[ { "Title\/Name": "Levy, Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE0015", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/levy-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Anne Levy was the first woman to preside in any house of any Parliament in Australia. She was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council in 1975 where she remained until 1997. In 1986 she became the President of the Legislative Council - the first woman to be a Presiding Officer of a House of Parliament in Australia. She held various Ministerial positions between 1989-1993, including first ever Minister for the Status of Women in Australia.\n", "Details": "Born in Perth, Anne Levy moved to Adelaide at the age of six and has since resided there. She was awarded her Bachelor of Science with Honours in 1957 and her Master of Science in 1963, both from the University of Adelaide. There she worked as a Tutor and Senior Tutor in Genetics from 1960-1975.\nLevy was elected Member of the Legislative Council of the Parliament of South Australia in 1975. She was re-elected in 1982 and 1989. She served on many Parliamentary Committees, including the Industries Development Committee (of which she was Chair) 1983-85, and the Statutory Authorities Committee, 1994-97. She was elected President of the Legislative Council, 1986-88. From 1989-1993 she served with the Bannon and later Arnold Governments as Minister for the Arts, Minister of Local Government, Minister of State Supply, Minister of Consumer Affairs, and Minister for the Status of Women. She retired in 1997.\nLevy was also a Member of the Council of the University of Adelaide, 1975-96; Patron of the Humanist Society, and 1986 Australian Humanist of the Year; Member of the Abortion Law Repeal Association, 1969 onwards; Founding member of the Family Planning Association, 1972-84; Patron of Supporting Mothers Association (SA); Founding and life member of the National Foundation for Australian Women (Board member 1993-95 and President 1996-99); Honorary Life Member of the Women's Electoral Lobby; Elected member of the Management Committee of the Women's Legal Service (SA); and Founding member of Emily's List (Australia).\nLevy worked primarily in areas of homosexual law reform, abortion law reform, euthanasia, rape law reform, childcare, maternity leave, equality in education for girls, equal pay and affirmative action. She married Keith Barley in 1956 and the pair had two children, Mathew (born 1959) and Rachel (born 1962).\n", "Events": "Adelaide University (1965 - 1975) \nJoint Committee on Subordinate Legislation (1979 - 1979) \nLegislative Council (1986 - 1989) \nLegislative Council, Australian Labor Party (1975 - 1997) \nStatutory Authorities Review Committee (1994 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-significant-dates-in-the-history-of-women-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/excerpts-from-maiden-speech\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/who-are-my-representatives-government-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-politics-a-forum-in-the-centenary-year-of-womens-suffrage-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-levy-interviewed-by-peter-donovan-in-the-don-dunstan-foundation-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-anne-levy-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-levy-elected-to-state-ministry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-levys-bill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hungarian-uprising-30th-anniversary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitcham-scented-garden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arts-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-resignation-1992-1993-l\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-levy-celebration-introducing-dr-anne-summers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/electorate-office-miscellaneous-correspondence-october-1992-to-june-1993\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mayor-r-a-allen-and-minister-anne-levy-mlc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-levy-and-frances-bedford-at-the-international-womens-day-lunch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-hon-anne-levy-former-member-of-the-south-australian-legislative-council-first-woman-presiding-officer-of-an-australian-parliament-and-first-minister-for-the-status-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ga1109-hon-anne-levy-member-of-parliament\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Freeman, Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE0038", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freeman-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Physicist", "Summary": "In 1976 Joan Freeman became the first woman to be awarded the British Institute of Physics' Rutherford Medal. She began her career at CSIR Radiophysics Laboratory during World War II, working on the production of a 10cm microwave radar set, and spent most of her working life at the British Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell.\n", "Details": "Freeman was educated at the University of Sydney, where she completed a Bachelor of Science in 1939 and Master of Science in 1943.\nShe worked with the CSIR Radiophysics Laboratory 1941-46; the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge 1946-51; and the Van de Graaff Accelerator Group, Harwell Nuclear Physics Division 1951-78.\nFreeman was awarded the Rutherford Medal, British Institute of Physics, in 1976. SCEGGS Darlinghurst has a science, art and technology centre named in her honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-passion-for-physics-joan-freeman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-passion-for-physics-joan-freeman-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-joan-freeman-address-for-the-gordon-godfrey-inaugural-lecture-may-1993\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-passion-for-physics-the-story-of-a-woman-physicist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-joan-m-freeman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-joan-m-freeman-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-joan-freeman-physicist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Martin, Carol Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE0157", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martin-carol-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Carol Anne Martin was the first Indigenous women to be elected to an Australian Parliament. In 2001, she was elected MLA (ALP) for the Western Australian seat of Kimberley.\n", "Details": "At the age of twelve, Martin was made a ward of the state. After her parents divorced she followed her mother, Rose Pilkington, to Broome. Here she worked as a social worker, after completing a business management course, although she had not completed her schooling. Martin moved north to Derby, where she met and married Brian Martin.\nIn 1992 she won a scholarship to study social work at Curtin University. Her husband and two children moved to Perth to be with her.\nBefore entering parliament Martin worked as a consultant providing support and counselling services for a number of community and interest groups.\nHer interests include: fishing, camping, reading and spending time with her large extended family.\nSources: www.wa.alp.org.au\/people\/kimberley.html accessed 31\/10\/01;\nwww.federation.vic.gov.au\/honour.html p. 134 accessed 31\/10\/01\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lawrence, Carmen Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0238", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawrence-carmen-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Morawa, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Politician", "Summary": "Carmen Lawrence became Australia's first woman State Premier (WA) on 12 February 1990. She began her parliamentary career by winning the seat of Subiaco for the Australian Labor Party in 1986.\nShe entered Federal politics on 12 March 1994, as the Member for Fremantle, and was appointed Minister for Human Services and Health and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women on 25 March 1994 until 11 March 1996. On 23 November 2001, Lawrence was appointed Shadow Minister for Reconciliation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, the Arts, and the Status of Women. She retired from the Australian Parliament at the 2007 general election, which was held in November 2007. A complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\nLawrence is a supporter of numerous organisations and is Patron of the Western Australia Netball Association and a Foundation Committee Member of EMILY'S List.\nCarmen Lawrence was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 2022 for distinguished service to the people and Parliaments of Australia and Western Australia, to conservation, and to arts administration.\nFor a complete record of her parliamentary service, please see 'Hon Dr Carmen Lawrence AO' in the Resource Section below.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-resurrection-of-carmen-how-she-rose-from-the-political-dead\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmen-and-her-sisters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmen-after-the-storm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawrence-of-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hon-dr-carmen-lawrence-ao\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawrence-the-hon-dr-carmen-mary-ao\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-hon-dr-carmen-mary-lawrence-mp\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tangney, Dorothy Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE0243", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tangney-dorothy-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Wembley, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "In the Queen's Birthday list (8 June 1968) Dorothy Tangney became the first Western Australian born woman to be appointed Dames Commander of the British Empire for services to the Western Australia Parliament. She was a senator for Western Australia in the Senate of the Australian Parliament from 1943 until she retired in 1968.\n", "Details": "A former schoolteacher Dorothy Tangney became the first woman member of the Australian Senate. An advocate for health and welfare, she served on the Joint Committee on Social Security 1943-1946 and served as a senator from 1943 until she retired in 1968. Dorothy Tangney featured on the 45c stamp (1973) and the electoral division of Tangney in Western Australia is named after her. Also in 1999 the street, formerly known as Administration Place (Canberra), was changed to Dorothy Tangney Place. In the Queen's Birthday list (8 June 1968) Dorothy Tangney became the first Western Australian born woman to be appointed Dames Commander of the British Empire for services to the Western Australian Parliament.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-electoral-divisions-named-after-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commemoration-biography-of-dorothy-tangney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dorothy-tangney-biography-and-reproduction-of-key-parliamentary-speech\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australias-first-woman-senator-dorothy-tangney-b-a-dip-ed\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dorothy-margaret-tangney-1938-1986-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parliamentarians-questionnaires-1982-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-dorothy-tangney-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baldwin, Stephanie", "Entry ID": "AWE0271", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baldwin-stephanie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Stephanie Baldwin n\u00e9e Clark attended the Agricultural School at Werribee in 1931.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baldwin-stephanie-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Margetts, Diane (Dee) Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE0288", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margetts-diane-dee-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Elected in 2001, Margetts is a member for the Agricultural Region, in the Legislative Council of Western Australia(WA), representing the Australian Greens Western Australia Party. From 1993-1999 she was a Senator (The Australian Greens) for WA in Federal Parliament.\nPrior to commencing her parliamentary career Margetts was a lobbyist and state co-ordinator for the People for Nuclear Disarmament (1988-1991).\n", "Details": "After completing her secondary education in Western Australia, Dee Margetts moved to the United Kingdom in 1979 where she completed an Honours degree in Development Studies. She became a high school teacher\/librarian following the completion of a diploma of Education at the University of Western Australia. It was while teaching that she became involved with the peace and environment movement, which lead her to joining the political arena.\nAfter leaving the Senate in July 1999, Margetts undertook research for a Master of Philosophy Degree at Murdoch University in the area of Political Economy. Margetts was awarded an MPhl for her thesis: \"Competition Policy, State Agreement Acts and the Public Interest\".\nIn February 2001, Margetts was elected, along with Robin Chapple, to join their Greens (WA) colleagues, Giz Watson, Chrissy Sharp and Jim Scott in the WA State Legislative Council where Dee represents the Agricultural Region.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dee-margetts-mlc-member-for-agriculture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-1996-1999-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-dee-margetts-sound-recording-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-dee-margetts-sound-recording-interviewed-by-david-worth\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Randell, Shirley Kaye", "Entry ID": "AWE0349", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/randell-shirley-kaye\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator", "Summary": "Shirley Randell is an award-winning global mentor, educator, trainer, author, company director, public speaker, change activist, ambassador, patron, and campaigner for human rights. She is a long-time activist for gender equality and women's empowerment in education, employment, public service and civil society in Australia, the Pacific, Asia and Africa.\n", "Details": "Randell was educated at Perth Modern School and the Universities of Papua New Guinea (UPNG), Canberra, New England and London where she took degrees in education and philosophy.\nAfter teaching Aboriginal children in isolated schools in Western Australia, Randell had four children before moving with her family to Papua New Guinea for nine years where she lectured at Uniting Church teachers' colleges, completed her Bachelor of Education degree and was Director of the Teaching Methods and Materials Centre at UPNG.\nReturning to Australia, Randell began a 15-year career in the Commonwealth Public Service, including the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet and the Public Service Commission. She was made a Fellow of the Australian College of Educators for contributions to the administration of major national initiatives in rural education, disadvantaged schools and professional development as Director of Commonwealth Schools Commission Programs. While Director of Programs in the Australian Capital Territory Department of Education she became a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management. Her appointments before starting her own consultancy business in 1997 included Executive Secretary of the National Women's Advisory Council, Dean of Academic Affairs at the University of Ballarat, Chief Executive Officer of the Council of Adult Education and CEO of the City of Whitehorse, where she was awarded Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.\nAs a leading expert in Gender Mainstreaming, Public Sector and Institutional Reform in Developing Countries, Randell has provided specialist technical assistance to several governments in the Asia Pacific Region and in Africa over 20 years. In 1999-2000 she was Performance Improvement Advisor with the Public Service Commission in Vanuatu after completing a project in the Solomon Islands as Local Government Consultant with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on a Provincial Government Review for the Solomon Islands Department of Provincial Government and Rural Development. In 2001 Randell was Advisor to the Vanuatu Government's Decentralisation Review Commission and undertook training assignments with the Departments of Agriculture and Forestry. She also lectured Thai, Chinese, East Timorese and Indonesian students at the Research Institute of Asia and the Pacific at the University of Sydney. Randell has written books on Ni-Vanuatu Role Models: Women in their own right, Girls Can Do Anything, Women on the Move, Pacific Creative Writing and Raising Awareness on Domestic Violence in Vanuatu. She has undertaken projects with development agencies including The Commonwealth, UN agencies, AusAID, NZAID, World Bank, ADB, European Union, Global Rights Partners for Justice, UniQuest, Philippines Center for Development, Management & Productivity, InfoTechs-I\/D\/E\/A\/S Sri Lanka, WD Scott International, Overseas Projects Corporation of Victoria, URS Pacific, Maxwell Stamp and IDP Education Australia. These included ADB studies in skills development for the PNG Government as a Women, Youth and Non-Government Organisation specialist in 1997 and the Sri Lanka Government as Quality Assurance and Gender & Development (GAD) Specialist in 1999. In an AusAid funded project for the Fiji Government's Department of Customs & Excise in 1998, Randell was consultant for GAD, Performance Management Systems, Business Process Re-engineering Training and Human Resources Management.\nIn 2004-2005 Randell was UNDP's Chief Technical Adviser for the Capacity Building in Gender Mainstreaming Project in public service training institutions in Bangladesh, working closely with the Ministry of Women and Children's Affairs. From 2006-2008 she was Senior Adviser, Gender and Governance for SNV Rwanda, East and Southern Africa Region with the Netherlands Development Organisation. In this role she was instrumental in engendering Rwanda's Economic Development Poverty Reduction Strategy 2008-2012 and supporting the 2007 Women's Parliamentary International Conference on Gender, Nation Building and the Role of Parliaments attended by over 600 people. At the end of her contract with SNV, women parliamentarians invited Randell back to Rwanda to become the Founder Director of the Centre for Gender, Culture and Development at the Kigali Institute of Education (now Centre for Gender Studies at the University of Rwanda.\nRandell has spoken at a wide variety of Australian and international conferences, given talks, occasional addresses, openings, launches, lectures, seminars and workshops for parent associations, teacher organisations, industry groups, community groups, universities, schools, adult education centres, neighbourhood houses, government departments and service organisations, and been a frequent speaker at luncheon and dinner meetings about international, educational, ecumenical and women's issues. She has written extensively on public sector reform, education, gender empowerment and human rights and been a regular broadcaster, particularly for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.\nAmong her many government, community and university committee roles, Randell has served as President of the Australian College of Education and Phi Delta Kappa Australian Capital Chapter; Chairperson of the Australian Council of Churches Commission on International Affairs, Healthy Cities Canberra and the Sexual Assault Working Party for the Central Highlands Wimmera Region; foundation member of the National Board of Employment, Education & Training and the Schools Council; and a company director of the YWCA of Australia, the National Foundation for Australian Women, the Sir John Monash Business Centre, the Institute of Public Administration Australia and the Australian Institute of Management. She is co-founder and mentor of the Vanuatu Association of Women Graduates, the Vanuatu Women Writers Association and the Rwanda Association of University Women. Her voluntary work includes a role as Vice President of the International Federation of University Women, Convener and member of Graduate Women International's Bina Roy Projects Committee, and Coordinator of Australian Graduate Women. Randell is an active member of Rotary in every country she works in. In 2000-2001 she was President of the Rotary Club of Port Vila in Rwanda and in 2004-5 Director of International and then in 2015-16 Vice President of the Rotary Club of Dhaka North West in Bangladesh.\nAmong many awards Randell became a Member of the Division of the Order of Australia in 1988 for contributions to public service, particularly in education, and an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2010 for distinguished service to international relations, particularly through the promotion of human rights of women and through public sector reform in developing countries. In 2018 she was the inaugural winner of the Institute of Managers and Leaders Australia and New Zealand's Sir John Storey's Lifetime Achievement in Leadership Award. Randell has an Honorary Doctorate from the University of New England, Armidale, and is distinguished alumni of UNE and the University of Canberra.\nSince Randell's return to Australia in 2016 she works for not-for-profit organisations as an ambassador for the Australian Centre of Leadership for Women, FairBreak Global, Dignity Ltd and National Older Women's Network, patron of Sunflower Foundation, board director of indigo foundation, and vice chair of the Independent Scholars Association of Australia. She is Conjoint Professor of Practice, Faculty of Education and Arts, School of Education at the The University of Newcastle and Adjunct Professor of Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Canberra. Shirley maintains her interest in her Public Sector Reform consultancy businesses in Sydney and Rwanda, and in physical fitness, the arts, cinema, theatre, music and travel, four adult children and their spouses, 17 grandchildren and four great grandchildren living in Townsville, Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne and Perth.\nA complete list of Randell's awards, publications and speeches can be found on her website: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250000000000*\/https:\/\/www.shirleyrandell.com\/.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Broad, Candy Celeste", "Entry ID": "AWE0356", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broad-candy-celeste\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Candy Broad was elected Member of the Legislative Council representing the Australian Labor Party for the Melbourne North Province at a by-election in 1999. She was appointed Minister for Energy and Resources, Ports in 1999 and was Minister for Housing and Local Government from 2002-2006 in the Labor Government. At the 2006 election, which was held in 25 November she was elected to the new Legislative Council Region of Northern Victoria and was re-elected in 2010, when the Labor government was defeated. She resigned from parliament on 9 May 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carlton, Eileen Grace (Sally)", "Entry ID": "AWE0403", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carlton-eileen-grace-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Social worker", "Summary": "Sally Carlton was superintendent in Western Australia of the Australian Women's Land Army during the Second World War. \nBorn in Perth, she attended Perth College and became a 'Girl Friday.' Later she joined the West Australian newspaper and was in charge of the file room. Here she hand indexed all news in the papers each day. After a failed marriage Carlton worked as the organising secretary with the Lady Gowrie Child Centre (Perth) in 1942. She responded to a newspaper advertisement seeking a person to organise the recruiting of women for the Western Australian Land Army. Involved with the Girl Guide movement, Carlton had conducted training sessions for the Women's Australian National Services (WANS) officers. Initially supervisor she was later titled State Superintendent.\nAfter the war, Carlton worked at the Princess Margaret Children's Hospital as a social worker. As she wasn't qualified she completed mature age matriculation and then tertiary studies at the universities of Western Australia and South Australia, while working full-time.\nOn 31 December 1960, Sally Carlton was awarded the Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) for service to the Girl Guides Association in Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sally-carlton-biographical-details\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thanks-girls-and-goodbye-the-story-of-the-australian-womens-land-army-1942-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dowson, Dorothy (Joan)", "Entry ID": "AWE0437", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dowson-dorothy-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cottesloe, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Originally a ballerina in Perth, Western Australia, Joan Dowson served throughout World War II as a nurse. She continued her association with the Australian Red Cross throughout her life.\n", "Details": "Born Dorothy Richardson, but always known as Joan, this one-time ballerina joined the Australian Cross in 1937. As well as entertaining servicemen with concert parties, she completed a course in home nursing during her first year. \nIn 1941, Joan enlisted as a nursing VAD in the army and on 17 March 1943 joined the Australian Army Medical Women's Service. She served in Egypt, Syria, Rehoveth and Gaza with the 9th Division and later in New Guinea. In 1945 she transferred to serve on the aircraft carrier HMS Formidable. She was discharged on 19 March 1945.\nAfter the war Joan Dowson continued working with the Australian Red Cross and Girl Guides. She joined the Western Australian Branch of the RSL and was a member of the State Executive for 20 years - she was the third woman to be elected to the executive. Joan Dowson also became a member of the Friends of Battye Library.\nOn 14 June 1980, Joan Dowson was appointed The Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) (MBE) for services to the Red Cross and Ex-servicemen and women. In 1991 she received the RSL meritorious medal and was awarded life membership of the Red Cross in 1992.\nJoan Dowson was awarded the Medal of Australia (OAM) on 11 June 1996, for service to the community, particularly the RSL and ex-servicewomen, Red Cross, Girl Guides and as a member of the cancer crusade of Western Australia for 30 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-dowson-receives-order-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/receives-order-of-australia-award-for-community-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/receives-rsl-meritorious-medal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/awarded-red-cross-life-membership\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-dorothy-joan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-dorothy-joan-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dorothy-dowson-interviewed-by-victoria-hobbs-for-the-australia-1938-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-joan-bucknell-and-miss-joan-richardson-two-australian-red-cross-society-representatives-returning-home-after-being-attached-to-hms-formidable\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Meyer, Hilda Florence", "Entry ID": "AWE0472", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meyer-hilda-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Major Hilda Florence Meyer was appointed Assistant Controller Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) Land Headquarters (L.H.Q) and she served in this capacity from November 1942 until August 1944. She attended the third Australian Women's Services Administrative School in Melbourne, which was established in 1943, to gain advanced training in Army organisation and administration. Courses were held at the school between October 1943 and July 1945. Major Meyer was appointed Deputy Assistant Controller AAMWS Headquarters, Western Command, to administer the movement and placement of AAMWS in Western Australian medical units between 1944 and 1945.\nSource used to compile this entry: From Blue to Khaki by Betty Mount-Batten p. 48 \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meyer-hilda-florence-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meyer-hilda-florence-service-number-vx117124-date-of-birth-31-dec-1899-place-of-birth-kalgoorlie-wa-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-meyer-hilda\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Healy, June Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE0480", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/healy-june-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Before enlisting in the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) in 1960, June Healy was a member of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corp. She attended the 9\/60 Officer Cadet Course (OCS) and was then posted as Adjutant\/Quartermaster at 31 WRAAC Barrack Melbourne and in 1962 to WRAAC School as Adjutant (CMF).\nAfter her marriage to Major John Healy in 1963, June held an assortment of positions, usually in the area of training and office management, wherever her husband was posted. Also she worked as a volunteer on numerous Army Wives Committees and helped in setting up the first Thrift Shop at the Canungra Land Welfare Centre to assist in the funding of the local Girl Guides. In 1978 Healy became a member of the WRAAC Association and served as the State vice-president and president of the ACT Association. From 1995 until 1999 she was National president. From 1981 Healy was a foundation member of the Defence Widows Support Group. This group assists defence widows whose husbands were not killed during war service, did not die of war caused disabilities and therefore do not qualify for a War Widows' Pension. On 11 June 1990 June Healy was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for service to veterans. In 1994 she became a member of the War Widows' Guild of Australia (ACT) and was State president from 1995 to 1998 and National president from 1998 to 2002.\nIn October 2002 June Healy joined the Australian Women in War Project representing the War Widows' Guild of Australia.\n", "Events": "Adjutant Quartermaster 31 WRAAC Barrack Melbourne (ARA) (1961 - 1961) \nAdjutant WRAAC School Sydney (ARA) (1963 - 1963) \nAwarded Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for service to veterans (1990 - 1990) \nBirth of second daughter (1971 - 1971) \nBoard member of ACTION Bus Advisory Committee (1996 - 1996) \nBoard member of COTA (Australia) (1987 - 1987) \nBoard member of the Governing Council RMC Duntroon Society (1995 - 1995) \nBoard member of the Heart Foundation (ACT Division) (1995 - 1995) \nBoard member of the Life Education Centre (1993 - 1993) \nBoard member of the Ryder Cheshire World War Memorial Fund (1990 - 1990) \nChairperson of the Peer Education Project - Pharmaceuticals (1996 - 1996) \nCommittee member of \"Access\" (ACROD) (1995 - 1995) \nCommittee member of the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council (APAC) (1995 - 1995) \nCommittee member of the Hospital Discharge Planning Working Party for the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council (1995 - 1995) \nCommittee member of the Quality Use of Medicines in Nursing Homes Working Party for the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council (1995 - 1995) \nConsumer representative on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Council (PBAC) (1997 - 1997) \nDeputy national president of COTA (Australia) (1994 - 1994) \nDeputy national secretary of the Returned & Services League of Australia (1981 - 1992) \nEmployed in staff training for Condamine Country Estate Brisbane (1974 - 1974) \nEmployed in staff training for John P Young and Associates Management Consultants (1970 - 1970) \nEmployed in staff training for Village Cinemas Melbourne (1978 - 1978) \nFirst daughter born (1965 - 1965) \nFoundation member of the Defence Widows Support Group (1981 - 1981) \nGraduated from Girdlestone Girls School, Perth (1949 - 1949) \nHonorary president of the Canberra Services Club (1998 - 1998) \nHonorary secretary of the Heart Foundation (ACT) Division (1998 - 1998) \nMarried John Boyd Healy (1963 - 1963) \nMember of the Australian Council for Overseas Aid (ACFOA) on the International Disaster Emergency Committee (IDEC) (1978 - 1981) \nMember of the committee for Hospital and Quality Use of Medicines for the Consumer Health Forum (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Disease Management Advisory Committee for the Health Insurance Commission (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the Guild Commercial Limited Pharmacy Intranet Consultative Group (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the International Disaster Emergency Committee of the Australian Council for Overseas Aid (1980 - 1980) \nMember of the Pharmaceutical Project Steering Committee (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Preventive Care Trial Steering Committee for the Department of Veterans' Affairs (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the Respite Care Task Group for Aged Care Australia (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Respite Review Reference Group for the Department of Human Services and Health (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Response to the Industry Committee Report (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Seniors Card Scheme Committee for the Australian Capital Territory Government (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Sir Edward Dunlop Medical Research Foundation (ACT) (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Veteran's Affairs Medical Ethics Committee (1995 - ) \nNational president of the Council on the Ageing (Australia) (1996 - 1998) \nNational president of the War Widows' Guild (Australia) (1998 - 2002) \nNational president of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps Association (WRAAC) (1995 - 1995) \nNational secretary of the Returned & Services League of Australia (1992 - 1995) \nOfficer cadet at the WRAAC School Sydney (ARA) (1960 - 1960) \nPresident of the War Widows' Guild ACT (1995 - 1995) \nQualified reviewer for the Community Health and Accreditation Standards Program (CHASP) (1995 - 1995) \nRepresented the War Widows' Guild of Australia at the dedication of the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004 - 2004) \nResearch and Library Assistant at Sandhurst Military Academy (United Kingdom) (1966 - 1968) \nServed with the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corp (RAANC) (CMF) (1954 - 1960) \nServed with the Women's Royal Australian Army Corp (WRAAC) (1960 - 1965) \nWorked for the West Australian Newspaper Limited (1951 - 1960) \nWorked with Cheshire Homes Muscular Dystrophy patients (1972 - 1973) \nWorked with Singapore Childrens Home abandoned and orphaned children (1972 - 1973) \nWorked with Tampines Homes - Physically and Mentally Disabled persons (1972 - 1973)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-of-the-queen-women-in-the-australian-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-june-healy-retired-officer-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-deputy-national-secretary-1981-1992-and-national-secretary-1992-1994-of-the-returned-services-league-of-austr\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Solly, Elsie Hope", "Entry ID": "AWE0521", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/solly-elsie-hope\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria Park, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Servicewoman", "Summary": "A foundation staff member of the Canberra College of Advanced Education (now University of Canberra), Elsie Solly was awarded a Member of the Order of Australia. On 26 January 1983 she received the award for service to education, particularly in the field of secretarial studies. In 1977 she was awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal. President of the Australian Women's Army Service Association (Western Australia) Inc., Solly was on the original committee of the Association when established in 1947. Solly was also president of the Association of Academic Staff during her term with the Canberra College of Advanced Education. In 2003 Elsie Solly was awarded a Centenary of Federation medal for services to the veterans' community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-secretary-at-work-a-brief-finishing-course-in-secretarial-procedures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/solly-elsie-hope-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-a-croquet-legend-elsie-solly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-mavis-mackenzie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-strawb-james-v-president-awas-assn-wa-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elsie-solly-interviewed-by-louise-douglas-for-the-australia-1938-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Corry, Alice Gwendoline", "Entry ID": "AWE0526", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/corry-alice-gwendoline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Shenton Park, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Alice Corry was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia on 26 January 1987 for services to ex-servicemen and women. She joined the Australian Women's Army Service on 27 August 1942, aged 16. Following completion of the recruiting course she transferred to Victoria and served at Land Headquarters as a signalwoman. At the time of her discharge on 12 March 1946 she had obtained the rank of Corporal. In 1947 she married Mervyn Joseph Corry in Perth. At the Annual General Meeting in 1969, Corry was elected President of the Australian Women's Army Service Association (WA), a post she held for 29 years. Honoured with being chosen to unveil the Western Australian memorial to Sybil Irving, she was also the first Life Member of the Association in 1974. Corry was also involved with her church, her husband's Corvettes' Association, the Red Cross and the Braille Society.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-corry-awarded-medal-of-the-order-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/otoole-alice-gwendoline\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Drake-Brockman, Henrietta Frances York", "Entry ID": "AWE0548", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drake-brockman-henrietta-frances-york\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Author", "Summary": "The daughter of Dr Roberta and Martin Jull, Henrietta Drake-Brockman married the then Commissioner for the far north west of Australia, Geoffrey Drake-Brockman on 3 August 1921. While in the north west she wrote articles for the West Australia under the pseudonym 'Henry Drake'. The author of Men Without Wives, which won the Australian Sesquicentenary prize, Drake-Brockman also wrote for the theatre, and was co-editor, with Walter Murdoch, of Australian Short Stories. On 1 January 1967 Henrietta Drake-Brockman was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to Australian literature.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1967 - 1967) \nAwarded Bulletin Short Story Prize (1939 - 1939) \nJoined the Sydney branch of the Fellowship of Australian Writers (1939 - 1939) \nPresident of the Fellowship of Australian Writers, Western Australian Branch (1941 - 1941) \nPresident of the Fellowship of Australian Writers, Western Australian Branch (1956 - 1957) \nWon Sesquicentenary Celebration Prize for best full-length Australian Play Men Without Wives (1938 - 1938)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henrietta-drake-brockman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drake-brockman-henrietta-frances-york-1901-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-henrietta-drake-brockman-1901-1968\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1630-1967-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-henrietta-drake-brockman-1882-1975-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hazel-de-berg-1959-1963-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-paris-and-anne-drake-brockman-1950-1998-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Backhouse, Enid (Elizabeth)", "Entry ID": "AWE0589", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/backhouse-enid-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northam, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Novelist, Servicewoman", "Summary": "After serving with the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAAF) during the Second World War, Elizabeth Backhouse worked as a scriptwriter with Korda Films in England. Backhouse returned to Australia in 1951. She was a writer of novels, children's stories, plays, filmscripts, a ballet and a musical.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-writers-a-bibliographic-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/backhouse-enid-elizabeth-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-backhouse-interviewed-by-stuart-reid-for-the-battye-library-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1933-2001-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wheatley, Alice Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0614", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wheatley-alice-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bridgetown, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Bridgetown, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Born in Bridgetown, Western Australia, Alice Wheatley was educated at Perth College. She undertook her nursing training at the Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia and the Queen Victoria Hospital, Victoria. In 1941 Wheatley enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (RAAFNS). On 10 March 1944 she was awarded the Royal Red Cross Medal Second Class for her work in charge of the first nursing party of the RAAFNS in New Guinea. In 1946 Wheatley represented the RAAFNS in the Victory Contingent to England. From 1946 until 1951 she held the position of Matron-in-Chief. On 1 January 1951 Wheatley was appointed an Officer of the British Empire in recognition of her service with the RAAFNS.\n", "Events": "Area matron with the RAAFNS and served in New Guinea area (1941 - 1946) \nDischarged from the RAAFNS (1951 - 1951) \nJoined the Royal Australian Air Force Nusing Service (RAAFNS) (1941 - 1941) \nMatron-in-Chief of the RAAFNS (1946 - 1951) \nOfficer of the Order of the British Empire (Military) (OBE) (1951 - 1951) \nRepresented the RAAFNS in the Victory Contingent to England (1946 - 1946) \nRoyal Red Cross (2nd Class) (ARRC) (1944 - 1944)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wheatley-alice-jean-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/story-of-the-raaf-nursing-service-1940-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MacLeod, Barbara Denise", "Entry ID": "AWE0661", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macleod-barbara-denise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bunbury, Western Australia", "Death Place": "Mollymook, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman", "Summary": "Former primary school teacher Barbara MacLeod joined the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service in 1954. During her service she served in every Australian state except Western Australia. In 1976 MacLeod became the first woman officer of any service to attend the Australian Administrative Staff College (AASC). Three years later she was the first woman naval officer of Captain's rank to be posted to a male Captain's position. In 1982 MacLeod became an Honorary Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to Queen Elizabeth. She was the first Australian woman to be appointed as an ADC, a post which had to be relinquished on her retirement. On 9 June 1975 Naval Officer Barbara MacLeod became a Member of the Order of Australia. She was also awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal (1977) and the National Medal (1977) and Bar (1979).\n", "Events": "Advised on the setting up of the Wrans' quarters at HMAS Albatross, the naval air station at Nowra, NSW (1963 - 1963) \nAppointed a member in the Military Divisions of the Order of Australia (1975 - 1975) \nAppointed Aide-de-Camp to Queen Elizabeth and required to attend Royal functions whenever the Queen was in Australia (1982 - 1982) \nAppointed Director of Navy Industrial policy and responsible for policy on housing, leave and pay (1979 - 1984) \nAppointed Director of the WRANS (1973 - 1979) \nAwarded Bar for the National Medal (1979 - 1979) \nAwarded the National Medal (1977 - 1977) \nAwarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal (1977 - 1977) \nCommand WRANS officer to flag officer commanding East Australian Area (1971 - 1973) \nCommenced Officer Training Course (1954 - 1954) \nCommissioned as a probationary Third Officer (1954 - 1954) \nCompleted Advance Course at the Australian Administrative Staff College (AASC) (1976 - 1976) \nFirst woman sent by Defence to the Australian Administrative Staff College (1970 - 1970) \nFoundation member of the Australian Naval Institute (1975 - 1975) \nGraduated from the Western Australian Teachers College (1950 - 1950) \nJoined the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) as a Direct Entry Officer Candidate (1953 - 1953) \nPrimary school teacher in Western Australia (1951 - 1953) \nPromoted to Chief Officer (1972 - 1972) \nPromoted to First Officer (1962 - 1962) \nPromoted to Second Officer (1958 - 1958) \nVice-president of the Australian Naval Institute (1975 - 1978)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ships-belles-the-story-of-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-in-war-and-peace-1941-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/requiem-for-a-wran-new-south-wales-ex-wrans-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-barbara-macleod-former-chief-officer-wrans-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Williams, Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE0796", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Broadcaster, Journalist, Print journalist, Radio Journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Joan Williams was a prominent member of the Western Australian branch of the Communist Party of Australia. She was politically active from the 1920s, but began her career in journalism as a young woman already imbued with a strong political consciousness. The networks fostered through her membership in an elite group of Western Australian left-wing radicals were critical to the foundation of numerous Western Australian women's and peace organisations. Under the pen name Justina Williams she wrote short stories, historical works, poems, biography and her autobiography Anger and Love. She was awarded the Order of Australia Medal accepting it on behalf of her \"unrecognized sisters who serve the community\".\n", "Details": "As a young journalist Joan Williams learned about the organisational strategies operating within the European peace and women's movements and began a lifetime involvement with Perth's left-wing intelligentsia. Committed to initiating social change through public education Williams joined the Communist Party in 1939 drawn in by their concerns for social justice, women's equality and opposition to war and fascism. Joan Williams' activism spanned over fifty years. She was a foundation member of the Modern Women's Club, the Western Australian Council for Equal Pay and Opportunity and the International Women's Day Committee. In the 1950s Williams' focus shifted to the concern for nuclear disarmament and, joining forces with the members of the Union of Australian Women, she established a locally based Waterside Workers Federation Women's Committee to support strike action occurring at the time. In the early 1970s Williams became a foundation member of Women's Liberation and the Women's Electoral Lobby.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1935 - 1960)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-williams-brief-biography-mother-of-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-williams-awarded-australian-medal-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-williams-biography-of-wel-member-peace-activist-and-writer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-williams-interview-with-feminist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wharfies-smile-but-the-fight-is-not-over\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/writing-labor-history-in-western-australia-my-experience-with-the-first-furrow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anger-love\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/justina-williams-brief-biography-of-writer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/justina-williams-profile-of-writer-with-full-page-portrait\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-furrow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fighting-to-be-seen-and-heard-a-tribute-to-four-western-australian-peace-activists\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-the-banner-women-leadership-and-activism-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-williams-papers-1934-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-joan-williams-sound-recording-interviewed-by-leckie-hopkins\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1938-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Greenwood, Irene Adelaide", "Entry ID": "AWE0805", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene-adelaide\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Albany, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Broadcaster, Feminist, Pacifist, Peace activist, Writer", "Summary": "A tireless campaigner and activist for over fifty years, Irene Adelaide Greenwood's interests in feminism and the peace movement were formed through her mother Mary Driver's involvement with the Women's Services Guild. The achievements of Greenwood's life's work are considerable and her commitment and energy was recognized in the many awards bestowed on her. These include Member of the Order of Australia, the first woman to receive an Honorary Doctorate at Murdoch University, recognition as the strategist behind the implementation of the Chair in Peace Studies at Murdoch University, the United Nations Association of Australia Silver Peace Medal and honorary life membership, Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal, appointment to the National Advisory Committee on Women's Affairs in 1974 and the naming of the flagship of the State ship's fleet M.V. Irene Greenwood in her honour. Greenwood was also a life or honorary member of many key international, national and state peace and women's organizations.\n", "Details": "As early as 1916 Irene Greenwood was sensitized to issues of social justice sharing her mother's concern for the oppression of Aborigines and women. In 1920 she participated in Perth's first strike by civil servants marking the beginning of a long career in political activism. In 1931 she moved from Perth to Sydney where she began a career in broadcasting, at the same time developing a radical political consciousness and experience in the women's movement. Returning to Perth in 1935 she worked on the ABC's Women's Session and then moved to commercial radio instituting the popular Woman to Woman programme. Greenwood retired from radio in 1953. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, she intensified her involvement in the women's and peace movements, traveling as a delegate to national conferences and forums and in 1965 to The Hague and Zurich for the Golden Jubilee Congress of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She edited Peace and Freedom the official organ for Women's International League for Peace and Freedom until she was into her seventies. Locally Greenwood was party to the formation of the Western Australian Council for Equal Pay and Opportunity and edited Equal Pay News for the duration of the organization's existence. She participated in the foundation of Western Australian branches of the Family Planning Association, the Abortion Law Repeal Association, Women's Liberation and Women's Electoral Lobby. Greenwood expressed a special love for history, organising displays of the founders of the Women's Movement and documenting the history of Western Australian women's organizations and feminism. She bestowed a vast archive of unique and rare material relating to women and the peace movement to Murdoch University.\n(As Giles (1999) notes Greenwood publicly changed her date of birth to 1899 to coincide with the year that non-Indigenous women won the vote in Western Australia)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-irene-greenwood-collection-a-classified-list-of-holdings-in-murdoch-university-library-of-material-received-from-irene-greenwood-as-of-may-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-limits-of-authorship-the-radio-broadcasts-of-irene-greenwood-1936-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-lust\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-1899sic-1992-a-hero-of-the-feminist-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-autobiography-of-feminist-activist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-interview-with-w-a-s-leading-feminist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-obituaries-for-feminist-and-social-activist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-obituaries-for-feminist-and-social-activist-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-obituaries-for-feminist-and-social-activist-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-obituaries-for-feminist-and-social-activist-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newspaper-article-about-greenwood-relationship-with-broome\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newspaper-article-about-greenwood-hears-anti-discrimination-bill-introduced\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-memoriam-irene-adelaide-greenwood-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-a-hero-of-the-feminist-movement-1899-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-a-voice-for-peace\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/on-air-the-story-of-catherine-king-and-the-abc-womens-session\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-limits-of-authorship-the-radio-broadcasts-of-irene-greenwood-1936-1954-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-irene-greenwood-1912-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-irene-greenwood-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/birthday-party-at-cockburn-sound\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-bill-of-rights\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-talks-to-robin-juniper\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-talks-with-grant-stone\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-talks-with-angela-douglass\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-library-resources-trust-food-for-feminism-dinner-november-7th-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-irene-greenwood-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irene-greenwood-sound-recording-interviewed-by-nancy-lutton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irene-greenwood-sound-recording-interviewed-by-nancy-lutton-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irene-greenwood-sound-recording-interviewed-by-rica-erikson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irene-greenwood-sound-recording-interviewed-by-ken-spillman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irene-a-greenwood-sound-recording-interviewed-by-clive-moore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mrs-irene-greenwood-sound-recording-interviewed-by-gillian-waite\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irene-greenwood-feminist-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-street-circa-1914-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-fleming-arnot-personal-and-professional-papers-1890-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-women-voters-1920-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lorelei-booker-papers-ca-1890-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irina-dunn-papers-ca-1980-1984-with-papers-collected-relating-to-early-feminists-1873-1983\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cameron, Annette", "Entry ID": "AWE0819", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-annette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Middle Swan, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Redcliffe, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Political activist, Political candidate, social activist", "Summary": "Annette Cameron was born in Middle Swan WA in 1920. Her interest in politics was sparked by the Spanish Civil War, prompting her to join the Modern Women's Club, the Anti-Fascist League, and, in 1941, the Communist Party. She was an active campaigner for peace, human rights, and Aboriginal causes.\n", "Details": "Annette Elizabeth Moore was born in 1920 in Middle Swan, Western Australia. Her family had helped develop the area; her great-grandfather's brother, George Fletcher Moore, had arrived from Ireland in 1830 and obtained a grant, which he called Millendon, on the Upper Swan. Annette's grandfather, William Dalgety Moore, had represented Fremantle in the colony's Legislative Council from August 1870 to May 1872, and in 1890-94 was a nominee in the first Legislative Council.\nAnnette was educated in Perth, and gained a reputation as a rebel while attending St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls. Her interest in politics was aroused by the Spanish Civil War, and after attending meetings of the Modern Women's Club and joining the Anti-Fascist League, Cameron became a member of the Communist Party of Australia in 1941. She then moved to Sydney, worked in the Party offices, and began what was to be a lifelong friendship with Katharine Susannah Prichard. She was jailed for a short time after her arrest during a campaign supporting Indonesian independence from Dutch colonialism.\nAnnette moved back to Perth after the war, joining Sam Aarons, who she had met in Sydney. They had a son, Gerald, in 1949. In the late 1950s, when Sam was travelling in China and suffered a heart attack, the Chinese Authorities flew Annette and Gerald to China to be with him during his lengthy recuperation. Banquets were held in their honour, and Annette apparently made a lasting impression on Chairman Mao. According to Perth newspaper The West Australian, he was so impressed by her 'beauty and intelligence' that he 'made it clear that a place was waiting for her as his consort.' The Aarons family returned to Australia after about a year, however, and resumed working for the Party. Sam Aarons died in 1971, and Annette later married Duncan Cameron.\nAnnette Cameron worked in many different capacities for the Communist Party, including painting political slogans and selling Workers' Star and Tribune. She was also active on a number of committees, attended countless meetings, addressed audiences on the Esplanade, and directed the campaigns of political candidates. She stood as a Communist Party candidate in State elections, for the Senate in 1955 and 1958, and for the House of Representatives in 1966.\nIn the 1960s, Annette was at the forefront of the Communist Party's anti-Vietnam War marches. At the Vietnam War Moratoriums, which attracted thousands of people, Annette and Duncan became leading activists at large-scale rallies and assisted young men who refused conscription. Annette and Duncan also campaigned actively for Aboriginal rights.\nAnnette Cameron suffered from multiple sclerosis for thirty-five years, making the years following the death of Duncan in 2005 particularly difficult. She died at the age of eighty-eight in 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/well-read-a-bibliography-of-communist-party-other-sources-collected-in-western-australia-by-annette-and-duncan-cameron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-furrow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-index-to-parliamentary-candidates-in-western-australian-elections-1890-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mao-took-shine-to-perth-red-activist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1938-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-collection-1919-1995-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Allgrove, Ellen Mavis (Nell)", "Entry ID": "AWE0857", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allgrove-ellen-mavis-nell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Nell Allgrove, n\u00e9e Hannah, came to South Australia from the West with her family when she was an infant. She began nursing training at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1936 and worked in the hospital's Blood Transfusion Unit until she was called up to the Australian Army Nursing Service in 1940. In 1941 she joined the 2\/4 Casualty Clearing Station and was sent to Malaya. She was among those who escaped from Singapore just before its capture by the Japanese in February 1942. When the ship 'Vyner Brooke' was sunk in Banka Strait, Nell and fellow nurses were interned by the Japanese. She was among 24 nurses (from a total of 65) who survived until their release in September 1945.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hannah-ellen-mavis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-war-the-exceptional-life-of-wilma-oram-young-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-ellen-mavis-allgrove-sound-recording-interviewer-joan-durdin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyon, Edeline (Tommy)", "Entry ID": "AWE0928", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyon-edeline-tommy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Tommy Lyon went to schools at Canarvon and Perth. She completed her nurse training in Perth and Broome. Following her midwifery course Lyon nursed at Norseman. Lyon moved to Adelaide and worked at the Adelaide Hospital. In 1944 she left to get married. Lyon returned to nursing in 1964 working at St Andrew's and Wakefield St Hospitals. She retired in 1981 when she was 67.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-tommy-lyon-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cameron, Bessy", "Entry ID": "AWE0997", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-bessy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nyungar country, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Bessy Cameron was educated at a 'native institution' (later known as Annesfield) at Albany, opened in 1852 by Anne Camfield, a teacher and governess. Bessy took her certificate of Proficiency with honours, and was sent to Sydney to attend a 'model school', where she became an accomplished pianist. In 1866 she returned to Albany to help Mrs Camfield in the school and was employed as church organist. In 1867 Bessy was sent to the Moravian Ramahyuck mission as a teacher. Not being able to marry a European man of her choice, she was transferred to Lake Tyers, were she married Donald Cameron, a Jupagilwournditch man from Ebenezer in 1868. Bessy lost her initiative and enthusiasm, which was reflected in a marked deterioration in her status. Her married years were spent moving from Ramahyuck to Lake Tyers and back, in a struggle to support her four surviving children. Her marriage deteriorated, and in 1887 Bessy fell seriously ill following another miscarriage. The rest of her life was spent battling to prevent the forceful removal of her children and grandchildren.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/efforts-made-by-western-australia-towards-the-betterment-of-her-aborigines\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bessy-cameron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-elizabeth-bessy-1851-1895\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bindi, Daisy", "Entry ID": "AWE1000", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bindi-daisy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Near Jigalong, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Port Hedland, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist", "Summary": "Daisy Bindi was born probably around 1904 on the Western Australian edge of the Gibson Desert. She learned to do housework and to ride and manage horses while working on 'Ethel Creek' station from an early age. In the 1940s she organised a strike of Aboriginal workers on the stations near her, despite the threats by the police and Native Welfare Department that she would be removed from the area. Her initiative was largely responsible for spreading the strike to the further inland Pilbara stations; the strike changed the structure of labour relations in the north of the State. In the 1950s Daisy lived with others in a well-ordered collective, the Pindan Cooperative, the first Aboriginal cooperative formed in Western Australia. When she visited Perth for the first time in October 1959, she spent much time lobbying for a school for Pindan. Her later visit to Perth gave her the opportunity to associate with women who supported the Aboriginal cause at the Union of Australian Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bindi-daisy-1914-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/turning-the-tide-a-personal-history-of-the-federal-council-for-the-advancement-ofaborigines-and-torres-strait-islanders\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bindi-daisy-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Winch, Marie Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE1080", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/winch-marie-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Health worker, Midwife, Nurse", "Summary": "Joan Winch grew up in Fremantle, Western Australia. In 1977 she gained a Bachelor of Applied Science in Nursing at the Western Australian Institute of Technology (now Curtin University). She went on to study midwifery and child care, becoming a triple certificated sister.\nFrom 1975 she was involved in the Perth Aboriginal Medical Service. In 1982 she started up a mobile unit, driving around the Swan Valley fringe dwellers' camps, servicing medical needs and assisting Nyungars to hospitals. In 1983 she founded the Aboriginal Health Workers Program, Marr Mooditj college, in Perth, integrating traditional Aboriginal approach to health and healing with western medicine.\nJoan Winch was awarded her PhD in Aboriginal Studies from the Centre for Aboriginal Studies in May 2011. On the recommendation of each of her examiners, she also received a commendation from the Chancellor. Her PhD was executively approved on 11 May, four weeks before her 76th birthday. Her doctoral thesis presented a history of Marr Mooditj using an auto-ethnographic approach.\nDr Winch was named WA Citizen of the Year in 1986, State and National Aboriginal of the Year in 1987, and in the same year received the World Health Organisation Sasakawa Award for Primary Health Care Work on behalf of Marr Mooditj. She served as Director of the Centre for Aboriginal Studies between 1999 and 2001. In 2008 she received Curtin University's John Curtin Medal for her services to the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McPherson, Shirley", "Entry ID": "AWE1086", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcpherson-shirley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Accountant, Administrator", "Summary": "Shirley McPherson was born in 1948 in Perth, Western Australia. A champion schoolgirl athlete, she also excelled academically and won a teaching bursary on completing her leaving certificate at Dominican ladies college, Dongara. She completed a three-year accountancy course at the Western Australia Institute of Technology in 1967 and, in 1974, opened her own tax consultancy business in Perth. When the family moved to Geraldton, she worked as a tax agent there.\nShe was appointed a commissioner of the Aboriginal Development Commission in 1983 and became full-time chairperson in 1986. Despite the commission's growing budgets and staff levels, McPherson's nine fellow commissioners were dismissed by Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, Gerry Hand, in 1988, and she only retained her position because it was an appointment made by the Governor-General. The new commissioners twice passed motions of censure against her.\nDisappointed, McPherson resigned in 1989 and returned to Western Australia. She resumed accountancy and also worked as a consultant on Aboriginal affairs to the state government.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bin-Sallik, Mary Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE1163", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bin-sallik-mary-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broome, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Justice of the Peace, Nurse, Social worker", "Summary": "Mary Ann Bin-Sallik has played a monumental role in the advancement of Aboriginal studies with a proliferation of posts in the tertiary sector. She has been part of government committees of inquiry into Aboriginal employment; discrimination in employment; and the forced removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.\nIn 2017, Mary Ann Bin-Sallik was made an Officer in the General division of the Order of Australia 'for distinguished service to tertiary education as an academic, author and administrator, particularly in the area of Indigenous studies and culture, and as a role model and mentor.\n", "Details": "Mary Ann Bin-Sallik, descendant of the Kija people of the Turkey Creek area, was born in Broome, Western Australia. She trained as a nurse in the Northern Territory. After graduation from the Darwin Hospital, she worked in various settlements in the Northern Territory for 17 years. In 1975 she moved to South Australia where she completed an Associate Diploma in Social Work in 1979. In 1980-85 she was coordinator of the Aboriginal Taskforce at the South Australian Institute of Technology. 1985 saw her commence a Masters in Education at Harvard University in Boston, and in 1989 she completed her doctorate in education, also at Harvard.\nOn her return to Australia, Bin-Sallik was appointed Senior Lecturer in Aboriginal Studies at the South Australian College of Advanced Education. She became Head of the School of Aboriginal Studies and Teacher Education at the University of South Australia in 1990. Since then she has held a number of positions in education, including the Ranger Chair in Aboriginal Studies, Director of CINCRM and Dean of the Faculty of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies at Northern Territory University. She was also Dean of the College of Indigenous Education and Research at the University of South Australia, and a Justice of the Peace.\nBin-Sallik has served on numerous national and state committees, including the Commonwealth Government's Committee of Review of Aboriginal Employment and Training, the National Aboriginal Employment Development Committee and the National Committee Against Discrimination in Employment and Occupation. She has been a member of the National Population Council, and the Council of the Institute of Aboriginal Studies (now AIATSIS). She was a Co-Commissioner for the Human Rights Commissions' Enquiry into the Forced Removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children.\nIn 2000 Bin-Sallik edited and published her book, Aboriginal Women by Degree, recording the lives and achievements of 13 Indigenous women.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-women-by-degrees-their-stories-of-the-journey-towards-academic-achievement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brennan, Gloria Faye", "Entry ID": "AWE1165", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-gloria-faye\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leonora, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Anthropologist, Linguist, Pianist, Public servant", "Summary": "Gloria Brennan, of Pindiini (Nyanganyatjara) descent, was born in 1948 in the eastern goldfields of Western Australia. She graduated in linguistics and anthropology from the University of Western Australia in 1978.\nBrennan was one of the founders of the Aboriginal Medical Service and Aboriginal Legal Service in Western Australia. She continued her work in Canberra with the Equal Employment Opportunity Bureau of the Public Service Board. She was Aboriginal Australian delegate to the Second World African and Black Festival of Arts and Culture in 1977 and travelled extensively, making contacts with other indigenous people. She was also a classical pianist. Brennan died of cancer in 1985.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-gloria-fay-1948-1985\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Morgan, Sally", "Entry ID": "AWE1175", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/morgan-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Writer", "Summary": "Sally Morgan is a renowned Aboriginal artist and author of the award-winning My Place.\n", "Details": "Sally Morgan was born and raised in Perth, Western Australia. She completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Western Australia in 1974, followed by postgraduate diplomas in counselling, computing and librarianship at the Curtin Institute of Technology in Perth. Curious about her background, she began investigating her family's history, and discovered she had relatives at the Corunna Downs station in Western Australia's Pilbara district.\nIn 1987 Morgan became a national celebrity with the release of her autobiography, My Place, which charts her discovery of her Aboriginality and outlines her family history. The book won the inaugural Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission humanitarian award in 1987 and the Western Australia Week literary award for non-fiction in 1988. She subsequently published several books.\nSally Morgan is also a nationally recognised artist, and has held numerous exhibitions. Her paintings can be found in major collections including the Robert Holmes a Court collection, the Dobell Foundation and the Australian National Gallery. She was awarded a Medal of Australia in 1990.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/my-place\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moodeitj-yorgas\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mundja", "Entry ID": "AWE1177", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mundja\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Naaru, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Justice of the Peace, Traditional Aboriginal custodian", "Summary": "Mundja, of Kukatja descent, was born at Naaru in the Canning stock route area of the Great Sandy Desert in northern Western Australia. Her husband, a much older man, had several wives and caused her a leg injury which brought her ongoing trouble. In the 1940s her family moved out of the desert to Balgo.\nMundja spoke several languages from her area, and was a custodian of many songs, ceremonies and dances, especially women's. She was one of the two women leaders in the important, partly secret Djuluru Dreaming complex that travelled through the Kimberleys and the Northern Territory. She travelled widely to ceremonial gatherings at places such as Yuendumu, Kintore, Christmas Creek, Jigalong and Wiluna, and to Broome and Derby, to renew contacts with relatives and create new friendships. She acted as an adviser on Aboriginal traditions in the local school, and was nominated as a local Justice of the Peace. She was also engaged in the women's art movement at Balgo.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Oscar, June", "Entry ID": "AWE1182", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oscar-june\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal leader, Aboriginal rights activist, Administrator, Filmmaker, Health worker, Social justice advocate, Welfare worker, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "June Oscar, of Punuba descent, was born in 1962 at Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia. She was sent to Perth for her secondary education at the John Forrest senior high school. She left school at the age of 16.\nAfter returning to Fitzroy Crossing, Oscar worked for the state community welfare and health departments. She later became a women's resource officer with the Junjuwa community. She chaired the Marra Worra Worra resource agency until 1991, when she was appointed to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission for a two-year term as a commissioner.\nShe was a principal of Bunuba Productions, which made the film Jandamarra, based on the life of 'Pigeon', the leader of Punuba resistance against European settlement.\n", "Details": "June Oscar is a proud Bunuba woman from Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia. She is an advocate and activist for Indigenous people, their languages and culture, with a particular interest in children's and women's issues.\nJune was appointed the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner in June 2017; the first woman to hold this position. She currently sits on the governing council of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AITSIS) and is the chief executive of the Marninwarntikura Women's Resource Centre in Fitzroy Crossing. She also chairs the Kimberley Language Resource Centre and is a member of the Kimberley Aboriginal Law and Culture Centre.\nIn 2016 June won the prestigious Desmond Tutu Reconciliation Fellowship. She was awarded an Order of Australia (AO) in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2013 and two years earlier, she was recognized as one of the most influential women in the world.\nThe year 2012 saw June appointed as an Ambassador for Children and Young People by the Western Australian Commissioner for Children and Young People. She was also an Australian delegate to the UN Permanent Forum for Indigenous Issues in New York in both 2009 and 2012. June has previously been the Deputy Director of the Kimberley Land Council and was also the first woman to chair the Marra Worra Worra Resource Agency (Fitzroy Crossing).\nIn addition to her work on Indigenous issues, June has also been influential in the education sector. She developed a curriculum for an Indigenous Knowledge Program for Wesley College in Victoria and has been a member of many education committees. June has also worked as a director of Bunuba Films for more than twenty years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pilkington, Doris", "Entry ID": "AWE1185", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pilkington-doris\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Balfour Downs station, near Jigalong, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Writer", "Summary": "Doris Pilkington is the author of Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence; the story on which Phillip Noyce's celebrated feature film is based.\n", "Details": "Doris Pilkington was born on Balfour Downs station, 60 kilometres northwest of Jigalong in the Pilbara district, Western Australia. Aged four she was forcibly removed with her mother to the Moore River settlement, 115 kilometres north of Perth. Doris attended the settlement school before moving to Perth, where she began training as a nursing aide at the Royal Perth hospital. She later moved to Geraldton and, after raising her children, completed her secondary education. She returned to Perth to study journalism at Curtin University.\nDuring a holiday at Jigalong, Pilkington discovered that her mother, Molly Kelly, was sent from Jigalong to the Moore River settlement at the age of 14, together with her two cousins aged eight and ten. The children escaped and returned to Jigalong by following the 1,000 kilometre long rabbit-proof fence - a journey which took them several months to complete. Inspired by these experiences, Doris wrote a novella, Caprice: A Stockman's Daughter (1991), which won the 1990 David Unaipon award. She also wrote Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence (1996), which was later turned into Phillip Noyce's feature film, Rabbit-Proof Fence (2001).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/follow-the-rabbit-proof-fence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caprice-a-stockmans-daughter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shiner-of-light-on-stolen-generation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fearless-writer-revealed-the-lives-behind-the-sorry-day-stories-of-dispossession\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Torres, Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE1202", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/torres-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broome, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Artist, Community worker, Educator, Health worker", "Summary": "Patricia Torres, of Yawuru, Nyikina, Bardi, Punuba and Walmatjarri descent, was born in Broome, Western Australia. She completed a secretarial training course, a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Diploma of Education.\nTorres became a health worker with the national Aboriginal trachoma program in Western Australia. In 1978 she became a Legal Aid Field Officer with the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre, where she designed and conducted a statewide socioeconomic survey of Aboriginal families. She was a Curriculum Development Officer with the state Education Department in Hobart during 1981. Upon her return to Western Australia, she was appointed Secretary to the Kimberley Land Council at Derby. From 1982 to 1989 she worked for the federal Department of Education and Youth Affairs, serving in Broome, Darwin and Canberra.