaburra, an industrious and cheerful bird who mated for life, was fearless and aggressive in the defence of its young and the area of territory it regarded as its own. \"The kookaburra goes for what he wants and fights for its family. Isn't that what we are doing?\" Mrs Vasey asked her girls. The bird also had a unique call, not a song but a laugh, a chortle of rollicking mirth. It was a call to win the war widow back to laughter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-mean-destiny-the-story-of-the-war-widows-guild-of-australia-1945-85\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-widows-guild-of-australia-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carlton Refuge", "Entry ID": "AWE0498", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carlton-refuge\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Carlton Refuge was established in 1854 with the aim of reforming prostitutes through a combination of prayer and hard work, which usually meant laundry work. As some prostitutes were also mothers, the care of single mothers became a way of fulfilling its primary goal. By 1860 its role had changed to accepting young unmarried women on their discharge from hospital and by 1880 the major part of the Refuge's work was with those women. Declining demand and alternative means of care brought about its closure in 1949.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reminiscences-of-the-carlton-refuge-1815-to-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-childrens-services-the-history-of-the-carlton-refuge-from-the-1850s-to-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-and-their-children-disposal-punishment-and-survival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1875-1949-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Ladies Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0500", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "In response to the perceived needs of the 'deserving poor', the Melbourne Ladies Benevolent Society (MLBS) began operations as the Presbyterian Female Visiting Society in August 1845. By 1851, it was known as the MLBS, and retained that name until 1964, when it became the Melbourne Ladies' Welfare Society. The Society supplied food, clothing and other necessities to the respectable poor at home, particularly women in the Fitzroy and surrounding areas. The MLBS was acknowledged as Melbourne's principal relieving agency and played a major role in dispensing social service benefits until the 1940s, when the Commonwealth Government assumed a greater responsibility for social welfare.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-work-during-fifty-years-in-connection-with-the-melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society1845-1895\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-who-helped-pioneers-pages-of-melbourne-history-that-glow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poor-relief-in-melbourne-the-benevolent-societys-contribution-1845-1893\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-and-their-children-disposal-punishment-and-survival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deserted-and-destitute-motherhood-wife-desertion-and-colonial-welfare\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1850-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-r-c-dunn-addresses-from-the-melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society-november-1891-on-the-occasion-of-her-resignation-from-the-position-of-honourable-treasurer\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Temporary Teachers' Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0506", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temporary-teachers-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Temporary Teachers' Club was formed in October 1955 in response to pressure from the increasing numbers of qualified married women teachers who felt that marriage should not be a bar to permanent employment in the Victorian state teaching service. As a section of the Victorian Teachers' Union, it maintained pressure on that organisation to negotiate with the Victorian Government to legislate for the removal of the marriage bar. It could claim qualified success when appropriate legislation was passed in October 1956.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/of-secondary-concern-women-in-the-victorian-secondary-teachers-association-1953-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1954-1960-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council for the Single Mother and her Child (Australia)", "Entry ID": "AWE0507", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-for-the-single-mother-and-her-child-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The National Council for the Single Mother and her Child (NCSMC), established in 1973, evolved from the Victorian based Council for the Single Mother and her Child, which was formed in 1970 to advocate on behalf of single mothers and their children. Embracing the concept of self-help, it campaigned successfully for the introduction of a Supporting Mothers' Benefit, and supported single mothers who kept their children. The national body campaigned to abolish the legal construct of illegitimacy and to establish family courts to deal with affiliation proceedings and maintenance and custody rights. It continues to fight for the essential rights of all sole parent families.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-who-keep-their-children-disposal-punishment-and-survival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-who-keep-their-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1970-ca-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Justices' Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0522", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-justices-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Women Justices' Association of Victoria was formed in Melbourne on 30 June 1938 with the aim of uniting women justices, women special magistrates and women commissioners for the taking of affidavits throughout Victoria, all honorary appointments, 'in a bond of mutual help and support'. It worked to increase the number of appointments of women and to encourage those women to exercise their privileges. It remained active until 1971 when declining numbers, the result of fewer women available for voluntary work, forced it reconsider its role. In 1972 it reformed to become the Australian branch of the International Association of Youth Magistrates.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1939-1974-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Principals Association (Vic.)", "Entry ID": "AWE0523", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-principals-association-vic\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Women Principals Association (Victoria), as it was known from the late 1960s, was formed in July 1940 as the Association of Head Mistresses of Girls' Schools. Its membership comprised the Head Mistresses of the thirteen government girls' schools in existence at that time. It aimed 'to discuss topics of general educational interest and particularly matters bearing directly on girls' schools and their organisation'. It advocated strongly for the interests of students in girls' schools to ensure that they enjoyed the same conditions and opportunities as students in boys or co-educational high schools. In the 1970s it vigorously defended the retention of girls' schools in the state education system.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1976-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Medical Women's Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-medical-womens-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Medical Women's Society (VMWS), the pioneer medical women's organisation in Australia, was founded in 1896 as the Women's Medical Association, at the University of Melbourne Medical School. It was established to forge a closer relationship between medical women graduates and undergraduates and to promote the interests of medical women and further their professional development by education, research and improvement of professional opportunities.\nBy 1898 it had evolved into a postgraduate society, with meetings held in the consulting rooms of members. In 1927 it formed part of the Australian Federation of Medical Women. It continues to promote the health and welfare of all Australians, in particular women and children.\nIt promotes the health and welfare of all Australians, in particular women and children.\n", "Details": "Members of the Victorian Medical Women's Society founded the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women and Babies in 1896, the first hospital in Australia to be staffed entirely by women doctors. Dr Constance Stone was elected the first president of the VMWS with Dr Lillian Alexander its first Honorary Secretary. It celebrated its twenty-five year anniversary with a congress which displayed the activities of the hospital through demonstrations and lectures, and in March 1996 it marked its centenary with a conference held at the Monash Medical Centre. Although the VMWS celebrated its centenary in 1996, it is noted that its foundation meeting was held at the East Melbourne home of Dr Constance Stone on 22 March 1895. Others present included Clara Stone, Mary Page Stone, Lillian Alexander, Elizabeth and Annie O'Hara, Helen Sexton, Grace Vale and Margaret Whyte.\nIn addition to promoting the health and welfare of all Australians the VMWS continues to further the professional development of medical women and produces its own newsletter.\nAs of 2004,the VWMS:\nHolds bi-monthly meetings, at which a guest speaker presents a topic of clinical or medico-social consequence.\nHold meeting\/workshops with other groups of professional women incorporating matters of mutual interest.\nSends a bi-monthly newsletter to members.\nProvides an annual directory of members annually to encourage professional net-working.\nProvides mentoring opportunities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-medical-womens-society-book-of-memories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1912-1980-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Political Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0541", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-political-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Federal Political Association, the forerunner of the Women's Political Association, was established in 1903, with Vida Goldstein as president, to educate women in political matters. Men were not excluded from membership. In March 1904 it changed its name to the Women's Political Association of Victoria with the aim of organising more efficiently women's votes in the interests of the home and children, of efficient government at all levels, and of improved social and industrial conditions. In an attempt to challenge the party ticket system, the WPA declared itself to be non party political and refused to affiliate with any political party, although its sympathies lay with the Australian Labor Party. Goldstein believed that party politics subsumed the interests of women. The WPA supported Goldstein in her attempts to be elected to the federal parliament and adopted a pacifist stance in World War One. It disbanded in 1919 when Goldstein travelled overseas.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/that-dangerous-and-persuasive-woman-vida-goldstein\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-protest-movements-the-womens-peace-army-and-the-save-our-sons-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-role-of-certain-women-and-womens-organisations-in-politics-in-new-south-wales-and-victoria-between-1900-and-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-political-association-1903-1919-a-study-in-militant-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-voter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radical-melbourne-a-secret-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lady-politician-vida-goldsteins-first-senate-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-great-war-and-the-scarlet-scourge-debates-about-venereal-diseases-in-melbourne-during-world-war-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminists-labour-women-and-venereal-disease-in-early-twentieth-century-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennie-baines-suffrage-and-an-australian-connection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-enthusiasms-of-adela-pankhurst-walsh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-baron-henry-stafford-northcote-1908-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-1897-1919-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-leslie-m-henderson-circa-1880-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-january-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-chronicle-between-1950-and-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-cuttings-book-presented-to-edith-how-martyn-1943-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-diaries-and-lectures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-vida-goldstein-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-newspaper-cuttings-relating-to-her-candidature-for-the-federal-senate-in-1903\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Peace Army", "Entry ID": "AWE0542", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-peace-army\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Peace Army was established on 15 July 1915 at the offices of the Women's Political Association, in an attempt to mobilise the women in Australia who opposed all war, regardless of political party membership. It was to be a fighting body to destroy militarism 'with the same spirit of self-sacrifice that soldiers showed on the battlefield'. 'We war against war' was the motto of the Women's Peace Army. Their flag took the feminist colours of purple, green and white. The most well-known members were Vida Goldstein, president, Cecilia John and Adela Pankhurst. With autonomous branches in Sydney and Brisbane, the Women's Peace Army projected a radical, militant image with its socialist anti-war ideology and attracted large numbers to its sometimes controversial public meetings. Other tactics included participation in peace demonstrations, support for peace candidates at elections, petitions to members of parliament and practical help to those disadvantaged by war. It participated in the anti-conscription campaigns of 1916 and 1917. With the end of the Great War, the Women's Peace Army went into recess on 18 December 1919.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-voter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-peace-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/put-up-the-sword\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-unwritten-history-of-adela-pankhurst-walsh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blood-votes-and-the-bestial-boche-a-case-study-in-propaganda\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heroines-and-heroes-sexual-mythology-in-australia-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-protest-movements-the-womens-peace-army-and-the-save-our-sons-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radical-melbourne-a-secret-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-fighting-for\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-vida-goldstein-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-diaries-and-lectures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-cuttings-book-presented-to-edith-how-martyn-1943-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-chronicle-between-1950-and-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-january-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-leslie-m-henderson-circa-1880-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Governesses' Institute and Melbourne Home", "Entry ID": "AWE0549", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/governesses-institute-and-melbourne-home\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Governesses' Institute and Melbourne Home opened in Melbourne in 1863 with the aim of accommodating governesses, shop women, needlewomen and servants and to provide a central employment registry in a self-supporting institution. Its forerunner, the Melbourne Female Home, which opened in September 1857 in temporary premises in Collingwood, provided shelter only for newly arrived single female immigrants who were without friends in the colony. The Governesses' Institute occupied a number of premises over the course of its existence in Little Lonsdale St. Melbourne, \"Wynamo\" in St Kilda and \"Lovell House\" in Caulfield. The governing body comprised a central committee, with nine local or suburban committees. A matron was employed to supervise the Home and its occupants. Strict rules applied; women were only admitted if they arrived on a week day, could pay a week's board in advance and were without children. In 1863 Mrs Laura Jane a'Beckett was elected secretary of the management committee of six men and twenty-six women. It closed in 1936.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-governesses-letters-from-the-colonies-1862-1882\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-lady-in-every-sense-of-the-word-a-study-of-the-governess-in-australian-colonial-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1856-1936-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Catalysts' Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0550", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-catalysts-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Catalysts' Society developed out of the meetings of nineteen women with intellectual interests who planned to establish a Lyceum Club in Melbourne in 1910. The meetings proved so enjoyable that the women decided to meet on a regular basis while waiting for the Lyceum Club to be established. The nineteen original Catalysts held their first dinner meeting on 24 September 1910 at Sargent's Caf\u00e9. At that meeting they elected Ethel Osborne as president and Alice Michaelis and Jessie Webb as joint secretaries. They adopted the name of 'The Catalysts'. At their second meeting they chose their motto 'Changing but Unchanged'. Enid Derham presented the first paper on 'The works of Thomas Hardy', which was followed by discussion. This format for the monthly meetings continues today.\n", "Details": "The original Catalysts were:\nDr Ethel Osborne, Dr Janet Lindsay Greig, Miss Jessie Webb, Miss Enid Derham, Dr Constance Ellis, Dr Georgina Sweet, Dr Jane Greig, Flos Greig, Mrs Ray Phillips, Miss Alice Michaelis, Mrs Mary Barden, Miss Dora de Beer, Miss Stella Deakin, Miss Elizabeth Lothian, Mrs Ida Latham, Mrs Eleanor Latham, Miss Mona McBurney, Miss Mary Baldwin and Mrs Jessie Nott.\nThe meetings of the Catalysts are held on the second Monday of the month at the Lyceum Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1910-2013-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1912-ca-1970-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Pre-School Association. Victorian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0553", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-pre-school-association-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Pre-School Association, previously named the Australian Association for Pre-School Child Development, established in 1939, is the national association for the advancement of pre-school development. All major voluntary agencies in Australia who work in the field of pre-school education are affiliates. The Victorian branch was established in 1948 and is acknowledged as the representative voluntary pre-school body in the state. Its role is to make a co-ordinated approach to the state government when legislation related to pre-school groups is being prepared, when standards in pre-school centres are being negotiated or when requests for improved subsidies are under discussion. As a lobby group it has greatly strengthened the pre-school voice.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-australian-pre-school-association-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-to-executive-meeting-australian-pre-school-association-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1986-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Austral Salon of Music, Literature and the Arts", "Entry ID": "AWE0556", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-austral-salon-of-music-literature-and-the-arts\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Austral Salon of Music, Literature and the Arts was founded by a small group of women journalists in Melbourne as a club for women writers. It developed into a club for artistic and intellectual women interested in any of the fine arts and provided an important entre for many aspiring women musicians. The Salon continues it main aim of encouraging young artists by awarding scholarships and hosting student performances.\n", "Details": "The Salon was one of the first four groups to affiliate with the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902. Such artists as Ada Crossley, Amy Castles, Nellie Melba, Florence Autral, Marjorie Lawrence, Denise Dowling and Tilly Ashton were first heard at the Austral Salon.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-memories-of-the-austral-salon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-austral-salon-1890-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gentlewomen's Aid Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0565", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gentlewomens-aid-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Gentlewomen's Aid Society was established in 1894 in the Williamstown home of Mrs John Clark, wife of the Reverend Clark, in an attempt to assist the many 'gentlewomen' who were left destitute as a result of the 1890s economic depression. Eligibility for membership rested on a recommendation from a committee member, a medical practitioner or a clergyman stating that the applicant was in genuine need of the Society's assistance. The Society held two Sales of Work a year in a public hall to enable 'those ladies who are dependent on their own exertions to sell their work' and were either too frail or too old to battle the commercial world. The Society depended on donations and subscriptions to assist with operating costs. It remained in existence until 1989, when it was dissolved as a result of dwindling membership and declining demand for assistance the Society offered.\n", "Details": "In its annual reports the Gentlewomen's Aid Society stated that it offered assistance 'to any poor gentlewomen in Victoria, and is unsectarian, and the ladies of the Committee wish that its aims should be more widely known and understood, that, being more generally supported, they may be enabled to extend its usefulness'. A definition of 'gentlewoman' was 'a woman of good birth or breeding; a lady'. Although it was a registered charity organisation, it did not receive government aid.\nAfter each Sale of Work members received the full amount that their work realised, with any unsold articles returned to them. Expenses were defrayed by sale of tickets, donations and subscriptions and by profits from refreshment and sweet stalls.