[ { "Title\/Name": "Taylor, Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE0034", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "England", "Occupations": "Author, Solicitor, Teacher, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Joy Taylor was the National Coordinator of the Women's Electoral Lobby in 1988.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Garbutt, Sherryl", "Entry ID": "AWE0125", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garbutt-sherryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Essendon, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Sherryl Garbutt was elected to the seat of Greensborough in 1989 at a by-election following the death of Pauline Toner; the seat of Greensborough was abolished in the 1990 redistribution. She was the Member (ALP) of Parliament for the Bundoora electorate from 1992-2006 and held the portfolios of Environment and Conservation and Women's Affairs from 1999-2002 and Community Services from 2002-06. She did not contest the 2006 election.\n", "Details": "Sherryl Garbutt completed her BA and DipEd at the University of Melbourne and her B.Ed. at La Trobe University. She worked as a secondary school teacher (1970 -1976) before she went to work as an Electorate Officer to the Hon. Pauline Toner, Member for Greensborough, in 1982. She was elected to the seat of Greensborough in 1989 at a by-election following the death of Pauline Toner.\nAfter winning the Greensborough by-election, Garbutt became a member of the Education Caucus Committee and the Conservation and Environment Caucus Committee from 1989-92. She was also a member of the Natural Resources & Environment Parliamentary Committee (1991-1992) and the Community Development Committee (1992-1996).\nIn 1992 Garbutt became the Shadow Minister for Community Services and a year later the Shadow Minister for Women's Affairs. She held both these positions until 1996 when she was made Shadow Minister for Environment, Conservation & Land Management and Shadow Minister for Water Resources from 1996-1999.\nThe mother of two adult children, her interests include bushwalking, camping and travel.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2016 - 2016)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minister-for-womens-affairs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sherryl-garbutt-mp-member-for-bundoora\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bladel, Frances (Fran) Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0131", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bladel-frances-fran-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Fran Bladen was elected a State Member (ALP) for Franklin in Tasmania and held her seat from 1986 to 2002. She held several ministerial portfolios from 1989 to 1992, and returned to the ministry as Secretary to Cabinet in 1998. She resigned from the Legislative Assembly in 2002 to unsuccessfully contest the Legislative Council seat of Huon.\n", "Details": "Fran Bladel graduated with a BA (Honours) degree from the University of Tasmania. She became a teacher at Rose Bay High and Bridgewater High and a coordinator of the Tagari Project from 1970 to 1985.\nFrom 1989 to 1992 Bladel was Minister for Consumer Affairs, Administrative Services and Construction and Minister assisting the Premier on the Status of Women. She was a member of the Administrative Committee of the Australian Labor Party, the Australian Education Union, the Tasmanian Council of Social Services, the Working Women's Centre, the Community Enterprise Employment Project (Clarendon Vale), the East Derwent Branch of the Tasmanian Arts Council, the Management Committee of the Housing Assistance Service, the Tasmanian Writers Union and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She was Patron of the Eastern Shore Table Tennis League, the Risdon Vale Community Centre Management Committee and the Bridgewater Police, Citizens and Youth Club.\nBladel was a founding member and secretary of 'A Taste of the Huon' Festival Committee, Chairperson of Bridgewater\/Gagebrook Skillshare Inc and a foundation member of Emily's List (Tasmania).\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women (2006 - 2006) \nInducted into the Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women (2006 - 2006)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fran-bladel-member-for-franklin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-fran-bladel-teacher-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jocelynne-scutt-1982-2010-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Troeth, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE0203", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/troeth-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Judith Troeth was elected as a Senator for Victoria in the Parliament of Australia in 1993. She was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy from October 1997 until October 1998, when she moved to become Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. She held that position until October 2004. She retired at the 2010 federal election, but remained in the Senate until her term expired on 30 June 2011.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Keith Malcolm and Eileen Mary Ralston, Judith Troeth was educated at Methodist Ladies College, Kew. She completed a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma of Education at Melbourne University.\nBefore entering Parliament she worked as a teacher as well as being an active partner in the family farm. She was Parliamentary Secretary to the Shadow Minister for Employment, Training and Family Services from 26 May 1994 to 11 March 1996; Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy from 9 October 1997 to 21 October 1998 as well as being a member of various parliamentary committees.\nSenator Judith Troeth has five children and enjoys films, theatre, reading and bushwalking.\n", "Events": "Chair of the Federal Liberal Regional and Rural Committee (1996 - 2002) \nChair of the Senate Standing Committee for Scrutiny of Bills (1994 - 1996) \nChair of the State Strategy Committee (Vic) (1991 - 1992) \nChairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation committee (1996 - 1997) \nCountry Vice-President of the Liberal Pary (Vic.) (1989 - 1992) \nFederal Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (1998 - 1998) \nFederal Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy (1997 - 1998) \nFederal Parltiamentary Secretary to Shadow Minister for Employment, Training and Family Services (1994 - 1996) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012) \nLiberal Party Branch President (1982 - 1991) \nMember of the Joint Standing: Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade (1997 - 1997) \nMember of the Joint Standing: Migration Committee (1996 - 1997) \nMember of the Joint Statutory: National Crime Authority (1993 - 1996) \nMember of the Liberal Party Administrative Committee (Vic.) (1988 - 1992) \nMember of the Liberal Party Policy Assembly and State Rural Committees (1985 - 1992) \nMember of the Parliamentary Delegation to the United States of America and Canada (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Senate Estimates: A Committee (1993 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Estimates: E Committee (1994 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Community Affairs (1993 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Community Affairs: References Committee (1994 - 1994) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Employment, Education and Training: Legislation Committee (1994 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Employment, Education and Training: References Committee (1994 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade: References Committee (1996 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Legislative and General Purpose Standing Committee for Rural and Regional Affairs (1993 - 1993) \nMember of the Senate Select: Community Standards Relevant to the Supply of Services Utilising Electronic Technologies (1996 - 1997) \nMember of the Senate Select: Land Fund Bill Committee (1994 - 1995) \nMember of the Senate Select: Victorian Casino Inquiry (1996 - 1996) \nMember of the Senate Select:Certain Land Fund Matters (1995 - 1995) \nMember of the Senate Standing Committee for Scrutiny of Bills (1993 - 1996) \nOfficial visit to Singapore, Taiwan, Japan and Korea (1999 - 1999) \nParticipating member, Community Affairs: Legislation Committee (1994 - 1996) \nParticipating member, Economics: References Committee (1996 - 1996) \nParticipating member, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade: Legislation Committee (1994 - 1996) \nParticipating member, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade: References Committee (1996 - 1996) \nRural and Regional Affairs and Transport: References Committee (1994 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hon-judith-troeth-senator-for-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/senator-hon-judith-troeth-parliamentary-secretary-to-the-minister-for-agriculture-fisheries-and-forestry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tennent, Gaye", "Entry ID": "AWE0212", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tennent-gaye\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cleveland, Transvaal, South Africa", "Death Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "A South African by birth, Gaye Tennent received her later education in London and at the University of Melbourne. Early crippled by poliomyelitis, she graduated B.A. (Hons) in 1930 and M.A. in English with a Dip. Ed. In 1934. She became a school teacher and later a tutor at Janet Clarke Hall, Vice-Principal at the Women's College and tutor and lecturer in the University English Department.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennings-vera-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bielski, Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE0223", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bielski-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Wollstonecraft, New South Wales", "Occupations": "Activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Joan Bielski was a long time activist for equality for women in employment, education and public life. A founding member of the Council for Civil Liberties, she was also a foundation member of Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) in 1972 and continued her active involvement throughout her life.\nIn 1988 she was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for her services to women and girls education. In 2004 she was awarded the Order of Australia for her services to women in politics and public life.\nJoan Bielski was a long time supporter of the National Foundation for Australian Women.\n", "Details": "Born in Narrabri, New South Wales (NSW), in 1923, Joan Margaret Ward was the daughter of a banker (Francis Ward) and a banker turned housewife (Doris (nee Bull)). The family later moved to Armidale and Joan attended St Patrick's Convent Armidale, then St Mary's Convent, Gunnedah, where she completed her intermediate certificate.\nAfter leaving school without gaining her leaving certificate, she worked in a newsprint factory and in clerical jobs until she joined the RAAF at 18, where she served as a telegraphist in communications from 1942 to 1945. Assisted by the ex-servicemen rehabilitation scheme after the war, she completed her matriculation at Sydney Technical College. She then moved on to tertiary study in 1947. She graduated BA. Dip.Ed. New England University College, University of Sydney in 1951.\nJoan became an advocate in migrant welfare and joined the Immigration Reform Group in the 1950s. Her voluntary work for migrants consisted of providing translation, information and support services. In 1953, she married Jerzy (George) Stefan Bielski, a socialist immigrant from Poland and survivor of Auschwitz Concentration Camp. They supported each other in all their political and social activities.\nJoan was a foundation member of Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 and reforms for women in relation to child care, employment, poverty, divorce law, inheritance taxes and education. She was also a founding member of Women In Education, a lobby of women educators lobbying for equal opportunity for girls and women in education in the years 1974-1990 approx.\nJoan was a teacher (1951-1974) and Research Officer, Royal Commission on Human Relationships (1975-76) and Officer in Charge, Social Development Unit, NSW Ministry of Education 1977-84. The latter's role was to advise the then NSW Government, the universities, Technical and Further Education (TAFE) colleges, schools and community organisations on discrimination and sexism issues in education at all levels, multicultural education and anti-discrimination legislation as it applied to education and employment in education..\nJoan worked to inform the education sector about the extant research in the social sciences that pointed to the need for reform and the means of reform in the education of girls, especially in Mathematics, Science, Home Science and Technical Education. She was instrumental in having the NSW system rethink its presentation of Maths and science to girls and to have the TAFE system restructure and broaden the scope of studies such as Secretarial Studies, apprenticeship training for girls and to have TAFE introduce re-entry education and training programs for adult women. The latter programs continue to this day.\nJoan was the author of numerous conference and position papers on various aspects of women and girls education, such as career education, apprenticeships, the effect of technology change, women and educational management, equality in early childhood education of boys and girls. She was instrumental in having the Government of the day schedule the NSW universities under the NSW Anti-Discrimination Act some years before the Sex Discrimination Act was passed to cover all universities.\nMany of her initiatives provided stimulus and\/or models for national action in the area of women and girls education. Her expertise in the area of discrimination, equal opportunity and affirmative action in education was sought after by the Western Australian (WA) Government, private educational institutions in various states and by universities. She was a member of the Councils of both University of New England (UNE) and Macquarie University for many years in the 1980s and the early 1990s. Her book, Women Engineers, is an account of 20 practicing Australian women engineers' motivation, education, training and their working experience and an analysis of the implication of these for educators and employers.