\nSince then, Torres has concentrated on writing, art and community work. She has recorded Kimberley oral history, published a couple of bilingual children's books which she also illustrated, created posters for national events and recordings of stories. She has worked with many Kimberley community organisations, including the Yawuru Aboriginal Corporation, Winarn Aboriginal Arts and Crafts, Magabala Books and the Broome Aboriginal Media Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/writing-for-children-interview-with-pat-torres\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aborigines-and-archaeologists\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/do-not-go-around-the-edges\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murawina-australian-women-of-high-achievement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tommy, Julie", "Entry ID": "AWE1249", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tommy-julie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare worker", "Summary": "Julie Tommy, of Innawongia descent, grew up on the Onslow Native Welfare Reserve where her family was relocated from their traditional land in the Tom Price\/Paraburdoo area of Western Australia. Her primary school years were spent in a native welfare hostel near the Onslow Reserve, and she had little interaction with her family.\nTommy commenced a social work degree at Curtin University before working with the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Care Agency (ACCA) from 1980 to 1986. She became Coordinator of the Agency and attended national conferences on child care.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-black-grapevine-aboriginal-activism-and-the-stolen-generations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-role-of-aboriginal-languages-in-western-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Corbett, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE1258", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/corbett-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carnarvon, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Administrator, Educator", "Summary": "Helen Corbett, of Yinggarda and Bibbulman descent, was educated in Carnarvon, Perth and Sydney. She was Director of Studies at Tranby Aboriginal Cooperative College in Sydney. She also worked as executive officer in the Western Australian Aboriginal Legal Service, the largest of its kind in Australia, operating 13 branches and providing legal services to over 48,000 Aboriginal people in that state.\nIn 1983 Corbett co-founded the Committee to Defend Black Rights (CDBR), and became its national chairperson. The Committee was at the forefront of a national and international campaign which forced the federal government to establish the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. Helen has represented the Committee at national and international meetings, and has travelled widely to advocate indigenous interests. She is also vice-president of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation and has received a number of awards and scholarships in recognition of her work.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-corbett-addresses-the-un-a-presentation-by-helen-corbett-national-chairperson-of-the-committee-to-defend-black-rights\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voices-from-the-land\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moodeitj-yorgas\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Loney, Nance", "Entry ID": "AWE1890", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/loney-nance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalamunda, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Engineer, Political candidate", "Summary": "Nance Loney, a once only candidate (ALP, New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Vaucluse, 1981), took an active part in matters of politics and public policy as a member of \u00a0the New South Wales Labor Party and activist groups such as Citizens for Democracy, the Labor Women's Conference, the nuclear non-proliferation movement, Eastern Suburbs Friends of the ABC and Labor for Refugees.\n", "Details": "Nance Loney was educated at Banbury High School, the University of Western Australia (BSc) and RMIT. She worked for 2 years as a hospital laboratory technician and then as a Methods Engineer in Textiles after graduating in science. She moved from Western Australia to Sydney in 1960 and from 1977 worked in the computing branch of the State Rail Authority.\nShe was active in anti-uranium and disarmament movements, and was a Republican. A member of the Australian Computer Society and the Australian Transport Officers Federation, she was a director of the Trans National Co-Operative from 1979.\nNance Loney joined the ALP in 1975 and held office at local and electorate level. She continued to take an interest in public affairs in later life, submitting a motion to the Australian Republican Movement's conference in 2002, and making a personal submission to the Commonwealth parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Treaties on the subject of the US\/Australia Free Trade Agreement in April 2004. In 2004 she was on the executive committee of the NSW branch of the Friends of the ABC and assisted the ALP candidate, David Patch in his 2004 House of Representatives campaign for the seat of Wentworth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooper, Priya", "Entry ID": "AWE2198", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-priya\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Paralympian, Swimmer", "Summary": "Priya Cooper was born with Cerebral Palsy and began swimming at a young age for therapy. In 1991, whilst swimming at a school carnival, Priya was selected to represent Wheelchair Sports Western Australia at the 1991 National Wheelchair Games, winning 9 gold medals. Priya debuted internationally at the 1992 Paralympics in Barcelona, winning three gold medals and two silver medals and breaking two world records. Her performances earnt Priya an Order of Australia Medal. She went on to further success at Paralympic Games in Atlanta in 1996 and Sydney in 2000.\nIn 1995, Cooper was named the Paralympian of the Year, in 1999 she was acknowledged as Young Australian of the Year (Sport) edging out Pat Rafter and Ian Thorpe, who were both finalists.\n", "Events": "1 Gold, 3 Bronze. (2000 - 2000) \n3 Gold, 2 Silver. 2 World Records, 3 Paralympic Records. Chosen to carry Australian flag to Closing Ceremony. (1992 - 1992) \nSelected as Female Australian Team Captain. 5 Gold, 1 Silver, 1 Bronze. 3 World Records, 5 Paralympic Records. Selected to carry Australian flag to Closing Ceremony. (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/athlete-profiles\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/priya-cooper-file\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hawkes, Rechelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2226", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hawkes-rechelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Albany, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player, Olympian", "Summary": "Described as 'the cornerstone of Australia's golden era in women's hockey', Rechelle Hawkes was one of the world's most highly decorated hockey players. She had her international debut in 1985 and retired in 2000, playing an Australian record 279 international matches and winning multiple gold medals in major competitions along the way. She won three Olympic Games gold medals (1988, 1996, 2000), two World Cups (1994, 1998) and five Champions Trophies (1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999). She was a member of the team that won gold at the Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur in 1998. She is the most successful female player in international Hockey history\nHawkes had bad luck with injuries early in her career, but this did not stop her from taking her place in the team that won Olympic gold in 1988 in Seoul. In 1993, she was appointed team captain and led the team that compiled an unbeaten streak of 31 games leading into the Atlanta Olympics in 1996, and which eventually went on to beat South Korea 3-1 in the final.\nAfter Atlanta, Hawkes took some time off the game to contemplate her future. She decided to go for Olympic gold one more time and was given the honour of reading the Athletes' Oath at the opening ceremony in Sydney. Two weeks later, she played her last international game and claimed her third Olympic gold medal.\nHawkes was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2002 and the Western Australian Hall of Champions in 2005.\n", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (1988 - 1988) \nMember of the Hockeyroos (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Hockeyroos (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sauvage, Alix Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE2287", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sauvage-alix-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Paralympian, Wheelchair Track and Road Racer", "Summary": "Louise Sauvage is a professional athlete and Paralympian who dominated the world of wheelchair track and road racing for well over a decade. Over the course of her career, Sauvage won nine Paralympic gold medals, four Boston Marathons, and was four times the winner of the 800m Wheelchair Exhibition Race at the IAAF World Athletic Championships. She holds world records in the 1500m, 5000m and 4x100m and 4x400m relays. Louise Sauvage was Australian Female Athlete of the Year in 1999, and International Female Wheelchair Athlete of the Year in 1999 and 2000.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Maurice Sauvage and Rita (n\u00e9e Rigden), Louise Sauvage was christened Alix after her paternal grandmother, but by family tradition has always been known as Louise. Her father, who came from the French- and Creole-speaking island of the Seychelles off the north-east coast of Africa, met her mother, a '\u00a310 pom' who emigrated from Leicestershire, at a dinner dance in Perth, Western Australia. In 1969 they had a daughter, Ann, and four years later, Louise. The two girls were raised in Joondanna, Perth, where Louise attended Tuart Hill Primary School and later, Hollywood Senior High. She left High School after year ten, completing a TAFE course in office and secretarial studies.\nLouise Sauvage was born with the congenital spinal condition myelodysplasia. Her condition necessitated no less than 21 operations before she was ten years old. From the age of three she was swimming to strengthen her upper body and attempting to walk with the aid of splints and callipers. In 1976 she was Perth's 'Telethon Child' as part of a Channel 7 fundraiser for children with disabilities. At the age of eight she began to use a wheelchair, greatly increasing her mobility. She took up wheelchair sports and demonstrated natural ability. As a child, Sauvage later recalled, she had 'raced, swum, thrown discuses, shot puts and javelins and played basketball in sport for athletes with a disability'. By 1983 Sauvage, labelled 'The Joondanna Flash' by the local paper, had been selected to compete in the Second National Junior Games for the Disabled. The following year, aged ten, she became the youngest ever athlete to compete in the National Senior Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Games in Sydney. She came home with two silver and three bronze medals. In 1985 she returned from the National Junior Games in Perth with a haul of fifteen medals, including seven gold. In her early teens Sauvage underwent a number of operations to correct curvature of the spine, virtually living at Princess Margaret Hospital in Perth. Two steel rods placed in her spine spelt the end of a swimming career, leaving Sauvage - though she continued to play basketball - to focus on track racing. It was a fateful move.\nNot yet seventeen years old, Sauvage was selected to represent Australia at the 1990 IPC World Championships in Athletics in Holland. There she won gold in the 100m, creating a new world record. She also won the 200m race but was disqualified for moving out of her lane. At the Stoke Mandeville Games in England the same year, Sauvage took gold in the 100m, 200m, 400m, and two relays. Inspired by the then World No. 1 track racer, the Danish Connie Hansen, Sauvage returned from Holland fuelled by a desire to be the best in the world in her chosen sport. Defying those who said a career as a professional athlete was a mistake for a girl with a disability, she trained hard. The lack of elite competition in Australia in her sport meant that she travelled for four to six months of each year in order to put herself up against the best, but the ordeal of flying was not diminished by its frequency. First on the plane and last off, seated up the back with her chairs and luggage, Sauvage was forced to dehydrate her body before each flight to avoid the difficulty of using aeroplane toilets. Like other athletes, she was living out of hotel rooms away from family and friends, training hard and missing out on a normal social life.\nHitherto funded by her family, Sauvage was awarded a Scholarship from the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in 1990. She began training six days a week with the AIS and the New South Wales Institute\/Sydney Academy of Sport. Her training program included at least twelve sessions a week and a 25km-35km push each morning. At the age of eighteen, Sauvage competed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympic Games where she won three gold medals and one silver (100m, 200m, 400m, 800m). In 1993 Sauvage was awarded the ABC's Junior Female Athlete of the Year Award. That same year she competed for the first time in the Boston Marathon, 'the world's greatest road race' for both able-bodied and wheelchair athletes, attracting 100 wheelchair competitors and 40,000 runners each year. Here Sauvage established a strong and lasting rivalry with the American Jean Driscoll, who won eight of the eleven Marathons in which she competed. Not until 1997 did Sauvage out-do her opponent, beating her again in a spectacular photo finish in 1998 and by a chair's length in 1999. Sauvage won the Marathon for the fourth time in 2001, after Driscoll's retirement.\nAfter a slightly more relaxed year in Melbourne - where she appeared as herself in an episode of the famous Australian television series, Neighbours - Sauvage began training in earnest for the 1996 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Atlanta. She won gold in her only track race at the Olympic Games, beating rivals Driscoll and Cheri Becerra, and went on to win four more gold medals at the Paralympic Games. Having won the 5000m in world record time, Sauvage was competing in the 400m just one hour later, winning gold again with a Paralympic record of 54.96 seconds. She went on to win gold in the 800m and 1500m.\nAfter her success in Atlanta, Sauvage employed a manager, Karen McBrien, and moved to Sydney where she was coached by Andrew Dawes. In late 1998, with the three other members of the Australian Wheelchair Women's Relay Team, Sauvage took part in the Byron Bay to Bondi fund-raising event for the NSW Wheelchair Sports Association. Together, over 13 days, the girls pushed over 800km. In between her 20-30km stints, Louise had to make a quick visit to Sydney to attend an awards presentation and attend community civic functions and personal sponsor appearances.\nThe 2000 Sydney Olympic Games were a career highlight. Sauvage carried the Olympic Torch across the Sydney Harbour Bridge, and lit the Cauldron to mark the commencement of the 2000 Paralympic Games. In the 800m demonstration race at the Olympics, Sauvage won gold before a home crowd of 110,000 people. She went on to win two gold medals (1500m and 5000m) and one silver medal (800m) at the Paralympics.\nLouise Sauvage was voted Australian Paralympian of the Year in 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998. She was the Australian Institute of Sport Athlete of the Year in 1997, and in 1998 won the ABIGROUP National Sports Award as part of the Young Australian of the Year Awards. In 1997 the Australian Olympic Committee presented her with the International Olympic Committee Trophy 'Sport For All' within Australia, and the following year she was featured in an episode of Australian television's 'This is Your Life'. In 2000 she was awarded the trophy for World Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability at the inaugural Laureus Awards hosted by the World Sports Academy.\nLouise Sauvage published her autobiography, Louise Sauvage: My Story, in 2002. The book charts the development of a professional athlete whose phenomenal sporting results were once recorded in the 'human interest' rather than sport sections of the media. Sauvage hoped (and still hopes) through her wins to raise the profile of disability sports and to raise awareness about athletes - and indeed all members of society - with a disability. She speaks to schools, community groups, and corporations. Sauvage was selected by the Sydney Paralympic Organising Committee as a Media Ambassador to promote the Games throughout Australia, and in 2000 she established the Louise Sauvage 'Aspire to be a Champion Foundation', administered by the NSW Wheelchair Sports Association. As part of its Sporting Grants program, the Foundation recently awarded a grant to Brett Ogden, a quadriplegic wheelchair track and road racer. In 2005 Louise Sauvage was inducted into the NSW Sports Hall of Champions.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/louise-sauvage-my-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-there-with-madonna\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-athletes-to-their-mentors-louise-sauvage-thanking-andrew-dawes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bradley, Amber", "Entry ID": "AWE2308", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bradley-amber\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wickham, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Rower", "Events": "Women's Quadruple Scull (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woodhouse, Danielle", "Entry ID": "AWE2317", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodhouse-danielle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Water Polo Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Women's Water Polo Team (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Watson, Lynne", "Entry ID": "AWE2327", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watson-lynne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Swimmer", "Events": "Swimming - 100m and 200m Backstroke, 4 x 100m Freestyle Relay, 4 x 100m Medley Relay (1970 - 1970) \nSwimming - Member of the 4 x 100m Medley Relay Team (1968 - 1968)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marsden, Karen", "Entry ID": "AWE2361", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marsden-karen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Margaret River, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Starre, Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE2371", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/starre-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (1992 - 1992) \nMember of the Hockeyroos (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Hockeyroos (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hannan, Fiona", "Entry ID": "AWE2377", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hannan-fiona\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Basketball Player, Handball Player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Opals, the Australian Women's Basketball Team (1996 - 1996) \nRepresented Australia in Handball (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ireland, Bridgette", "Entry ID": "AWE2395", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ireland-bridgette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Water Polo Player", "Events": "Member of the Australian Women's Water Polo Team (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hardie, Kelly", "Entry ID": "AWE2415", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hardie-kelly\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Softball Player", "Events": "Member of the Softball Team (2000 - 2000)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Denman, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE2436", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/denman-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Swimmer", "Events": "Swimming - 100m Breaststroke, 4 x 100m Medley Relay (1998 - 1998) \nSwimming - Member of the 4 x 100m Medley relay team (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Greville, Julia", "Entry ID": "AWE2447", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greville-julia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Swimmer", "Events": "Swimming - 4 x 200m freestyle relay (1996 - 1996) \nSwimming - 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay (1998 - 1998)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "de Lacy, Evelyn", "Entry ID": "AWE2519", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/de-lacy-evelyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Swimmer", "Events": "Swimming - 110y Freestyle (1938 - 1938)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Inverarity, Alison Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE2602", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inverarity-alison-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Events": "Athletics - High Jump (1994 - 1994)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Slater, Allana Amy", "Entry ID": "AWE2626", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/slater-allana-amy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mount Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Gymnast", "Events": "Gymnastics - Vault, Team All Around (2002 - 2002) \nGymnastics (Artistic) - Team All Round (1998 - 1998)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Howe, Kym Michelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2648", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/howe-kym-michelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Events": "Athletics - Pole Vault (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davidson, Eileen", "Entry ID": "AWE2714", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davidson-eileen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Wemberley, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker", "Summary": "Catholic social worker Eileen Davidson worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration's child search operation, and for the International Refugee Organisation, after the Second World War. She raised \u20a470,000 for the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.\n", "Details": "Born in Perth to Robert Alexander and Mary Ellen (n\u00e9e McBreen) Davidson, Mary Eileen Davidson was the eldest of six children. She completed a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Western Australia in 1931, before winning a scholarship to study Social Work at the Catholic University of American in Washington. She graduated in 1935 with a Master of Arts and Diploma in Social Services, and took on work at a children's aid society in Baltimore and at the New York Foundling Hospital. In 1936 she travelled to England, where she completed an almoner's certificate and worked at St Thomas' Hospital, London.\nBack home in 1937, Davidson set up a Department of Social Work at Lewisham Hospital. One of Australia's first qualified social workers, she guided the development of the profession in this country and helped to establish the Catholic Trained Social Workers Association in Sydney in 1940. She later taught at St Vincent's and Royal Prince Alfred Hospitals in Sydney, and was the inaugural secretary of the NSW Association for Mental Health.\nIn 1945 Davidson was recruited to join the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration's child search operation, helping children of Eastern occupied territories who were displaced, orphaned or had survived concentration camps, to find their families. On her return to Australia she raised \u20a470,000 for the United Nations International Children's Fund with public speeches about postwar European children. She later worked for the World Health Organisation in Germany and Thailand.\nDavidson was awarded a Papal Cross in 1992, and became a Member in the Order of Australia (AM) in 2001. Never married, she outlived her five siblings and died at the age of 97 in Perth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chronological-history-of-the-medical-benevolent-association-of-n-s-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-voice-for-lost-children-of-war-eileen-davidson-1909-2007\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-professionalisation-of-australian-catholic-social-welfare-1920-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seven-social-workers-from-asia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pereira, Jackie", "Entry ID": "AWE2738", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pereira-jackie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player, Olympian", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (1988 - 1988) \nMember of the Hockeyroos (1992 - 1992) \nMember of the Hockeyroos (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chase, Muriel Jean Eliot", "Entry ID": "AWE2754", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chase-muriel-jean-eliot\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Photographer", "Summary": "Muriel Chase ( nee Cooper) was well known for her community work, philanthropy, journalism and photography. A foundation member of the Karrakatta Club and the Women Writer's Club, she was social editress of the West Australian from 1903.\n", "Details": "Muriel Jean Eliot Cooper, later Chase, was born on 2 July 1880 in Geraldton, Western Australia. She was the eldest of four children born to John Henry Cooper and Priscilla Richenda (n\u00e9e Eliot). Cooper was educated at Amy Best's school.\nOn 5 July 1900, at the age of 20, she married Ernest Edward Chase, who was 15 years her senior. The couple moved to England where Ernest was to work as secretary to Sir Charles Rose, a conservative Member of Parliament. The couple did not stay long, returning to Australia only a year later due to Ernest's ill health. They had two daughters.\nIt is unclear when Cooper developed an interest in photography, or where she trained, but she is known to have worked at a photography studio called the Hay Street Studio in Perth during 1900s. She photographed notable community leaders, and some of these photographs were published in newspapers. Western Mail published six of her photographs of West Australian Members of the Federal Senate.\nCooper was a foundation member of Karrakatta Club and the Women Writers Club, and through her work at the Western Mail newspaper Cooper helped raise funds to establish the Silver Chain District Nursing Association in 1904.\nCooper was the social editor of The West Australian newspaper from 1903, and also wrote for the Western Mail using the pseudonym Adrienne. She also wrote a column entitled Children's Corner under the name of 'Aunt Mary'.\nMuriel Jean Cooper died of heart failure on 13 February in 1936, aged 56.\nCollections\nState Library of Western Australia\nContent added for the In Her Gift and The Women's Pages research projects, last modified 5 September 2012\nIn addition to writing for the West Australian, Chase wrote for the Western Mail under the pseudonym of Adrienne, and campaigned for more social welfare services throughout the Western Australian community. She wrote for the paper's Children's Corner as 'Aunt Mary', and recruited her younger readers as 'silver links in a chain of service'. In this way she helped to establish the Silver Chain District Nursing Association, raising enough money by 1904 to fund a district nurse who visited her patients by bicycle. The work of the district nurse raised awareness in the community of the need for hospitals and homes, both for infants and the elderly. Occasionally, Chase herself would relieve the district nurse on night duty.\n", "Events": "Active as professional photographer (1900 - ) \nCareer in journalism active (1900 - 1910)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mechanical-eye-in-australia-photography-1841-1900\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-six-west-australian-members-of-the-federal-senate\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weddings-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-coopers-studio\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elinor-elizabeth-clifton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chase-muriel-jean-eliot-1880-1936\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blackburn, Estelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2761", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackburn-estelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Winner in 2001 of the Walkley Award for Most Outstanding Contribution to Journalism, Estelle Blackburn spent six years researching and investigating the cases of two men convicted of killing women in Perth in the 1960s. As a result of the fresh evidence she gained and her book on the case Broken Lives the State Attorney-General agreed to reopen the two separate cases of the convicted killers.\n", "Details": "Estelle Blackburn spent six years (and the proceeds of the sale of her house) researching and investigating the cases of Darryl Beamish and John Button, convicted killers who always maintained their innocence, and who exhausted every avenue available to them in their quest to prove it. A chance meeting with John Button's brother in 1992 determined Blackburn's course for the next ten years. Her research and investigation uncovered serious police blunders which led to the reopening of their cases and, eventually, in 2005, the quashing of their convictions.\nInitially an unsuccessful applicant for a cadetship with West Australian Newspapers Blackburn was offered a position with the company as a clerk in the newspaper library . She worked there for three months in 1968 before enrolling at the University of Western Australia as a full-time student with the help of a scholarship. She succeeded in entering the journalism cadetship program in 1969 and, while working for the paper, completed a Bachelor of Arts Degree part time, with a double major in Psychology and Anthropology. She continued working with West Australian Newspapers, progressing from general news and minor features to coverage of the proceedings of the Western Australian State Parliament. In 1974 she travelled to Europe and did a little freelance work although she mainly supported herself by teaching English and secretarial work.\nIn 1980 she returned to Perth and joined the ABC as a radio and television reporter. In 1985 she was invited to apply for a position in the Media Office of the Western Australian Government. She began work as the media advisor to the Minister for Police and Local Government, and worked for other ministries along the way. In 1990 she became Junior Media Advisor in the office of the Premier of Western Australia, Carmen Lawrence. After the defeat of the Lawrence government in 1993, Blackburn received continuing casual employment in government media relations, but at this point, her mind was focused on the case that would eventually become her book Broken Lives.\n", "Events": "For service to the community through investigative journalism in Western Australia (2002 - 2002) \nGreatest contribution to journalism (1999 - 1999) \nMost outstanding contribution (2001 - 2001) \nResearching research Innocence Projects and other organisations helping the wrongfully convicted in USA\/Canada and the UK. (2007 - 2007) \nSustained excellence in journalism (1999 - 1999) \nWiiner for Broken Lives (2001 - 2001) \nWinner of the Historical & Critical Studies for Broken Lives (1999 - 1999)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-end-of-innocence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Horin, Adele", "Entry ID": "AWE2877", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horin-adele\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Adele Horin was an opinion writer and journalist at the Sydney broadsheet paper, The Sydney Morning Herald. She had a Saturday column on the paper's \"comment\" page. Horin's writings usually dealt with social issues.\n", "Events": "Best Feature, either in a Newspaper or Magazine, The National Times, Sydney (1981 - 1981)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adele-marilyn-horin-1951-2015\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Giles, Boronia Lucy (Bonnie)", "Entry ID": "AWE2908", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/giles-boronia-lucy-bonnie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collie, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Maylands, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Bonnie Giles studied journalism in Western Australia in the 1920s but struggled to balance study, work and family and failed to complete her diploma. This did not, however, stop her from establishing an enduring career. She wrote under a variety of pseudonyms for the Perth Daily Mail the best known of which - 'Mary Ferber' - became a household name. For twenty years her column, which was essentially a 'Dorothy Dix' column, was a 'Monday must for her admirers'. Giles also used her column and considerable community standing to advance philanthropic causes that were close to her heart. She retired from journalism in 1969.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1930 - 1969)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/giles-boronia-lucy-bonnie-1919-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hackett, Deborah Vernon", "Entry ID": "AWE3695", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hackett-deborah-vernon\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Guildford, Western Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Entrepreneur", "Summary": "Deborah Hackett was the wife of Sir John Hackett, and, after his death, she married Sir Frank Moulden. It was Lady Hackett-Moulden who called a meeting in May 1920 to oversee the reestablishment of the South Australian Council of Women. She was also State Commissioner of the Girl Guides Association.\nIn 1923, Lady Moulden (as she became after her second husband was knighted) joined F.W. Young to form a syndicate to mine tantalite at Wodgina. She became Chairman of Directors of Tantalite Ltd in 1931. She also held interests in wolfram and beryl mines in the Northern Territory, and a partnership in the Minilya Pastoral Company. The University of Western Australia conferred an honorary LLD on Lady Moulden in 1932. In 1936 she married Justice Basil Buller Murphy.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hackett-deborah-vernon-1887-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-attempt-to-eat-the-moon-and-other-stories-recounted-from-the-aborigines\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-household-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hackett-patricia-1918-1963\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moffit, Constance Pauline", "Entry ID": "AWE3956", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moffit-constance-pauline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Boulder, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker", "Summary": "With her friend and colleague Norma Parker, Constance Moffit was largely responsible for convincing the Catholic Church in Australia to establish the Catholic Social Service Bureau. The Melbourne branch of the CSSB opened in 1936, Sydney in 1941, and Adelaide in 1942.\n", "Details": "Constance (or Connie) Moffit was the eldest of five children. Her grandparents, William and Margaret Moffit, migrated from Liverpool to Victoria, Australia, in 1867. William, or Brother Moffit, a blacksmith by trade, was a devout member of the Church of Christ and spent much of his time evangelising. His youngest child - Gilbert Tickle Moffit, born at Mt Gambier in 1875 - was Connie Moffit's father. Her mother, Sarah Emmeline Connolly, was Catholic and hailed from Tasmania. Gilbert and Sarah were married in 1905 and moved to Western Australia where Gilbert found work as an accountant and where Connie was born at the Oroya Brownhill Mine, Boulder.\nConnie Moffit was educated at the Loreto Convent, Osborne. She was the only student from the school to sit for the University Public Examinations in 1923, and went on to study at the University of Western Australia, graduating in the late 1920s. With Norma Parker, she received a scholarship to study social work at the National Catholic School of Social Service (NCSSS) in Washington, and went on to complete work placements at the Humane Society in Cleveland, Ohio, and the Los Angeles Catholic Welfare Bureau.\nParker and Moffit returned to Western Australia in 1931 to fairly bleak employment prospects. These were the depression years. Both women moved to Victoria, where Parker began work at St Vincent's Hospital as an almoner, and Moffit was appointed social worker with the Victorian Vocational and Child Guidance Centre. The centre closed two years later, but Moffit was elected to the board of the Victorian Institute of Hospital Almoners in 1934. Both she and Parker were members of the Catholic Women's Social Guild. In August 1935, finding that too many welfare groups were working in isolation, they called a meeting of nearly 150 charity and ancillary workers in an attempt to encourage collaboration.\nMoffit's greatest legacy - with Parker - was the formation of the Catholic Social Service Bureau (CSSB) in Melbourne in 1936, and the implementation of changes to Victorian Catholic children's institutions over subsequent decades. Both women fought staunch resistance from existing Catholic welfare providers, including the Sisters of Charity in Melbourne, who felt threatened by the notion of professional (lay) social workers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-professionalisation-of-australian-catholic-social-welfare-1920-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fatin, Wendy Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE4110", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fatin-wendy-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Harvey, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Wendy Fatin was elected to the House of Representatives in the Australian Parliament as the Member for Canning, Western Australia at the federal election, which was held in 1983. She was the first woman from Western Australia to be elected to the House of Representatives. At the 1984 election, following an electoral redistribution, she won the new seat of Brand, which she held until her retirement in 1996. Her Ministerial appointments included Local Government from 1990-1991 and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women. A complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Details": "Wendy Fatin qualified as a nurse in 1962 and subsequently gained a Bachelor of Applied Science (Nursing) at the Western Australian Institute of Technology. A feminist, she was one of the founders of the Women's Electoral Lobby in Western Australia in the early 1970s and in 1989 was a member of the core founding group of the National Foundation for Australian Women with Marie Coleman, Helen L'Orange and Ann Symonds. She served as an Advisor to the Minister for Repatriation and Compensation and Minister for Social Security from 1974-1975.\nShe is an honorary life member of the Australian Reproductive Health Alliance.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nursing-and-the-politics-of-health-care\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fatin-wendy-frances-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fatin-the-hon-wendy-frances\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-wendy-fatin-first-wa-woman-to-be-elected-to-the-house-of-representatives-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-wendy-fatin-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hon-wendy-fatin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moylan, Judith Eleanor", "Entry ID": "AWE4119", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moylan-judith-eleanor\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Guildford, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Parliamentarian, Real estate agent", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Judi Moylan was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament in 1993 as the Member for Pearce, Western Australia. She was re-elected in 1996, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010. During the early period of the Howard Government, she held the Ministerial portfolios of Family Services from 1996-1997 and Status of Women from 1997-1998. She has been a strong advocate for the Human Rights of asylum seekers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gerick, Jane Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE4131", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gerick-jane-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Meekatharra, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Jane Gerick was elected to the House of Representatives of the Parliament of Australia as the Member for Canning, Western Australia in 1998. She remained in Parliament for one term only, as she was defeated at the 2001 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marino, Nola Bethwyn", "Entry ID": "AWE4149", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marino-nola-bethwyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brunswick Junction, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Community advocate, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Nola Marino was a regional winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1996, for the South West district in Western Australia.\nA member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Nola was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Forrest, Western Australia in 2007. She was re-elected in 2010.\n", "Details": "Nola was born and brought up in Brunswick Junction, a small country town in the south west of Western Australia, the youngest in a family of three sisters and one brother. She was educated in Brunswick, Harvey and Bunbury.\nAfter leaving school she worked in a public accountancy firm. On the day she was married, she and her new husband, Charlie, bought their first dairy and beef property in Harvey. Nola has taken an active, physical role in developing and growing their family business. Her son Kim and daughter-in-law Deanna work in the business while her. Daughter, Kylie, lives and works in the region.\nNola has been actively involve in her community for most of her life. She was President of the local football club for ten years. She was awarded Life Memberships to the Peel Football League and the Harvey Football Club - the first woman to be so honoured - and is the Secretary of the Harvey Town Hall Preservation Committee.\nNola has worked on numerous agricultural and regional bodies and groups, was an inaugural member of the Murdoch University Veterinary Trust Board and a Director and Vice-Chair of Dairy Western Australia.\nNola received a Certificate for Outstanding Service to the Community in 1997 from the Harvey Shire Council and a Premier's Australia Day Active Citizenship Award (WA) in 2004.\n", "Events": "Nominated for ABC Rural Woman of the Year in W.A. (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nola-marino-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1996-abc-rural-women-of-the-year-regional-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parke, Melissa", "Entry ID": "AWE4151", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parke-melissa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Melissa Parke was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Fremantle, Western Australia, in 2007. She unsuccessfully contested the state seat of Mitchell at the 1996 election. Before entering the federal parliament she served as a lawyer with the United Nations from 1999 until 2007. She was re-elected in 2010 and 2013 but retired prior to the 2016 general elections.\nA complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parke-the-hon-melissa\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coleman, Ruth Nancy", "Entry ID": "AWE4154", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coleman-ruth-nancy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collie, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Bassendean Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Media executive, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Ruth Coleman was elected as a Senator for Western Australia in the Senate of the Parliament of Australia, in 1974. She was one of only five women in the federal parliament at that time. On her retirement in 1987, there was some improvement in the numbers of women in the parliament; seventeen in the Senate and eight in the House of Representatives. A member of the Left wing of the Labor Party and a feminist, Ruth Coleman actively campaigned against uranium mining and fought to improve the position of women in Australian society.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-ruth-coleman-former-senator-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/people-for-nuclear-disarmament-wa-records-1981-2004-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/people-for-nuclear-disarmament-collection-of-ephemera-material\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Vallentine, Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE4165", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vallentine-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Jo Vallentine was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Western Australia representing the Nuclear Disarmament Party in 1985. On her resignation form the Nuclear Disarmament Party, she remained in the Parliament as an Independent, until she joined the Western Australian Greens in July 1990. She resigned from Parliament in 1992.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/quakers-in-politics-pragmatism-or-principle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-senator-jo-vallentine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jo-vallentine-schoolteacher-activist-and-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jo-vallentine-papers-1982-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-information-relating-to-the-office-of-jo-vallentine-the-western-australian-senator-for-nuclear-disarmament-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jo-vallentine-sound-recording-interviewed-by-leonie-stella\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jo-vallentine-sound-recording-interviewed-by-leckie-hopkins\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fisher, Mary Jo", "Entry ID": "AWE4203", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fisher-mary-jo\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beverley, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Manager, Parliamentarian, Policy adviser", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal party of Australia, Mary Fisher was chosen by the Parliament of South Australia on 6 June 2007 to represent the state in the Senate of the Parliament of Australia on the resignation of Senator Amanda Vanstone. She was elected in 2010 for a six year term.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cash, Michaelia Clare", "Entry ID": "AWE4206", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cash-michaelia-clare\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia since 1988, Michaelia Cash was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Western Australia at the federal election held on 24 November 2007.\nCash was re-elected in 2013 and appointed a Minister in the new Liberal National Party government led by Tony Abbott. She holds the positions of Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Women and Assistant Minister for Immigration and Border Protection.\nA solicitor by profession, prior to her election to the Senate Cash worked at the law firm Freehills between 1999 and 2008. Her father, George Cash, served as a Liberal MP and MLC in the Western Australian state government for many years.\n", "Events": "Elected to Federal Parliament (2007 - 2007) \nRe-elected to Federal Parliament (2013 - 2013) \nAppointed Minister assisting the Prime Minister for Women (2013 - 2013)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scott, Christine Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4259", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-christine-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broome, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Christine Scott was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the Member for Charters Towers in 2001. She served for one term only suffering defeat at the 2004 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parkinson, Tessa", "Entry ID": "AWE4395", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parkinson-tessa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Sailor", "Summary": "Tessa Parkinson began sailing at the age of eight with her younger brother in mirror dinghies at the Fremantle Sailing Club in Western Australia. Her love of the sport eventually saw her gain entry to the Australian Institute of Sport(AIS) in 2005.\nIn 2004 she began what would become a successful partnership and started racing with fellow AIS athlete Elise Rechichi. Their first big victory was in the 420 event at the 2004 Youth Sailing ISAF World Championship. Shortly afterwards they switched to the 470 class \u2014 a move which eventually led to their splendid gold medal win at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.\n", "Events": "Sailing - 470 class, Two Person Dinghy (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-institute-of-sport-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rechichi, Elise", "Entry ID": "AWE4396", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rechichi-elise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Sailor", "Summary": "Elise Rechichi combined with Tessa Parkinson to win a sailing gold medal at the Beijing Summer Olympic Games.\n", "Events": "Sailing - 470 class, Two Person Dinghy (2008 - 2008)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-institute-of-sport-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scutt, Jocelynne Annette", "Entry ID": "AWE4429", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scutt-jocelynne-annette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Activist, Barrister, Lawyer, Writer", "Summary": "Jocelynne Scutt has worked consistently in her capacity as lawyer, activist and writer to improve the lives of women generally and by changing the laws on rape and domestic violence. She founded the feminist publisher, Artemis and was a member of the Women's Electoral Lobby in both Canberra and Sydney.\nA graduate in law from the University of Western Australia in 1969, Scutt undertook postgraduate studies in law at the University of Sydney, Southern Methodist University and the University of Michigan in the United States, and Cambridge University in England. She has worked with the Australian Institute of Criminology and as director of research with the Legal and Constitutional Committee of the parliament of Victoria. From 1981-82 she worked at the Sydney Bar and then was Deputy Chairperson of the Law Reform Commission, Victoria. In 1986 she returned to private practice in Melbourne. She served as the first Anti-Discrimination Commissioner of Tasmania from 1999-2004. In 2007 she accepted a judicial post on the Fiji High Court.\nScutt is a member of the UN Committee Against Trafficking, a International Alliance of Women (IAW) representative on International Criminal Court Coalition (ICC Coalition) and a board member of the Women's History Network in the United Kingdom. She was called to the English Bar in 2014.\nJocelynne Scutt was interviewed by Nikki Henningham for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of Australia CATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "An essay detailing Jocelynne Scutt's career is in development.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-through-women-work-and-careers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/as-a-woman-writing-womens-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/glorious-age-growing-older-gloriously\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/different-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rape-law-reform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-voices-womens-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-generously-women-mentoring-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jocelynne-scutt-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jocelynne-scutt-1982-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jocelynne-scutt-lawyer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Guthrie, Gail", "Entry ID": "AWE4452", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guthrie-gail\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Farmer", "Summary": "Gail Guthrie is a Western Australian wool farmer. When the wool price collapsed in the 1980s-90s she and her husband decided to add value to the wool they produced by trying to develop a wool that did not itch from their own Merino fleeces.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gail-guthrie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gail-guthrie-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Male, Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE4473", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/male-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer", "Summary": "Dorothy Male was a nominee for the ABC Rural Woman of the year Award in 1994. She and her husband run Newdale Farm at Redmond near Albany, Western Australia.\n", "Details": "Dorothy Male is one of nine children . Five girls all left school and worked at home on the dairy farm before they got married, while the four boys worked on the farm. The family moved from Serpentine near Perth, Western Australia to the south west in 1978.\nShe was always interested in fairwork and learned what she knows informally through her father who encouraged her interest. She learns until she gets the practice and then fills in the practice with theory she picks up through reading.\nIn the 1980s and 90s they tried to make the farm sustainable by getting away from chemicals . Locals were somewhat suspicious - as Dorothy note, ' if you say the word 'organic' people think you've, you know, gone a bit funny' But they decided it was something they needed to do and so persisted with trying to apply the principles to a large farm and make it pay.\nDorothy's family developed the only computerised dairy system of its kind in Australia. When they are outside feeding stalls, the cows wear a transponder collar around their neck that communicates with a computer. When they walk through the gates they get scanned and their output is matched against their number. They get fed according to what their account says they should be fed in the computerised stalls. When they eat the amount gets recorded when they come back to the shed or feed stall for some reason. The data is then analysed and a printout on milk production and results can be obtained.\n", "Events": "Nominated for ABC Rural Woman of the Year in W.A. (1994 - 1994)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dorothy-male-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Amanda", "Entry ID": "AWE4748", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-amanda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Middle Swan, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photo Journalist, Political activist, Printmaker, social activist", "Summary": "Amanda brown was born in Middle Swan in 1956, and brought up in a European Jewish and Irish Heritage. She studied Photomedia Design at the Central Institute of Technology in Perth, Western Australia.\n", "Details": "Over the years, Amanda has observed and documented in images the Australian and international social, political and industrial landscape. Her photojournalism has been informed by a commitment to advocacy for social justice for indigenous and working people, both here and in the United States.\nIn 1988, Amanda travelled from Perth with indigenous Australians and documented their journey in the Anti- Bicentennial march in Sydney. This march highlighted issues such as deaths in custody and the effects of colonisation on the indigenous Australian population.\nIn 1998, she documented the waterfront dispute by wharfies striking against Patrick's Stevedores at Fremantle\nwharf, Western Australia.\nIn 2000, travelled to America and spent time with Native Americans in remote areas photographing the people and the landscape. This is an ongoing project that has also included documentation of journeys through American small towns of Greyhound buses. In 2000 she instigated a town bus service for the city of Gallup, New Mexico.\nHer advocacy has included work on behalf of incarcerated Native Americans, writing letters of support for parole and prison visits. She has spent time at the communities of Kaltukatjara (Docker River) in the Northern Territory in 2008 and Pukatja (Ernabella) in South Australia in 2010 as a community worker. These opportunities have enabled a personal insight and knowledge into indigenous remote Australian culture.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1980 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100-days-of-active-resistance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photos-including-wild-it-was-beautiful-solo-skyetching\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bienala-intercontinentala-de-grafica-mica\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-site-industrial-breadbox-gallery-artrage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/picture-this\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ten-years-invisibility\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tory, Ethel Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4787", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tory-ethel-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia", "Death Place": "Batemans Bay, New South Wales", "Occupations": "Academic, Teacher", "Summary": "Ethel Tory was a teacher of French and Latin and an advocate for drama and language studies, particularly French. She taught French and Latin in Western Australian schools and at the University of Western Australia before undertaking further study in French literature in Paris. She was appointed a lecturer in French at the Australian National University in 1961 and promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1965. In 1970, she published an edition of Giraudoux's play Intermezzo for use in schools and universities. She retired in 1977 but continued to teach French and to support drama studies at the Australian National University through donations and a bequest on her death in 2003.\n", "Details": "Ethel Tory was born on 27 July 1912 in Subiaco, Western Australia. Her parents were Frank Bertram Tory, a legal manager and estate agent, originally from Blandford, Dorset and Ethel Marion Victoria Johnson, born in Guildford, Western Australia. The daughter Ethel was known as 'Two-ee' to distinguish her from her mother.\nEthel attended the St Mary's Church of England Girls' School in West Perth and completed her Leaving Certificate in 1930. She enrolled in a Bachelor of Arts at University of Western Australia in 1933, after spending two years living with family in Dorset and in Grand Luce, Sarthe in France. She graduated with 1st class honours in French in 1936 and added Honours in Latin in 1938. She then enrolled in a Diploma of Education at the University of Western Australia which was awarded in 1940. During the war, she taught in Western Australian private schools and was also employed by the Censor's Office in the Department of Information to scan mail written in French or Latin. In 1941 she won the Hackett Research Scholarship from the University of Western Australia which allowed her to conduct research into French literature.\nIn 1946 she was appointed a tutor in French at the University of Western Australia and then in 1947 as a lecturer in Latin. In October 1947 she attended the University of Paris (La Sorbonne) on a French government scholarship and was awarded a Dipl\u00f4me de litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise contemporaine (mention honorable) in 1948. She remained in France teaching, translating and undertaking research which resulted in the award of Docteur de l'universit\u00e9 (mention tr\u00e8s honorable) in 1961 from the University of Paris. Her doctoral thesis was entitled 'Giraudoux et l'ideal'.\nIn 16 February 1961, Ethel took up an appointment as Lecturer in French, School of General Studies, Australian National University (ANU), joining the Department of Modern Languages under Professor Derek Scales. 1961 was the first year in which the ANU had undergraduate enrolments as undergraduate students had previously been enrolled in the Canberra University College. She was promoted in 1965 to Senior Lecturer in French and was acting head of the department in 1969 and again in 1974-1975 when it was the Department of Romance Languages.\nApart from her university teaching, she was passionate about the theatre and a long-term supporter of Alliance Fran\u00e7aise in Canberra. She published an edition of Giraudoux's play Intermezzo in 1970 for use by secondary and university students. She retired in 1977 and moved to Malua Bay on the South Coast where she continued to teach for the Eurobodalla branch of Alliance Fran\u00e7aise.\nEthel Tory was appointed a Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Acad\u00e9miques by the French government in 1992 for services to French culture. In 1995 the Ethel Tory Drama Endowment was established by the Australian National University from donations she made. She made a large bequest to the University on her death in 2003 to support academics and students in drama and languages. The Ethel Tory Languages Scholarship assists a number of students each year to study languages overseas.\nIn 2011, a state-of-the-art languages centre was opened in the Baldessin Building at the Australian National University and named the Ethel Tory Centre in her honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethel-tory-profile\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethel-tory-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anu-calendar-master-set\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-1977\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Peirl, Amy Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE4792", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peirl-amy-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Boulder, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "China Painter, Potter, Teacher", "Details": "Born in Boulder in 1899, Amy Ruth Harvey was one of six children of gold worker Philip Harvey and his wife Alice, a dressmaker. She was educated in Boulder and at the scholarship school of Eastern Goldfields High until 1915, and then Perth Modern School.\nAmy trained as a teacher at the Claremont Teachers College and was sent to teach in the country near Toodyay and then to Maylands Primary School. Here she met Flora Landells and became a student at her Maylands School of Art. In 1929 Amy transferred to the Correspondence school and became involved in educational radio broadcasting.\nIn 1937 when she married Harold Peirl she was obliged to resign, as married women were not permitted in the Education department service. She was thus able to give more time to her art and she became a china painter of some note. Amy painted in two styles, the naturalistic and the geometric.\nIn 1947 together with Ira Forbes -Smith (painter and fabric designer) and Bessie Saunders (painter) Amy held a major exhibition at Perth's Newspaper House Art Gallery.\nShe returned to teaching in 1951, when there was a shortage of teachers and taught at Girdelstone and Applecross High Schools. She retired in 1963 and died in Perth in 1990.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-wildflower-image-the-painted-china-of-amy-harvey-an-exhibition-the-alexander-library-building-september-2-to-october-8-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Musk, Jean Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4798", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/musk-jean-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Details": "Jean was born in Kalgoorlie to Mary Elizabeth Scott (nee Downey) and Thomas Cleghorn Scott. Her father moved to Kalgoorlie as a 21 year-old in 1896 to work on the water supply prior to the construction of the Eastern Goldfields pipeline. He worked on the condensers, which distilled water from the salt lakes outside Kalgoorlie and delivered it door-to door to the townspeople. When scheme water arrived he became a meter-reader.\nHer siblings were Tom, Frank and Bill. There were two other siblings, one a girl who died as a toddler and the other a boy who died at a few months, both of typhoid in an epidemic in 1906, leaving Jean as the only daughter.\nShe attended primary school and secondary school in Kalgoorlie. When she was in her 4th year at high school her mother became ill with gall bladder disease and Jean (as the only daughter) was required to stay at home as housekeeper, thereby missing several months of schooling and impressing on her a sense of indignation at having been selected out of the family to forego education because she was female. Despite this she continued to the end of her 5th year and achieved a conceded matriculation enabling her to enrol at the Claremont Teacher's College in Perth for two year's training as a primary school teacher.\nOn graduation from teachers' college she was posted to a one-teacher school at Wishbone in the wheat belt of Western Australia. Her next posting was to the Fairbridge Farm School and then back in Kalgoorlie at the North Kalgoorlie Primary School where she taught the middle grades, until she married Arthur Thomas Musk on 5 October 1940 and was required to resign to comply with Education Department policy on the employment of married women. Although she did subsequently return to teaching for many years it was only ever as temporary staff\/casual employment. As a result of the employment policies of the time married women could not be employed as permanent staff and every year there was great angst in the family until a job became available for her.\nJean had three children, Francis Alfred in 1942 and twins Arthur and Alexander in 1943. The family moved to Perth at Easter 1945 for more secure employment for Arthur.\nThere was a great shortage of teachers in the post-war period and Jean was invited to return to teaching in mid-1947. Jean continued to teach, wherever a teacher was needed.\nJean also took on the teaching of English as a second language to post-war migrants ('New Australians'). Initially she did this in the evenings at the Queens Park School but the environment was inhospitable and she persuaded the Education Department to allow her to conduct the classes at her home. Many lasting friendships resulted including all the family members.\nJean retired from teaching in 1967 aged 60. Her background in Kalgoorlie and her personal qualities equipped her to make an important contribution to Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-regarding-jean-mary-musk\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Lorna May", "Entry ID": "AWE4802", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-lorna-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kunanalling, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Politician, Red Cross Worker, Teacher", "Details": "Lorna Bell was born in Kunanalling and went to school in Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie. She married Rex Mitchell in 1934 and they had one daughter, Jan. Rex died in 1985, aged 83.\nDuring the Second World war she joined the Red Cross where she became known as 'Mrs Bottletops' as she collected aluminium tops from bottles for recycling as part of the war effort. She met the Australian Troop trains full of soldiers going to or returning from the war, providing soup and other special meals. She ran the Parakeet Dance Hall to raise funds for 'the boys' and later met the trains carrying war brides on to Melbourne and Sydney and on to the US to provide a last touch of home in Kalgoorlie for the women. Lorna said that after a chance to change clothes and freshen up, '\u2026 many was the girl who cried on my shoulder before getting back on that train'. She also helped run the Blood Bank and assisted in the rehabilitation of the returned soldiers. After the war Lorna became involved in the Fresh Air League, a charitable organisation that gave underprivileged goldfields children the opportunity to enjoy a 'fresh air' holiday by the sea.\nFrom 1946 Lorna devoted much of her time as a voluntary aide assisting deaf children with their education. In August 1947 she became an assistant teacher - special education with the then superintendent recognising her incredible perception and ability to teach deaf children and others deemed 'unteachable' because of their disabilities. In 1951 as principal she opened her school dedicated to the teaching of these children. It became the greatest achievement of her life for 33 years, and in 1985 the school was named after her. For her work she received the British Empire Medal and as a further honour in 1998 for her continued work with people with disabilities the Active Foundation made her an Honorary Life Member and Life Governor.\nIn 1969 she was elected the first woman to the Kalgoorlie town council and later became deputy Mayor. In a decade of service to the council and community affairs she raised the status of women and opened the door for many to follow.\nA select list of her other contributions to the community includes helping organisations such as the Citizens Advice Bureau, Women's Health Care Centre, Friends of the Hospital, Police and Aboriginal Community Relations Committee, Goldfields Childcare Centre and Goldfields Aged Welfare along with active roles in social or professional organisations such as Business and Professional Women's Association, Hannans Golf Club, Goldfields Repertory Club, president of the Senior Citizens and president of Prospect Lodge.\nLorna was a Justice of the Peace and Kalgoorlie's best fundraiser, ticket seller and tin rattler for numerous worthy causes. In 1996 she received the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for services to the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-hundred-women-of-the-eastern-goldfields\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lorna-mitchell-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sharp, Lorna", "Entry ID": "AWE4803", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sharp-lorna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Gnowangerup, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Business owner, Office assistant", "Details": "Lorna Sharp was born in Gnowangerup in 1934, the third child of George Samuel Powell and Hansina Johnson.\nFirst World War veteran, George Samuel Powell moved to Jerramungup to live on his father's Boer War service farm. He was murdered in 1930 and the family moved to Albany, where Lorna and her two brothers Leslie and Paddy went to school.\nIn 1948 the family moved to Kalgoorlie, where Lorna's mother worked in hotels. Lorna continued her schooling at St Mary's Catholic School in Kalgoorlie, working in a milk bar at night to put herself through her education.\nShe left school to begin work at 14 as a junior office assistant at the Producers Market on Brookman Street, Kalgoorlie. She enrolled in nursing, but after a year returned to Kalgoorlie to work for HW Davidson, who owned a pickle factory and were distributors for Mills and Ware biscuits.\nLorna Powell left work and married Robert Corbett (Bobby) Sharp on 4 April 1953. They have five children, Robert, Janet, Colleen, Norman and Beverley.\nWhile her children were still at school Lorna returned to the paid workforce and began her career in real estate with agent Pat Engelbrecht. After several years in real estate, she worked for a year at the offices of a drilling company, but she returned to real estate, and became a partner in Wade's Real Estate Agency in 1970. She was the first person in the Goldfields to gain a Real Estate Licence. Lorna completed studies in accountancy and in 1975 became sole proprietor of Wade's Real Estate Agency, which became Kalgoorlie Real Estate.\nLorna remained involved with the real estate agency, now a family business, together with her daughter Colleen, her son-in law Gavin and her son Norman.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goldfields-magazine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lorna-sharp-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Manners, Nancy Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE4809", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manners-nancy-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Trafalgar, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Details": "Nancy Stevens was born on 23 December 1903 to Guiseppa (Jessie) and James (Jim) Stevens. Nancy's parents had travelled separately to Western Australia from Victoria, Jim arriving in 1893. They met at a band concert in Kalgoorlie and were married in the Anglican Church Kalgoorlie. Jim worked as a winder driver and later a tributer and prospector. He was also a member and a regular performer at the Boulder Liedertafel and the Goldfields Operatic Society.\nNancy was the eldest of seven children. Alan, Jessie, Ada, David, Edith and Ted. The family lived on a mining lease in Trafalgar and even when the water scheme came to Kalgoorlie their domestic facilities were rudimentary. Nancy went to school at the Trafalgar and later the Kalgoorlie Central School, where students knitted balaclavas and socks for the Red Cross war effort. Her class was then transferred to the newly-opened Eastern Goldfields High School.\nHer ambition was to become a teacher and she began as a monitor at the Trafalgar School and the Kalgoorlie Central Infants School as an Assistant on Supply. She also furthered her studies and was the first women to study at the School of Mines, where she successfully passed chemistry and geology. She left teaching in 1929 upon marriage.\nShe met businessman Charles Manners, and they married on the 19 September 1929. Both were active in church and community life on the goldfields.\nNancy Manners had two children, Ron and Frances, and although she did not return to teaching she continued to contribute to the education of her children and their friends.\nNancy died in 1980 in Perth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/never-a-dull-moment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Alfirevich, Palma", "Entry ID": "AWE4814", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfirevich-palma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Boulder, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Mandurah, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Boarding house worker, shopkeeper", "Details": "Palma Alfirevich was born in Boulder, the sixth child of Katica Rulyancich.\nKatica Rulyancich had migrated to Kalgoorlie from Yugoslavia with her husband Jacov in 1909 in search of work and a better life. Jakov died of Spanish Influenza virus in 1919, leaving Katica as a single mother with five children.\nAfter the death of her husband, Katica received the Mine Workers' Relief Pension, which was discontinued when she entered a relationship with Palma's father, Dan Nazor, a miner. She had two children with Dan Nazor, Palma and her brother, Joe, but never married again. Dan Nazor lived and worked at the Dusted Miners' Settlement at Southern Cross, and later died of silicosis.\nPalma attended the Boulder Primary School, but her education was disrupted during the 1934 Boulder riots when the family home was burnt down and she had to miss school for some months. She left school at 14 and worked in a boarding house in Boulder, where she met her husband Bob Alfirevich.\nPalma married Bob Alfirevich in 1942, they had two sons. Palma worked with her husband in Kalgoorlie and later in Perth, where they opened a local delicatessen and grocery store.\nPalma retired to Mandurah and died in 2015.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLean, Pantjiti Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4815", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mclean-pantjiti-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kaltukutjarra, Docker River, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Details": "Pantjiti Mary McLean was a Ngaatjatjarra woman from the Western Desert region who grew up leading a traditional life. In the 1950s she left the desert, walking to the Warburton Ranges with her husband and son, and then on to Cosmo Newbury in the Eastern Goldfields. When her son was taken by the government and placed in the Mount Margaret Mission, she followed and worked in the area as a stock woman mustering sheep. During this time a daughter was born and was also taken from her.\nIn c.1970 she moved to the Kalgoorlie Native Reserve, and then c.1980 to the Ninga Mia Community in Kalgoorlie, where she lived as a respected elder until 2008. She then moved into Kunkurangkalpa Aged Care.\nDuring the 1980s Mary produced craftworks and traditional paintings, but a breakthrough came when she participated in the Warta Kutju (Wama Wanti) Street Art Project and met fibre artist Nalda Searles who became her friend and collaborator in 1992. Mary preferred painting and developed a unique figurative style of her own that captured her memories and stories. A sell-out exhibition of her work in Fremantle in 1993 launched her career. Commissions came her way and her work was exhibited around Australia.\nMary won many art awards, including the prestigious Telstra Indigenous Award in 1995. In 2001 she was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Letters by Curtin University. Her work is represented in all major public and many private collections around Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pantjiti-mary-mclean-a-big-story-paintings-and-drawings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tait, Sarah", "Entry ID": "AWE4833", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tait-sarah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Olympian, Rower", "Events": "Rowing - women's pair (2012 - 2012)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dale, Lyn", "Entry ID": "AWE4849", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dale-lyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Historian, Soldier, Writer", "Summary": "Lyn Dale is a writer and documentary film maker with a passionate interest in the telling of the stories of 'ordinary' Australian women. She has written extensively on the lives of women in the military and has used her own family history to write about the experience of female immigration to Australia.\nLyn comes from a military background. Her father and four uncles served in WWII. The eldest of five children of John Murray Kane (former stockman, drover and soldier) and Betty Johnston, Lyn was educated in Perth Western Australia, apart from 2 years at boarding school in the wheatbelt area of WA. Early work as a machine embroiderer fuelled a lifelong interest in embroidery and sewing.\nAfter enlisting in the Australian Army in 1964 and serving for 5 years, Lyn married a Vietnam War Veteran and spent the next decade living in mining towns in Western Australia. When the marriage ended in 1981 Lyn and her 2 daughters moved to Perth, where Lyn later secured an administrative position at Murdoch University. She remained there for 21 years before her retirement in 2009.\nWorking with Perth Film Maker Samantha Bergersen, Lyn has produced two historically significant documentaries. Maggie's Journey, made in 2004 tells the story of Lyn's paternal grandmother, Maggie Kelly (married name Kane). Twenty-five year old Maggie was one of a group of young female domestic servants who, in 1900, emigrated to Western Australia on a \"bride ship\". The story is told through photographs, diary extracts, letters and other ephemera.\nIn 2011 received a grant from the Department of Veterans' Affairs to produce a 90 minute documentary that tells the stories of 16 women who served in the Australian Army from 1951 to the 1990s. Lady Soldiers received high acclaim for its historical significance. In 2012 Lyn began work on a book of the same name, to ensure that material collected for but not used in the documentary would not be lost to future generations.\n", "Events": "12 of the 16 Lady Soldiers featured in the documentary came from all parts of Australia to attend the event. (2012 - 2012) \nThe exhibition displayed the cabin trunk and some of its artifacts, all of which Maggie Kelly Kane had brought with her to Australia in 1900. (2008 - 2008) \nThe quilt features a WRAAC badge superimposed on a map of Australia, the kangaroo and emu from the Australian coat of arms and 4 Federation stars. The reverse of the quilt is made of calico and contains the signatures of many of the 450 ex W.R.A.A.C. and R.A.A.N.C. members who attended the event. (2010 - 2010)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Masters, Isabel A.", "Entry ID": "AWE4866", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/masters-isabel-a\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northam District, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Isabel Masters was born in Western Australia in 1912. She graduated from university in 1934 with Honours in English and taught at Kobeelya Girls' Grammar School in Katanning, Western Australia, Ascham Girls' School in Sydney, New South Wales and Merton Hall (now Melbourne Girls' Grammar School) in Melbourne, Victoria before becoming principal of Canberra Girls' Grammar School in 1947. She retired in 1962, having overseen the doubling in size of what was described as a 'happy' school.\n", "Details": "Isobel Masters was educated at Perth College, where she was a member of the Girl Guides. She was thirty-five when she became headmistress of Canberra Girls' Grammar. She was an experienced English teacher, had been a member of the Shakespeare Club in Western Australia and a boarding house mistress at Merton Hall in Melbourne. Like her predecessor, Una Mitchell, she could turn her hand to other subjects when required. In addition to English, she also taught German and Religious Instruction, among other subjects.