\nAfter all the expenses were paid and contingencies provided for, the Committee spent the balance buying useful garments which were sent to the various hospitals and asylums, which meant that not only did the Society assist its members, it helped those in other charitable institutions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1909-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Children's Aid Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0574", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-childrens-aid-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Children's Aid Society, originally named the Presbyterian Society for Neglected and Destitute Children, was established with the aim of rescuing 'neglected and destitute children'. Its officers comprised a president, two vice presidents, a secretary and a committee. Although an initiative of the Presbyterian Church, by October 1894, it became interdenominational and independent, with its name changed to the Victorian Neglected Children's Aid Society. The Society took in children, the majority of whom required temporary assistance and were the children of the 'deserving poor', and placed them with families in the country, who cared for them and educated them. Older children were taught household or farm work. It decided upon another name change in 1920, to the Victorian Children's Aid Society. In 1991 it became Family Focus and in 1992 it merged with other children's organisations to form Oz Child-Children Australia.\n", "Details": "As a result of a bequest Mrs Maria Amour left to Selina Sutherland, the Presbyterian Society for Neglected and Destitute Children was formed to continue the work that she and Selina Sutherland had begun in Melbourne. The founding president was the Reverend A Stewart. The Reverend J Thomson was the other man involved in the early committee. The founding committee comprised Mesdames Armstrong, Young, Sinclair, McCallum, Picken, Stewart, Hughes, Gunn, Munro, Roberts, Lambie and Misses Lorimer, Sutherland, Houston, Catt, Thomson, Sinclair, Gunn. Miss Selina Sutherland, as Agent of the Society, assumed responsibility for the care and placement of the destitute children. She was a Scottish nurse who had come to Melbourne via New Zealand, where she had been visiting her married sister. She met Mrs Maria Amour in Melbourne who had been involved in caring for homeless children. Selina Sutherland understood the importance of such work and decided to stay and assist with the children.\nAs the Victorian Neglected Children's Aid Society, it comprised five Honorary medical officers, and two Honorary Auditors. Mrs Bevan became president, with the Reverend Stewart as chairman. Miss Laws and Mrs McCallum were secretary and treasurer. The Council included Alfred Deakin, who was to become a prime minister of Australia, and Alexander Peacock who was premier of Victoria at the time of Federation. The Society worked from premises in La Trobe St from 1895 until 1901 when it moved to Swinburne House in Parkville.\nIn 1908 Miss Sutherland left the Society and died shortly after in 1909.\nCourts committed children to the care of the Society or alternatively, parents or guardians signed the children over to it if they were unable to look after them. The Society accommodated these children in its home, but endeavoured to send them to approved foster homes in the country. Fostered children remained under the legal control of the Society and were visited by its Agents and social workers.\nAs well as completely caring for children in this way, the Society also accepted children for short periods while their parents were in hospital or convalescing.\nIn 1966 the Society removed its home and headquarters from Parkville to a new building at Black Rock.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/selinas-legacy-from-vcas-to-oz-child\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-victorian-charity-network-in-the-1890s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1893-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "South Melbourne Ladies' Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0578", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The South Melbourne Ladies' Benevolent Society began in July 1875, when the Emerald Hill Benevolent Society formally handed over its work to a committee of women and continued to operate for one hundred and seven years. It provided relief to destitute families in the area. It was acknowledged as ' one of the best managed societies of its kind'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-melbourne-a-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1890-sept-2-1925-july-22-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children's Welfare Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0582", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/childrens-welfare-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Children's Welfare Association of Victoria (CWAV), established in 1912, is the co-ordinating body of non government child welfare agencies in Victoria. It is the peak body for over eighty community organisations delivering child and family support and welfare services. It aims to promote and protect the needs and rights of children and their families; to represent the needs of children and the agencies that assist them, to governments and other organisations; provide co-ordination and communication between welfare agencies and promote high standards in welfare programs. It attempts to meet these aims through holding conferences, producing publications and conducting research projects.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1944-1987-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Housewives Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0583", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/housewives-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Housewives Co-operative Association (later the Housewives Association of Victoria) was formed in mid-1915 and soon became one of the largest women's organisations in the state. The movement, reacting to the spiralling cost of living during World War I, initially aimed mainly at 'bringing the producer and consumer into direct contact' and providing discounted goods to members. In 1921, however, it also adopted a clear political objective: 'To advocate the equal status of women and adequate representation on all boards and tribunals dealing with the home and the cost of living.' From the 1930s the Association focussed more on the provision of training and information relating to household management and also became more involved in broader activism to improve the civil and political status of women and with other social reform causes.\n", "Details": "Inspired by the English Women's Co-operative Guild (founded in 1883), the Association was led at first by broadly left-liberal women\u2014President Ivy Brookes from the women's section of the Liberal Party, others from the Women's Political Association and Sisterhood of International Peace and some conservative women. The group struggled in its first few years, and by 1919 its executive was dominated by conservative women from organisations such as the Australian Women's National League and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, particularly Eleanor Glencross and Cecilia Downing. In the 1920s the organisation adopted a more overtly political agenda and they also campaigned for the Victorian Electoral Act to be amended to allow women to stand for parliament.\nA serous split in the organisation in 1930, over the issue of prohibition (which was supported by most members of the executive but not by the then president Delia Russell) saw the movement decline substantially again, but it recovered by the later in the decade.\nIn the 1930s the Association opposed tariffs and bounties and there was a new emphasis on information and training - with demonstration of domestic aids, lobbying for domestic science in schools and colleges, the establishment of a Resident Aid Home Service for the training of young women in housework (designed at least in part to encourage girls into domestic service) and numerous advice lectures and articles in the Housewife to do with housework, nutrition, mothercraft and other topics. From this point, the association also became more involved in broader activism to improve the civil and political status of women.\nDuring World War II the Associations functioned as a branch of the Australian Comforts Fund and formed war savings groups. In the immediate post-years, a breakaway organisation formed the nucleus of the New Housewives Association (founded in 1946 in New South Wales and 1928 in Victoria), a far more left-wing organisation which was later to become the Union of Australian Women.\nAlthough its fortunes fluctuated, the Association was certainly a large and influential group with a membership of over 20,000 in the 1920s, rising to 77,000 in 1938 (of a national total of 115,000). National membership peaked at about 175,000 in the late 1960s before an irreversible decline set in in the 1970s as the roles of women and the meanings attached to housework were reinvented or reformulated.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christian-women-and-changing-concepts-of-citizenship-rights-and-responsibilities-in-interwar-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mission-to-the-home-the-housewives-association-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-and-protestant-christianity-1920-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-early-years-of-the-housewives-association-of-victoria-1915-1930\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-housewives-association-vic\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/winning-essays-in-thrifty-meals-competition-comprising-full-menus-recipes-and-purchase-lists-carried-out-by-the-housewives-association-temple-court-collins-street-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-housewife-official-organ-of-the-housewives-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-sacred-trust-cecilia-downing-baptist-faith-and-feminist-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modernity-and-mother-heartedness-spirituality-and-religious-meaning-in-australian-womens-suffrage-and-citizenship-movements-1890s-1920s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/calling-all-housewives-housewives-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-movement-in-the-new-south-wales-and-victoria-1918-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-good-that-we-can-do-cecilia-downing-and-feminist-christian-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homefires-and-housewives-women-war-and-the-politics-of-consumption\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/calling-all-housewives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-herbert-and-ivy-brookes-1869-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza-harrison\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Storey Hall", "Entry ID": "AWE0597", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/storey-hall\/", "Type": "Cultural Artefact", "Birth Place": "Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Meeting Place", "Summary": "Built by the Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society as a meeting hall in 1887, the building now known as Storey Hall, located on the Swanston Street campus of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in Melbourne, Victoria, has a long, colourful history that includes its importance as a site for women's social and political protest. Notably, during World War I, the venue was leased to the Women's Political Association, who scheduled public meetings and rallies. The organisation's purple, white and green flag was hoisted on the roof of the building 'as a symbol of the sisterhood of women.' Various International Women's Day Functions have been held at the venue subsequently.\nIn honour of the building's importance to Victorian feminist activism, The Ashton Raggatt McDougall renovation in the 1990s made a feature of the feminist colours.\n", "Details": "The green and purple colours of Storey Hall bring to mind the hall's earlier life as a place for feminist debate and Catholic activism. Built by the Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society in 1887 'Hibernian Hall', as it was then called, played a significant role in the organisation of St Patrick's Day processions in Melbourne. By 1903 it was known as Guild Hall and Dureau Memorial Hall. During World War I the building was leased to a feminist pacifist organisation, the Women's Political Association, and was the venue for many of Melbourne's largest anti-conscription public meetings and rallies. Before being purchased, in 1957, by the Victorian Education Department, the building was owned at various times by the Eagle and Globe Steel Company of Sheffield, Melbourne Legacy and architect Bernard Evans, who later became Lord Mayor of Melbourne. In 1958 the hall was remodelled and named after Sir John Storey, an industrialist and member of the College Council for 15 years. Following the 1994 refurbishment the Royal Australian Institute of Architects judged RMIT Storey Hall 'of architectural significance'. The building received several awards and commendations in 1996-1997 including the RAIA National Architecture Award (Interior Award), Victorian Architecture Medal, William Wardell Award (Institutional) and Marion Mahony Award (Interior Category).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/storey-hall-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/storey-hall-rmit-building-16\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radical-melbourne-a-secret-history\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies", "Entry ID": "AWE0609", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies was formed as the result of the amalgamation of the Association of Victorian Benevolent Societies, which was established in 1911 and the Central Council of Victorian Benevolent Societies, which was formed in 1930. It became 'the representative body for all affiliated branches in the country'. Mrs Eva Tilley, JP, was its founding president. The Association's objectives were to present a united front on proposed legislation and regulation which might affect the work of the Benevolent Societies. The Association occupied rooms at 167 Collins Street, Melbourne. It worked to increase the number of local Benevolent Societies in order to meet the increasing need in the post World War Two period to relieve the distress of the unemployed, deserted wives and children, and into the 1960s, single mothers. It remained in operation until 1987, when reduced funding and lack of people prepared to assume positions on the executive, forced it to close. Its last address was Room 101, 10th Floor, Capitol House, 113 Swanston St, Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-1940-1986\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Orphan Asylum ( Vic.)", "Entry ID": "AWE0611", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-orphan-asylum-vic\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Melbourne Orphan Asylum was established in 1853 to provide residential care for orphans. It evolved out of the Dorcas Society, which was the first women's organisation to be established in Melbourne in 1845 on the initiative of Mrs George Cooper and Mrs William Knight and the St James' Visiting Society. It aimed to assist the most vulnerable members of society by providing emergency support for families and almost unintentionally launched into residential care work with children. The St James' Visiting Society became the St James' Orphan Asylum and Visiting Society in 1851, and in 1853 the Melbourne Orphan Asylum.\n", "Details": "Initially run by a committee of 'ladies', with Mrs Perry, wife of the Bishop of Melbourne, president, they had to accept occasional assistance from a committee of 'gentlemen', as married women were not permitted to hold property in their own names or to act as trustees. A Committee of Gentlemen was formed in 1854 to assist the Ladies Committee. The rules adopted imposed a men's business committee on the existing committee of ladies. Despite this unusual arrangement, it was the first organisation in the colony to include both men and women. Rule four of the new constitution stated that the Asylum was to be 'under the government of a president, six clergymen and six laymen of the various evangelical branches of the protestant church, elected annually by subscribers. The ladies became the junior partners, allocated the 'management of the domestic affairs of the institution'. Eventually the two separate committees had merged into one by 1875 when the Melbourne Orphan Asylum was incorporated. By-law 11 abolished the dual committee system , making provision for a single committee of eighteen men, including five ministers and twelve women.\nThe Asylum was conducted on principles of the Christian religion of the evangelical branches of the protestant church. Orphans were admitted regardless of their parents' creed or country. A matron was appointed to run the Asylum and orphans' relatives were permitted to visit only once a month.\nIt occupied its first site in Emerald Hill from March 1856, then made the decision in 1876 to sell the Emerald Hill site and move to Brighton. By 1883 the address was 'Windermere', Butler St, Middle Brighton. This institution remained in operation until attitudes to the welfare of children changed during the 1950s to embrace the family group, rather than the child alone, as the centre of welfare policy. This meant that the model of normal family life should also be applied to residential care. In February 1958 the Committee agreed to experiment with three family group homes. By 1963 the new headquarters were located at Glen Waverley, and all the children were housed in fourteen family group homes. This changed concept was reflected in the name change in 1965 to the Melbourne Family Care Organisation and in 1987 to Family Action.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/asylum-to-action-family-action-1851-1991-a-history-of-services-and-policy-development-for-families-in-times-of-vulnerability\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-melbourne-orphan-asylum-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annes-story-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-protestant-orphan-asylum-emerald-hill-picture-a-willmore-sc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-papers-re-melbourne-benevolent-institutions\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Caulfield Ladies' Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0624", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caulfield-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Caulfield Ladies' Benevolent Society was established in August 1930 when the decision was made to form separate societies for St Kilda and Caulfield in an attempt to meet the increasing demand for welfare in the area as a result of the effects of the Great Depression. It operated under the administrative umbrella of the Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies and its predecessors. Mary Armstrong was the inaugural president. The Society held weekly meetings to deal with cases and a fortnightly business meeting.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Preston Ladies' Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0625", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/preston-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Preston, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Preston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Preston Ladies' Benevolent Society was formed in 1888 with the aim of relieving 'distress among the less fortunate' in the Preston area. Mrs L Lyons was the inaugural president. Other early members included Mesdames Richardson, Robinson, Carson, Warr, Showers, Harrap, Bell, Dale, Howe, Rundle, McKenzie, Hattam and Stone. It held monthly meetings where the cases were discussed , but no applicants were refused assistance. One of the Society's roles was to work with the Almoners from the hospitals to supply special cases with invalid food. Mrs Allchin, a long serving president, held the position for forty-nine years and died in December 1946. The Society operated under the umbrella of the Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Charity Organisation Society of Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE0630", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charity-organisation-society-of-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Charity Organisation Society of Melbourne was established in 1887 to help co-ordinate Melbourne's charitable organisations and to foster the ideal of 'self-help' in the poor. The Society's 21st Annual Report expressed the view that 'to strengthen a man's backbone rather than provide him with crutches, should be the aim of charity'. It has been claimed that it contributed to the development of social work as a profession, based on suitable training in appropriate disciplines. In 1947, the organisation became known as the Citizens Welfare Service of Victoria, reflecting a change in its approach towards casework counselling. It is now known as the Drummond St Relationship Centre.\n", "Details": "The Charity Organisation Society of Melbourne objects were to:\nencourage and organise charitable work and to promote co-operation within the different organisations; 'to check imposture and professional mendicity, and to discourage indiscriminate alms-giving'; to inquire into all applications for assistance with the intention of determining if and in what way each case can be helped; to provide necessary relief during inquiry or pending arrangements with charitable institutions or assistance from other sources; to maintain a wood yard, or other labour test, so that the means of earning food and shelter shall be open to any applicant able and willing to work; to establish a loan fund; to keep records of all cases for reference and to maintain a Central Register of help given by all relieving agencies.\nThe Society operated out of 47 Collins Place , Melbourne. It moved to premises at 197 Drummond St Carlton in 1947, when it changed its name to the Citizens Welfare Service of Victoria.\nThe Society was administered by an Executive Committee which included the Office bearers and a committee of twelve, which the Council elected. No more than six of the Committee were to be 'ladies'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charity-warfare-the-charity-organisation-society-in-colonial-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-1887-1987-a-short-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-of-the-charity-organisation-society-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-charity-review\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charity-organisation-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-4\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Anglican Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE0633", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anglican-mission-to-the-streets-and-lanes-of-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Anglican Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne was established in 1886 by the Bishop of Melbourne as the Diocesan Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne. The Council, the governing body of the Mission comprised mainly women with the exception of the Bishop of Melbourne and the Chaplain. The Council's aim was to employ deaconesses commissioned by the Bishop to 'visit in the lanes and courts and bring the message of the Gospel to the poor and fallen and by the force of their sisterly sympathy, compel the outcast to come in'. It wanted to include people who were not reached already by the ordinary parochial organisations, especially the category described as 'fallen women'. Miss Emma Silcock ( known as Sister Esther) assumed responsibility for the Mission in 1888. She was also the founder of the Community of the Holy Name in Victoria. By 1900 the Mission had a staff of six deaconesses and one probationer. Its first address was 171 Little Lonsdale St. It moved to a new building in Spring St in 1913 and in 1958 to Fitzroy St Fitzroy. In 1997 it merged with the Mission of St James and St John and the St John's Homes for Boys and Girls to form Anglicare.