\nAfter retirement from paid employment Joan devoted her energies to promoting women's welfare and, as founding member and Honorary Secretary, of Women Into Politics. Since 1992, she has worked with women to explore the issues which limit women's participation in politics and to increase the numbers of women in our parliaments and in Australian public life.\nAs well as organising various conferences, seminars, consultations and fund raising Annual dinners, Joan contributed to conferences, delivering numerous papers on issues relevant to discrimination against women in politics and equal political representation.\nRecent speaking engagements include:\n\nThe Women's Constitutional Convention, January 1998. Topic: What women should expect from a Bill of Rights.\nThe National Party's Women's Council, September 2002, on the rationale for equal representation and outlining necessary political party reforms.\nThe Organisation of Hellenic & Hellenic-Cypriot Women of Australia, National Conference, January, 2001. Topic: Australian women's movement as part of a world movement, its history of gaining the vote, lobbying and activism and the move to equal representation.\nAustralian Federation of University Women Hunter Conference, 15 September 2001. Topic: The Women's Charter for Political Reform.\nAustralian Local Government Women's Association Australia. National Conference, Canberra, 20th October 2001. Topic: The Women's Charter for Political Reform\n\nBielski had returned from a forum on women and ageing organised by the Older Women's Network and was writing a missive on a local development when she collapsed with a massive stroke. She passed away on August 17, 2012. According to friend and fellow traveller in WEL and the NSW Women and Education Group, Jozefa Sobski, 'Her wit and good humour, her infectious and rousing laughter, her generosity with friends, her alertness to injustice, her energetic pursuit of political indolence and indifference to inequality or unfairness, will be remembered by all who knew her.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-honour-roll-b\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coming-to-the-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-engineers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womens-charter-for-political-reform-2001-a-charter-for-political-equality-for-women-and-for-good-government-for-all-australian-citizens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-advocate-smashed-educational-barriers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-redress-press-book-files-1976-1996-including-correspondence-contracts-readers-reports-reviews-and-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judith-steanes-interview-with-joan-bielski-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-bielski-papers-1968-2004\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crone, Nina", "Entry ID": "AWE0245", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crone-nina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Grays, Essex, England", "Occupations": "Historian, Journalist, Linguist, Teacher", "Summary": "Nina Crone was Editor of the Australian Garden History Society journal, Australian Garden History, and a former headmistress of Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School (CEGGS). Crone worked in broadcasting, education and management in Australia, England and Switzerland. She was appointed a Fellow of the Australian College of Education and received a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in 2000.\n", "Details": "Daughter of James Kinning and Grace Gwendolen (n\u00e9e Hall) Crone.\nAfter completing her secondary education at Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC), East Melbourne, Crone in 1953 graduated from Melbourne University with a BA.. From 1957 to 1964 she was a teacher in Europe and Australia as well as obtaining her Bed from Melbourne University in 1962.\nFrom 1965-1974 she was a radio and TV producer for the ABC Schools Broadcasts and in 1975 became Headmistress of CEGGS. Crone is a former member of the Vic. State Advisory Committee for School Broadcasts, member of the Buildings Advisory Committee Australian Schools Commission 1979-1981, member of the Academic Committee on Education (Vic.) 1975-1980, committee member Australian College of Education (Vic.) 1974-1979. Also Crone has been a council member of the Girl Guides Association (Vic.), committee member of the United Nations Association of Australia (UNAA) Vic. 1962-1964 and a member of the Lyceum Club Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/planting-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honouring-nina-crone\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Henslowe, Dorothea Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE0326", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henslowe-dorothea-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Launceston, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Teacher", "Summary": "After leaving school Dorothea Henslowe worked as a teacher and governess. During World War I she was a Voluntary Aid at Hornsey Hospital at Evandale after which she returned to teaching. After both her parents died in 1935, Henslowe travelled to Canada and then settled in Battery Point, Hobart. She worked in an honorary capacity for the Australian Board of Mission, a missionary organisation of the Anglican Church that works largely in Asia, the Pacific and with Aboriginal communities, for over 30 years.\n", "Details": "\"Dorothea Isabel Henslowe lived in the Scottsdale area, Tasmania until she was three, when her family moved to a farm at Ulverstone. She was educated by a governess until leaving home to complete her schooling at the Church of England Girls' Grammar School in Launceston. After leaving school she worked as a teacher and governess, including at Launceston's Frederick Street School.\n\"From 1919 to 1920 she was a Voluntary Aid at Hornsey Hospital at Evandale, but subsequently returned to teaching. In 1925 she went to live with her family in Hamilton, where her father had been appointed Anglican rector, and she spent the next ten years there helping in the parish and giving aid to the needy.\n\"After both her parents died in 1935, Dorothea travelled to Canada and then settled in Battery Point, Hobart. She worked for the Australian Board of Mission, a missionary organisation of the Anglican Church that works largely in Asia, the Pacific and with Aboriginal communities. She worked in an honorary capacity for this organisation for more than 30 years. She was first appointed secretary to the Women's Auxiliary of the Board in 1937, serving in the position until 1943. She was then appointed as the honorary state secretary for Tasmania and established the organisation's state office. In this role she became the first woman to address the Synod of the Anglican Church in Tasmania. She retired as honorary state secretary in 1954, but continued to serve on the organisation's board and as its representative to the Anglican Synod. She was federal president of the organisations for six years, and federal president of the Women's Auxiliary from 1964 to 1967. She also served as a voluntary worker on the Diocesan Children's Homes Committee, which oversaw the management of Children's Homes operated by the Tasmanian Diocese of the Anglican Church, including five years as its honorary secretary and later three as its president. She was an initiator of the Canterbury Tea Rooms, which raised funds for both the Australian Board of Mission and the Diocesan Children's Homes between 1949 and 1959.\n\"Dorothea Henslowe was active in the Battery Point community. She was vice-president of the Battery Point Progress Association, and was president for 11 years of a committee which purchased a former Methodist Church in the 1960's to prevent its demolition and replacement by a service station. The Church became the Battery Point Community Centre. She ran a playgroup for underprivileged children and a boys club and suggested the establishment of a Senior Citizen's Club there. In 1987 the Community Centre was renamed Henslowe Park in recognition of her role in its establishment.\n\"She had a wide interest in the history of Tasmania, particularly its buildings. In 1971, Dorothea and a friend had the idea of taking tourists for guided tours of Battery Point. These were established the same year. She took many of the walks herself and also trained other guides to lead them. The walks raised funds for the restoration of St George's Anglican Church at Battery Point and for the National Trust. In 1978 she published a book, Our Heritage of Anglican Churches in Tasmania, a history of Anglican church buildings in the state.\n\"Dorothea Henslowe received a number of awards in recognition for her community and tourism work, including a British Empire Medal in 1979. She became a life member of the National Trust in 1986, and was Hobart City Council's Citizen of the Year in 1992. The same year she won the Tasmanian Visitor Corporation Award, an award created especially for her.\nShe also travelled extensively within Australia and overseas, including a trip to Central Australia to observe the work of the Australian Board of Mission. She published two books as a result of trips to Papua New Guinea, Papuan Post in 1947 and Papua Calls in 1954. During several trips to the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States she visited family members. In 1966 her sister Muriel Cranswick travelled with her to the Holy Lands, and together again in 1972, when Dorothea made a return visit to Papua New Guinea. Dorothea Henslowe died in 1994. Her ashes are at St Peter's Anglican Church at Hamilton, Tasmania.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-georges-church-a-guide-to-the-church-together-with-a-short-history-compiled-from-church-records-1824-to-1972\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papuan-post-being-letters-from-new-guinea\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papua-calls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-heritage-of-anglican-churches-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yarn-spinners-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-australian-board-of-missions-tasmanian-branch\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Campbell, Christine Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0357", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/campbell-christine-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Christine Campbell was the Member for Pascoe Vale representing the Australian Labor Party in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1996. She was re-elected at the elections held in 1999, 2002, 2006 and 2010. She has held the ministerial portfolios of Community Services, Senior Victorians and Consumer Affairs. She retired from parliament in November 2014.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Deasey, Maude (Kathleen)", "Entry ID": "AWE0406", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collingwood, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Servicewoman, Teacher", "Summary": "Kathleen Deasey was appointed assistant-controller Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS), Southern Command in November 1941. Prior to joining the AWAS, Deasey was lady superintendent at Melbourne's Ladies College, Melbourne. Following World War II, Deasey worked with the Department of Immigration, after which she studied at the Sorbonne, Paris. Later Deasey returned to teaching and was a senior tutor in education at the University of Melbourne and then became Principal of St Ann's College, University of Adelaide.\n", "Details": "The second of six children to Anglican clergyman, Rev. Denis Murrell and Maude Williamson (n\u00e9e Watt) Deasey, Kathleen was educated at Geelong Church of England Girls' Grammar School. She obtained a BA (1931), MA (1933) and DipEd (1935) from the University of Melbourne, and a BA (1937) and MA (1946) from Newham College, Cambridge. She taught at Frensham, Mittagong, NSW and became lady superintendent at Methodist Ladies College (Melbourne). \nIn November 1941 Deasey was appointed assistant-controller, Southern Command and was promoted to Major on 28 January 1942. Initially she established the service's structure in Victoria and then supervised the enlistment and training of recruits. In May 1943 she was transferred to First Army Headquarters, Toowoomba, Queensland as assistant-controller and later to the Australian Army Chaplains' Department, Land Headquarters, Melbourne.\nIn 1944 the Chaplains' Department published, Readings and Prayers for Members of the Army Women's Services, a booklet that Deasey compiled. After the war she represented the Australian Women's Army Service at the Victory march in London (1946) and then returned to Australia and drafted a history of the Service. \nAfter being discharged from the army Deasey worked with the Department of Immigration, spent time studying at the Sorbonne, Paris, followed by administering an agency sponsorship scheme for the World Council of Churches. From 1960 to 1961 she was a senior tutor in education at the University of Melbourne and then became Principal of St Ann's College, University of Adelaide, until 1966. Returning to Melbourne in 1967, she joined the staff of Larnook Domestic Arts Teachers' College, Armadale.\nKathleen Deasey, who never married, died on 6 September 1968 and was buried in Boroondara cemetery, Kew.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-m-k-maj-appointment-as-lc-between-aa-ch-d-and-australian-army-womens-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deasey-maude-kathleen-service-number-v345001-date-of-birth-26-may-1909-place-of-birth-melbourne-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-vic-next-of-kin-deasey-d\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-m-kathleen-deasey-college-principal-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/honours-and-awards-recommendations-for-new-year-honours-list-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/general-sir-thomas-blamey-inspects-units-of-the-australian-womens-army-service-at-their-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-deasey-sewing-on-a-victory-contingent-colour-patch-for-private-frank-john-partridge-vc-on-board-hmas-shropshire\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-m-k-deasey-australian-womens-army-service-awas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-major-kathleen-deasey-who-in-november-1941-was-appointed-assistant-controller-in-victoria-of-the-australian-womens-army-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Palmer, Helen Gwynneth", "Entry ID": "AWE0443", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Political activist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "The second daughter of Vance and Nettie (n\u00e9e Higgins) Palmer, Helen Palmer spent a year in London after being educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College (Melbourne) where she was dux in 1934. Returning to Melbourne she won a scholarship to the University of Melbourne and graduated with a BA and DipEd in 1939. She later obtained a B.Ed. (1952). From 1940 until 1942 she was a teacher in Victorian State schools.