\nEnrolments at the school nearly doubled during the fifteen years Masters spent at Canberra Girls' Grammar. This required the physical expansion of the school and Masters oversaw the conversion of ex-Army huts into classrooms and a library as well as encouraging parents, teachers and students to assist in painting classrooms, covering Chapel kneelers and sewing curtains. She was also a keen gardener and probably found relaxation in tending the school roses, which blossomed under her care. During her time at Canberra Girls' Grammar, a wider range of courses, particularly vocational ones including Domestic Science and Dressmaking and in the 1950s some senior classes were combined with the Boys' Grammar School. Her staff were dedicated, although not particularly well-paid, according to one staff member, who recalled that when the basic wage was introduced for women, their pay had to be increased to be level with those of the domestics. Nevertheless neither did she know how she got the job teaching geography, with no teacher training and no geography beyond Junior level. Perhaps it was because she too was a Perth College old girl.\nMasters was poised and well-groomed, as was expected of a woman in her position in that era, but she also seemed to understand the importance of having fun, or perhaps of publicity. She made the most of the celebrations for the school's twenty-first anniversary in May 1948 and subsequently introduced other celebratory days, Founders' Day, Shakespeare Day and the Combined Grammar Christmas Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols. All of these not only provided enjoyment for students but were also an ideal opportunity to promote the school within the wider community, no doubt contributing to the expansion of the student population. Upon her retirement in 1961 she was praised not only for the expansion of the school but also in creating its 'happy atmosphere', in which 'no appeal for assistance has gone unanswered'. Masters died in July 2000, according to records in the Canberra Girls' Grammar School Archives.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-light-in-the-bush-the-canberra-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school-and-the-capital-city-of-australia-1926-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burrawi\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-shakespeare-club-of-western-australia-1930-2000-an-example-of-adult-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maxine-pickering-on-teaching-at-canberra-girls-grammar-school\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Una Hayston", "Entry ID": "AWE4868", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-una-hayston\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Una Mitchell was Headmistress of Canberra Girls' Grammar between 1937 and 1947. She left Canberra to return to her home state to become Headmistress of St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls in Mosman Park in Perth. She retired in 1967 and was appointed Chairman of the Conference of Independent Girls' Schools of Australia. She was an inspiring Science teacher and highly respected principal, who had high educational and moral standards. She dedicated her life to ensuring the girls in her care were prepared for what she saw as a rapidly changing and modernizing world. She taught them to have 'a high regard for personal integrity', to be adaptable as well as to have 'enquiring minds and the spirit of adventure'.\n", "Details": "In 1909, at the age of nine years and eight months, Una Hayston Mitchell published a short story in the Western Mail. It was a cautionary tale of a 'disobedient mouse' whose behaviour cost the lives of his brother and sister. She also wrote engaging letters to 'Aunt Mary' at the same newspaper. She grew up in Murrin Murrin, a small mining settlement just north of Kalgoorlie, Her family had moved there so that Una could attend school. She explained to 'Aunt Mary' that earlier they had been nine miles from the nearest post office and she had been four years old before she saw another child. In 1911 her letters came from the Girls High School in Kalgoorlie. Mitchell was the daughter of mining engineer John Hayston Mitchell, a rather colourful and well-travelled character, whose achievements apparently included the invention of brakes and driving gear for bicycles, or so his patent application stated. Una was the daughter of his fourth marriage, to Florence Raddenberry Olney. The couple had moved to Western Australia from Queenstown following Hayston Mitchell's divorce from his previous wife on the grounds of bigamy. Whether Una Mitchell was aware of the scandal in her parents' past is unclear, but her later rigid respectability combined with determination to ensure the girls in her care were self-sufficient perhaps stemmed from this. She also remained unmarried herself. On a more positive note, she certainly inherited her father's scientific bent.\nEducated at Perth College, Mitchell graduated with a Bachelor of Science from the University of Western Australia. She taught Geography, Geology and Physics for twelve years at Presbyterian Girls' College (now Seymour College) in Adelaide before becoming the Senior Resident Mistress and Physics and Chemistry teacher at St Catherine's in Toorak in Melbourne. Arriving at Canberra Girls Grammar in April 1937, with 'an established reputation as an educationalist', according to the Canberra Times, Mitchell found a school with 107 pupils, 30 of whom were boarders. By the end of the year the roll had increased to 121 pupils, including 34 boarders. In 1943 she oversaw the refurbishment of a disused country schoolhouse, which was moved to the school site and extended to become a new Kindergarten building. Although primarily a Mathematics and Physics specialist, she taught Biology at Canberra Girls' Grammar, as that was the subject that was required. According to a later history of the school, 'the enthusiasm with which she taught this discipline was quickly communicated to her pupils'. She also encouraged her students in a variety of sporting and cultural activities welcoming a visit from Heather Gell, pioneering dance teacher, to the school in 1940.\nThe outbreak of WWII affected even the cocooned existence of Girls' Grammar. There were first aid lessons, air raid drills and blackout practices. A shortage of domestic staff meant that pupils were required to assist in boarding house duties. Mitchell led by example, helping with cooking, peeling potatoes and even ironing boarders' blouses. Once a week, senior students were invited to listen to the news on the wireless in her sitting room so that they were kept informed of overseas events. The girls were encouraged to participate in patriotic events and causes.\nMitchell's educational philosophy developed during these years and she became convinced that 'the tempo of world affairs has quickened so enormously in the last few years that children, now at school [must develop] an alertness of mind and resourcefulness which mere book learning alone can never give'.\nMitchell left Canberra to return to her home state as principal of St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls in Mosman Park. She remained here for twenty years, during which time the school 'experienced a surge of growth and development'. The publication of a book of school memories by the 'Year of 1956' provides a rare glimpse of how students perceived her. First impressions appear to have been formidable. 'She could be terrifying ', wrote one former pupil. 'I generally tried to avoid one on one encounters with Miss Mitchell because it usually meant I was in trouble,' remembered another. She 'had a habit of turning up when you least wanted her to', recalled one girl, yet 'her high standards of behaviour and admirable example [were] irresistible'.\nMitchell knew the names of all 600 pupils and was a versatile and committed teacher. She took over the geography class one year because there was no one else and taught it brilliantly. She was 'well-educated and well-versed in the Christian faith'; the girls never forgot 'morning assemblies under Miss Mitchell's beady and morally splendid eye'. An 'outstanding woman', she genuinely cared for her students, who respected her and occasionally witnessed a softer side. One girl remembered that when she had appendicitis, 'Miss Mitchell drove me in her little Morris across the lawn to Sick Bay where she sat on my bed and talked to me like a friend until the Doctor arrived'.\nInterviewed upon her retirement from St Hilda's Mitchell described her work as 'exacting'. 'There are plenty of headaches, but any worthwhile job has problems,' she said, particularly in jobs dealing with people. Mitchell was committed to her work educating women for a future in which, she said 'more and more women will continue with their jobs or professions after marriage, [with] the obvious problem\u2026 [of] how to reconcile the claims of home and children with the demands of a profession'.\nIn 1953 Una Mitchell was one of just over 11,000 Australians to receive a Coronation Medal. In 1980 the new wing of the boarding house at Canberra Girls' Grammar was named in her honour. At St Hilda's in Western Australia there is also a building named for her and the Una Mitchell Scholarship is awarded to a Year 12 Boarder for, appropriately, 'depth, interests and strength of character'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/class-of-1956-st-hildas-church-of-england-school-for-girls-mosman-park-western-australia-a-collection-of-stories-and-memorabilia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-st-hildas-anglican-school-for-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-hildas-anglican-school-scholarships-information\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tour-of-the-boarding-house\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-una-hayston-mitchell-headmistress-canberra-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school-1937-1947-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scott, Ethel Violet", "Entry ID": "AWE4912", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-ethel-violet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collie, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Augusta, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Policewoman", "Summary": "Ethel Scott was the first female police officer in Australia to attain the rank of Inspector. A prominent figure in policing in Western Australia, she was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for distinguished service in 1970.\n", "Details": "Ethel Violet Scott was born at Collie, Western Australia, 15 August 1911. She was a Registered Nurse at the time of appointment as a Constable in the WA Police in 1939.\nIn 1947 as the number of women police in WA increased it was deemed that they become a separate section and a Sergeant was required to be in charge.\nEthel Scott was promoted to Sergeant 3rd Class and in 1967 as that Section expanded she attained the rank of Inspector 3rd Class, the first such Commission for any female officer in Australia, and in 1971 was promoted to Superintendent. Again this was an Australian first for any female officer. That same year Ethel Scott was awarded the Queens Police Medal, before retirement on August 15, having served her entire career in the Perth Metropolitan area.\nDuring this time she was a prominent figure in policing in Western Australia; one of her duties prior to promotion to Sergeant was teaching first aid to recruits at the Police School, now known as the Police Academy. On 14 January 1983, Ethel Scott died while residing in Augusta in the south west of Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carey, Hilary Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5009", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carey-hilary-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Hilary Mary Carey in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clarke, Helena", "Entry ID": "AWE5017", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-helena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broome, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Darwin, Northern Teritory, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist", "Summary": "Read more about Helena Clarke in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dann, Sandra Gertrude", "Entry ID": "AWE5043", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dann-sandra-gertrude\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broome, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Radio Broadcaster", "Summary": "Read more about Sandra Gertrude Dann in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davis, Judy", "Entry ID": "AWE5047", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davis-judy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor", "Summary": "Read more about Judy Davis in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Erickson, Frederica Lucy (Rica)", "Entry ID": "AWE5072", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/erickson-frederica-lucy-rica\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Boulder, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical artist, Historian, Naturalist, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Frederica (Rica) Erickson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Details": "Rica (Frederica) Erickson was born in Boulder in 1908 to Phoebe Cooke and Chris Sandilands, filter press operator. She was the eldest of eight children.\nShe stated in conversation, 'I could run as fast as any boy, I could jump further than most\u2026I never ever thought there was any difference to start with, and the men respected me for what I was able to do'.\nRica attended Boulder State School. She won a scholarship to the Eastern Goldfields High School and then studied teaching, at Claremont Teachers College, working in various one-teacher schools in the South West where she painted local flora. She married Sydney Erickson in 1936 and had four children Dorothy, John, Bethel and Robin and worked raising a family, returning later to botanical studies in 1946 and writing history. She is the author of some twenty books on history and botany. In 2006 she was listed as one of the 100 most influential people in Western Australia's history and in 2007 won a State Heritage Award. She was publishing into her 99th year. Her paintings hang in Pittsburgh, London and Australia. Throughout her life and career her work was strongly linked to the development of the collections at the J.S. Battye Library of West Australian History.\nRica died in Perth on 8 September 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-rica-erickson-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rica-erickson-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Frances, Raelene", "Entry ID": "AWE5085", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frances-raelene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Raelene Frances in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "For significant service to history studies as a teacher, researcher and author. (2020 - 2020)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harken, Nennie", "Entry ID": "AWE5114", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harken-nennie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Equal pay campaigner, Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Nennie Harken in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hewett, Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE5130", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hewett-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Novelist, Playwright, Poet", "Summary": "Read more about Dorothy Hewett in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-kate-mcnamara-circa-1960-2000-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holmes \u00e0 Court, Janet", "Entry ID": "AWE5134", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holmes-a-court-janet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Company chairman, Philanthropist", "Summary": "Read more about Janet Holmes \u00e0 Court in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jenkinson, Samantha", "Entry ID": "AWE5149", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jenkinson-samantha\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist", "Summary": "Read more about Samantha Jenkinson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Keating, Colma Derlua Monica", "Entry ID": "AWE5160", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/keating-colma-derlua-monica\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Three Springs, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Consultant, Environmentalist, Policy adviser", "Summary": "Read more about Colma Derlua Monica Keating in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kickett, Glenda Joyce", "Entry ID": "AWE5167", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kickett-glenda-joyce\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kellerberrin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker", "Summary": "Read more about Glenda Joyce Kickett in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marshall, May", "Entry ID": "AWE5210", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marshall-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Bicton, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about May Marshall in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mazzella, Kath", "Entry ID": "AWE5215", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mazzella-kath\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's health advocate", "Summary": "Read more about Kath Mazzella in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McBryde, Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE5216", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcbryde-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Archaeologist", "Summary": "Read more about Isabel McBryde in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKenzie, Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE5224", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckenzie-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Health consumer activist", "Summary": "Read more about Anne McKenzie in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Morrison, Della Rae", "Entry ID": "AWE5235", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/morrison-della-rae\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Narrogin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor", "Summary": "Read more about Della Rae Morrison in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Poelina, Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE5270", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poelina-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broome, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social entrepreneur", "Summary": "Read more about Anne Poelina in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rinehart, Gina", "Entry ID": "AWE5282", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rinehart-gina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Mining entrepreneur", "Summary": "Read more about Gina Rinehart in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nGina Rinehart was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 2022 for distinguished service to the mining sector, to the community through philanthropic initiatives, and to sport as a patron.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sandwell, Grecian Edith", "Entry ID": "AWE5295", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sandwell-grecian-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist", "Summary": "Read more about Grecian Edith Sandwell in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stewart, Nancy", "Entry ID": "AWE5317", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stewart-nancy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Clinical psychologist, Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Nancy Stewart in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Taylor, Cheryl", "Entry ID": "AWE5330", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-cheryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wagin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Educator", "Summary": "Read more about Cheryl Taylor in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Truswell, Elizabeth Marchant", "Entry ID": "AWE5340", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/truswell-elizabeth-marchant\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Palynologist", "Summary": "Read more about Elizabeth Marchant Truswell in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Battye, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE5382", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/battye-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Political party organiser, Solicitor, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Margaret Battye was the only child of Nellie May (n\u00e9e Robertson) and Charles Battye, a librarian. She graduated from the University of Western Australia (LL.B., 1931; B.A., 1933) and was admitted to the Bar in 1933. In June of 1933 she reputedly became the first woman to represent a client in a Western Australian court of law, and in so doing, according to the presiding magistrate, 'created legal history' by being the first woman to appear before him as a barrister. She won the case. From 1936 she practised on her own as a barrister and solicitor, and from 1939 worked for the Council for Civil Liberties.\nBattye was active in several Western Australian women's organisations, including the local branch of the Australian Federation of University Women, the Women's Services Guilds, the Perth Business and Professional Women's Club, the Karrakatta and the Soroptimist Clubs. She acted as honorary legal adviser to almost all the women's organisations in Perth during the 1930s and 40s. She was also active in the Liberal Party of Australia's Western Australian division and was given responsibility for the foundation of the State women's committee. She chaired a national committee for the United Nations' commission into the status of women\nShe became ill with Grave's disease and passed away in 1949.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/battye-margaret-1919-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creating-legal-history-miss-margaret-battyes-debut\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nationality-of-women-address-by-margaret-battye\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-battye-remembered\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kienzle, Mena Hallett (Hally)", "Entry ID": "AWE5409", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kienzle-mena-hallett-hally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Port MoresbyPort Moresby, Papua New Guinea", "Summary": "Hally Kienzle was living in Fiji with her German-born husband when war broke out in 1914. Although her husband was a naturalised British subject, he and his family were deported to Australia for internment as enemy aliens. From October 1917 they were interned in the Bourke Concentration Camp before they were transferred to the Molonglo Concentration Camp in May 1918. Hally was released on parole on 29 May 1919 while her husband was imprisoned in Holsworthy Camp until 22 October 1919.\n", "Details": "Fourth generation Australian, Mena Hallett 'Hally' Pearse was the second of ten children, born to Jessie Alice (nee Armstrong) and James Pearse in Fremantle, Western Australia on 3 April 1879. James Pearse was a prominent businessman whose shoe manufacturing business, later known as Pearse and Swan, became a major company in Western Australia. He served as a councillor for Fremantle 1883-1895, for North Fremantle 1895-1917 and as Mayor of North Fremantle from 1898-1901.\nOn 11 September 1915, Hally married German-born Alfred Thomas Karl Kienzle at the Anglican Church, Levuka, Fiji. Alfred's first wife had died soon after childbirth in 1914 leaving him with four young children - baby Wallace born in 1914, Elsa born in 1910, Laura born in 1907 and Herbert 'Bert' Thomson Kienzle born in 1905. During World War Two Bert became known as the 'architect of Kokoda' after establishing the legendary Kokoda Trail, a crucial transport route in Papua New Guinea, enabling the transport of food, munitions and medical supplies to Australian troops.\nAlfred, from Stuttgart, managed German-owned Hedeman & Evers, exporters of copra and sugar, in Levuka. He had been a naturalised British subject since 7 June 1902, but in the growing anti-German sentiment in British colonies, naturalisation neither provided protection nor was considered to guarantee loyalty to Britain. Australia willingly imprisoned people from the Pacific, Asia and Africa considered enemy aliens because of their places of birth, possibly because of concerns about German expansion in the Pacific as much as concerns about loyalty. Suspected of having pronounced German sympathies because of an incident in which he knocked a picture of King George off the wall, by his account accidentally, Alfred was arrested and deported to Australia in May 1916 with the first shipment of enemy aliens, and interned at Trial Bay, New South Wales, the camp for the elite - merchants, naval officers, physicians, priests, university lecturers and German consuls.\nFrom 20 November 1916, Alfred appealed on several grounds to the Governor of Fiji, the Governor-General of Australia, the Minister for Defence, the British Secretary of State for the Colonies in London, and Justice John Musgrave Harvey who was the Official Visitor to Prisoner of War Internment Camps. The appeals included one on the ground of ill health which he attributed to his treatment when initially interned and for which he required surgery. After a Court of Inquiry did not uphold his complaint he requested to be sent to England as a British subject to appeal his case before the Privy Council. Another appeal concerned his deportation from Fiji and the liquidation of his business and sale of his assets, including the family home, in Fiji. None were successful and in October 1917 Hally and the four Kienzle children were also deported from Fiji to Australia, despite the fact that they were all natural-born British subjects. Hally's sister, Daisy Schoeffel who was married to Kienzle's cousin, was deported at the same time with her two children.\nBoth Hally and Daisy believed they were being removed from Fiji for their own protection because of the increasing anti-German sentiment among the European population in Fiji, however on arrival in Sydney they were heavily guarded and were not permitted communication with Australian relatives or friends. They were transported to Bourke Concentration Camp, New South Wales, a camp which included many families. There Hally requested to be interned with her husband, as did Daisy Schoeffel. Alfred Kienzle was transferred to Bourke.\nThe official paperwork for Hally's internment states clearly that she was born in Australia, and that her parents were both British subjects in those days before Australian citizenship existed. The handwritten official internment documents for Hally and the four children record a special observation that 'As a natural born British subject will hold the government of the Commonwealth of Australia responsible and claim full damages for wrongful and illegal detention.' However neither family was ever compensated.\nConditions at Bourke were poor. Hally's sister Daisy recorded in her diary on arrival at Bourke 'once I was able to get some candles from a store nearby and we were able to see the state of the rooms we had to live in, we women just broke down\u2026 Filthy conditions.' They were given sacks of straw for bedding, rusty tin plates and mugs for eating and an old tin wash bucket for cooking. They had to wash their children under a tap in the backyard and cook on a stove made from four bricks and an iron bar. They had not been permitted to take any money with them from Fiji and Bourke meat and bread rations were often fly blown so they relied on fellow prisoners for food. Dysentery was rife and medical care scant.\nAfter a German national, Georg Krafft, formerly German consul in Fiji, died of heatstroke in February 1918 the Swiss Consul, on behalf of Germany, objected to the Australian government about conditions at Bourke. As a result, in May 1918, families imprisoned at Bourke were moved to the Molonglo Concentration Camp at Fyshwick in the Federal Capital Territory (now the Australian Capital Territory). The camp comprised a series of wooden huts radiating out from an administrative centre, on a flat treeless plain. Built for around 3000 enemy aliens Britain planned to deport to Australia from China, the plan was dropped after German objections and threats of repercussions on British internees in Germany.\nConditions were generally better at Molonglo that at Bourke, as was their treatment under the camp leadership of former journalist Brigadier General Spencer Browne. Rations were fresher and more plentiful, but they suffered from the cold Canberra winter in poorly built wooden huts that kept out neither rain nor wind. They also suffered from the noise involved in living in wooden huts at close quarters with one another.\nThe prisoners created gardens, started a drama group and converted one of the huts to a theatre, developed an orchestra, established a school for the children and generally tried to make life as liveable as possible. Brigadier General Spencer Browne permitted occasional shopping trips to Queanbeyan for the prisoners and picnics by the Molonglo River. But still, they were prisoners and looked forward to freedom.\nAlthough the war ended on 11 November 1918 the prisoners were not freed until 22 May 1919 when Hally was released on parole. At this point, Daisy Schoeffel wrote to Western Australian Member of Parliament the Hon. Henry Gregory appealing for his help to her family and her sister Hally's family avoiding deportation to Germany along with other 'enemy aliens'. In the letter to Gregory, Daisy told him: 'what hurt us more than all the insults and hardships we were forced to endure during our 2 years internment, was the fact that we should have to suffer all this at the hands of our own men and in our country!' She said they were made to feel like criminals and brought shame on their family. Hally was ill at the time but she endorsed the letter, saying that her sister had only mentioned a few of their sufferings: 'to describe them all she would have to write a book.' (NAA: CRS 457, Item 406\/1; Fischer 1989).\nIn the letter Daisy also appealed to Gregory for Alfred Kienzle's release. He had been transferred to Holsworthy Concentration Camp, near Liverpool south-west of Sydney, where he was held until October. Most enemy aliens were either forcibly or voluntarily deported to Germany. The Kienzle and Schoeffel families avoided deportation through appeals to the authorities by them and their influential family in Western Australia. The Fiji Legislative Council had passed an ordinance in August 1919 prohibiting former enemy aliens from returning to the island. By October 1919 when Alfred was released, the family was destitute with nowhere to go. They spent time in a Salvation Army facility in central Sydney while Alfred sought work, a challenge because returned soldiers were favoured over enemy aliens, however he was eventually successful.\nBoth during and after interment, Hally suffered from the nervous disorders developed by many internees. On top of the trauma of imprisonment in her own country, she struggled with the four children of her husband's previous marriage, three of whom did not accept her. After release, the three elder children were sent to Germany to complete their education, easing the situation for her, and by the time they returned in 1925 they had matured and her health had improved a little, but she had been affected both mentally and physically by imprisonment.\nIt did not end there. In 1926 when Hally wished to buy a house for the family in Sydney, Military Intelligence forced her to withdraw from the sale contract. She was refused permission to purchase under the War Precautions (Land Transfer) Regulations because of her husband's German origin and the property's proximity to Botany Bay 2 miles away.\nIn 1933, with the rise of National Socialism in Germany and scarred by their experiences during World War One, Alfred and Hally changed their name by deed poll to Kingsley.\nThey eventually moved to Papua where Bert and Wallace had established a business. She died there on 11 April 1956.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-architect-of-kokoda-bert-kienzle-the-man-who-made-the-kokoda-trail\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harvey-sir-john-musgrave-1865-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-molonglo-mystery-a-unique-part-of-canberras-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-about-molonglo-the-mystery-deepens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/enemy-aliens-internment-and-the-homefront-experience-in-australia-1914-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-enemy-at-home-german-internees-in-world-war-i-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-official-history-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1914-1918-australia-during-the-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Schoeffel, Daisy Mildred", "Entry ID": "AWE5417", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/schoeffel-daisy-mildred\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "EchucaEchuca, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Australian-born Daisy Schoeffel, with her German-born but naturalised British husband and their two British born children, were deported from Fiji to Australia in November 1917 and interned in harsh conditions as enemy aliens first in the Bourke Concentration Camp, New South Wales and then moved to the Molonglo Concentration Camp at Fyshwick in the then Federal Capital Territory (now the Australian Capital Territory). Finally released in May 1919, Daisy wrote to a Western Australian Member of Parliament - Hon. Henry Gregory - expressing her anger and humiliation at the injustice of their treatment, the shame of their status and the depth and breadth of the suffering they experienced in the camps and pleaded against the forced deportation to Germany of her family. This letter provides the basis of this entry with relation to her imprisonment during World War One.\n", "Details": "Fourth generation Australian, Daisy Mildred Pearse was the fifth of ten children born to Jessie Alice (nee Armstrong) and James Pearse in North Fremantle, Western Australia on 22 September 1885. James Pearse was a tanner whose shoe manufacturing business, later known as Pearse and Swan, evolved to be a major company in Western Australia. He served as a councillor for Fremantle 1883-1895, for North Fremantle 1895-1917 and as Mayor of North Fremantle from 1898-1901. None of this, however, protected his daughters Daisy and Hally, married to German cousins, from what lay ahead after the outbreak of World War One.\nOn a visit to New Zealand, Daisy met German-born businessman Alfred Emil Schoeffel who had worked for a German company in Fiji since 1908. They married at Johnston Memorial Congregational Church, Fremantle, on 19 November 1913. According to Robyn Kienzle in her book about Daisy's nephew Bert, 'The Architect of Kokoda', Daisy and Alfred married 'against furious opposition from her family' (p. 12), however the report of the large society wedding in the West Australian in November 1913, suggests the family may have come around to the marriage ('Social Notes', 1913, p. 10).\nThe couple initially lived in Levuka, Fiji where Daisy gave birth to three children - Kenton in 1914, Max in 1916. She later gave birth to Rex in Australia in 1924.\nAlfred Schoeffel was naturalised a British subject in May 1914 and nothing immediately changed for the family after the outbreak of war in August the same year. The Schoeffels continued to live their lives as before. Back in Australia, Daisy's brother Kenton Pearse enlisted with the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and saw action in France. Several of her cousins also served with the AIF. Daisy's father, James Pearse had a significant contract producing leather boots for the Australian forces, and her brother Alfred George Pearse (b. 1881) represented the Master Tanners' Association on the Western Australian advisory committee appointed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes under the war precautions leather industries regulations that ensured Commonwealth control over the manufacture of leather goods including boots. Daisy's family was thoroughly Australian but this made no difference when in 1917 the notorious German naval commander and sea raider Count Felix von Luckner evaded the British Royal Navy and ended up in Fiji, where the local community responded with xenophobic hysteria. Von Luckner and his small crew surrendered to British authorities and were shipped to New Zealand where they were interned for the duration of the war, but in the meantime the politics of fear had taken hold in Fiji and all German nationals in Fiji were deported, whether naturalised British or not.\nRecovering at home from surgery to remove gallstones and her appendix, Daisy was rounded up by Fijian authorities with her family and her sister Hally and her stepchildren. All their property was seized, including their homes, and the two families forced onto the SS Atua, sailing from Suva on 1 November 1917. After travelling in abominable conditions under armed guard with little food and no washing facilities for the eight-day voyage, they were put on a train for Bourke, New South Wales from Sydney and not permitted to make contact with their family in Western Australia. In a letter Daisy wrote to Western Australian Member of Parliament Henry Gregory in 1919, and endorsed by her sister Hally, she described their arrival at Bourke where they were paraded to the empty former Empire Hotel:\nOnce I was able to get some candles from a store nearby and we were able to see the state of the rooms we had to live in, we women just broke down - I wished to God I could die and my babies with me! (NAA: CRS 457, Item 406\/1; Fischer 1989).\nThe Schoeffels and Kienzles were given straw sacks to sleep on and 'filthy dirty rusty tin plates' and mugs and a tin bucket to cook in. The authorities gave them no respite and neither did the weather. Having arrived in November, daytime temperatures were 40 degrees in shade and just as it began to cool down at 7 p.m. the prisoners were forced inside where the heat had built up during the day. Conditions were filthy; the women had to wash their children under a tap in the backyard and cook on a stove made from four bricks and an iron bar. Rations of bread and meat were often flyblown so they had to buy fresh food from local stores but as they had not been permitted to bring money from Fiji, they relied on the generosity of the other German prisoners. Many of the prisoners contracted dysentery, including Daisy and her baby son Max; they received little medical attention and Max was eventually admitted to Bourke hospital when his condition worsened. Daisy wrote of this time: 'Those next 3 weeks I can't write about. I went through hell and only thank God that I kept my reason.' The prisoners were only permitted to write two letters a week of 150 words each and these were censored so she was unable to appeal to her family in Western Australia for help.\nWhen the German consul in Fiji, George Krafft died of heatstroke at Bourke in February 1918 and shortly afterwards an interned family's cottage burnt down in the heat, families at Bourke were shipped to the then Federal Capital Territory. After a long train journey they found themselves at the Molonglo Concentration Camp, Fyshwick where Daisy wrote 'Oh, the difference in the treatment here was very marked indeed and we all said if only we had been sent here in the first place! The officers and men were all very kind\u2026 and were most sympathetic to my sister and I and could never understand how we could be there.' Under the leadership of the respected former journalist Brigadier-General Reginald Spencer Browne the regime was more gentle. Daisy described that 'everything here was made as easy for us as discipline allowed and compared to Bourke our rations were good and plentiful.' There was, however, one drawback with Molonglo - they were in a camp on a dusty open plain, in poorly built wooden barracks that let in the rain, wind and noise from the other internees. Daisy wrote that there was constant noise all around: 'at my hut I could hear French, German, Chinese and English all day and half the night.' Her husband became seriously ill and was bed-bound for four months while Daisy became so rundown she had three and more fainting fits per day. Her physical and mental health suffered for the rest of her life.\nAfter their release on 22 May 1919, Daisy and her sister Hally were both concerned that they would be deported to Germany as enemy aliens with their families. The British and Fijian governments supported the deportation of enemy aliens and from August 1919 the Fiji Legislative Council prohibited former enemy aliens from landing on the island. The Australian government deported 6,150 people who were deemed enemy aliens. Of these, 5,414 people had been interned, the rest were family members or those ordered by the Defence Department to leave the country. Of the more than one thousand people who appealed to the Commonwealth Alien Board against deportation, only 306 were successful including 179 naturalised or native born Australians. Daisy and her sister and their husbands were relieved when Gregory's intervention on their behalf to the Prime Minister and the Governor General apparently contributed to their deportation orders being rescinded.\nDaisy and her family initially lived in Sydney. They were eventually permitted to return to Fiji in 1920 but spent only a brief time there before returning to Sydney where Alfred was again naturalised in May 1926. They lived in Turramurra, Sydney before taking up farming at Horningsea Park, near Liverpool, New South Wales sometime before 1933. Daisy and Alfred were living in Mathoura, in the New South Wales Riverina until she died at her son Max's home Chelsworth Park in nearby Echuca, Victoria on 14 January 1969. She was buried at Mathoura Cemetery on 17 January 1969.\nDaisy had written to Gregory in 1919: 'what hurt us more than all the insults and hardships we were forced to endure during our 2 years internment, was the fact that we should have to suffer all this at the hands of our own men and in our country!' She said they were made to feel like criminals and brought shame on their family. Daisy blamed Australia, writing that had Australia refused Fiji's request to intern them, no other country would have done so. 'Fiji approached New Zealand first of all and they refused to intern naturalized men let alone British women!' (NAA: CRS 457, Item 406\/1; Fischer 1989). According to later Schoeffel family stories, Daisy did not talk about the experience. As was so often the case, shame inhibited people from telling stories of their internment. Her letter to Gregory, published as Appendix 1 in Gerhard Fischer's Enemy aliens: internment and the home front experience in Australia, 1914-1920 (1989), powerfully relates her experience in her own words. It proved an eye-opener to her grandchildren and other relatives and is a tragic illustration of a lesser known suffering caused by war.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-enemy-at-home-german-internees-in-world-war-i-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/enemy-aliens-internment-and-the-homefront-experience-in-australia-1914-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-official-history-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1914-1918-australia-during-the-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-molonglo-mystery-a-unique-part-of-canberras-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-about-molonglo-the-mystery-deepens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/civilians-in-a-world-at-war-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-modern-day-concentration-camp-using-history-to-make-sense-of-australian-immigration-detention-centres\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/social-notes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leather-industries-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-women-in-world-war-i-community-at-home-nurses-abroad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bennett-Borlase, Deborah", "Entry ID": "AWE5427", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennett-borlase-deborah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Judge, Lawyer, Magistrate, Solicitor", "Summary": "In 1987 Deborah Bennett-Borlase became the first woman appointed as a Magistrate to the Perth Courts of Petty Sessions in Western Australia\n", "Details": "Born at a private hospital in Claremont (the building later occupied by solicitors), Deborah Bennett-Borlase was raised and educated in Perth. She married a farmer in the North Eastern Wheatbelt of Western Australia and, in her words, was somewhat surprised to discover that milk did not come in bottles, nor bread (a catastrophe when made by herself) already sliced for selection. She did learn, however, how to keep the sheep up for the shearers in the sheds, to keep the fires burning on the wind rows of timber cleared by the bulldozers for new paddocks and to drive a tractor and seed crops when necessity required.\nTwo children and then, later, education became a priority and a move to Perth occurred. With time on her hands Bennett-Borlase enrolled in a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Western Australia. Study, lectures and tutorials were slotted into half the week and the balance driving 200 miles (320km) back to the farm for other duties. Bitten by the study bug after the successful completion of the BA she enrolled in the Law Faculty. On completion of this degree she undertook articles which were split between David Smith of Slee, Anderson and Pidgeon and subsequently Ian Mossenson of Mossenson, Skarlz and Corser & Corser, undertaking mainly criminal matters.\nIn 1987 she was appointed a magistrate in the Perth Court of Petty Sessions and was welcomed with offers of assistance from generous brother magistrates.\nHer circuit was one week at Rockingham and one week in the North East Kimberly region. The latter entailed a lot of road and air travel to Derby, Halls Creek, Balgo Hills, Kununarra and Wyndam. At Rockingham she became the subject of interest of the local chapter of a bikie club whose members tried to follow her from court to her home in Perth several times - this attempt at intimidation failed.\nConsternation and amusement arose at her first sitting in Kununarra when a slightly tipsy gentleman came up from the cells and called out \"Whd youse coin up there misses? You'd better get down before SM finds you\". The Prosecutor and orderlies, all spruced up for her visit went rigid with embarrassment and she struggled not to laugh.\nThe experience in the Kimberley was one of the most enjoyable and enriching experiences in her life. The exposure to the Aboriginal people and their problems and joys, along with meeting some of the white pioneers of this area while being exposed to the rugged beauty of the Kimberley landscapes will stay with her forever.\nBennett-Borlase was later posted back to the Perth Court of Petty Sessions and retired in 2002.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coles, Laura", "Entry ID": "AWE5449", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coles-laura\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stirling, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Exercise physiologist, Shooting champion", "Summary": "Laura Coles began shooting at a local club as a teenager, later moving to competitive clay pigeon shooting. She worked as an exercise physiologist, before going on to win a gold medal at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in 2014.\n", "Events": "Shooting - Skeet (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hunter, Sally", "Entry ID": "AWE5457", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hunter-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Swimmer", "Events": "Swimming - 4 x 100m Medley Relay (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nelson, Ashleigh", "Entry ID": "AWE5464", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nelson-ashleigh\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wagin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Hockey player", "Summary": "Ashleigh Nelson began playing hockey with the Australian women's national team in 2008. She went on to represent Australia at the Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Games and the Champions Trophy.\n", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Taylor, Jayde", "Entry ID": "AWE5469", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-jayde\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Hockey player", "Summary": "Jayde Taylor war born in Perth and began playing hockey when she was thirteen years old. She went on to represent Australia at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, Women's Hockey World Cup and the Women's Hockey Champions Trophy. Taylor retired from international hockey in 2015.\n", "Events": "Member of the Hockeyroos (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bassett, Caitlin", "Entry ID": "AWE5470", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bassett-caitlin\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Netball Player", "Summary": "Caitlin Bassett made her international debut with the Australian netball team in 2008. She went on to represent Australia at the Commonwealth Games and the Netball World Cup.\n", "Events": "Member of the Australian Netball Diamonds (2014 - 2014)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mickle, Kim", "Entry ID": "AWE5472", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mickle-kim\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Kim Mickle joined a junior athletics club when she was six years old and began competing at thirteen. After competing in javelin in junior championships in 2001 and 2002, she went on to represent Australia at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games and IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) competitions.\n", "Events": "Athletics - Javelin (2014 - 2014)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bryant, Diana", "Entry ID": "AWE5526", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bryant-diana\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Judge, Lawyer, Magistrate, Queen's Counsel, Solicitor", "Summary": "The Honourable Diana Bryant is an Australian jurist. She was appointed Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia on 5 July 2004. Before this, she was the inaugural Chief Federal Magistrate of the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia (now the Federal Circuit Court of Australia) from 2000-2004.\nHer Honour's appointment to the bench followed many years practising in family law in both Perth and Victoria. In Perth, she was a partner with the firm Phillips Fox; in Melbourne she was a founding member of Chancery Chambers. Known to be 'a brilliant lawyer', with an 'innate sense of justice and fairness,' her time as a barrister was marked by her preparedness to pursue both on behalf of her clients even at her own cost.\nHer Honour has long been committed to advocating on behalf of women in the legal profession, having been a founding member of the Women Lawyers Association of Western Australia. She is currently Patron of Australian Women Lawyers and a committee member of The Australian Association of Women Judges.\nBorn into a family of legal professionals (her mother was a lawyer, as was her grandfather), Her Honour has witnessed considerable change across the course of her professional life, with regards to the status of women in the legal profession. In a 2016 address at the Australian Women Lawyers conference, she noted, '[a]although there are further mountains to climb for women lawyers, the progress is encouraging, 'suggesting that one of the most 'encouraging signs' was greater acceptance of the need for 'different work policies and practices which do not impede the path to success.'\nDiana Bryant was interviewed by Nikki Henningham for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of AustraliaCATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "A more detailed essay about Her Honour's career is in development.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cool-head-leaps-into-legal-hot-seat\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-view-from-the-top-of-the-hill-a-retrospective-by-an-activist-woman-lawyer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diana-bryant-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kennedy, Antoinette", "Entry ID": "AWE5527", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kennedy-antoinette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Judge, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Antoinette Kennedy was the first woman judge to be appointed in Western Australia when appointed to the Bench of the District Court in 1985.\n", "Details": "Justice Antoinette Kennedy has been a leader and a mentor in the legal profession and has achieved many 'firsts' that have allowed others to follow in her footsteps.\nThese include:\n\nShe was the only woman from her year at high school to attend university\nShe was the only woman from her graduating class at the University of Western Australia to gain articles of clerkship\nShe was the second woman to join the Independent Bar in Perth to practise as a barrister\nShe was the first woman judge to be appointed in Western Australia when appointed to the Bench of the District Court in 1985\nShe was a founding member of Women Lawyers of Western Australia Inc. (she ahs been a Patron of that group since 1999)\nShe was the first woman to be appointed Chief Judge of the District Court of Western Australia in 2004.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-interview-with-chief-judge-antoinette-kennedy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Power, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE5637", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/power-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Lawyer", "Summary": "Associate Professor Jane Power completed her Law Degree at The University of Western Australia in 1983. She immediately commenced practice as an Articled Clerk with the Legal Aid Commission of Western Australia, specialising mainly in the area of Family Law. Jane continued to work in a part time capacity after the birth of the first of her three children, again concentrating in Family Law but also Juvenile Justice and minor Criminal Law. In addition to working for the Commission in Perth, she spent a number of years assisting as Duty Counsel and in the Advice Bureau in the Fremantle jurisdiction. She has also worked for a medium sized local firm and a sole practitioner.\nJane currently holds the position of Director, Professional Legal Education at the Law School of The University of Notre Dame Australia (Fremantle Campus) having commenced the position in January 2012. She was previously the Associate Dean (Students) from 2004 - 2007, and Dean from 2008 - 2011. She was the second female Law Dean in Western Australia. She is responsible for the School's Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme, for practitioners and serves on numerous practitioner related bodies. She continues to hold her Practice Certificate.\n", "Details": "Jane Power is the eldest daughter (and third of five siblings) of Joan and Ken Mckenna and attended school at Iona Presentation College (where she was a prefect) before studying law at the University of Western Australia; she was admitted to practice in 1984 having completed her Articles at Legal Aid Western Australia. She was the first law graduate of Iona Presentation College. Between 1984 and 2002 she practised mainly in the areas of Family Law and Juvenile Justice in both a full time and part time capacity with Legal Aid and a small private firm. She is married to barrister Tony Power of Francis Burt Chambers and has three adult children.\nJane has always maintained a passion for pro bono and volunteer legal work and has held her practice certificate for this reason continuously since her entry into academia in 2002. She maintains a specific interest in the education of women at both secondary and tertiary level, and served on the school board (as Chair for nine years) of an all-girls school. Her PhD, conferred in December 2015, included Education Law. From 2005 - 2010 she held various positions with the Curriculum Council of Western Australia in relation to writing and marking year 12 exams in Politics and the Law. She is, or has recently been, a member of the following:\n\n Law Society of Western Australia (LSWA)\nWomen Lawyers of Western Australia (WLWA)\nWLWA Gender Bias Taskforce Report Review Committee\nGraduate Recruitment Advisory Group (Convener)\nLaw Society's Graduate and Academic Standards Committee (Deputy Convener)\nLaw Society's Mental Health and Wellbeing Committee\nLaw Society's Francis Burt Law Education Committee\nAustralian and New Zealand Education Law Association (ANZELA, Vice President WA Chapter)\n Australian Law Teacher's Association (ALTA)\nAustralian and New Zealand Legal History Association (ANZLHS)\n\nAs a member of Women Lawyers of Western Australia Jane was co-convener of Chapter 2 of the Chief Justice's Gender Bias Report Review 2014 ('the Review', published in October 2014), a member of the Standing Committee of the Review and is currently a member of the Review's Implementation Committee. She is committed to advancing the prospects of women in the law and ensuring a fair and equitable participation in practice. She was nominated for Senior Woman Lawyer of the Year by the WLWA and Woman Lawyer of the Year by the Law Society in 2012.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Yarran-Mark, Gningala", "Entry ID": "AWE5647", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yarran-mark-gningala\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Lawyer, Manager, Solicitor", "Summary": "Gningala Yarran-Mark has a law degree from the University of Western Australia and has established a successful career working in Western Australian resources companies working in management positions. In 2016 she holds the position of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Co-ordinator at UGL Limited, having also worked for Jacobs, Sinclair Knight Merz and BHP in similar roles. She earlier worked as Associate to Justice French at the Federal Court, the first Aboriginal law graduate in Western Australia to attain such a position, and as a Public Prosecutor for the Western Australian Department of Public Prosecutions.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Gningala Yarran-Mark for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Gningala Yarran-Mark and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\nI often get asked about role models and how important they are to the journeys we make.\nThe greatest role models in my early life consisted of a mother and father who strived to make the most of their circumstances and built the family home on strong values such as hard work, ethics, discipline, commitment and determination. My mother would often quote simple life messages that I live by, one of those quotes, \"Education is the golden key that unlocks many doors\", was a motivator for the attainment of higher education.\nMy father had the most significant influence in my decision to become a legal practitioner. Before the establishment of the Aboriginal Legal Service as we know it today my father, David Yarran and his cousin-brother Ivan Yarran were the very first Aboriginal court officers for the Aboriginal Legal Service in Perth, Western Australia. My father was quick witted and highly intelligent, in fact my mother would often refer to his stunning intellect. Sadly my father did not get the chance to go to University. My father grew up in an era where Aboriginal children were barely allowed a primary school education let alone advancement to a University qualification, in fact the primary school Principal needed to provide written permission in order that an Aboriginal young person gain entry to high school.\nMy father's advocacy functions started in my early years on the Mt Magnet Reserve in the 1960's, he was often called upon by the local police to act as mediatory between the police and many of the Aboriginal persons coming into contact with the criminal justice system to ensure our community where given an opportunity to be heard and for the police to extract information that was not forthcoming in many instances because of the mistrust of the police compounded by language barriers.\nOur household would be \"shattered\" by the untimely death of my father's dad who unfortunately died in police lock-up after having been removed from the streets for vagrancy, despite the fact that he had a fixed address and resided with my mother and father. My grandfather's death fuelled my father's determination that no other family should have to suffer the indignity of the loss of a family member in \"questionable\" circumstances. My father was a part of a delegation to the steps of old parliament house in Canberra to fight for the rights of Aboriginal Australians to have adequate legal representation at a time of heightened hostilities toward Aboriginal people who were forced to live on the periphery of society.\nI grew up witness to endless phone calls in the middle of the night from distressed Aboriginal persons in lock-up concerned for their physical well-being and a steady stream of peoples seeking advice and information from my father once the Aboriginal Legal Service was established. I remember through all of this my father maintained a brutal regime to ensure others were represented, educated, comforted and consoled. I recall as a 10yr old girl I declared that as my father was the very first Aboriginal court officer I would go on and become the first lawyer in the family. Reflecting back I can recall responding to my grade 5 teacher when quizzed on what I was going to be when I grow up, I emphatically answered that I was going to be a lawyer.\nMy household had undergone some considerable changes as a young child, my mother and father divorced, my father was deceased at age 42, mother deceased at age 49. As a result of the volatility of the household I did not go to University as originally planned, I left home early as a result of a falling out with my mother. I was married at age 19 and a mother of 5 children at age 26. Finally at the tender age of 31 I was ready for the rigours of University after having worked in a number of areas including health, education, employment and training both in government and Aboriginal community controlled organisations.\nI was accepted to the Aboriginal Pre-Law program in the summer of 1996. In that same year I bumped into my grade 5 Teacher who asked me whether I was a lawyer yet and I was able to state that I was embarking on my journey, sadly neither my mother or my father were alive to see me take this enormous leap of faith. I made it through the Pre-Law program and was offered a place at the University of Western Australia, I was ecstatic.\nThere is really no description for the enormity of the task of completing a University degree, particularly with a household full of children. Whilst I was an exceptional student at school, particularly in English, thanks to my mother and her passion for reading. I recount the story to my children about how my mother had me reading \"Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee\" as a 13 year old, not because I had to, but because she had described the horrors of a history I wanted to better understand as it was similar to the atrocities committed on my ancestors.\nMy learning journey was one hell of a ride. In my first year I failed dismally, only able to successfully complete one compulsory unit. From that day on I vowed and declared that I would apply the same commitment, dedication and attention to detail that I applied to all of the other challenges that I had faced prior to commencement. If anyone ever states that they achieved single handedly I would suggest that they may in fact be embellishing the facts, in my experience no one ever makes it on their own. Coming from a large extended Aboriginal family I had many hands to make my learning journey that much more bearable. I had brothers that would extend themselves financially to support my household, sister-cousins that would step in as 'mothers' to my children and wonderful friends that encouraged me and were gracious enough with their time to spare me a listening ear. One friend in particularly I referred to as 'my wise one', who coaxed me, consoled me, counselled me and cheered for me when I finally finished.\nFinishing was not without its ups and downs. My ups included the following;\n\n2000 Gloria Brennan Scholarship recipient\n2000- 2002 Vincent Fairfax Fellowship - inclusive of a research project in Fiji and attendance to an ASEAN Conference in Bangkok, Thailand\n2001 Aboriginal Student of the Year - UWA Aboriginal Student Corporation\n2001 University funding to attend the World Anti-Racism Conference in Durban, South Africa\n2004 Aboriginal Scholar of the Year Award for NAIDOC Perth\n\nSome of the more trying times included the commencement of divorce proceedings in 2000 and the subsequent sale of the family home meant I found myself homeless as a single mother with 5 children to care for. Fortunately for me my extended family came to my aid and I was housed for a time whilst I completed my studies in order to secure full time employment and re-entry into the labour market.\nUpon my 2002 graduation I was successful at obtaining a post as an Associate to Justice Robert French at the Federal Court, the first time an Aboriginal law graduate in Western Australia had ever attained such a position. It was particularly refreshing to receive a message from Justice French when he was appointed Chief Judge to the High Court of Australia that history had been made in that moment I was appointed. After completion of a 12 month term at the Federal Court I made application to do Articles at the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions and was successful. It was the first time that an Aboriginal law graduate had successfully applied to complete articles with the Director of Public Prosecutions in Western Australia. I was admitted in 2004 and completed my restricted practice whilst at the Director of Public Prosecutions in Western Australia and was the first Aboriginal State Prosecutor in Western Australia.\nUpon graduation I was aware of the need to give back to my Aboriginal community and I did this by being a Mentor with the Law Society of Western Australia. Another of my mother's pearls of wisdom was a quote that stated, \"once you have reached your goal it is incumbent on you to give back to others who may follow\". My parents had grown up in a world where our Aboriginality meant 'exclusion' and my mother was of the view that for those of our community that were resilient enough to climb to the top of their chosen profession we needed to provide support and encouragement for others to aspire to great things. My mother lived by her philosophies and I am still reminded today of how many people's lives she transformed by being a positive, outspoken, resilient remarkable women.\nI exited the legal fraternity in 2007 to embark on a new journey into the world of mining and business. My learning journey is not yet complete I will graduate with Master in Business Leadership in 2016 with the view to attain a PhD shortly thereafter. My passion for learning has inspired my 5 children to go on and complete University education. Of my 5 children I have the twins in the performing arts, one a graduate of WAAPA (WA Academy of Performing Arts) the other a final year student at NIDA (National Institute of Dramatic Art), my eldest daughter is a Sports and Exercise Scientist who is going on to do Medicine in 2016, my second youngest daughter will finalise her Political Science and History Arts degree in 2016 and my youngest daughter will finalise her Environmental and Sustainability degree from Murdoch University in 2016.\nI continue to give back to the community by involving myself in committees and reference groups across such areas as Law and Justice, Health, Native title and business development. Legal training and experience as a legal practitioner gives you a greater understanding of technical frameworks that then allows you to create opportunities for training others across a range of disciplines. I work with a number of student support services and donate my time talking to young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people about the importance of education and the importance of making a difference in your family and your community, raising the awareness about how to positively impact your own life and that of others.\nI will continue to seek out new adventures and new experiences to add to my arsenal before I exit this life. Part of my new pathway is in the presence of an amazingly supportive and inspiring husband who challenges me to challenge myself and my community. I look forward to the next part of my journey as a newly married women with a powerhouse for a husband and an empty nest now that my children have all left home.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hackett, Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE5669", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hackett-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Barrister, Lawyer, Producer, Solicitor", "Summary": "In 1933, probably for the first time in the history of Australian Criminal Court practice, Patricia Hackett became the first woman barrister to appear in the defence of a man charged with murder.\nAfter a short career in the law, Hackett went on to open theatre company, the Torch. She went on to appear in, direct and produce many plays in Adelaide.\n", "Details": "Patricia Hackett, theatrical producer, actress and lawyer, was born on 25 January 1908 in Perth, the second of five children of (Sir) John Winthrop Hackett (d.1916), newspaper proprietor, and his wife Deborah Vernon, n\u00e9e Drake-Brockman. In 1918 Deborah remarried and the family moved to Adelaide. Educated in 1919-22 at Church of England Girls' Grammar School (The Hermitage), Geelong, Victoria, and for two months in 1923 at Woodlands Church of England Girls' Grammar School, Adelaide, Patricia matriculated by private study in 1924. Next year she passed two subjects towards a law degree at the University of Adelaide, but was dismissed for sitting her sister's Latin examination (Peoples). In 1927 Patricia went to London where she passed her final examination in law in 1929. Called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1930 and admitted to the South Australian Bar that year, she practised in Adelaide; Don Dunstan was to share her chambers from 1952 (Peoples).\nIn 1933, probably for the first time in the history of Australian Criminal Court practice, Patricia was the first woman barrister to appear in the defence of a man charged with murder. Creating intense interest, the trial of Salem Mackaad, a Syrian storekeeper, charged with the murder of Richard Joseph Supple, whose dead body was found last June on the bank of the Torrens river, commenced in Adelaide (The West Australian). Patricia acted as the defence counsel for the accused with the legal firm, Matthews and Patricia Hackett of Adelaide.\nAccording to a report from the West Australian Newspaper from July 1933, \"In her early twenties, Miss Hackett, in conjunction with her partner, Mr. L. B. Matthews, has already conducted successfully a number of cases in the Adelaide Courts but had not previously appeared in a trial of the present magnitude\" (The West Australian).\nPatricia went on to produce and perform in many plays in Adelaide. She opened her own theatre company, the Torch. She was an actress of 'remarkable purity', although her performances were occasionally marred by pretentiousness. By nature she was generous, witty, flamboyant, temperamental, outspoken and fiery. Her drive and energy were astonishing (Peoples).\nPatricia's last play, Legend, comprised much of her verse and was performed as a fringe production during Adelaide's inaugural Festival of Arts (1960). She died of coronary thrombosis on 18 August 1963 at Hackney and was cremated. In 1965 the University of Western Australia established the Patricia Hackett prize, awarded annually for the best creative writing published in Westerly magazine (Peoples).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hackett-patricia-1918-1963\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-barrister\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Doherty, Auvergne", "Entry ID": "AWE5670", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-auvergne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Farmer, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Auvergne Doherty, from Western Australia, was one of the first nine women admitted as barristers in England. She was admitted to Middle Temple in 1920 and called in 1922. Doherty did not practise and returned to Australia where she became the manager of a cattle station; her father was a wool broker.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-auvergne-doherty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-women-cohort-called-to-the-bar-1922\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Siddique, Rabia", "Entry ID": "AWE5672", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/siddique-rabia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Army officer (former), Barrister, Lawyer, Public speaker, Solicitor", "Summary": "Rabia Siddique is a criminal and human rights lawyer, a retired British Army officer, a former terrorism and war crimes prosecutor, a professional speaker, trainer, MC, facilitator and published author.\nIn 2006 she was awarded a Queen's commendation for her human rights work in Iraq and in 2009 was the Runner Up for Australian Woman of the Year UK.\nMore recently Rabia was named as one of the 2014 Telstra Business Women's Award Finalists and one of the 100 most influential women in Australia by Westpac and the Australian Financial Review. She was also announced as a finalist for the 2016 Australian of the Year Awards.\nAfter starting life as a criminal defence lawyer and youngest ever Federal prosecutor in Western Australia, Rabia moved to the UK in 1998 where she eventually commissioned as a Legal Officer in the British Army in 2001.\nIn a terrifying ordeal that garnered worldwide attention, along with a male colleague, Rabia assisted with the rescue of two Special Forces soldiers from Iraqi insurgents in Basra. Her male colleague received a Military Cross for outstanding bravery, while Rabia's part in the incident was covered up by the British Army and Government. In a fight for justice she brought a landmark discrimination case against the UK Ministry of Defence, and won. She went on to become a Crown Advocate in the British Counter Terrorism Division, which saw her prosecuting Al Qaeda terrorists, hate crimes and advising on war crimes prosecutions in The Hague.\nPlease click on 'Details' below to read an essay written by Rabia Siddique for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Rabia Siddique and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nRabia Siddique was born in Perth, Australia in 1971 and spent the first five years of her life in India. She is the eldest child of an Indian Muslim father and an Australian mother. In 1976 her family migrated to Perth where she then grew up, was educated and remained until her mid twenties.\nRabia's first experiences of social inequality and injustice were at a young age when she witnessed first-hand the difficulties and discrimination faced by migrants in conservative 1970s suburban Australia. At the tender and vulnerable age of nine she also experienced abuse for the first time, which quickly robbed her of her childhood and her innocence. These experiences undoubtedly informed decisions and choices Rabia later made in life.\nRabia obtained a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees from the University of Western Australia and started her legal career at Legal Aid WA, where she practised predominantly as a criminal defence lawyer. She then moved to the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, where she became one of the youngest federal prosecutors in Australia.\nIn 1998 Rabia moved to the United Kingdom with the intention of expanding her legal practice to the fields of International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law.\nIn September 2001, after re-qualifying as Solicitor Advocate of England and Wales and travelling through Eastern Africa, Europe and South America, Rabia commissioned as a Legal Officer in the British Army, a rather unexpected career choice! Her career in the Army took her to England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Germany, Italy and the Middle East.\nRabia later became the Army's recruitment 'poster girl' by promoting equality and diversity within the British Armed Forces. In a terrifying ordeal, whilst deployed to Iraq in 2005 Rabia, along with a male colleague, assisted with the rescue of two Special Forces soldiers from Iraqi insurgents during a hostage situation that garnered worldwide attention.\nAfter the Iraq hostage incident Rabia's male colleague was awarded a Military cross for outstanding bravery for his part in the incident, while Rabia's involvement was covered up by the British Army and Tony Blair's Government. In her fight for justice she brought a successful landmark race and sex discrimination case against the UK Ministry of Defence.\nIn 2008 Rabia left the British Armed Forces and went on to become a Crown Advocate in the British Counter Terrorism Division of the Crown Prosecution Service, which involved working on some of the most high profile terrorism and hate crime prosecutions, as well as advising on war crimes cases. This role also took Rabia to the International Criminal Court in The Hague.\nIn 2008 Rabia and her husband welcomed their precious triplet sons into the world. Parenting triplets was to become Rabia's biggest and most rewarding challenge yet!\nIn 2011 Rabia decided to move to back to Australia in order to provide her family with a safe, balanced and healthy lifestyle. So far the return to Australia has not disappointed! Rabia worked as a Senior Government Lawyer and in-House Counsel for both the Corruption and Crime Commission of WA and more recently Legal Counsel to the Commissioner of WA Police, whilst also juggling tutoring and guest lecturing commitments at the University of WA.\nIn 2014 Rabia transitioned from a part-time to full time professional speaker and facilitator, following the publication of her best-selling book, 'Equal Justice'. In a relatively short period of time Rabia has gained an International reputation as a passionate human rights advocate and inspiring motivational speaker. She has appeared in various television, print and radio interviews in Australia, New Zealand and the UK, and the focus of her career is now on promoting Women in Leadership, resilience, values based leadership, equality and diversity in our workplaces and communities. She is passionate about the transformative effect of education, particular for girls, and sees education as the vaccine against oppression, violence and ignorance.\nRabia speaks English, French (conversational), Spanish (poorly) and Arabic (worse)! She has run the London marathon and walked a one and a half marathon for charity, undertaken human rights and community aid work in the Middle East, South America, South East Asia and Australia, was awarded a Queen's Commendation for her humanitarian work in Iraq in 2006 and was Runner Up Australian Woman of the Year UK in 2009.\nIn 2014 Rabia was a finalist in the Telstra Australian Business Women's Awards and was named as one of Australia's 100 most influential women. In October last year Rabia received a standing ovation from 1700 people at her TEDx talk entitled 'Courage Under Fire' where she spoke about the power we all have as individuals to create the change we wish to see in this world. In March 2015 Rabia was nominated for the WA Women Lawyer of the Year Award and the work she has done in the area of equality and diversity was used as a case study at the most recent UN Commission on the Status of Women in New York.\nRabia is a member of the Australian and British Red Cross, UN Women Australia, Law Society of Western Australia Equal Opportunities and Human Rights Committee, an Associate Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management (WA) and a member of the International Institute for Humanitarian Law. She is also an Ambassador of a number of Women and Children's based charities and a Board Member of Wesley College, Perth.\nRabia was recently appointed as a Director of the International Foundation of Non-Violence.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/equal-justice-my-journey-as-a-woman-a-soldier-and-a-muslim\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Malor, Jean Lewis", "Entry ID": "AWE5695", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/malor-jean-lewis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Editor, Lawyer", "Summary": "Jean Malor has the distinction of having been the first female student to graduate from the University of Sydney with first-class honours in Law. Although admitted to practise in 1937, Malor rejected going to the New South Wales Bar in favour of a career with the Law Book Company of Australasia Pty Ltd. (This may have been because her brother, Ronald, soon to be killed in the Second World War, was already a promising junior at the Bar). With the outbreak of war, she became honorary secretary of the Law School Comforts Fund. Malor remained at the Law Book Company until she was 60, rising to become senior legal advisor and senior editor and highly regarded for her knowledge and proficiency. In 1973, she was appointed chairwoman of the Commonwealth Computerisation of Legal Data Committee, one of a number of committees and professional organisations to which she gave much of her time and expertise over many years. Retained by Butterworths Pty Ltd in 1977, she was editor responsible for The Australian Current Law Digest and Commonwealth Statutes Annotations. She continued to work until she was in her 80s. On 3 June 1978, Malor's prodigious legal knowledge and lifelong dedication as an editor were recognised when she was awarded an OBE for her services to the legal profession.