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-silence-a-study-of-a-religious-community-for-women-the-community-of-the-holy-name\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther-an-anglican-saint\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/esther-mother-foundress-of-the-community-of-the-holy-name\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silcock-emma-caroline-1858-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther-an-anglican-saint-reprinted-from-the-melbourne-anglican-september-2001\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anglican-mission-to-the-streets-and-lanes-of-melbourne-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Waitresses' strike - Refreshment Services Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0646", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waitresses-strike-refreshment-services-branch\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Industrial action", "Summary": "On Friday, 11 September 1925 in response to the statement made about them by retired naval officer Captain Oswald Carter, the waitresses of the Refreshment Services Branch of the Victorian Railways went on strike. Carter held a senior post in the railways and reported to the chief of the Refreshment Services Branch that he found [the staff] 'lazy, dirty and unmanageable'. He further added: 'I propose to get in touch with the Immigration Authorities with a view to ascertaining the possibilities of getting suitable servants. I do not think that girls from Melbourne are likely to give satisfaction.'\nThe waitresses demanded an apology and went on strike until they received one. The male leaders of the Australian Railways Union - Victorian Branch commenced negotiations on behalf of their members and after two days a satisfactory settlement with management was arranged when an apology was obtained.\n", "Events": "The Refreshment Services Branch waitresses of the Victorian Railways went on strike. (1925 - 1925)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-service-a-history-of-victorian-railways-workers-and-their-union\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Queen's Fund", "Entry ID": "AWE0649", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queens-fund\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Queen's Fund was established as 'the chief permanent Jubilee Memorial of Victoria in commemoration of the completion of the Fiftieth year of the Queen's reign, raised by women, managed chiefly by women, for the good of women, and in honour of the long reign of a good woman, during which the general position of women has been in a hundred ways improved'. Elizabeth Loch, its founder and inaugural president stated that the Fund existed 'solely for the relief of women in distress'. The Fund still operates and celebrated its centenary in 1987. Meetings are held monthly at the Melbourne Town Hall. The 1987 Annual Report noted an increase in applications to the fund. This was attributed to larger numbers of separated and divorced women who received no maintenance to care their children.\nPLEASE NOTE: THE AUSTRALIAN WOMEN'S REGISTER IS NOT AN AGENT FOR THE QUEEN'S FUND. YOU MAY CONTACT THEM BY MAIL AT:\nGPO Box 2412\nMelbourne VIC 3001 \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queens-fund-one-hundredth-annual-report-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/documents-related-to-the-establishment-of-the-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-general-executive-committee-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/register-of-beneficiaries-of-the-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cashbook-countess-of-hopetouns-bazaar-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-distributing-sub-committee-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-book-hall-distribution-trust-queens-fund\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Welfare Organisation", "Entry ID": "AWE0651", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-welfare-organisation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Welfare Organisation (CWO), an initiative of the Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, Daniel Mannix on the outbreak of World War Two in September 1939, foresaw the need to establish service canteens, hostels and rest rooms, in addition to catering for the spiritual needs of servicemen and women. Its objectives were to promote the spiritual welfare of the Catholic members of the fighting forces and to cater for the material welfare of all the fighting forces, regardless of creed. On the retirement of the inaugural president, Dr A L Kenny, Mary Daly was appointed to the position in 1941. She held that office until the completion of the work of the Catholic Welfare Organisation in 1948.\n", "Details": "The Catholic Welfare Organisation's role was two fold. The Catholic Chaplains who were allocated to the various military units met the spiritual needs of the service men and women. The Executive of the CWO aimed to provide a substantially built appropriately equipped and dignified Catholic Chapel in every military camp. Catholic women assumed responsibility for the day to day running of the amenities hut in Elizabeth St Melbourne. The canteen, which was open for thirteen hours a day, was staffed by members of the Catholic Old Collegians' Associations of the Girls' Schools, the Ladies' Committees of the Catholic Boys' Schools and the Catholic Women's Social Guild. Women also formed Catholic Welfare Organisation auxiliaries in many Victorian Catholic parishes. They helped to raise funds, knitted, sewed and collected comforts for the benefit of men and women of the services. Women were responsible also, for the Catholic Welfare Organisation's Hospitality Bureau, which placed troops in hostels, guest houses and private homes.\nAlthough the Reverend Dr Stewart was the Director, the major credit for the success of the CWO was attributed to 'the untiring energy and great organising ability of its president', Mrs Mary Daly.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-welfare-organisation-its-work-for-the-men-and-women-of-the-services-during-world-war-ii-september-1939-june1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-welfare-organisation-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Red Cross", "Entry ID": "AWE0715", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Humanitarian organisation, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Red Cross Society (ARCS) was formed just after the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, initially as a branch of the British Red Cross Society. Its first president was Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, wife of the then governor-general. Via a network of state branches and division, also presided over by women, the organisation extended its influence throughout the community of Australian women, urban and rural, to the point where women constituted the vast majority of its membership, as well as featuring prominently in its leadership. Although the organisation was involved in a range of activities, including the establishment of agencies overseas dedicated to supplying families in Australia with information about wounded and missing soldiers, it is probably best known for its success in mobilising volunteers to create the much appreciated and eagerly anticipated 'comfort' parcels that were sent to servicemen overseas. From the date of its inception until the armistice the ARCS dispatched 395,695 food parcels and 36,339 clothing parcels. Thousands of women contributed their time and money to make this possible\n", "Details": "The Australian Red Cross was founded on 13 August 1914 in response to the start of World War I, and was originally known as the Australian branch of the British Red Cross Society. Before the end of World War I it was being called the Australian Red Cross Society, although it was still considered to be a branch of the British Red Cross Society. In 1927, the Australian Red Cross Society gained recognition as an independent National Red Cross Society and ceased being a branch of the British Red Cross Society. In 1941 the Australian Red Cross Society was incorporated by Royal Charter, and in 1992 the Australian Red Cross Society decided to shorten its name for external audiences to Australian Red Cross, by which name it is known today (however, its legal name remains Australian Red Cross Society).\nThe Australian Red Cross was founded by Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, the wife of Australia's Governor-General, and she became the first President of the Australian Red Cross. In 1914, the Australian Red Cross immediately formed Divisions in each of the six States. The Divisional Presidents, who were the wives of the State Governors, were instrumental in the creation of the Australian Red Cross State Divisions. As these Presidents traversed the country, and launched appeals through local organisations and the press, the Divisions soon had a vast number of rural and metropolitan branches. Directly appealed to, women became the great majority of members, several high-ranking women were appointed to governing committees, and Australian women took leading positions throughout the organisation.\nIn 1914, the Australian Red Cross was largely involved with providing relief services to the Australian Defence Force, with Headquarters located in Melbourne which coordinated the international relief services. In later years, Australian Red Cross Divisions opened in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory, as well as other Australian territories such as Norfolk Island and Papua New Guinea.\nAs at 2004, the Australian Red Cross has a national office based in Melbourne and has offices in each of the six states and two territories. The Australian Red Cross State and Territory Offices manage all activities run within their own state or territory. The national office coordinates international activities with which the Australian Red Cross is involved, as well as coordinating Australian Red Cross activities that are managed on a national basis.\nToday, the many and varied activities of the Australian Red Cross include International Tracing and Refugee Services, Youth and Education Services, First Aid, Health and Safety Services, Disaster and Emergency Services, the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Community Care Programs, Aged and Home Care Services, International Humanitarian Law, and international development programs and aid.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-best-p-m-for-the-empire-lady-helen-munro-ferguson-and-the-australian-red-cross-society-1914-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinnon-eleanor-vokes-irby-1871-1836\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-humane-and-intimate-administration-the-red-cross-world-war-two-wounded-missing-and-prisoner-of-war-cards\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/humane-and-intimate-how-the-red-cross-helped-families-trace-the-fates-of-ww2-soldiers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-aif-malayan-nursing-scholarship\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-the-finance-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/control-records-for-correspondence-files-national-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-files-national-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross-royal-charter-rules-of-the-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-role-and-structure\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-of-the-australian-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-and-meeting-papers-national-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/red-cross-house-badge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-relating-to-community-services-social-work-and-welfare-and-disaster-relief-provided-by-the-australian-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/publications-first-aid-health-and-safety\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-of-red-cross-divisions-and-blood-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-central-bureau-for-wounded-missing-and-prisoners-of-war-and-of-the-national-tracing-bureau\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-awards-honours-medals-citations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/publications\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/media-releases\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-and-meeting-papers-from-national-committees\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papua-new-guinea-division-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aif-malayan-memorial-nursing-scholarship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/posters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audio\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photographs-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Red Cross Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0724", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Humanitarian organisation, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Division of the Australian Branch of the British Red Cross Society was formed on August 21, 1914. Lady Margaret Stanley, the wife of the Governor of Victoria, was the first president. The wife of the Governor has continued to preside and women have maintained an active role in all aspects of the Australian Red Cross. They have continuously taken leadership roles in branches, units and regional committees, as well as in council and senior management.\n", "Details": "From its formation in 1914, women have played an important role in the operation of the Victorian Division of the Australian Branch of the British Red Cross Society. Initially, the Australian Branch operated as an administrative body, while the Victorian Division guided fundraising operations. In the first instance, the bulk of the effort was focused upon helping to establish local Red Cross societies and branches. These societies would then focus on raising subscriptions and making goods for hospitals that were caring for soldiers. They also helped to find houses that were then used as convalescent homes. Without the effort of women volunteers, these activities would not have achieved the success that they did.\nThe breadth of activities undertaken by volunteers became more extensive as the Society grew. Peacetime required a different focus and women's branches and divisions provided the lifeblood for the society in the early twentieth century. Committees were formed to manage or oversee major projects. These committees (some later became auxiliaries) concerned themselves, among other things) with the medical or physical welfare of returned service men, the establishment of rest homes, and the problem of rehabilitation. They have continued to take an interest in matters relating to social welfare and public affairs in general. Liaison with other organizations has been a feature in recent years - in particular with the Australian Defence Department regarding Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) and the St John Ambulance Association for training and education in first aid and related areas. As ever, the society, also responds to global humanitarian concerns.\nCurrently the Victorian Division is administered by a Divisional Council through the Executive Council. Advisory Committees, representative Committees, and activities continue in line with the Australian Red Cross Mission and the seven Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.\nMission:\n- to be a leading humanitarian organization in Australia, improving the lives of vulnerable people through services delivered and promotion of humanitarian laws and values; and\nFundamental Principles:\n- Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity, Universality\nServices provided by the Australian Red Cross, Victoria in 2003-2004 include: the Asylum Seeker Assistance Scheme, Community Programs, Emergency Services, First Aid, Fundraising, International Humanitarian Law, Retail (Been Around Before Shops), Tracing and Refugee Services, Youth and Multicultural Affairs.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/executive-office-correspondence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-archive-heritage-collection-of-the-australian-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-clippings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/publications-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rockingham-echo-newsletters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-councils\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-advisory-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-executive-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-finance-committee-audit-risk-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-annual-general-meetings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-various-victorian-division-committees\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/junior-red-cross-vic-index-cards\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/members-service-awards\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-aid-detachments-vad-personnel-registers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-division-regional-directory\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Victorian Women's Suffrage Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0733", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-victorian-womens-suffrage-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Women's Suffrage Society, the first women's suffrage society in Australia, was founded in 1884 largely due to the efforts of Henrietta Dugdale and Annie Lowe. Dugdale, very much a 'freethinker', claimed to been Victoria's first activist for women's suffrage-having publicly advocated women's suffrage since 1868, along with married women's property rights and the admission of women to the universities. In 1883 she published a utopian novel, A Few Hours in a Far Off Age, which she used as a vehicle for her then radical ideas about education, marriage, Christianity and rational dress for women. The Society's platform was 'To obtain the same political privileges for women as now possessed by male voters'. It had both male and female members.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the Society. Its activities were, however, extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals, particularly, for the years 1900-1905, Vida Goldstein's The Australian Woman's Sphere.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-family-rose-scott-papers-1777-1925-mlmss-38-1-79\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Australian Women's Suffrage Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0734", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-suffrage-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Suffrage Society was founded in 1888 by Brettena Smyth. Smyth had previously been a member of the Victorian Women's Suffrage Society but some members apparently objected to her outspoken opinions on birth control precipitating her decision to form a breakaway suffrage group. The new Society was very much linked with Smyth's advocacy of every woman's right to information about and access to contraceptives and she distributed advertisements for contraceptives, which she sold from her drapery and druggist shop in North Melbourne, at the Society's meetings. Smyth had become convinced that the major problem facing most women was not the lack of political rights so much as frequent and involuntary childbearing. The Society had both male and female members. Particularly, Dr William Maloney, a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly who introduced several (unsuccessful) women's suffrage bills into parliament between 1889 and 1894. The Society apparently disbanded with Brettena Smyth's death in 1898.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the Society or any of its principal members. Its activities were, however, extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pamphlets-relating-to-australian-womens-suffrage\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "United Council for Woman Suffrage", "Entry ID": "AWE0735", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-council-for-woman-suffrage\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The United Council for Woman Suffrage was originally formed in Melbourne in 1894 largely due to the efforts of Annette Bear Crawford who became its foundation president and secretary. Its aims were: to coordinate and amalgamate suffrage societies and to lobby members of parliament and municipal councillors about women's suffrage; to educate the public about women's suffrage; to educate the public about women's suffrage; to educate the public about women's suffrage and to train women speakers to address meetings. Those involved included representatives from suffrage societies, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the Victorian Trades Hall Council and the Vigilance Society. The Council conducted extensive lobbying during the Victorian municipal elections in 1896 and the Commonwealth Constitutional Conventional in Melbourne in 1898. The Council floundered with Bear Crawford's illness and then death in 1898. The following year, however, Vida Goldstein became its organising secretary-which in 1900 became a full-time, paid position. Goldstein allowed a broader spectrum of organisations to affiliate with the Council, considerably expanding its support base-by 1900 it had 32 member organisations. While Goldstein resigned in 1901, the Council continued as an effective co-ordinating body for the suffrage campaign, often working with Goldstein's new group, the Women's Political Association, until Victorian women's gained the vote in 1908.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the Society. Its activities were, however, extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals, particularly, for the years 1900-1905, Vida Goldstein's The Australian Woman's Sphere.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-family-rose-scott-papers-1777-1925-mlmss-38-1-79\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Woman's Suffrage League", "Entry ID": "AWE0736", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womans-suffrage-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Woman's Suffrage League was founded in 1894 at a meeting organised by Annette Bear Crawford in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union headquarters in Melbourne. Its platform was votes for women on the same terms as men. Its formation was prompted by the belief that the three existing groups working for women's suffrage in Victoria (the Australian Women's Suffrage Society, the Victorian Women's Suffrage Society and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union) were all associated with extremist views. Although initiated by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the League had an entirely separate existence, supposedly not linked to the prohibitionist agenda of the Union. The new League was formulated on a Christian, non-party basis. As such, it was an organisation that moderate women could comfortably join and was immediately popular. It ceased in 1908 with the granting of the vote to women in Victoria.