\nHelen Palmer enlisted in the Women's Australian Auxiliary Air Force on 18 February 1942 and during her service worked in the education division. After the war she worked with the Commonwealth Office of Education (Sydney). In 1948 she returned to Melbourne teaching in private schools.\nShe made several trips to China and in 1953 published her observations in An Australian Teacher in China. Through the bi-monthly publication Outlook (1957-1970), Helen Palmer provided a forum for vigorous discussion of all issues which were part of a radical critique of Australian politics and society.\nThe author (with Jessie MacLeod) of First Hundred Years (1954) and After the First Hundred Years (1961), she also authored books on Australian literature, popular culture and history. Helen Palmer was also a prominent poet and balladist and is remembered for 'The Ballard of 1891,' that describes the shearers' strike.\nHelen Palmer died on 6 May 1979.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-palmer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth-1917-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/banjo-paterson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-g-spence-and-the-rise-of-the-trade-unions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-sugar\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/makers-of-the-first-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beneath-the-southern-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/after-the-first-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fencing-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-palmers-outlook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conversation-with-helen-palmer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-two-hundred-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-time-women-in-victoria-150-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-years-150-stories-brief-biographies-of-one-hundred-and-fifty-remarkable-people-associated-with-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-g-palmer-complaint-re-wharf-officials\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/applications-for-positions-by-palmer-helen-gwynneth-miss\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/author-helen-gwynneth-palmer-and-ronald-james-grant-taylor-address-kirribilli-and-melbourne-title-of-work-prisoners-country-type-of-work-dramatic\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/department-of-information-broadcasting-division-talks-by-helen-palmer-sep-1943-transcripts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/palmer-helen-gwynneth-service-number-350207-date-of-birth-09-may-1917-place-of-birth-kew-vic-place-of-enlistment-melbourne-next-of-kin-palmer-vance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-gwynneth-palmer-volume-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-history-1914-18-war-records-of-charles-e-w-bean-official-historian\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-helen-palmer-writer-and-educationalist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-aileen-and-helen-palmer-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-helen-palmer-1918-1996-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-aileen-palmer-1935-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thesis-and-correspondence-1934-1967-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-outdoors-the-director-waaaf-group-officer-clare-stevenson-and-a-waaaf-wing-officer-conversing-with-waaaf-officers-who-conducted-a-four-day-bivouac\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audrey-blake-further-papers-1915-1998\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Price, Eileen May", "Entry ID": "AWE0588", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/price-eileen-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman, Teacher", "Summary": "A stenographer with the Department of Motor Transport, Eileen Price (n\u00e9e Lee) enjoyed dancing, surfing and roller skating before joining the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) on 6 June 1942. As a teleprinter operator, Aircraftwoman Lee was stationed at the Eastern Area Headquarters and the RAAF Station Canberra. After her discharge on 29 October 1945 she married Garnet George McLeod Price. The pair moved to Papua New Guinea when Garnet Price accepted a position as engineer with Guinea Air Traders.\nEileen Price returned to Sydney when she became pregnant, but her husband was killed in an aircraft accident and she raised their daughter, Catherine McLeod Price, with the help of her mother and by taking teaching positions with the Department of Technical Education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lee-eileen-mary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hamilton-Williams, Ruth Myee", "Entry ID": "AWE0618", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hamilton-williams-ruth-myee\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Woonona, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Bowral, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Servicewoman, Teacher", "Summary": "Ruth Hamilton-Williams, the daughter of James Davidson, enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) on 1 May 1943. She served as Assistant Controller at the Australian Military Forces Headquarters in Melbourne before being discharged, with the rank of Major, on 21 November 1946.\n", "Events": "Assistant Mistress at Frensham, New South Wales (1925 - 1929) \nAssistant Mistress at the Presbyterian Ladies College (PLC), Goulburn (1932 - 1934) \nAssistant secretary with the Australian Chemical Institute, Melbourne (1941 - 1943) \nDischarged from the AAMWS (1946 - 1946) \nEnlisted in the Australian Army Medical Women's Services (AAMWS) (1943 - 1943) \nMarried H S Hamilton Williams (1945 - 1945) \nSenior Mistress at PLC (1935 - 1936)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hamilton-williams-ruth-myee-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Laby, Elizabeth (Beth) Bartleman", "Entry ID": "AWE0626", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laby-elizabeth-beth-bartleman\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stawell, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "The daughter of Thomas and Gwenelian (n\u00e9e Bartleman) Laby, Beth Laby completed her secondary schooling at Korowa Anglican Girls' School. She graduated with a Diploma of Foods and Cookery, Institutional Management, from the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy before becoming a demonstrator with the Metropolitan Gas Company.\nIn 1942 Laby was appointed to the cookery department at Emily McPherson College and part of her college war work included teaching members of the Australian Women's Army Service, the Women's Royal Australian Navy Service and army hospital cooks. She demonstrated to civilian women the use of diverse foodstuffs during a time of food rationing and uncertain supply, as well travelling to country towns to show women how to make ovens from oil drums in case the war moved south from Darwin.\nLaby became acting head of the Emily McPherson College cookery department following the resignation of Miss Jose and later taught at Prahran Technical College. In her retirement she was a delegate to the National Council of Women of Victoria (NCWV) for the Home Economics Association of Victoria. From 1992 to 1997 she was an associate of the NCWV and continued to contribute to council fund-raising activities and assist the home economics advisers well into the 1990s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-beth-bartleman-laby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-emily-mac-the-story-of-the-emily-mcpherson-college-1906-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1904-1960-microform\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gu\u00e9rin, Julia Margaret (Bella)", "Entry ID": "AWE0655", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guerin-julia-margaret-bella\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Norwood, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Political activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Bella Gu\u00e9rin became the first woman to graduate from an Australian university when she was awarded her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne (number 255) in December 1883. She taught first at Loreto Convent, Ballarat then as lady principal of Ballarat School of Mines university classes, resigning upon marriage to Henry Halloran. A civil servant and poet, Halloran married Gu\u00e9rin on 28 June 1891 aged 80. Following his death Gu\u00e9rin married George D'Arcie Lavender.\nBella Gu\u00e9rin was politically active and a member of the suffrage movement. She became vice-president of the Women's Political Association in 1912, and later joined the Labor Party.\n", "Events": "Appointed vice-president of the Labor Party's Women's Central Organizing Committee (1918 - 1918) \nAwarded a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne (number 255) (1883 - ) \nCo-authored Vida Goldstein's Senate election pamphlet (1913 - 1913) \nLed the Labor Women's Anti-Conscription Fellowship campaign during the referendum (1916 - 1916) \nMarried 80 year old Henry Halloran (died 19 May 1893) at St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne, she bore him a son, Henry Marco. (1891 - ) \nMarried George D'Arcie Lavender, 30 years her junior (1909 - 1909) \nOffice-bearer with the Bendigo Women's Franchise League (1898 - 1903) \nPassed the University of Melbourne Matriculation Examination, passing in Latin, English, French, Arithmetic, Algebra, Euclid and History (1878 - ) \nTeacher at schools in Camperdown, South Yarra, St Kilda, Parkville and Brunswick (1904 - 1917) \nVice-president of the Women's Political Association (1912 - 1914)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bella-guerin-m-a-first-lady-graduate\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bella-lavender\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guerin-julia-margaret-1858-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guerin-bella\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bui, Elizabeth Nghia", "Entry ID": "AWE0679", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bui-elizabeth-nghia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Vietnam", "Occupations": "Migrant community advocate, Social worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Elizabeth Nghia Bui was born in North Vietnam. Her family fled to South Vietnam in 1954 and settled in Saigon. Elizabeth entered the order of the Lovers of the Holy Cross and trained first as a teacher and then as a social worker. In 1975, at the time of the fall of Saigon, she was in charge of an orphanage which came under Communist control. Elizabeth escaped on board a fishing boat with 31 others in June 1976. After two weeks they were rescued and taken to Japan. From there Elizabeth decided to come to Australia. She was sponsored by the Sisters of Mercy and arrived in Adelaide in September 1976. Elizabeth helped to form the Indochinese Australian Women's Association and for several years worked in a voluntary capacity to provide welfare services while the Association battled for funds.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-sister-elizabeth-nghia-sound-recording-interviewer-helen-chryssides\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Berton, Marina Elizabeth Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE0701", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berton-marina-elizabeth-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Marina Berton was born at Mildura, Victoria in 1948 to Italian-born parents who had emigrated in 1937. Berton moved to Adelaide to attend Wattle Park Teachers College in 1965. Early in her teaching career she became involved in English language adult education for migrants, and more recently in developing Italian language education for second generation Italo-Australians. Throughout, Berton has been much involved with the Italian Federation of Emigrant Workers and their Families (FILEF), including six years as its President.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-marina-berton-sound-recording-interviewer-helen-chryssides\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bennett, Mary Montgomerie (Montgomery)", "Entry ID": "AWE0808", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennett-mary-montgomerie-montgomery\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Mary Montgomerie Bennett spent her childhood in Queensland, returning to London from 1903 to 1908 to study, and again in 1914 to marry. When her husband died in 1927 she returned to Western Australia to pursue her interest in Aboriginal education. She worked at the Mount Margaret Mission from 1932, dramatically improving educational outcomes through the implementation of progressive teaching methods. Over the next three decades Bennett was a passionate advocate for Aboriginal rights employing her connections with international humanitarian groups and women's organisations to support her campaigns to improve the lives of Aborigines, in particular Aboriginal women.