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-malor-interview-interview-with-paddy-mullin-jean-malors-daughter-by-juliette-brodsky-2-july-2010\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McGlade, Hannah", "Entry ID": "AWE5723", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcglade-hannah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal spokesperson, Academic, Barrister, Human rights activist, Lawyer, Solicitor, Tribunal Member", "Summary": "Dr Hannah McGlade is a Nyungar human rights lawyer and academic who has published widely on many aspects of Aboriginal legal issues, especially those affecting the lives of Aboriginal women and children. Winner of the West Australian NAIDOC Student of the Year Award in 1996 (she followed this up in 2008 with the NAIDOC Outstanding Achievement Award), she was the first Aboriginal person to graduate from Murdoch University; she was also the first Aboriginal woman to graduate from a Western Australian law school when she graduated LLB (Murdoch) in 1995. She was admitted as a Solicitor and Barrister of the Supreme Court of Western Australia in 1996. In July 2016 she was appointed as a Senior Indigenous Research Fellow at Curtin University. In 2016, she has been a Senior Indigenous Fellow at the United Nations Office of the High Commission for Human Rights in Geneva, attending and assisting The Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP).\nAs well as publishing prolifically, McGlade has served on many tribunals, boards and committees throughout her career, including the board of the Healing Foundation, a national Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisation with a focus on building culturally strong, community led healing solutions to Australian Indigenous people by reconnecting them back to their culture, philosophy and spirit. She played a leading role in the return of historically significant lands, being the former Sister Kate's Children Home, where she had been a child resident, to the local community and also in the establishment of the Noongar Radio station serving as the Managing Director of Noongar Media Enterprises in 2008.\nHer tireless advocacy on behalf of Aboriginal women led in 2013 to the establishment of the first ever service in Perth for Aboriginal victims of domestic violence. Named Djinda, a Noongar word meaning stars and in memory of the women whose lives have been lost to violence, the service is delivered in conjunction with the Women's Law Centre and provides support to victims of family violence in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of metropolitan Perth. In 2016 McGlade remain an adviser to the service.\nHannah McGlade was interviewed by Nikki Henningham for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of AustraliaCATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "An advocate for schemes that enable and prioritise Indigenous people's access to education, McGlade provides living proof of the transformative power of education. Growing up, she enjoyed learning and wanted to get a good education, but circumstances beyond her control led to McGlade leaving school before turning 16 years. A victim of abuse herself, she experienced family breakdown, homelessness and poverty and discontinued schooling to support herself and a younger brother, finding work in cafes and fast food take out places. At this time, Government initiatives to support Aboriginal access to education were fortunately available. Hannah enrolled at the Curtin University Bridging Course, and then the Bachelor of Communications degree at Curtin. She worked for the West Australia Aboriginal Media Association, reporting on Indigenous affairs and issues. In 1989, now living and working in Canberra, Hannah was admitted to the Australian National University's inaugural Aboriginal entry program, which provided places and support to study law. She returned to Perth to complete her undergraduate degree in law at Murdoch University, where she also completed a Masters in International Human Rights Law in 2001. In 2011 she graduated with a PhD from Curtin University. McGlade's research, supervised by Professor Linda Briskman, formed the basis of an award-winning book and was awarded a Vice Chancellor's commendation. McGlade extended her formal education in 2014 at Harvard University by completing a Certificate in Global Mental Health, Trauma and Recovery.\nIn 2011, McGlade received the Stanner Award for the best academic manuscript written by an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander author, for her book based on her PhD research, Our Greatest Challenge, Aboriginal children and human rights. The strength of her writing and argument comes from her ability to blend personal experience with academic expertise and the benefit of professional practice. Described as 'not a comfortable read' the book is fearless in its analysis and assessment of Australian attitudes and responses to the abuse of children in Aboriginal communities. She argues that Aboriginal human rights discourses that focus on treaties and constitutional recognition ignore the plight of indigenous women and children and have been too often been supportive of Aboriginal men's sense of entitlement. While the impact of colonization, trauma, racism and stigma is profound, ongoing and extensively documented in histories of Aboriginal Australia, the danger of these wide-ranging explanations in the context of violence in Indigenous communities is that the specific issues of child sexual abuse and domestic violence, and the human rights of Aboriginal children are lost, subsumed in the greater 'pains' of the dispossessed. It also means that the special needs and voices of abused women and children are ignored. 'Within Aboriginal rights discourse, few women are prepared to speak about Aboriginal men's violence', she says, but this should not be taken to mean that gender is irrelevant, or that women might place more emphasis on racism than on sexism as the core problem. Women who do speak out, she says, often experience intimidation, marginalization and isolation. So-called 'educated liberal' responses that violence towards women and children is part of Aboriginal 'culture' and one that has to be accommodated by 'white man's' law are seriously misguided and cannot continue.\nMcGlade has used her legal training as an activist in a practical sense. In 1999, she successfully brought a civil case against Senator Ross Lightfoot who was found to have vilified Aboriginal people in 1997 by saying publicly that some aspects of Aboriginal culture were abhorrent, and that they were 'the most primitive people on earth'. She has supported several Noongar elders and community members to assert their rights under Section 18C of Racial Discrimination Act. Her legal training has also been important to her work in the community legal sector where she was responsible for leading the establishment of the Aboriginal Family Law Services, providing legal, counselling and community education to regional Aboriginal women, families and communities experiencing high levels of family violence and sexual assault. It has also qualified her to work on a variety of tribunals. She was appointed to the State Administrative Tribunal, Human Rights stream in 2010 and later worked for four years (2012-2016) at the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, starting originally at the Migration Refugee Review Tribunal, performing an important role in the review of government decision making. She continues to work as a member of the WA Mental Health Tribunal.\nHer academic writing, speaking, teaching and journalism are other channels through which she now develops her activism. Speaking on behalf of Aboriginal women is a privilege and a responsibility she takes very seriously, appreciating how the written word has power and leaves a legacy. 'Writing's been a great part of my life,' she said in a 2013 interview. 'I'm happy to have stood up for Aboriginal women - speaking up for what's important for us.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-greatest-challenge-aboriginal-children-and-human-rights\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/native-title-tides-of-history-and-our-continuing-claims-for-justice-sovereignty-self-determination-and-treaty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wa-senator-breached-race-act-court-finds\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-section-18c-and-the-racial-discrimination-act\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/review-of-our-greatest-challenge-aboriginal-children-and-human-rights\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hannah-mcglade-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gordon, Michelle Marjorie", "Entry ID": "AWE5814", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gordon-michelle-marjorie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Judge, Lawyer, Senior Counsel, Solicitor", "Summary": "The Hon. Michelle Gordon is a justice of the High Court of Australia. She was appointed to the Court in June 2015 while serving as a judge of the Federal Court of Australia, an appointment she had held since April 2007. Gordon attended Perth's St Mary's Anglican Girls' School and the Presbyterian Girls' College. After graduating from the University of Western Australia with bachelor degrees in jurisprudence and laws, she was admitted to practice in 1987. She served articles with Robinson Cox before joining Arthur Robinson & Hedderwicks as a solicitor (1988-1992), later becoming a senior associate (1992). Called to the Victorian Bar in 1992, Gordon took silk in 2003. Her practice - in state and federal courts - was predominantly in the areas of commercial, equity, taxation and general civil matters. Between 1998 and 2007, she served as a sessional member of the Victorian Administrative and Administrative Appeals Tribunal; she was also a member of the Law Council of Australia's Taxation Committee, Business Law Section (2003-2007). In July 2015 she was appointed a Professorial Fellow of the Law School, University of Melbourne. Gordon is married to the Hon. Kenneth Hayne AC QC, himself a former justice of the High Court. They have a son.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-high-court-judge-michelle-gordon-lauded-as-a-fabulous-lawyer-and-jurist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gordon, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE5815", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gordon-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Meekatharra, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commissioner, Justice of the Peace, Lawyer, Magistrate, Public servant", "Summary": "Dr Sue Gordon AM has achieved many 'firsts' during her career. In 1986, she was the first Aboriginal person to head a government department in Western Australia, as Commissioner for Aboriginal Planning; in 1988 she was WA's first Aboriginal magistrate and first full-time children's court magistrate; and in 1990 she was one of five commissioners appointed by federal Labor minister Gerry Hand to the first board of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC).\nGordon has been appointed by state and federal governments, on both sides of politics, to various positions. In 2002 she was appointed by the Premier of Western Australia, Geoff Gallop, to head an inquiry into family violence and child abuse in Western Australian Aboriginal communities. One outcome of the Gordon Inquiry was closure of the controversial Swan Valley Noongar Camp. In 2004, she was appointed Chair of the new National Indigenous Council, an advisory body to the Federal Government, following the winding down of ATSIC. She chaired the Northern Territory Emergency Response Taskforce from June 2007 to June 2008 before retiring from the bench in September 2008.\nIn retirement, Gordon has remained very active in a variety of organisations. Currently (2016) president of the Graham (Polly) Farmer Foundation and the Police and Community Youth Centres Federation of WA (PCYC) Board, to name only a couple of her appointments, her special long term project is Sister Kate's Aged Persons Project, supported by the Indigenous Land Corporation and Aboriginal Hostels Limited.\nGordon received the Order of Australia award in 1993 as acknowledgement of her work with Aboriginal people and community affairs. In 2003 she received an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters (Hon. DLitt) from the University of Western Australia, the same year she was awarded the 'Centenary Medal' for service to the community, particularly the Aboriginal community.\nSue Gordon was interviewed by Nikki Henningham for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of AustraliaCATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "Born at Belele Station, near Meekatharra, Western Australia in 1943, Sue Gordon was separated from her mother and family at the age of four and raised at Sister Kate's home in Queens Park, Western Australia. After leaving school, she joined the army as a full-time soldier. Between 1961 and 1964 she was a full-time member of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) based mostly in the eastern states, where she worked as a cipher operator. After leaving the army she worked in various administrative positions around Australia, including as Teltype operator at Carnarvon Tracking Station. This led to more administrative work in the Pilbara region, where she worked mostly in Aboriginal Affairs with both urban and traditional people. In 1977 she was awarded a National Aboriginal Overseas Study Award to survey employment programs with a number of Native American communities in the United States.\nGordon moved back to Perth when her eldest son was about to start university and her second one was in year 12, taking on the role of Commissioner for Aboriginal Planning in 1986, and in so doing, becoming the first Aboriginal person to head a government department in Western Australia. In 1988, despite her lack of formal legal training, she was appointed the first full-time and first Aboriginal magistrate in the state's history. Appointed to the Perth Children's Court, a court of limited jurisdiction served by lay, as well a legally trained, magistrates, Gordon served for twenty years before mandatory retirement in 2008 at the age of 65.\nWhile working full time at the court, Gordon completed a law degree part-time. She started it when she was 50, it took eight years, and there were times when she wondered what she had let herself in for. Fortunately, her two sons did not allow her to give up, reminding her that there was 'a rule at our house since we were kids, 'If you started, you have to finish it.\"\nCompleting the degree gave her 'the polish that she needed'. Besides, the discipline of the law reinforced a way of life for her that she had always valued. 'I had discipline in my early life\u2026I had discipline in the army and discipline in Aboriginal Affairs \u2026I'd come from a disciplined background. I think that's what I really appreciated at the court,' she says. What's more, it's a place where 'every decision is going to impact on somebody.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-force-for-her-people\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/my-three-families\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sue-gordon-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crossley, Jill", "Entry ID": "AWE5977", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crossley-jill\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Katanning, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Jill Crossley is regarded equally as a commercial and an artistic photographer. In addition to freelance advertising photography, Crossley has taken photographs in collaboration with ABC productions, the Craft Council of Victoria, and an Australian archaeological team in Pompeii. Crossley's style has been described as an interplay of realism and abstraction. Her early camera was a 116 folding camera, and in 1959 she used a Mamiyaflex and a Fujica camera. In recent years Crossley has worked with a small digital camera with a zoom lens.\n", "Details": "Jill Crossley is known equally for her commercial and artistic photography.\nShe grew up on her parent's sheep station at Katanning in Western Australia 277 km south-east of Perth. Her father was known to take photographs of his stud sheep and to process the photographic prints using Pyrex dishes and a washbasin. Jill and her brother Michael would watch on - their intrigue so great that they used their savings to buy a camera when Jill was only nine years old. Brother and sister consequently learnt how to develop films and print photographs using improvised equipment, just like their father.\nJill remained at home after finishing her schooling so she could pursue her interest in photography. She used a 116 folding camera and a cheap enlarger, setting up a darkroom in the bathroom using dishes made of wood which were painted with bitumen that sat on planks of wood placed over the bath tub. The first public showing of her work occurred when she submitted her photographs for display at the local agricultural show.\nCrossley set her mind on becoming a portrait photographer and received some training in negative retouching from Mattie Hodgson. This led to her obtaining work with the photographer Susan Watkins in Perth in the period 1949-1950. She also worked in the studios of Allan Gough and John Dent. This experience made her realise that with her shy disposition she was not ideally suited to portrait photography.\nCrossley moved to Sydney in 1954 intent on becoming an occupational therapist but before long she went back to photography. From 1957 to 1958 she worked as an assistant to Max Dupain in his Sydney studio and she was later to remark that his aesthetics and high standards were an inspiration to her.\n1959 saw her becoming a freelance photographer working in a mainly commercial capacity. For a while she worked for the ABC taking still photographs for their productions and photographs for the advertising industry; however she continued to make portraits of children and to produce photographs that were used for book illustrations or were published in magazines such as Art in Australia . Then throughout the 1970s and 1980s she collaborated with the Craft Council of Australia, producing a number of instructional resource kits relating to weaving, woodcraft and leatherwork.\nIn the 1970s she also accepted an assignment in Papua New Guinea, which saw her travelling to New Britain and New Ireland; she accompanied an Australian archaeological team to Pompeii, Italy taking photographs of excavated artefacts.\nJill Crossley went onto have a number of solo exhibitions, starting in the 1980s at the Australian Centre for Photography (1980), and the David Reid Gallery in Paddington (1981). On the latter, Max Dupain commented '[i]t would be safe to say that this little exhibition of photographs is one of the most consequential of its kind we have witnessed for some time.' She also exhibited at the Studio Gallery in Brisbane (1982).\nWell into her eighties Jill Crossley continues to photograph and exhibit her work, with her exhibition at the Kerrie Lowe Gallery drawing praise from the art critic Robert McFarlane, who described her as 'a tenacious, talented, photographer.'\nIn 2013 her exhibition Beyond Looking opened at the Arthere gallery. This was followed by her Unreliable Witness exhibition, held at the Stanley Street gallery in Darlinghurst, NSW, 2015, and consisted of studies of the natural world, plants, the water, the style being an interplay of realism and abstraction.\nTechnical\nHer early camera was a 116 folding camera, in 1959 she used a Mamiyaflex and a Fujica camera. In recent years she has worked with a small digital camera with a zoom lens.\nCollections\nArt Gallery of New South Wales\nEdmund and Joanna Capon Research Library and Archive\nDeakin University\nPowerhouse Museum\nState Library of Queensland\nUniversity of Western Sydney\nState Library of Victoria\n", "Events": "Jill Crossley exhibited her work at the Kerrie Lowe Gallery. (2010 - 2010) \nJill Crossley exhibited her work in a Solo Exhibition (1981 - 1981) \nJill Crossley exhibited her work in a Solo Exhibition (1982 - 1982) \nJill Crossley featured her work in the Wilderness Exhibition (1981 - 1981) \nJill Crossley featured in Beyond Looking Photographs (2013 - 2013) \nJill Crossley featured in the Cumberland Art Show (1982 - 1982) \nJill Crossley featured in the Lady James Oswald Fairfax Memorial Competition (1983 - 1983) \nJill Crossley featured in the exhibition Jill Crossley Unrealiable Witness Headon Photo Festival (2015 - 2015) \nJill Crossley featured in the exhibition The Studio of Max Dupain (1997 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/up-close-and-botanical\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australias-craft-heritage-old-crafts-in-a-new-land-estonian-basketry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/posters-2-australia-clay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greek-rug-weaving-slide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-work-slide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodcraft-goes-to-the-opera-slide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodcraft-goes-to-the-opera-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/designing-your-rug-slide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dale-frank-university-gallery-the-university-of-melbourne-1-august-31-august-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leather-for-living-slide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photographs-for-the-book-hilda-rix-nicholas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-extension-of-identity-a-representative-collection-of-aboriginal-art\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jill-crossley\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-looking-in-the-analogue-age-of-post-war-australian-photography-jill-crossley-was-one-of-the-rare-female-spirits\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jill-crossley-unreliable-witness-headon-photo-festival\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jill-crossley-australian-art-and-artists-file\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Walley, Mavis", "Entry ID": "AWE5982", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/walley-mavis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carnamah, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Dowerin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Mavis Walley was a Ballardong Noongar Indigenous woman who lived in the southern parts of Western Australia. An amateur photographer, Walley documented the lives of the Aboriginal people with whom she lived on a reserve in Goomalling, taking thousands of photographs between the 1950s to 1970s. These images offer a significant and rare perspective within the historical archive - a view of Aboriginal life from an Aboriginal person that is neither anthropological nor ethnographic in style. Walley used a Box Brownie camera.\n", "Details": "Mavis Walley was a Ballardong Noongar Indigenous woman who lived in the southern parts of Western Australia. She photographed the lives of the Aboriginal people who lived with her on the reserve in Goomalling.\nShe was born on 26 May 1921. Her father was Martin Walley, a labourer, and her mother was Julia Reece. Mavis' grandfather on her mother's side was a white American named Edward Reece. He married an Aboriginal woman named Nancy Bangalan, who was from Esperance. Mavis's grandfather on her father's side was John Walley, who married an Aboriginal woman named Tundap, and both of them came from Bunbury. .However, Martin's mother's father was the son of a European man and an Aboriginal woman named Watbanga who had been living with her family at the Benedictine Mission in New Norcia (Biographical Dictionary, Carnamah Historical Society and Museum).\nIn 1945, Mavis married Hubert Earnest Phillips, and the couple went on to have 11 children. They lived and worked on the Smith family farm, where her husband worked as a slaughterman and Mavis helped out and raised their children until, like the rest of their community, they were moved to the Aboriginal reserve in Goomalling.\nIt is unclear as to when or how Mavis received a Box Brownie camera, and it is speculated that she may have been taking photographs as early as the 1930s. What is definitely known, however, is that despite not being able to read or write, she became an enthusiastic amateur photographer who took thousands of photographs of the people of the Goomalling community, where she lived in the 1950s to the 1970s. At that time it was practically unheard of for an Aboriginal person to own a camera. Her daughter, Dallas Phillips, said that Mavis took more than one thousand photographs during this period, of which 325 negatives have survived. These are now part of the Mavis Walley Collection, held at the State Library of Western Australia. All 325 images have been digitised. Her daughter has described her mother as 'walk[ing] around with her old camera and tak[ing] pictures. She didn't look through the eye piece, she just clicked away' (Laurie).\nMavis Walley's photographs are documentary in style. They are carefully and deliberately posed but they do not appear 'staged' or in any sense idealised. Rather, they capture her people as they really were in their daily lives. Subjects include 'women on wildflower-picking outings, beaming children in their Sunday best after their first Holy Communion, men chopping wood, a girl dreamily leaning on a car bonnet and healthy toddlers sitting in the scrub' (Laurie). Mavis may not have received any instruction in the use of the camera, nor the dark room, but she appears to have had a natural flair for composition, and her images tell stories of immense human interest, with many bespeaking a wicked sense of humour.\nThis is in contrast to those taken by the European photographers of the time, many of whom were missionaries or teachers. Damien Webb, the Indigenous liaison officer with the State Library of Western Australia, has noted that their photographs were ethnographic and anthropological in style and were 'agenda-laden,' depicting Aboriginal people in one of two ways: 'as traditional spirits or savages, or as people in missions, dressed to the nines and doing writing exercises' (Laurie). For the curators of the museum the most remarkable thing about the collection of Walley's photographs is that 'it offers a perspective rare in our historical archives: a view of Aboriginal life through the eyes of indigenous people' (The Australian). For the CAN community, the prime significance of the collection is that it has enabled many to 'reconnect with relatives' and to affirm the strength and resilience of their people. The photographs show precisely how much joy and fun existed in the community even when they were living at the reserve (The Australian).\nFor Mavis, life did not end on the reserve. In the mid-1970s it was closed and the Aboriginal community was moved on, this time to state houses with running water. And some were even able to claim pensions. Mavis Walley died in 1982, aged sixty-one.\nCollections\nMavis Walley (Phillips) Collection, State Library of Western Australia\n", "Events": "Active as amateur photographer (1940 - 1979)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mavis-walley-philips\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goomalling-yarns-rare-photographs-capture-life-on-an-aboriginal-reserve\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mavis-walley-collection-glimpse-of-indigenous-life-as-it-really-was-lived\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mavis-walley-collection-indigenous-life-before-ravages-of-welfare\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bunbury, Amelia", "Entry ID": "AWE5990", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bunbury-amelia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Busselton, Western Australia, Adelaide", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Horse breeder, Photographer", "Summary": "As well as for her photography, Amelia Bunbury was noted for her hand carved furniture and for her work as a horse breeder. Bunbury's amateur photographs document life on a remote station in Western Australia; her photography includes images of Aboriginal people living in the area that echo the conventions of anthropological photography of the time. She exhibited her work in Melbourne and was published in a number of Western Australian newspapers.\n", "Details": "Amelia Bunbury was born Amelia Matilda Pries in 1863. Her father was a merchant and owned a store in Busselton, Western Australia; the Pries family resided at 'Prospect Villa,' also in Busselton. In 1897, aged 34, she married Mervyn Cory Richardson-Bunbury, who was from an equally established pioneering family at Williambury (one thousand kilometres north of Perth), where he owned a station. The couple did not have any children.\nDuring the period 1900-1909 she studied woodcarving at the Perth Technical School, Western Australia, and became noted for her hand-carved furniture.\nIt is unclear as to how she became interested in photography or how she received training; she may have also studied photography at the Perth Technical School.\nShe moved to Williambury station with her husband and over the years photographed the everyday life of her surrounds, including the Aboriginal people living there. One of her photographs, Station Natives in Corroboree Costume 1910, echoes the approach taken by anthropological photographers of the time by its lining up 'natives' in ascending order, revealing no emotion at all, presumably following the instructions of the white woman in authority (Hall 29).\nBunbury was the only woman photographer from Western Australia to be included in the Exhibition of Women's Work,, 1907, held at the Exhibition Building, Melbourne. She published her photographs in a number of Perth newspapers using the pseudonym Coyarre and won a number of competitions run by the Western Mail during 1900-1910. Some of her photographs were used in the contemporary histories The Great North West and its Resources (1904) andBusselton and District.\nDuring her lifetime Amelia Bunbury loved horses and was said to have ridden her own horse up until the age of 83. She became a well-known horse breeder, with some of her horses winning the Perth Cup, Derby and Railway Stakes.\nFollowing the death of her husband in 1910, Amelia Bunbury left Williambury and returned to live at her family home in Busselton. She died in Perth, Western Australia, 1956, at the age of 93.\nCollections\nBattye Library, State Library of Western Australia.\nNelma Ley collection of photographs, State Library of Western Australia http:\/\/www.slwa.wa.gov.au\/pdf\/pictorial\/BA1902.pdf\nPrivate Collections\n", "Events": "Amelia Bunbury's work featured in the Exhibition of Women's Work (1907 - 1907)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/amelia-bunbury\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grandma-of-turf-dies-93\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-great-north-west-and-its-resources-the-undeveloped-heritage-of-western-australia-a-description-of-the-country-and-settlements-from-carnavon-to-broome\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Birmingham, Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE5993", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/birmingham-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Born into a wealthy, artistically inclined Western Australian family, Constance Birmingham studied painting before training as a photographer In London, with some of the leading photographers there at the time. Birmingham became a respected professional photographer specialising in portraiture, specialising in the photography of mothers and children. She died at the age of 80 in Perth.\n", "Details": "Constance Birmingham was born into a wealthy family in Perth, Western Australia. Her mother had an interest in painting, which influenced Constance's pursuit of painting at school. Constance received her first camera, a Box Brownie, before she started school and set up an improvised darkroom. Photography became a hobby for her, one which she shared with other girls at her school.\nIn 1936 Birmingham travelled to London and worked as a nurse for six months. She also journeyed throughout England and Scotland. Birmingham eventually enrolled in London's Regent Street Polytechnic, where she studied photography for a period of 12 months; she also attended seminars run by Kodak.\nBirmingham gained an apprenticeship with one of London's leading photographers, Katherine Iddon, and worked at her Baker Street studio. She said of her time with Iddon: 'I was in the top batch from the Polytechnic and the only apprentice she had at the time. It was a great honour and a tremendous experience' (Hall 71).\nDuring her time at the studio she gained experience in theatre work and the photography of mothers and children: 'We let the children play quietly, with music in the background, or would maybe tell them stories, then we would photograph them more or less unawares. I learnt it never paid to give orders to children - or anyone else for that matter' (Hall 71). In 1936 Birmingham returned to Perth, bringing back with her the latest in photographic trends from her three years abroad. She established her own studio at St Georges Terrace in the Colonial Mutual Building, and prior to its opening organised a solo exhibition of her portraiture to showcase her work.\nIn an interview reported by theTownsville Daily Bulletin in 1937 she noted that, 'London photographers were going in extensively for character work \u2026 and were trying to get away from the old-fashioned idea of retouching character from the face\u2026 Many women still prefer to look like smooth faced strangers in their photographs instead of letting the picture show their character.'\nBirmingham's studio was very successful and her portraits, largely of women and children, were described as possessing 'Rembrandt tones' (West Australian 1937). Much of her work was published in the 'prestigious Turners magazine' (Hall 71), The Sunday Times, and the Daily Mail, as well asThe West Australian newspaper, for which she also wrote a number of social interest articles.\nWhile in London she took part in a photographic exhibition and received an honourable mention for one of her photographs of a yawning lion cub. She also participated in the Exhibition of Modern Photography, which was organised by the Professional Photographers Association, Perth in 1937, and held a solo exhibition within her studio.\nBirmingham retired in 1940 and sold her camera to Mattie Hodgson. Barbara Hall suggests that Constance was greatly affected by 'the suicide of an acquaintance, who had jumped from the building her studio was in.' Birmingham began working as a nurse to support the war effort in 1940.\nShe continued her photography as a leisure activity and began making home movies in the 1950s, a practice she continued through to her late sixties.\nBirmingham did not marry but continued her work as a nurse, specialising in the care of children until her retirement in 1971, at the age of 62.\nTechnical\nBirmingham began using a Box Brownie camera and then moved on to a folding Kodak camera in 1926.\n", "Events": "Constance Birmingham exhibited her work at a London photographic exhibition, gaining an honourable mention for a Study of a Yawning Lion Cub. (1937 - 1938) \nConstance Birmingham's work featured in the Exhibition of Modern Photography orgnaised by the Professional Photographers Association of Western Australia (1937 - 1937) \nSolo exhibition of her portraiture (1937 - 1937)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-a-j-baird\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/exhibition-of-portraiture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hepzibahs-gossip\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurse-becomes-photographer-miss-birmingham\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/social-sphere-gossip\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-cameras-art-exhibition-of-modern-photography\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St John, Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE6001", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-john-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Dorothy St John was an amateur photographer who was trained by her father, a street photographer. Her photographs record the everyday life in rural Western Australia.\n", "Details": "Dorothy St John was born in 1907 to William St John and Catherine St John. She developed an interest in photography at an early age and was taught by her father who, on his return from the Boer War, worked as a street photographer in Perth. Her mother was skilled in needlework and this may well have influenced Dorothy in her own work.\nDorothy brought her own camera, a Kodak Brownie Junior 6-20 and a developing\/printing kit out of her own savings when she was fifteen years old.\nIn 1911 the family moved to Ongerup, near Albany, WA, where under the Closer Settlement Scheme they were able to buy land. The whole family worked hard to build up a farm that they named 'Hazelwood.' St. John recalled that '[t]here were so few interests in Ongerup. Perhaps the best memories \u2026were all the annual picnics at Easter and Christmas when all the settlers in the area would gather' (Hall 33).\nPhotography was an expressive outlet for St John; using her camera, Dorothy recorded the world around her, the land, life on the farm, and social events such as the Christmas and Easter annual picnics.\nIn 1926, Dorothy St John left Hazelwood at the age of 19, hoping to head to New Zealand. However, with the onset of the Depression the family lost the farm, so St John stayed in Australia (remaining in Melbourne) and gave up photography.\nTechnical\nDorothy St John used a Kodak Brownie Junior 6-20 and a developing\/printing kit.\nCollections\nPrivate Collections\nToowoomba Camera Club collection, John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland\n", "Events": "Active as amateur photographer (1922 - 1926)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kennedy, Jan", "Entry ID": "AWE6011", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kennedy-jan-2\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pingelly, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Nedland, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Jan Kennedy was best known for her photography of children, as well as for photographing society people, and for her cinematic work with Stuart Gore.\n", "Details": "Jan Kennedy was born Grace Webb in 1906. The Webb family lived in Pingelly, Western Australia, and the children were educated there. Both father and mother were originally from Sydney, where her father had been a chartered accountant and her mother a milliner.\nKennedy had a romantic nature and loved poetry, ballet and photography. In particular, she was fond of using oil paints to tint her photographs. When she turned 18 she moved to Perth and worked with the photographer Axel Poignant at his Hay Street studio (which subsequently moved to London Court, off the Hay Street Mall). The studio specialised in child photography and photography of women. Working at the studio she became proficient in all aspects of photography, including camera use, tinting, and darkroom work. During the war years she took over the Axel Poignant Studio and changed her name from Grace Webb to Jan Kennedy.\nThe press admired Kennedy's photographs for their human element, 'in which character and expression are important pictorial features \u2026 Many of her subjects possess the power of suggesting emotion by facial expression' (The West Australian). She became well known for her photographs of children and society people, and exhibited her work in international photography salons held in Germany, South Africa, Britain, India and Belgium.\nKennedy married the photographer Stuart Gore, who was known for his aerial photographs and pictorial landscapes. The couple collaborated on projects and made a number of documentary films. These documentaries were the first sound and colour films to be made in Western Australia.\nGore and Kennedy travelled across Australia for eight months and produced the See Australia First film series, which depicted the Great Barrier Reef, the pearling industry, life on cattle stations, and aspects of Aboriginal tribal life. These films were independently funded and produced, and subsequently screened in many locations around Australia, including at the Derby Leprosarium. The couple received a great deal of press coverage for their work at the time.\nGore and Kennedy also toured the films across America, England and South Africa. In 1950 the couple successfully sold them to the London County Council Film Education Board and Green Lanes Film Productions in the UK.\nDuring their time in London, Kennedy worked at studios in the West End where she tinted photographs and painted miniatures.\nIn 1968 the couple returned to Australia. In 1981 she died of leukaemia at the age of 75.\nTechnical\nJan Kennedy used a Leica camera for her 'at home' pictures of children, and used an Aldis lens on a quarter plate reflex camera with which she produced her best work.\nShe was interested in cinema and experimented with colour, including Finlay colour, Dufay colour, as well as a Kodachrome movie camera.\nCollections\nStuart Gore Collection, State Library of Western Australia\nState Records Office, Battye Library, State Library of Western Australia\n", "Events": "Jan Kennedy exhibited her work in international photography salons held in Germany, South Africa, Britain, India and Belgium. (1899 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/filming-west-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/filming-way-round-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/see-australia-first\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/skill-with-camera\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Falls, Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE6013", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/falls-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Joy Falls was a commercial photographer whose professional work was primarily based in Sydney. Falls was the earliest woman photographer to have worked with colour processing in Australia.\n", "Details": "Joy Falls was born in Perth in 1913 to parents who were 'teacher[s] and educationalist[s]' (Hall 116). She attended the Claremont Teachers' College and went onto study at the University of Western Australia. In 1937 she married Geoffrey Paton Falls, a scientist. Initially the couple lived in Canberra, where Joy worked for an accountant.\nThree years later they moved to Sydney. Here Joy began working as a professional photographer; she was 27 years old at the time. It is not known where Falls was trained or what experience she had when she commenced work in this profession. However, by 1940 she had opened a photography studio with Louise St Evans Krips (who was married to Henri Krips the conductor), at Spit Road in Mosman. The studio operated until 1942. Falls then purchased another studio in King Street in Newtown, and the pair moved their business there.\nDuring this period she also started working from her home in Darling Road, Balmain, operating under the name Paton Dace Photography. It was at this time (1944) that Falls began experimenting with colour. In effect, she was the earliest woman to work with colour processing in Australia, only two years after it had been introduced in England.\nIn 1951 Falls travelled to Spain for a year. Following this she went to London, where she worked for the picture press agency Photo-Union. Falls managed its colour film processing laboratory for six months. Accompanied by her husband, she returned to Australia in 1953 and continued her photography work in Sydney. Falls opened her own colour processing laboratory in 1956.\nFalls specialised in using an Italian product called Ferrania, and established a successful business called Colourlab, in Darlinghurst. She went to Milan in 1957 on the invitation of Ferrania to attend a three month course there. The following year she went to Germany to the Wiesbaden colour film plant.\nFalls closed her business in 1962 and moved back to Western Australia, where she devoted herself to the conservation movement. She continued to take photographs; these consisted largely of portraits, and nature studies in black and white.\n", "Events": "Active as a commercial photographer. (1940 - 1989)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Watkins, Susan Jennifer", "Entry ID": "AWE6037", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watkins-susan-jennifer\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Susan Jennifer Watkins was a prominent Western Australian photographer. Watkins is said to be the first Western Australian woman to work on photography autonomously. She was highly regarded for her stylish portraiture.\n", "Details": "Susan Jennifer Watkins was born in Perth, 1912, and attended the St. Mary's Church of England Girl's School. During 1930, at the age of 18, she travelled to England to join her family, who had moved there following her father's retirement after working at the Royal Perth Mint. Whilst in England she had aspirations of becoming a doctor but was unable to follow this career path due to financial constraints. Instead, Watkins studied journalism and secretarial studies at the Constance Hoster Secretarial College.\nWatkins's exposure to photography initially came from her brother, who was a keen amateur photographer, and later during her time working as a secretary for two directors of an American photographic company. Watkins was inspired by the work of the famous photographer Dorothy Wildings, who was known for her photographs of the Royal family.\nWatkins managed to secure a placement at the Dorothy Wilding studio, one of only four other students. During her time at the studio she was taught mounting, finishing, retouching, darkroom techniques and operating work. Watkins was given the use of one of the studios for two hours each day to practice her skills; this work would then be critiqued by Wilding. Following her five years of training at the studio, Watkins stayed on for a further year, working both as an operator and an assistant. During this time she assisted Wilding in her portrait of Bernard Shaw.\nIn 1934 Watkins returned to Perth and set up her own a studio in St. George's Terrace with the financial support of her family and a friend. She painted her studio white and had a standardised fee schedule for each sitting. This was very unusual for the times. On average, Watkins would complete three sittings per day, and aimed to capture a 'true likeness' of her sitters. She stated that '[o]ne must feel instinctively what is vital and significant, and, by judicious selection of viewpoint, deliberate placing, [and] skilful manipulation of light, make the eye of the camera one's submissive agent and interpreter' (Hall 112).\nWatkins artistic principles are evidenced in her photographs Mr E.W. Grigg, 1935, and Man in profile, which are marked by the strong contrasts she created with the use of deep shadows, dark backgrounds, and a spotlight effect on key features of the face. On the other hand, her portrait of Miss Patricia Bird, 1949, used an overall softness and lightness that brought out her character. Bird was positioned sitting with her hands cupping her face, drawing the viewer in.\nWatkins initially operated her studio on her own, but as she became more successful was able to employ and train other women to work with her. Included among those she trained include the professional photographers Jill Crossley and Mattie Hodgson. Hodgson stepped in to run Watkins's studio in 1939 for six months due to Watkins's exhaustion, which had been caused by the high volume of studio work.\nWatkins's clientele was largely made up of well-known Western Australians, as well as some international celebrities. As she gained recognition for her high standards, she was invited to join the Professional Photographers Association in 1937, and became a member of the Royal Photographic Society of London. This membership lasted until 1981, although she did not participate in any of their exhibitions. Instead, Watkins periodically organised her own exhibitions, which she mounted within her studio. These received coverage in the local press. Her photographs were published in The West Australian, The Daily News and The Sunday Times.\nIn 1946 Watkins married Gerald Hughes and by 1949 the couple decided to run the photographic studio together. This enabled Watkins to spend more time with their children. By 1958 the couple were able to move the studio to their house, at which point Watkins took over the business again until her retirement in 1978.\nSusan Watkins died in 2006.\nTechnical\nSusan Watkins worked with orthochromatic (hypochromatic) film.\nCollections\nJohn Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, Curtin University\nState Library of Western Australia\n", "Events": "Susan Watkins held a number of solo exhibitions in her studio. (1935 - 1978) \nSusan Watkins' work featured in the Exhibition of Modern Photography, organised by the Professional Photographers Association of Western Australia (1937 - 1937)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/art-of-the-camera-seen-in-fine-studio-exhibition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personalities-among-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-photographs-when-susan-watkins-weds\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-story-of-the-camera-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-susan-watkins-photographer-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Balbuk, Fanny", "Entry ID": "AWE6109", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/balbuk-fanny\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Heirisson Island, Swan River, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist", "Summary": "Fanny Balbuk was a prominent Noongar woman and an informant on Noongar culture and history to anthropologist Daisy Bates. She is renowned for protesting at Government House about the occupation of her traditional land around Perth.\nThe information which Fanny Balbuk passed on to Daisy Bates played an important role in the native title claim of 19 September 2006, whereby Justice Wilcox of the Federal Court of Australia found that Noongar people held native title rights over parts of the Perth area.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-daisy-bates-1833-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1907-1940-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rodriguez, Judith Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE6131", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rodriguez-judith-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Poet", "Summary": "After completing a Master of Arts at Cambridge University, Judith Rodriguez taught English at La Trobe University from 1969 until 1985. In 1986 she was writer-in-residence at Rollins College, Florida. Judith took up a lectureship in writing at Victoria College in 1989 (which became part of Deakin University in 1993) where she continued to teach until her retirement in 2003.\nJudith published her first poetry collection in 1962 as part of Four Poets, with the others being David Malouf, Rodney Hall and Don Maynard. In 1973 she published her first solo collection, Nu-Plastik Fanfare Red: and other poems.\nWater Life (1976) won the inaugural South Australian Biennial Literature Prize in 1978, while one of Rodriguez's most highly-regarded collections, Mudcrab at Gambaro's (1980) received both the Sydney PEN Golden Jubilee Award for Poetry and the Artlook\/Shell Literary Award in 1981.\nJudith is also known for her poems about women's experiences; the title poem of Witch Heart (1982), published by the feminist press Sisters, records a visit to Robyn Archer's play about the often disastrous lives of famous women performers.\nIn 1994 she was made a Member of the Order of Australia, for services to literature, and also received the FAW Christopher Brennan Award.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1988-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/literary-papers-1969-1981-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fitzpatrick, Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE6178", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fitzpatrick-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Commentator, Writer", "Details": "Kate Fitzpatrick graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in 1967 and has since performed in a variety of theatre, film and television roles.\nIn the 1980s, Kate wrote a column in the Sydney Morning Herald. She has also published three books. In 1983 Kate became the first female cricket commentator when she covered the 1983-1984 Test series for the Nine Network.\nKate spent four years working as a speech writer for the NSW Arts Minister and served two terms on the NIDA board. She was awarded the Queens Jubilee Medal for services to the theatre.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-kate-fitzpatrick-1947-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kate-fitzpatrick-interviewed-by-james-waites-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-kate-fitzpatrick-actress-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Templeman, Romola", "Entry ID": "AWE6183", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/templeman-romola\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Painter", "Summary": "Romola studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in London from 1953 to 1955, followed by a year of study at the University of Western Australia where she became a medical artist. Romola held her first solo exhibition at the age of twenty-one, at Perth's Skinner Galleries, in 1959.\nRomola won the Claude Hotchin Prize and also the Helen Rubinstein Portrait Prize (1960). She was the former director and art consultant of Molongolo Press.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-romola-templeman-1940-circa-1989-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-romola-templeman-artist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ian-templeman-circa-1990-2011-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/romola-templeman-art-artist-files-australia-and-new-zealand-romola-templeman\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dicks, Robin Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6232", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dicks-robin-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South PerthSouth Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Pilot", "Details": "Robin Elizabeth Miller was born on 7 December 1940, to parents Dame Mary Durack and Captain Horace (Horatio) Clive Miller. After completing her education at Loreto Convent, Nedlands, Robin trained as a nurse at the Royal Perth Hospital. She graduated in 1962, winning the State nurses' medical prize and by 1964 she was a triple-certificated nurse at St Anne's Hospital, Mount Lawley. With encouragement from her future husband, Harold Dicks (honorary president of the Western Australia branch of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia), Robin upgraded her private pilot's licence - which she had obtained in 1962 - to a commercial one in 1966.\nIn 1967, after purchasing a plane and obtaining permission from the Department of Health, Robin set off to north and north-western Australia to administer the Sabin polio vaccine. The local Aboriginal children often referred to Robin as 'the tchooger bird lady' ('Sugar bird lady') because of the sugar cubes the oral vaccine was administered on. By the time she had completed the immunisation programme in October 1969, Robin had administered over 37,000 doses of vaccine and had flown 69,200 km.\nRobin was awarded a diploma of merit by the Associazione Nazionale Infermieri, Mantova, Italy in 1969 and received the Nancy Bird (Walton) award in 1970.\nDespite the initial hostility of male doctors, Robin regularly flew aircraft for the Royal Flying Doctor Service. In 1971 she produced a book about her career, titled Flying Nurse.\nOn April 4, 1973, Robin married Harold Dicks in Canberra. In the same year she competed in the Powder Puff 'Derby', a trans-America race for female pilots.\nSadly Robin passed away in December 1975 after being diagnosed with Cancer. She was 35 years of age.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-robin-miller-dicks-1943-1978-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-robin-miller-dicks-nurse-with-the-royal-flying-doctor-service-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Manly, Alexandra", "Entry ID": "AWE6304", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manly-alexandra\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Cyclist", "Summary": "Alexandra Manly won a gold medal in the 4000m Team Pursuit at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Cycling (Track) - Member of the 4000m Team Pursuit (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Seymour, Lynne", "Entry ID": "AWE6310", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seymour-lynne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Lawn Bowler", "Summary": "Lynne Seymour won a gold medal in the Lawn Bowls Mixed B2\/B3 Pairs at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Lawn Bowls - Member of the Mixed B2\/B3 Pairs (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Throssell, Brianna", "Entry ID": "AWE6314", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/throssell-brianna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Swimmer", "Summary": "Brianna Throssell won a gold medal in the 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.\n", "Events": "Swimming - 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay (2018 - 2018)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baker Clinch, Sally", "Entry ID": "AWE6333", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-clinch-sally\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist", "Summary": "Journalist Sally Baker Clinch worked as a feature writer for the Sunday Sun and also as an assistant editor for Women's Day.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sally-baker-clinch-circa-1959-2005-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Feilman, Margaret Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE6382", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feilman-margaret-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Architect, Town planner", "Summary": "Margaret Anne Feilman was Perth's first female town planner and a founding member of the Western Australia (WA) Town Planning Institute in 1950. Throughout her career, Margaret helped to establish the WA State Trust, was an inaugural Commissioner of the Australian Heritage Commission and was Chairman of the WA Town Planning Board. She was also a pioneer in heritage conservation techniques. On 13 June 13 1981, Margaret was awarded an Order of the British Empire medal 'in recognition of service to architecture and conservation'.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-feilman-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bennett, Ivy Verna Peace", "Entry ID": "AWE6618", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennett-ivy-verna-peace\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wagin, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America", "Occupations": "Clinical psychologist, Psychoanalyst", "Summary": "Ivy Verna Peace Bennett, who trained with the London Institute, was the first 'lay' psychoanalyst in Australia. She practiced In Australia from 1952 to 1958.\n", "Details": "Ivy Bennett was born in Wagin, Western Australia, in 1919, the second youngest of six children born to Mary and Ern Bennett. She grew up at Lake Grace, in Ballardong boodja country some thirty kilometes away. With a small population of several families in 1920, Lake Grace a Western Australian Wheat Belt town, is 345 kilometres from Perth along State Route 107. It is the main town in the Shire of Lake Grace. Her first school was the local one teacher school. At the age of twelve she won a scholarship to Albany High School where she became a boarder. She matriculated to the University of Western Australia and subsequent scholarships funded her degree in Modern Literature.\nA chance encounter with Experimental Psychology when she was employed in a summer job as a Reader for the University of Western Australia's Professor of Education, Robert Cameron, changed her career direction. In 1943 she completed her Master's degree, 'Some Aspects of the A Social Behaviour of Pre School Children' under the supervision of Dr Lionel Fowler, head of the Department of Psychology. Simultaneously she was appointed as a lecturer on Dr Fowler's staff. She became involved in the Department's Child Guidance Clinic supervised by a Scottish Psychiatrist, Dr Murdoch from the Heathcote Mental Hospital. She gathered experience in vocational psychology work for the RAAF, participated in a research project examining the effects of Rubella in pregnancy on unborn children and worked with returning War Veterans at Western Command General Hospital.\nIn 1943 she was awarded a Hackett Scholarship and intended to study Child Psychology with Florence Goodenough at the University of Minnesota. However, the monetary exchange rate during wartime rendered that plan unviable. Her first application for a British Council Scholarship in 1944 was rejected because she was too young. She reapplied successfully the following year and, on 1 January 1946, departed for Britain.\nHer plans to find a venue for further study were hampered by post war conditions. However, Anna Freud, to whom Bennett was introduced by another Australian expat psychologist, Ruth Thomas, included Bennett in her first training program at the Hampstead Clinic in 1947. Under the supervison of Kate Friedlander, a follower of Anna Freud, Bennett commenced research for her doctorate, later published as Neurotic and Delinquent Children. Bennett worked with children who had come to Anna Freud's Clinic from Belsen and Thereisenstadt after the War and was a regular attendee of Anna Freud's \"Wednesday Meetings\". Bennett also commenced training at the London Institute of Psychoanalysis and in 1951 gained Associate Membership of the British Psychoanalytical Society.\nIn 1952 Bennett fulfilled her goal of returning to Australia and established her psychoanalytic practice at 32 Bellevue Terrace near Kings Park, thus becoming the first BPAS accredited lay analyst in Australia. She attended and presented at meetings of the Melbourne and Sydney Institutes of Psychoanalysis. Bennett also became a founding Member of the Australian Association of Psychoanalysts, which was established in December 1952. In Perth, Bennett conducted reading groups and seminars for members of the medical and psychology professions.\nNancy Stewart, a local psychologist, travelled to England, with Bennett's support, to train with Anna Freud. However isolation from the Melbourne and Sydney centres, and it appears, lack of support from medically qualified colleagues led to her decision to return to Britain for further training. Her plans were also changed by her decision to marry and emigrate to the United States of America in 1962. Her husband, Eric H. Gwynne-Thomas (1917-2008), was an English-born educational scientist. Three years later she moved with him and their daughter, Elizabeth, to Kansas, where her husband became Professor of Education at the University of Missouri - Kansas City (UMKC). Ivy Bennett Gwynne-Thomas became a member of the Topeka Psychoanalytic Society, and in 1965 she was a founding member of the Greater Kansas City Psychoanalytic Society. From 1968 to 1980 she taught at the UMKC Medical School.\nRetired since 1993, Ivy Bennett died from leukaemia at the age of 92 on 2 December 2011.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Litchfield, Ruby Beatrice", "Entry ID": "IMP0038", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/litchfield-ruby-beatrice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Community worker, Director", "Summary": "Ruby Litchfield was appointed as a Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 13 June 1981 for service to the performing arts and the community. She had earlier been appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil), on 1 January 1959, for social welfare.\n", "Details": "Ruby Beatrice Litchfield (n\u00e9e Skinner) was born in Subiaco, Western Australia on 5 September 1912. She died on 14 August 2001. She grew up in Adelaide, attended North Adelaide Primary School and Presbyterian Girls' College. Litchfield's work and interests spanned theatre, tennis, and service to many community and charity organisations. She directed 35 plays for the Adelaide Repertory Theatre up until 1983, and acted in several plays. She was South Australian hard-court tennis champion three years in a row (1932-1935), and President of the Sportswomen's Association from 1969-1974. Litchfield was the first woman appointed to the Board of the Adelaide Festival Trust (1971). She was also a board member of the Adelaide Festival of Arts and chair of the Youth Performing Arts Council. \nHer involvement in the community and charity sectors included services for the Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital, the Kidney Foundation, the Red Cross Society (South Australia), the Crippled Children's Association, the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research Foundation and the Regency Park Centre for Young Disabled.\nFor her community work, Litchfield was appointed OBE (1959). She was later awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal (1977). Litchfield was further honoured in 1981, being appointed DBE, this time for service to the performing arts and the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-world-whos-who-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s-a-s-greats-the-men-and-women-of-the-north-terrace-plaques\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-champion-of-the-arts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-ruby-a-person-for-the-people\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Norris, Dame Ada May", "Entry ID": "IMP0045", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Greenbushes, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Armadale Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Ada May Norris, n\u00e9e Bickford was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne, where she graduated BA Dip. Ed. In 1924. In 1929 she married John Norris. From 1951, Ada Norris was involved in numerous committees and organisations promoting women, multiculturalism, children and immigration.\nAda Norris was appointed Officer of the British Empire (10 June 1954) and Dame Commander of the of the British Empire on 12 June 1976 for distinguished community service. On 14 June 1969 Norris was awarded the Order of St Michael and St George - Commanders while President of the National Council of Women.\n", "Details": "Ada Norris was president of the National Council of Women of Australia 1967-1970 and was responsible for the reversion to its original name in 1970, but, for decades before and after her presidency, she was a force for change in the National Councils and the wider Australian community. She served as honorary secretary in Ivy Brookes' innovative Board of Directors 1948-1952, following her president's lead in becoming involved at a national level with status of women issues and migration reform. Positions as convenor of migration for NCW Victoria and then for ANCW led to her appointment as vice-convenor of migration with the International Council of Women. She was a leading member of the Good Neighbour Council of Victoria, and in 1950 of the Commonwealth Immigration Advisory Council, serving on this for more than 20 years, always as an advocate of humane and measured reform. Within the NCW, she took a leading role in national campaigns on a wide range of matters concerning the status of women, including in particular equal pay and equality within marriage. This experience led to her appointment as Australia's official delegate to the United Nations Status of Women Commission (CSW) over an unprecedented 3 sessions, from 1961 to 1963. She was president of the United Nations Association of Australia's Victorian division 1961-1971, and chaired the national committee for International Women's Year and the Committee for the Decade of Women. In 1969, she was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, the first Australian woman so appointed, and in 1976 Dame Commander of the British Empire.\nAda May Norris was born on 28 July 1901 at Greenbushes, WA, daughter of H.A. Bickford, and grand-daughter of the Reverend E.S. Bickford, a leader in the Methodist church. The family moved to her father's home state of Victoria while Ada was a child.\nAda Norris was educated at Birchip State School, Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne, where she graduated with a BA and Dip. Ed. in 1924 and MA in 1926. She taught at Leongatha and Melbourne High Schools, but resigned in 1929 to marry lawyer John Gerald Norris, later a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. The couple had two daughters, Rosemary and Jane.\nAda Norris took up voluntary work while her children were still in primary school - an unusual step for women of her class and generation. In his eulogy on her death, her son-in-law noted that 'a trained and restless mind, and a degree of ambition, was not to be satisfied by the cares of managing a house, children and a husband - she wanted to play a part in the wider community also'. He might have added that her role there would always be shaped by a pragmatic idealism committed to justice and equality.\nAda Norris's first concern was for children in need. She joined the Children's Hospital Auxiliary, then became secretary to the newly established Victorian Society for Crippled Children. In 1941, she became the VSCC's delegate to the National Council of Women of Victoria, and almost immediately took on the job of secretary for that organisation. In 1944, she became a vice-president of NCW Victoria, and, in the same year, foundation secretary of the Advisory Council for the Physically Handicapped, the forerunner of the Australian Council for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled. She later served as president(1955-1957) and vice-president (1957-1962) of this organisation. She continued to work for the Victorian Society for Crippled Children and Adults until the 1970s, becoming its patron and historian. Her concern for children's growth and development also led to the foundation in 1954 of the Victorian Children's Book Council, where she served as president and then national president in 1960.\nFrom the 1950s, Ada Norris developed expertise and leadership in three other key areas of Australian public life - ageing, immigration, and status of women's issues - the last two at national and international levels. Her major platform for these activities was the National Council of Women; she was president of NCW Victoria 1951-1954, honorary secretary of the national body 1948-1952, and national president 1967-1970. In 1951, she proposed and helped initiate the establishment of an 'Old People's Welfare Council', later renamed the Victorian Council for the Ageing, which worked to set up government-funded support for home help for the elderly, hot meals and recreation centres. She continued to work as a vice-president of this council until 1980, her own 80th year.\nIn 1950, Norris was appointed convenor of NCW Victoria's Migration Standing Committee, and, late in the same year, she took on the same role at national level. In 1952, she accepted the position of vice-convenor of migration with the International Council of Women, and held all three positions until 1966 when she relinquished her national responsibilities to become the ICW convenor of migration. Through these roles, she became a leading member of the Good Neighbour Council of Victoria, and later of the Commonwealth Immigration Advisory Council. She served on the Commonwealth council for more that 20 years, at a time of great change in Australia's immigration policies, and was always a force for humane and inclusive policy and practice. She worked on its subcommittees like the Committee on Migrant Women and the Committee on Migrant Centres and Hostels, and acted as its deputy chair from 1968 to 1971. She had perhaps more expertise on local, national and international migration issues than any Australian of her generation.\nAda Norris was similarly committed to and expert on issues relating to the inequality of men and women. Within the NCW, she took a leading role in national campaigns on a wide range of matters to do with the status of women, including equal pay, rights before the law, representation on public bodies, both national and international, laws with regard to marriage and divorce, and access to all forms of education and work for all women, married or not. In the case of equal pay, for example, Norris led the NCW to a policy of intervening in Arbitration Court decisions in the interests of women workers - a practice that finally achieved limited success in 1974. Her knowledge and determination on these matters was nurtured by her appointment as Australia's official delegate to the United Nations Status of Women Commission (CSW) over an unprecedented 3 sessions, from 1961 to 1963. Her international experience strengthened her concern for Australia's role in the Pacific, and, as president of NCW Australia, she established an appeals committee to raise funds for a women's hall of residence at the University of Papua New Guinea.\nEngagement with CSW also led Ada Norris to wider United Nations activism in Australia; she was president of the United Nations Association of Australia's Victorian division 1961-1971, and, with her CSW, ICW and NCWA experience, she was an obvious choice to chair the UNAA national committee for International Women's Year 1974-1976, and the Committee for the Decade of Women until 1980.\nAda Norris was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in June 1954 and Dame Commander of the British Empire in June 1976 for distinguished community service. In June 1969, she was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, the first Australian woman so appointed. She was also awarded the UN Peace Medal in 1975 and, in 1980, Melbourne University honoured her with a Doctorate of Laws.\nDame Ada was also a historian. She published a history of the Victorian Society for Crippled Children and Adults, The Society, in 1974 and in 1978 a history of the National Council of Women of Victoria, Champions of the Impossible.\n'It is from the champions of the impossible rather than the slaves of the possible that creative evolution draws its force'.\nPrepared by: Jan Hipgrave, Marian Quartly and Judith Smart\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nUNAA Committee for the Decade for Women (1976 - 1980) \nUNAA National Committee for Internationa Women's Year (1974 - 1976) \nUnited Nations Association of Australia (Victoria) (1961 - 1971) \nUnited Nations Status of Women Commission (Official Australian Delegate) (1961 - 1963)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champions-of-the-impossible-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-society-being-some-account-of-the-victorian-society-for-crippled-children-and-adults\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unna-victoria-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-dame-ada-norris\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-norris-1901-1989-champion-of-the-impossible\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-norris-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Roe, Raigh Edith", "Entry ID": "IMP0050", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roe-raigh-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Raigh Roe was appointed Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1979 for services to women. A member of the Country Women's Association since the age of 18, Roe became Branch President, Western Australian State President and National President. In 1977 she was elected World President of the Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW), representing almost nine million women in 74 countries. That year she also was named Australian of the Year.\n", "Events": "Appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1975 - 1975) \nAppointed Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1979 - 1979) \nAustralian of the Year (1977 - 1977) \nDeputy Chairman of the 150th Anniversary Celebrations of Western Australia (1979 - 1979) \nHonorary Life Member of the Country Women's Association (1972 - 1972) \nInternational Officer of the Country Women's Association (1961 - 1964) \nInvolved in farming (1942 - 1972) \nMarried James Roe, they were to have three sons. (1941 - 1941) \nNational Co-ordinator of the Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW) World Conference (1974 - 1974) \nNational President of the Country Women's Association (1969 - 1971) \nState President of the Country Women's Association of Western Australia (Inc) (1967 - 1970) \nWorld President of the Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW) World Conference (1977 - 1980)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-raigh-roe-dbe-b-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-no-milkmaid-a-biography-of-dame-raigh-roe-d-b-e\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-raigh-roe-interviewed-by-gail-ohanlon-in-the-australians-of-the-year-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-raigh-roe-president-of-the-associated-country-women-of-the-world-1978-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McClemans, Sheila Mary", "Entry ID": "IMP0063", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcclemans-sheila-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Director, Lawyer, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Sheila Mary McClemans pioneered entry into the legal profession for Western Australian women. Throughout her life, in addition to her legal career, Sheila held a range of high-level positions, including director of the Women's Royal Naval Service, and became the role model for many Australian women inside and outside the armed forces. During her lifetime Sheila's efforts never received the full recognition they deserved within the legal profession. She was denied the traditional rewards of QC, Judge or Dame. The Commonwealth, however, recognised the value of her service to the law and women's affairs, appointing her an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1951 and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1977. She was also awarded the Silver Jubilee Medal (SJM) in 1977.\n", "Details": "I suppose that at the end of the day, it was, for lawyers, her professionalism which was her most outstanding attribute and it was that uncompromising and uncompromised professionalism which was the true source of her capacity to lead and to influence. She served the law and through the law she served ordinary men and women with an unswerving devotion \u2026 I am sure that at the end of her life she still saw herself as a debtor to her profession. And we are indebted to her.'\nSir Francis Burt, Brief, vol. 15, 5, July 1988.\nSheila Mary McClemans once threw a bucket of water over a naked couple she found making out in a convertible parked outside her house. 'That is what we do to dogs around here' she admonished, or so the story goes. Throughout her life, Sheila Mary McClemans lived by her own set of values. She was not someone who followed the rules ascribed for women, but neither did she dedicate herself to fighting the 'feminist' fight. Sheila defended women's rights if it helped her realise her own goals but she never considered herself a 'feminist'. Even so, early on in Sheila's career, male contemporaries who deplored her 'unfeminine chain-smoking and feminist ways' were quick to saddle her with the sobriquet 'Hard-as-nails McClemans'.\nSheila McClemans was the third of five daughters born to Ada Lucy Walker, the first wife of William Joseph McClemans. She was born in Claremont, Western Australia on 3 May 1909. Sheila's childhood was not an easy one. Abandoned by their alcoholic father, Sheila and her sisters were raised by their mother who was forced to work a variety of jobs and to take in boarders to make ends meet. Sheila learnt compassion for others at an early age as well as how to rely on her own resources to achieve her goals.\nAfter a series of financial and bureaucratic struggles to gain entry and complete her studies, Sheila was one of the first graduates of the law school at the University of WA in 1930 - all four graduates of the class of 1930 were female: Margaret Battye, Mary Kathleen Hartney, Mary Connor Kingston and Sheila. In 1933 Sheila was admitted to the Bar. The following year, unable to find work in a law firm, Sheila and her friend Molly Kingston formed a partnership and set up the first all woman law firm in Western Australia. After a short period as a practising solicitor, however, Sheila decided to redirect her energies to assisting the war effort. She joined the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) where her excellent leadership and administrative skills were soon recognised and rewarded. After her time in WRANS, Sheila returned once again to the legal profession, and in the 1950s and 1960s ran a solo practice, often working for nothing to help those in need if the circumstances warranted it.\nSheila pioneered entry into legal practice for Western Australian women and filled a range of high level positions, including, director of WRANS, national president of the Australian Federation of University Women, secretary of the Western Australia Law Society, foundation member of the Western Australia Legal Aid Commission; the State Parole Board, and the WA committee administering the Commonwealth Canteens Trust Fund. And yet, the legal world denied Sheila the traditional rewards of QC, Judge or Dame. As Supreme Court Judge, Antoinette Kennedy decreed, 'It was a lifetime of commitment that went largely unrewarded'. Biographer, Lloyd Davies, similarly notes: 'Sheila's aberration was to be born a female at a time and in a place when that entailed many disadvantages both by convention and law - particularly within the legal profession itself'. Sheila's tireless work was, however, eventually recognised by the Commonwealth. For her service to the law and to women's affairs, Sheila was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1951 and a Companion of the Order of St Michael & St George (CMG) in 1977. She was also awarded the Silver Jubilee Medal (SJM) in 1977.