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the League. However, its activities are documented in the annual reports of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria and other Union records, Its activities were also extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals, particularly, for the years 1900-1905, Vida Goldstein's The Australian Woman's Sphere.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-womens-suffrage-compiled-by-rose-scott-%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5papers-on-womens-suffrage-compiled-by-rose-scott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Endeavour Forum", "Entry ID": "AWE0738", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "Endeavour Forum was established in Melbourne in 1979 as Women Who Want to Be Women, largely through the efforts of Babette Francis. It is a Christian, pro-life, pro-family lobby group with members in all Australian states. According to its website, the group was set up to 'counter feminism, defend the unborn and the traditional family.' Although outlawing abortion is high on their agenda, the group's broader aim is to prevent economic forces such as high taxation 'destroying families'. In particular it lobbies for the right of women to choose to be full time homemakers without suffering what they see as economic discrimination. While. it supports equality of opportunity for men and women in employment and education, it opposes affirmative action or positive discrimination.\n", "Details": "Endeavour Forum was set up to 'counter feminism, defend the unborn and the traditional family', its members believing that 'men and women are equal but different not equal and the same.' The first action of the group was the presentation of a petition to Federal Parliament calling for the abolition of the National Women's Advisory Council on the grounds that it did not represent the views of all Australian women. It lobbies to promote and defend public policies and legislation which uphold the what they define as the 'values of marriage and family life'. In particular it lobbies for the right of women to choose to be full time homemakers without suffering what they see as economic discrimination. While, it supports equality of opportunity for men and women in employment and education it opposes affirmative action or positive discrimination. In 1987 the group adopted the name Endeavour Forum. Apart from Babette Francis, key figures in the group include Jackie Butler, Jan McLean and Valerie Renkema. As of 2004, its 'Principles and Aims' were:\n1. ENDEAVOUR FORUM aims to enhance the status of uniquely female roles - we affirm that men and women are equal but different, not equal and the same.\n2.ENDEAVOUR FORUM recognises the contribution made by the Christian ethic in raising the status of women.\n3. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports the concept of equality of opportunity in education and employment for males and females but does not support the 'elimination of sexism', a concept which involves denial of the differences between the sexes: sex differences are significant, the sexes being different and complementary.\n4. ENDEAVOUR FORUM aims to achieve status and economic justice for the traditional female roles of child rearing and homemaking, and for the 'caring for persons' vocations: caring for elderly, the sick and the handicapped.\n5. ENDEAVOUR FORUM respects the marriage relationship and seeks cooperation, not confrontation, between the sexes.\n6. ENDEAVOUR FORUM affirms that the family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and State: a 'family' is a kinship group of people linked by ties of blood, marriage or adoption who live together for the purpose of child-rearing and the satisfaction of other human needs.\n7. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports the right to life of all human beings from conception to natural death; men and women not only have rights, they also have responsibilities, in particular to their children who need parental protection and support both before and after birth.\n8. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports the right of a woman to be a full-time mother and homemaker and to have this right recognised by laws that obligate her husband to provide the primary financial support for her and their children.\n9. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports fiscal policies that recognise the major contribution made by women in their child-rearing and homemaking roles to the well-being of the nation, and in particular those policies which assist in establishing the status of a wife as an equal partner in the marriage.\n10. ENDEAVOUR FORUM affirms the right of women employed in physical labour to be protected by laws and regulations that respect the physical differences and family obligations of men and women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/equal-opportunity-the-anti-sexist-mythology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-defending-down-under-alternative-reading-material-to-schools-peace-studies-programme\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-africa-namibia-and-sanctions-diary-of-a-visit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-women-who-want-to-be-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breast-cancer-risks-and-prevention\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum-community-organisation-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Federation of Catholic Parents' Clubs", "Entry ID": "AWE0749", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-federation-of-catholic-parents-clubs\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Federation of Catholic Parents' Clubs, originally named the Victorian Federation of Catholic Mothers' Clubs, was established in August 1958. The decision to form the federation was made at a meeting held in the Carmelite Hall in the Melbourne suburb of Middle Park. Five hundred women delegates from one hundred and six organisations associated with schools in suburban and country parishes attended. Its aims were to support and publicise the work, achievements and needs of Catholic schools in Victoria and to seek free education for all children in the schools of their parents' choice. Its motto was 'Love Conquers All'. It worked for forty years to achieve its aims and ceased functioning in 1998.\n", "Details": "Mr J Carr, impressed by the success of the mothers' clubs in state schools, suggested that the Federation be formed. The inaugural office bearers were: president, Mrs Cullen, vice presidents Mrs Dynon and Mrs Crough, secretary Mrs Cuffley, Treasurer Mrs Phelan. Mrs Marie Kohn, president in 1969 was a tireless worker and held positions of president, secretary, assistant secretary and regional organiser throughout the federation's existence. She was made a Life Member.\nThe aims of the federation were:\n*To promote the educational welfare of children in the community.\n* Publicise the work, achievements and needs of Catholic schools.\n* Foster a desire for better educational facilities and opportunities.\n* Provide schools with modern improvements and teaching aids.\n* Seek free education for all children from kindergarten to matriculation in the schools of their parents' choices.\n* To promote co-operation between parents and teachers and to assist parents to better fulfil their role in the education and training of their children.\n* To encourage proper co-operation between Mothers' Clubs in different districts.\n* To express the views of Catholic mothers on matters affecting the education and welfare of their children.\nThe Federation could claim some success when the federal Government introduced a per capita grant of $35.00 per primary child and $50.00 per secondary student in 1969.\nThe final address of the Victorian Federation of Catholic Parents' Clubs was\n22 Brunswick St, Fitzroy Vic. 3065\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/500-representatives-of-catholic-mothers-clubs-met-to-form-a-federation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-federation-of-catholic-parents-clubs-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kids First Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0784", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kids-first-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "Kid First Australia is the trading name of The Children's Protection Society (CPS), which was founded in 1896 as the Victorian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.\nAn initiative of the Governor's wife, Lady Sybil de Vere Brassey, its aims were to protect children from cruelty and neglect, to advance the claims of neglected, abandoned and orphan children to the general public, to co-operate with existing societies for this purpose and to enforce the existing laws for the protection of neglected children and juvenile offenders.\nIt was one of the few secular non government agencies in the child welfare field and it operated on the philosophy of persuading or, in the last resort, compelling parents to fulfil their responsibilities. It became the Children's Protection Society in 1971. Changes to welfare policy and legislative reform in 1985 meant a change in the Society's role but not in the objective to reduce child abuse and neglect.\nIn 2018 the Children's Protection Society changed its name to Kids First Australia. Kids First Australia provides support services to children, young people, and families, such as counselling, treatment and theraputic healing for cases of absue and neglect, youth homelessness prevention, and mentoring and education services.\n", "Details": "The Society operated through a committee of 'leisured upper-class women financing and overseeing the small salaried staff that had direct contact with the clientele'. The first object was to compel parents to discharge their duties and if it could not be done by persuasion, then they would put the law into force. Their uniformed inspectors followed up reports of 'child cruelty' by visiting the homes, issuing warnings and undertaking follow-up visits to ensure that the situation had improved. Only as a last resort did the Society exercise its statutory authority to bring such parents before the court.\nIn 2004 its mission is 'to provide leadership in the prevention and reduction of abuse and neglect by delivering innovative support services to children and their families, raising public awareness of the extent and impact of child abuse and neglect and to strengthen families and communities to create safe environments for children'.\nIn 2018 the organisation changed its name to Kids First Australia. The organisation's vision is one that acknowledges that 'all children and young people thrive in resilient, strong and safe families and communities.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/confronting-cruelty-historical-perspectives-on-child-abuse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1896-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Country Women's Association of Victoria Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0791", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of Victoria was founded in 1928. It is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group working predominantly in the interests of women and children in rural areas. It's first president (1928-1932) was Lady Mitchell.\nThe Association was formed partly in response to the formation of similar groups in other states. A major objective since its foundation was to 'arrest the [population] drift from rural areas'-a problem which persists today. Its major activities have revolved around the provision of services to its members and the improvement of amenities in rural areas.\n", "Details": "The formation of the Victorian Association was prompted by a meeting organised by Lady Somers (wife of the then state governor) in March 1928. It was quickly strengthened by proliferation of local branches and the decision of the seven Victorian Women's Institutes (the first of which had been formed in 1926) to join the new Association. By 1929 it boasted twenty branches with 1700 members.\nSince its foundation the Association has been involved in an enormous range of activities. The early influence of the Women's Institutes ensured a strong emphasis on Homecrafts and Home Industries within the Victorian Association-a Committee was formed devoted to arranging classes and demonstrations in these areas. In 1932 the Committee established a scholarship to enable a country student to attend the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy. In 1935 over 900 members from 71 branches sent 3000 entries to the its Handicraft Exhibition. During the WWII the Committee coordinated much of the Association's war work and in the 1950s they organised craft classes for women prisoners.\nOne early initiative was the formation of 'Younger Sets' - for girls and young women. By 1932 there were 28 of these groups-increasing to 97 by 1949. They engaged in fund raising and community worked as well as holding crafts classes and lectures on numerous topics including home economics, travel and literature. Other early activities included the provision of 'rest rooms' in regional centres (to provide facilities for visiting farm women) and the purchase of a holiday home at Black Rock (which extended over the years into a large complex)-to provide members with affordable holiday accommodation. They also helped establish a bush 'Dental van' in the 1930s, ran a 'Home Help Scheme' from 1940-70 and established numerous welfare, relief and scholarship funds. During WWII the Association devoted much of its energy to assisting with the war effort. They made over 150,000 camouflage nets, as well as sheepskin vests for flight crews, numerous other woollen garments. They also established a 'Comforts Fund' for soldiers and sent clothing and bedding to women and children in London.\nIn 1929, the Country Women's Association of Victoria was one of the 23 rural women's organisation which attended a meeting in London, organised by the Marchioness of Aberdeen, to discuss the formation of an international rural women's association. The meeting led to the formation of the Associated Country Women of the World in 1932. From 1945 it became affiliated with the newly formed Country Women's Association of Australia.\nAs of 1978, the organisation's primary aim was 'By community service to improve conditions in the country more especially as they affect the welfare of women and children.'\nOver the years the Association's branches have produced numerous cookery and handicraft books as well as local histories.\nIn 2004, the Association's website described its purpose and activities thus:\n'The Country Women's Association of Victoria Inc. is an organisation based on friendship and self-development opportunities for women of all races, religions or political beliefs. It is an organisation where women from rural and urban areas can meet as one, as the Women of the Country.\nThe CWA of Victoria is unique in that it does not have charitable status, is not totally a service club, nor a philanthropic organisation. It supports numerous charitable causes, particularly as they concern women, children and families.\nThe CWA of Victoria is involved with Government departments in several programs including Wise Women Working and Diversity Victoria, which aim to bring together different cultures for a better understanding across racial borders. It also has input through the Victorian Women's Summit conferences which reflect women's opinions.\nThe Social Issues Committee's role is to research issues which effect women and children in our community, to lobby State and Commonwealth Governments to change things for the betterment of women and to keep members informed through \"The Country Woman\" magazine.' (Issues it has considered include: Problem Gambling, Farm safety, Workcare, Aged Care, Medical indemnity crisis, Shortage of obstetric specialists in rural areas, Funding for Breast Care Nurses, Suicide, Domestic violence, Privacy Laws, Child Employment). It makes submissions on behalf of Members to Government, and recently conducted a survey of issues to concern to Branches across the State.\n'The CWA of Victoria is undertaking an adventurous program of establishing an Internet Branch to give women the opportunity to communicate with like-minded persons.\nCrafts are taught and encouraged at Branch, Group and State levels and choral and drama groups thrive at some Branches.\nA Statewide public speaking competition culminates with the final at the State Conference each year.\nA Scholarship Fund has been set up to assist with tertiary education for Member's children. Scholarships for non-members are also available.\nThe Welfare and Emergency funds are used to help people in with household and personal items in time of disaster.\nA medical research program is the recipient of the Thanksgiving Fund each year.\nMany weary Royal Agricultural Show patrons enjoy the CWA hospitality in the cafeteria at the Royal Melbourne Show.'\nThey continue to hold regular craft schools.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twenty-one-years-a-brief-history-of-the-association-since-it-was-founded-in-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-politics-of-influence-the-work-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-incorporated-in-the-public-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tea-scones-and-a-willing-ear-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-1928-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/handicrafts-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-c-w-a-in-wedderburn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-annual-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-annual-report-and-balance-sheet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tapestry-of-achievement-60-years-of-the-south-western-district-of-the-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/through-the-years-1934-1988-central-wimmera-group\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murray-valley-group-cwa-victoria-1934-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brave-days-pioneer-tales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constitution-rules-and-aims\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/years-of-adventure-1928-1978-fifty-years-of-service-by-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/companionship-welfare-and-achievement-of-cowes-branch-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-the-first-fifty-years-of-c-w-a-on-phillip-island\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-drysdale-c-w-a-incorporated-1948-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/60-years-of-service-bruthen-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-briagolong-branch-country-womens-association-golden-jubilee-1951-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sixty-years-of-sharing-1931-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-touch-of-time-wangaratta-c-w-a-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-country-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-crafts-new-country-crafts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-merbein-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-victoria-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-robinvale-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1928-ca-1975-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mildred-mattinson-interviewed-by-helen-oshea-for-the-helen-oshea-collection-of-australian-folklore-in-its-social-context-1989-1990-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phyllis-oldfield-interviewed-by-helen-oshea-for-the-helen-oshea-collection-of-australian-folklore-in-its-social-context-1989-1990-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Peace Memorial Homes for Children", "Entry ID": "AWE0799", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-peace-memorial-homes-for-children\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "Originally known as Livingstone House in Carlton, then as Livingstone Home in Cheltenham in 1891, the Methodist Homes for Children provided temporary care for abused or neglected children while waiting for them to go to homes in the country. The Committee, which comprised mainly women, wanted to ensure that the children were cared for in a home like atmosphere rather than that of an institution. As demand for such accommodation increased, children remained at the Homes until they completed their education. On their move to Burwood in 1953,The Homes were subsequently known as Orana, The Peace Memorial Homes for Children and from 1989 Orana Family Services. In 1989, at the request of the State government, the organisation moved to its present location in Meadow Heights.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/all-gods-children-a-centenary-history-of-the-methodist-homes-for-children-and-the-orana-peace-memorial-homes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/furnishings-of-love-a-record-of-fifty-years-in-the-service-of-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-peace-memorial-homes-for-children-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St Joan's International Alliance", "Entry ID": "AWE0925", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-joans-international-alliance\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Section of the St Joan's International Alliance, was established on the initiative of Margaret Flynn an Australian member of the English section of the St Joan's International Alliance. An avowedly feminist organisation, it was open to all Catholics who agreed with the stated object of action 'to secure the political, social and economic equality between men and women and to further the work and usefulness of Catholic women as citizens'. A New South Wales sector was established in 1946, with South Australia and Western Australia following suit in 1950. The first national conference was held in Sydney in 1951.\n", "Details": "The English section of the St Joan's International Alliance was established in 1911 as the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society, but once the suffrage was gained in 1918, the Society gradually broadened its role to consider social issues affecting women and changed its name to reflect that change of emphasis. In 1923 it became the St Joan's Social and Political Alliance. From 1954 the United Kingdom group was known as the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Section of the St Joan's International Alliance.\nThe inaugural executive of the Victorian Sector of the St Joan's Social and Political Alliance included Enid Lyons, wife of the Australian prime minister Joseph Lyons and member of the English section, as president, Kathleen Walsh as vice-president and Margaret Flynn as secretary\/treasurer. Other foundation members included Anna Brennan, also a member of the English section, Julia Flynn, Teresa Wardell and Dr Inez Parer.\nFoundation members of the New South Wales section included Norma Parker, Mary Tenison Wood and Phyllis Burke.