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bennett-mary-montgomerie-1881-1961\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/teaching-the-aborigines-data-from-mount-margaret-mission-w-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-aboriginal-mother-in-western-australia-in-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-aboriginal-as-a-human-being\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/human-rights-for-australian-aborigines-how-can-they-learn-without-a-teacher\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hunt-and-die-the-prospect-for-the-aborigines-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-montgomerie-bennett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ideas-have-wings-white-women-challenge-aboriginal-policy-1920-1937\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-circles-fragmenting-indigenous-families-1800-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-drop-in-a-bucket-the-mount-margaret-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-devanny-romantic-revolutionary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-andrews-interviewed-by-peter-read-in-the-peter-read-collection-of-interviews-conducted-for-his-book-entitled-charles-perkins-a-biography-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-19-1999-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-mt-margaret-aboriginal-mission-1921-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-montgomerie-bennett-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/allegations-by-mrs-m-bennett-in-regard-to-native-slavery-inadequate-reserves-and-traffic-in-native-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-devanny-archive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leeper-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "March, Jessie Katherine", "Entry ID": "AWE0825", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/march-jessie-katherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Point Pass, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Born at Point Pass in 1901, Jessie March was educated at Adelaide High School and Teachers Training College. She joined the New Britain Methodist Mission in 1925, becoming principal of Vunairima Girls School in 1939. In 1940 she was a governess at Brachina Station in the Flinders Ranges. She was also a Croker Island Methodist Mission teacher in 1941 before being evacuated in 1942. After the war she taught in state government schools before returning to New Britain in 1967. She moved to Papua New Guinea's eastern highlands in 1971 to translate bibles. Her life and work have been commemorated by the Jessie March Library at George Brown High School, New Britain.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-march-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dolling, Alison Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0828", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dolling-alison-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Peters, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "The daughter of Edward and Amy (n\u00e9e Thiselton) Dolling, Alison Dolling was born in St Peters and grew up in Tranmere, South Australia. She was educated at Ellerslie College, Tranmere, and Methodist Ladies College, Wayville, before studying at the universities of Adelaide, Washington, Seattle, Berkeley and King's College, London. Returning to Australia she taught in both South Australia and New South Wales, including ex-servicemen after World War II. Dolling joined the Chronicle newspaper as the editor of the Women's Pages and was unemployed after the Chronicle closed down. Her publications include Chronicle cameos and a district history of Marion. She completed research on John Harvey and the Spoehr family, as well as being involved with family history and German ancestry. She also worked on the book South Australian Women Artists by Shirley Cameron Wilson. Dolling's special interests included Australian history, especially early architecture, literature and art.\n", "Events": "Awarded an Australia Council grant from the Literature Board (1976 - 1976) \nEditor of Bulletin, the National Council of Women of Australia quarterly (1977 - 1979) \nEditor of Opinion,the journal of the SA English Teachers Association (1962 - 1971) \nMember of the Australian Federation of University Women (1960 - 1960) \nMember of the Australian Society of Authors (1977 - 1977) \nMember of the Historical Society of South Australia (1974 - 1974) \nMember of the Lyceum Club (Adelaide) (1965 - 1965) \nMember of Women in Media (1976 - 1976) \nPart-time lecturer in Australian literature and history of education at the Kindergarten Training College, Adelaide (1958 - 1962) \nSecondary school teacher (1941 - 1965) \nTutor of migrants and Asian students (1950 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chronicle-cameos\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-shadow-into-light-south-australian-women-artists-since-colonisation-shirley-cameron-wilson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greek-women-in-south-australian-society-1923-1993-compiled-by-georgia-xenophou\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/h-o-hannaford-looks-back\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hand-to-the-plough-die-familie-dolling-in-australien-a-social-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-marion-on-the-sturt-the-story-of-a-changing-landscape-and-its-people\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-land-and-sea\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1980-congress-on-genealogy-and-heraldry-april-4-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recollections-of-sydney-holmes-hamilton-1898-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dolling-dorothy-eleanor-ethel-victoria-georgina-barber-1897-1967\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-alison-dolling-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bright, Esther", "Entry ID": "AWE0829", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bright-esther\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Esther Bright worked in the Education Department for 40 years as an infants teacher and finally as Inspector of Schools. She was a long standing member of the Adelaide Lyceum Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-esther-bright-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Angove, Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE0832", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/angove-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Dorothy Angove spent her childhood in Semaphore, South Australia and Perth, Western Australia. She obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Adelaide. Angove taught at St Peters College and Girton Girls' School (Kensington Park, S. A.). She also helped Jewish graduate refugees as well as teaching at the Adelaide Children's Hospital and Dr Barnado's Homes. In 1939 she became President of the Lyceum Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-dorothy-angove-sound-recording-interviewer-eva-mclaren\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dorothy-angove-one-of-the-earliest-women-graduates-of-the-university-of-adelaide-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cook, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0835", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cook-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Jean Cook spent her childhood in Quorn, South Australia. For a time she lived in Perth, Western Australia before returning to South Australia and living in Adelaide. She conducted some of her music studies under Maude Mary Puddy, a teacher of piano. Cook also taught music and was a teacher at Girton Girls' School (Kensington Park, S. A.). A member of the Lyceum club's embroidery circle, she also was involved with the English Embroiderers' Guild. She helped embroider the Coat of Arms for the Law Court in Adelaide.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greater-than-their-knowing-a-glimpse-of-south-australian-women-1836-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jean-cook-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Howard, Patience", "Entry ID": "AWE0841", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/howard-patience\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Patience Howard moved around a lot during her childhood. As a small child, she lived in Central South Australia at Bungaree. She was educated at Miss Dow's boarding school at Glenelg, 1912 at \"The Hermitage\" in Victoria, and from 1914 at Frensham's Girls' school in New South Wales. Later she attended Bedford College in London to study history. During the 1920s she went to an International Students' conference in Prague before returning to Adelaide in 1924. Howard became a teacher at Woodlands and then Girton Girls' School in Adelaide. Here she met Mabel Hardy and together they established the Stawell School at Mt Lofty. In 1928 she married Roy Howard. Following his death she and her children moved to Bungaree and then Kensington Park. A member of the Lyceum Club and the Labor Party she also spent time working with meals on wheels.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-patience-howard-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Frost, Mary Millicent", "Entry ID": "AWE0902", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frost-mary-millicent\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Mary Frost attended Miss Carter's School, East Adelaide School and St Peter's Girls School. She went to Adelaide University to do English. At the outbreak of World War II Frost was in England teaching at a school in South Devon. She returned to Adelaide after the war, returning in a flying boat. Frost became an English teacher at St Peters where she won two Tennyson medals at the school. Later she became head of the English Department. Frost compiled A History of St Peter's Girls' School from 1894-1968, in 1972.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-peters-collegiate-girls-school-1894-1968-a-history-of-the-sisters-school-in-adelaide-during-74-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mary-frost-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "West, Doris", "Entry ID": "AWE0906", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-doris\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Horsham, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Dorrie West went to school in Horsham, Victoria, before moving to Adelaide with her family. She completed a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Adelaide in 1921 and her teacher training. A teacher at Adelaide High School she left her position upon marriage in 1934, as was the custom of the time. During World War II she returned to teaching. She was an active member of both the YWCA and the Australian Federation of University Women. Following the death of her husband she joined the Lyceum Club and was President 1957-59. Her bequest to the University of Adelaide supports postgraduate scholarships for women and concerts at the Elder Conservatorium in Adelaide. Relatives remember Dorrie as being very engaging and encouraging.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-dorothy-west-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mrs-doris-west-nee-hunter-sound-recording-interviewer-pamela-runge\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Retalic, Lucy", "Entry ID": "AWE0911", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/retalic-lucy\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Lucy Retalic was born in 1910. Her mother was in the Red Cross and during WWI Lucy performed in concerts when she was 4 years old. She went to St Peter's Girls' School and joined Heather Gell's Eurythmic classes after school. Miss Gell staged shows at the Tivoli theatre. Retalic became a kindergarten teacher and her first appointment was at the Riverside school. She became Director of the Lavis Kindergarten in Adelaide and then left teaching to work with doctors in Melbourne. In 1937 she went to England to work with ophthalmologists for 15 months. She returned home via Europe and during World War II worked with the RAAF trainee pilots to pass their eye tests. She married in 1948. Retalic was involved in the circles in the Lyceum Club and was leader of the Garden Circle. Retalic did a lot of overseas travel which she enjoyed. Retalic worked with ophthalmologists to provide screening for people in outback Australia to identify eye disease. This was organised through the Lions Club\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-lucy-retalic-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buttrose, Stroma", "Entry ID": "AWE0924", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buttrose-stroma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Myrtle Bank, South Australia", "Occupations": "Geographer, Teacher, Town planner, University tutor", "Summary": "Stroma Buttrose was a pioneering figure for Australian women in architecture. She was the first female Planning Assistant in South Australia, and the first female Commissioner of the Planning Appeal Board. She was the author of numerous architectural publications, most notably City Planning in Australia in 1975.\n", "Details": "Stroma Buttrose went to school at Hopetoun and then Woodlands at Glenelg where her interest in geography and later town planning began. She completed a Diploma in Arts and Education at Adelaide University and at 21 travelled to Europe with her family. After returning to Adelaide she taught Geography while completing a Bachelor of Arts degree majoring in Geography.\nIn April 1957 she was appointed temporary female draftsman's assistant to the government town planner. She organised the Land Use Survey covering Gawler to Willunga and the Development Plan for the Metropolitan Area of Adelaide was published in the Spring of 1963.\n During 1962 Buttrose was one of ten students doing the Master of Town Planning degree at Adelaide University with Professor Rolf Jensen. In February 1973 she was appointed a Commissioner of the Town Planning Appeal Board\/Tribunal, later to become the Environment, Resources and Development Court. She was the first woman to hold that position.