\nSheila married Frank Morrison Kenworthy (1899-1976) in 1949. She was to outlive her husband and all of her sisters. Lilly, her youngest sister, died in 1977. The following decade the remaining four McClemans sisters all died in a period spanning less than two years. Sheila died in Dalkeith, Western Australia, on 10 June 1988.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/case-of-the-conservative-sheila-and-the-lefty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kenworthy-sheila-mary-ran-mrs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sheila-a-biography-of-sheila-mary-mcclemans\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/foreword\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/london-gazette\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commonwealth-of-australia-gazette\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/review-of-review-of-lloyd-davies-2000-sheila-a-biography-of-sheila-mary-mcclemans\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcclemans-sheila-mary-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-r-a-n-s-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ships-belles-the-story-of-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-in-war-and-peace-1941-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-our-wartime-chief\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-life-of-a-distaff-legal-pioneer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/members-of-the-first-wrans-officer-training-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-sheila-mcclemans-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Anstey, Olive Eva", "Entry ID": "IMP0071", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anstey-olive-eva\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Olive Eva Anstey was born in Perth in 1920. Against her mother's judgment, Olive pursued her desire to become a nurse, completing her general training at Royal Perth Hospital. Olive eventually became a top nursing administrator who was well respected and admired for the compassion and leadership qualities she brought to her chosen profession. Throughout her career Olive was a staunch advocate for better working conditions and pay for nurses, working on various committees with the goal of obtaining recognition of nursing as a profession. She was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1969 and in 1982 was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for her service to nursing.\n", "Details": "Olive Eva Anstey's mother couldn't understand why her daughter wanted to abandon her relatively well-paid career as a bookkeeper for Betts and Betts, to become a nurse. 'When my mother heard she thought I was nuts,' Olive said. But the desire to be a nurse would not be quashed and Olive quit her pen-pushing job and a dramatic cut in salary to become a student nurse. She recalls that the conditions and facilities for nurses and patients alike were not very good. And neither was she good at obeying rules that she thought were senseless:\n'I must admit I didn't take too kindly to the discipline. We had to stand up straight with our hands behind our backs when we spoke to a nurse the station above us on the hierarchic ladder\u2026 I was a bit of a rebel and used to spend a fair bit of time on the assistant matron's doorstep.'\nWhen Olive eventually became a top nursing administrator she was one of the first to relax the regimentation but not the standards of nursing. She quickly earned the respect and admiration of nurses, although throughout her life remained surprised that she rose to the top, where she had a reputation for being a compassionate leader.\nBorn in Perth, Western Australia on 9 August 1920, Olive was educated at St Patricks College and Perth Technical College. She later completed her general nursing training at Royal Perth Hospital and then undertook a midwifery course at the Royal Hospital for Women in Sydney. She worked at Riverton Hospital, the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and the Public Health Hospital in South Australia before being appointed first matron of the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (then Perth Chest Hospital) in July 1958 - it was a position she would hold until her retirement in December 1981.\nThroughout her nursing career Olive was a staunch advocate for better working conditions and pay for nurses. She worked tirelessly on various committees with the goal of obtaining recognition of nursing as a profession to be valued. These include the Council of the Royal Australian Nursing Federation (Western Australia) where she served variously as a council member; as vice-president; as president; and as senior vice-president. She also served as senior vice-president and then president of the Federal Committee of RANF and as a member of the Florence Nightingale Committee (Western Australia). She also represented Australia at some of the council meetings of International Council of Nurses in Frankfurt-am-Main.\nIn 1969 Olive was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) and in 1982 was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 1974, as a tribute to her lifelong contribution to nursing, a multi-storey building, Anstey House, was named after her. Several months after her death almost in 1983, a $250,000 national appeal was launched as a memorial to commemorate Olive's significant contribution to national and international nursing. Established in April 1984, the fund was designed to provide scholarships for nurses wishing to further their studies.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anstey-olive-eva-1920-1983-biographical-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-name-used-in-tribute-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-quiet-revolution-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/appeal-for-250-000-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/matron-appointed-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurse-dies-after-a-life-of-caring-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurse-retires-as-the-star-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-the-late-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queens-birthday-honour-for-a-west-australian-nurse-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-top-nurse-looks-back-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/top-wa-nurse-to-retire-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tribute-to-olive-anstey-a-history-makers-retirement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/untitled-olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wa-matrons-look-at-nursing-overseas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-concept-of-a-community-centred-teaching-hospital-the-impact-on-nursing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-watchword-accountability-international-and-national-implications-for-nursing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eye-to-eye-forty-famous-west-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/notable-australians-the-pictorial-whos-who\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-way-79-who-is-who-synoptic-biographies-of-western-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/olive-anstey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-miss-olive-anstey-nurse-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-florence-nightingale-committee-australia-1946-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-barbara-fawkes-1954-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cleland, Rachel", "Entry ID": "IMP0119", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cleland-rachel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Born in Perth in 1906, Dame Rachel Cleland lived an active life which was centred around politics and community organisations. At one time considered the matriarch of the liberal party, in her later years Dame Rachel was very vocal on her opposition to the logging of old-growth forests. She insisted that the Liberal party under Menzies would never have taken the same stance as the current party on such issues. Dame Rachel's community work with women and children was recognised in 1959 when she was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) and again in 1966 when she was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 1980 Dame Rachel became the only western woman to be appointed as a Dame of the British Empire (DBE) by the government of Papua New Guinea for the volunteer work she did for many Papua New Guinea organizations and for helping involve women in public affairs.\n", "Details": "I enjoy now whatever is happening - my idea is you can't enjoy tomorrow, and you can only enjoy yesterday if you are enjoying today.'\nAt 90, Dame Rachel Cleland was still keeping audiences entertained with her words of wisdom born of a life of political activism and community work. \nBorn in Perth beside the Swan River, the oldest of six children, Rachel Cleland remembers her childhood as being happy and free-ranging. She, like her brothers and sisters, was encouraged to take an interest in social issues from an early age and was given a range of regular chores to do that encouraged them to be independent and resourceful. \nDame Rachel's background and her later training and work as a kindergarten teacher stood her in good stead for the expatriate life she eventually embarked on in Papua New Guinea. Her husband, Sir Donald Cleland, was Administrator of Papua New Guinea for 15 years from 1951. Like many expatriate wives in the 1950s, Dame Rachel identified with her husband's work, which in turn provided her with the opportunity to get to know and help the local people. She was well liked and respected by the local people who appreciated her contribution to organisations like the Red Cross, Girl Guides, Country Women's Association, and Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) as well as the integral role she played in establishing pre-schools throughout Papua New Guinea. Not surprisingly perhaps, recent research also indicates that Dame Rachel was more involved than was earlier thought in Papua New Guinea affairs via her husband's work.\nAfter Sir Donald's retirement the Clelands decided to remain living in Port Moresby, never seriously considering moving back to Australia. Sir Donald died in 1975, two weeks before Papua New Guinea's independence ceremonies. Dame Rachel stayed for a further three years before eventually returning to her extended family in Australia, where she felt herself to be something of a displaced person. She had, by then, lived in Papua New Guinea for 27 years. She continued to make trips back to her expatriate home country for the rest of her life, making a total of eight visits between 1979 and 2000.\nDame Rachel was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1959 and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1966 for her work with women and children. In 1980 Rachel Cleland became the only western woman to be appointed as a Dame of the British Empire (DBE) by the government of Papua New Guinea for services to the country she had lived in for so much of her adult life. She was honoured for the volunteer work she did for many Papua New Guinea organisations and for helping involve women in public affairs.\nDame Rachel died peacefully in Goondiwindi, Queensland, aged 96, on 18 April 2002, after a heart attack. She had only a week earlier moved there from Perth to be near her son Evan and his family.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/condolences-to-cleland-family\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-cleland-dies-at-96\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-rachel-cleland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-story-online-forum-about-dame-rachel-cleland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nothing-like-a-dame\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conscience-of-the-libs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dame-rachel-cleland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-rachel-cleland-dies-at-96\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-rachel-78-still-calls-papua-new-guinea-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-cleland-to-live-in-perth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-matriarch-dame-rachel-cleland-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberals-lose-matriarch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-dame-rachel-cleland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poverty-requires-community-help\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stalwart-won-praise-of-party-leader\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberals-mourn-the-loss-of-dame-rachel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mayman-jan-old-growth-forests-inspire-old-guard-crusader\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caring-grand-dame-who-went-at-life-full-tilt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dame-who-was-game-for-anything\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-dame-rachel-cleland-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/png-friend-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grass-roots-to-independence-and-beyond-the-contribution-by-women-in-papua-new-guinea-1951-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papua-new-guinea-pathways-to-independence-official-and-family-life-1951-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cleland-sir-donald-mackinnon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-nancy-lutton-1918-2007-bulk-1960-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dame-rachel-cleland-community-worker-and-wife-of-sir-donald-cleland-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rachel-cleland-interviewed-by-nancy-lutton-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-rachel-cleland-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/community-kindergartens-association-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cowan, Edith Dircksey", "Entry ID": "IMP0130", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cowan-edith-dircksey\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glengarry, near Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Lawyer, Magistrate, Political activist, Politician, Public servant", "Summary": "Edith Cowan, the first woman to be elected to an Australian parliament in Western Australia in 1921, was described in her entry in Australian feminism, a companion, as 'a committed, tireless and public campaigner for women's and children's rights from the early twentieth century'. Married at the age of seventeen to James Cowan, registrar and master of the Supreme Court, they had five children. She was the founding secretary in 1894 and later president of the Karrakatta Club, a women's club in Perth, which campaigned for female suffrage. Her commitment to women's well-being resulted in her active involvement in the establishment of the Western Australian National Council of Women in 1911. She was a foundation member of the Children's Protection Society in 1906 and the first woman to be appointed to the Children's Court bench in 1915. She became a Justice of the Peace in 1920. In the same year her work was acknowledged with her appointment to the Order of the British Empire for her contribution to the Western Australian division of the Red Cross Society, of which she was a founding member in 1914.\nA clock tower at the entrance to King's Park in Perth was erected to her memory in 1934 and in 1995 her portrait was printed on the Australian fifty dollar note.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bishop-hale-and-secondary-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/early-social-life-and-fashions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-pioneer-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-the-monumental-mould-how-the-edith-cowan-clock-was-built\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-cowan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-cowans-clock-the-location-of-the-edith-cowan-memorial\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cowan-edith-dircksey-1861-1932\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-cowan-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-unique-position-a-biography-of-edith-dircksey-cowan-1861-1932\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-voice-of-edith-cowan-australias-first-woman-parliamentarian-1921-1924\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cowan-edith\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-library-of-australias-federation-gateway\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-thick-of-every-battle-for-the-cause-of-labor-the-voluntary-work-of-the-labor-womens-organisations-in-western-australia-1900-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uphill-all-the-way-a-documentary-history-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1922-15-dec-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-book-1932-1952-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-edith-cowan-former-first-woman-member-of-an-australian-parliament-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edith-cowan-and-cowan-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Brien, May Lorna", "Entry ID": "IMP0135", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obrien-may-lorna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Laverton, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Educator", "Summary": "Born in Laverton, Western Australia, May O'Brien survived her removal to Mount Margaret Aboriginal Mission as a child, eventually taking up her first appointment as a teacher at Mount Margaret. After teaching for 25 years she moved into education policy, working for the Western Australia Ministry of Education and the Aboriginal Education Branch.\nO'Brien was awarded the British Empire Medal on 31 December 1977 for work in Aboriginal education. For this she was also awarded the John Curtin medal. O'Brien was a delegate for Australia at the United Nations conference on Women in Denmark, 1980. She has written several children's books.\n Horton (ed) (1994), Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia; WCTU (1980), Some Aboriginal Women Pathfinders. \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-obrien-heart-and-soul\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-crows-became-black-review\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leadership-and-vision-rewarded-may-obrien\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-obrien-profile\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-obrien-biographical-details\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-to-the-winston-churchill-memorial-trust\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-aboriginal-women-pathfinders-their-difficulties-and-their-achievements\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/claremont-cameos-sound-recording-oral-histories-of-women-teachers-devised-by-l-hunt-and-j-trotman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rewriting-aboriginal-history-through-oral-history-sound-recording-talk-given-by-may-obrien\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-obrien-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Norman, Decima", "Entry ID": "IMP0154", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norman-decima\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "West Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Australia's first female athletic star, Decima Norman won five gold medals at the 1938 Empire Games (later known as the Commonwealth Games) in Sydney. She won gold medals in the 100 yards, 220 yards, long jump and two relays, and in winning the 100 yards she beat the world record-holder. She might well have won Olympic gold in 1940 if those Games had not been cancelled. Decima Norman was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1982 for her services to sport.\n", "Details": "Decima Norman won five gold medals at the 1938 Empire (Commonwealth) Games, stamping herself, according to another athlete who competed in Sydney as the star of the games'; Australia's first real 'Golden Girl'. Placing her effort in historical perspective, it was a record that remained unbroken until 1998 when one of Australian's greatest female swimmers, Susie O'Neill, won six gold medals in the pool at Kuala Lumpur. The only male swimmer to beat her mark is Ian Thorpe, who also won six medals in 2002. When we see what it took to beat her record, it becomes clear that we are talking about an amazing athletic performance, in anyone's terms.\nDecima's performances did not emerge from a vacuum and would not have surprised those who knew her well. This does not mean that the effort she put in to achieve them was any less extraordinary. Coming from Western Australia, where the infrastructure to support women's athletics was severely lacking relative to that enjoyed by athletes in New South Wales and Victoria, Decima Norman helped to create the infrastructure, as she prepared herself for a successful career in national and international track and field competition.\nDecima Norman was born in 1909 in West Perth, Western Australia. Decima's biological parents are unknown. She was adopted by Francis and Elizabeth Norman who lived in West Perth and had a farm at Yorkrakine (near Tammin). After Francis died in 1923, and Elizabeth in 1933, Decima lived with their son (and her brother by adoption), Andrew, and his family. Francis and Elizabeth sent Decima to Perth College, and were very supportive of her schoolgirl sporting endeavours, which were many and various. Decima was Perth College's champion athlete in 1923, going on to become the Western Australian interschool triple jump champion. She captained the school basketball (netball) team, played hockey exceptionally well and competed for the school in swimming and tennis. After she finished school she competed in a variety of surf lifesaving events.\nLike many women involved in competitive sport as schoolgirls in the 1920s, the absence of organized competition once they left school, particularly in athletics, was a source of frustration and disappointment. The situation in Western Australia for track and field athletes was even more dire than it was for their counterparts in New South Wales and Victoria, where organizations such as the Sydney City Girls' Amateur Sports Association were recently established to fill that void. There was, however, a strong, developing hockey competition and, given her speed and athletic ability, Decima enjoyed success in this sport. She travelled with the state team to the eastern states in 1935 and gained her first impressions of life outside Australia's southwest at this time.\nHockey, however, was only ever really a distraction from her first sporting love. Even though there was no organized competition, Norman continued to train herself, in the hope that there would eventually be one. While doing so one evening in 1932, she was approached by a man named Frank Preston, a former footballer, who, despite thinking that she 'looked like a hen in flight' when she ran, nevertheless decided that someone who was prepared to train so hard in a sport that offered her little opportunity to compete was worth taking a punt on. He offered to coach her. Decima immediately agreed and the two began preparing for the Western Australian amateur women's State Championships, to be conducted for the first time in a month. She won both the 100y and 220y races in respectable times. Admittedly, the opposition wasn't world class; it was comprised mainly of schoolgirl champions. But the signs were sufficient enough for Preston to encourage Decima to keep training.\nIn the meantime, Norman and Preston continued to campaign off the track. Norman tried to drum up interest in forming a club for women in Perth, but found the task difficult as other, more popular sports attracted the accomplished athletes. She continued to train and, at the State titles one year later in 1933, improved her time in the 100y and 220y considerably, knocking off a second from her previous years effort in both events. Preston believed she deserved a chance to represent Australia at the Empire Games, to be staged in London in 1934, and wrote to the Women's Amateur Athletic Association of Australia (WAAAA) asking how this could be arranged. After all, she was running times that were comparable to those of Olympians Eileen Wearne (1932) and Edie Robinson (1928). The news was not good - the WAAAA advised him that this couldn't happen unless Decima was a registered member of the association. However, to become a member of the WAAAA, she needed to be registered with a women's athletics club that was, in turn, registered with a state association. If she was going to officially represent Australia, then she needed to establish a local club for her to join first. This did not happen in time for Decima to compete in London in 1934 or, as it turned out, at the Berlin Olympics in 1936.\nThey persevered with the campaign of raising the profile of women's athletics in Western Australia. Thinking outside the square in 1935, Norman and Preston came to an agreement with the Subiaco Football Club, who permitted them to run a series of amateur women's races during a men's professional series held at the club grounds. These races attracted interest and support and, most importantly, women athletes keen to form amateur clubs in Perth. Eventually, three clubs were established (Perth, Surf and Cottesloe) and they affiliated to form the Western Australian Women's Athletics Association, which then affiliated with the national body. Western Australia sent its first ever team, coached and managed by Frank Preston, to the National Championships in Melbourne in 1937. The way was paved for Norman to compete internationally.\nThe members of the small Western Australian contingent were popular with the Melbourne press and the other athletes. The struggle they had undergone to obtain the right to be there, the knowledge that their home training facilities were nowhere near the standard that women in the eastern states enjoyed, the difficulty raising money for travel and accommodation, the experience of the long trip over on the train, all these story lines created sympathetic interest in the fledgling team. Needless to say, Norman's victory on the first night of competition in the 220y final, in wintery conditions, heightened their interest. The prospective teams to compete at the 1938 Empire Games didn't look particularly strong, but Norman's star appeared to be on the rise, and all of a sudden, so did that of the Australian track and field team. By the end of the meet, the whole Western Australian team had impressed. Norman won the 100y final with Joan Woodland surprising everyone by making it in for third place. Joy Barnett took third place in the 440y and the Western Australian team won the 4 x 110y relay. This victory surprised everyone, even Norman herself. 'We were like miniatures compared with some of the very husky maids from the other states', she observed some years later.\nHer performance at the national championships earned Decima a place in the team to compete in the Sydney Empire Games in February the following year. She returned to Perth for Christmas, returning to Sydney by sea early in the new year. The ship's captain gave her and Joan Woodland, who was also selected in the team, full run of the Promenade deck for an hour a day to train, which helped to keep her in top form. So impressed was her coach by her form, her coach was certain that if she could reproduce it in Sydney, she would come back to Perth as an Empire Title holder.\nWhen they arrived in Sydney, it was clear that the training facilities they enjoyed on the boat were better than those arranged for the competing women athletes by the games organizers! They were literally non-existent. Preston found space for them to use at Rushcutter's Oval. Furthermore, there were no change or massage rooms available in the competition venue (the Sydney Cricket Ground) and the group had to procure a spare room in the basement of an old building across the road. Once these practicalities were sorted out, the women's team trained well and kept their eye on the drills and methods of the competition, believing that they would learn something from the host of international athletes. Instead, they thought that they might, in fact, be able to teach the visitors a thing or two. 'To a degree we were disappointed, and regarded our own methods, if anything, a little more advanced,' Norman recalled later on.\nHer results over the next few days of competition proved this to be the case. Born with natural athletic talent, Norman trained for seven years to establish herself as an athlete of international standing. She was the first Australian to win a gold medal at the games when she crossed the finish line in the final of the 100y in first place in a time of 11.1 seconds. She then ran the final (110y) leg on the victorious Australian 660y medley relay team to take her second gold medal. She won the broad jump when she smashed the Empire record with her best ever jump of 19\u2032 0 \u00bc (5.80m). Having come within .1 of the world record for the 220y in the semifinal, she led an Australian clean sweep of the final the following day. After that win, she ran the first (220y) leg on the winning Australian 660y relay team. Decima Norman won every event she entered in the games an established herself at the premier athlete of the event; Australia's first athletics 'golden girl'.\nWe can only guess how Norman might have matched it against athletes from the rest of the world. Having made the decision to move to Sydney in 1939 to train for the Olympic Games the following year, events in Europe and the Pacific intervened; there were to be no Olympic Games in 1940. She immediately redirected her efforts towards a successful campaign at the National Championship, to be held in Perth for the first time, in 1940. Competing as a member of the New South Wales team (she now lived in Sydney), Decima won the Long Jump and set an Australian record in the 90y Hurdles before assisting the NSW team to a win in the relay, also setting an Australian record. This was the last time she competed in an officially sanctioned athletics competition.\nAfter she finished with competition, she retained an interest in women's sport and helped by raising funds, and providing financial and other advice. She continued with the secretarial career that she established before she began competing, and she held interests in a restaurant and night club. She met Eric Hamilton in Sydney and after several years they returned to Albany in Western Australia to retire. The pair never officially married, however Decima did change her last name to Hamilton via deed poll in Western Australia. The couple never had any children.\nIn 1982, Decima was appointed the official custodian of the Commonwealth Games Baton and was flown to Britain to accept it directly from the Queen, ensuring its safe passage to Brisbane, where the games were held. The same year she was an awarded an MBE; the following year she died of cancer. She was nearly 74 years old, in 1983.\nDecima Norman finished her competitive career as member of the NSW team, but it is with the development of athletics in Western Australia that she will always be closely associated. The formation of the Western Australian clubs and association was primarily due to her and top quality athletes such as Joan Woodland. Her Empire Games successes inspired other great Western Australian champions such as the post-war champion Shirley Strickland de la hunty, who said of Decima ' She was a brilliant athlete with great speed, power and determination and a natural talent that was largely undeveloped, as was shown by her winning without having trained for it.'\nIn 1985 she was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame; in 1986 she was admitted into the Western Australian Institute of Sport's 'Hall of Champions'. Not bad result for an athlete whose coach had the following to say about her, 'Her leg action was wrong, her arm action was wrong. She did not run sufficiently on her toes and her balance is not good. Her breathing has to be corrected.' Fortunately, she was happy to be corrected.\n1938 Sydney Empire Games (now called Commonwealth Games)\n100 yards (gold medal)\n220 yards (gold medal)\nLong jump (gold medal)\n440 yards medley relay (gold medal)\n660 yards medley relay (gold medal)\nAustralian Championships\n100 yards: 1937\n220 yards: 1937\n4\u00d7110 relay: 1937\n90 yards hurdles: 1940\n4\u00d7110 relay: 1940\nLong jump: 1940\n", "Events": "Athletics - 100y; 220y; Broad Jump; 440y Medley Relay; 660y Medley Relay (1938 - 1938)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/101-australian-sporting-heroes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-olympics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brief-account-of-w-a-athletes-career\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/decima-hamilton-nee-norman-mbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/decima-hamilton-nee-norman-mbe-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/decima-hamilton-profile-of-champion-track-and-field-runner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/athletics-gold-track-and-field-athletics-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Spencer, Ida May", "Entry ID": "IMP0166", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spencer-ida-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Freemantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "On 10 June 1961, Ida Spencer was appointed a Member to the Order of the British Empire for services to the Country Women's Association in Western Australia.\n", "Details": "The sixth child of James and Phoebe (n\u00e9e Hymus) Christie, Ida Spencer grew up in Fremantle and Perth and was a youth leader with the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). After completing a business college course she at first worked in a solicitor's office. Later she worked with the state office of the Returned Services League (RSL) before spending five years as business secretary for the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) from 1936.\nShe joined the Darkan Country Women's Association (CWA) following her marriage to a sheep farmer, John Spencer. Drawing upon her musical background - she had previously sung in church choirs, eisteddfods, hospitals, elderly persons homes and charity concerts - Ida Spencer organised the Darkan branch choir competition in 1951. The competition was to later develop into an annual Choral Festival. Ida Spencer became the Western Australian state president of the CWA in 1955. During her reign she established the Western Australian CWA branches of the air enabling women in isolated area to attend meetings, without leaving their homes, by using a pedal-radio link-up.\nSpencer became national president of the CWA in 1957, a position she held until 1959. In 1958 she was awarded honorary life membership of the CWA. On 10 June 1961, Ida Spencer was appointed a Member to the Order of the British Empire for services to the Country Women's Association in Western Australia.\nDedicated to the community Ida Spencer organised Darkan's first Anzac Day Service with the RSL. She was awarded the thirty years' service medal from the Red Cross and supported junior farmer organisations. She helped established Darkan's kindergarten and assisted in welfare work with deserted wives. Spencer also was a member of the Good Neighbour Council, the Royal Historical Society of WA and Collie Repertory Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-ida-spencer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ida-spencer-awarded-mbe-past-state-president-of-cwa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/darkans-early-days-one-hundred-years-of-darkans-history-1862-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-raigh-roe-interviewed-by-gail-ohanlon-in-the-australians-of-the-year-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia-1945-1969-2003-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lukis, Meroula (Mollie) Frances Fellowes", "Entry ID": "IMP0168", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lukis-meroula-frances-fellowes-mollie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Donnybrook, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Archivist", "Summary": "Mollie Lukis graduated with Honours from the University of Western Australia in 1932. She worked as a teacher from 1934 to 1940 in Perth, Victoria and England, then with the Munitions Supply Laboratories during the war years. In 1945 Lukis was appointed State archivist of the Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia. On June 1976 Lukis was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) for archival work.\n", "Events": "Appointed Officer to the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (1976 - 1976) \nAwarded Carnegie Corporation travel grant to study archives and libraries in United States of America and United Kingdom (1957 - 1957) \nAwarded Diploma of Education from University of Western Australia (1932 - 1932) \nBorn daughter of Frederick and Jean (nee Campbell) Lukis (1911 - 1911) \nCouncillor with the National Trust of Australia (Western Australia) (1959 - 1974) \nFellow of the Library Association Australia (FLAA) (1963 - 1963) \nFellow of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society (1970 - 1970) \nGraduated from the University Western Australia with BA Hons (1931 - 1931) \nHeld various teaching positions (1933 - 1940) \nHonorary secretary of the National Trust of Australia (Western Australia) (1971 - 1974) \nMember of the Library Board of Western Australia (1952 - 1955) \nMember of the Library Board of Western Australia (1974 - 1977) \nMember of the Nomenclature Advisory Committee to Minister for Lands (1950 - 1971) \nMetrologist at the Defence Research Laborities, Maribyrnong Victoria (1940 - 1945) \nPresident of the Australian Federation of University Women (Western Australia) (1952 - 1952) \nState archivist and librarian with the JS Battye Library (Western Australia) - first woman state archivist in Australia (1945 - 1971)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/state-archivist-returns\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-archivist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-in-western-australia-the-battye-library-m-f-f-lukis-and-m-medcalf-a-bibliography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-molly-lukis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mollie-lukis-awarded-honorary-doctorate-of-literature-from-murdoch-university\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mollie-lukis-collection-of-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mollie-lukis-elected-an-honorary-member-of-national-trust-of-wa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mollie-lukis-first-state-archivist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mollie-lukis-honours\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recording-of-talk-given-by-meroula-lukis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1926-2002-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Laurie, Adelaide Rita Dorothy", "Entry ID": "IMP0169", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laurie-adelaide-rita-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Rita Samson attended Miss Parnell's School (now St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls), Claremont, Western Australia. She married Robert Bruce Laurie and the couple moved to Melbourne where they stayed for 28 years and raised two sons. Following the death of her husband, Laurie returned to Western Australia to stand in as Mayoress of Fremantle for the deceased wife of her brother Frederick Samson, Mayor of Fremantle. A Mayoress was needed for the upcoming Royal visit, and Laurie retained the position until her brother retired in 1972. She was appointed an Officer to the Order of the British Empire on 10 June 1967 for services as Mayoress of Fremantle. In 1976 she launched the Fremantle Port Authority's new pilot ship the Sir Frederick Samson.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Grant, Beryl", "Entry ID": "IMP0171", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grant-beryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Balcatta, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Matron", "Summary": "On 12 June 2000 Beryl Grant was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for service to nursing and to the community through the support and development of services and programmes for children and families, particularly in rural and remote areas of Australia. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 1 January 1976 for services to nursing.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beryls-had-so-many-lives-you-wouldnt-read-about-it\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beryls-world\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/locals-honoured-for-queens-birthday\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beryls-world-the-multifaceted-life-of-beryl-grant\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/church-service-for-the-100th-anniversary-ngala-matron-beryl-grants-retirement-dinner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dreaming-for-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grant-now-a-moderator-of-the-uniting-church\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grant-the-wa-uniting-churchs-first-woman-moderator\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-helen-jean-duncan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/locals-honoured-on-australia-day\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-beryl-grant-nurse-sound-recording-interviewed-by-chris-jeffery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-beryl-grant-nurse-sound-recording-interviewed-by-david-m-byrne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-beryl-grant-matron-of-ngala-1959-1980-sound-recording-interviewed-by-helene-charlesworth\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Manning, Mildred Hagenauer", "Entry ID": "IMP0172", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manning-mildred-hagenauer\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator", "Summary": "Mildred Manning was a full-time staff member at Wesley College (Perth) from 1930 until her retirement in 1970. The College named the biology laboratory in the then new science block after her in December 1963. On 1 January 1964 Mildred Manning was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (MBE) for services to education in Western Australia.\n", "Details": "Mildred Manning was the daughter of Ernest Le Souef, planner and director of the Perth Zoo, and his wife Ellie. One of four children who all grew up with the animals and birds of the zoo as playmates, Mildred Le Souef completed her education at Perth College and the University of Western Australia.\nAfter graduating with a science degree in 1923, Mildred Le Souef taught biology part-time at Wesley College and Presbyterian Ladies' College. In 1930 she became a full-time teacher at Wesley College, a position she held until 1970, and then helped the new science master until 1976.\nDuring World War II she was at first a receiver of messages, and then a spotter with the Volunteer Air Observer Corps at Crawley. In 1951 Mildred Le Souef married Bernard Manning (deceased 1961) - a Gilbert and Sullivan actor who also founded the Gilbert and Sullivan Society in Perth in 1951. Mildred Manning was a member of the Young Womens' Christian Association (YWCA) and the Science Teachers' Association of Western Australia, who made her a Life Member in 1970.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Underwood, Erica Reid", "Entry ID": "IMP0173", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/underwood-erica-reid\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Albany, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Shenton Park, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Radio Broadcaster", "Summary": "Erica Underwood was the first woman Deputy Chairman of Council at the Western Australian Institute of Technology, the first psychologist trained in Western Australia, an ABC broadcaster and a founder of the University radio station 6 NR. [1] She was appointed to The Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) on 31 December 1977 for services to radio, education and the community.\n", "Details": "The daughter of William and Jessica Chandler, Erica's career ambition was to become a psychologist. As no course was available in Western Australia she accepted a teachers' college bursary and studied Arts at the University of Western Australia. After graduating, Erica became the first cadet in psychology at the Government Psychological Clinic for Children. The clinic closed during the depression and she completed her Teacher's Certificate and taught for four years at Collie. [2] In 1934 she married Eric Underwood (later Professor) and they were to have four children. Professor Underwood, an agricultural scientist, became Professor of Agriculture at the University of Western Australia, and is widely known for his work on the effects of trace elements in nutrition.\nIn 1949 Erica Underwood, along with two other women, was appointed to the Children's Court bench to assist the magistrate. During the late 1940s she joined broadcaster Catherine King, presenting one session per fortnight on the ABC radio programme \"The Women's Session.\" The programme was broadcast throughout the State and included music, live interviews and discussion on subjects from science and arts to cooking and parenting. It was based on the premise that women who were not in the paid work-force were thinking people with wide interests and concerns. [3] Together Erica Underwood and Catherine King travelled in the ABC van meeting the country women who listened to the programme. In 1966 Erica became the sole broadcaster of the show.\nErica was involved in a variety of community activities. She was the first woman appointed to the Churchill Fellowship Award committee; the first woman government nominee on the Council of the Western Australian Institute of Technology (now Curtin University of Technology) and in 1977 became the first woman Deputy Chairman (now Pro-Chancellor); Deputy chairman of the Western Australian Arts Council; and member of the State Advisory Committee of the Australian Broadcasting Commission. She was an official visitor to the Riverback Boy's institution; a member of the Western Australian committee of the Silver Jubilee Appeal; and Chairman of the committee for the Citizen of the Year Awards.\nIn 1981 Erica Underwood became the first woman to be awarded an honorary Doctorate of Technology from the Western Australian Institute of Technology. [4] She passed away in 1992, aged 84.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "de la Hunty, Shirley Barbara", "Entry ID": "IMP0186", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/de-la-hunty-shirley-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Guildford, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Athletics coach, Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Lecturer, Olympian, Teacher, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Champion sprinter and hurdler, Shirley Strickland (as she was then known), became the first Australian female to win an Olympic medal in a track and field event at the London Olympic Games in 1948.\nShirley de la Hunty was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) on 26 January 2001 for service to the community, particularly in the areas of conservation, the environment and local government, and to athletics as an athlete, coach and administrator. She had been appointed a member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (MBE) for services to athletics on 1 January 1957.\n", "Details": "Shirley Strickland studied nuclear physics, completed an honours degree and became a science teacher. In 1948 she won the Australian sprint and hurdles titles. Later that year she represented Australia at the London Olympic Games and became the first Australian female athlete to win a track and field medal. The champion sprinter and hurdler took part in three Olympic Games (1948, 1952 and 1956) and was the winner of three gold, one silver and three bronze medals. She also set world records and won three gold medals and two silver medals at Empire (later Commonwealth) Games.\nIn 1950 Shirley Strickland married Lawrence Edmund de la Hunty and they had four children. In 1960 she was selected for the Rome Olympics but did not compete due to her third pregnancy.\nAfter retiring as a competitor Shirley de la Hunty continued teaching at various Perth high schools and later became a university lecturer. She maintained her interest in sport by coaching athletes including Raelene Boyle, and was involved in athletics administration as manageress of the Australian women's team at the Mexico (1968) and Montreal (1976) Olympics.\nBesides sport Shirley de la Hunty is interested in nature and conservation issues. She has featured on 'This is Your Life' and 'Australian Story'. A recipient of the Helm award (now World Trophy) and the Queen's medal, in 1995 she was elected to the Australian Sports Hall of Fame.\nA Fellow of Edith Cowan University, Shirley de la Hunty won the Advance Australia Award in 1987. At the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games Opening Ceremony Shirley de la Hunty was an Olympic Torchbearer along with Raelene Boyle, Betty Cuthbert, Dawn Fraser and Cathy Freeman.\n1948 National Championships\n80 metre hurdles\n1948 London Olympic Games\n4 x 100 metre relay - silver medal\n100 metre sprint - bronze medal\n80 metre hurdles - bronze medal\n1950 National Championships\n80 metre hurdles\n440 yards sprint\n1950 Auckland Empire Games\n80 metre hurdles - gold medal\n4 x 440 yards relay - gold medal\n4 x 660 yards relay - gold medal\n100 yards sprint - silver medal\n1952 National Championships\n80 metre hurdles\n440 yards sprint\n1952 Helsinki Olympic Games\n80 metre hurdles - gold medal\n100 metre sprint - bronze medal\n1955 World University Games\n100 metre sprint - gold medal\n80 metres hurdles - gold medal\n200 metre sprint - bronze medal\n1956 National Championships\n440 yards sprint\n1956 Melbourne Olympic Games\n80 metre hurdles - gold medal\n4 x 100 metre relay - gold medal\n1960 National Championships\n4 x 110 yards relay\n1962 National Championships\n4 x 110 yards relay\n", "Events": "Athletics - 100m sprint (1952 - 1952) \nAthletics - 4 x 100m relay (1948 - 1948) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles (1952 - 1952) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles and 100m sprint (1948 - 1948) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles and 4 x 100m Relay (1956 - 1956) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles; 440y Medley Relay; 660y Medley Relay (1950 - 1950) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-strickland-legend-of-the-track-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/strickland-the-first-lady-of-australian-aths\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champion-runs-her-race\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/enigma-who-lit-the-way-for-others\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-shirley-strickland-de-la-hunty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/outstanding-women-in-australia-women-in-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hansen, Elizabeth May", "Entry ID": "IMP0197", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hansen-elizabeth-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Political activist", "Summary": "Elizabeth Hansen was a foundation member of Perth's oldest Aboriginal community organisation, the Coolbaroo League, formed in the 1940s. She has been a long-time campaigner for Aboriginal rights and was vice-president of the New Era Aboriginal Fellowship and Treasurer of the Aboriginal Rights League and Old People's Home. \nHansen won the Western Australian Citizen of the Year Award in 1976, and was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire for 'Aboriginal welfare' on 31 December 1979.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-elizabeth-hansen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-coolbaroo-club-videorecording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-hansen-hostel-hostel-outcome-standards-monitoring-statement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/swan-fountain-western-australia-citizen-of-the-year-lake-burswood-park\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-of-aboriginal-rights-activist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Conochie, Jean Athola", "Entry ID": "IMP0246", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conochie-jean-athola\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": " Merredin, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian", "Summary": "Jean Conochie forged a successful career in librarianship at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), later the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). She took up her appointment in 1946 and remained there for all her working life, gaining an international reputation as a serials cataloguer and bibliographer. She was responsible for cataloguing standards across the entire CSIRO library network, and for the ongoing compilation of the CSIRO union catalogue. She was an active member of the Library Association of Australia as a member of the Board of Examiners from 1966-1972 and of numerous committees and represented the Association at international conferences. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire on 31 December 1977 for public service in the field of science. The Library Association of Australia honoured her with the H.C.L. Anderson Award in 1985 for outstanding service to librarianship in Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-laa-award-for-jean-conochie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parker, Norma Alice", "Entry ID": "IMP0264", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parker-norma-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Social worker", "Summary": "Norma Parker taught social work at both Sydney University and the University of New South Wales. She was awarded an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters from Sydney University, and was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 3 June 1972, for education and child welfare. The Norma Parker Correctional Centre for Women at Paramatta, New South Wales, is named after her.\n", "Details": "Norma Brown (n\u00e9e Parker) was born in Perth to Ernest Parker, an accountant, and his wife, Annie. She attended the Sacred Heart High School and in 1927 completed a BA at the University of Western Australia. She became interested in social work training through Dr Ethel Stoneman, head of the university's course in psychology, who wanted social workers for her child guidance clinic, so she went, on a scholarship, to the Catholic University of America in Washington, where she specialised in psychiatric social work for her MA and Diploma of Social Service.\nShe returned to Australia in 1931 when her father died, after working briefly as a social worker in Cleveland and Los Angeles. In 1932, after three months of supervised practical work at the Melbourne Hospital, she became an almoner (a hospital worker who looks after the social and material needs of the patient). She was immediately appointed by St Vincent's Hospital at Fitzroy to establish an almoner department, only the third in Melbourne and in Australia. For the next four years she developed her new department, helping to extend medical social work through a professional association, serving on the executive of the Victorian Council for Social Training, and inducing Archbishop Daniel Mannix to establish the Catholic Social Service Bureau.\nIn 1936 she moved to Sydney, again to found an almoner department at St Vincent's Hospital in Darlinghurst. Sydney was to be her home until she returned to Melbourne to be closer to her family towards the end of her life. In Sydney in the late 1930s, she was involved in the nascent almoners' and social workers' associations, becoming president of the latter from 1940-43. Representing the association on the NSW Council of Social Service, she initiated its publication Social Service. In the early 1940s she again worked to set up a Catholic Welfare Bureau.\nSydney University took on the responsibility for general training of social workers in 1940. Until 1945 it was under the direction of Canadian-born , Elizabeth Govan. Brown was her assistant from 1941 to 1943, supervising students' field work and teaching social case work. Together, as members of the Delinquency Committee of the Child Welfare Advisory Council, they played a leading part in achieving a new minister, new departmental head and strong reform agenda for the NSW Child Welfare Department. (She lived in the Girls' Industrial School at Parramatta in January 1943, collecting evidence.)\nIn May 1943 she opened the first social work department in an Australian mental hospital at Callan Park, while continuing as a part-time lecturer at Sydney University. From mid-1944, a Commonwealth Fund of New York fellowship enabled her to study psychiatric social work for six months at the University of Chicago. She spent a further six months visiting other centres.\nFrom 1945 to 1946 she was acting director of Sydney University's department of social studies, taking part in national discussions with the Department of Post-War Reconstruction. From 1946 to 1954 she was senior lecturer in social case work.\nIn 1946, partly to encourage the Australian Government to consult professional social workers about a projected international social welfare body to assist the United Nations, Brown argued for a national association of social workers and chaired the three interstate discussions which preceded its formation in 1946.\nShe served, until 1954, as the first president of the Australian Association of Social Workers and continued as vice-president for another four years. From 1949 to the end of 1954, she was again acting director of the Sydney University social work course. In 1955, the department of social studies became the department of social work, with social scientist Morven Brown as the new director and Norma Parker as the department's supervisor of professional training. When, in 1958, Morven Brown moved to the University of NSW as Australia's first professor of sociology, Brown again served as acting director until the appointment of Tom Brennan, another social scientist. Despite the obvious difficulties of having a professional school headed by someone not professionally qualified, Brown made the arrangement work and established excellent personal and professional relationships with both Morven Brown and Brennan.\nIn 1956 she convened and chaired a committee to establish the NSW Association for Mental Health and, during the 1950s and early 1960s, her initiatives and support contributed greatly to the founding and early development of the peak welfare body, the Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS). In 1966, at the invitation of the UNSW, Brown took up a three-year appointment as associate professor and head of the department of social work in the school of sociology. On her retirement, this department became an independent school, headed by Australia's first professor of social work, John Lawrence. She was awarded an honorary doctorate by Sydney University in 1986.\nIn 1957, she had married \"'Mont\" Brown, an 8th Division former serviceman who had been a prisoner of war on the notorious Burma Railway. He died in 1964.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/focus-on-migrants-a-social-work-perspective\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/professor-norma-parker-cbe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norma-parkers-record-of-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/early-social-work-in-retrospect\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norma-alice-brown-cbe-social-worker-1906-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/social-worker-profiles\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norma-parker-brown-1907-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-professionalisation-of-australian-catholic-social-welfare-1920-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-norma-parker-social-worker-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Splatt, Beryl Audrey Pickering", "Entry ID": "IMP0275", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/splatt-beryl-audrey-pickering\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Biochemist", "Summary": "Beryl Splatt was educated at the University of Melbourne, where she was awarded an MSc. A Carnegie Grant enabled her to undertake postgraduate study at Middlesex Hospital, London in 1938. She worked as a biochemist and metabolist at the Royal Melbourne Hospital from 1923 to 1964 and also demonstrated in clinical biochemistry at the University of Melbourne from 1940 to 1961. She served as a committee member on the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service 1940-1960, as a member of the Royal Melbourne Hospital Clinical School 1957-1961 and as the first president of the Association of Hospital Scientists of Victoria. She was appointed MBE - Member of The Order of the British Empire (Civil) - 1 January 1965 for her work in the Biochemistry Department at Melbourne Hospital.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fowler, Jennifer", "Entry ID": "PR00288", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fowler-jennifer\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bunbury, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Composer", "Summary": "Jennifer Fowler is an internationally renowned composer who was born in Bunbury, Western Australia. She works as a freelance composer in London, where she has lived since 1969.\n", "Details": "Jennifer Fowler was born in Bunbury, Western Australia, in 1939. She studied at the University of Western Australia, during which time she won several composition prizes. While still a student, her pieces were performed in the Festival of Perth and broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC). In 1968 Fowler spent a year working at the Electronic Music Studios of the University of Utrecht on a Dutch Government scholarship. Since 1969 she has been living in London where she works as a free-lance composer.\nFowler's output includes orchestral works, chamber pieces, works for voice and instrumental ensemble, solo music and vocal ensembles. Her international prizes\u00a0include an award from the Academy of the Arts in Berlin (1970), joint winner of the Radcliffe Award of Great Britain; first prize in the GEDOK International Competition for Women Composers (1975) and the Miriam Gideon prize from the International Association of Women in Music (2003).\nFowler's works are regularly performed at international festivals; past performances include the ISCM World Music Days, the Gaudeamus Music Week (Holland), the Huddersfield Festival of Contemporary Music (UK), the International Sydney Spring Festival and Women in Music festivals in USA, UK, Italy and Australia. She has received commissions from organisations including the British Broadcasting Commission (BBC), the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC), the Festival of Perth, the Music Board of the Australia Council, The Song Company (Sydney), Donne in Musica (Italy) and Women in Music (UK).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennifer-fowler-website-contains-biographical-information-news-list-of-works-audio-samples-and-contact-details\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-music-centre-entry-for-jennifer-fowler\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/of-small-bagpipes-and-double-basses\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grove-music-online-entry-for-jennifer-fowler\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennifer-fowler-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Craig, Margaret June", "Entry ID": "PR00331", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/craig-margaret-june\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Sports administrator, Tennis player", "Summary": "June Craig was a member of the Western Legislative Assembly from 1974 until 1983, and served also as a cabinet Minister. In 1994 she received an Order of Australia (AM) for her long and distinguished parliamentary and community service.\n", "Details": "Margaret June Lynn was born in Perth in 1930. She was three years old when her family moved to Mosman Park, where she was educated at St Hilda's Primary School, and later at Presbyterian Ladies' College. She preferred to be known as June, and was in her youth a champion tennis player selected for the Wilson Cup State teams in 1948 and 1949. June studied physical education at the University of Western Australia and University of Melbourne. In September 1951, she married Frank Craig, whose father, Leslie Craig, was a long-serving member of the Legislative Council. June's great grandfather, Robert John Lynn, had also sat in the Legislative Council from 1912 to 1924. June and Frank Craig had three children, one of whom was tragically killed by a falling tree from a bushfire near Rockingham in March 1977.\nJune Craig joined the Liberal Party in 1950, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the south-west seat of Wellington in 1974. After only one term in Parliament, she became only the second woman (after Dame Florence Cardell-Oliver) to achieve Cabinet rank in Western Australia, after which she held various Cabinet posts until losing her parliamentary seat in the 1983 State election. Craig was actively involved in a wide variety of community affairs and organizations, including the St Mary's Anglican Guild, the Citizens' Advice Bureau and Good Neighbour Council, the Save the Children Fund, the Karrakatta Club, the Commonwealth Games Association and the Western Australian Olympic Council. After leaving Parliament she was a partner in a children's clothing business and served as senior Vice-President of the Forrest Division of the Liberal Party.\nIn 1994 June Craig was appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia (AM) for her long and distinguished parliamentary and community service.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-june-craig-sound-recording-interviewed-by-r-jamieson\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Elliott, Lyla Daphne", "Entry ID": "PR00367", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elliott-lyla-daphne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Lyla Daphne Elliott joined the Australian Labor Party in 1955, and was a member of the Legislative Council in Western Australia from 1971 until 1986.\n", "Details": "Lyla Daphne Elliott was born in Geraldton, Western Australia, in 1934. She was educated at Reedy and Waroona State schools, and completed her Junior Certificate at St Joseph's Convent, Waroona. Her father, Albert Elliott, worked as a brewer, tool sharpener and fitter and turner. Lyla described her background as 'working class,' and her parents as 'decent living people who struggled all their lives\u2026although not to the point of poverty.' In May 1976, Lyla married Edwin John (Jack) White, at Caversham, WA.\nElliott joined the Australian Labor Party in 1955, and was secretary to the General Secretary of the State Executive of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), F.E. (Joe) Chamberlain, for almost twenty years. She was first elected to the Legislative Council (LC) for the North-East Metropolitan Province, succeeding Ruby Hutchison (the first woman elected to the LC) when she retired in 1971. During her fifteen years in the LC, Elliott consistently raised matters of community concern, particularly those involving injustice. In her inaugural speech Elliott drew urgent attention to the plight of Australia's indigenous population, and continued to throughout her career to give special emphasis to issues directly affecting women, including equal opportunity, abortion legislation, and family planning. Elliott also chaired a task force for the Burke Government on domestic violence, and worked to address other concerns including child welfare, housing, care of the aged and mental health patients, the treatment of disabled people, animal welfare and nuclear disarmament.\nLyla Elliott was the first woman to hold the post of Chairperson of the State Parliamentary Labor Party, from 1978 to 1986. She served extensively in the Labor Party policy committees, including ten years as convenor of the ALP Health and Social Welfare Committee. Earlier, from 1974 to 1976, she was the first woman to be Deputy Chairman of Committees, a position she again occupied from 1983 until her retirement from Parliament in 1986, after which she spent time studying History at Edith Cowan University.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-lyla-elliott-sound-recording-interviewed-by-r-jamieson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harold-peden-memorial-lecture-by-lyla-elliott-book-launch-of-blacklegs-by-bill-latter-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyla-elliott-papers-1962-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McAleer, Margaret", "Entry ID": "PR00441", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcaleer-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "From 1974 to 1993 Margaret McAleer served in the Parliament of Western Australia. She was the first non-Labor member of the Legislative Council, and served as Whip from 1980 to 1993.\n", "Details": "Margaret McAleer was born in 1930 to medical practitioner James McAleer and his wife Kathleen. Margaret was educated at Stella Maris College in Geraldton, Western Australia, then at Loreto Convent in Claremont, Perth. She completed a Bachelor of Arts with Honours (History) at the University of Melbourne, and during this time became a member of the Liberal Party of Australia. She travelled to Europe in 1951, then returned to Perth and studied at the University of Western Australia.\nDuring the mid-1950s, McAleer became a director of the Woopenatty Pastoral Company, and through the 1960s was actively involved in farming with her brother at Arrino near Three Springs, about 300 kilometers north of Perth, Western Australia. She served for seven years on the Three Springs Shire Council, and was also a member of the Pastoralists and Graziers' Association, Farmers' Union, Country Women's Association, Business and Professional Women's Association and Karrakatta Club.\nIn May 1974 Margaret McAleer became the first female non-Labor politician to sit in the Legislative Council, after an unsuccessful attempt to enter the Senate in 1970. McAleer's extensive farming experience ensured that the needs of her rural constituency were always high on her Parliamentary agenda. She was re-elected for the Upper West Province in 1980 and 1986 and then for the Agricultural Region in 1989. From 1980 to 1983 she held the position of Government Whip, and was Opposition Whip from 1983 to 1993. In 1990 McAleer served as Assistant Shadow Minister for Women's Interests, and was also member of a Commonwealth Parliamentary Association delegation to Zimbabwe. She retired from politics when her term expired in May 1993.\nIn 1985, McAleer married Angus Cameron, who died in 1988. Margaret McAleer died in 1999 after a long illness.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-margaret-mcaleer-politician-sound-recording-interviewed-by-erica-harvey\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buchanan, Pamela Ann", "Entry ID": "PR00483", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buchanan-pamela-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Community advocate, Educationist, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Pamela Buchanan was a parliamentarian who represented the Australian Labor Party in the Pilbara region of Western Australia from 1983 until 1992.\n", "Details": "Pamela Anne Slocombe was born in Perth in 1937 to Walter Scott Slocombe, musician, and Doris May Brittain. She was educated at Scarborough Primary School, Perth Girls High School, and later at Perth Senior Technical College. In 1957 she married George Maitland Buchanan, and later had two daughters.\nFrom 1967 to 1976, Buchanan worked as a pre-school administrator at Roebourne, Western Australia, and during this time ran two kindergartens for indigenous children. She was also in charge of the Aboriginal Adult Education centre. Later she worked as senior personnel secretary at Cliffs Robe River Iron Associates, and then as electorate assistant to Peter Dowding (Member of the Legislative Council) at the Karratha office. Buchanan had joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in 1976, and entered Parliament in 1983 when she was elected for the seat of Pilbara with a swing of 18%. She was the first woman to win Pilbara, which was considered a 'tough' seat in a largely pastoral and mining electorate.\nDuring her parliamentary career Pamela Buchanan demonstrated a strong commitment to equal opportunity, and had a particular empathy for the unique problems faced by Australia's indigenous population. She had also personally experienced discrimination in the workplace (denied a promotion because she was a woman) and vigorously supported the Equal Opportunity Bill in 1984. She also fought to arrest the spiralling cost of goods in her isolated northern electorate, which was largely a problem of transport costs.\nBuchanan was also government whip from 1986-1990. She resigned from the ALP in 1990 after losing her Cabinet position in a ministerial reshuffle, standing then as an Independent. Ill health forced Buchanan to retire from Parliament in early 1992, around a month before her death in March 1992.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pam-buchanan-her-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pratt, Louise Clare", "Entry ID": "PR00541", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pratt-louise-clare\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Louise Clare Pratt was born in Kalgoorlie in 1972. She attended Eastern Hills Senior High School in Perth, then studied arts at the University of Western Australia. Pratt became actively involved in student politics, eventually being elected state education officer for the National Union of Students in 1994. A member of the Australian Labor Party, she was elected to the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia in 2001, the youngest woman ever elected to the Council. She served until 2007, when she resigned after being assured of election at the 2007 federal election, having won first position on the Labor ticket, defeating incumbent Senator Ruth Webber in a pre-selection contest. She has been a Labor member of the Australian Senate since July 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davenport, Cheryl May", "Entry ID": "PR00546", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davenport-cheryl-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pinjarra, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Cheryl Davenport was elected to the Thirty-third Parliament of Western Australia as the Australian Labor Party member\u00a0in the\u00a0Legislative Council. for South Metropolitan Region from 22 May 1989. She was re-elected in 1993 and 1996 and\u00a0\u00a0retired 21 May 2001.\n", "Details": "Cheryl May Crockenberg was born in Pinjarra, Western Australia, in 1947, to Edith May and Frederick Crockenberg, a small business owner. She attended Pinjarra Senor High School before completing a Diploma of Business Studies at Underwood Business College in Perth. Crockenberg joined the Australian Labor Party in 1968, and was secretary of the Mandurah branch from 1971-1973, then later became State Secretary of the Western Australian Branch. She married Philip Davenport in 1975. Cheryl Davenport was elected to\nthe Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia for South Metropolitan Region in 1989. She was re-elected in 1993, 1996, and retired on 21 May 2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Edwardes, Cheryl Lynn", "Entry ID": "PR00547", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edwardes-cheryl-lynn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mount Hawthorn, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Attorney General, Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor", "Summary": "Cheryl Edwards was a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. Elected to the Thirty-third Parliament of Western Australia for Kingsley (new seat) on 4 February 1989, she was re-elected in 1993, 1996, 2001. She did not contest the general election of 2005.\n", "Details": "Cheryl Duschka was born in 1950 at Mount Hawthorn, Perth, Western Australia, to Warren Duschka, a carpenter, and his wife Betty. She attended Tuart Hill Primary and Senior High School, then studied Law at the University of Western Australia, where she was awarded the Criminal Law Prize in 1980. She married Colin Edwardes in 1973. Cheryl Edwardes worked as a solicitor from 1984 to 1986, and entered Parliament in 1989 when elected to the Legislative Assembly for Kingsley. She was re-elected in 1993, 1996 and 2001, and did not contest the general election of 2005. In 1993, Edwardes became the first female Attorney General to be appointed in Western Australia.\nShe was appointed a Member (AM) of the Order of Australia in June 2016 for significant service to the people and Parliament of Western Australia, to the law and to the environment, and through executive roles with business, education and community organisations. In January 2025 she was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for distinguished service to the law and social justice, to resource management and environmental sustainability, to business, and to the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Edwards, Judith (Judy) Mary", "Entry ID": "PR00548", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edwards-judith-judy-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beverley, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Doctor, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Judith Edwards was an Australian Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia. She was elected to the Thirty-third Parliament of Western Australia for Maylands at the by-election on 26 May 1990, held to fill the vacancy consequent upon the resignation of Hon. Peter M'Callum Dowding. Re-elected in 1993, 1996, 2001, 2005 she did\u00a0not contest the general election of 6 September 2008.\n", "Details": "Judith Mary Edwards was born in 1955 in Beverley, Western Australia, to Brian and Patricia Edwards, a farmer and nurse respectively. Edwards completed her secondary education at Loreto Convent, Claremont, and graduated from the University of Western Australia as a medical practitioner. Undertaking study towards a Masters degree in public health, she began practicing in the Mount Lawley area of Perth, and became involved with a number of community-based health services, including the Sexual Assault Referral Centre and the Aboriginal Medical Service. After joining the Australian Labor Party, Edwards entered the Legislative Assembly in the Western Australian Parliament for the seat of Maylands after the by-election of 26 May 1990, held to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of Hon. Peter Dowding. She was re-elected in 1993, 1996, 2001, 2005, and did not contest the general election of 6 September 2008.\nDr Judy Edwards was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2024 for significant service to the people and Parliament of Western Australia, and to the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hughes, Judith", "Entry ID": "PR00553", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hughes-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Judy Hughes was elected to the Thirty-seventh Parliament of Western Australia as the Australian Labor Party member for the Legislative Assembly seat of Kingsley, succeeding Cheryl Lynn Edwardes, who retired. She contested the same seat at the general election of 6 September 2008 for Kingsley and was succeeded by Ms Andrea Ruth Mitchell for the Liberal Party.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Patterson, Muriel Grace", "Entry ID": "PR00558", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patterson-muriel-grace\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Katanning, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Muriel Patterson was elected to the Thirty-third Parliament of Western Australia as the Liberal party member of the Legislative Council\u00a0for South West Region on 4 February 1989 for term commencing 22 May 1989. She was re-elected 1993, and 1996 (for term commencing 22 May 1997). She retired 21 May 2001.\n", "Details": "Muriel Quartermaine was born in Katanning in 1931, to farmer Charles Quartermaine and his wife Grace. She studied at Perth Technical College and Albany Technical College, and married Rolstun Patterson in 1951. From 1964 she farmed with her husband at Tambellup, than taught dressmaking until 1977. She joined the Albany Chamber of Commerce in 1976, and was President from 1984-1986. A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Patterson was elected to the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia for the South West Region in 1989. She was re-elected in 1993 and 1996, and retired on 21 May 2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Radisich, Jaye Amber", "Entry ID": "PR00559", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radisich-jaye-amber\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Middle Swan, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Jaye Radisich was elected to the Thirty-sixth Parliament of Western Australia as the Australian Labor Party member for the Legislative Assembly seat of Swan Hills on 10 February 2001 in succession to June Dorothy van de Klashorst (defeated). She was re-elected in 2005, but did not contest the general election of 6 September 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scott, Barbara Mary", "Entry ID": "PR00561", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-barbara-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Merredin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Barbara Scott was elected to the Thirty-fourth Parliament of Western Australia as the Liberal Party member of the Legislative Council for South Metropolitan Region on 6 February 1993 for term commencing 22 May 1993. She was re-elected in 1996, 2001 and\u00a02005 (for term commencing 22 May 2005). She retired 21 May 2009.