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-and-feminism-catholic-womens-struggles-for-self-expression\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-anna-teresa-1879-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-st-joans-international-alliance\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Koorie Heritage Trust Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0963", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/koorie-heritage-trust-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Koorie Heritage Trust emerged in 1985 from a need for a greater awareness, understanding and appreciation of Koori culture in south-east Australia and for Koori people to manage their own cultural heritage. The Trust has a range of cultural, education and oral history resources, and is a valuable resource for both the Koori and the wider community. The Koorie Cultural Centre showcases the continuous living culture, heritage and history of Koori people of south-east Australia. The Library contains over 6,000 books, papers, videos and government documents spanning from the 1850s to the present day. The Oral History Unit preserves the history of Koori individuals, families and communities from across Victoria. The one permanent and two temporary exhibition galleries showcase emerging Koori artists, touring exhibitions and exhibitions from the Trust's collections. The retail shop, Koori Pty. Ltd., promotes Koori culture by stocking a range of products from local Koori artists and cooperatives as well as Aboriginal designed material from other states across Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Young Women's Christian Association (Melbourne Y.W.C.A.)", "Entry ID": "AWE0967", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-young-womens-christian-association-melbourne-y-w-c-a\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation, Social support organisation, Voluntary organisation, Welfare organisation, Women's refuge, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "Whilst initially of fundamentally religious character \u2014 inherited from founding principles (i.e. Emma Robarts' Prayer Union founded 1844) - the Young Women's Christian Association of Melbourne (YWCA of Melbourne) began as other Young Women's Christian Association's - predominantly in response to urbanisation and the particular challenges this posed for women (particularly working women). The Association's life span (before a name change in 1999) saw that focus shift in concert with changing economic and social issues; from urban challenges, to suburban ones and finally to state wide issues (hence the name change to Young Women's Christian Association Victoria).\n", "Details": "The Melbourne YWCA held its first official meeting on April 1 1883, with some encouragement (and very little financial support) from the Melbourne Young Men's Christian Association. Forming some 3 years after the Sydney Young Women's Christian Association (Sydney YWCA) became the first permanent representative of the organisation in Australia (there had been a Geelong association as early as 1872, however this collapsed from lack of membership in 1878), the Melbourne association began with a less economically driven objective to that of Sydney: \"the spiritual, intellectual and social improvement of young women\" was the original Melbourne objective, as opposed to Sydney's explicit \"a Home for women and girls who need it [and then] rooms [for] classes and meetings \u2026[and then a] library\".\nThis early objective, suggesting a favouring of the 'spiritual' over the physical and social wellbeing of young women, did not however preclude the Melbourne organisation from instituting a variety of practical 'women helping women' schemes - particularly as the urban and economic environment altered. Examples of these programs include: the Factory Girls program (instituted in 1885); the 'Midnight Mission' efforts (1890); the organisation as employment agency (1901); the Travellers Aid Society (1910); as well as a variety of sex and health education initiatives; and of course emergency and permanent housing (first hostel opened in 1887).\nIn addition to these initiatives were those that encouraged sporting activity, domestic training and personal or 'spiritual edification'. Social reform programs however, became predominant in the early 1900's \u2014 particularly reform programs designed to address poor working conditions for women. The extent of these programs however, remained fundamentally responsive, fears for 'politicisation' of the organisation, keeping systemic approaches a matter of talk, rather than action. Accounts regarding this issue reveal tensions within the organisation (both at a sate and national level): see for example the resignation of Jean Stevenson from the National Young Women's Christian Association in 1924\/25 (Melbourne association General Secretary 1915-1919). This early tension, similar in scope to that between the exclusivity \/ inclusivity of the word 'Christian' within the organisation's title, and also in the organisations approach to 'non-white' social issues, can be seen as defining aspects in the Melbourne organisations early history.\nThe Melbourne association responded to World Wars 1 and 2 by assisting with accommodation and food supplies (the 'Garden Army' for example), whilst simultaneously maintaining community services intended to 'build up citizenship and maintain sanity'. Post 1945, the Melbourne branch shifted its focus to accommodate changing 'demands'. Suburban sprawl for example, acted as the impetus for a variety of in-house training programs aimed at alleviating women's isolation in suburban settings (the Home Tutor Scheme, Green Circle, the Correspondence Program etc.). Similarly, migrant employment services became a responsive and defining focus, leading to an official relationship with the Department of Immigration, instituted in 1949.\nThe last half-decade of the 20th century saw the Melbourne association maintaining its traditional activities (and introducing several new initiatives), whilst simultaneously developing a focus on children's services. For example, in 1970 an after school care program was established in Collingwood and in 1985 a state wide childcare placement scheme was begun. This 'family friendly' approach, emphasised further by the 1975 opening of the 'Family Y' (family accommodation), characterise the Association's post 1970's activities.\nBy the late 1990's however, the organisation began to 'actively campaign' for more controversial social issues (the anti - sweatshop 'Fairwear Campaign' and the refugee children's service are examples). It is interesting to note that this return to earlier more controversial concerns (workplace conditions and asylum issues), directly preceded a major shift in scope for the Young Women's Christian Association of Melbourne: in 1999 -with Rosemary Hehir as Executive Director- the association reclassified itself as Young Women's Christian Organisation Victoria (Y.W.C.A. Victoria).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dinna-forget-stories-from-real-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dauntless-bunch-the-story-of-the-ywca-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/y-w-c-a-1882-1982-melbourne-pictorial-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-anxious-future-australian-christian-womens-organisations-meet-the-modern-world-1890s-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young Women's Christian Association Victoria (Y.W.C.A. Victoria)", "Entry ID": "AWE0968", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-victoria-y-w-c-a-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation, Social support organisation, Welfare organisation, Women's refuge, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Young Women's Christian Organisation of Melbourne reclassified itself in 1999 as Young Women's Christian Organisation Victoria (Y.W.C.A. Victoria). This name change signified a broadening of scope for the organisation which, since 1999 has tended to focus on social reform campaigns of a more vigorously political nature than its prior incarnation. Examples of this include: drug policy recommendation delivered to state and federal governments (2001); reconciliation marching (2001); asylum seeker and refugee action (2001-2004); and paid maternity leave campaigns (2001-2004.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-geelong-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Community of the Holy Name", "Entry ID": "AWE1028", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/community-of-the-holy-name\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "The Community of the Holy Name was founded within the Diocese of Melbourne and was the first Anglican Order in Australia. Emma Caroline Silcock ( Sister Esther) established the community, which was one of only four such communities in Australia. The Melbourne Diocese did not recognise it until 1912 when it was given its charter. The Sisters continue to work in parishes, as Chaplains in hospitals and nursing homes, as well as in spiritual direction and leading retreats.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-silence-a-study-of-a-religious-community-for-women-the-community-of-the-holy-name\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silcock-emma-caroline-1858-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther-an-anglican-saint-reprinted-from-the-melbourne-anglican-september-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/community-of-the-holy-name-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lake Tyers Mission", "Entry ID": "AWE1089", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lake-tyers-mission\/", "Type": "Place", "Birth Place": "East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal Mission or Reserve", "Summary": "Lake Tyers Mission was established in 1861 when the Central Board for the Protection of Aborigines approved the allocation of 2,000 acres at Lake Tyers for the purpose of providing a base for missionaries in eastern Victoria. Consisting of a manager's residence, church, school and huts, the mission attracted a number of Aboriginal people and as such was seen by the Mission Societies as successful and flourishing.\nIn 1908 it was taken over by the Board for the Protection of Aborigines as a Government station. At this time the Board believed that Victorian Aboriginal people were dying out and so it instituted a policy of closing all the reserves around Victoria and sending the people living on them to Lake Tyers.\nIn the 1960s the Aborigines Welfare Board attempted to close Lake Tyers as a reserve, however, it met with the residents' opposition. The Aborigines Advancement League, led by Pastor Douglas Nicholls, fought for eight years to retain Lake Tyers Reserve. The Aboriginal Amendment Act 1965 changed the status of Lake Tyers from temporary to permanent, thus strengthening Aboriginal claims to preserve it. In 1971 the fight was finally won, when freehold title to Lake Tyers was given to the Lake Tyers Trust under the Aboriginal Lands Act of 1970. Today, Lake Tyers is also known as Bung Yarnda.\nThe Lake Tyers Mission and later Reserve was home to many Aboriginal women, some of whom became prominent Aboriginal spokespersons.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reading-sources-in-aboriginal-history-mission-station-visitors-books\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/off-the-mission-stations-aborigines-in-gippsland-1860-1890\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-unfashionable-concern-with-the-past-the-historical-anthropology-of-diane-barwick\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-aboriginal-lands-and-reserves-in-victoria-1835-1971-by-philip-felton\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ramahyuck Mission", "Entry ID": "AWE1090", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ramahyuck-mission\/", "Type": "Place", "Birth Place": "Avon River, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal Mission or Reserve", "Summary": "Ramahyuck Mission was established in 1862 by the Reverend F.A. Hagenauer on a site near Maffra, Victoria. It was one of three Aboriginal Missions established by Moravian Missioners in Victoria. The local farming community opposed the mission in this location so it was moved to the Avon River, near Lake Wellington.\nOn 1 April 1869, the Education Department classified Ramahyuck school as half-time Rural School No. 12 and appointed Reverend Kramer as the teacher. Students enrolled at the school did extremely well which encouraged attendance. 1872, there were 19 children at the school. In 1873, the school had gained 100% of marks. In 1877, Ramahyuck Mission Station was placed at the head of the list for 'presenting the most successful results'.\nThen, in a strange move, on 13 May 1901, the Department of Education closed the Ramahyuck State School, and the remaining children were told to attend the nearby Perry Bridge school. Aboriginal people protested about their children having to move schools and the Central Board for the Protection of Aborigines appointed a teacher to conduct lessons at Ramahyuck school. The school continued under the Board until 1908 when the Mission closed and the remaining residents were sent to Lake Tyers.\nRamahyuck Mission was the home to many Aboriginal women, some of whom later became prominent Aboriginal spokespersons.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-aboriginal-missions-in-australia-1850-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-ramahyuck-aboriginal-mission-and-a-report-on-the-survey-of-ramahyuck-mission-cemetery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/witness-to-the-crosses-at-ramahyuck-cemetery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reading-sources-in-aboriginal-history-mission-station-visitors-books\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/off-the-mission-stations-aborigines-in-gippsland-1860-1890\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ramahyuck-mission-controversy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-mission-stations-in-victoria-yelta-ebenezer-ramahyuck-lake-condah\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-mission-papers-in-australia-1832-1916\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-aboriginal-lands-and-reserves-in-victoria-1835-1971-by-philip-felton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-mission-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coranderrk Station", "Entry ID": "AWE1091", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coranderrk-station\/", "Type": "Place", "Birth Place": "Healesville, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal Mission or Reserve", "Summary": "Coranderrk Station was established in 1860 when the government set aside 4,850 acres of land for use as a reserve for Aboriginal people. The site was selected by the local Aboriginal groups, the Wurundjeri, Taungerong and Bunorong people, who built the reserve within a few months, constructing their own huts, a school and dormitories for the Aboriginal children from all over the colony. They sustained themselves by growing their own vegetables and cash crops, including arrowroot and hops. Through the hard work of the Aboriginal people, Coranderrk Station was renowned for its farming produce and became the model for all future stations.\nDuring the 1870s the Board for the Protection of Aborigines placed Aboriginal people from all over Victoria at Coranderrk Station. In 1924 it was closed as a staffed station. Nine Aboriginal people remained, with the Police Constable at Healesville as their local guardian. The rest were sent to Lake Tyers Reserve. \nThe area was gradually given away over the years until its status as a reserve was revoked. In 1948 the Coranderrk Land Bill released the station for private purchase. In 1998 land at Coranderrk was purchased by the Indigenous Land Corporation and returned to Aboriginal people.\nCoranderrk was the home to many Aboriginal women, some of whom became prominent Aboriginal spokespersons.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/land-rights-in-south-east-australia-the-long-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/genealogies-of-aboriginal-families-from-cummeragunja-and-moonculla-now-living-in-goulburn-valley-and-murray-river-towns-including-shepparton-echuca-swan-hill-and-deniliquin-and-descendants-now-livin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-mission-papers-in-australia-1832-1916\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rebellion-at-coranderrk\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-unfashionable-concern-with-the-past-the-historical-anthropology-of-diane-barwick\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-aboriginal-lands-and-reserves-in-victoria-1835-1971-by-philip-felton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-mission-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ebenezer Mission Station", "Entry ID": "AWE1094", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ebenezer-mission-station\/", "Type": "Place", "Birth Place": "Near Dimboola, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal Mission or Reserve", "Summary": "Ebenezer Mission Station began on 10 January 1859, with the school opening on 17 January with one pupil. Two other boys joined the school the next day. Sixty people were at the Mission station by the end of March. However, it was obvious that the Aboriginal people had no intention of staying there permanently. It was not until the middle of April that the three pupils came back to the school.\nDespite these beginnings, with circumstances beyond their control, the Wotjobaluk and Wergaia from the area began to settle on the station and the 1901 report to the Board states that 40 people were registered as permanent residents. The schoolteacher, Miss Isabel Tyre taught 30 children.\nIn 1904, the Mission was closed and the Moravian Mission Board wrote to the Board for the Protection of Aborigines, thanking them for their support and asking the government to make a permanent reserve of the burial land because it had five of their missionaries buried there. The Lake Hindmarsh Land Act (1904) revoked the Reserve and the land was made available for selection, however, the cemetery was made a Permanent Reserve.\nEbenezer Mission was the home to many Aboriginal women, some of whom became prominent Aboriginal spokespersons.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-aboriginal-missions-in-australia-1850-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-mission-stations-in-victoria-yelta-ebenezer-ramahyuck-lake-condah\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-mission-papers-in-australia-1832-1916\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-aboriginal-lands-and-reserves-in-victoria-1835-1971-by-philip-felton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moravian-mission-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Abortion Action Coalition, Melbourne Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE1109", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-abortion-action-coalition-melbourne-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Abortion Action Coalition Melbourne, established in 1972, was associated with the Women's Abortion Action Campaign Sydney. Using methods similar to those of the Sydney organisation, it held public meetings, demonstrations, conferences and lobbied members of parliament to campaign for support for repeal of the abortion laws in Victoria. The Women's Abortion Action Coalition attracted the participation of the Socialist Workers' Party (SWP) women and reached the stage where between 1974 and 1976 almost all the members comprised SWP members. After a socialist feminist day held in early 1978, a new WAAC group emerged in Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abortion-a-womans-right-to-choose-compiled-by-aus-womens-department-womens-abortion-action-campaign-sydney-womens-abortion-action-coalition-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/who-decides-perspectives-on-the-abortion-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminist-organisations-1970-1985-a-research-guide-from-feminist-publications\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Travellers Aid Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE1121", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/travellers-aid-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "Travellers Aid Australia (previously the Travellers' Aid Society of Victoria) is a non-profit, independent organisation, providing a range of services and assistance for travellers, including those with special requirements or in emergency situation. Founded in 1916, it initially offered support and protection for women and girls arriving in Melbourne from overseas, interstate and country Victoria. It was not until the late 1960s that they expanded their work to include men. The Society now assists travellers of either sex.\n", "Details": "In 1915, acting on the advice of the British Travellers Aid Society and expecting migration to Australia to increase, the Travellers Aid Committee of the Young Christian Women's Association in Melbourne invited charitable organisations in Victoria interested in the care and welfare of women and girls to a Conference to consider forming a Society along the lines of the British Society.\nFollowing on from this meeting the Travellers Aid Society of Victoria was formed in 1916 as an independent body. In its early years, it was predominantly deserted wives of soldiers and their children benefited from Travellers Aid. The Society particularly worked on applications for War Gratuity Pensions. Accommodation was found for many women and unmarried mothers were provided with care during and after their pregnancies. Regular and ongoing follow-ups were part of the service. Women arriving by steam ship and working couples were assisted to find employment.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-the-travellers-aid-society-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/by-land-sea-or-air-a-history-of-the-travellers-aid-society-of-victoria\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza-harrison\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission", "Entry ID": "AWE1151", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-equal-opportunity-and-human-rights-commission\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Government Statutory Authority", "Summary": "The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commissions is an independent statutory authority, accountable to the Victorian Parliament, that promotes equal opportunity and works to eliminate unlawful discrimination in Victoria. It helps people to resolve complaints of discrimination, sexual harassment and racial and religious vilification through a process of conciliation.\nIn addition to its complaint resolution service, the Commission offers information, education and consultancy services, conducts research and provides legal and policy advice.\nThe Commission has the power to refer unresolved complaints to the Anti-Discrimination List, which is in the Civil Division of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT).\n", "Details": "In 1975, the Victorian Government established the Community Services Centre. The Centre consisted of six bureaux, including a Migrant Advisory Bureau, an Anti-Discrimination Bureau and a Women's Advisory Office. Various existing instrumentalities, such as the Office of Women's Policy, Ethnic Affairs and the Equal Opportunity Commission evolved from this service. To that extent the Anti-Discrimination Bureau pre-empted the introduction of the Equal Opportunity Act 1977.\nThe Equal Opportunity Act 1977 made it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of sex or marital status in certain areas. The Office of the Commissioner for Equal Opportunity and the Equal Opportunity Board were established under the provisions of this Act, with each body having distinct functions.