\n", "Events": "Attended Woodlands Church of England Girls' Grammar School (1941 - 1947) \nCommissioner of the Planning Appeal Board, South Australia (1973 - 1999) \nCommon law clerk with Thomson, Buttrose, Ross & Lewis, Barristers & Solicitors (1949 - 1949) \nCouncil member at Woodlands CEGGS Inc. (1977 - ) \nCouncil member of the National Trust of Australia (SA) (1967 - 1973) \nCouncil member of the Workers Educational Association of SA Inc. (1980 - ) \nGeography teacher at St Peter's Collegiate School, North Adelaide (1954 - 1956) \nGeography teacher at The Wilderness School, Medindie, South Australia (1956 - ) \nLife Member of the Friends of the State Library of South Australia (1977 - ) \nLife Member of the National Trust of Australia (SA) (1960 - ) \nLife Member of the Royal Zoological Society of SA Inc. (1980 - ) \nLife Member of the RSPCA (1975 - ) \nLife member of the Woodlands Old Scholars Association (1948 - ) \nMember of the Australian Conservation Foundation (1968 - ) \nMember of the Australian Society of Authors (1977 - ) \nMember of the Children's Book Council (1970 - 1970) \nMember of the Commonwealth Counciol of the Fellowship of Australian Writers (1960 - 1962) \nMember of the Graduates Union at the University of Adelaide (1951 - ) \nMember of the National Council of Women (1971 - 1973) \nMember of the Poets Union of SA (1977 - ) \nMember of the Queen Adelaide Club (1969 - ) \nMember of the Royal Australian Planning Institute (1957 - 1973) \nMember of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA) (1955 - ) \nMember of the Zonta Club of Adelaide (1969 - ) \nMember, later a Fellow, of the Fellowship of Australian Writers (1960 - 1972) \nPlanning officer with the State Planning Office, South Australia (1957 - 1973) \nPresident of the Woodlands Old Scholars Association (1954 - 1956) \nPublishers Rigby commissioned her to write a children's reader, City Planning in Australia (1975 - 1975) \nSecretary with the Department of Architecture at the School of Mines, South Australia (1952 - 1954) \nTutor in geography at the University of Adelaide (1955 - 1956) \nTutor in town planning with the South Australian Institute of Technology (SAIT) (1966 - 1969) \nVice-chair of the Young Contingent with the Victoria League (1957 - 1958) \nVice-president of the Fellowship of Australian Writers (SA) (1966 - 1972) \nVice-president of the Society of Women Writers of Australia (SA) (1977 - 1979) \nWinner of the On Dit 21st birthday litarary competition with three poems (1953 - 1953)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/city-planning-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scholar-devoted-to-family-and-law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-stroma-buttrose-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-stroma-buttrose-master-town-planner-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stroma-buttrose-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ozolins, Irina", "Entry ID": "AWE0929", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ozolins-irina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Russia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Irina Ozolins was born in Russia where her parents lived as refugees. Following the death of her father her mother returned to Viesite, Latvia when she was still an infant. Her mother worked as an accountant and they lived with her parents. Later Ozolins went to live with her aunt, in Riga, to go to a private college and then to University where she studied mathematics. The Russians came to the Baltic States and took 2,000,000 people to Siberia including her mother and six relations. Many died including all her male relatives. The Germans came in 1941. She completed her master of science. The Russians returned and she and her friends left by ship for Germany. They were sent to various workplaces. She went to Dresden to work as a scientist in the university. Dresden was bombed and the city was flattened. She and her friend Emily made their way to Emily's aunt in Austria, travelling by train and escaping to the fields when bombers came. A month later all foreigners were ordered out of Austria so she was sent to a Latvian couple. There she met her husband, a lawyer who was retraining as an electrician. They went to the Latvian displaced persons camp and because of her languages she was employed as an interpreter for UNRRA. Her husband's landlady had a son in Port Pirie and he organised a landing permit for them to come to South Australia. They moved to Adelaide and she taught mathematics at Norwood and Unley High Schools. She also enjoyed painting and joined the Royal Society of Arts, was made a fellow and had seven solo exhibitions. She was invited to give a talk at the Lyceum Club and then joined the Art Appreciation and Literature Circles. She also joined the German Circle.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irina-ozolins-sound-recording-interviewer-helen-jones\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/storytelling-by-irina-ozolins-sound-recording-recordist-eva-noske\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-irina-ozolins-sound-recording-interviewer-daniela-kautsky\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rooney, Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE0932", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rooney-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mount Gambier, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Jean Rooney, whose father was a teacher, lived in Mt Gambier, Adelaide and Port Lincoln. Rooney attended Adelaide teachers' Training College and worked in Unley and Nailsworth for four years. She married Cliff Rooney, a high school teacher, in 1935 and had two daughters.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jean-rooney-sound-recording-interviewer-lois-mander-jones\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hodge, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE0933", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hodge-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Margaret Hodge was born in Adelaide in 1918. She subsequently moved to a Western Australian jarrah timber camp where her father was a teacher in a two roomed school. After his death, when she was nine, Hodge and her mother returned to Adelaide to live with relatives. She attended Presbyterian Girls' School (now Seymour College) on a scholarship. Here she was particularly influenced by two of her teachers - in English and current affairs. On leaving school she taught at the Wilderness School.\nMargaret married Scott Hodge in 1940 and had five children, including one who was born with spina bifida. She joined the Lyceum Club in 1971 and served in a number of official capacities over the years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-margaret-hodge-sound-recording-interviewer-lois-mander-jones\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Miller, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE0935", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miller-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yorketown, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare advocate, Labour movement activist, Teacher, Welfare activist", "Summary": "Mary Miller was born in Yorketown, South Australia and spent her childhood on Yorke Peninsula. Her work in munitions factories during World War II led to her involvement as an organiser in the iron workers' union and a life-long commitment to the labour movement. In the mid-1950s she qualified as a primary school teacher and became active in child welfare and Aboriginal education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mary-miller-sound-recording-interviewer-margaret-allen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/address-by-mary-miller-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interviews-concerning-womens-work-and-the-second-world-war-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewer-margaret-allen\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wilkins, Gertrud", "Entry ID": "AWE0941", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilkins-gertrud\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brno-Bruenn", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Gertrud Wilkins was born in Brno-Bruenn, southern Moravia in 1910, which after World War I became part of Czechoslovakia. Her mother had a millinery business and her father was a chartered accountant. She completed a two year teacher training course, followed by course for foreign students in London.\nFollowing her short-lived marriage, at the outbreak of war in 1939, Wilkins was living and teaching at a boarding school in Prague. After the German occupation she escaped into Poland and on to London.\nHer situation came to the attention of the South Australian branches of the Women Graduates Club and the League of Women Voters who sponsored her immigration. She sailed to Australia via New Zealand in 1940. Wilkins tried to get work with the Education Department but was 'knocked back time and time again'. Her sponsors found her a job in a private kindergarten for a year, after which time she remarried and 'suddenly overnight became\u2026worthy to teach Australian children'.\nShe taught for two years at Adelaide High School before moving to the country. In 1971 Wilkins was accepted for Australian Volunteer Abroad teacher service in Papua New Guinea and Thailand in 1980. Fluent in several languages, Wilkins continued to teach English as second language to migrants.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-gertrud-wilkins-sound-recording-interviewer-daniela-kautsky\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gertrud-wilkins-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/typescripts-of-letters-by-gertrud-wilkins\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Atkins, Margaret Edith", "Entry ID": "AWE0947", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/atkins-margaret-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rose Park, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Education reformer, Special needs teacher, Teacher", "Summary": "Margaret Edith Atkins grew up at Kensington Park where she attended kindergarten and small private schools despite the cerebral palsy and received regular physiotherapy and speech pathology. After leaving school she enrolled in a playgroup course at the Kindergarten Training College and commenced voluntary work in kindergartens. She later worked as an equipment maker for the Kindergarten Union and designed and made toys. Atkins decided to return to study social work at university but was initially refused entry to the course at Adelaide University. She completed a Bachelor of Arts with Honours majoring in psychology. Atkins gained a full-time teaching position with the Education Department as a teacher of intellectually handicapped children and was also supervised by the Department's psychologist to allow her to gain membership of the Australian Psychological Society. She was employed at the Woodville Special School where she developed innovative teaching methods and designed equipment. During her career Atkins held positions as Deputy Head at Strathmont Centre for Intellectually Retarded Children, Head of Barton Terrace and Kings Park special schools, and then in 1975 the Ashford Special School. She retired on the grounds of invalidity in 1977 and become a resident at the Julia Farr Centre. Here she was funded by the Centre to undertake research into leisure activities for the residents and was able to travel overseas. After her health improved Atkins felt that she needed to return to a more home-like environment and was able to move to an aged care facility. She then became very active in community activities and events, WEA and University of the Third Age. Margaret Atkins was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for her service to education in special education on 26 January 1982.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-margaret-edith-atkins-oam-sound-recording-interviewer-june-donovan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-margaret-atkins-kindergarten-teacher-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cameron, Bessy", "Entry ID": "AWE0997", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-bessy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nyungar country, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Bessy Cameron was educated at a 'native institution' (later known as Annesfield) at Albany, opened in 1852 by Anne Camfield, a teacher and governess. Bessy took her certificate of Proficiency with honours, and was sent to Sydney to attend a 'model school', where she became an accomplished pianist. In 1866 she returned to Albany to help Mrs Camfield in the school and was employed as church organist. In 1867 Bessy was sent to the Moravian Ramahyuck mission as a teacher. Not being able to marry a European man of her choice, she was transferred to Lake Tyers, were she married Donald Cameron, a Jupagilwournditch man from Ebenezer in 1868. Bessy lost her initiative and enthusiasm, which was reflected in a marked deterioration in her status. Her married years were spent moving from Ramahyuck to Lake Tyers and back, in a struggle to support her four surviving children. Her marriage deteriorated, and in 1887 Bessy fell seriously ill following another miscarriage. The rest of her life was spent battling to prevent the forceful removal of her children and grandchildren.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/efforts-made-by-western-australia-towards-the-betterment-of-her-aborigines\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bessy-cameron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-elizabeth-bessy-1851-1895\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Shane, Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE1068", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oshane-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mossman, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Aboriginal rights activist, Barrister, Caf\u221a\u00a9 owner, Lawyer, Magistrate, Management consultant, Public servant, Teacher, University Chancellor", "Summary": "Patricia O'Shane was born in Northern Queensland in 1941. A noted activist for Indigenous rights, her achievements in the public sphere have been remarkable. She was the first Aboriginal Australian barrister (1976) and the first woman to be appointed to the New South Wales Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board (1979). When she was appointed permanent head of the New South Wales Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs in 1981, she became not only the first Aboriginal person but also the first woman to become a permanent head of ministry in Australia.