\n", "Details": "Barbara Barnett was born in Merredin, Western Australia, in 1939, to Lesley Barnett and his wife Eileen. She attended Sacred Heart High School in Mount Lawley, then Claremont Teachers' College, graduating in 1958. She married Michael Scott in 1969. Barbara Scott joined the Claremont branch of the Liberal Party of Australia in 1984, and was elected to the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia for the South Metropolitan Region in1993. She was re-elected in 1996, 2001 and 2005, and retired on 21 May 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Turnbull, Dr Hilda Margaret", "Entry ID": "PR00563", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/turnbull-dr-hilda-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Doctor, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Dr Hilda Margaret Turnbull was a National Party of Australia member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. She was elected to the Thirty-third Parliament of Western Australia for Collie on 4 February 1989, in succession to Thomas Henry Jones (retired). She was re-elected 1993 and 1996 and was defeated 10 February 2001.\n", "Details": "Hilda Margaret Morcombe was born in Perth, Western Australia, in 1942. Her parents, Tom and Betty Morcombe, were farmers in the wheat belt. She attended Methodist Ladies College and then the University of Western Australia, graduating in 1965 with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. Hilda married James Turnbull in 1965, and worked as a general practitioner in partnership with him in Collie for twenty-five years. Her vigorous involvement in the Collie community included eleven years on the Shire Council, and twenty-five as Chairperson of the Collie Welfare Council. Dr. Hilda Turnbull was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly for the National Party of Australia representing the Collie electorate on 4 February 1989. She was re-elected in 1993 and 1996, and defeated on 10 February 2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Warnock, Diana Muriel", "Entry ID": "PR00566", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/warnock-diana-muriel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Diana Warnock was elected as an Australian Labor Party member for Perth\u00a0to Legislative Assembly of the 34th Parliament of Western Australia, Australian Labor Party on 6 February 1993, \u00a0in succession to Ian Christopher Alexander (retired). She was re-elected 1996 but\u00a0did\u00a0not contest general election 10 February 2001.\n", "Details": "Diana Muriel Robinson was born in 1940 to Duncan Robinson, a farmer at Kookynie, Western Australia, and his wife Muriel. Diana was educated at Helena School, Darlington, St. Hilda's Anglican School, and the University of Western Australia, where she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1960. After graduation, she worked as a journalist for the West Australian newspaper, a research assistant for Professor Gordon Reid, a tutor in Women's Studies at Murdoch University, and a radio presenter on ABC 720WF, Radio 6PR and 6NR. Always interested in politics, before entering State Parliament, she was an activist on behalf of women and minority groups. In 1999, she was awarded the Australian Humanist of the Year for her work in society, particularly on behalf of women. In 1993, she was elected Australian Labor Party Member of the Legislative Assembly for Perth. She held several shadow portfolios, was Opposition Whip from May 1996 to January 1997, and President of the Parliamentary Labor Party from 15 January 1997. She retired from Parliament at the 2001 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-diana-muriel-warnock-politician-sound-recording-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-diana-warnock-sound-recording-interviewed-by-laura-bryant\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davies, Mia", "Entry ID": "PR00571", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davies-mia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Mia Davies\u00a0is a\u00a0National Party of Australia member elected to the Thirty-eighth Parliament of Western Australia for the Agricultural Region in the Legislative Council on 6 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Doust, Catherine (Kate) Esther", "Entry ID": "PR00572", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doust-catherine-kate-esther\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Kate Doust is an Australian Labor Party member elected to the Thirty-sixth Parliament of Western Australia for South Metropolitan Region on 10 February 2001, 2005 (for term commencing 22 May 2005). She was re-elected 6 September 2008 for a term commencing 22 May 2009. Her portfolios have included, Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council; Shadow Minister for Energy; Science and Innovation: from 26 September 2008 - present.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Duncan, Wendy Maxine", "Entry ID": "PR00573", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/duncan-wendy-maxine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Wendy Duncan is a National Party of Australia candidate who was elected to the Legislative Council of the Thirty-Seventh Parliament of Western Australia for Agricultural Region on 29 January 2008 to fill vacancy upon resignation of Hon Murray Criddle. She was re-elected 6 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009. She\u00a0has served\u00a0Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Regional Development and Lands, and Minister Assisting the Minister for State Development as well as\u00a0Minister Assisting on Country Transport.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ellery, Suzanne (Sue) Mary", "Entry ID": "PR00574", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellery-suzanne-sue-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Sue Ellery, a current (2009) Western Australian Parliamentarian, has served since 2001 in the Legislative Council for the Australian Labor Party.\n", "Details": "Sue Ellery is a member of the Legislative Council, Western Australia, for the Australian Labor Party. She was elected to the Thirty-sixth Parliament of Western Australia for South Metropolitan Region on 10 February 2001, and re-elected in 2005 (for term commencing 22 May 2005). Ellery was again re-elected 6 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009. She is the Minister for Child Protection, Community Services, Women's Interests, and Seniors and Volunteering.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homelessness-not-just-a-short-term-solution-the-western-australian-state-homelessness-strategy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellery-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sue-ellery-media-statements\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-the-select-committee-on-workers-compensation-in-relation-to-the-workers-compensation-reform-bill-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/disability-services-act-1993-review-options-paper-prepared-by-the-review-steering-committee-et-al\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/redress-wa-acknowledging-the-past-message-from-the-minister\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Faragher, Donna Evelyn Mary", "Entry ID": "PR00575", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faragher-donna-evelyn-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bassendean, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Legislative Council, Liberal Party of Australia. Donna Faragher is a Liberal party of Australia candidate elected to the Legislative Council of the Thirty-seventh Parliament of Western Australia for East Metropolitan Region on 26 February 2005 (for term commencing 22 May 2005). She was re-elected 6 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009. She has held the portfolios of Minister for the Environment and Minister for Youth from 23 September 2008 till the\u00a0present November 2009).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Farina, Adele", "Entry ID": "PR00576", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/farina-adele\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Adele Farina is a member of the Australian Labor Party who was elected to the Legislative Council of the Thirty-sixth Parliament of Western Australia for South West Region on 10 February 2001. She was re-elected in 2005 (for term commencing 22 May 2005), and\u00a0then again\u00a0on\u00a06 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hayden, Alyssa Kathleen", "Entry ID": "PR00579", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hayden-alyssa-kathleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Alyssa Hayden was elected the Liberal Party member to the Legislative Council of the Thirty-eighth Parliament of Western Australia for the East Metropolitan Region on 6 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McSweeney, Robyn Mary", "Entry ID": "PR00581", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcsweeney-robyn-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bridgetown, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Robyn McSweeney was elected to the Legislative Council of the Thirty-sixth Parliament of Western Australia for as the Liberal member for the South West Region on 10 February 2001. She was re-elected in\u00a02005 (for term commencing 22 May 2005) and again on 6 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009. She has held the following portfolios: Minister for Child Protection; Community Services; Seniors and Volunteering: 23 September 2008 - present (November 2009) \u00a0and the Minister for Women's Interests: 9 February 2009 - present (November 2009).\n", "Details": "Robyn Mary McSweeney was born in Bridgetown, Western Australia on 9 October 1957, and educated at Bridgetown and Manjimup High Schools. She has four children with husband Michael, and divides her time between living in Bridgetown and in Perth. McSweeney holds a degree in Politics, Philosophy and Sociology and her main interests and passions lie in issues relating to social and family policy. She was elected as a Member of the Legislative Council for the South West Region in 2001. Robyn also chaired the Legislative Committee on the Adequacy of Foster Care Assessment Procedures in 2005 and served two terms on the Environment and Public Affairs Committee.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robyn-mcsweeney-webpage\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Roberts, Michelle Hopkins", "Entry ID": "PR00586", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roberts-michelle-hopkins\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Michelle Roberts was elected to the Thirty-Fourth Parliament of Western Australia as the Australian Labor Party member for the Legislative Assembly seat of Glendalough at the by-election held on 19 March 1994 to fill the vacancy consequent upon the resignation of Dr Carmen Mary Lawrence. The electorate was abolished in the redistribution of 1994.\u00a0 She was elected to the Thirty-Fifth Parliament for Midland (new seat) on 14 December 1996 and subsequently re-elected in 2001, 2005 and\u00a02008.\n", "Details": "Michelle Hopkins was born in Perth in 1960. Her parents, William and Frances Hopkins, were both business managers. She attended Mercedes College, then graduated from the University of Western Australia with a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma of Education. In 1983 she began teaching at John Curtin Senior High School, and married Gregory Roberts in the same year. Roberts had joined the Australian Labor Party in 1978, and subsequently became prominent in the Teachers' Union, and held a variety of branch positions within the Labor Party. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Western Australia for Glendalough at the by-election held on 19 March 1994 after the resignation of Dr Carmen Mary Lawrence. This electorate was abolished in the redistribution of 1994, and Roberts was elected to the Thirty-Fifth Parliament for Midland (new seat) on 14 December 1996. She was re-elected 2001, 2005, 2008.\nMichelle Hopkins Roberts' page on the Parliament of Western Australia website is at http:\/\/www.parliament.wa.gov.au\/Parliament%5CMemblist.nsf\/WAllMembersFlat\/Roberts,+Michelle+Hopkins?opendocument\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/michelle-hopkins-roberts-media-statements-2005-2008-online\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Xamon, Alison", "Entry ID": "PR00591", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/xamon-alison\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Alison Xamon was elected to the Legislative Council of the Thirty-eighth Parliament of Western Australia as Greens member for the East Metropolitan Region on 6 September 2008 for term commencing 22 May 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alison-xamon-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hallahan, Elsie Kay", "Entry ID": "PR00595", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hallahan-elsie-kay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Policewoman", "Summary": "Kay Hallahan was the first woman to sit in both houses of Western Australian Parliament.\u00a0An Australian Labor Party member she was elected to the Legislative Council of Western Australia on\u00a019 February 1983. She served until 13 January 1993. She switched to the Legislative Assembly when she was elected\u00a06 February 1993, serving until 14 December 1996.\n", "Details": "Elsie Kay Downing (Kay) was born in Perth in 1941 to Eric Stanley Downing, a timber worker, and his wife Elsie. She attended Perth Girls High School, then worked as a calculator operator and office worker, and also undertook various forms of community work. She joined the police force in 1969, and was forced to stand down three years later when she married Pat Hallahan in May, 1972. Hallahan then studied social work and graduated with a degree in 1981, after which she worked at various community health care and rehabilitation facilities, including the Alcohol and Drug Authority. She joined the Australian Labor Party in 1976, and was elected to Legislative Council of the Western Australian Parliament in 1983. She served until 1993, and was then elected to the Legislative Assembly where she remained until 1996. Kay Hallahan was the first woman to sit in both houses of Western Australian Parliament. In 2002 Hallahan received an Order of Australia for her contribution to the State Parliament and a wide range of community organisations.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burton, Carolyn Anne", "Entry ID": "PR00599", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burton-carolyn-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Carolyn Burton\u00a0was\u00a0an Australian Labor Party candidate for the Western Australian Legislative Council. She was elected to the thirty-eighth Parliament of Western Australia for the North Metropolitan Region on 17 September 2008 to fill a vacancy upon the resignation of Hon Graham Giffard on 11 August 2008. She retired 21 May 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eaton, Shelley Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "PR00600", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eaton-shelley-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Political candidate", "Summary": "Shelley Eaton\u00a0is an Australian Labor Party candidate elected to the Legislative Council of the Thirty-Eighth Parliament of Western Australia for Mining and Pastoral Region on 17 September 2008, to fill a vacancy upon the resignation of Hon Vincent Catania on 12 August 2008. She retired on 21 May 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Francis, Iris Duncan", "Entry ID": "PR00719", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/francis-iris-duncan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Summary": "Iris Francis was born in Fremantle, Western Australia, in 1913, into a family with a long history of involvement in the arts. Her grandfather and father (who died when Iris was a week old) had sketched and carved, and her aunt, Pansy Francis, was an accomplished woodcarver. Iris studied at Perth Technical College, gaining a diploma in commercial art, after which she worked at Gibbney & Sons, a commercial art firm. In 1935 she was offered a permanent position at Perth Technical College, where she taught for twelve years until marrying Thomas Wilkinson. During World War II, Francis made topographical maps from aerial photographs for the army. She was also an accomplished cellist.\nFrancis was a member of the Perth Society of Artists, the West Australian Women's Society of Fine Arts and Crafts, and the Studio Club, a group of six or seven women who met weekly to paint together and constructively critique each others' work. They also exhibited together regularly, and Francis's first exhibition was at the Newspaper House Gallery, Perth, in 1934. She worked in a variety of media, including oils, watercolour, ceramics, and linocuts. Melissa Harpley described her as 'a fearless experimenter with technique and medium, subject-matter and modes of representation', noting that 'her clear graphic style was strengthened by her work as a commercial artist, as well as her ongoing experiments with the language of modernism.' Iris Francis died in Perth on June 2, 2004.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aspects-of-perth-modernism-1929-1942-a-catalogue-for-the-exhibition-organised-by-julian-goddard-and-the-centre-for-fine-arts-at-the-university-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-the-image-western-australian-women-artists-1920-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/approaches-to-modernism-the-art-of-portia-bennett-elise-blumann-and-iris-francis-1930s-to-1950s\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Airey, Dianne Phyllis", "Entry ID": "PR00768", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/airey-dianne-phyllis\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Politician", "Summary": "Dianne Airey (Liberal Party of Australia) was a member of the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia between February and May 1993, when Parliament did not sit. She was not sworn in.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-parliament-parliamentary-library-of-western-australia-factsheet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ferguson, Valma Eileen", "Entry ID": "PR00769", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ferguson-valma-eileen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Valma Ferguson (Australian Labor Party) was a Member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia between 1993 and 1997.\n", "Details": "Valma Ferguson (Australian Labor Party) was a Member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia between February and May 1993, during which time Parliament did not sit, and she was not sworn in. Ferguson was returned to the Upper House in April 1995 to fill a casual vacancy after the resignation of former ALP State President Tom Butler. Ferguson served out the remainder of her term, which expired in 1997.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stannage, Miriam Helen", "Entry ID": "PR00789", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stannage-miriam-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northam, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Photographer", "Summary": "Miriam Stannage was born in Northam, Western Australia, in 1939, and was a painter, photographer and printmaker. She travelled to Europe and the USA in the early 1960s, returning to Perth influenced by 'new developments in geographical abstraction'. Stannage studied with William Boissevain 1963-64, then with Henry Froudist 1965-68, as well as at Claremont Technical College, Perth. Extensive travels in the Australian bush are evident in her work, which also often uses text in order enhance her particular form of social commentary. Stannage's first solo exhibition was in 1969 at the Old Fire Station Gallery, Perth, and she was exhibited in major galleries across Australia. Her work is held in the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.\nHer final exhibition 'Miriam Stannage: Survey 2006 - 2016' was underway at the University of Western Australia's Lawrence Wilson Gallery at the time of her death.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grove-art-online-entry-for-miriam-stannage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/looking-closely-at-miriam-stannage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/on-seeing-the-art-of-miriam-stannage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/locating-miriam-stannage-an-interview-by-gordon-bull\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-mccullochs-encyclopedia-of-australian-art\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-painted-image-twenty-western-australian-painters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miriam-stannage-perception-1968-1989-perceptive-perceptions-perceived\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Molloy, Georgiana", "Entry ID": "AWE0046", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/molloy-georgiana\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Near Carlisle, England", "Death Place": "Vasse, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Botanist", "Summary": "Georgiana Molloy emigrated to Western Australia from England in 1830 and settled in Augusta. She collected and despatched seeds of local native plants to J. Mangles FRS who passed them to collectors in the UK. She was known for her detailed botanical descriptions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-with-background-a-life-of-georgiana-molloy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneer-women-pioneer-land-yesterdays-tall-poppies-angus-robertson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/molloy-georgiana-1805-1843\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-letters-of-georgina-molloy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/molloy-family-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/john-and-georgiana-molloy-diaries\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-1829-1838-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-daffen-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-books-1835-1845-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vera-whittington-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-papers-on-western-australian-history-1829-1966-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Forrest, Margaret Elvire", "Entry ID": "AWE0327", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forrest-margaret-elvire\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Le Havre, Normandy, France", "Death Place": "Georgina, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical artist, Botanical collector, Political activist", "Summary": "Margaret Forrest was one of Australia's early botanical artists, and the wife of Western Australia's first Premier. She was born Margaret Elvire Hamersley in 1844, to Edward Hamersley and his French wife Anne Louise (Cornelis). They left London with their two young sons aboard the Shepherd, and arrived at Fremantle in 1837. Edward quickly acquired land around Perth and Fremantle, and became involved in viticulture and horse breeding. In 1843 the family made the first of two voyages back to Europe, and on this first extended sojourn, Margaret was born at La Havre, France, in October 1844. The Hamersley's returned to the Swan River colony in 1850.\nFrom an early age, Margaret Hamersley showed enthusiasm for watercolour painting, spending much time studying and sketching wildflowers. She later travelled on sketching trips with other noted botanical artists Marianne North and Rowan Ellis. She married John Forrest on 29 February, 1876 at St. George's Cathedral, Perth, and became heavily involved in political life, accompanying her husband on overseas and interstate trips. Lady Forrest was an active member of Western Australia's first society for artists and exhibited six wildflower watercolours in the Wilgie First Annual Exhibition of Paintings in 1890. She was a founding member of the Western Australia Society of Arts and the Karrakatta Club which was organised to broaden women's outlook by bringing them in contact with the fine arts. After her death in 1929, her collection was bequeathed to the Art Gallery of Western Australia in 1933.\nSource: http:\/\/www.anbg.gov.au\/biography\/forrest-margaret.html [accessed 15\/03\/2002] and Australian Garden History, vol. 7, no. 6, May\/June 1996, p.12.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-margaret-forrest-1844-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-margaret-forrest-1844-1929-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forrest-margaret-elvire-1844-1929-painter-and-botanical-artist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-biography-of-lady-forrest\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forrest-family-pioneers-of-western-australia-1842-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-forrest\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-forrest-wildflowers-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australias-lady-forrest-1844-1929-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forrest-sir-john-baron-forrest-1847-1918\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-diary-1858-1913-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1867-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1922-june-14-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1910-april-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-1918-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1839-1922-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bullwinkel, Vivian", "Entry ID": "AWE0362", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bullwinkel-vivian\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kapunda, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Health administrator, Nurse, Servicewoman", "Summary": "Vivian Bullwinkel was the sole survivor of the 1942 Banka Island massacre. Post-war, she was Matron of Melbourne's Fairfield Hospital.\n", "Details": "Vivian Bullwinkel grew up in Broken Hill, New South Wales, and Adelaide, South Australia. Her father had migrated to Australia from Essex in 1912 and worked as a jackaroo on a station near Broken Hill before he married and took on a clerical post with Broken Hill South Pty Ltd. Vivian's grandfather was William John Shegog, a member of the South Australian Police Force. At the age of nine, she moved to Adelaide to live with her grandparents but returned to attend Broken Hill High School when she was thirteen. In 1934 she began nursing and midwife training at the Broken Hill and District Hospital. From February 1939 she was working at the Kia-Ora Hospital in Hamilton, Victoria, but moved to Melbourne to enlist at the outbreak of war and worked for a time at the Jessie MacPherson Hospital.\nIn May 1941, Bullwinkel volunteered for the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) and sailed for Singapore, assigned to the 2\/13th Australian General Hospital. In February 1942, she boarded the SS Vyner Brooke with 65 other nurses to flee Singapore following an invasion by Japanese troops, but the ship was sunk by Japanese aircraft two days later. A large number of passengers, including 22 nurses, made it ashore to Radji Beach on Banka Island and decided to surrender to the Japanese. They were joined the following day by about 100 British soldiers. Upon being discovered by Japanese soldiers, however, the men were killed and the nurses ordered to wade into the sea where they were machine-gunned from behind. Bullwinkel was struck by a bullet but feigned death until her persecutors had left. The sole survivor of the massacre, she hid for twelve days before surrendering and spent a further three and a half years in captivity.\nBullwinkel served in Japan in 1946 and 1947 before resigning from the Army as Captain, but she rejoined the Citizen Military Forces in 1955 and served until 1970, when she retired as Lieutenant Colonel. Post-war, Bullwinkel spent 16 years as Matron of Melbourne's Fairfield Hospital and continued as Director of Nursing there until 1977. In that year, she married Colonel F.W. Statham and moved to Perth. She was a member of the Council of the Australian War Memorial, and president of the Australian College of Nursing. In 1992, she returned to Banka Island to unveil a shrine to the nurses who died there.\nVivian Bullwinkel was appointed to the Order of Australia (AO) on 26 January 1993, appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) on 1 January 1973 and awarded the Royal Red Cross Medal on 6 March 1947 for service to the veteran and ex-prisoner of war communities, to nursing, to the Red Cross Society and to the community. She was also the winner of the Florence Nightingale Medal.\nPhotographs, newspaper articles and memorabilia relating to Vivian Bullwinkel were exhibited at the RSL in Argent Street, Broken Hill, in 2000 and the foyer of the Broken Hill Health Service has been named in her honour.\n", "Events": "Assistant Matron of the Repatration General Hospital, Victoria (1956 - 1960) \nDeputy Principal of the Commandant Australia Red Cross Society (1964 - 1973) \nHonourary Life Member of the Australia Red Cross Society (1992 - 1992) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nMarried Col. F W Statham OBE, ED (1977 - 1977) \nMatron of the Fairfield Hospital, Victoria (1961 - 1977) \nMember of the Council College of Nursing Australia (1973 - 1977) \nMember of the Council of Directors of the Royal Humane Society (1973 - 1978) \nMember of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) (1973 - 1973) \nOrder of Australia (AO) (1993 - 1993) \nPresident of the College of Nursing Australia (1973 - 1974) \nPresident of the Soroptimist Clubs, Victoria (1972 - 1974) \nRoyal Red Cross Medal (1947 - 1947) \nSole survivor of Banka Island, where 21 Australian army nurses were massacred by Japanese soldiers (1942 - 1942) \nStaff member of the 13th Australian General Hospital, Australian Infantry Forces (1941 - 1941) \nStaff member of the Hamilton Private Hospital, Victoria (1939 - 1940) \nStaff member of the Jessie McPherson Hospital, Melbourne (1940 - 1941) \nTrustee of the National War Memorial, Canberra (1963 - 1977) \nWarden of Western Australian State War Memorial (first woman to be appointed) (1988 - 1989)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bullwinkel-vivian-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uncommon-australians-towards-an-australian-portrait-gallery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twentieth-century-women-of-courage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rsl-returned-sisters-sub-branchthanksgiving-service-100-years-of-australian-army-nursing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/transcript-of-the-eulogy-given-by-the-hon-bruce-scott-the-minister-for-veterans-affairs-and-minister-assisting-the-minister-for-defence-on-behalf-of-the-prime-minister-of-australia-at-the-state-funer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vivian-bullwinkel-ao-mbearrc-ed-fnm-frcna-18-12-1915-3-7-2000-survivor-of-the-bangka-island-massacre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurse-survivors-of-the-vyner-brooke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brave-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurses-revisit-war-hell-bangka-island-singapore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tributes-pour-in-for-the-hero-of-paradise-road\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-war-the-exceptional-life-of-wilma-oram-young-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/service-nurses-honoured-with-long-awaited-memorial\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wwii-nursing-heroine-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heroic-wartime-nurse-vivian-bullwinkel-dies-in-hospital-aged-84\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vivian-statham-nee-bullwinkel-eulogy-for-state-funeral-st-georges-cathedral-perth-monday-10-july-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portraits-in-australian-health\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-war-nurses-the-history-of-the-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-1902-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speech-on-the-occasion-of-the-dedication-of-the-site-of-the-australian-service-nurses-national-memorial-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/butchery-on-bangka\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lasting-testimony-to-local-war-hero\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bullwinkel-honored-as-world-war-two-hero\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/exhibition-highlights-wartime-survivor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurses-bravery-example-to-others\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/state-funeral-farewell-for-sister-bullwinkel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/third-anzac-arrives-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/she-looked-for-a-warm-place-to-die\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurses-four-years-ordeal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-bullwinkel-the-untold-uncensored-story\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-crimes-and-trials-affidavits-and-sworn-statements\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-awards-for-services-rendered-whilst-prisoners-of-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-crimes-and-trials-affidavits-and-sworn-statements-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/campaign-in-malaya-and-singapore-escape-before-and-after-capitulation-and-evacuation-of-civilians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bullwinkel-v-sister-international-military-tribunal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bullwinkel-vivian-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-historian-1939-1945-war-biographical-files\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radio-talk-presented-by-abc-war-correspondent-haydon-lennard-release-of-nurses-box-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-nurses-who-were-former-prisoners-of-war-pows-ob-board-the-hospital-ship-manunda-on-its-arrival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bullwinkel-vivian-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Craig, Audrey Beatrice", "Entry ID": "AWE0496", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/craig-audrey-beatrice\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Servicewoman", "Summary": "On 17 March 1946, Wing Officer Audrey Herring was appointed to the position of Staff Officer in the Directorate of Personal Services Women's Auxiliary Australian Airforce (WAAAF). Previously the Deputy Director WAAAF since 17 November 1943, in this new appointment Herring became responsible for all WAAAF matters.\nPrior to joining the WAAAF, Herring worked as a journalist at the Courier Mail in Brisbane and also wrote for Women's Weekly before she worked on Fleet Street, London, in 1937. Following the outbreak of the World War II she returned to Brisbane and became a Red Cross volunteer, at times cooking breakfasts for servicemen on leave.\nAfter joining the WAAAF, Herring completed the No 1 administrative course at Methodist Ladies College, Kew. During her time in the Service she was promoted through the ranks and before being discharged was effectively in charge of the organisation.\nIn 1947 Herring was recruited by Sir Keith Murdoch to become the women's editor for the Herald and Weekly Times. She left the company in March 1948 to marry Dr John Craig and the couple moved to Western Australia.\nIn Perth Audrey Craig became involved with community services. She was a member of the Western Australian branch of the Save the Children Fund and sponsored children from destitute backgrounds for 35 years. Also she was a board member of the Western Australian Hospital Benefits Fund for 15 years as well as being a friend of the Royal Perth Hospital for 25 years and a financial supporter of the Bible Society of Australia.\nAudrey Craig died on 11 May 1994 in Western Australia.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1930 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/high-flyer-in-print-and-volunteer-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herring-audrey-beatrice\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jull, Roberta Henrietta Margaritta", "Entry ID": "AWE0547", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jull-roberta-henrietta-margaritta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland", "Death Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Medical practitioner", "Summary": "Roberta Jull was the first woman to establish a medical practice in Perth in 1897. She became active in social welfare, public health and politics. In 1918 Jull became the first Medical Officer of Schools in the Western Australian Public Health Department and took a leading part in the infant health movement.\n", "Events": "Adviser to the royal commission on the administration of Perth City (1938 - 1938) \nBecame a member of the Karrakatta Club for Women, Perth (1897 - 1897) \nCampaigned effectively for the early closing bill and for conscription in the referenda (1916 - 1917) \nElected Honorary Life Associate for the Guild of Undergraduates at the University of Western Australia (1933 - 1933) \nElected Honorary Life Member of the British Medical Association, Western Australian Branch (1930 - 1930) \nEstablished a medical practice in Perth, the first woman to do so (1897 - 1897) \nFederal president of the Association of University Women (1926 - 1928) \nFoundation member and first president of the Association of University Women (1925 - 1927) \nFoundation member and president of the Women's University College Fund committee (1927 - 1927) \nFoundation member of the British Medical Association, Western Australian Branch (1897 - 1897) \nFoundation president of the residential university women's college (St Catherine's) (1946 - 1946) \nGraduated from Glasgow University (Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery) (1896 - 1896) \nJoined her brother's practice at Guilford, Western Australia (1896 - ) \nJoined the Western Australian Department of Public Heath as medical officer for schools (1917 - 1928) \nLocal supervisor of public examinations for the University of Adelaide (1896 - 1896) \nMarried Martin Edward Jull, Under Secretary for the Public Works Department, afterwards first Public Servic Commissioner, Western Australia (1898 - 1898) \nMember of the Australian delegation to the League of Nations Congress (1929 - 1929) \nMember of the Senate for the University of Western Australia (1915 - 1942) \nPresident of the National Council of Women of Western Australia (1930 - 1932) \nSupported legislation for compulsory notification and treatment of venereal diseases (1915 - 1915) \nVice-president of the Women's Immigration Auxiliary Council (1930 - 1930) \nWarden of Convocation of the University of Western Australia (1925 - 1930)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jull-roberta-henrietta-margaritta-1872-1961\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uphill-all-the-way-a-documentary-history-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roberta-jull\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heredity-and-environment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-story-of-the-alexandra-home-for-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-henrietta-drake-brockman-1901-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-roberta-jull-collection-of-biographical-material\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1881-1959-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1899-1956-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1630-1967-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-henrietta-drake-brockman-1882-1975-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beadle, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0552", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beadle-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Clunes, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "West Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Social worker", "Summary": "After being exposed to 'sweated labour' conditions while working in the Melbourne clothing industry during the 1880s, Jean Beadle was inspired to dedicate her life to the betterment of conditions for women and children. Known as the 'The Grand Old Lady of the Labor Party,' she was a founding member of the Women's Political and Social Crusade and the Labor Women's Organization in Victoria (1898), Fremantle (1905) and Goldfields (1906). She was also a delegate to the Eastern Goldfields District Council of the State Australian Labor Party. Beadle was one of the first women appointed as a Justice of the Peace in Western Australia, sitting for many years on the Married Women's Court. She was later appointed to serve as an honorary Justice on the bench of the Children's Courts. An official visitor to the women's section of the Fremantle Prison, Beadle also was instrumental in the building of the King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women. She was secretary, of the King Edward Memorial Hospital Advisory Board, from 1921 until her death. In recognition of her dedicated service the hospital annually awards a Jean Beadle scholarship.\n", "Details": "Jane (Jean) Beadle was born on 1 January 1868 at Clunes in Victoria. She was a miner's daughter. In Melbourne as a young woman she began her life-long activism for labour and progressive causes. She married iron moulder Henry Beadle on 19 May 1888 and had three children as she continued her political and industrial work. In 1901 the family decided to migrate to Western Australia to 'make some money'.\nJean organised the Women's Labor League in 1905 at the port of Fremantle where she initially lived. When the family moved to Boulder in 1906, she formed the Eastern Goldfields Women's Labor League, with meetings held alternately in Boulder and Kalgoorlie. Prejudice was strong in some quarters, the Sun newspaper labelling the meetings a 'convention of cackle'. She knew that, if women were to play an equal role in the life of the labour movement, they had to be active in both political and industrial labour. And she had no time for the notion of women's frailty, insisting that 'sometimes, it's the man who's the clinging vine'.\nAs well as promoting labour causes, Jean and the League campaigned for a maternity ward at the Boulder Hospital, the registration of nurses and a foundling home for abandoned babies. She organised the goldfields shop assistants to fight for better pay and conditions (chiefly shorter hours).\nShe spoke at public meetings, organised fundraisers for strikers' families, ran public lectures, travelled around the goldfields' towns to establish League branches and represented the League on many labour bodies.\nJean Beadle was a Labor leader, a fluent public speaker, excellent organiser and committed reformer and socialist. It was essential, she believed, to meet 'the real needs of the people' and to stop 'the waste of human life, of human abilities and capacities'.\nWhen she left the goldfields in 1914 she donated her presentation purse of sovereigns to striking woodcutters.\nIn Perth she became chairperson of the Labor Women's Club, campaigning on issues including peace, disarmament, women's health, education, maternity allowances, pensions and child endowment. She was a committed anti-conscriptionist during World War I. She joined the State Executive of the Labor Party in the mid-1920s.\nShe was a special magistrate on the Children's Court and a foundation member of the Women Justices' Association. She was active in the establishment of the King Edward Memorial Hospital. For many years she was an official visitor to the women's section of Fremantle Prison. In the 1920s she was vice-president of the Workers' Educational Association. During the Depression, she served as treasurer to the West Perth Relief Committee.\nIt was a lifetime of Labor activism.\nShe died on 22 May 1942, aged 74.\n", "Events": "Founding member of the first Labor Women's Organization in Australia (1898 - 1898) \nFounding member of the first Western Australian Women's Political and Social Crusade (later the Women's Labor League) at Fremantle (1905 - 1905) \nFounding president of the Goldfields Women's Labor League (1906 - 1911) \nHonorary justice on the Children's Court Bench (1915 - 1929) \nInvited by the Labor Women's Organisation to stand for Labor pre-selection for the Senate (unsuccessful) (1931 - 1931) \nJean with her husband, Harry, and family move to Western Australia (1901 - 1901) \nJustice of the Peace (1919 - 1942) \nOrganized a Victorian relief committee for the Broken Hill strikers (1892 - 1892) \nPresided over the second Labor Women's conference (1927 - 1927) \nPresident of the first Labor Women's Conference (1912 - 1912) \nPresident of the Perth Women's Branch of the Australian Labor Party (1930 - 1935) \nPresident of the Women Justices' Association (1930 - 1938) \nSecretary of the King Edward Memorial Hospital Advisory Board (1921 - 1942) \nVice-president of Women's Political and Social Crusade (1898 - 1901)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beadle-jane-1868-1942\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-truly-great-australian-woman-jean-beadles-work-among-western-australian-women-and-children-1901-1942\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-thick-of-every-battle-for-the-cause-of-labor-the-voluntary-work-of-the-labor-womens-organisations-in-western-australia-1900-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/potential-inefficients-at-best-criminal-at-worst-the-girl-problem-and-juvenile-delinquency-in-western-australia-1907-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uphill-all-the-way-a-documentary-history-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-women-political-housekeepers-or-politicians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminism-an-early-tradition-amongst-western-australian-labor-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminism-in-labor-womens-organisations-1905-to-1917\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-labour-womens-power-women-in-the-western-australian-labour-movement-from-the-early-1900s-to-the-depression\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-beadle-a-life-of-labor-activism\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1899-1962-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kent, Ivy Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0620", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kent-ivy-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Ivy Kent, the daughter of William and Elizabeth Woods, was educated at Iona Convent (New South Wales) and Mosman's Park in Western Australia. Kent, who was a leader in the Labour Women's Movement of Western Australia, a worker in youth welfare and an officer of the Housewives Association, established a club for neglected girls during World War I. She served on the Married Women's Relief Court for 20 years and was a member of the Lotteries Commission, the Adult Education Board, the National Fitness Executive and Soldiers' Dependants' Appeal. In 1944 Kent became the first woman commissioner of the Australian Broadcasting Commission (representing Western Australia). In 1953 Kent was elected Foundation President of the Association of Civilian Widows in Western Australia, a movement which became national five years later. In 1959 she was elected National President, and later, National Life Governor. On 1 January 1968 Ivy Kent was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for her service to the welfare of women and children.\n", "Events": "Appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (1968 - 1968) \nFirst woman member of the Australian Broadcasting Commission (representing Western Australia) (1944 - 1951) \nFoundation member of the National Fitness Council of Western Australia (1945 - 1969) \nFoundation president of the Association of Civilian Widows in Western Australia (1953 - 1971) \nMade a Justice of the Peace (1936 - 1936) \nMarried Arthur G Kent, they had 4 sons (all served in World War II) and 4 daughters (1910 - 1910) \nNational President of the Association of Civilian Widows (1959 - 1959)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ivy-kent-resume-of-the-life-of-mrs-ivy-kent\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-biographical-register-1788-1939-notes-from-the-name-index-of-the-australian-dictionary-of-biography-volume-i-a-k\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Johnston, Isabella Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE0804", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnston-isabella-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Barrhead, Renfrewshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Isabella Johnston (n\u00e9e Miller) was born at Barrhead, Scotland in 1891. She joined her aunt Amelia MacDonald in Perth, Western Australia, in 1910 and became active in the Perth Women's Service Guilds of which her aunt [Amelia MacDonald] was a founder member.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-justices-and-the-women-justices-association-of-wa-a-history-of-the-womens-justices-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/looking-back-50-years-in-relation-to-the-establishment-of-a-maternity-hospital-for-women-1909-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-west-australian-womens-parliament-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1909-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/isabel-johnston-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bennett, Mary Montgomerie (Montgomery)", "Entry ID": "AWE0808", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennett-mary-montgomerie-montgomery\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Mary Montgomerie Bennett spent her childhood in Queensland, returning to London from 1903 to 1908 to study, and again in 1914 to marry. When her husband died in 1927 she returned to Western Australia to pursue her interest in Aboriginal education. She worked at the Mount Margaret Mission from 1932, dramatically improving educational outcomes through the implementation of progressive teaching methods. Over the next three decades Bennett was a passionate advocate for Aboriginal rights employing her connections with international humanitarian groups and women's organisations to support her campaigns to improve the lives of Aborigines, in particular Aboriginal women.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennett-mary-montgomerie-1881-1961\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/teaching-the-aborigines-data-from-mount-margaret-mission-w-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-aboriginal-mother-in-western-australia-in-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-aboriginal-as-a-human-being\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/human-rights-for-australian-aborigines-how-can-they-learn-without-a-teacher\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hunt-and-die-the-prospect-for-the-aborigines-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-montgomerie-bennett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ideas-have-wings-white-women-challenge-aboriginal-policy-1920-1937\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-circles-fragmenting-indigenous-families-1800-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-drop-in-a-bucket-the-mount-margaret-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-devanny-romantic-revolutionary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-andrews-interviewed-by-peter-read-in-the-peter-read-collection-of-interviews-conducted-for-his-book-entitled-charles-perkins-a-biography-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-19-1999-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-mt-margaret-aboriginal-mission-1921-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-montgomerie-bennett-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allegations-by-mrs-m-bennett-in-regard-to-native-slavery-inadequate-reserves-and-traffic-in-native-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-devanny-archive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leeper-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cope, Madeleine (Madge)", "Entry ID": "AWE0811", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cope-madeleine-madge\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Barnsley, Yorkshire, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Unionist", "Summary": "Unionist and activist Madge Cope was born in Yorkshire and migrated to Australia in 1915, aged 11. With her parents and two brothers she settled on a farm in Carnamah. She later married her neighbour, Harold Cope, and the pair had four children. Cope himself was born to an English father and an Australian mother.\nDuring wartime, the Copes sold pies at Victoria Park. They grew tomatoes at Geraldton, then Guildford, where they also sold flowers. In 1966, while driving on a gravel road, Madge lost control on a bend and hit a truck. Harold was thrown from the vehicle and died on the road after telling the truck driver to look after his wife, who was trapped in the car.\nMadge became involved with the Communist Party in Guildford, and was made a life member of the Guildford Association. She joined the Peace Movement and the Union of Australian Women. She also wrote short stories, two of which were published in the magazine Our Women. Madge died in 2001, aged 97 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fight-for-the-good\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-madge-cope-sound-recording-interviewed-by-linda-coleman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-madge-cope-sound-recording-interviewed-by-stuart-reid\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-madge-cope-sound-recording-interviewed-by-sally-speed\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1938-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gilchrist, Roma Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE0812", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gilchrist-roma-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Peace activist", "Summary": "Roma Gilchrist was first a member of the Modern Women's Club before joining the Union of Australian Women, Western Australian Branch. She was vice-president in 1954 and president from 1957 until 1971.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roma-gilchrist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-john-and-roma-gilchrist-1927-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Prichard, Katharine Susannah", "Entry ID": "AWE0814", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prichard-katharine-susannah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fiji", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Writer", "Summary": "Katharine Susannah Prichard, author, pacifist, Communist, indefatigable political activist, chose to live on the outskirts of Perth, Western Australia, for fifty years, from 1919 until her death in 1969. Her life is one of courage, determination, hard work, great joy and satisfaction, and tragedy. During her lifetime she developed an international reputation as a novelist, she was recognised as one of Australia's foremost writers, and she established an almost legendary reputation locally as a political activist whose initiatives made a profound impact upon the lives of many West Australians. In the midst of such physical isolation and unsophisticated conservatism, how was her brilliant light able to shine so readily?\n", "Details": "Katharine Susannah Prichard was born on 4 December 1883, the first child of Edith Isabel Fraser, a talented painter, and Tom Prichard, a journalist with the Fiji Times. In her autobiography, Child of the Hurricane (1964), she attributes her own strength of character and political idealism to the complex interaction of the immense securities and insecurities of her early childhood. The Prichard and Fraser families had migrated to Australia from Britain on the sailing ship Eldorado in 1853, a ninety-four day sea voyage of astonishing hardship. Tom Prichard was the second youngest son of ten Prichard children, 4 years old on arrival in Australia; Edith Isabel Fraser was the fourth of nine Fraser children but the first to be born in Australia. Katharine Susannah recalls that her father used to say he had fallen in love with Edith when she was a schoolgirl, and made up his mind then that she was the girl he wanted to marry. The Prichard and Fraser families had remained warm friends after their long and hazardous sea voyage to a new land : they became inextricably linked when the eldest of the Prichard sons married one of the elder Prichard girls, and a younger Fraser boy married one of the Prichard girls. Tom Prichard's marriage to Edith Isabel Fraser added to the complex interrelatedness of the family: for Katharine Susannah, growing up in the centre of a large and loving web of aunts, uncles, cousins and their relatives meant great security.\nBy her own definition, Katharine Susannah Prichard was a child of the hurricane. In her autobiography, published in 1964, she describes her birth on 4 December 1883 in Fiji thus:\nDawn threw wan light on the devastation caused by the hurricane; the township bashed and battered as though by a bombardment, the sea-wall washed away, the sea breaking through the main street, ships in the harbour blown ashore or onto the reef, coconut plantations beaten to the ground. But in that bungalow on the hillside, natives gazed with awe at the baby the hurricane had left in its wake. \"Na Luve ni Cava,\" they exclaimed. \"She is a child of the hurricane.\"\nBorn into a charmed circle of calm out of a wild and tempestuous night, Katharine Susannah Prichard seems to have been able to combine these two qualities - passionate criticism of social injustice and determination to expose and rail against unjust laws, with a sweet and gentle disposition. In her autobiography she stresses her strong will, and her early ability to charm through the sheer force of her personality. She attributes many of her later characteristics to the early Fijian experience - particularly her love for the natural world, and her instinctive sympathy\u2026for people of the native races. She was particularly attached to her devoted Fijian carer, N'gardo. Maybe N'gardo is responsible for the instinctive sympathy I've always had for people of the native races. It is, I think, a tribute to that dark, protective presence in my early life.\nBut tragedy struck early in her life : the decision for the 2 year old Kattie to travel to Victoria with her mother for the birth of her brother Alan left N'gardo inconsolable, certain she had gone forever, and in his grief he died. This was the first of several tragic deaths of significant men in her life.\nDuring Katharine Susannah's childhood, following her journalist father's searches for work, her immediate family moved from Fiji to Tasmania and finally to Melbourne, establishing always a lively circle of friends and acquaintances for whom ideas were centrally important.\nHer awakening to injustice is recorded in one of her early novels, The Wild Oats of Han, in a scene recalling her own family trauma where Han and her brothers are returning from a delightful picnic with a servant to find cartloads of the family furniture rolling down the hill, sold because the family could no longer make ends meet. Unemployment, injustice, ill-deserved poverty - all troubled the young Katharine. This incident seems to have bred in the young girl a desire to be strong and influential in her adulthood. She felt helpless and yet responsible for finding a way out of their troubles. From this time on Tom Prichard's mental health was precarious , and a constant source of worry to the family. Her autobiography suggests it was the combination of being so well loved, and yet insecure because of her father's unpredictably uncertain health, which caused Katharine Susannah to be so determined to right the world's perceived injustices. This determination, accompanied by a prodigious intelligence fostered at appropriate times, a thirst for knowledge, an eye for detail and an early desire to write, created a woman whose passionate idealism shaped all that she did.\nKatharine Susannah Prichard's literary talents were displayed early. Before the family left Tasmania she published her first short story in the children's page of a Melbourne newspaper. Her second story, \"The Brown Boy\", won a prize, and caused quite a stir in her family. Most importantly of all for the young Kattie, she had earned a guinea for the story, which she proudly passed on to her father. She decided then to become a writer. Although neither parent took her stated ambition seriously at that stage, her mother fostered in her a love for words, for rhythms, for imaginative writing, by keeping up a constant supply of books by British poets and novelists. The love of learning and for ideas thus instilled, remained with her throughout her life.\nAt age 14 Katharine Susannah won a scholarship to South Melbourne College. There, under the tutelage of the principal, J. B. O'Hara, she embarked upon the happiest and most valuable years of her school life, and was greatly encouraged in her writing. Her determination to be a writer seems to have guided her from this time on. Although she wanted to go to University, there was not enough money in the Prichard family for all four children to go, and in spite of the relative emancipation of the family's views, as a girl Katharine Susannah stepped aside to allow her younger brothers Alan and Nigel to have a university education. Instead she went to night school, and kept in close contact with those of her friends who had gone to university.\nIn 1904, aged 21, determined to broaden her experience of Australian people and landscape, Katharine Susannah Prichard took a series of jobs as a governess in outback Australia, all of which provided useful material for her writing.\nAfter several years she returned to Melbourne to live with her family and became a journalist. ln 1907 her father committed suicide.\n In 1908 she was sent to London to cover the Franco-British exhibition for the Melbourne Herald. This taste of cosmopolitan life exhilarated her, and in 1912, aged 29, she returned to London, hoping, as Drusilla Modjeska points out, like so many other talented Australian women of her generation, to find ways of living professionally and independently in the comparative freedom of London. Although life was hard, for Katharine Susannah it was a life full of passionate exploration of ideas. She became part of a circle of artists and writers, and embarked upon a systematic study of socialist ideas, so providing a great background for her subsequent study of Marxism. Her pacifism was confirmed when she travelled to northern France and saw the atrocities of war at first hand.\nAs a writer the climax of her London stay came in 1915 when she won the prestigious Australian section of the Hodder and Stoughton All Empire novel competition with The Pioneers. For this she won 250 pounds, a considerable sum, and with renewed confidence in her Australian future as a radical writer she returned to Melbourne. Here, in spite of her clearly articulated controversial views, she was welcomed back into the bosom of her family - support she considers worthy of recording in her autobiography:\n Kattie's had the opportunity of learning more than we did, Lil,\" Mother replied placidly. \"Perhaps the old ways and ideas are good enough for us, but she belongs to a different generation.\"\n That was how mother reconciled my unorthodox views to her own conceptions of right and wrong. So wise and gentle she was in her acceptance of the sincerity of my convictions, even when she didn't sympathize with or understand them. Her love and loyalty always defended me if anyone dared in her presence to criticize what I thought and did.\nSuch family harmony was disrupted when tragedy struck again with the death of her beloved brother Alan on the battlefields of France.\nIn 1917, Katharine Susannah was greatly affected by news of the Russian revolution. In her autobiography she writes:\n That the revolution was an event of world-shaking importance, I didn't doubt\u2026.press diatribes against Lenin, Trotsky and Bolshevism indicated that they were guided by the theories of Marx and Engels. I lost no time in buying and studying all the books of these writers available in Melbourne\u2026Discussion \u2026confirmed my impression that these theories provided the only logical basis that I had come across for the reorganisation of our social system.\n My mind was illuminated by the discovery. It was the answer to what I had been seeking : a satisfactory explanation of the wealth and power which controlled our lives - their origin, development, and how, in the process of social evolution, they could be directed towards the well-being of a majority of the people, so that poverty, disease, prostitution, superstition and war would be eliminated; peoples of the world would live in peace, and grow towards a perfecting of their existence on this earth\nIn London Katharine Susannah Prichard had met a dashing young Australian soldier, Hugo Throssell, who had been awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery. On his return to Australia in 1919 they married and together went to live at Greenmount, a hills suburb on the outskirts of Perth, Western Australia. Here, in the most isolated city in the world, she lived for the rest of her life, passionately committed to her writing and her political activism, balancing these activities with the inevitable demands of home, family and friendship.\nDrusilla Modjeska records that when Katharine Susannah Prichard arrived in Perth in 1919, two major industrial disputes, one on the goldfields and one on the waterfront, were reaching their climax. Trades Hall was flying a red flag, and arrested miners from the Kalgoorlie goldfields were being brought to Perth for trial. These were turbulent times. The wharfies' strike in May 1919 resulted in the conservative Colbatch government ordering mounted police to advance on the barricaded strikers. One striker was killed and seven were wounded. Katharine Susannah Prichard, as one of the first Marxists to arrive in Perth, was quickly in demand as a public speaker. Her talks on the waterfront with the strikers were amongst the first encounters between a Marxist and these striking workers. Drusilla Modjeska records that Katharine Susannah Prichard's first political pamphlet The New Order (1919) was written in response to the demand for accessible information on Marxism. It was reputedly anecdotal and descriptive, rather than being analytical and politically sophisticated, but it was optimistic and enthusiastic about the possibility of revolution. With like-minded people from the Eastern states of Australia, Katharine Susannah Prichard had been a founding member of the Communist Party of Australia. At all times her husband supported her political stance. This was not always without complication. In her autobiography she recalls a time immediately after their arrival in Western Australia when Hugo Throssell was being hailed as a war hero, and was invited to speak at the Armistice Day celebrations being held at his hometown of Northam. To the assembled crowd in the street he described the horror and misery of war, and declared that the suffering he had seen there had made him a socialist. These sentiments from a national war hero, son of a respected conservative former State Premier, were radical indeed.\nBy 1922, Katharine Susannah's hopes for revolution in Australia had diminished. In May 1922, Katharine Susannah Prichard's and Hugo Throssell's only child, a son, Ric Throssell, was born. For the rest of that decade, she devoted herself to her writing and her family. It was not until 1933 after Hugo Throssell's tragic death, that she threw herself headlong into fulltime political activism again.\nKatharine Susannah Prichard's first decade in Western Australia seems to have been an exceptionally busy, fertile and happy period of her life. During this time she wrote what are considered to be her best novels : Working Bullocks (1926), Coonardoo (1928), and Haxby's Circus (1930). Intimate Strangers was completed by 1933, but not published until 1937.\nLiterary critics who hail the novels from this period as her best, allude frequently to the creative tensions found here in the blending of a romanticism and elemental sexuality whose origins lay in the work of D. H. Lawrence, and an Australian realism motivated by a desire to portray the real lives of Australian women and men. For Katharine Susannah Prichard, committed as she was to the Communist Party and its ideals, writing fiction served a political as well as a literary purpose. She wrote about class and race relations, and about the relationship of white and black Australians to their landscape. She took her research seriously: for Working Bullocks she lived with the timber cutters in the south west karri forest; for Haxby's Circus she travelled with Wirth's Circus; and for Coonardoo she stayed on a station in the northwest, becoming familiar with the landscapes and the people inhabiting them before using them as settings for her novels. Her pride in Australia and her focus on the harsh realities and extraordinary beauty of the Australian bush, forest and desert earned her the admiration of other writers and intellectuals. Drusilla Modjeska, whose focus as a literary critic has been on Australian women writers prominent in the 1930s, tells us that these writers assumed a central position in Australian cultural life because they, Katharine Susannah Prichard especially, helped develop a sense of national identity, and deliberately raised in their novels cultural questions which had not been raised before.\nCoonardoo provides one of the earliest articulations of the indigenous Australian people as real human beings capable of genuine human emotion, morality and intelligence. In this novel, set in the vast cattle country of the northwest of Australia, the heroine, Coonardoo, is a young Aboriginal woman whose attraction for the young white landlord, Hughie, is posited as elemental, instinctual and inevitable. Hughie's failure to follow his instincts and to accept Coonardoo as his lifelong partner is frequently read as a metaphor for the invading Europeans' failure to understand or develop empathy for this ancient and harshly beautiful land. Coonardoo was serialised by the national journal The Bulletin in 1928, but such was the conservative and imperialist nature of the white Australian population that it caused an uproar of indignation and protest.\nAlthough her writing met thus with public protest, Katharine Susannah Prichard's skill and courage in writing about crucial and controversial issues earned her the admiration of contemporary critics. Thematically and stylistically her work was admired by her literary colleagues. Drusilla Modjeska records that as early as 1925, writer Louis Esson wrote to colleague Vance Palmer that he and Hilda Esson were reading the manuscript of Working Bullocks and found it astonishingly good. It is most unconventional, and it is less like an ordinary story than like actual life. You feel you are living in the karri forests. On reading the novel himself, Vance Palmer wrote excitedly to the poet Frank Wilmot:\nI hope the book gets a good spin in Australia, for something tells me it marks a crisis in our literary affairs. Nettie Palmer shares their excitement, giving it a more detailed assessment: Working Bullocks seems to me different not only in quality but in kind. No one else has written with quite that rhythm, or seen the world in quite that way. The creative lyricism of the style impresses me more than either the theme or characters. From slang, from place names, from colloquial turns of speech, from descriptions of landscape and people at work, she has woven a texture that covers the whole surface of the book with a shimmer of poetry\u2026 It is a breakthrough that will be as important for other writers as for KSP herself.\nLater, in 1953, the critic Wilkes wrote in the Australian journal Southerly, Vol 14 No 4\u2026[KSP] has become the foremost of the school, the novelist who has striven most consistently to make the continent articulate through her writing. The critic H.M. Green wrote of Working Bullocks as having \u2026a kind of warmth and glow which seems to be a reflection of heat and light and the colour-effects of the landscape. Much later, in 1960s, as Ric Throssell records, Vance Palmer wrote: Young people of today may not be fully aware of the flood of new life which KSP poured into our writing\u2026 If a change has come over our attitude to the Aboriginals it is largely due to the way KSP brought them near to us.\nIntimate Strangers is the only one of her novels to deal explicitly with white middleclass marriages and relationships, and is thought by many critics to be significantly autobiographical. It was written at a time of crisis in her marriage. Hugo Throssell was deeply troubled: his employment prospects had been severely damaged by his and Katharine Susannah's very public political activities, and he was plagued by financial worries. Once again the novel plays out the tensions between romanticism and realism, but this time it has tragic consequences. The bankrupt husband in Intimate Strangers kills himself and Elodie is thus freed to pursue a more satisfactory sexual liaison. Katharine Susannah had completed this manuscript before travelling to Russia for six months in 1933. In a cruel replay of the events of her earlier family life, on her way home from Europe she learned that her husband, deeply troubled by terrible financial debts, had suicided. She was devastated. Thirty years later in her autobiography she wrote: I could not have imagined that\u2026he would take his own life. I had absolute faith in him and don't know how I survived the days when I realised I would never see him again. The end of our lives together is still inexplicable to me.\nAfter her husband's death, Katharine Susannah Prichard took up political activism with renewed intensity. The cumulative world crises of the 1930s - the Depression; fascism with its assault on freedom of speech, its censorship and brutality, and its persecution of German and Italian writers living in Australia ; and the Spanish Civil War - made a huge impact upon Australian writers. Katharine Susannah Prichard was one of the founding members of the Movement against War and Fascism which had been inaugurated in Amsterdam. At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War she organised the Spanish Relief Committee in Western Australia. During the 1930s the Fellowship of Australian Writers was taken over by the Left, and Katharine Susannah Prichard was supported in her opposition to fascism in Europe and a reactionary government at home. One of the rallying points of this period concerned the visit to Australia of the internationally renowned Egon Kisch. Kisch had come to Australia to speak at an anti-war congress in Victoria in 1934. He was refused entry into Australia by a conservative and frightened government who went to extraordinary lengths to exclude him, using a language test in Gaelic to exclude this highly cultured and educated man who was fluent in seven languages. His exclusion offended the hospitality and international solidarity of Australian writers. Katharine Susannah Prichard was reportedly on the Fremantle wharf to greet him, and, when his ship docked in Melbourne, she was amongst a small group or radicals who spirited him away after he had jumped onto the wharf, breaking his leg. The incident captured the public imagination, and Kisch addressed huge public meetings in the Eastern States of Australia. In spite of the apparent public support for freedom of speech, however, in the early 1940s the Communist Party was outlawed in Australia, and individuals were persecuted and arrested for having Marxist literature in their possession. There was no doubt that at this time mainstream Australia disapproved of the ideals which Katharine Susannah Prichard passionately believed in.\nOne of the fascinating aspects of Katharine Susannah Prichard's life was that although she undoubtedly sought and received support for her political views from around Australia and indeed around the world, in Western Australia her activism was specific, practical and widely admired. One of her most significant initiatives for local women was her establishment of The Modern Women's Club in the 1930s. This group met in central Perth for lunch one day each week, and guest speakers were invited to stimulate discussion on an enormous range of social issues. Here women from the Left mingled with much more conservative women whose desire for peace, or for the overturn of some perceived social injustice, had brought them together. This club continued for decades. My own oral history research indicates that the networks thus established arguably had a profound impact upon the lives of individual Western Australian women, and fed directly into the Vietnam Moratorium movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the establishment of the Women's Liberation and Women's Electoral Lobby of the early 1970s, and the more broadly based peace and Green movements of the 1980s and 1990s.\nThe literary work of Katharine Susannah Prichard after the 1930s is often considered by critics to have been undermined by her adherence to the Communist Party and its Stalinist directives that all literature reflect socialist realism. Certainly in the trilogy The Roaring Nineties (1946), Golden Miles (1948), and Winged Seeds (1950) the earlier focus on sexuality gives way to a focus on work. Perhaps the most significant conflict for Katharine Susannah was that whereas writing demanded solitude, Communist activism demanded collectivity.\nIronically, friends and associates of Katharine Susannah Prichard's have suggested that the smallness and isolation of Perth, which many residents found limiting, may have been one of the most significant factors in her being so visible and may well have contributed to the local community's acceptance of who she was and how she chose to express her marvellous gifts. Katharine Susannah Prichard, for all her gentleness, was a larger-than-life figure. She belonged to a world community. In 1943 she became a member of the Communist Party's Central Committee. In 1959 she was awarded the World Council's Silver Medallion for services to peace. When she died in 1969, aged 86, her coffin was draped with the Red Flag and she was given a Communist funeral. Her ashes were scattered on the hillslopes near her home at Greenmount.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prichard-katharine-susannah-1883-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-devanny-romantic-revolutionary\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-talks-with-grant-stone\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1938-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-john-and-roma-gilchrist-1927-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-katharine-susannah-prichard-1851-1970-bulk-1908-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-katharine-susannah-prichard-1899-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-nancy-cato-1939-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-nancy-cato-1939-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1935-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ian-turner-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-devanny-archive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perth-pen-centre-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hazel-de-berg-1959-1963-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1928-1994-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hrubos, Ilona", "Entry ID": "AWE2161", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hrubos-ilona\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mahr, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Refugee", "Summary": "Mrs Ilona Hrubos was born in the town of Mahr, Schonberg in the Sudetenland, in 1928. At the end of the Second World War she, like millions of others, became a refugee. She, her husband and child migrated to Australia, arriving in Fremantle on 1 January 1951. They lived first in the Northam migrant camp, moving to Glen Forrest in April of 1951.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/looking-back-on-my-life-looking-for-the-roots-of-the-family-tree\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1951-19-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gruszka, Meitka", "Entry ID": "AWE2162", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gruszka-meitka\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Poland", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant community advocate, Teacher", "Summary": "Meitka Gruszka was a member of the Polish community in Western Australia who took an active role in multicultural issues. As well as being a leader in the Polish community and having served as President of the Polish Association of Western Australia, she was involved in a number of multicultural organisations. At various times throughout the 1980s and 90s she was a member of the Ethnic Communities Council of Western Australia, the Catholic Migrant Centre and the National Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters' Council.\n", "Details": "Meitka Gruszka was born in Poland just before the outbreak of World War 2. As a baby, she was transported with her mother to the USSR where her mother worked in a Siberian forced labour camp. After the war, she and her mother travelled as refugees to Iran and then East Africa. They arrived in Western Australia in 1950.