\nThe Commissioner dealt with complaints under the Equal Opportunity Act through the process of negotiation and conciliation and referred unresolved complaints to the Equal Opportunity Board. The Commissioner of Equal Opportunity was required to investigate: complaints lodged with the Registrar of the Equal Opportunity Board; and, matters referred by the Board.\nThe Commissioner's role was investigative, conciliatory, and negotiation-oriented.\nThe Equal Opportunity Board acted as a tribunal to hear and determine unconciliated complaints and heard applications for exemptions from the provisions of the Equal Opportunity Act. The Board's function, like that of the current Ant-Discrimination List, was adjudicative. The Board's proceedings were subject to appeal to the Supreme Court by way of re-hearing.\nFrom 1977 to 1983 the Board's function encompassed: receipt, investigation, conciliation, negotiation and adjudication of complaints of discrimination on the grounds of sex (including sexual harassment) and marital status in the areas of employment, education, accommodation and the provision of goods and services, under the provisions of the Equal Opportunity Act 1977.\nThe Equal Opportunity Act 1984 extended the grounds of unlawful discrimination to include race, impairment, political or religious beliefs and extended the areas to which the Act applied to include clubs which receive Government funding or which use Crown land.\nLegislative Change\nThe position of Commissioner was abolished under the 1993 Amendment Act and replaced with a position known as Chief Conciliator. As of March 2005 the Commission comprises a Chairperson and three other members, one of whom is the Chief Conciliator.\nThe Commission:\n\nResolves discrimination complaints lodged under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984. The Commission also receives complaints lodged under the federal Racial Discrimination Act 1975, the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1992. However all complaints made under federal law in Victoria are finalised by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission based in Sydney.\nProvides information about equal opportunity rights and responsibilities.\nProvides training and education programs and campaigns about equal opportunity, discrimination and harassment issues.\nConducts research and provides advice on legal and policy issues related to discrimination and human rights.\n\nUnder the provisions of the Equal Opportunity Act 1995, the name of the Equal Opportunity Board was changed to the Anti Discrimination Tribunal although its role and operations remained unchanged. From the establishment of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, Anti-Discrimination hearings have been dealt with by the Anti-Discrimination List which is part of the Civil Division of the Tribunal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-ladies-finding-women-in-public-record-office-victoria-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Food For Thought: Greek Australian Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE1822", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/food-for-thought-greek-australian-womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Food for Thought Network was founded in 2001 by Varvara Ioannou. It has a development focus and runs quarterly forums on current issue pertaining to women in the areas of work, family, health and wellbeing as well as language and culture. \n Although established and coordinated by Greek women, the Food for Thought Network is not exclusive: you don't have to be Greek or female to attend forums and meetings. \nFood for Thought Network aims to:\n\ncreate an egalitarian environment where everyone is encouraged to participate and contribute;\nshare knowledge and collective experiences in the areas of work, family, language, culture, health and well-being;\nacknowledge and celebrate our cultural heritage and embrace the diversity of other cultures;\ncreate opportunities for continual learning, self-expression and empowerment;\nprovide opportunities for people to meet and support each other;\nacknowledge, celebrate and capitalise the talents of our members;\nadvocate on CALD women's issues.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Greek Welfare Society", "Entry ID": "AWE2116", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-greek-welfare-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Ethnic Welfare Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Greek Welfare Society (AGWS) was established in Melbourne in 1972 with the aim of lobbying for the rights of migrants and their children, and to improve services in the area of education, health, welfare, child care and language services. It's continuing purpose is to empower members of the Australian-Greek community to reach their full potential, by undertaking service provision, advocacy, policy development and research in an innovative, culturally and linguistically appropriate manner. The AGWS is not a women's organisation; nevertheless it has significant female representation in its executive and on its board and has historically advocated on behalf of women and their interests.\n", "Details": "The Australian Greek Welfare Society (AGWS) was established in 1972 as an outgrowth of the welfare subcommittee of the Greek Professional's Association. Politically neutral from the outset, the AGWS differentiated itself from other organisations representing Greek-Australians in both aims and style; it existed to lobby 'overtly and aggressively' from a rights-based platform. While existing Greek-Australian communal and Church organisations were 'defensively ethnic and more inward looking' in their orientation and operations, AGWS was outward focused and political, not in terms of party allegiance but in terms of promoting public debate about important multicultural issues. The organisation has been very influential at times when crucial debates about ethnicity and multiculturalism have been running in the community at large. During the 1977 Federal election campaign, it was one of only a few ethnic organisations visited by the leaders of the three key political parties, a key measure of its influence at a time when multicultural issues were being placed on the national agenda.\nSome early AGWS initiatives directed towards the needs of women include the establishment of a child care centre and before and after school care programs. Further specific service development relevant to the women's area was the establishment, after extensive lobbying, of a marital guidance counselling position at the agency in 1981. From 1981-86 the agency was able to continue the running of this programme which met the very specific needs of the Greek community. Related to this, the AGWS also provided important counselling and information services for single parents who, in the Greek community bore the stigma of divorce and separation, as well as the loneliness and isolation experienced by single parents in the broader Australian community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-greek-welfare-society-twenty-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greek-women-of-the-mass-migration-period-today\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian-Polish Community Services", "Entry ID": "AWE2123", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-polish-community-services\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant Welfare Organisation", "Summary": "Australian-Polish Community Services (APCS) is a community-based, not for profit and charitable organisation, established in 1983 in response to a perceived need for a welfare organisation assisting Polish people in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria. The organisation provides home-based support services through a variety of programs and conducts research and projects to assist the evolving needs of its clients.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polish-migrants-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polonia-in-australia-challenges-and-possibilities-in-the-new-millenium\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Migrant Women Workers Project", "Entry ID": "AWE2125", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/migrant-women-workers-project\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Migrant Women Workers Project was, arguably, the first occasion when feminist concerns combined with ethnic rights multiculturalism to highlight the precarious position of women of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and the inadequacy of settlement services to assist them. The report produced by the project, 'But I wouldn't want my wife to work here\u2026': a study of migrant women in Melbourne Industry, drew attention to the plight of migrant factory workers in a sustained fashion that had hitherto been unseen. It also served as a vehicle for further involvement from the union movement in the struggle for equity for migrant women workers.\n", "Details": "In 1974, the Fitzroy Ecumenical Centre supported preliminary research into the plight of migrant women worker in the clothing trade. The report of this project, A Preliminary Survey of Migrant Women in the Clothing Trade, came to the attention of Elizabeth Reid, who had been recently appointed to the position of adviser to the Prime Minister on women's issues. Reid was also involved with the National Advisory Committee that was assessing the ways the government could observe International Women's Year in 1975. She was greatly impressed by the research and pushed Des Storer, who produced the report, to come up with a proposal to develop it. Her support eventually led to the National Advisory Committee and the Secretariat for International Women's Year allocating funds to the Fitzroy Ecumenical Centre (soon to be renamed the Centre for Urban Research and Action) to conduct more extensive research.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/but-i-wouldnt-want-my-wife-to-work-herea-study-of-migrant-women-in-melbourne-industry-research-report-for-international-womens-year\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-preliminary-survey-of-migrant-women-in-the-clothing-trade\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/migrant-women-workers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-origins-of-multiculturalism-in-australian-politics-1945-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Golf Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE2233", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-golf-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Ladies' Golf Union (VLGU) was established in 1906 after the golfing women of Geelong, in 1905, had initiated moves to create an organisation to further the development of golf for women in Victoria. There were six foundation clubs - Caulfield (later known as Metropolitan, Colac, Kew, Essendon (Northern), Geelong and Surrey Hills (Riversdale) - with a total of 278 members.\nThe women of the union immediately established themselves as women of action. Within its first six months, the Union had undertaken a standardised handicapping system, decided to introduce pennant competition, held a number of friendly interclub matches and initiated a silver medal competition, a competition that is still played as the Silver Spoon event. Since those early days, the VLGU has overseen metropolitan and country competitions, junior development and the emergence of some exceptional talent. Jane Lock, for instance, began her international career playing junior golf in competitions overseen by the VLGU.\nNeedless to say, the VLGU has undergone change and development throughout its 100 years of existence. Competition stopped, for instance, during the first and second world wars and the members put their considerable skills and networks to use to raise funds for the war effort. The Equal Opportunity Act of 1985 had a huge impact on the way clubs operated and laid the foundations for the way the sport is organised today.\nThe 1990s were a time of great change for the Union, with the most important issue being that of constitutional change. Over the years, the development of the sport in Victoria had outgrown the ability of the governing structure to operate efficiently and democratically. Between 1992 and 1994 the board worked to develop a new constitution that would take the Union into the new millennium. As a reflection of this new direction, a new name was adopted. In June 1995 the Victorian Ladies' Golf Union became Women's Golf Victoria.\nIn November 2010 Women's Golf Victoria amalgamated with the Victorian Golf Association to form the umbrella organisation Golf Victoria.\n", "Events": "Victorian Ladies' Golf Union Established (1906 - 1906) \nNellie Gatehouse wins the first State Championship presided over by the Victorian Ladies Golf Union (1907 - 1907) \nInaugural Girls' Golf Championship of Victoria played (1925 - 1925) \nMona Macleod wins the first of five Victorian Championships (1925 - 1925) \nThe Victorian Ladies' Golf Union wrests control of the organisation of the Victorian Championship from the male run Victorian Golf Association (1927 - 1927) \nThe first country golf tournament presided over by the Victorian Ladies' Golf Union is held in Hamilton, Victoria (1929 - 1929) \nThe Mona Macleod Brooch competition is established to commemorate her contribution to women's golf (1953 - 1953) \nBurtta Cheney set a course record of 71 at Royal Melbourne (1961 - 1961) \nBurtta Cheney established the annual junior camp at Anglesea (1966 - 1966) \nThe Equal Opportunity Act changes the way golf clubs are organised (1985 - 1985) \nKarrie Webb breaks Burtta Cheney's course record at Royal Melbourne (1993 - 1993) \nA new constitution in adopted (1994 - 1994) \nVictorian Ladies' Golf Union adopts the name Women's Golf Victoria (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-victorian-ladies-golf-union\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tennis Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2686", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tennis-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Tennis Australia is the governing body of men's and women's tennis within Australia, linking to member associations throughout the country.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hockey Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2690", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hockey-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Hockey Australia exists to provide Australians with the opportunity to play hockey from junior levels through elite competition, including the Olympic Games. Formed in November 2006 following the amalgamation of the Australian Hockey Association and Women's Hockey Australia the organisation is a full member of the International Hockey Federation (FIH). It comprises membership of all eight states and territories. Each state association is comprised of regional associations, which in turn are made up of clubs. In some states, clubs affiliate directly with the state body.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kitty McEwan Victorian Sportswoman of the Year", "Entry ID": "AWE2707", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kitty-mcewan-victorian-sportswoman-of-the-year\/", "Type": "Award", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Kitty McEwan Sportswoman of the Year award was established in 1974 and named in honour of Kitty McEwan, a journalist and women's right activist who did much to promote women's sport in Australia\n", "Events": "Alisa Camplin - Aerial Skiing (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Faithful Companions of Jesus in Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE4241", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faithful-companions-of-jesus-in-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "The order of the Faithful Companions of Jesus Sisters (FCJ Sisters) was founded in Amiens in France in 1820 by Marie Madeleine de Bonnault d'Ho\u00fcet.\nThey arrived in Australia in response to requests from local priests for assistance in establishing a viable Catholic School system. The Education Act of 1872 spelt the end of government financial support for all religious and independent schools which meant that if the Catholic Church wanted to maintain existing schools and establish new schools, it had to find all necessary finance. The priests and bishops sought help from religious communities overseas.\nIn June 1882, 12 FCJ sisters arrived in Melbourne, Victoria where they soon founded a school in the inner city suburb of Richmond. Vaucluse College FCJ was soon at capacity, so land was purchased in Kew, to the east. They built a new convent and boarding school which marked the establishment of Genazzano FCJ College. In 1900 the Sisters set up a school in Benalla called FCJ College and in 1968 founded Stella Maris Convent and boarding school in Frankston, Victoria. The Stella Maris Convent and Vaucluse College FCJ have since closed.\nIn recent years, FCJ sisters have engaged in ministry abroad, in such places as Sierra Leone, Bolivia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Romania, as well as in remote communities in Australia, such as the Kimberley.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-sisters-faithful-companions-of-jesus\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Rural Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE4435", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-rural-womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Rural organisation, Social action organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "The first Rural Women's Network was established in Victoria in 1986, under the auspices of the Office of Rural Affairs in the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in response to activism by Victorian rural women, including Mary Salce. The aim was to link rural women's groups and individuals into a loose network supported by government infrastructure, to enable the sharing of ideas, issues, information and support, and to encourage women to develop a more active voice in government decision-making.\n", "Details": "In 1986, the newly elected Victorian Labor Government established the Office of Rural Affairs (ORA) within the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, to more equitably meet needs of rural Victorians. The Rural Affairs Committee of Cabinet included two femocrats - Joan Kirner and Caroline Hogg - who insisted on a strong focus on the needs of rural women. The Office of Rural Affairs' first major project was to encourage the involvement of rural women in public life, and two staff members of ORA, Jenni Mitchell and Anna Lottkowitz, were appointed to develop the Rural Women's Network (RWN). Working through personal contact, they purposefully developed a networking facility, which would link women and organisations, and belong to all, rather than a hierarchical organisation.\nIN March 1987, The RWN produced NETWORK newsletter as a forum for rural women, in Jenni Mitchell's words, 'to share concerns and develop their own solutions'. The newsletter gave rural women both a powerful voice, and the space to develop a women's discourse.\nLocally, the network assisted groups to explore issues of concern, and to plan activities. In this year they secured the services of two women with expertise in small business management, and supported workshops.\nIn 1990, the Network began its support of the annual Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings: the coming together of women in conference style, consciousness raising groups, where women could also gain information and practical skills. A year later (1991) the RWN conducted the Women in Action program, to broaden the skills base of women wishing to participate in public life, in conjunction with a number of other women's organisations.\nLiz Hogan, who joined the Network in 1990, in 1992 facilitated a state wide meeting in Ballarat of activists, women's group leaders and academics. This meeting had far-reaching consequences, including the formation of the Australian Women in Agriculture organisation, and the committee for the organisation of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference, out of which came the Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women. Networks followed in other states in the 1990s, including New South Wales (1992), Western Australia (1996), and Queensland (1993).\nFrom 1992 the Network was overseen by a women's reference group, which met 2-3 times per year. It included women from outside the Department, such as representatives of peak women's organisations, regional issue-based groups, individual women and women from other relevant government departments. The ORA workers met with rural women, listening to their concerns, and providing advice to the Rural Affairs Committee of Cabinet. The femocrats within the Network provided advice and assistance in gaining funding, influencing politicians and bureaucrats and negotiating the system.\nIn 2002 the Rural Women's Network moved to the Department for Victorian Communities, now the Department of Planning and Community Development. The Victorian Rural Women's Network has continued its role of advising governments on issues affecting rural women, helping to develop action plans with a focus on women in agriculture and resource management, and empowering, linking and supporting rural women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invisible-farmer-a-report-on-australian-farm-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-through-the-grass-ceiling-women-power-leadership-in-rural-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-women-at-the-crossroads-perspectives-on-the-lives-of-rural-australian-women-in-the-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-jenni\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rural-womens-network\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Memorial Plaque - Women on Farms Gatherings, Ouyen, 1998", "Entry ID": "AWE4475", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorial-plaque-women-on-farms-gatherings-ouyen-1998\/", "Type": "Cultural Artefact", "Birth Place": "Ouyen, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "A Memorial to past committee members of Women on Farms Gatherings was initiated by the Ouyen Gathering in 1998, and since then has been displayed in a prominent place at each Gathering.\nThe women acknowledged on the plaque include: Eileen Patricia (Pat) Hall, Sea Lake 1991; Kathleen (Kath) Paynter, Swan Hill 1995; Rhonda Weatherhead, Warragul 1990; Muriel Dick, Warragul 1990 & 1999.\n", "Details": "Polished cross section of Mallee stump with small carved single furrow plough at the top. Brass plates have been secured to the surface.\nCentre top plaque reads: 'Women on farms Gatherings\/ In memory of\/ Past committee members'.\nSeparate plaques reads: 'Eileen Patricia (Pat) Hall\/ Sea Lake 1991'; 'Kathleen (Kath) Paynter\/ Swan Hill 1995'; 'Rhonda Weatherhead\/ WARRAGUL 1990'; 'Muriel Dick\/ Warragul 1990 & 1999'.\nLower plaque reads: 'Memory board initiated by\/ Ouyen W.O.F.G. 1998'.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Girls Choir", "Entry ID": "AWE4781", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-girls-choir\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Performing Arts Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Girls Choir (AGC) was established in 1984 in Melbourne by music teacher Judith Curphey.\nWhilst there were several boys' choirs in Australia, there was no opportunity available for girls (outside of school choirs). The accepted convention at the time was that boys sing 'better' than girls (hence cathedral choirs are made up only of male voices). Judith wanted to challenge this belief and create a choir that appropriately trained and developed girls' voices, particularly as their voices matured (as opposed to 'breaking' like boys voices) and conduct a choir that sang in Soprano and Alto registers only.