\n", "Details": "Patricia O'Shane was born in 1941 in the small township of Mossman, North Queensland. She attended State primary and high schools in Cairns, and was awarded a Teacher's Scholarship, which enabled her to study full-time at the Queensland Teachers' Training College, and part-time at the University of Queensland. After graduating from Teachers' College, she taught at primary and high schools respectively before and after her marriage. In 1973, having received an Aboriginal study grant from the Federal Government, she undertook a Bachelor of Laws degree at the University of New South Wales, and completed the course at the end of 1975. In March 1976 she became Australia's first Aboriginal Barrister at a ceremony in the New South Wales Supreme Court. In 1979 she was appointed a Member of the New South Wales Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board - the first female member in the Board's 91-year history. She has worked with the New South Wales Select Committee of the Legislative Assembly on Aborigines, as Coordinator of the Aboriginal Task Force. In November 1981 Pat O'Shane was appointed permanent head of the New South Wales Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs, becoming not only the first Aboriginal person but also the first woman to become permanent head of a ministry in Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-aboriginal-women-pathfinders-their-difficulties-and-their-achievements\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/indigenous-heroes-and-leaders\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-healthy-sense-of-identity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tall-poppies-nine-successful-australian-women-talk-to-susan-mitchell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/splitting-the-world-open-taller-poppies-and-me\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-wailing-a-national-black-oral-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murawina-australian-women-of-high-achievement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dhirrabuu-mari-outstanding-indigenous-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-matriarchs-twelve-australian-women-talk-about-their-lives-to-susan-mitchell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rebel-magistrate-with-a-passion-for-justice\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aborigines-and-the-criminal-justice-system\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australias-first-aboriginal-lawyer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-patricia-oshane-1998-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McCarthy, Wendy Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1117", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mccarthy-wendy-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Orange, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Businesswoman, Campaigner, Company director, Consultant, Educator, Entrepreneur, Femocrat, Public speaker, Teacher", "Summary": "Wendy McCarthy is an experienced businesswoman who has assumed many major leadership roles in both the public and private sectors for nearly forty years. Her first experience as a political lobbyist came about when, newly pregnant, she and her husband joined the Childbirth Education Association (CEA) in Sydney, campaigning for (amongst other things) the rights of fathers to be present at the births of their babies. Since then, she has had three children, and been an active change agent in women's health, education, broadcasting, conservation and heritage and Australian business.\nHer senior executive and non-executive positions have included: CEO - Family Planning Association of Australia (1979-84); Member - National Women's Advisory Council (1978-81); Member - Sydney Symphony Orchestra Council; Director - Australian Multicultural Foundation. She has held executive and non-executive director roles in many of Australia's leading private and public institutions including Executive Director, Australian Federation of Family Planning Associations; Deputy Chair of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) for eight years; General Manager of Marketing and Communications, the Australian Bicentennial Authority; Chair of the National Better Health Program; Executive Director of the National Trust; Director Star City; Chair of the Australian Heritage Commission; and Chair of Symphony Australia. In 2005 she compiled ten years as Chancellor of the University of Canberra.\nIn 2013 she is Chair of Circus Oz, McGrath National Youth Mental Health Foundation and Pacific Friends of the Global Foundation. In 2010 Wendy became a Non-Executive Director to GoodStart Childcare Limited. In 2009 after 13 years of service to Plan International, she retired from her most recent role as Global Vice Chair. She is Patron of the Australian Reproductive Health Alliance.\nWendy's contribution to Australian life has been recognised in various ways. In 1989 she became an Officer of the Order of Australia for her contribution to community affairs, women's affairs and the Bicentennial celebrations and in 1996 she received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of South Australia. In April 2003 she was awarded a Centenary of Federation Medal. She was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in June 2025 for eminent service to children and youth, to health, to the arts, to business, to the community, and to women's leadership.\n", "Details": "Career Highlights\nChancellor - University of Canberra (1996-)\nChair - Plan International Australia (Director since 1996)\nChair - Symphony Australia (2000-)\nChair - McGrath Estate Agents (2000-)\nCEO - Family Planning Association of Australia (1979-84)\nMember - National Women's Advisory Council (1978-81)\nCommissioner - NSW Education Commission (1981-83)\nMember - NSW Higher Education Board (1980-83)\nGeneral Manager - Australian Bicentennial Authority (1985-89)\nDeputy Chair - Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1983-91)\nChair - National Better Health Program (1989-92)\nCEO - National Trust of Australia, NSW (1990-93)\nCEO - Price Brent (commercial legal firm) (1994)\nPresident - Chief Executive Women (1995)\nChair - Royal Hospital for Women Foundation (1995-1997)\nChair - Australian Heritage Commission (1995-98)\nChair - Clean-Up Australia Environment Foundation (1996-98)\nDirector - Star City Pty Ltd (1994-99)\nTrustee - Adelaide Festival Centre Trust 1996 -2000\nMember - Olympic Urban Design Review Panel and Olympic Public Art Committee\nMember - North Limited, Environment, Health and Safety Advisory Committee\nChair - The Look of the City Committee, Sydney City Council\nMember - EPAC Task Force report to Prime Minister on Australia's child\ncare needs to the years 2010\nMember - Independent Panel on Intractable Waste 1991-92\nChair - Advisory Committee WHO Kobe Centre 1999-2002\nMember - Australian Advertising Standards Board\nMember - Sydney Symphony Orchestra Council\nMember - Australian State of the Environment Advisory Committee\nDirector - Australian Multicultural Foundation\nExecutive Director - Corporate Good Works\nExecutive Director - McCarthy Management Pty Ltd\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dont-fence-me-in\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/profile-wendy-mccarthy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wendy-mccarthy-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-women-and-leadership-in-a-century-of-australian-democracy-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sewell, Christina", "Entry ID": "AWE1131", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sewell-christina\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Community worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Christina Brown arrived in Western Australia in 1896. She was one of the first students at Claremont Teachers' College, graduating in 1902, and married Thomas Blake in 1906. After his death, she became Western Australian's first woman sworn valuator, first woman to be a commissioner for declarations, and unsuccessfully stood for parliament as an independent candidate for Leederville-North Perth in 1927. In 1928, she married Augustus Robert Sewell, son of Frederick Sewell. She was an active member of numerous societies, most notably the Travellers Aid Society of which she became national president, and was awarded the Coronation Medal for social work in 1953.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christina-sewell-papers-1902-1969-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beeton, Lucy", "Entry ID": "AWE1161", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beeton-lucy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Badger Island, Bass Strait, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Lucy Beeton spent most of her life on Badger Island, though she was sent to Launceston as a young girl to receive a Christian education. In adult life, the well-loved Beeton provided an education for the children of sealers on Badger Island and entertained visitors there.\n", "Details": "Lucy Beeton, of Pyemmairrener descent, was born on Badger Island, Bass Strait. Her mother was taken from her when Lucy was two, to be returned on petition from her father. While still young, Lucy was sent to Launceston where she stayed with a doctor's family and was given a Christian education. F. R. Nixon, Anglican Bishop of Tasmania, wrote in 1854 that Beeton was the greatest lady it had even been his good fortune to encounter, that she was everyone's friend, and that she 'daily gathers together the children of the sealers, and does her best to impart to them the rudiments both of secular and religious knowledge'. In recognition of her work, she was given a life lease of approximately 40 ha on Badger Island. There in her cottage she entertained all visitors to the island. In 1872 she told Canon Marcus Brownrigg that she longed to give Truganini a home where she might spend her remaining days among the descendants of her own race.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beeton-lucy-1829-1886\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Baylor, Hilda Gracia", "Entry ID": "AWE1187", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baylor-hilda-gracia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Wantirna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Parliamentarian, Teacher, Women's rights activist, Women's rights organiser", "Summary": "In 1979, Gracia Baylor became the first woman member of the Liberal Party to be elected to the Victorian Legislative Council when she was elected as the member for Boronia. That year she was one of the first two women to be elected to the Upper House, the other being Joan Coxsedge of the Australian Labor Party. Baylor held her seat until 1985 when she resigned to contest (unsucessfully) the Legislative Assembly seat of Warrandyte.\n", "Details": "Gracia Baylor, daughter of Herbert David Parry-Okeden, a grazier and businessman and Hilary May Webster, was born in Brisbane, and educated in Victoria and Tasmania as well as Brisbane as a result of her father serving in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War Two.\nAt the National Gallery Art School in Melbourne she completed a Diploma of Fine Arts and subsequently trained as a secondary school teacher. In 1950 she married John du Frocq Freeman. She worked at Mercer House, a training college for teachers in independent schools, from 1951-57 and at Hamilton College from 1957-59. She married again in 1959, to Richard Patrick Baylor, a solicitor, with whom she had four children, three boys and a girl. She became a law clerk in her husband's firm in Healesville\nHer interest in politics was sparked when she recognised the need for a kindergarten in the town of Healesville. She served as a Healesville Shire Councillor from 1966-78 and ultimately became the first woman president of the Shire of Healesville from 1977-78. This also made her the first female Shire president in the state of Victoria. During her time in parliament she assisted in the establishment of the Queen Victoria Women's Centre.\nOver the course of her career, Gracia Baylor initiated the council-approved baby capsule program which all new parents use to safely carry their infants in cars for the first few months. 'Before this program, babies were just placed in the back of the car in a bassinet and if there was an accident, they didn't have a hope,' she said. Baylor was also instrumental in getting mammograms approved for the Medicare register and she saved the only remaining tower of the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital for Women which is now a centre for women's health.\nBaylor was an active member of the National Council of Women at the national and state level, serving as president of the National Council of Women of Victoria from 1990-93 and of the National Council of Women Australia from 1997-2000.\n", "Events": "'Women Shaping the Nation' Centenary of Federation Committee (2000 - 2001) \nCommnwealth Advisory Board for Equal Employment Opportunity for Women (1999 - 2002) \nDr Vera Scantlebury Brown Memorial trust (1990 - 2008) \nIn recognition for her work in Parliament and women's affairs. (1999 - 1999) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2003 - 2003) \nMinisterial Advisory Committee to Minister for Women's Affairs (Victoria) (1999 - 2002) \nVictoria Women's Council (1991 - 1999)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gracia-baylor-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-liberal-party-of-australia-federal-womens-committee-history-and-achievements-1945-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stirrers-with-style-presidents-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-and-its-predecessors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-young-mother-from-healesville-breaks-political-barriers\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ncwa-papers-1984-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-gracia-baylor-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-young-mother-from-healesville-breaks-political-barriers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Saunders, Justine", "Entry ID": "AWE1190", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/saunders-justine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Near Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Teacher", "Summary": "Justine Saunders was a member of the stolen generations of Aboriginal people. She became a professional actor in 1974 and was important to the establishment of Aboriginal theatre groups in the 1980s and 1990s.\n", "Details": "Justine Saunders, of Darumbal descent, was born next to a railway track during floods around Quilpie in Queensland. Her mother Heather was a stockwoman and belonged to the Woppaburra people from the Kanomie clan of Keppel Island. At the age of 11, Justine was taken from her mother and spent five years in a convent school is Brisbane. Here she had her first acting experience in productions of Finian's Rainbow and Annie Get Your Gun. She joined the Aboriginal Black Theatre Art and Culture Centre company in Redfern soon after it was established, her first part being in Bob Merritt's play The Cake Man. Her television debut was in the ABC production of Pig in a Poke.