\nShe completed her education here and became a primary school teacher, working for fifteen years in both the state and Catholic school systems. She furthered her education by completing a Bachelor of Education, specialising in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). In 1979 she was employed by the Catholic Education Office in the area of ESL and Multicultural Education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gruszka-mietka-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Raine, Mary Bertha", "Entry ID": "AWE2166", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raine-mary-bertha\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, Middlesex, England", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Philanthropist, Publican", "Summary": "In September 1960, seven months after the death of Mary Bertha Raine, the Sunday Mirror was reporting with incredulity that 'The singing barmaid of a dilapidated outback New South Wales pub became the woman who left most of her \u00a3439,626 estate to the University of Western Australia Medical School. The bequest will bring her total gifts to the University to nearly \u00a3750,000'.\n", "Details": "Mary Bertha Carter, eldest of thirteen children of Putney storekeeper Charles Carter and his wife Mary Bertha (n\u00e9e Appleyard), began her working life at the age of fourteen earning 2\/6 per week. According to the Mirror she saved for singing lessons as a teen and won a contract at Drury Lane, but lost her voice after an attack of typhoid fever. Mary and her sister Daisy sailed for Queensland in 1900 with \u00a3100 between them and worked as barmaids in Brisbane and Sydney. After a successful stint managing the 'tumble-down Nyngan Hotel', Mary was asked to take over a brewery that was in financial trouble, but licensing laws barred single women as licensees and she returned to Sydney. In 1904 the sisters' return trip to London was curtailed by Daisy's seasickness, forcing them to disembark at Fremantle. Working once more as a barmaid on \u00a31\/10\/- and keep, Mary saved \u00a3100 and bought a property in Subiaco.\nIn 1905 Mary Carter married William Morris Thomas, seventeen years her senior, in Perth's Wesley Church. The couple farmed south of Perth but kangaroos ruined their crops and the marriage was a failure. Mary returned to Perth. William Thomas was killed when he fell from a horse in 1918.\nIn Perth Mary took advantage of the 1920s property boom. She bought Gordon's Caf\u00e9 and Hotel on William Street, renaming it Hotel Wentworth, and by the beginning of WWII was owner or part-owner of five hotels alongside other properties. During the war the Hotel Wentworth provided accommodation for American submarine crews and was a site of tension between Australian and American servicemen.\nIn 1943, aged in her mid-sixties, Mary married Arnold 'Joe' Yeldham Raine and made him her business partner. Joe was ten years younger than Mary and absolutely devoted to her. According to John McIlwraith, Mary's philanthropy was 'inspired by her husband'. [1] In the mid-1950s the Raines contributed to an appeal for the launch of a medical school at the University of Western Australia. Plans for further contributions were cut short by Joe's death, from arteriosclerosis, in 1957. Mary was his sole beneficiary. In mourning, she decided to preserve his memory and help find a cure for the illness which had killed him by founding the Arnold Yeldham & Mary Raine Medical Research Foundation in August 1957 with a \u00a3500,000 lump sum. A history of the Foundation writes:\nIt is an indication of the simpler and more innocent times in which this was achieved that a personal approach to the then State Premier, Bert Hawke\u2026 and another to the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, released the estate from death duties and probate, providing significantly more money for research.[2]\nOn her death, Mary bequeathed the bulk of her estate to the Foundation, bringing her legacy to nearly \u00a31 million. She directed that income 'be applied towards seeking, diagnosing and investigating the nature, origin and causes of diseases in human beings, with the initial emphasis on arteriosclerosis and allied diseases, and the prevention, care, alleviation and combating of such diseases'.[3] In 1991 the Foundation had distributed grants totalling over $7 million.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/three-decades-of-service-the-arnold-yeldham-andamp-mary-raine-medical-research-foundation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raine-mary-bertha-1877-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ma-gave-away-750000-from-bush-pub-to-w-a-fortune\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mary-raine-story-from-putney-to-perth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reardon, Nancy", "Entry ID": "AWE2192", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reardon-nancy\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Netball Player, Teacher", "Summary": "Nancy Reardon was a gifted Tasmanian athlete who excelled in rowing and netball.\n", "Details": "Appointed Head Sports Mistress at Friends School in Hobart, Tasmania, in the mid-1930s, Nancy was credited with raising the standard of netball (then known as basketball) in that state to a very high level in the period before the war. She was the first Tasmanian ever to be appointed to the All-Australian Representative netball team chosen in 1939 to tour New Zealand in 1940. Unfortunately, she never had the opportunity to represent her country overseas. The 1940 tour to New Zealand was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War Two. That same year, Nancy moved to Western Australia where, sadly, she died in childbirth a year later in 1941. Her daughter, Diana Nancy Marsh, was raised in Western Australia.\n", "Events": "Nancy Reardon was selected in the 1939 All Australian Representative Netball (Basketball) team to tour New Zealand in 1940. (1939 - 1939)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-netball-history-in-tasmania-the-first-bounce-an-account-of-the-history-of-the-sport-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-waves-tasmanian-oarswomen-1922-2022\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pelloe, Emily Harriet", "Entry ID": "AWE2222", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pelloe-emily-harriet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical artist, Equestrian, Journalist, Print journalist", "Summary": "Born in St Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria, Emily Pelloe was educated at a private school in South Yarra before moving with her family to Western Australia. In 1902 she was married in Perth to Theodore Parker Pelloe, a bank manager. The pair had no children.\nA member of the Perth Riding Club, Pelloe competed successfully in equestrian events in Sydney, Melbourne, Launceston and Perth. She made several long rides in New South Wales and Western Australia. In 1916 she turned her talents to the study of botany, and went on to produce a number of illustrated publications including Wildflowers of Western Australia. Some of her landscape watercolours were purchased by government departments.\nFrom 1920, Pelloe was writing the 'Women's Interests' column for the West Australian. She supported the Country Women's Association, the Women Writers' Club, and the Women's Riding Club. A year after her death, Pelloe's husband Theodore presented 400 of her wildflower paintings to the University of Western Australia.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1920 - 1930)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-orchids\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wildflowers-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/floral-glory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pelloe-emily-harriet-1877-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holman, Mary (May) Alice", "Entry ID": "AWE3701", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holman-mary-may-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "May Holman was the first Labor Party woman parliamentarian in Australia. Representing the Legislative Assembly seat of Forrest, she was also the first Labor woman MP to serve more than ten years in parliament.\n", "Details": "May Holman was the eldest of nine children of John Barkell Holman, miner, and Katherine Mary Holman (nee Rowe). The family lived at Broken Hill, New South Wales, before moving to Cue in Western Australia. May was educated at the Sacred Heart Convent in Perth. On leaving school, she found employment at the Perth Trades Hall and the Westralian Worker. In 1914 she married Peter Joseph Gardiner, a Labor Party member for the State parliament, but the marriage could not withstand their varied professional commitments and ended in divorce in 1920.\nHolman's mother was an active member of Labor women's organisations in Perth. Her father was a Labor politician and member of the Timber Workers' Union. After his death in 1925, May Holman became secretary of the Union and won preselection for her father's seat, Forrest, where timber was the dominant industry. She was instrumental in formulating the Timber Industries Regulation Act in 1926. Holman retained her seat through four elections. She was president of the Labor Women's Central Executive from 1927; secretary of the Parliamentary Labor Party from 1933; and member of the royal commission into sanitation and slum clearance in Perth in 1938.\nMay Holman was involved in a car accident on 17 May 1939, the eve of the 1939 election. She died three days later on 20 May 1939. She was buried in Karrakatta cemetery.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-holmans-death\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holman-family-papers-1893-1965-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-sheila-moiler-nee-holman-sound-recording-interviewed-by-jennie-carter\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shelley, Cecilia Moore", "Entry ID": "AWE3751", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shelley-cecilia-moore\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Union activist", "Summary": "After working in the hotel and catering industry, Cecilia Shelley took on an active role in the Hotel, Club, Caterers, Tearooms and Restaurant Employees Union (HCCT&REU). She became secretary in 1920 and under her influence the HCCT&REU became one of the largest predominantly female unions in the country. Shelley was also an active member of the Australian Labor Party.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nothing-to-spare-recollections-of-australian-pioneering-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Renowden, Mary Cranwell", "Entry ID": "AWE3996", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/renowden-mary-cranwell\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Parkerville, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Postmistress", "Summary": "Mary Renowden was the first government official in Broken Hill, New South Wales, serving as postmistress from 1 January 1886.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Samuel Eades and Ellen Eades (nee Kerwan), Mary came from a family of six children. In 1866, in Geelong, she married Zechariah (Zachariah) Dawson Wilson and had six children. A Lieutenant with the Victorian Company Department, Wilson died at Warrnambool, Victoria, in 1881 at the age of 46 years.\nMary moved with her family to Silverton, near Broken Hill in New South Wales. In 1886 she married John Oliver Renowden, and had two more children - Mary Kate, born October 1888, and John R. Oliver, born January 1891. One son from her first marriage, Robert Wilson, died in Broken Hill in April 1893.\nJohn Oliver Renowden was a member of Broken Hill's first Progress Committee. His sketch of the town pre-settlement is now held at the Broken Hill Railway Museum. When the Committee elected to appoint a postmistress and run a mail coach between Silverton and Mount Gipps, Mary was appointed postmistress. She began work on the first day of January, 1886, with a salary of ten pounds per annum.\nMary left Broken Hill with her family in 1893 to live in Parkerville, Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macdonald, Amelia Morrison Fraser", "Entry ID": "AWE4105", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macdonald-amelia-morrison-fraser\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Blackburn, Linlithgowshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Church worker, Social reformer, Tailoress, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Born, educated and married in Scotland, Amelia Macdonald migrated to Australia in 1887, living first in Sydney where, for nine years, she ran a tailoring business. In 1896 she and her husband, Alexander, moved to Perth, where she lived for the rest of her life.\nHer own experience of losing her mother at an early age, along with that of her niece who was orphaned as a young woman, no doubt made her acutely aware of the precariousness of women's fortunes, and how intricately connected they were to those of men. Macdonald spent all her adult life working towards untangling these connections and reforming the legal, educational and social structures that operated to oppress women and children.\nConnected to the church (she taught Anglican Sunday School classes), she was also deeply influenced by the ideas of the Theosophists. Their guiding ideals of spiritual force, service, social reform, universal education and equal citizenship provided the platform for the Women's Services Guilds Of Western Australia, an organisation Macdonald helped to establish in 1909. She was also important on the establishment of the National Council of women in W.A. and she supported the Workers' Educational Association and the Women's Christian Temperance Union.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macdonald-amelia-morrison-fraser-1865-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1935-1937-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-wa-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1909-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1920-1944-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adams, Judith Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE4190", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adams-judith-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Picton, New Zealand", "Death Place": "Kalamunda, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Army officer (Reserve), Farmer, Justice of the Peace, Nurse, Parliamentarian", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Judith Adams was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia representing Western Australia, in 2004. She was re-elected in 2010. She currently holds the position of Deputy Opposition Whip.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fearless-advocate-for-rural-and-remote-communities\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bromham, Ada", "Entry ID": "AWE4389", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bromham-ada\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Gobur, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Feminist, Political candidate, Temperance advocate", "Summary": "Ada Bromham spent her long life as a campaigner for the rights of women, children and Aboriginal people. She stood for parliament on two occasions; once in 1921 for the Western Australian Assembly and again in 1941 for the seat of Unley in the South Australian Parliament. She was a member and office bearer of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union from 1925 until her death in 1965. She was a member also of the Women's Service Guilds, which was affiliated with the Australian Federation of Women Voters.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bromham-ada-1881-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-ada-bromham-member-of-the-womens-christian-temperance-union-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Greene, Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE4439", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greene-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Killard (Doonbeg), County Clare, Ireland", "Death Place": "Broome, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Missionary, Nurse", "Summary": "Mother Mary Gertrude of the Order of St John of God, trained as a nurse at the Order's hospital in Perth, Western Australia. After nursing in Western Australia and Victoria, from 1929 she worked at the Beagle Bay mission in the north of Western Australia where four of her sisters, all members of the same religious order, preceded her. She cared for Aboriginal patients suffering from Hansen's bacillus (leprosy). In 1947 she was appointed provincial superior of the North-West and served in that capacity until 1953. She held the position again from 1956 until 1962. In 1948 she was appointed MBE for her work.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greene-anne-1884-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mother-mary-gertrude-greene-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brenton, Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE4450", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brenton-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer", "Summary": "Dorothy Brenton and her husband arrived in Western Australia as young children. They ran a farm outside Denmark in Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dorothy-brenton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dorothy-brenton-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hodgetts, Maisie", "Entry ID": "AWE4459", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hodgetts-maisie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Scotland", "Death Place": "Denmark, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer", "Summary": "Maisie Hodgetts was brought up in Scotland and moved permanently to Australia with her husband and three children in 1973. They settled on a small farm in Denmark, Western Australia. Sadly, Maisie's husband died in a drowning accident three years later, before the farm was fully established. Maisie decided to stay in Australia and make a go of the farm on her own.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maisie-hodgetts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maisie-hodgetts-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tredwell, Robyn", "Entry ID": "AWE4639", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tredwell-robyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Muwillumbah, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Derby, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Farmer, Nurse", "Summary": "Robyn Tredwell was winner of the ABC Australian Rural Women of the Year Award in 1995.\n", "Details": "Robyn Tredwell, the 1995 winner of the ABC Australian Rural Woman of the year Award, is New South Wales born, Queensland farm-raised, a trained nurse, well travelled and very, very patient. She says that the profit imperative has never driven her as a farmer, which is probably just as well given the state of the property she manages just outside Derby, Western Australia, Birdwood Downs, when she took on the job in the early 1980s. Whatever the property needed at that time, it was not someone in a hurry with an eye for a quick dollar!\nBorn in 1950 in the northern rivers district of New South Wales, Robyn's journey to Birdword Downs was a circuitous one that went via Brisbane, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, Tibet and the Amazon River. A nurse who grew up around farms and farming people in south eastern Queensland, Robyn was always interested in the stories of the world beyond Nambour. She took her nursing training with her overseas and, through the course of two decades, developed an interest in population health, well before it became an academic discipline. With an interest in prevention rather than cure, she has worked to reduce the impact of cultural stress on the health of individuals and has spent a lifetime gathering knowledge about holistic healing. An interest in ethnobotany led her to the view that approaches to land care needed to be similarly holistic.\nBy the time she got to Birdword Downs the land had been managed on environmentally sustainable principals for five years. The station was land especially excised by the Western Australian Lands department for the purposes of encouraging experimental work in pasture regenerations and land care protection in the Kimberley region. Special conditions over the lease to the property offered willing investors the opportunity of a freehold title if half the property could be planted with improved pasture grasses and legumes and boundary fenced within a certain time period. The Institute of Ecotechnics, with whom Robyn had been involved for some time, decided to invest in the project in 1978. She arrived in 1984 and has been there ever since.\nWhat she and her staff and predecessors on the property have achieved is truly remarkable. The 1900 hectare station located in the coastal ecosystem of the Kimberley region where the soils are very low in nutrients. Overgrazing with sheep and cattle and over burning made top soil vulnerable to erosion. The land was degraded to such as extent it could no longer be profitably farmed. Over the years Robyn has pioneered techniques the have seen the land successfully regenerated. Ecological methods of improving degraded lands using stock management, weed control and planting improved grasses have turned dead land into beautiful paddocks with groves of native trees, spectacular boab and eucalyptus that supports both horses and cattle. Birdwood Downs serves as a model for sustainable management of the tropical savannah.\nThere is hard science behind the land care program that the team at Birdwood Downs have implemented, which includes a commitment to experimentation and asking 'what if?' Patience and persistence with intensive programs of land clearance, replanting, maintenance and the ecological management of horses and cattle have seen results that the staff now pass on as training programs for students at Derby Institute of TAFE.\nHowever, what Robyn brings to the program that sets it apart is her belief that sustainable properties can only be created in partnership with sustainable communities. On remote properties, maintaining this sense of community can be as challenging as maintaining the land. 'On this property,' she says, 'we use management, science and artistic expression to create sustainability'. She has worked very hard to create a space where cultural and cross-cultural communication can take place. A shady grove of mahogany trees creates a natural outdoor meeting place while a huge purpose built shed creates theatrical opportunities. Robyn has run arts workshop programs with indigenous and overseas artists, and has hosted many conferences and land council meetings. The Crow and Cockatoo Theatre Company has been running from the property for over thirty years making it, quite possibly, the oldest theatre company in the Kimberley.\nRobyn was surprised to discover she had been nominated for the ABC Radio Rural Woman of the Year Award, and was even more surprised when she won the national award in 1995. She has always believed the award to be special to the region, not just to the women who lived there. 'The early 1990s were such hard times,' she said, 'it was so important for the Kimberley region to get some focus.' She was still in a frame of mind which made it difficult for her to understand 'women's issues' as something separate from rural and regional issues. Nevertheless, she believed the award to be very important as a mechanism for encouraging women to step forward, thus creating better balance in decision making. It was particularly important for Aboriginal women to see their own leadership potential.\nLike all other award winners, Robyn enjoyed the 'Canberra Experience' enormously. Luxury in a five star hotel came as a pleasant change from the life she normally lived, but it was enjoying the company of other women that she appreciated the most. She came to understand that winning the award wasn't the point of the award, admiring the achievements of all rural and regional women was. The ABC Radio Australian Rural Woman of the year was there to represent the diversity of Australian rural women, 'an idea of rural womanhood.' She was happy to be that representative.\nIn 2011, Robyn Tredwell is Project Director of the Birdwood Downs Institute of Ecotechnics Tropical Savannah project. She is still out there, demonstrating how even the most degraded properties can be brought back to life through the investment of time and a commitment to living in balance with the environment. 'To create successful communities', she says, we need to care for people and the environment, and create good management structures.' Everything else worth waiting for will follow.\nRobyn Tredwell passed away in September 2012 following a battle with Brain cancer. She is survived by a son and her husband.\n", "Events": "Winner - ABC Australian Rural Woman of the Year (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/website-of-the-birdwood-downs-company\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robyn-tredwell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waste-not-want-not\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-indicators-of-good-health-practice-for-remote-areas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1995-national-winner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robyn-tredwell-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-rural-women-of-the-year-award-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Furia, Lina", "Entry ID": "AWE4801", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/furia-lina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Grosotto, Tirano, Valtellina", "Death Place": "Coolgardie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hotel owner", "Summary": "Lina Furia owned and ran the Cornwall Hotel in Boulder with her husband Charlie Furia and her son Jack Osmetti from 1926 -1970.\n", "Details": "Lina Robustellini migrated to Western Australia in the early 1900s. Her first husband Jack Osmetti was killed on the Golden Horseshoe Mine and she supported her family by running a boarding house. In 1924 she married Charlie Furia and using the compensation money paid out after the death of Jack Osmetti, they purchased the Cornwall Hotel in Boulder. Young migrant miners stayed at the Cornwall, and dances were held for the community every Saturday.\nDuring the Kalgoorlie riots in 1934 the Cornwall was among many buildings belonging to migrants which were burnt down. Lina continued to sell alcohol to her customers and operated a bar from a corrugated iron shed next door to the remains of the hotel until it was rebuilt with compensation money from the government.\nLina Furia provided employment for many young migrant women and men, including Nerina Beccarelli, who worked as a waitress in the dining room.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-hundred-women-of-the-eastern-goldfields\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tess-epis-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nerina-beccarelli-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stefani, Margherita", "Entry ID": "AWE4805", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stefani-margherita\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cimbergo, Brescia, Italy", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Business owner", "Summary": "Margherita Stefani ran the Amalfi Boarding House and wine saloon in Kalgoorlie with her husband.\n", "Details": "Margherita Stefani migrated with her mother and her sister Maria to Western Australia in 1940. The family had waited for nine years for their father to send money for their migration. Margherita's mother, aged 38, had four more children in the eastern goldfields mining town of Gwalia, Western Australia. Margherita was forced by her father to remain at home helping her mother with the children and do ironing and washing for single miners until she was 21 when she went to work at the Leonora Hospital as a domestic. She married ex-miner and internee Romeo Stefani in 1953. He had bought the Kalgoorlie Wine Saloon and, after changing the name to the Amalfi, he and Margherita fed, cleaned and cared for young migrant Italians, visitors to Kalgoorlie and those wanting a good home-cooked meal. Margherita worked from 4 a.m. until 9 p.m. seven days a week, leaving her little time for politics or socialising. She was assisted by her mother, who helped in the kitchen and cared for her grandchildren, her sister Maria who worked as a waitress and other married women who needed part-time work and young single girls. Margherita's work and that of the women who assisted her was essential to the operation of the mines of the Golden Mile because the many miners without family support would not have remained in the town without it. Margherita retired to Perth in 1983 after twenty years of hard work.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-maria-guidarelli-and-margherita-stefani-in-2003\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smith, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4806", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Argyle Flats, Heathcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "West Leederville, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hotel owner", "Summary": "Mary Smith nee Steedman was the first white woman to live in Bardoc, approximately 30 km from Kalgoorlie. She ran the Bardoc Hotel from 1896 until 1924.\n", "Details": "Mary Dudley left Victoria for the goldfields of Western Australia in 1893 with her husband Lionel, her brother Timothy Steedman and her four children Lionel, Fred, Adelaide and Rene. The family travelled by boat, The Bothwell Castle, by train to Southern Cross and by wagon to Coolgardie. The journey to Coolgardie took eight days. In 1894 the family moved to Bardoc, where Lionel sold liquor to miners from a wayside shanty, building the more substantial Bardoc Hotel two years later in 1896. Lionel died that same year leaving Mary to run the hotel with the help of her family.\nShe married miner William Smith in January 1900 and in 1903 a daughter Kathleen Mary was born. She continued to run the Bardoc Hotel cleaning, cooking for boarders and tending the bar. Even a dose of Spanish Influenza in 1919 failed to deter her. Her daughter Kathleen worked as a housemaid and waitress.\nMary's second husband died in 1916, but she remained at Bardoc, leaving only when the mining population dwindled and it became unprofitable to continue.\nIn 1924, after a lifetime of hard labour, Mary sold the hotel and retired to Perth with Kathleen. She was 64.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beccarelli, Nerina Nesta", "Entry ID": "AWE4810", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beccarelli-nerina-nesta\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Esperance, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Domestic worker, Gardener", "Details": "Nerina Beccarelli was born in Gwalia the youngest child of Maria Tavalli nee Calneggia and Mick Calneggia. Her parents had migrated from Italy to Western Australia, where her father first worked on the Lakewood Woodline and then the Sons of Gwalia Mine.\nIn 1919 her father Mick died of an infection in the Leonora Hospital and the family moved to Kalgoorlie where her mother worked as a cleaner and was paid from the Mine Workers' Relief Fund.\nMaria Tavalli married coal miner, Martin Bonazzi, who died of silicosis in 1940s.\nNerina attended the South Boulder Primary School, playing baseball and other sports. She continued to speak Italian at home, but speaks of other Italians as foreigners. She left school at fourteen to work as a domestic and she later worked as a waitress at the Cornwall Hotel.\nShe married at twenty one to Frank (Francesco Becarelli), a miner, and moved to Norseman. They had three sons, Louis, Albert and Frank.\nPost-war, Nerina helped her husband work in a market garden in Sommerville. In 1983 her husband died of silicosis. Nerina died in Esperance in 2018.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Patroni, Savina", "Entry ID": "AWE4817", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patroni-savina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Serino, Northern Italy", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Gardener", "Summary": "Savina Patroni migrated to Australia from Italy in 1951. She lived in the Somerville garden district of Kalgoorlie and raised a family while also working on the family market garden.\n", "Details": "Savina Patroni migrated to Australia in 1951 with her husband and two children, Laura and Bert, on the Australia. Prior to her marriage, Savina had worked as a tailor in one of Milan's top fashion houses. She moved with her husband and children into a house, which had been transported from the Gwalia mine. The corrugated iron dwelling was lined with hessian bags, and there was no electricity or running water. Savina had three more children - Nellie, Alfie and Vilma - in Australia, and cared for the family while also doing hard physical labour in the garden. She picked, packed, and loaded vegetables for sale to markets in Kalgoorlie. The family also had a cow and raised goats and pigs for milk and meat.\nSavina continued to work on the garden well into her 60s. She still lives in the same house - albeit with modifications and renovations.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/savina-patroni-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dugdale, Helen Blanche", "Entry ID": "AWE4822", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dugdale-helen-blanche\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Inspector for State Children's Department, Matron, Nurse, Policewoman, Prospector", "Details": "Helen Blanche Ryrie, nee Stirling married George Dugdale in Perth in 1912.\nShe\u00a0was a Registered Nurse who had worked as a matron of a women's institution, and been employed as an Inspector for the State Children's Department prior to her employment with the police force.\nAppointed in 1917, she along with Laura Ethel Chipper, was a one of the first two Women's Police constables appointed to work with the Western Australian Police Force.\nThey began what was primarily welfare work in Perth but also worked in Kalgoorlie. Helen served in Perth and was transferred to Kalgoorlie in 1933. She served there until her retirement on the 10th of April 1939.\nHelen died in Kalgoorlie 1952 and is buried in the Kalgoorlie cemetery.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-women-police-1917\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Roderick, Gwendoline Blanche", "Entry ID": "AWE4939", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roderick-gwendoline-blanche\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Public relations professional, Volunteer, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "Gwen Roderick was the first Western Australian woman to be elected president of the National Council of Women of Australia - 63 years after it was founded. She brought to the presidency a passion for efficient management that served the association well during a difficult period in terms of its relationship with government.\n", "Details": "Gwen Roderick was born Gwendolyn Blanche Pearce in Toowoomba, Queensland, and educated at Fairholme Presbyterian Ladies College in that city. She trained as a secretary and held several administrative positions, including that of personal assistant for public relations to the Queensland manager of the ANZ Bank. She then travelled overseas, working in London and then Canada, where she was employed as an assistant producer for Canadian Television. Gwen married a Canadian geologist, Stanley Roderick, and had two children born in Canada. The family then spent 6 years in Brazil and 5 years in Queensland, finally settling in Perth, Western Australia, where she was a producer for community radio.\nRoderick joined the National Council of Women of Western Australia as a delegate from the State Women's Council of the Liberal Party. In 1984, she became the state convenor of economics, in 1987 the honorary secretary, and, from 1991 to 1994, president of NCW WA. Relations with the state government were excellent during this period. When Roderick was elected president of the National Council of Women of Australia for the 1994-1997 triennium, she was the first Western Australian woman to hold this position, an indication that, after 6 decades, communication barriers with the state most distant from Canberra had finally become less significant within the NCWA. Furthermore, Western Australia's minister for women's interests assisted in facilitating communication with the eastern states by supplying an office and office equipment for the NCWA Board, allowing administrative processes to be modernised, with teleconferencing employed to overcome the remaining elements of the tyranny of distance.\nRoderick was always an advocate of bureaucratic and business efficiency. In 1995, she took the NCWA Board through a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) of the organisation. The major challenge was the rise of a new coalition of women's organisations, CAPOW! (Coalition of Participating Organisations of Women) initiated by the Women's Electoral Lobby, which, under the Keating federal Labor government, was displacing NCWA as the peak body linking government and women's groups. Government funding of NCWA was also under threat. Roderick and the Board responded by developing promotional material, publicising the fact that NCWA represented some 500 organisations, looking to maintain a corporate image with a national logo, badges and stationery, cultivating bureaucrats and media representatives, producing high-quality submissions, and organising high-profile national seminars with prominent speakers on matters of public interest, such as women and technology. The election of the Howard Liberal-National Party government in 1997 undermined CAPOW!'s ministerial access and raised that of NCWA once more but failed to guarantee recurrent funding for non-government women's organisations.\nRoderick's Board faced a further challenge in the ongoing and growing antagonism between the Hobart-based National Council of Women of Tasmania and the National Council of Women of Launceston. An attempt was made by Launceston delegates to the Perth conference of 1997 to redirect and resolve this conflict by focusing on the principle of regional organisation but without success. The continuing conflict became the major challenge confronting Roderick's successor as president of NCWA.\nAs national president, Roderick represented NCWA at many national and international meetings. She was a member of the Optus, Telstra and Austel telecommunication advisory councils, where she spoke as a consumers' representative. In 1995, she was a delegate representing NCWA and Australia at the 39th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women in New York. This was the final preparatory meeting for the Beijing 4th World Conference on Women: Action for Equality, Development of Peace, which she also attended in September 1995. Roderick then led the Australian delegation to International Council of Women conferences in Auckland and Ottawa in 1997, acknowledging the importance of putting Australia's views to ICW although she emphasised that her major concerns were national ones and that 'Australian women were my priority'. In August 1997, Gwen Roderick was one of 10 representatives from women's organisations invited to meet with Prime Minister John Howard. The NCWA's major areas of concern were economic security for older women, women on public service boards and committees, domestic and community violence, availability of clean water for all Australians and family-friendly workplaces.\nRoderick was also a member of the WA Censorship Advisory Committee, an executive member of the WA branch of the Order of Australia Committee, and a life member of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Women's Auxiliary.\nIn 1998, Gwen Roderick received the NCWA Centenary Award, and, in 1999, she was made a Member of the Order of Australia, for 'service to women, particularly through the National Council of Women of Australia'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-western-australia-records-1911-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ncwa-papers-1984-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-gwen-roderick\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Berndt, Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE4982", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berndt-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Auckland, New Zealand", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Anthropologist", "Summary": "Read more about Catherine Berndt in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bousloff, Kira Abricossova", "Entry ID": "AWE4992", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bousloff-kira-abricossova\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Monte Carlo, Monaco", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artistic director, Ballerina, Choreographer", "Summary": "Read more about Kira Abricossova Bousloff in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-daffen-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clutterbuck, Katherine Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5021", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clutterbuck-katherine-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wiltshire, England", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare worker, Religious Sister", "Summary": "Read more about Katherine Mary Clutterbuck in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Craig, Frances Eileen", "Entry ID": "AWE5030", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/craig-frances-eileen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lifford, Donegal, Ireland", "Death Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Read more about Frances Eileen Craig in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crawford, Patricia Marcia", "Entry ID": "AWE5033", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crawford-patricia-marcia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Patricia Marcia Crawford in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Haynes, Edith Annie Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5122", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/haynes-edith-annie-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Law clerk, Lawyer", "Summary": "Edith Haynes was born in Sydney in 1876 and moved with her family to Western Australia in 1891. In 1900, having worked at her uncle's law firm, she applied to the Barristers Board of Western Australia to sit the examinations necessary to practise as a lawyer. The board refused her request on the grounds that a woman was not a 'person' under the Legal Practitioners Act 1893. Haynes challenged the decision in the Supreme Court of Western Australia, but it was upheld; she was never admitted to practice. Edith Haynes died in 1968.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hetherington, Penelope", "Entry ID": "AWE5129", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hetherington-penelope\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rose Park, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian", "Summary": "Read more about Penelope Hetherington in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/penelope-hetherington-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holmes, Marion Louisa", "Entry ID": "AWE5136", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holmes-marion-louisa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kooringa, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Charity worker", "Summary": "Read more about Marion Louisa Holmes in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1877-1951-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Holmes, Marion Phoebe", "Entry ID": "AWE5137", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holmes-marion-phoebe\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "West Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker", "Summary": "Read more about Marion Phoebe Holmes in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kastner, Winifred", "Entry ID": "AWE5159", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kastner-winifred\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England", "Death Place": "Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Read more about Winifred Kastner in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Landells, Flora Annie Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE5178", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/landells-flora-annie-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Art teacher, Artist", "Summary": "Read more about Flora Annie Margaret Landells in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parker, Evelyn Helena", "Entry ID": "AWE5260", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parker-evelyn-helena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hangkow, China", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Mayor, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Evelyn Helena Parker in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Phillips, Maggi", "Entry ID": "AWE5266", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phillips-maggi\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Dance educator, Scholar", "Summary": "Read more about Maggi Phillips in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Payne, Vivien Claire", "Entry ID": "AWE5525", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/payne-vivien-claire\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, England", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Vivien Payne was born and educated in London, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of London in 1948. She completed her articles with her father and was admitted as a solicitor in 1951. She practised in London until 1963, when she and her husband migrated to Perth, Australia. She became one of only a handful of women practising law in Perth at the time, and only the second to enter private practice. In 1982 she became founding President of the Women Lawyers of Western Australia Inc.\nPerth based women barristers forging their careers in the 1970s and 80s, such as Val French and Antoinette Kennedy, have noted her support for them, especially through the provision of briefs.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written about Vivien Payne for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Vivien Payne and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\nVivien Claire Payne was born in London on 13 July 1927.\nShe graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of London in 1948 and completed her articles over three years with her father.\nShe was admitted as a solicitor in London in 1951 and continued to practice in London until she left for Australia.\nIn 1963, with her husband Douglas, and their four children they moved to Perth, Western Australia, where Douglas had been invited to take up the position of visiting Professor of Law at the University of Western Australia's Law School. Vivien spent her first two years in Australia working at a well known Perth law firm, and in 1965 she opened her own practice, Vivien C Payne, practicing mainly in family and common law. She managed to balance the busy life of a wife and mother of four, with working full time as a practicing lawyer. During these years, in Perth there were only four or five female lawyers practicing of whom Vivien was the second one in private practice.\nIn her career, she did not experience discrimination on the basis of her sex although there were requirements, such as when appearing before the Summary Relief Court (now the Magistrates Court), to be granted a right of appearance, she was required to wear a hat, while the same was not required of male lawyers.\nDuring the late 1970's as the number of women practicing law increased, Vivien and a number of fellow women lawyers began meeting and decided that a women lawyers association should be established, to promote the interests of women in law and women generally, as there were parallel bodies in the Eastern States. In 1982, the Women Lawyers of Western Australia Inc. was founded, and she was its first president. The State Government at once began sending bills of all kinds to the association for comment.\nVivien maintained an influential position on a number of Committees and Boards during her career. In June 1980 she was the first female commissioner to join the Legal Aid Commission and was a longstanding member of the Legal Aid Review Committee. She was on the Perth Zoo Board from 1988 to 1991 and was there during the opening of several new areas. She was a member of the Dental Board of Western Australia (now the Dental Board of Australia) for a year but resigned because of pressure of work.\nTwo of her children pursue careers in law, as do two of her grandchildren.\nVivien retired from full time practice in 1989.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/why-the-women-lawyers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cummins, Alice Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE5790", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cummins-alice-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie , Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Brewer, Businesswoman, Lawyer, Solicitor", "Summary": "Alice Cummins studied law at the University of Adelaide (LL.B., 1928). Admitted to the bar in South Australia (1928) and Western Australia (1930) she never practised. She was a businesswoman and brewer in Kalgoorlie. Death notices also stated that she was the first woman in Australia to take out a wireless transmitter's license.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cummins-alice-mary-1898-1943\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackay, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE6008", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackay-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Photographer", "Summary": "Helen Mackay worked at a photography studio in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, where she specialised in portraiture.\n", "Details": "Helen Mackay (known as Ella) was born in 1903. Her father was T.F. Mackay, a professional photographer who had trained in Glasgow at the Studios of T. & R. Annan. The family left Scotland and arrived in Perth, Western Australia in 1916. The following year T.F. Mackay took over J.J. Dwyer's photography studio in Kalgoorlie, c.1917, and operated a very successful studio of his own.\nElla had shown an interest in drawing from an early age. Clearly talented in this area, she was awarded three certificates by the Royal Drawing Society in June 1924.\nMackay was also fascinated by photography. From the age of 12 she began visiting her father when he was at work at his studio. Mackay began working at this studio after she left school at the age of 15. Her father trained her in all aspects of photography, from retouching and mounting techniques to film processing. Her father put Mackay in charge of the amateur film processing section of the studio and eventually made her an assistant studio operator.\nHer work was studio based and encompassed the photography of babies and weddings, as well as portraiture. The compositions possessed a formal quality and used 'subtle lighting and dramatic tinting' (Hall 31).\nMackay chose not to marry, focusing on photography instead. She once remarked that '[a]lthough many women were entering professions, if I had married I would probably have retired, not because of conventions, but because I don't think one can succeed in two jobs. One has to choose and concentrate on the most important work: photography was my main love' (Hall 31). Mackay died in 1999, at the age of 96.\nCollections\nBurtenshaw Collection of Photography, State Library of Western Australia\nMackay, T.F. (Thomas Faulkner) & Dwyer, J.J. (John Joseph), 1869-1928 (1920). T.F. Mackay collection of photographs of Kalgoorlie\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-photographers-1840-1960\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript-7\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Andrews, Caroline", "Entry ID": "AWE6030", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/andrews-caroline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Frimsley, Hampshire, England", "Death Place": "MorningtonMornington, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Boarding house keeper, Homemaker, Mother", "Summary": "Caroline Andrews came to public notice in 1900, when she took her husband to court in Albany, Western Australia, and won a judicial separation with maintenance for their children. The case was heard under an 1896 act which provided that judicial separation was summarily available to a woman whose husband had been convicted of assault against her. A close reading of the court records suggests that she provoked her husband's assault in order to win the judicial separation. Her aim was to prevent him from returning to England with the profits of their joint business ventures, without making provision for his children.\nRecent biographical projects have tended to focus on leading women whose activities had some impact on politics or society. Caroline Edwards' work was always within the frame of family, whether in family businesses or in care for her 13 children. The wealth of online resources now available for family history research makes it possible to tell the stories of women like Caroline Edwards whose victories and defeats were mostly private.\n", "Details": "Caroline Andrews was born in Frimsley, a small town in Hampshire on the coach-road between London and Southampton, where her father, John Thick, owned a hotel. He was born near Frimsley to a farming family, but somehow acquired enough capital to be living in London and styling himself a 'gentleman' when he married Caroline's mother, Caroline Lucas, in 1845. Caroline Lucas described herself as a servant, and her father as a post-chaise driver. John Thick was a widower, 16 years her senior. She bore John Thick 11 children, of whom Caroline was the eldest. Caroline Andrews was to repeat some of the patterns of her mother's life.\nWhen Caroline Thick married Edward Andrews in March 1865 she was 17 years old and he was 29. They married in haste, by licence in London; Edward was contracted to sail to Perth as warder on a convict ship. Caroline's father John was present and signed as a witness.\nEdward Andrew's mother's family were chapel people from in and around Godshill on the Isle of Wight. His father Joel Andrews worked as a post office messenger; in 1848 he was appointed 'messenger from Romsey to Sherfield Hatchett on the recommendation of Viscountess Palmerston'. Edward was the youngest of his parents' children. After his father's death in 1858 he continued to live with his widowed mother Thirza; the 1861 census shows them in Eling, Hampshire, just outside Southampton. His mother died in 1864.\nA son remembered that Edward Andrews trained in the Royal Navy as carpenter and shipwright, and these were skills that he practiced in later life. In the 1861 census he is listed as a police constable, and on his marriage licence in 1865 as a 'Warder in the civil service'. In May 1865 he set sail from Portland as warder on the convict ship Racehorse.\nThe appointment put the 29-year old Edward in charge of 278 convicts and 50 pensioner guards, retired military men who were mostly a good ten years older than he was. The ship's manifest also lists 31 pensioners' wives, 78 children, and the seventeen year-old Caroline Edwards.\nAfter the Racehorse docked in Fremantle in August 1865, Edward Andrews was sent with a contingent of convicts to upgrade the track that ran from Perth to Albany. Caroline and the families of some of the pensioner guards were shipped to Albany on a small coastal vessel which in family folklore took six weeks to arrive, having been blown about 60 kilometers past their destination.\nCaroline travelled by bullock cart to join her husband at his work-camp about 40 miles along the Perth Road. When work was completed on the track Andrews took up a farm outside Albany, working it with convict labour, and Caroline's first child was born here in 1868. In the next 10 years she gave birth to 5 more children.\nFarming did not suit Edward Andrews. In the early years he did various building jobs, including reroofing the Anglican church, before settling in to a position as overseer at the P.& O. coaling station. When that operation closed in 1877, P. & O. paid for the family's relocation to Adelaide, where Andrews went into business as a green-grocer and fruiterer.\nCaroline gave birth to 4 more children in Adelaide, but lost her 2 eldest sons. In February 1879 Albert Andrews aged 11 and Arthur Andrews aged 9 drowned in the River Torrens in Adelaide while wagging it from school. Edward Andrews told the inquest that only the day before the accident his wife had forbidden the boys to bathe in the river, knowing they could not swim.\nBy 1886 the family was back in Perth, having prospered sufficiently to establish 'a superior boarding house'. Caroline ran this business, often in her husband's absence, and bore 3 more children, 13 in all. Andrews tried a range of other ventures including a butcher's shop, a bakery, and a general store and a newsagency, together with trading in local goods such as kangaroo skins. He was a constant applicant for council and government tenders, from small construction jobs to supplying bread for the military. He invested the profits in the purchase of small lots of land and cottages to rent.\nIn 1889 he took 2 of his sons, 14 year-old Frederick and 13 year-old Thomas, to collect salt on Middle Island, an uninhabited island off the South coast. Thomas' reminiscences, held in the Battye Library in Perth, tell how his father returned to Albany with a sample of salt 'to test the market', leaving the boys to keep working on their own. It was 5 months before he came back. In his absence the well they dug for drinking water was slowly contaminated by salt, so slowly that the boys did not realise why they were falling sick. If Caroline had not asked a party of sealers to visit the boys and check on their welfare they well may have died.\nIn 1897 Caroline Edwards inherited \u00a3470, a substantial legacy. She told the court that the money came from her father's estate. It probably came via her mother. After John Thick's death in 1877, Caroline Thick took possession of a group of cottages and apparently lived on the rents until her death in 1897. Caroline Edwards used the legacy to buy property in Albany in her own name, a house and 2 cottages.\nIn 1897 her husband 'turned out' his three eldest sons and forbade his wife and daughters to see them. Caroline continued to support her sons. Edward Andrews was infuriated because, in his words, 'his wife persisted in succouring the elder boys who were able to keep themselves, at [his] expense'.\nLate in 1899 one of the older boys was lying ill with influenza in a boarding house. Andrews told his wife that 'if she went to see the boy or gave him anything she would have to leave home'. Influenza was 'an infectious disease, it might do his business harm'. Fear of an influenza pandemic was rife in Australia at this time. Caroline defied him, going to care for her son and leaving home and husband the same evening, taking with her the 3 youngest children.\nCaroline Edwards put up the cottages for rent, and opened a boarding house in competition with her husband. She told the magistrate's court in November 1900 that 'Her husband had told her during the 12 months that he did not want her back. He only wanted to visit her occasionally, and that she would not allow.' For his part, Edward Andrews claimed that at first he tried to 'heal the breach between them', but when he realized 'they could not make it up, he decided to sell his business and get out of her way. He wanted to go away because he felt he could not trust himself in her presence'.\nIn mid 1900 Edward Andrews put up his properties and businesses for sale, and announced his intention to return to England. Caroline asked him for \u00a3300 to raise the youngest children. He refused.\nOn Monday 26 November 1900 Edward Andrews was charged at the Albany Police Court with aggravated assault on his wife. Caroline Edwards told the court that on the evening of previous Wednesday she visited her husband, accompanied by her daughter Adelaide. She said in evidence that 'her husband would not speak until the girls had left the room. She and the girls were afraid, but the defendant said he would not hurt her. They had been talking a few minutes with the door shut when her husband rose from the chair and struck her in the face while she was sitting down knocking her head against the wall. He struck her repeatedly and she fell to the ground where he kicked her. Her daughter came to her assistance and helped her out'. Edward Andrews did not deny the assault.\nOn Wednesday 28 November Caroline Andrews again brought her husband before the Police Court, seeking an order for judicial separation, and maintenance and custody of her children. She made the application under the Summary Jurisdiction (Married Women) Act of 1896, which provided that any woman whose husband was convicted of assault against her could summarily be awarded such an order. Edward Andrews did not contest the application, and his wife was awarded a judicial separation with 10s. a week maintenance.\nThe award was a triumph for Caroline Edwards and her family. They celebrated with a group portrait: Caroline with her eleven living children, plus several grandchildren.\nEdward Andrews died in England in 1907. He must have come to a legal and financial agreement with his wife before leaving Western Australia. Caroline continued for some years as a boarding house keeper, interspersed with periods of living with children and grandchildren. The last years of her life were spent at Mornington Mills in the south-west of the state, with the family of her eldest daughter, another Caroline who went by the name of Nell. She died at Mornington in 1925.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marital-separation-and-family-heroines\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/legislation-60-vic-no-10-summary-jurisdiction-married-women-1896\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/local-news-aggravated-assault\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-heartless-father-and-husband-andrews-v-andrews\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inquest-at-the-destitute-asylum\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "White, Myrtle Rose", "Entry ID": "AWE6164", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-myrtle-rose\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Port Hedland, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Novelist", "Summary": "Myrtle Rose White was an author who published a small number of works, including No Roads Go By, which was an account of life at Lake Elder, South Australia.\nMyrtle produced two sequels to her debut publication; Beyond the Western Rivers in 1955 and From That Day To This in 1961.\nAlthough she also wrote three novels, only For Those That Love It (1933) was published.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-myrtle-rose-white-1940-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-myrtle-rose-white-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bartlett, May", "Entry ID": "AWE6424", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bartlett-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse", "Summary": "Sister May Bartlett joined the Australian Army Nursing Service on 12 June 1915. In 1919 she was awarded the Royal Red Cross, 2nd Class. She worked at Perth Hospital for many years.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bartlett-may-sern-sister-pob-bathurst-nsw-poe-n-a-nok-bartlett-r-c\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bartlett-may-born-1885-bathurst\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cardell-Oliver, Annie Florence Gillies", "Entry ID": "IMP0031", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cardell-oliver-annie-florence-gillies\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stawell, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "SubiacoSubiaco, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Politician", "Summary": "Florence Cardell-Oliver became the first woman in Australia to be appointed to a cabinet or ministry when made Western Australian Minister for Health, Supply and Shipping in 1949.\n", "Details": "Born Annie Florence Wilson on 11 May 1876 at Stawell Victoria, to Johnston and Annie (n\u00e9e Thompson) Wilson, Florence (as she preferred to be known) married David Sykes Boydan and they travelled to England. Her husband died on 5 September 1902. Later she married Arthur Cardell-Oliver (15 December 1902), and they had two sons. The family migrated to Western Australia and Arthur Cardell-Oliver registered as a doctor in 1912.\nDuring the First World War Florence Cardell-Oliver spoke at recruitment meetings for the armed services. Her husband, an honorary captain in the Army Medical Corps Reserve, joined the Australian Imperial Force, and served in England before requesting his appointment be terminated. He then set up a medical practice in South Melbourne and retired in 1924 due to ill health. The family travelled to England where he died on 15 September 1929.\nFlorence Cardell-Oliver returned to Western Australia and became vice-president of the State Branch of the Nationalist Party. Defeated in 1934 for the House of Representative seat of Fremantle she was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly as the member for Subiaco. On 1 April 1947 she was appointed honorary minister without portfolio and on 5 January 1948 honorary minister for supply and shipping. Florence Cardell-Oliver became the first woman in Australia to attain full cabinet rank when she was appointed minister for health on 7 October 1949. She remained in these positions until the defeat of government in 1953 and retired in 1956.\nFlorence Cardell-Oliver died on 12 January 1965 in Perth and she is buried beside her husband (Arthur) in St Columb Minor churchyard, Newquay, England.\nShe was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (Dames Commander) on 3 June 1951 for service to the state of Western Australia as Minister of Health.\n", "Events": "Created Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) (1951 - 1951) \nHonourary Minister for Supply and Shipping, Western Australia (1947 - 1953) \nHonourary Minister of Health, Supply and Shipping, Western Australia (1949 - 1953) \nMember of the Legislative Assembly for Subiaco, Western Australia (1936 - 1956)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cardell-oliver-biography-of-a-politician\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-florence-cardell-oliver-a-study-of-a-parliamentarian\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cardell-oliver-dame-annie-florence-gillies-1876-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-ordinary-lives-pioneering-women-in-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1936-1956-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-florence-cardell-oliver-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mann, Ida Caroline", "Entry ID": "IMP0041", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mann-ida-caroline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "West Hamstead, London, England", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Ophthalmologist", "Summary": "Dame Ida Mann was a distinguished English ophthalmologist whose long-term association with Australia began when she moved to Perth, Western Australia, after World War II. She diagnosed a trachoma epidemic amongst Indigenous people in the Kimberleys and travelled extensively in Western Australia in order to examine and treat Indigenous people with trachoma. Mann became convinced that better housing and sanitation, rather than administration of antibiotics, would improve this health crisis. She was appointed as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 14 June 1980 for services to the welfare of Aboriginal people.\n", "Details": "Ida Mann was educated at the London School of Medicine for Women and St Mary's Hospital. She qualified Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS), Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (LRCP) and Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MB BS) in 1920 and Doctor of Science (DSc) in 1924. She was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) in 1927. In London Mann worked at the Elizabeth Garrett-Anderson Hospital for Women, the Central London Eye Hospital, and the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital. She flew to Melbourne in 1939 to present a paper to the Ophthalmological Society of Australia. Mann became Reader in Ophthalmology at the University of Oxford in 1941. She was Titular Professor there from January 1945 until 30 September 1947. Mann was also a Fellow of St Hugh's College, Oxford.\nMann resigned from Oxford and emigrated to Australia in 1949 with her husband, Professor William Gye (whom she married in December 1944). Prof Gye died in 1952. Mann then began a four year investigation into the nature and extent of trachoma amongst Indigenous people in the Kimberleys. These studies also took her to Papua New Guinea and the Pacific islands.\nMann published extensively in the area of eye anatomy and eye disease, publishing many scientific articles and several books. She also wrote on her travels and findings relating to trachoma, published under her married name or pseudonym, Caroline Gye. These were China 13 and The cockney and the crocodile.\nMann received an honorary Doctor of Science from Murdoch University (Perth, Western Australia) in 1983. She died later the same year at the age of ninety.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/culture-race-climate-and-eye-disease-an-introduction-to-the-study-of-geographical-ophthalmology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/disease-health-and-healing-aspects-of-indigenous-health-in-western-australia-and-queensland-1900-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-chase-an-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-development-of-the-human-eye\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/developmental-abnormalities-of-the-eye\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-science-of-seeing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ophthalmic-survey-of-the-south-west-portion-of-western-australia-final-report-of-the-surveys-undertaken-for-the-public-heath-department-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ophthalmic-survey-of-the-territories-of-papua-and-new-guinea-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorial-to-ida-mann-obituary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ida-mann-tribute-to-the-late-professor-obituary-of-famed-opthalmologist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/china-13\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-cockney-and-the-crocodile-large-print-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/informative-article-from-cosmo-newberry-visit-by-dr-ida-mann-case-of-trachoma-found\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-firsts-and-founders-on-the-victorian-honour-roll-of-women-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/declare-the-past-diagnose-the-present-foretell-the-future-health-for-all-by-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-at-oxford\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/embryologie-de-loeil-et-de-ses-annexes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drafts-of-book-on-ophthalmology-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1893-1983-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Curtin, Elsie", "Entry ID": "IMP0043", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/curtin-elsie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Cottesloe, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker", "Summary": "Elsie Curtin maintained an interest in social issues and politics throughout her entire life. Her work in these areas continued even after the death of her husband, Prime Minister John Curtain. For her service to the community, Elsie Curtin was appointed Commander to the Order of the British Empire (CBE) on 1 January 1970.\n", "Details": "The youngest daughter of Abraham and Annie Needham, Elsie was born in Ballarat on 4 October 1890. The family migrated to South Africa in 1898 and it was here Elsie received her education. At the age of 17, she joined the Social Democratic Federation in Cape Town, however in those early years, she maintained a strong commitment to the Methodist Church.\nThe family returned to Australia in 1908, settling in Hobart. She met John Curtin (Prime Minister of Australia, 1941-1945), the newly-appointed Secretary of the Victorian Timber Workers' Union, whilst he was in Hobart working on Labor's State Election campaign. The pair were married in Perth on 21 April 1917 and later had two children; Elsie Milda in 1917 and John Francis in 1921.\nElsie maintained an active membership in the Perth branch of the Labor Women's Organisation (LWO), which she had joined in 1917. In 1924, she became the founding Treasurer of the Fremantle branch and also served on the committee responsible for building the Cottesloe Infant Health Clinic and the Subiaco Choral Society, where she sang contralto.\nDuring John Curtin's prime ministership, Elsie spent time at The Lodge in Canberra, as well as maintaining the family home in Cottesloe and assisting with the electorate work in her husband's absence. She supported her husband in all aspects of his prime ministership and undertook many public engagements as his wife including launching ships, entertaining official visitors, attending diverse functions, and promoting the austerity campaigns and war loans. For almost four years, Elsie managed her duties in Canberra, electorate work in Fremantle, and two households on opposite sides of the continent, with the capable assistance of her daughter in Perth and Lodge housekeeper Mrs Pincombe in Canberra. Each year she lived for several months at The Lodge, scheduling as many official events as possible into these months. After her husband died in office on 5 July 1945, Elsie took part in public funeral services in both Canberra and Perth, aware of the widespread national mourning of the wartime leader.\nElsie was elected as the Western Australian President of the LWO in 1944; a position which she held until September 1946. She continued to maintain an active association in the proceeding years. During the war, Elsie had also been patron of the Cottesloe Surf Life-Saving Club and served on the Central Council of the Red Cross Society. In October 1949, she was a guest of the Chifleys at The Lodge while she was in Canberra for the ceremonial founding of the John Curtin School of Medical Research. Elsie was also a guest at The Lodge during Prime Minister Menzies administration, after a visit to New Zealand.\nIn 1955, Elsie became a Justice of the Peace and served on the Married Women's Court and as a visitor to Fremantle Gaol. She was also awarded life memberships of a number of organisations, including the Perth branch of the Association of Civilian Widows, the Royal Association of Justices, the Women's Justice Association and the Fremantle LWO. She was also a member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Cottesloe Women's Service Guild and was president of the Ship Lovers Society. In 1970, Elsie was appointed Commander to the Order of the British Empire for 'services to the community'.\nElsie Curtin passed away at Cottesloe on 24 June 1975.\n", "Events": "For 'services to the community' (1970 - 1970) \nLabor Women's Organisation (Fremantle Branch) (1924 - 1924) \nLabor Women's Organisation (Perth Branch) (1917 - ) \nLabor Women's Organisation (Western Australian) (1944 - 1946)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prime-ministers-wives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-matriarchs-twelve-australian-women-talk-about-their-lives-to-susan-mitchell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/john-curtin-elsie-curtin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/civil-engineering-branch-miss-e-curtin-farewelled\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-elsie-curtin-wife-of-the-former-prime-minister-mr-john-curtin-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hector-harrison-1915-1978-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-papers-of-prime-minister-curtin-correspondence-g-mrs-f-r-gale-gordon-branch-australian-labor-party-includes-poem-sent-to-mrs-elsie-curtin-by-dame-mary-gilmore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-papers-of-prime-minister-curtin-mrs-elsie-curtins-personal-file-includes-letters-sent-and-received-drafts-of-telegrams-list-of-callers-at-the-lodge-dec-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/subject-files-of-prime-minister-john-gorton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sir-frederick-samson-personal-film-videorecording-reel-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guild-silver-jubilee-dinner-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cuthbert, Betty", "Entry ID": "IMP0122", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cuthbert-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Merrylands, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Olympian, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Betty Cuthbert was the first Australian athlete to win an Olympic gold medal on Australian soil. Nicknamed the 'Golden Girl' of Australian athletics, she was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1985 as an Athlete Member for her contribution to the sport of athletic. She was elevated to \"Legend of Australian Sport\" in 1994.\nBetty Cuthbert was so unsure that she would make the Australian Olympic Games team in 1956, she bought tickets to attend the Games as a spectator.\n", "Details": "In 1956, at the Olympic Games in Melbourne, Betty Cuthbert became the first Australian athlete to win a gold medal on Australian soil. In fact, Cuthbert won gold in three track and field events at these Olympics: the 100 metres, 200 metres and the 4\u00d7100 metre relay. She made a winning return to form at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, taking gold in the 400 metres. She has achieved 16 world records. In the 1970s, Cuthbert was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and began actively campaigning for research funds for the Multiple Sclerosis Society. Her autobiography, Golden Girl, has been printed in two editions.\nIn 1965, Cuthbert was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for athletics in New South Wales. She was later appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia (1 January 1984), and awarded the Australian Sports Medal (8 February 2000).\nBetty Cuthbert died on 7 August 2017. At her death, she was still the only Olympian to have won gold in the 100m, 200m and 400m and only Ian Thorpe (five) has won more gold for Australia.\n", "Events": "Athletics - 100m Sprint, 200m Sprint, 4 x 100m Relay (1956 - 1956) \nAthletics - 4 x 110y Relay (1962 - 1962) \nAthletics - 400m Event (1964 - 1964) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nParticipated at the Rome Olympics (1960 - 1960)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100-great-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-girl\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-girl-an-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/great-australian-women-in-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-olympics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australias-golden-girl-delighted-to-get-a-bronze\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bronze-tribute-golden-spirit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-turns-bronzed\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rischbieth, Bessie Mabel", "Entry ID": "IMP0142", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rischbieth-bessie-mabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Bethesda Hospital Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Bessie Rischbieth's interest in woman's suffrage was aroused when she attended a suffrage meeting in London in 1908. A co-founder of the Women's Service Guild of Western Australia in 1909, she was also co-founder and President of the Australian Federation of Women Voters (1921-1942). Rischbieth edited The Dawn, a women's paper issued in Perth from 1914 to 1939. A talented craftswoman her art embroidery, beaten copperwork and word carvings were exhibited with the West Australian Society of Arts. In the later years of her life Rischbieth clashed with Jessie Street, whom she labelled a communist. Bessie Rischbieth was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her work with women's movements.