\nHer goal was to create a choir with a uniquely Australian sound and high artistic standards, a group which could dance as well as sing, and was renowned for its quality of presentation.\nThe Australian Girls Choir now has over 3,500 girls in training in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.\n", "Details": "The Australian Girls Choir celebrates 27 years of providing high quality education and wonderful performance opportunities to many thousands of girls from across the country. Girls aged five to eighteen years are trained in singing, dancing and performing on a weekly basis in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.\nBest recognised for its involvement in the Qantas 'I Still Call Australia Home' advertising campaign, the Choir has sung at almost every major concert venue in the country. The girls have performed with a long list of outstanding artists and personalities from the entertainment world, and have been acclaimed in some hundreds of performances undertaken in numerous international and national tours.\n", "Events": "Chasing Rainbows CD is released; debut album under the ABC Classics label. (2010 - 2010) \n150 girls attend the first rehearsal of the Australian Girls Choir at Burwood State College, Melbourne, Victoria. (1984 - 1984) \nAGC selected, along with National Boys Choir, to participate in landmark Qantas advertising campaign featuring I Still Call Australia Home. (1998 - 1998) \nChoir opened in Adelaide, South Australia. (1984 - 1984) \nChoir opened in Brisbane, Queensland. (2002 - 2002) \nChoir opened in Perth, Western Australia. (2011 - 2011) \nChoir opened in Sydney, New South Wales. (1988 - 1988) \nFounder and Artistic Director Judith Curphey awarded an Order of Australia Medal (OAM) for service to music, particularly through the Australian Girls Choir. (2004 - 2004) \nInaugural international tour to Canada. (1989 - 1989) \nParent company Australian School of Performing Arts is incorporated. AGC now sits under this umbrella brand, along with Aus Girls Dancea3 - Australian Arts Alive. (2008 - 2008) \nSydney chapter goes into recess. (1993 - 1993) \nSydney chapter re-opened. (1999 - 1999)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Lawyers", "Entry ID": "AWE5566", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-lawyers\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Professional Association", "Summary": "Incorporated in 1996 as a not-for-profit association, Victorian Women Lawyers (VWL) is the peak representative body of women lawyers in Victoria, and a recognised organisation of Australian Women Lawyers. Ms Deanne Weir was appointed first convenor.\nOne of VWL's key objectives is to promote the understanding and support of women's legal and human rights. We work to fulfil that objective through a variety of means, including by identifying, highlighting and eradicating discrimination against women in law and in the legal system, as well as by seeking to achieve justice and equality for all women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Honour Roll of Women", "Entry ID": "AWE5577", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-honour-roll-of-women\/", "Type": "Award", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Victorian Honour Roll of Women was established in 2001 to acknowledge inspirational Victorian women for their contributions, leadership and achievements.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Barristers Association (Victoria)", "Entry ID": "AWE5945", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-association-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Formed in 1993, the Women Barristers' Association (WBA) is open to all members of the Victorian Bar to join. The Hon. Marilyn Warren AC, Chief Justice of Victoria, is the current patron of the WBA. The WBA's aims are to:\n\n Provide a professional and social network for women barristers;\n Promote awareness, discussion and resolution of issues which particularly affect women;\nIdentify, highlight and eradicate discrimination against women in law and in the legal system;\nAdvance equality for women across the legal profession generally.\n\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE5949", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Supreme Court of Victoria is the superior court in the State. As such, it hears among the most serious criminal, and complex civil, cases in the state, as well as some appeals from Victorian courts and tribunals. It comprises two divisions, namely the Trial Division and the Court of Appeal. The Supreme Court sat for the first time on 10 February 1852.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal", "Entry ID": "AWE5950", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-victoria-court-of-appeal\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1994, the Court of Appeal - one of the two divisions of the Supreme Court of Victoria (the other being the Trial Division) - determines whether a trial was conducted fairly, and whether the law was correctly applied. A bench, usually comprising three judges, hears criminal or civil cases decided in the County Court or Supreme Court Trial Division, and some appeals from the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal. Currently 12 judges serve on the Court of Appeal.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "County Court of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE5962", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/county-court-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The County Court of Victoria is the intermediate court in the Victorian court hierarchy and the principal trial court in the State. County Courts were established in 1852 by the County Courts Act, which was amended in 1957 to create one County Court in, and for, the State of Victoria.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gippsland Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE6052", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gippsland-womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Gippsland, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's organisation, Women's reform group, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Gippsland Women's Network (GWN) was incorporated in 2006. It had its beginnings in the 1970s-1980s during a time of rural recession, when farming women in the Gippsland area of Victoria began an active role in lobbying the Australian government for financial support, putting together proposals for ways to better market the products of their region. From those early days, the GWN has broadened its role to encompass a variety of activities aimed at raising the profile of women in the rural sector. This has included developing projects and running seminars and workshops aimed at fostering the establishment of community networks, and empowering rural women to take a more active role in creating a sustainable future for their communities.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-gippsland-womens-network-1994-2006-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Soroptimist International of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE6370", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soroptimist-international-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Service organisation, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "Soroptimist International is a worldwide organisation for women in management and the professions working through service projects to advance human rights and the status of women. Soroptimists work at all levels of civil society, local, national and international, and are involved with a wide spectrum of women's concerns.\nThe inaugural meeting to discuss the formation of a Soroptimist International organisation in Victoria was held in 1947. Founded by president Dr Jean Littlejohn, the 'Divisional Union of Victoria' (later the Region of Victoria) was accepted by the Federation of Great Britain and Ireland in November 1948. The Victorian Region, along with others in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific, remained a member of the Federation until the establishment of the Federation of the South West Pacific in 1978.\nThe first Soroptimist International branch in Victoria was the Melbourne club, which received its charter on June 24, 1948. Dr Jean Littlejohn (CBE) was also the founding president, alongside members Margareta Webber and Myrtle Chisholm. Hilda Chandler was appointed honorary secretary.\nThe Morning Peninsula club was the second Soroptimist International branch in Victoria, receiving its charter on September 18, 1952. By 1982 there were 15 branches throughout Victoria.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1949-ca-1982-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1948-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ordinary Women, Extraordinary Lives Exhibition", "Entry ID": "AWE6393", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ordinary-women-extraordinary-lives-exhibition\/", "Type": "Concept", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "To mark the centenary of Australia's Federation in 2001, the Victorian Women's Trust curated an exhibition entitled 'Ordinary Women, Extraordinary lives'. The exhibition showcased the lives and stories of many influential Victorian women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women with Disabilities Victoria (WDV)", "Entry ID": "AWE6452", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-with-disabilities-victoria-wdv\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocacy organisation, human rights organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "Women with Disabilities Victoria (WDV) is an organisation of women with disabilities, for women with disabilities.\nThe goals of WDV are to influence government and policy, engage and empower women with disabilities and to educate and build the capacity of service systems and organisations to be accessible to women with disabilities.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE6455", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-ladies-college-mlc-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Kew, is one of the country's leading independent girls' schools.\nAccording to their website, MLC 'was founded in 1882 as a 'modern school of the first order' with buildings that formed 'a collegiate institution for girls unsurpassed in the colonies'.' Founded by the Wesleyan Methodists, the goal was to provide 'a high-class Christian education for girls' which was resemblant to that available to boys at that time.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby Victoria Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6457", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-victoria-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Lobby group", "Summary": "Women's Electoral Lobby Victoria was established in Melbourne on 27 February 1972 when Beatrice Faust organised a survey of candidates for election, alongside ten other women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Royal Women's Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6461", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-womens-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital", "Summary": "The Women's Hospital was granted the prefix 'Royal' in 1954, becoming the Royal Women's Hospital.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Grammar", "Entry ID": "AWE6462", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-grammar\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational Association", "Summary": "In 2016, the two Tintern Schools campuses - Tintern Girls Grammar School and Southwood Boys Grammar School - came together on the one campus. The school was renamed Tintern Grammar.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "University Women's College", "Entry ID": "AWE6489", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-womens-college\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Parkville, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Parkville, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The foundation stone for the University Women's College at the University of Melbourne was laid in 1936 by Lady Margaret Huntingfield. The college opened its doors to students the following year.\nIn 1975 the University Women's College changed its name to University College and male residents were first enrolled.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Trained Nurses Association (VTNA)", "Entry ID": "AWE6490", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-trained-nurses-association-vtna\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Victorian Trained Nurses Association was first constituted in 1901.\nAccording to a newspaper article in The Argus on 6 July 1901, the objectives of the Association were:\n\nTo establish a system of registration for trained nurses.\nTo promote the interests of trained nurses - male and female - in all matters affecting their work.\nTo establish a uniform systems of training and examination for nurses.\nTo afford opportunities for discussing subjects bearing on the work of nursing.\nIn due course to arrange for schemes that will afford to nurses a means of providing an allowance during incapacity for work caused by sickness, accident, age, or other necessitous circumstances.\n\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-trained-nurses-association-nurses-register\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Victorian Trained Nurses Assocation", "Entry ID": "AWE6491", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-trained-nurses-assocation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "In 1904 the title of \"Royal\" was granted to the Victorian Trained Nurses Association by His Majesty the King.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-trained-nurses-association-nurses-register\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Victorian College of Nursing", "Entry ID": "AWE6492", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "At the Annual Meeting of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses Association in 1934, a vote was held resulting in the Association's name being changed to the Royal Victorian College of Nursing.\nIn 1975 the Royal Victorian College of Nursing amalgamated with the Royal Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch).\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (Victorian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE6494", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-and-midwifery-federation-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Lying-In Hospital and Infirmary fo Diseases of Women and Children", "Entry ID": "AWE6495", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-lying-in-hospital-and-infirmary-fo-diseases-of-women-and-children\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Royal Women's Hospital, which was originally known as the 'Melbourne Lying-in Hospital and Infirmary for Diseases of Women and Children', was founded in August 1856. The aim of the founders was to provide a place where 'underprivileged women could give birth and receive proper medical and nursing attention'.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6496", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia" }, { "Title\/Name": "Unemployed Girls Relief Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE6500", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unemployed-girls-relief-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Unemployed Girls Relief Movement was established by Muriel Heagney and Jessie Henderson in 1930. The Movement existed for two years and throughout this time it successfully supplied work and other services to between 10,000 and 12,000 women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Citizens' Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE6501", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-citizens-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Victorian Women Citizens' Movement was established in 1922 for the purpose of lobbying for women's right to stand for the Victorian Parliament.\nIn August 1945, the League of Women Electors, the Victorian Women Citizens' Movement and Women for Canberra merged to become the League of Women Voters.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6502", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "In 1902 \"Merton Hall\" was purchased by the Church of England, and henceforth the school was known as the Melbourne Church of England Girls Grammar School.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-girls-grammar-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Merton Hall", "Entry ID": "AWE6503", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merton-hall\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "In 1893, Misses Hensley and Taylor purchased a red-brick house in Domain Road, South Yarra, for the purpose of establishing a school, which they named Merton Hall. Due to overcrowding, a new school was built on Anderson Street, South Yarra, and the buildings were officially opened on 16 December 1900.\nIn 1902 Merton Hall was purchased by the Church of England. Merton Hall was retained as the name of the boarding-house only, with the school renamed as the Melbourne Church of England Girls Grammar School.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-girls-grammar-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Vietnamese Women's Association Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6514", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-vietnamese-womens-association-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's organisation", "Summary": "Founded by Cam Nguyen, the inaugural meeting of the Australian Vietnamese Women's Association (AVWA) was held on 15 January 1983.\nPreviously called the Australian Vietnamese Women's Welfare Association, the word 'Welfare' was dropped from the name of the organisation in 2007.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6534", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ringwood East, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Tintern was purchased by the Church of England and in 1918 the school's official name was The Church of England Girls Grammar School for the Eastern Suburbs: Tintern. Soon after, the school was renamed to the much simpler Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School.\nThe current school site, in Ringwood East, was purchased in 1946 and the entire school moved to that location in 1959.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Anglican Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6535", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-anglican-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Ringwood East, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School was renamed Tintern Anglican Girls' Grammar School in 1993.\nIn 1999 Tintern Schools was formed with two campuses: Tintern Anglican Girls Grammar School and Southwood Boys Grammar School.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women at the National Gallery Art School, Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE6537", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-at-the-national-gallery-art-school-melbourne\/", "Type": "Concept", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "By the turn of the twentieth century women were visible and active participants in all major Australian art schools, including the National Gallery School in Melbourne, where female students far outnumbered males.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE6545", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/presbyterian-ladies-college-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC) was founded in East Melbourne in 1875. In 1938, due to overcrowding at the original site, a search was conducted for a new location. The property \"Hethersett\", located in Burwood, was chosen and in 1939 the junior school moved out to the new campus. In 1958 the senior and boarding schools also relocated.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Red Cross (Geelong Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE6558", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross-geelong-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Newtown, Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Geelong Branch of the Red Cross Society was formed on 22 September 1914 at the residence of Mrs E. H. Lascelles in Newtown.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Embroiderers Guild, Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE6578", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-embroiderers-guild-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Embroiderers Guild was established in 1960 by Morna Sturrock, her mother Mrs Ethel Oates, and Lady Geraldine Amies.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletters-1973-apr-dec-1975-mar-dec-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Labor Women's Anti-Conscription Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE6593", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-womens-anti-conscription-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Labor Women's Anti-Conscription Committee was formed on 13 September 1916, in response to Prime Minister Bill Hughes' attempts to introduce conscription during the First World War. The initial meeting, which was held at the Trades Hall, was attended by over 300 women. The aim of the newly-formed Committee was to 'work in conjunction with the National Executive to fight against conscription of human life.' Their campaign was to include house-to-house visits, literature distribution and factory mid-day meetings. Mrs Bella Lavender was elected president and Mrs Elizabeth Wallace as secretary.\nAfter the conscription referendum on 28 October 1916, several members of the Women's Anti-Conscription Committee formed the Labor Women's Political, Social and Industrial Council.\nA second Anti-Conscription Committee was established approximately six weeks prior to the second conscription referendum, which was held on 20 December 1917. Mrs M. Felstead was the president of the second Committee, and Mrs V. O'Brien the secretary.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Labor Women's Political, Social and Industrial Council", "Entry ID": "AWE6595", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-womens-political-social-and-industrial-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Labor Women's Political, Social and Industrial Council was formed on 7 February 1917. After the successful fight of the Women's Anti-Conscription Committee in the lead-up to the 1916 referendum, many Committee members felt that the loyal members of the Labor movement should form a permanent council of women. Bella Lavender - who was the first president of the Anti-Conscription Committee - was elected as the first president of the Council and Sara Lewis was appointed secretary.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "AIF Women's Association", "Entry ID": "IMP0263", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aif-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The AIF Women's Association was established in 1940, by the wives of six service officers. The main purpose was to bring together, in fellowship and understanding, the womenfolk of the men on active service so that they could help each other in time of need. The Melbourne City Council provided rent-free premises at 437, and later 435A, Collins Street Melbourne. Here the women could seek assistance or advice, have a cup of tea or leave a child while attending the doctor, dentist or an urgent appointment.