\nSaunders became a professional actor in 1974, although she later complained about stereotypical Aboriginal roles at the time. Her first film appearance was in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (1978), followed by Women of the Sun (1982) and The Fringe Dwellers (1985), the latter being the Aboriginal National Theatre Trust's production of Not the 1988 Party, a revue run as a counter to the official bicentenary celebrations. She also had a part in Lorna Bol's play A Special Place (1989).\nIn addition to acting, Justine helped establish the Black Theatre and the Aboriginal National Theatre Trust, taught drama at the Eora Centre, and participated in the 1987 and 1988 national indigenous playwrights conferences. She was declared the Aboriginal Artist of the Year by NADOC in 1985, and received an Order of Australia Medal for her service to the performing arts and national Aboriginal theatre in 1991. In 2000, though, she asked Aboriginal senator Aden Ridgeway to return her medal after the Federal Government denied the term 'stolen generation'.\nJustine Saunders died in April 2007 at the age of 54 after a series of illnesses. She is survived by her partner, Peter Whittle.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-sun\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-sun-setting-the-record-straight\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Callister, Valerie Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE1196", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/callister-valerie-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Leongatha, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Valerie Callister served as the Member for Morwell in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian State Parliament from 1981-88. A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1976, she was secretary of the Parliamentary party from 1982 and served on the Privileges Committee of the Victorian Parliament from 1982. Before her election to parliament she had a career as a technical school teacher from 1975-81.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chambers, Joan Heywood", "Entry ID": "AWE1197", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chambers-joan-heywood\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ballarat, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Joan Chambers joined the Mortlake branch of the Liberal Party in 1969 and was elected Member of the Legislative Assembly for the seat of Ballarat South in the Victorian Parliament in 1979. She served on the Subordinate Legislation Committee in 1979 and the Public Review Committee, 1980-82. She suffered defeat at the 1982 election, but was an unsuccessful candidate again in the 1988 election. In 1992 she stood as an Independent candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Ballarat West.\n", "Details": "Joan Chambers was the daughter of James McNab Murray, a company manager and Annie Hale Shaw. Educated at Ormond State School, Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School and the University of Melbourne, she qualified as a secondary school teacher in 1951 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and Diploma of Education. Her teaching career included appointments at Kyabram High School in 1952, Hampton High School 1953, Mortlake High School 1968-77 and Ballarat High School 1978-79 and 1982-1990.\nOn 15 November 1953 she married John Alexander Chambers, a soldier settler farmer. They had six children, two daughters and four sons.\nHer community involvement included serving on the Ballarat Regional and Alcohol Dependence Association and the Ballarat Emergency Accommodation Committee. She was a member of the Mathematical Association of Victoria and a Presbyterian-Uniting Church Elder.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thancoupie", "Entry ID": "AWE1200", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thancoupie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Napranum, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Teacher", "Summary": "Thancoupie was born at Napranum in Queensland, on the land traditionally occupied by her ancestors. Her father was killed in war. Thancoupie attended the local school before being sent to Brisbane to train as a preschool teacher. Upon her return to Napranum she established a preschool but was unhappy with the situation and resigned.\nThancoupie began writing down and illustrating (with paintings on bark) stories her grandmother had taught her, and had a number of exhibitions of her work. Her application to study at a Sydney art school was rejected because she lacked formal qualifications, however she came across a pottery school which accepted her as a student. Thancoupie then went to America and Mexico and worked with indigenous potters. This helped her develop her own style, and she has since been creating pots and tile murals at her studio in Cairns where she moved in 1976, after the Comalco mining company refused to allow her a house at Napranum because she had left the community. Thancoupie still visits her hometown on a regular basis.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murawina-australian-women-of-high-achievement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thancoupie-earth-shaper\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/i-keep-my-head-above-my-shoulders-and-i-try-to-keep-him-strong-and-high\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thancoupie-the-potter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artist-kept-her-peoples-culture-and-language-alive\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dixon, Judith Lorraine", "Entry ID": "AWE1205", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dixon-judith-lorraine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Research assistant, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1969, Judith Dixon served as the member for Boronia in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament from 1982-88.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Cecil Bowins, dairy farmer and Constance Chamberlain, Judith Dixon completed her secondary education at University High School and her tertiary education at both Melbourne ( Bachelor of Arts) and Monash ( Diploma of Education) Universities.\nDuring her ten year secondary teaching career, she was a Higher School Certificate examiner in English. Later she worked as a research assistant for the member of the House of Representatives for the electorate of La Trobe.\nHer community interests were reflected in her membership of the following organisations:\nfounding member of the Knox-Sherbrooke Movement Against Uranium Mining; committee member of the Congress for International Co-Operation and Disarmament and People for Nuclear Disarmament; member of the World Peace Council, the Australia-China Friendship Society; on the Management Committee of the Knox Wage Pause Job Creation Program.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hogg, Caroline Jennifer", "Entry ID": "AWE1215", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hogg-caroline-jennifer\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Somerset, England", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1966, Caroline Hogg served as the Member for Melbourne North in the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Victoria from 1982-1999. During that period she held a range of ministerial appointments in Community Services, Education, Ethnic Affairs, Health and finally Ethnic, Municipal and Community Affairs. In Opposition after 1992 she held various Shadow Ministerial positions and was the Australian Labor Party Whip in the Legislative Council before her retirement in 1999.\n", "Details": "Daughter of A. G. F. Kluht a clerk and E. C. Kluht, Caroline Hogg moved to Australia from England with her Australian born mother in 1950. She completed her education in Adelaide at Woodville High School and at Adelaide University, where she gained a Bachelor of Arts. She moved to Melbourne and taught at Fitzroy High School for fifteen years. Her teaching career spanned the years 1963-81.\nShe married Robert ( Bob ) Hogg in 1967 and was divorced in 1996. They had a son and a daughter.\nShe honed her political skills as a Collingwood City Councillor from 1970-79 and as its first woman mayor in 1978. She was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council seat of Melbourne North in 1982 and remained its member for seventeen years.\nHer ministerial portfolios included:\nMinister for Community Services 1985-87; Minister for Education 1987-88; Minister for Ethnic Affairs 1988-89; Minister for Health 1989-91; Minister for Ethnic, Municipal and Community Affairs 1991-92. In addition to her ministerial duties she was Deputy Leader of the Labor Party in the Legislative Council from 1990-96.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2003 - 2003)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hon-caroline-hogg\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ray, Margaret Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1216", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ray-margaret-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Social justice advocate, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party from 1971, Margaret Ray served as the member for Box Hill in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1982 to 1992. She was defeated at the state election, which was held on 3 October 1992.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Edward Leslie Vercoe, a Methodist minister of religion, and Thelma Alice Tickner, Margaret Ray completed her primary school education at Camberwell State School in Victoria. She completed her secondary education at Hamilton High School in Victoria and Devonport High School in Tasmania. She trained as a secondary school teacher in Victoria, gaining a Bachelor of Arts degree ( Honours) and a Diploma of Education from the University of Melbourne. Her teaching appointments included Wangaratta High School 1956-57 and Greythorn High School 1968-81.\nOn 31 August 1957 she married George Wilson Ray also a schoolteacher. They had a son and two daughters.\nShe was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly for the seat of Box Hill in 1982 and retained it until 1992. She was a member of the Standing Orders Committee of the Victorian Parliament, 1982-92.\nHer community activities included: secretary of the Blackburn Lake Primary School Committee 1964-69; women's registrar of the Victorian Amateur Gymnastic Association 1978, 1979; and elder of the Uniting Church in Blackburn.\nShe was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2004.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2004 - 2004)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-of-the-victorian-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyster, Maureen Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1233", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyster-maureen-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "England", "Occupations": "Librarian, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Maureen Lyster served as the Member for Chelsea province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian parliament from 1985-92. She held a range of portfolios as Minister for Local Government from 1989-91, Minister for the Aged, 1989-90, Minister Assisting the Minister for Education 1990-91 and Minister for health 1991-92.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-prepared-by-direction-of-the-president-of-the-legislative-council-and-the-speaker-of-the-legislative-assembly\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Elliott, Lorraine Clare", "Entry ID": "AWE1238", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elliott-lorraine-clare\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Lorraine Elliott served as the member for Mooroolbark in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1992-2002. She held the position of Victorian Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier for the Arts from 1996-99. She stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for the Liberal Party of Australia in the seat of Kilsyth at the 2002 state election, which was held on 30 November 2002.The seat of Mooroolbark was abolished in an electoral redistribution in 2001.\n", "Details": "Daughter of Harry James Golder and Ailsa Lorraine Trengrove, Lorraine Elliott was educated at Camberwell Church of England Girls Grammar School and the Universities of Melbourne and Monash. She completed a Bachelor of Arts and Diploma of Education at the University of Melbourne and a Bachelor of Education at Monash University.\nBefore entering parliament she worked as a teacher from 1965-67 at Blackburn High School and at the Donvale Living and Learning Centre from 1984-87.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2015 - 2015)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Peulich, Inga", "Entry ID": "AWE1242", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peulich-inga\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bosnia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Inga Peulich served as the Member for Bentleigh in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament from 1992-2002. Before her election to the Victorian Parliament she was a Councillor for the City of Moorabbin from 1990-93. She re-established her parliamentary career when she was elected as Member for the new Legislative Council Region of South Eastern Metropolitan at the Victorian state election, which was held on 25 November 2006. She was re-elected in November 2010, when the Liberal Party won government and again in 2014, when the Labor Party regained power.\nShe served as Parliamentary secretary for Education from December 2010 to March 2014 and Cabinet secretary from March to December 2014 in the Liberal government. As a member of the Opposition she is now Shadow Minister for Cultural Affairs and Scrutiny of Government.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davies, Susan Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE1263", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davies-susan-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mirboo North, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Director, Environmentalist, Farmer, Parliamentarian, Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Susan Davies served as the member for Gippsland West as an Independent in the Legislative Assembly in the Victorian Parliament from 1997-2002. She stood for re-election in 2002, but was unsuccessful. She had previously been a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and stood as the ALP candidate for Gippsland West in the 1996 state election, but resigned in January 1997. She rejoined the ALP to contest the federal election in 2004 for the seat of La Trobe, in which she was unsuccessful.