\n", "Events": "Appointed as a justice of the peace to the Perth Court (1920 - 1920) \nAppointed Officer to the Order of the British Emipre for her service with the women's movements (1935 - 1935) \nAppointed, in an honorary capacity, to the Children's Court (1915 - 1915) \nCo-founder of the British Commonwealth League of Women, becoming foundation vice-president (1925 - 1925) \nFoundation member of the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia (1909 - 1909) \nFoundation president of the Australian Federation of Women's Societies (later Voters) (1921 - 1942) \nFounding member of the Children's Protection Society (1906 - 1906) \nInaugural secretary of the Western Australian Women Justices' Association (1925 - 1925) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nJoined the board of the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship (1926 - 1926) \nLeader of the Australian delegation to the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference in Honolulu (1928 - 1928) \nLife member of the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship (1955 - 1955) \nMarried wool merchant, Henry Wills Rischbieth (deceased 1925) (1898 - ) \nPresident of the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia (1911 - 1922) \nPresident of the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia (1946 - 1950) \nPublished March of Australian women (1964 - 1964) \nWorld for Australian servicemen at the Boomerang Club, Australia House, England (1939 - 1945)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-members-at-unveiling-of-plaque-on-board-the-m-v-kabbarli\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-ruby-rich\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uphill-all-the-way-a-documentary-history-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/march-of-australian-women-a-record-of-fifty-years-struggle-for-equal-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-women-voters-non-party-silver-jubilee-1921-1948-eighth-triennial-australian-conference-melbourne-october-25-30-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-bessie-rischbieth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collar-with-inscription-votes-for-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-bessie-rischbieth-picture-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/saucer-and-plate-belonging-to-mrs-pankhurst-presented-to-bessie-rischbieth-by-the-suffragette-fellowship-london\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-sphere-a-summary-of-the-movement-for-womens-electoral-reform-and-representation-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bessie-rischbieth-jessie-street-and-the-end-of-first-wave-feminism-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bessie-rischbieth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rischbieth-bessie-mabel-1874-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ruby-rich-1906-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bessie-mabel-rischbieth-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/badges-of-womens-suffrage-groups-worn-by-bessie-rischbieth-circa-1913-realia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-bessie-mabel-rischbieth-benefactor-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sash-with-inscription-votes-for-women-realia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/order-of-the-british-empire-medal-awarded-to-bessie-rischbieth-realia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-irene-greenwood-1912-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-and-objects-of-bessie-rischbieth-1900-1967-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-bessie-rischbieth-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/saucer-and-plate-belonging-to-mrs-pankhurst-presented-to-bessie-rischbieth-by-the-suffragette-fellowship-london-realia-manufactured-by-williamsons-longton-eng\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ruby-rich-1943-1948-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-street-circa-1914-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pethybridge-eva-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Herring, Violet Muriel", "Entry ID": "IMP0153", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herring-violet-muriel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Jolimont, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Nurse", "Summary": "Violet Herring, n\u00e9e MacGregor, gave forty years of service to the Red Cross Society and was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her services to that organisation in 1954. Although educated in Melbourne, she spent most of her life in Queensland, and was a life member of the Creche and Kindergarten Association, vice-president of the District Nursing Association of Queensland for thirty years and a driver for the Lady Goodwin District Nursing Transport Corps for twenty years. She also served on the committees of the 2nd Australian Imperial Forces Nurses' Fund and for the building of St Martin's hospital.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herring-violet-muriel-queenie-nee-macgregor-c-1880-1966-community-worker-brisbane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ruston, Gertrude Winifred", "Entry ID": "IMP0170", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruston-gertrude-winifred\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "East Ham, Essex, England", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare advocate, Community activist, Educationist", "Summary": "Gertrude Ruston was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 13 June 1970 for services to the community. Ruston was state secretary of the Women's Service Guild for over six years, convener of the committee for Mentally Retarded Children, vice-president of the Slow Learning Children's Group and Honorary life member. She served as a member on the Western Australian committee on Access for Disabled for many years and assisted in the producing of the Guide to Perth for the Handicapped. One of her most outstanding services was the establishment of the Citizens Advice Bureau in Perth. Ruston also was involved with the establishment of Council of Social Service of Western Australia, Citizens' Advice Bureau and Perth Emergency Housekeeper Service.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/well-known-figure-in-wa-community-services-dies-aged-88\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-clock-of-time-or-from-venturesome-pom-to-dinkum-aussie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-members-at-unveiling-of-plaque-on-board-the-m-v-kabbarli\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Martin, Catherine Ellen", "Entry ID": "IMP0226", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martin-catherine-ellen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist", "Summary": "Catherine Martin was a journalist for the West Australian newspaper from 1957, specialising in medical reporting. She was born in the United Kingdom but emigrated to Western Australia and lived there for most of her life.\n", "Details": "Catherine Ellen Martin was born in London and migrated, with her husband, a Czech war and Holocaust survivor, to Perth, Australia soon after they were married in 1948. Widowed in 1957, she needed to find work to supporter her three daughters, She embellished her C.V., applied for a job at the West Australian and worked there for the next thirty-odd years. She was responsible for producing one of the most important medical stories in modern Australian history.\nIn 1978, Martin began investigating the high incidence of death and disease among workers at the Australian Blue Asbestos mine at Wittenoom Gorge. She was able to access a study of the mine workers and their families by Professor Michael Hobbs, a University of Western Australia epidemiologist. This study found a high incidence of illness and death from asbestos-related diseases among the small number of workers in the sample. By 1978, the effects of mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases were beginning to show up in the former mine workers. Martin's front page story for the West Australian won a Walkley award and she produced a series of nine articles highlighting the impact on workers and their families.\nOn 20 February 1978, the West Australian published Martin's first article in the series, 'Blue Asbestos: The Latent Killer', in which she explained that gas masks manufactured during World War Two were fitted with filters made from merino wool and blue asbestos. British and Canadian authorities had chosen to use the blue asbestos mined at Wittenoom. It was not known at that time that the inhalation of crocidolite - or blue asbestos fibres - could lead to mesothelioma, a cancer that can lie dormant for up to forty years. Since the mine was closed in 1966, Martin found, 28 residents of Wittenoom had already developed the disease. Of former employees of the mine, 82 men had developed the more common form of lung cancer; 17 had silicosis; 59 asbestosis; and 122 silico-asbestosis. On 24 February 1978, Martin published a second article, 'Sisters await family scourge', profiling sisters and Wittenoom residents Mrs Shirley Eacott and Mrs Valerie Jones. Their father, Philip McKenna, who worked at the Australian Blue Asbestos mill from the early 1950s, died of asbestosis and silicosis; their mother died of mesothelioma; and Valerie's husband died of lung disease at the age of 51. Martin profiled a number of other Wittenoom residents and former miners affected by the disease.\nOn 1 March 1978, Martin published again, noting that the State Government Insurance Office was receiving ten new applications per month for workers' compensation for disease or death due to having worked in the mining of asbestos, or the production of goods made from it. This was up from ten claims per year, the general rate up until 1977. According to Martin, a man totally incapacitated by asbestos-related disease could claim a maximum of $41,000 - or four years' wages.\nBy 13 June 1978, Martin was able to report - on the front page of the West Australian - the establishment of a $2 million foundation for asbestos mine cases. CSR Ltd, which operated the mine between 1943 and 1966, set up the foundation to help people affected by asbestos from the Australian Blue Asbestos mine at Wittenoom. Though Martin was noting dissatisfaction with the foundation - 'Wittenoom fund fails to please all' - by August, its establishment was something of a breakthrough, and the publicity she gave to the plight of Wittenoom residents can only have hurried the outcome. The Ex-Wittenoom Residents Association was formed to support those seeking assistance.\nCatherine Martin was made a Member of the Order of Australia on 12 June 1982 for services to journalism. She had by then won numerous awards for journalism including four Walkley awards, five Arthur Lovekin awards and a number of Australian Medical Association awards. Martin also received the inaugural Gold Walkley.\nShe died in 2009, in the week that Justice Ian Gzell, in the NSW Supreme Court, found the company James Hardie guilty of misleading conduct and failing to meet its obligations over its handling of asbestos compensation.\n", "Events": "Best Feature - Either in a Newspaper or Magazine (Highly Commended) - The West Australian, WA (1981 - 1981) \nBest Piece of Reporting for the Year - The West Ausralian WA (1978 - 1978) \nBest Piece of Reporting for the Year - The West Australian WA (1975 - 1975) \nGold Award - Best Piece of Journalism, Newspaper, TV or Radio - The West Australian, WA (1978 - 1978)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blue-asbestos-the-latent-killer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-await-family-scourge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/asbestos-claims-at-10-a-month\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/2-million-trust-for-asbestos-mine-cases\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wittenoom-fund-fails-to-please-all\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hutchison, Ruby Florence", "Entry ID": "PR00188", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hutchison-ruby-florence\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Footscray, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Shenton Park (Perth), Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Ruby Hutchison was the first woman elected to the Legislative Council in Western Australia, and the first to take her place in any Australian Council. She was the only female member of the Chamber during this period. Her work enabled the introduction of the first law to enable women to serve on juries, and she founded the West Australian Epilepsy Association to fight discrimination against people with intellectual disabilities.\n", "Details": "Ruby Florence Herbert was born in Melbourne in February 1892, and came to the Murchison goldfields in Western Australia with her parents in 1896. While still in her teens she married Daniel Buckley, a miner. When the marriage later broke up, she was left to rear seven children alone, and supported her family by taking in boarders and dressmaking. She married Alex Hutchison in 1941, and attended business college and summer schools at the University of Western Australia.\nShe contested her first election in 1950 at the age of 58, having joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) decades earlier. In 1954 Hutchison became the first female member of Western Australia's Legislative Council, and throughout her seventeen-year parliamentary career campaigned tirelessly for the Council to be substantially reformed, or abolished. She successfully fought for the right of women to sit on juries, and consistently attempted to secure compulsory voting and adult suffrage for Legislative Council elections. Hutchison received international recognition for her work on behalf of epilepsy sufferers, and was a founder of the West Australian Epilepsy Association. She also fought to ensure that those afflicted with intellectual disabilities did not suffer discrimination. Hutchison retired from politics in 1971 at the age of 79. She died at the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in 1974, and is buried in the Karrakatta Cemetery.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hutchison-ruby-florence-1892-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Overman, Meta", "Entry ID": "PR00406", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/overman-meta\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rotterdam, Holland", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Composer", "Summary": "Meta Overman was a Dutch-born composer who studied piano and composition with leading figures in Rotterdam before emigrating to Western Australia in 1951. She earned accolades for her works, which included choral, instrumental, chamber pieces, ballets and operas. After lengthy sojourns in both Melbourne and Holland, she returned to Perth in 1978, where she remained until her death in 1993.\n", "Details": "Meta Overman was born in Rotterdam, Holland, in 1907. Her father made his living as an accountant but was also a violinist, and her mother was a professional pianist and teacher. It was she who gave Meta piano tuition until the age of nine, after which she was taught by Johan Kievid, who later became Professor of Music at the Hochschule in Berlin. At the age of eleven, Meta Overman played an arrangement for piano and orchestra of the Overture from Mozart's 'Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail' (The Abduction from the Seraglio) with the Rotterdam Youth Orchestra.\nAs a teenager, Overman studied piano and composition with Edward Flipse, Chief Conductor of the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra. She also worked as an accompanist for two children's choirs and began work on what was to be a substantial collection of compositions for children, including four operas. In 1937, Overman was able to devote more time to studying composition, which she did with Willem Pijper, Director of the Rotterdam Conservatorium, who helped develop her compositional talents and became an important mentor.\nThe occupation of Holland by the Nazis in 1940 resulted in widespread bombing, which destroyed both the Conservatorium and Willem Pijper's house, including many of his manuscripts. Meta Overman continued working and composing, however, and in 1944 married pianist Frank Russcher, and they toured together throughout Holland playing piano duets. Their son, Marius, was born in 1945. During this time, Overman's compositions were being performed with increasing regularity, and were attracting significant accolades in the Dutch press.\nDue to a post-war shortage of housing, the family migrated in 1951 to Perth, Western Australia, to live with relatives. A move to Albany on the south coast provided an escape from the summer heat, and allowed Overman to begin a fruitful relationship with the Scots Church Choir, for whom she completed Saul and David, and The Image of the Cross in 1953. The most significant work completed during this time, however, was Psyche (1953), a three act opera. It was performed at the 1955 Festival of Perth; while reviewed favourably, was poorly attended and a financial disaster. Overman's marriage to Russcher also broke down, and in 1957 Overman, Marius, and new partner Robert Hyner settled in Melbourne, where they remained until 1969. Here Overman forged strong friendships with other composers and artists, including Keith Humble, Robert Hughes and Margaret Sutherland.\nOverman retuned for Holland in 1969 for a short visit, which, due to poor health, ended up being a nine year stay. She returned to Western Australia in 1978 to be near son Marius, and began writing again, having composed little while back in Holland. She wrote increasingly for flute (Hyner was a flautist), and in Haiku (1983), for flute and electric piano, united her philosophical and avant garde interests. Overman also continued her long-standing interest in writing for children, composing and dedicating a number of works to her grandson. Her last work was Concertino for Five Flutes, written as her eyesight and health were failing in 1993.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-life-and-music-of-meta-overman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meta-overman-her-life-and-music-a-feminine-response\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meta-overman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meta-overman-manuscripts-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Vaughan, Grace Sydney", "Entry ID": "PR00444", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vaughan-grace-sydney\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Neutral Bay, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, social activist", "Summary": "Grace Sydney Vaughan served in the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1974 to 1980. She drew on her extensive experience as a community and social worker to campaign on issues concerned with poverty, unemployment and welfare.\n", "Details": "Grace Sydney Ingram was born in\u00a0Neutral Bay\u00a0in 1922, the daughter of Archibald James Ingram (postal worker) and Grace Parker Morgan. She was educated at North Sydney Girls High School, then at the University of New South Wales (Diploma of Sociology) and the University of Western Australia, where she completed a Bachelor of Arts and Masters in Social Work. She married Walter Vaughan in Sydney in 1942; they had three children. Her second marriage was to Walter Yewers in 1975.\nGrace Vaughan grew up during the Depression in the 1930s, and experienced directly the poverty that resulted from her father's unemployment. Over the years she worked in a variety of capacities in the fields of social welfare and community planning, as a trainee nurse, at Sydney radio station 2UE, and as a mail contractor when her husband was out of work during the 1960s.\nVaughan moved to Western Australia in 1968, where she worked as a family welfare officer for the Department of Community Welfare, and also as a community social worker and planning consultant. She was elected to the Legislative Council to represent the Australian Labor Party for the South-East Metropolitan Province in 1974. An unfavourable redistribution of electoral boundaries contributed to Vaughan losing her seat in the 1980 election, after only one term. While in Parliament she gained a formidable reputation for speaking forthrightly on unemployment, welfare, poverty, and related social justice issues. She also spoke passionately about the State's position on abortion, and introduced a bill to decriminalise homosexuality. Vaughan, in the face of considerable opposition, was also responsible for the installation of a women's toilet off the Parliament House corridor; previously women had to go down at least one floor to use the bathroom. Grace Vaughan died suddenly after a short illness in Perth in 1984.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/motherboards-and-desert-sands-stories-of-australian-rural-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-grace-vaughan-president-of-the-international-federation-of-social-workers-1982-1984-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Piesse, Winifred Margaret", "Entry ID": "PR00453", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/piesse-winifred-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Narre Warren, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Wagin, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Justice of the Peace, Nurse, Parliamentarian, Shire Councillor", "Summary": "Winifred Piesse became the first woman to represent the Country Party in the Western Australian Parliament when she was elected to the Legislative Council for a six year term, beginning in May 1977. Her extensive experience in nursing ensured that health matters were high on her Parliamentary agenda. She was particularly concerned about issues affecting children and youth, and also urged the government to urgently fund research into breast cancer, especially its high incidence in young mothers.\n", "Details": "Winifred Margaret Aumann was born in 1923 to Frederick Benjamin Aumann, an orchardist, and Marguerite Gertrude Pettingill. She was educated at Narre Warren State School and Dandenong High School, and later completed certificates in Nursing, Midwifery and Child Health. Winifred worked as a nurse in Melbourne from 1944 until 1946, when she moved to Western Australia and worked in hospitals in Busselton and Narrogin. In 1947 she married Mervyn Piesse, a farmer at Wagin in Western Australia, about 230 kilometres south-east of Perth.\nWinifred Piesse joined the Country Party in 1948 and worked as both branch and divisional secretary. When her husband died in 1966, she returned to nursing and also managed farms in the Wagin area. She was the first woman to be elected to the Wagin Shire Council, in August 1971, and also became a Justice of the Peace in that year.\nWinifred Piesse became the first woman to represent the Country Party in the Western Australian Parliament when she was elected to the Legislative Council for a six year term, beginning in May 1977. Her extensive experience in nursing ensured that health matters were high on her Parliamentary agenda. She was particularly concerned about issues affecting children and youth, and also urged the government to urgently fund research into breast cancer, especially its high incidence in young mothers.\nPiesse lost her seat in 1983, her preferences helping to elect the Liberal candidate. After leaving Parliament Piesse served for three years on the local hospital board, and maintained her strong links with community organisations including the Country Women's Association, Farmer's Union, and the St. John's Ambulance Brigade. \u00a0\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-winifred-margaret-piesse-politician-sound-recording-interviewed-by-gail-ohanlon\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carrard, Alice", "Entry ID": "PR00496", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrard-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Budapest, Hungary", "Death Place": "PerthPerth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Concert Pianist, Music teacher", "Summary": "Carrard was a Hungarian-born virtuoso pianist who came to Perth, Western Australia, in 1941 and remained there until her death in 2000. She had studied in Hungary with B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, and toured extensively as a concert pianist. In Australia, she had a long involvement with the Australian Broadcasting Commission, and taught a legion of pupils, most famously pianist David Helfgott. She was awarded an MBE in 1976, and lived to the age of 102.\n", "Details": "Alice Carrard was born Blau Al\u00edz to Blau Miksa (also known as Max) and Irma, ne\u00e9 Wieg, in Budapest in 1897. The family Hungarianised their surname to B\u00e1lint in 1914, and at the same time Irma's maiden name was also retroactively Hungarianised to Vig. The father, Miksa, was a ne'er-do-well leather salesman, the mother Irma was a genteel piano teacher rejected by her upper middle class family for having run off and got married to Miksa. The family was Jewish and lived in utter poverty in the tenements of Budapest, then very similar to the immigrant tenements of Manhattan. Irma helped to eke out the family finances by teaching piano, as did Alice's older brother, S\u00e1ndor, who from a very early age worked a full eight hours or more after school.\nAliz began lessons with her mother at the age of six. Realising after three years that there was no more she could teach her daughter, Irma introduced Aliz, aged nine, to Istv\u00e1n Thom\u00e1n, a renowned professor of piano at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. He took Aliz under his wing and taught her for the following two years. After that she continued studying at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music until she graduated at 17 as a piano teacher and concert pianist. She then went on to intensive post-graduate work with B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k and Leo Weiner. In 1916, Aliz lost her mother, who died of cancer, at the age of 54.\nStudying with composer B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k for a year gave her, as she put it, 'a great inspiration about sound and phrasing.' She studied next with Leo Weiner, Professor of Composition and Conducting at the Academy of Music In Budapest. Weiner also taught conductor Eugene Ormandy, concert pianist Louis Kentner and conductor Sir Georg Solti. Balint began performing in 1918, at the age of 21, first in Budapest, then Vienna, eventually embarking on a career as a concert pianist that took her all over Europe. It was when Al\u00edz started on her European concert tours, from around 1920, that she westernized her name to Alice Balint. As the effects of the Depression worsened in the early 1930s, Balint formed a small instrumental ensemble that played mainly light classical music, and began touring throughout Europe and Asia - India, Indonesia and Malaya, as it was then known.\nHer brother, S\u00e1ndor, was absolutely devoted to his sister, and contributed significantly to funding her studies at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. After 1920, when he had become a successful businessman in Budapest, he financed all of Alice's European and Asian concert tours, right until the outbreak of WW2.\nOn a tour of Malaya in 1937, Balint met and married Louis Carrard, a French-Swiss engineer who was managing a tin mine. She became known henceforth as Mme. Alice Carrard. While living in Malaya, World War II broke out, and their son George Sandor (Sandy) was born.\nIn the latter part of 1941, Alice and two-year-old Sandy Carrard visited Perth, Western Australia, for a holiday, intending to return to Malaya and join Louis for Christmas. They were prevented from doing this by the Japanese invasion of Malaya on December 7. While attempting to escape, Louis was captured and interned for the remainder of the war in a Japanese prison camp. Alice and Sandy settled in Perth, and Sandy began attending Christ Church school. At some point Louis had managed to send some of their belongings to Perth, including, amazingly, Alice's Hungarian grand piano. Louis travelled to Perth after his release in 1946. Severely affected by his internment and badly malnourished, he was unable to cope in Perth and returned to Malaya. He and Alice remained good friends, and he continued to support his family and visit.\nAlice Carrard also supported herself and Sandy by playing recitals, many of which were for the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Commission). She is credited with introducing Bartok to Western Australian audiences, and was the first to play his Third Piano Concerto in Perth. By 1960 she was famous across Australia on the concert circuit and for radio broadcasts. She began teaching in 1945, and built up a formidable reputation for excellence and exacting standards. Carrard had a number of star pupils, including Japanese prodigy Yasuko Toba, who became a scholar at the Julliard School and has an international career as a concert pianist. Most famously, Carrard taught David Helfgott, who she first encountered as a teenager. Upon his return from London after a severe nervous breakdown in the early 1970s, Carrard made sure he had appropriate psychiatric care and continued to give him lessons while he was institutionalised at Graylands, a psychiatric facility in Perth. His triumphant return to performing brought Carrard immense joy, and she commented on many occasions that he was her favourite pupil. Helfgott's story was dramatised in the Australian movie Shine (1996).\nCarrard was awarded an MBE in 1976 for her services to music, and gold and silver diplomas from the Franz Liszt Academy for over fifty years of teaching excellence. At a concert in 1992 to celebrate her 95th birthday, Carrard performed Beethoven's last Piano Sonata, Opus 111 in C Minor, a deeply emotional and technically demanding work, written late in life when he was deaf and his health failing. Carrard had played it at her first performance in 1918, and received a standing ovation when she performed it at the Western Australian Conservatorium of Music in 1992. She was named a Living Treasure of the State of Western Australia in 1998, and died in March, 2000, at the age of 102.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-pianist-spanned-century-of-music\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-alice-carrard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-carrard-95-years-young\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-carrard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/at-90-music-is-still-her-first-love\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-heritage-series-alice-carrard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alice-carrard-papers-1988-1999-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-alice-carrard-pianist-sound-recording-interviewed-by-christina-brockman\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Watson, Judyth", "Entry ID": "PR00596", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watson-judyth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Burton-on-Trent, England", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Judyth Watson was an Australian Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia. \u00a0Elected on 8 February 1986, she served as member for Canning until 4 February 1989, when she was elected member for Kenwick. Watson held this seat until 14 December 1996.\n", "Details": "Judyth Watson was born in 1940 at Burton-on-Trent in England to Cecil Watson, a railway worker, and his wife Hylda. The family moved to Western Australia 1949, and Judyth attended Perth Modern School on a scholarship, trained as a nurse, then completed a Bachelor of Science with first class Honours in 1977. She won the faculty prize and a Commonwealth postgraduate award, and completed a doctoral thesis on worker's compensation in 1982. Watson joined the Australian Labor Party in 1976, and her experience and research expertise ensured that she could make a valuable contribution to national occupational health and safety policy. Watson was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia in 1986, and served as member for Canning until 1989. She was then elected member for Kenwick, which she held until December 1996.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-members-of-the-parliament-of-western-australia-vol-2-1930-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judyth-watson-papers-1980-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jones, Beryl Lillian", "Entry ID": "PR00597", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jones-beryl-lillian\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bootle, Lancashire, England", "Death Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian", "Summary": "Beryl Jones was\u00a0an Australian Labor Party member of the\u00a0Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia. She was the member for South West Province 8 February 1986 - 4 February 1989. She was elected member for South West Region 4 February 1989 and\u00a0served until 6 February 1993.\n", "Details": "Beryl Jones was born in England in 1932. She worked as a nurse before migrating to Western Australia in 1955 with her husband and two children. Jones then gained a Diploma of Teaching, and taught in high schools until elected to the Armadale Town Council in 1981. A member of the Australian Labor Party, Jones was elected to the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia as Member for South West Province in 1986. She was then elected member for South West Region in 1989, a post she held until February 1993.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-hold-up-half-the-sky-the-voices-of-western-australian-alp-women-in-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-women-in-the-west-australian-parliament-1921-1999\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clifton, Louisa", "Entry ID": "PR00674", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clifton-louisa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, England, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Diarist", "Summary": "Louisa Clifton was born in London in 1814 to Marshall Waller Clifton and his wife Elinor (Bell); she was the third of their fifteen children. Her father was descended from an aristocratic Nottingham family, and her mother Elinor was a Quaker. Louisa grew up in London, then Boulogne (France). In 1841 she travelled with her parents and several siblings to help found Australind, a new colony in the south-west corner of Western Australia. Marshall Waller Clifton was part of a company that had been formed in order to buy a tract of land on the West Australian coast, sub-divide it into allotments, and establish a new town, of which he would be the Chief Commissioner.\nLouisa Clifton kept a diary (1840-41) in which she described the family's departure from Capecure, France , the voyage on the \"Parkfield\", and the settlement in Western Australia. As Lucy Frost noted, 'to read the Australian section of the journal is to watch an orderly English gentlewoman learn to live with confusion.' Louisa Clifton also sketched and painted, and the few works of hers that survive are a valuable historical record of the early colonial settlement in Western Australia. Her sisters Mary and Elinor also painted, and their brother William was a photographer.\nOn 1 June, 1842, Louisa Clifton married George Eliot, who was Government Resident for the district of Bunbury, where the couple then lived at Bury Hill. The Western Australian Company that Louisa's father was so heavily involved in ceased operations in 1843. Its assets were liquidated, and Australind became a ghost town. The Eliots moved to Geraldton in 1870, where George took up a post as Registered Magistrate. Louisa died there in 1880.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-colonial-eye-a-topographical-and-artistic-record-of-the-life-and-landscape-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/awe-disillusionment-and-fear-attitude-to-landscape-among-christian-colonists-of-far-south-west-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-friend-indeed-louisa-clifton-of-australind-w-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/louisa-clifton-fatigue-and-battle-at-australind\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diary-of-louisa-clifton-some-unique-impressions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diary-of-louisa-clifton-1840-1841-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/george-russo-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bennett, Portia Mary", "Entry ID": "PR00694", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennett-portia-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Summary": "Portia Bennett was born in Sydney in 1898. In 1913-14 she attended classes under Dattilo Rubbo at the Royal Art Society of New South Wales, then won a scholarship to Julian Ashton's Sydney Art School, where she studied at night between 1915-1919. During the day she attended the Blackfriars Teachers College, where she taught art from 1921-5. In 1925 she married William Wallace and moved to Queensland and then, in 1932, came to Perth, Western Australia. Bennett helped found the Perth Society of Artists, working with Muriel Southern, Florence Hall and Margaret Johnson to establish a place for women artists in Western Australia.\nBennett's preference for architecture over painting as a career is reflected in her fascination with the city and modern recently constructed buildings, and she painted many watercolour studies of the architecture around Perth. This was also in keeping with a Modernist aesthetic - the city as centre for commerce, leisure and display - and a concomitant rejection of traditional pastoral landscapes as subjects for study. Bennett also used conventions of perspective but chose unusual vantage points, which allowed the foregrounding of certain objects which added an abstract quality to works that were highly realistic. As Dr. Sally Quin, curator of the Lawrence Wilson Art Gallery, observed, \"Portia Bennett claims a unique place as observer and interpreter of the city.\" Bennett died in Perth in 1989, aged 91.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-the-image-western-australian-women-artists-1920-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/approaches-to-modernism-the-art-of-portia-bennett-elise-blumann-and-iris-francis-1930s-to-1950s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australian-art-and-artists-1900-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/work-by-four-perth-women-originally-published-in-the-west-australian-13-september-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modernisms-back-alley-perth-streets-as-signs-of-the-times\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-portia-bennett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artist-profile-portia-bennett-1898-1989-the-holmes-a-court-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australian-artists-1920-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-portia-bennett-painter-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blumann, Elise Margot Paula Rudolphina Hulda", "Entry ID": "PR00702", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blumann-elise-margot-paula-rudolphina-hulda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Parchim, Germany", "Death Place": "Nedlands Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Summary": "Elise Blumann was an important figure in the Perth, Western Australian, art world.\n", "Details": "Elise Schlie was born on 16 January 1897 at Parchim, Germany, to Paul Schlie, cavalry officer and civil servant, and his wife Elfrida. Elise was the youngest of their three children, and, after attending school in Hamburg, was taught painting by Baron Leo L\u00fctgendorff-Leinburg at L\u00fcbeck. She then studied in Berlin from 1917-20 under impressionists Max Liebermann and Lovis Corinth, worked teaching art, and exhibited for the first time in Hamburg in 1921.\nElise married Dr Arnold Blumann, a wealthy industrial chemist, in 1923. After spending brief periods in the Netherlands and England, the couple migrated to Australia, arriving in Fremantle, Western Australia, on 4 January, 1938. The Blumanns built a modernist house (since demolished) at Nedlands, and Elise Blumann's first paintings completed in Perth were a series of views of the Swan River. These were exhibited, along with a selection of nudes which caused a scandal, at her first Australian exhibition at Newspaper House, Perth, in August, 1944.\nBlumann's outback travels also found expression in her painting, and reflected her interest the quality of nature and the individual's relationship to it. She was a member of the Perth Society of Artists, lecturing and holding art classes for adults and children, and staged an exhibition of her work in Paris in 1950. After the death of her husband in 1970, Blumann returned to Germany for five years, and upon returning to Perth, held exhibitions in local galleries, and then at the Art Gallery of Western Australia in 1984. Elise Blumann died at Nedlands on 29 January, 1990.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blumann-elise-margot-paula-rudolphina-hulda-1897-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/approaching-elise-contains-interview-and-diary-excerpts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/approaches-to-modernism-the-art-of-portia-bennett-elise-blumann-and-iris-francis-1930s-to-1950s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elise-blumann-paintings-drawings-1918-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australian-art-and-artists-1900-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australian-artists-1920-1950\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elise-blumann-interviewed-by-barbara-blackman-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-elise-blumann-artist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Connor, Kathleen Laetitia", "Entry ID": "PR00779", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oconnor-kathleen-laetitia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hokitika, New Zealand", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Painter", "Summary": "Kathleen O'Connor was born in New Zealand in 1876 to Charles Yelverton O'Connor and his wife Susan Laetitia. She was educated at Marsden School, Wellington, then taught privately after 1891, when the family moved to Perth, Western Australia, in order for her father to take up a post as a government civil engineer. Kathleen O'Connor then studied art at Perth Technical College, and later in London and Paris, where she relocated in 1910. There she attended night classes and immersed herself fully in the artistic and cultural milieu that Paris offered, attending galleries and lectures, and writing about her experiences for Perth newspapers.\nO'Connor began exhibiting extensively - in the Salons d' Automne (1911-32), des Independants, and de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais. She moved to London in 1914 and exhibited with the International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers in 1915 and the National Portrait Society in 1916, before returning to Paris. In the early 1920s she began working in the decorative arts and fashion, as well as interior design and fabric painting. In 1926 she returned to Australia, working briefly for David Jones and Grace Brothers department stores, producing hand-painted plates and fabrics. After a solo exhibition in Perth, O'Connor returned to France in 1927. She kept working, and exhibiting regularly - in 1934 at la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Internationale des Femmes Peintres et Sculpteurs, and Exposition des Femmes Artistes d'Europe, Mus\u00e9e du Jeu de Paume and Gal\u00e9ries J. Allard in 1937. She left Paris in 1940 just as the Germans were arriving, and spent the remainder of World War II in Britain.\nReturning to Paris after the War, she found her Paris studio expropriated. After exhibiting in Nice in 1948, she returned to Fremantle with 200 pictures, which were impounded, subject to 20% import tax. She was forced to destroy 150 pictures and pay the tax on the rest, despite being an Australian citizen and not liable. She exhibited in 1948 at the Art Gallery of Western Australia, and at Perth's Claude Hotchin Gallery in 1949 and 1950. After another trip to Paris, she settled reluctantly in Western Australia in 1955. O'Connor won the Western Australian section of the Perth Prize Competition in 1958 and the B.P. prize, Commonwealth Games art competition in 1962, and the Art Gallery of Western Australia held a retrospective in 1967. O'Connor died in Perth in 1968. Since she had refused to be buried there, her ashes were scattered in the sea.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-mccullochs-encyclopedia-of-australian-art\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chasing-shadows-the-art-of-kathleen-oconnor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-oconnor-artist-in-exile\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oconnor-kathleen-laetitia-1876-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-the-national-womens-art-book-500-works-by-500-australian-women-artists-from-colonial-times-to-1955\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1911-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-kathleen-oconnor-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-oconnor-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-for-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ernest-lee-steere-interviewed-by-helen-topliss-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-julie-lewis-1931-1995-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rudyard, Carol", "Entry ID": "PR00793", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rudyard-carol\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sheffield, England", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist", "Summary": "Carol Rudyard was born in England in 1922. She left Sheffield in 1947 with her husband, a doctor employed by the British Government, and lived on the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (British Colonies in the Pacific). They arrived in Western Australia in 1950, and lived in Mullewa and Southern Cross, before settling in the Perth suburb of Leederville in 1956.\nAt this point Rudyard began designing textiles, quickly achieving both commercial and artistic successes. She also painted watercolours, and won the Festival of Perth Poster Prize for an untitled work in 1964. Rudyard enrolled in an Associate Diploma in Art at the West Australian Institute of Technology from 1968-1970. She won the Mundaring Art Prize in 1970, and began teaching at the West Australian Institute of Technology in 1971.\nRudyard travelled to Europe in 1972 and held her first solo exhibition in 1973. After completing a postgraduate diploma in visual art at Curtin University in 1981, Rudyard began to abandon painting for audio visual mediums, particularly video installations. Her 'Langco' (1986) is held in the permanent collection of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Rudyard was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters from Curtin University in 1999, and made a Living Treasure of the State of Western Australia in 2004.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carol-rudyard-roslyn-oxley-9-gallery-artist-profile\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ways-of-viewing-carol-rudyard-and-margaret-preston\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/point-of-view-carol-rudyard-selected-works-1968-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carol-rudyard-an-art-of-contradiction\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-mccullochs-encyclopedia-of-australian-art\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tracey, Eliza", "Entry ID": "PR00871", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tracey-eliza\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "India", "Death Place": "Victoria ParkVictoria Park, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Landowner, Litigant", "Summary": "Born in India to an Irish soldier, Eliza Tracey immigrated to Western Australia in 1859, where she was known to the citizens of Perth as a soap box orator. She spoke out against the legal profession, and her life was marked by constant dealings with the law.\n", "Details": "Eliza Tracey was born in India to Irish soldier Kearns, and an unknown mother. She lived in Ireland for a while before migrating to Western Australia in 1859. There she married John Tracey, an illiterate labourer and ex-convict on 12 January 1860. Together they ran an inn, but found trouble when they did not pay their debts. Further trouble occurred in the 1870s when they were charged with stealing sheep. For this, John Tracey was sent to prison, and after this seems to have played no further role in his wife's life.\nAfter her husband's imprisonment, Eliza Tracey worked as a housekeeper for blacksmith Richard Edmunds. Assisted by lawyer John Horgan, she pursued Edmunds to giver her a life interest in his property (consisting of a farm and two cottages). When Edmunds died in 1886, his grandsons and not Tracey claimed the farm rents, as the property was not under Edmunds' name, but his mother's. Although Tracey was still receiving the rent from the two cottages, John Hogan advised her to challenge the grandsons' claim on the farm in three separate lawsuits. She lost all three challenges.\nThe legal troubles continued for Tracey, when she was forced to pay \u00a330 in damages to a tenant with whom she had argued. She refused to pay (as advised by John Horgan), and was jailed. John Horgan requested \u00a3250 in legal fees, so she gave him the title to her cottages as collateral. To raise the \u00a330 in damages to pay her tenant, a sheriff put her cottage up for sale. It was bought by R. S. Haynes, her new lawyer for \u00a317, significantly less than the \u00a3600 the property was actually worth. Haynes also paid Horgan \u00a3250 for the titles to the cottages.\nFinding that she was now homeless, Tracey demanded compensation from the government. Several years worth of petitioning, raising money for court cases and even speaking to the Governer-General proved fruitless and by 1907, the courts concluded that Tracey had no case. She was, however, awarded a compassionate allowance in 1904.\nTracey waged war against the legal profession and published a pamphlet entitled Robbed by Malice and Corruption by our Judges and Lawyers. She was also well known in Perth for her soapbox oratory on the Esplanade, where she criticized lawyers as thieves.\nTracey died in Victoria Park on 24 February 1917, and was buried in Karrakatta cemetery, Perth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tracey-eliza-1842-1917\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League of Western Australia Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0778", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-western-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Mt Lawley, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League of Western Australia was established on 23 August 1937 with the aim of centralising the activities of various Catholic women's societies and to 'give public expression to Catholic thought on vital questions arising from time to time'. It is affiliated with the Catholic Women's League Australia Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-catholic-womens-league-of-w-a-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-western-australia-inc-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Country Women's Association of Western Australia (Inc)", "Entry ID": "AWE0792", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-western-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of the Western is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group and service association working in the interests of women and children in rural areas. Although ostensibly non-party-political, in practice the group has tended to bolster conservative politics and has supported traditional family roles for women. Historically, it was, however, also a progressive force in many ways, particularly in its encouragement of country women to take an active part in public affairs, and also in its lobby for and provision of services to rural areas.\nGiven its size and scope, it was arguably the most influential women's organisation in Western Australia in the twentieth century.\n", "Details": "The formation of a country women's association in Western Australia was first proposed in 1923 by Lady Forster (wife of the then Governor General). While visiting Perth she addressed a meeting of the National Council of Women at the Karrakatta Club about the recently formed New South Wales Association. A provisional committee was formed to set about establishing a Western Australian Association. Mabel Craven-Griffith sent hundreds of letters and travelled extensively to arouse interest in the proposal. The first meeting was held in Perth in early 1924 and by the end of the year four branches were operating. The first conference was held in March 1925, attended by the four founding branches, at which Craven-Griffiths was elected as the first state president. The original motto, 'Honour to God, Loyalty to the Throne and Empire, Service to the Country, Through Countrywomen, for Countrywomen, by Countrywomen' was also adopted.\nThe first objective of most branches was to establish a Rest Room, where children could be fed and tea made when women from rural areas had to visit town, and as a space for meetings. By 1934 the Association claimed 124 branches, of which 24 already had Rest Rooms. Many were also used for a wide array of other purposes, for example: baby clinics and kindergartens; card evening and other social events; meeting rooms for Guides, Scouts and other groups; wartime canteens; polling booths; and some also provide accommodation. From 1933 into the 1940s the CWA arranged for the distribution of free fruit to children in outback areas where it was not grown and was too expensive to purchase. They also arranged holiday camps for outback children.\nFrom 1934 they produced their own newsletter, the Countrywoman of Western Australia, which became a formal monthly publication in 1940. They have also produced numerous cookbooks and local histories.\nMembership reached a peak of 12,000 across about 250 branches in the mid 1950s, declining to 9,000 by 1970, although the number of branches had increased. From 1928, Younger Sets (for girls and young women) were also established, reaching a peak of 50 'Sets' by 1942, but these steadily declined and were eventually disbanded in the early 1960s.\nDuring the war years, as in other states, much of the Association's energy was directed towards supporting the war effort. They initiated a War Relief Fund, which purchased materials that were made up into various garments for those in war-devastated areas by members of local branches. Some Rest Rooms were used as 'spotting stations' for Japanese attacks, often manned by CWA members during the day. They arranged accommodation, meals and entertainment for soldiers who were in training or transit. They launched a training scheme for girls to undertake work in rural areas where male labour was in short supply. They contributed to the CWA's nationwide camouflage net making contract, as well as making up various woollen garments and other items, as well as sheepskin vests .After the war they continued to send food parcels and clothing to Britain.\nThey assisted particularly with the Women's Land Army, the nationwide CWA camouflage net making contract (of which 20,000 were made). Thousand of pounds were raised and donated to purchase medical equipment for the army, a trainer plane for the RAAF and to provide meals and other 'comforts' for soldiers in training camps, as well as large donations to the Red Cross. Almost every branch had an Emergency World Circle which made up various woollen garments and other items, as well as sheepskin vests. They also supported 'Food for Britain\nNationwide, CWA members made over 150,000 camouflage nets, as well as sheepskin vests for flight crews, and numerous other woollen garments. They also established a 'Comforts Fund' for soldiers and sent clothing and bedding to women and children in London.\nIn the postwar years the Association's activities expanded considerably. In 1946 a Club House was rented in Perth to provide both meeting rooms and accommodation, and in 1953 separate headquarter were built. Numerous holiday homes were also purchased and since the 1960s it has also established aged care homes for members. Handicrafts had been a strong feature of the Association since the 1930s, with numerous statewide exhibitions being held. In the 1940s and 1950s various handicraft schools were organised and the central Handicraft Committee sent out numerous packages of materials and instructions to outlying branches. In the 1950s numerous Association choirs were established, and from 1953 statewide drama contests were held. In 1974, to celebrate the Association's golden jubilee, over two hundred histories of local branches were written and sent to the central office.\nA variety of welfare activities were also undertaken, with a welfare fund having being established in 1934, to assist members in need or times of emergencies and natural disasters. Various funds have also assisted rural children to attend high school, and have been donated to causes both in Australia and abroad. In 1935 an Emergency Housekeeper Scheme was established. This became a separate in 1937, but in 1969 was taken over again by the Association. From the 1930s it established and ran several hostels for country school students who needed to live away from home in regional centres in order to attend high school. Most of these were transferred to government control in the 1960s.\nThe Association has also worked closely with numerous other organisations, particularly the Travellers' Aid Service. It has also had representatives a diverse range of groups, including, for example, the State Housing Authority, the Good Neighbour Council, the Keep Australia Beautiful Council, the Health Education Council, the Royal Flying Doctor Service, the WA Association for Children's Films and Television.\nAs of 2004 the Association's aim is: 'To improve the well being of all people especially those in country areas by promoting courtesy, co-operation, community effort, ethical standards and the wise use of resources.' It maintains holiday accommodation and retirement units; welfare and education funds; and an emergency home help service. Recently it has focussed particularly on the issue of aged care. Since 1988 it has run a rural information service, which monitors and disseminates information on rural services and assistance particularly relating to health, education and aged care.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cwa-celebrating-75-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/60-years-of-the-countrywoman-of-western-australia-official-publication-of-the-country-womens-association-of-w-a-inc-1934-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-no-milkmaid-a-biography-of-dame-raigh-roe-d-b-e\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-countrywoman-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-coast-calling-cwa-wa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-south-eastern-division-cwa-1953-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dalwallinu-branch-history-1974-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/salmon-gums-cwa-1938-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-wa-inc-wubin-branch-history-1974-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-jibberding-branch-of-country-womans-association-of-western-australia-1974-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-buntine-branch-history-1974-to-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pithara-branch-1974-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carnarvon-november-1938-c-w-a-w-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-continuing-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/her-name-is-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grass-patch-1952-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-southern-cross-branch-of-c-w-a-1934-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silver-years-in-the-golden-west-1924-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gairdner-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1902-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-raigh-roe-interviewed-by-gail-ohanlon-in-the-australians-of-the-year-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1948-1980-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1887-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-western-australia-collection-of-ephemera-material\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1882-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-winifred-kastner-sound-recording-interviewed-by-jean-teasdale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1937-1954-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-yerecoin-branch-of-the-country-womens-association-198-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1877-1951-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Western Australian Women's Society of Fine Arts and Crafts", "Entry ID": "AWE0794", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-western-australian-womens-society-of-fine-arts-and-crafts\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "Formed in 1935 in response to the long felt need for an organization that advanced women's interests and stimulated their creativity, the Western Australian Women's Society of Fine Arts and Crafts exemplified practical women-centred responses to the exclusion of women in the arts establishment. Three key periods of expansion were: the late 1940s, when work as a teaching society began in earnest; the mid 1960s, when memberships numbered 136; and the late 1970s and early 1980s, when craft had a renaissance and the organisation's numbers swelled. The Subiaco property, purchased in 1973, still serves as headquarters and continues to host classes in a range of crafts.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-w-a-womens-society-of-fine-arts-crafts-its-time-to-remember-1935-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1898-1977-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-west-australian-womens-society-of-fine-arts-and-crafts-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Centre for Research for Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0795", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centre-for-research-for-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Bentley, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1993 the Centre for Research for Women is a joint initiative between Curtin University of Technology, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University and the University of Western Australia. Based on a model of inter-university collaboration, the centre promotes feminist research across disciplines, universities, the community and the public sector. The Centre for Research for Women maintains an extensive database of expertise aimed at expanding research opportunities and the dissemination of research programmes. Every three years the location of the centre rotates to another of the participating universities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inter-university-inter-disciplinary-celebrating-a-decade-of-collaborative-leadership-at-the-centre-for-research-for-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centre-for-research-for-women-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Western Australian Council for Equal Pay and Opportunity", "Entry ID": "AWE0797", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australian-council-for-equal-pay-and-opportunity\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The formation of the Western Australian Council for Equal Pay and Opportunity in 1958 marked the beginning of a sixteen year long campaign seeking justice for women workers. The effectiveness of the campaign can be attributed to the wide ranging representation of affiliated groups, which included women's organizations, trade unions and representatives from across the political spectrum. The organization dissolved in 1973 when discriminatory clauses were removed from State legislation and the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission decided in favour of equal pay.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/equal-pay-circa-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1958-1975-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "ARTEMIS Women's Art Forum", "Entry ID": "AWE0800", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artemis-womens-art-forum\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "Artemis was established in 1985 as a forum for women artists, art teachers, critics and writers. It sought to foster discussion and interest in the practice and ideas of women's art, promote community awareness of women's contribution to the arts, support women working in the arts and set up independent feminist criticism in order to address the perceived inequalities in Western Australia's arts establishment. Artemis aimed to activate critical appraisal of patriarchal culture and its effects on art history, practice and theory to redefine women's art practice in her own image. Artemis disbanded in 1990 due to the discontinuation of funding.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artemis-formed-to-fight-for-womens-equality-in-the-arts-establishment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artemis-information-about-womens-arts-organisation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1986-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lespar Library of Women's Liberation", "Entry ID": "AWE0801", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lespar-library-of-womens-liberation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Darlington, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "After attempts to establish a lending library at the Women's Centre Action Group and Camp Books failed, Lespar Library of Women's Liberation moved to purpose built facilities on Karin Hoffmann's Darlington property. It operated on an open by appointment basis for twelve years. A key objective was to provide resources and facilities for women centred research. The library also acted as a repository, eventually housing the archives of various women's organizations and individuals on a permanent basis.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lespar-feminist-library-catalogue-titles-authors-subjects\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gay-and-lesbian-archives-of-western-australia-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0803", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Founded 25 March 1909 the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia formed a core feminist connection for the exchange of feminist strategies and ideas with international feminism for much of the twentieth century. While typified as conservative, the Guilds anticipated many radical trends and were at the forefront of activism which challenged the political and social boundaries that excluded from participating fully in society. They worked to raise the status of women and improve the welfare of children, primarily through legislative reform and initiated a wide range of campaigns on local, national and international levels.\n", "Details": "From its inception the Women's Service Guilds shared interests, and in many cases memberships, with other key Western Australian women's organizations agitating for women's rights. The Guilds saw the education of women as the most effective way to improve women's legal status and give them entry into the public sphere. At the local level they lobbied for the direct representation of women in politics, the appointment of women to the judiciary, better conditions for female prisoners, and for women to take key positions in the courts and in welfare work with girls and prostitutes. After many battles they secured the establishment of a maternity hospital that admitted single and married women. In the 1920s the Guilds began a long association with Aboriginal Affairs and campaigned relentlessly to end the injustices experienced by Aborigines, particularly in relation to equality before the law. The Guilds insisted on having a say in shaping government policy and one outcome of many years of political activism was the opening of the first Western Australian Women's Parliament in 1946. Their interests in environmental preservation pre-dated the conscious raising campaigns of the 1980s and 1990s by more than 60 years.\nThe Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia affiliated with many international feminist organizations and acted as a conduit for the dissemination of ideas and information coming into Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sixty-years-of-progress-highlights-of-the-history-of-the-womens-service-guilds-of-w-a-inc-1909-1969-as-presented-on-the-occasion-of-the-diamond-jubilee-celebrations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/march-of-australian-women-a-record-of-fifty-years-struggle-for-equal-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-w-a-founded-1909-and-incorporated-1924-non-party-golden-jubilee-1909-1959-digest-of-growth-activities-and-achievements-milestones-in-50-years-of-community-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/with-ready-hands-and-new-brooms-the-women-who-campaigned-for-female-suffrage-in-western-australia-1895-1899we\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-sexuality-and-feminism-perths-womens-organisations-1938-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1909-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-sheila-mcclemans-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/isabel-johnston-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-florence-cardell-oliver-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1876-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1920-1944-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wise Women Wednesdays", "Entry ID": "AWE0948", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wise-women-wednesdays\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Wise Women Wednesdays are an informal gathering for those interested in women's issues, to exchange information, network and plan. There is a lunch (BYO) and a chat between 12.00 and 12.30 pm. A presentation by an invited speaker takes place from 12.30 to 1.15. After the presentation there is time for questions and discussion. These free events are held on the 2nd Wednesday of the month and are supported by the Centre for Research for Women, National Council of Women Australia, National Council of Women Western Australia (NCW WA), Women's Electoral Lobby and Women's Policy Office, although the latter is no longer involved. Now basically run by the NCW WA a second branch has been established in Mendurah, Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zonta Club of Perth", "Entry ID": "AWE1044", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zonta-club-of-perth\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Perth, a women's service club, was founded in 1971. It is part of Zonta International, a world-wide organisation of business and professional women working together to advance the legal, political, economic and professional status of women. Zonta clubs support Zonta International service and award programmes, and also provide support for local community projects by fundraising or active involvement, particularly those dealing with women's issues such as economic self-sufficiency, legal equality, access to education and health, and eradication of violence.\n", "Details": "District 23 of Zonta International was created in 1989, covering Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania, and divided into four areas. The first conference of District 23 was held in Perth in 1991.\nWestern Australia forms Area 3 of District 23 and as of 2004 comprised 6 Zonta clubs: Bunbury Area, Dunsborough Area, Peel Region, Perth, Perth Northern Suburbs Area, and Swan Hills.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-15\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-our-club-the-northern-suburbs-zonta-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inzert\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1975-2004-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-material-relating-to-the-zonta-club-of-perth\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zonta Club of Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE1045", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zonta-club-of-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Sydney was chartered in 1966. Originally part of District 16, the Zonta Club of Sydney now belongs to District 24.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "West Australian Housewives' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE1113", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-housewives-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The West Australian Housewives' Association was formed in 1920 for the purpose of protecting the interests of housewives. The final meeting of the Executive was held 3 April, 1984.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-housewives-association-inc-non-party-non-sectarian\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1929-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1876-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Migrant Centre", "Entry ID": "AWE2163", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-migrant-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant Welfare Organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Migrant Centre has been crucial to the provision of support services to immigrants to Perth for over twenty years.\n", "Details": "The Catholic Episcopal Migrqation and Welfare Association was set up shortly after the end of World War Two to assist Catholic Children from the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta who had been brought to Western Australia without their parents. In 1970, the Catholic Family Welfare Bureau was established to monitor the placement of these kids in various institutions; by 1972 it had developed into a general counselling and welfare agency, receiving funding from the Department of Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs (DILGEA) to employ a dedicated migrant worker. In 1973, a separate Catholic Immigration Office was established, placed under the care of the Catholic Family Welfare Bureau.\nThe Catholic Immigration Office grew and evolved, first changing its name to the Catholic Migrant Resource Centre and eventually becoming the Catholic Migrant Centre in 1984. In 1985 the Catholic Migrant Centre became an autonomous body accountable to the Western Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mail-order-brides-a-west-australian-study-on-filipino-australian-marriages\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-situation-of-filipino-brides-in-the-northern-areas-of-western-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gruszka-mietka-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pearce Sisters", "Entry ID": "AWE2279", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pearce-sisters\/", "Type": "Family", "Birth Place": "Moulyinning, Western Australia", "Occupations": "Hockey player", "Summary": "Raised in a small farming community at Moulyinning, the Pearce sisters - May, Jean, Morna and Caroline - came to prominence in women's hockey in that State from the mid-1930s to the mid-1960s. May, Jean and Morna Pearce all went on to captain both State and national teams. Caroline 'Tib' Pearce played at State and national levels.\n", "Details": "May Pearce (Campbell, 1915-1981), was one of Western Australia's greatest players, scoring 100 goals in interclub, interstate and international matches in 1936. She represented Australia from 1936 to 1948 before working as a coach and administrator.\nJean Pearce (Wynne, 1921 - ), represented Western Australia from 1939 to 1953. She made the Australian team in 1946 and captained it to victory over England in 1953.\nCaroline Pearce (Ash, 1925 - ), played from 1946 to 1950 and was a member, along with May and Jean, of the unbeaten 1948 Australian team that toured New Zealand.\nMorna Pearce (Hyde, 1932 - ), played under her sister Jean's captaincy in 1953, becoming Australian captain herself by 1956 when the next international tournament was played in Sydney. Morna won Western Australia's first Sportsman of the Year award in 1956. Her son, John Hyde, is a member of the Labor Party and represents the seat of Perth in the Legislative Assembly.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-oxford-companion-to-australian-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Lawyers' Association of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5621", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-lawyers-association-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Professional Association, Women's organisation", "Summary": "In 1982, Vivien Payne, Antoinette (Toni) Kennedy, Diana Bryant, Anne Payne, Christine Wheeler, Rhonda Griffiths, Becky Vidler and Kim Rooney established the Women Lawyers' Association of Western Australia (WLWA). Vivian Payne was its first president.\nSince formation WLWA has actively lobbied for and achieved a number of changes in the legal profession, such as the introduction of flexible work practices, the inclusion of sexual harassment as a breach of the professional conduct rules, consultations with the State Government and the Chief Justice concerning appointments of Judges and Senior Counsel and the introduction of a model briefing policy to promote equal opportunities in briefing practices.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5947", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1861, the Supreme Court is the highest court in Western Australia, with responsibility for both criminal and civil matters. Additionally, it is the State's main appeal court. The Supreme Court is divided into two divisions - the General Division and the Court of Appeal. The Court comprises the Chief Justice,\u00a020 Judges, one Master, the Principal Registrar and eight Registrars.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal", "Entry ID": "AWE5948", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-western-australia-court-of-appeal\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Court of Appeal Division of the Supreme Court was established on 1 February 2005 following the proclamation of the Acts Amendment (Court of Appeal) Act 2004. The Court hears appeals from decisions of a single judge of the Supreme Court and from judges of the District Court as well as various other courts and tribunals. It also hears criminal appeals against sentences, such as the length of imprisonment, and appeals against conviction.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children's Court of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5963", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/childrens-court-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Children's Court of Western Australia deals with offences alleged to have been committed by young people aged 10 to 17 years. The Court began as the Perth Children's Court under the State Children's Act 1907 and operated within the City of Perth. Following amendments to the Act, the Court was permitted to sit in the metropolitan area. With the passing of the Children's Court of WA Act 1988, it became known as the Children's Court of WA.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE6456", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Women's Electoral Lobby, Western Australia (WEL WA), was established in 1972 and become an official organisation the following year. A constitution was drawn up in 1974 and amended in 1980 when WEL became an incorporated body. WEL WA was officially shut down in 2008.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "West Australian Association of Polish Women", "Entry ID": "AWE6515", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-association-of-polish-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The West Australian Association of Polish Women was established in 1969 and incorporated in 1973. Since their inception, the Association has provided services for people from a variety of diverse backgrounds.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kolo-polek-w-zachodniej-australii-west-australian-association-of-polish-women-inc\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Perth", "Entry ID": "AWE6526", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-ladies-college-mlc-perth\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The foundation stone for the Methodist Ladies' College in Claremont, Western Australia, was laid by His Excellency the Governor on Friday 8 November 1907. A year later the school was opened with 54 students enrolled under headmistress Miss Edith James.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Australian Nursing Federation (Western Australian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE6579", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-australian-nursing-federation-western-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Royal Victorian Trained Nurses Association (W.A. Branch) and the Australian Trained Nurses Association (W.A. Branch) amalgamated in 1924 to form the Australian Nursing Federation (Western Australian Branch). The prefix 'Royal' was obtained in 1956, but was removed again in 1987.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1868-1989-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Zonta Club of Perth Northern Suburbs Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6581", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-zonta-club-of-perth-northern-suburbs-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Perth Nothern Suburbs was established on 22 June 1981.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "KarraKatta Club", "Entry ID": "IMP0211", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karrakatta-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Author Monica Starke writes in the publication The Alexandra Club:\n\"The honour of being the first women's club in Australia belongs to the Karrakatta Club, founded in Perth in 1894\u2026 The inspiration for the club came from Dr Emily Ryder, a visiting American who was so impressed by the standard of the books studied by the St George's Reading Circle and the members' ability in debate that she suggested the formation of a club modelled on the Education Clubs that were popular with American women. A well-attended meeting, convened by two distinguished members of the teaching profession, unanimously voted to form a club on the lines explained to them by Dr Ryder. Sociability would not have been ruled out as an aim but Dr Ryder obviously envisaged an active role in public affairs for the new club since she warned that 'ridicule would be cast on the club but they must make up their minds to live down opposition and ignore ridicule'. With this attractive future predicted for it the Karrakatta Club set off bravely with thirty-eight foundation members and four departments: hygiene, literature, arts and, as an afterthought, because of the continuing battle for the enfranchisement of women, legal and educational.\"\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karrakatta-club-incorporated-history-1894-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/editorial-praising-the-karrakatta-club-for-its-suggestions-as-to-how-the-queens-diamond-jubilee-can-be-celebrated\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heredity-and-environment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-thick-of-every-battle-for-the-cause-of-labor-the-voluntary-work-of-the-labor-womens-organisations-in-western-australia-1900-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1894-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-from-mrs-phoebe-holmes-to-mrs-gavan-duffy-23-december-1923-about-the-karrakatta-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1899-1956-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/" } ]