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-mean-destiny-the-story-of-the-war-widows-guild-of-australia-1945-85\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "First International Women in Agriculture Conference", "Entry ID": "PR00488", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-international-women-in-agriculture-conference\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Conference", "Summary": "The First International Women in Agriculture Conference was held from 1 to 3 July 1994, at the University of Melbourne in Victoria.\u00a0It attracted over 850 participants from 33 countries, and was the largest agricultural conference held in Australia. It was a pivotal moment in the women in agriculture movement and in the process of securing a voice in decision making for rural women, nationally and internationally.\u00a0 The conference was organised by women who were active in the movement, from farmers to their supporters and advisors in government departments and non-government rural organisations.\u00a0Its aims reflected the concerns of women in agriculture:\u00a0to raise the profile of rural women, to increase awareness of the economic, social legal and cultural factors affecting their status, and to provide learning opportunities to develop new skills and access to information and networks.\u00a0Its focus reflected women's concern with the social, environmental and cultural dimensions of agriculture, as well as the economic and production aspects, and their desire to develop and capture opportunities in world markets\n", "Details": "Chronology\n1980s Women in agriculture groups arose and grew through meetings, workshops, skills courses, newsletters and government support through Victorian and Federal Labor government's affirmative action policies.\n1986 As the result of activism by Victorian rural women, the Rural Women's Network was set up under the auspices of the Office of Rural Affairs in the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.\n1991 Activist Mary Salce attended the National Farm Women's Conference in Canada, and realised that the recognition of rural women was an international issue.\u00a0Fellow dairy farmer Lyn Johnson had also been exposed to the activism of American farming women.\n1992 Liz Hogan, a Project Officer in the Rural Women's Network, facilitated a state-wide meeting of a group of like minded women - activists, leaders and academics - in Ballarat. Out of this meeting came the nucleus of an initially state-wide Women in Agriculture group, which was eventually constituted as the national Australian Women in Agriculture (AWiA) in 1993.\u00a0In the meantime, at the instigation of Gippsland dairy farmer Mary Salce, and with the assistance of women within the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the statewide group began planning for the conference.\u00a0\nA steering committee of nine women was set up, and incorporated in order to seek funding for the event. They were: Mary Salce, convenor, and Anna Lottkowitz, Ruth Liepins, Anne-Marie Tenni, Maureen Walsh, Audrey Dreschler, Jennifer North, Rosemary Grant, Lyn Johnson and Dorothy Dunn. An advisory committee consisted of women in fourteen government and on-government bodies, including the Australian Wheat Board, the Rural Women's Reference Group, the Country Women's Association and the Sydney Myer fund.\u00a0The core organisation involved forty-seven women overall. \u00a0\n1994\u00a0\u00a0The conference took place at the University of Melbourne on 1-3 July.\u00a0The sessions of the conference generated a series of recommendations and outcomes.\u00a0They were tabulated in a report, which formed the basis of a presentation to the Office of the Status of Women and Australian governments, and were included in the Australian government's own recommendations to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. The report reflected recommendations in six key areas:\u00a0education, visibility and recognition, networking, environment and sustainability and social justice. The over all concern was for inclusion, recognition and equality of participation in the industry.\u00a0Post conference evaluation was conducted.\nAs a result of the conference, the Australian Law Reform Commission investigated the legal status of women on farms and a global network for women in agriculture was initiated.\u00a0The recommendations of the conference were reflected in the actions taken in the following years, including the formation of the Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women (1994), to act as a funding body to increase women's access to education and training; the establishment of Women's Units, after the Victorian model, in some state departments of agriculture; and the holding of the Rural Women's Forum (1995).\u00a0In addition, a range of projects were undertaken to provide education in leadership, skills and management, such as (in Gippsland) the Uniting Our Rural Communities Cultural and Community Leadership Project.\nSubsequent Conferences\nFirst conference convenor Mary Salce was a prime mover in the organisation of the Second International Women in Agriculture Conference, in Washington, from 28 June-2 July 1998.\u00a0With Valerie McDougall she organised 'The Salute from Australia Handover Event', which showcased Australian produce.\u00a0One hundred and twenty women attended the conference from Australia. The third and fourth conferences - now World Congresses of Rural Women - took place in Madrid in 2002, and Durban in 2007.\u00a0In Madrid, Mary Salce was honoured for her role in the inception of the conferences. The fifth Congress will be held in India.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-salute-from-australia-at-the-2nd-international-conference-on-women-in-agriculture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-agriculture-a-geography-of-australian-agricultural-activism-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/agents-for-change-farming-for-our-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-agriculture-farming-for-our-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-through-the-grass-ceiling-women-power-leadership-in-rural-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/project-report-international-women-in-agriculture-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gippsland-womens-network-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-mclennan-with-lyn-johnson-interview\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Geelong Girls' Unity Club", "Entry ID": "PR00524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-girls-unity-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "GeelongGeelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation, Social support organisation, Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "In 1924 a committee of middle-class women of Geelong, concerned that girls beginning work at fourteen were not fully prepared for life, met to form the Blue Triangle Community.\u00a0Their stated aim was 'to help Girls to find the best in life by offering opportunities to develop all their powers'.\u00a0Employers provided support, including an annual donation.\u00a0Industry-based teams played basketball on Saturday afternoons, and\u00a0\u00a0tennis clubs and a swimming club were formed.\u00a0Club rooms were secured, and educational and social activities were held for Senior girls (those over 20) and\u00a0 younger 'Girl Citizens'. \u00a0They included sex education. A Friday night 'At Home' and Sunday teas were instituted. Volunteers visited workplaces each pay day to collect money to bank on the girls' behalf, a summer camp was run to provide an annual holiday at a reasonable cost, and opportunities were provided for service to the community.\u00a0\n", "Details": "Chronology\n1929 & 1933:\u00a0The Community tried closer co-operation with the YWCA. Though their concerns overlapped, the Blue Triangle Community had its own clearly defined purpose, and both attempts were abandoned.\u00a0\n1935:\u00a0The name of the organisation was changed to the 'Geelong Girl's Unity Club', to avoid confusion with the YWCA, and its 'Blue Triangle Forward Movement Appeal'.\n1936:\u00a0Junior girls severed their connection with the Girls Citizens movement.\n1927:\u00a0The Club affiliated with the Women's Peace Movement.\n1939:\u00a0A former members' club formed, becoming the Unity Club Auxiliary.\n1944:\u00a0The club affiliated with the new branch of the National Council of Women of Victoria.\n1942:\u00a0The club instituted a luncheon hour for business girls to bring in lunches.\n1948:\u00a0'Teens Club' begun.\n1956:\u00a0'Young Marrieds' Club' begun.\n1963:\u00a0'The Younger Set' formed, in which Teens, Young Married and others combined for sporting events.\n1965:\u00a0With attendance down, the Club dissolved.\u00a0The Unity Basket ball Association was self-supporting, and continued.\u00a0It still operates today, as the Geelong Unity Netball Association Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-girls-unity-club-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freeman-may-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Geelong and Western District Ladies Benevolent Association", "Entry ID": "PR00637", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-and-western-district-ladies-benevolent-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Geelong and Western District Ladies Benevolent Association is a non-sectarian philanthropic organisation, whose aims on formation were to provide emergency relief to the poor, in particular to women, and homes for 'aged helpless females'.\nThe demands on their services rose and fell with economic circumstances such as the collapse of the land boom.\u00a0 The\u00a0advent of the aged pension, and later the extension of Government welfare, reduced the call on their services in the early - mid-twentieth century.\u00a0The Association is still in existence, providing assistance during illness and other misfortunes.\n", "Details": "The Geelong and Western District Female Benevolent Association was formed on 23 June, 1855, with Miss Caroline Newcomb of Coryule as its inaugural President.\nMoney was raised through government grants, subscription fees, donations, including bequests, and fundraising, though not by public appeal. Subscribers referred cases to the committee for consideration. Homes were built through grants from the government and charitable trusts (Baxter Homes, in 1983), personal bequest (Haimes Memorial Houses, in 1895-6) and personal endowment The homes endowed by Elizabeth Phillips Austin, erected in 1887, were, as Heritage Victoria notes, endowed by a woman, and owned and managed by a charitable institution run by women, for the benefit of women in reduced circumstances.\nThe Society ran a free kindergarten in Yarra Street for nearly 100 years, and Upton House in Queenscliff, to provide holidays for women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-heritage-database\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-geelong-and-corio-bay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-western-district-ladies-benevolent-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Geelong District Nursing Society", "Entry ID": "PR00668", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-district-nursing-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary community support organisation", "Summary": "The Geelong District Nursing Society (For Nursing the Sick Poor in their own Homes) was founded on 1 February 1907.\u00a0An initial meeting was convened by Geelong's Lady Mayoress, Mrs Bostock, in October 1906, which was presided over by the mayor, and a committee formed of volunteer workers.\u00a0The first nurse, Miss Edwards, was engaged and began work on 31 January 1907.\u00a0By the mid -twenties, a car had been purchased for the nurses' use. \u00a0The Society was funded by donations, bequests and subscriptions, grants from the Hospitals and Charities Commission, and collections, and received support from the Geelong Hospital.\u00a0The Society applied to the Ladies' Benevolent Society when help was needed for a patient, relieved distress where extra nourishment was needed, and distributed parcels donated by Geelong societies to patients at Christmas.\u00a0Though they deleted the words 'poor and needy' from the description of their work in 1960, by 1980 demand for the Society's services had risen, because of the aging population, the policy of early discharge from hospital, and the desire to nurse the aged and terminally ill in their own homes.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-district-nursing-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women in Agriculture Movement", "Entry ID": "PR00733", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria", "Occupations": "Political organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women in Agriculture Movement had its beginnings in the state of Victoria. It involves a number of interconnected organisations, networks and community groups that emerged in Australia in the 1990s, although its roots spread back through the previous decade. It was driven by the desire of farm women for visibility and recognition of their contribution, for a greater role in decision making, and for a hearing for their broader concerns, which focussed on community, social justice and the environment, as well as productivity\n", "Details": "The impetus for the mobilisation of Victorian farm women in what came to be known as the Women in Agriculture movement was the farm crisis of the 1980s: severe drought in 1982- 83 combined with contracting world markets, reduction in government support, overproduction and declining terms of trade. Women took over the labour of previously employed farm workers, or took paid work off-farm to support its financial viability. At the same time, their concerns for the pressure of the crisis on community, family and the environment, and their proposed solutions, were not being heard, and male-dominated industry bodies did not provide an outlet for their leadership.\nSecond wave feminism was having an impact at Government level, through femocrats appointed to advance the interests of women, and in Victoria in particular the agenda of the state government complemented that of the farm women. The farm women received funding and femocrat guidance and support through the Department of Agriculture.\nNetworking, sharing and uniting has been a feature of the movement. It comprised inter-connected events, organisations and activists, of which the following is a brief, but not exhaustive, list.:\n1979 Conference, in Melbourne: 'The Woman in Country Australia Looks Ahead'. This conference was convened by Brian Clarke, of the McMillan Rural Studies Centre in Warragul, which would be the launching pad for the Women on Farms Gatherings.\n1982 Conference in Melbourne: 'Women in Agriculture: Expanding our Spheres of Influence'. This conference was organised by two Victorian farming women, Lyn Johnston and Alison Teese.\n1984 Fifty seminars held by Department of Agriculture and local groups across Victoria, in response to a need noted by Frank McClelland of the Department to help women to gain practical and financial skills, and support in the drought and rural recession.\n1985 Self-help groups such as Women in Agriculture - Victorian Mallee Group (Jan Adcock, co-ordinator) emerged out of the seminars.\n1986 The Rural Women's Network set up under the auspices of the Office of Rural Affairs. Women who were sensitive to rural women's needs were in power in the Cain government.\n1987 Farm Gate Learning program began in North-East Victoria to allow women to increase skills. Community based education centres in the 1980s had responded to this need.\n1988 Women on Farms skills courses developed for women in West Gippsland, and held in Warragul. Women on Farms discussion group convened.\n1990 Inaugural Women on Farms Gathering held in Warragul.\n1992 Julie Williams authored a government-funded report entitled, 'The Invisible Farmer: A Summary Report of Australian Farm Women'. Women made clear their wish to be acknowledged as farmers.\n- Liz Hogan, of the Rural Women's Network, convened a state-wide meeting, in Ballarat, of activists, academics and women's group leaders, from which arose the Australian Women in Agriculture peak organisation, and the committee which organised the First International Women in Agriculture Conference.\n1994 First International Women in Agriculture Conference held at the University of Melbourne in July. A second peak body, Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women created on last day.\nFrom Victoria, the movement in all its forms spread interstate, then overseas in the form of the international conferences. In post-conference activities, the needs of women identified at the conference for leadership and business skills, for recognition, and for greater participation in decision making were addressed in workshops and forums, classes and gatherings at local, national, international levels.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invisible-farmer-a-report-on-australian-farm-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-through-the-grass-ceiling-women-power-leadership-in-rural-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/managing-the-woman-issue-the-australian-state-and-the-case-of-women-in-agri-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/time-space-geometries-of-activism-and-the-case-of-mis-placing-gender-in-australian-agriculture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-rural-women-visible-a-living-history-of-the-victorian-women-on-farms-gathering-wofg-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-farms-gathering-heritage-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Knickers Fund", "Entry ID": "PR00831", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-knickers-fund\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Knickers Fund was\u00a0 a philanthropic fund initiated and ultimately administered by the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Inc. from 1998 to 2006.\u00a0The fund aimed to give 'women in tragedy a glimpse of humour and of caring', from farm women to farm women, to enable them to buy the small, and otherwise impossible,\u00a0comforts which helped them face the demands of a particularly challenging time, such as economic crisis, or the aftermath of floods after drought.\u00a0\u00a0\n", "Details": "The Knickers Fund was the initiative of Joy Chambers and the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group.\u00a0It began during a trip to Melbourne in 1998, to take part in a teleconference link to the Australian delegates at the 2nd International Women in Agriculture Conference.\u00a0The women were alerted to the plight of women in Gippsland, who were experiencing floods, after drought.\u00a0These women put their families' financial needs first, and were unable, in the words of one women, to even afford to request new underwear for their birthday.\u00a0The women took up a collection, and went to the Victoria Market, where they purchased the new underwear, and the Knickers Fund was born.\u00a0It came into formal being in August of that year, at the monthly meeting of the CVWiA.\u00a0\nThe Bendigo Bank was chosen to support and facilitate the fund.\u00a0Initially it was \u00a0envisaged that it would be rotated through the committees in the various regions which hosted the annual Women on Farms Gatherings, to use according to its aims, then replenish, and pass on.\u00a0The fund aimed to give 'women in tragedy a glimpse of humour and of caring'- to enable them to buy the small comforts - a dressing gown, a haircut - \u00a0which helped them face the challenge. A second possibility was that it would be passed to women in an area experiencing disaster. The community in need would be the Fund Controlling Group, and would replenish the fund when they were back on their feet, passing it along to the next group in need, 'from women to women'.\u00a0A logo was designed, featuring lace.\u00a0In the event, the fund stayed with the Central Victorian women, and it was distributed to women on farms experiencing financial difficulty, with a personal note, and a flyer detailing the history of the fund, as they were brought to their attention through a travelling farm consultant.\u00a0When the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group was wound up in 2006, it was decided after a number of meetings to transfer the funds to the Loddon-Murray Community Leadership Program, which had helped members achieve some of their key aims.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Inc.", "Entry ID": "PR00832", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social activist organisation", "Summary": "The Central Victorian Women in Agriculture group was formed in the aftermath of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference.\u00a0 Many of its original members had helped to organise the conference, and the organisation aimed to support women of Central Victoria to achieve the goals highlighted by the conference:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0to establish a supportive network, stimulate women to recognise and value their skills and abilities, to give women the chance to gain confidence and\u00a0make a difference in their industry and community, to encourage and provide knowledge and practical skills, and to strengthen Australian agriculture through strong partnerships.\u00a0The organisation was successful in its aims, its members going on to positions on industry boards, as representatives of state and national organisations,\u00a0and in local government , and it was wound up in 2006.\u00a0\n", "Details": "The Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group was formed in the aftermath of the 1994 First International Women in Agriculture Conference.\u00a0Women from the area, including Janet Barker, Joy Chambers, Laurene Dietrich, Audrey Drechsler and Maureen Walsh, had been closely involved with the organisation of the Conference.\u00a0The aims of the group reflected the needs highlighted by the Conference, and the aims of the Women in Agriculture Movement as a whole:\u00a0to establish a supportive network, stimulate women to recognise and value their skills and abilities, to give women the chance to gain confidence to 'step out of their comfort zone' to make a difference in their industry and community, to encourage and provide knowledge and practical skills, and to strengthen Australian agriculture through strong partnerships.\u00a0The group incorporated, and produced a newsletter.\u00a0It was involved in skills and leadership education and lobbied politicians, it organised a Shire rate deferral for those affected by drought, and hosted exchanges form other areas, and from overseas.\u00a0The group, at the instigation of Joy Chambers, was responsible for the establishment of the Knickers Fund, set up to provide small comforts to women in areas affected by disaster.\u00a0They also organised the 1997 Women on Farms Gathering in Bendigo.\u00a0By 2004, with many of their members serving on Boards, as district representatives of State and National Organisations, or elected to Municipal Councils, and other wise active in their communities, the organisation had served its purpose, and in 2006 it disbanded.\u00a0It's banner is now with the Women on Farms Gathering Collection at Museum Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-papers\/" } ]