\nAlthough no longer involved in parliamentary politics, Susan remains active in the community that she served. In 2006 she was a Director of the Bass Coast Community Foundation, which she established in 2001, and in 2005 she initiated the Wonthaggi Energy Innovation Festival, which is an extension of the Wonthaggi Human Powered Grand Prix (of which she is a Patron and Management Committee Member.)\nSusan Davies was National Manager of HIPPY Australia (HIPPY= Home Interaction Program for Parents and Youngsters), with the Brotherhood of St Laurence. HIPPY is an early childhood enrichment program which works with refugee, migrant, aboriginal and other families helping parents improve their children's \"school readiness\" skills. She left that position in 2008.\nSince that time she has been living full-time and working on her small beef farm in Outtrim (South Gippsland, Victoria), and has continued as a Director on several boards, including West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority (Victorian Government appointment), South Gippsland General Practice Alliance (Independent appointment) and since 2009, as Chair of Energy Innovation Co-operative Ltd. Energy Innovation Co-op works within South Gippsland\/ Bass Coast and Cardinia Shires, to achieve the vision of \"Energy self-reliant and zero carbon emission local communities\".\nShe also belongs to \"Grow Lightly\", a local food-producer's network focusing on sustainable local food production and sale plus Korumburra Landcare group, participating in indigenous re-vegetation projects along local waterways.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-54th-parliament-no-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Luckins, Maree Therese", "Entry ID": "AWE1265", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/luckins-maree-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dandenong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Property manager, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Maree Luckins served as the member for Waverley in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament from 1996-2002. Before her election to the State Parliament in 1996, she was an unsuccessful candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Dandenong North at the election, which was held on 3 October 1992. She unsuccessfully contested the Legislative Assembly seat of Narre Warren in the Victorian state election, which was held on 30 November 2002.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-the-53rd-parliament-no-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Asher, Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE1267", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/asher-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Consultant, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Louise Asher held the Ministerial portfolios of Tourism and Small Business from 1996 to 1999 in the Kennett Government, which was in power in Victoria 1992-99. She served as the Member for Monash Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament from 1992 to 1999 and moved to the Legislative Assembly as the Member for Brighton in 1999 and was re-elected in 2002 and 2006. She held the positions of Shadow Minister for Industry and Employment and Major Projects from January 2004 to December 2006 and was Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party, Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Shadow Minister for Urban Water, Shadow Minister for Small Business, Shadow Minister for Tourism and Major Events from 2006 to 2010. She was re-elected in 2010 and was appointed the Minister for Innovation, Services and Small Business as well as Minister for Tourism and Major Events in the new Liberal Government. In addition she retained the position of Deputy leader of the Liberal Party.\nOn the defeat of the Liberal Government in November 2014, and Asher's re-election, she resigned as deputy leader of the Liberal Party.\nLouise Asher was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2022 for significant service to the people and Parliament of Victoria.\n", "Details": "1999-2002\u00a0 Deputy Leader of the Opposition\n1999-2001\u00a0 Shadow Treasurer\n2000-01. Shadow Minister for Finance\n2001-02. Shadow Minister for Industry and Employment, Major Projects and Tourism\nDec 2002-Jan 2004\u00a0 Shadow Minister for Manufacturing and Exports\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-an-historical-inquiry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-liberal-party-and-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martha-glendinning-a-womans-life-on-the-goldfields\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carbines, Elaine Cafferty", "Entry ID": "AWE1291", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carbines-elaine-cafferty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Manchester, England", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party since 1975, Elaine Carbines stood unsuccessfully in the Legislative Assembly seat of Bellarine at the Victorian state election, which was held on 30 March 1996. She was successful at her second attempt. She was elected as the Member for Geelong Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament in 1999. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary, Education and Training from March-December 2002, and was Parliamentary Secretary, Environment, from December 2002. She was an unsuccessful candidate at the November 2006 Victorian state election when the Legislative Council was re-organised into regions rather than provinces. She stood in the Western Victoria Region.\n", "Events": "For significant service to conservation and the environment. (2020 - 2020)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elaine-carbines-mlc-member-for-geelong-province\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shardey, Helen Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE1292", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shardey-helen-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Helen Shardey was elected as the Member for Caulfield in the Legislative Assembly of the Victorian Parliament in 1996. She was re-elected in 1999, 2002 and 2006. In 2002 she was appointed Shadow Minister for Community Services, and in 2005 became Shadow Minister for Health.\nBefore her election to the State Parliament, Helen Shardey was an unsuccessful candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of Box Hill at the Victorian state election, which was held on 1 October 1988.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Romanes, Glenyys Dorothy", "Entry ID": "AWE1304", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/romanes-glenyys-dorothy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Glenyys Romanes was elected as the Member for Melbourne Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament in September 1999 and was re-elected in November 2002. She stood unsuccessfully for the Legislative Council Region of Eastern Victoria at the 2006 election, which was held on 25 November. Before entering Parliament she served as Councillor on the Brunswick City Council, 1991-94, as Mayor 1993-94, and as Councillor, Moreland City Council 1996-99.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beard, Dympna Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1306", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beard-dympna-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Colac, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Dympna Beard was elected as the Member for Kilsyth in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002.She was defeated at the 2006 election, which was held on 25 November.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buckingham, Helen Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1307", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buckingham-helen-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Helen Buckingham was elected as the Member for Koonung Province in the Legislative Council of the Victorian Parliament in 2002. Before her election to parliament, she served on the Nunawading Council from 1997-2003, and as mayor from 1998-99. She retired from parliament in November 2006.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eckstein, Anne Lore", "Entry ID": "AWE1308", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eckstein-anne-lore\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ferntree Gully, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Anne Eckstein was elected as the Member for Ferntree Gully in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in 2002. She was defeated at the 2006 election, which was held on 25 November.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-no-8-the-55th-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-parliamentary-handbook-electronic-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/language-and-cognitive-skills-microform-transfer-of-science-concepts-from-l2-to-l1-in-a-german-english-bilingual-program\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ashmore-Smith, Suzanne Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE1335", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ashmore-smith-suzanne-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Political candidate, Taxation officer, Teacher", "Summary": "Suzanne Ashmore-Smith was a once-only candidate (ALP for Bligh in 1978), who later had a varied and successful career.\n", "Details": "Suzanne Ashmore-Smith was educated at Santa Sabina College, Strathfield, and the University of Sydney, where she graduated in Arts (BA) and obtained her teacher's certificate. She later completed a law degree at the University of New South Wales (LLB).\nShe taught in schools in Papua New Guinea and Thailand and was a part-time tutor in politics at the UNSW for three years. In 1978 she became Assistant Research Officer with the Australian Taxation Office, later rising to become Assistant Commissioner.\nSuzanne Ashmore-Smith joined the ALP c.1960. After returning to Australia from a long residence overseas, she rejoined the party and was elected a delegate to various party councils and to the Labor Women's Conference.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Battersby, Elaine", "Entry ID": "AWE1356", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/battersby-elaine\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Elaine Battersby was a member of the Christian Democrat Party who ran as a candidate for Newcastle in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 2003.\n", "Details": "Elaine Battersby taught ceramics and jewellery for many years in the Newcastle area. Her campaign was based on a wish to see Christian ideals in government, and the family unit as the centre of all policies.\nShe is married.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bishop, Elizabeth Anne Rosemary", "Entry ID": "AWE1369", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bishop-elizabeth-anne-rosemary\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "A once-only candidate, Elizabeth Anne R. Bishop stood as an ALP candidate in the 1978 Lane Cove elections.\n", "Details": "Elizabeth Bishop trained as a teacher, and later became an industrial advocate and research officer. She stressed her interest in the environment in her campaign leaflet. She has one son.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Boundy, Olive", "Entry ID": "AWE1376", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/boundy-olive\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Parkes, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Nurse, Teacher", "Summary": "Olive Boundy is an activist in local government and politics. She is a member of the ALP and was a candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (Clarence seat) in 1991. She later was elected to the Ulmarra Shire Council from 1987 and later served on the Pristine Waters Council until 2004.\n", "Details": "Olive Boundy trained as a nurse and later lectured at TAFE on women's issues and local government. She has been active in community organisations, including the Surf Life Saving movement and remedial reading programs. She has also taken on the roll of an arbitrator in the Local Environmental Court.\nShe has one son.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/community-loses-one-of-its-champions\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chinnock, Wilma", "Entry ID": "AWE1399", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chinnock-wilma\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Wilma Chinnock is a well known local activist who represented the ALP in the 2003 New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Bega.\n", "Details": "Wilma Chinnock graduated from the University of New South Wales, winning prizes in Pure and Applied Mathematics. She taught at Bega High School for 11 years and at the time of her campaign, she was Head of Mathematics at the Bega Valley Christian College.\nWilma has been actively involved with local issues, such as the Pambula Bridge, the redevelopment of Bega High School, a permanent site for the Runnyford Bush Fire Brigade and the establishment of nursing courses at the Bega Access Centre.\nWilma and her husband Greg have four adult children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Christian, Millicent Lilian", "Entry ID": "AWE1400", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christian-millicent-lilian\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Johannesburg, South Africa", "Death Place": "St Ives, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Millicent Christian was a once-only candidate who was a lifetime activist for equality, peace and freedom. She ran for the Raleigh seat in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1947 as an Independent Labor candidate.\n", "Details": "Millicent Christian was the daughter of Charles and Letty Luckett. Her family moved from South Africa to England and then to New South Wales. She was educated at St Michael's Sisterhood, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Warral Provisional School and Tamworth High School, New South Wales, Australia. She won a University Scholarship to enable her to study medicine at Sydney University in 1922, but the scholarship required her father's permission and he refused it.\nMillicent left home, and attended Sydney University, living at Women's College on the Ann Hargrave Scholarship 1923-25. She graduated BA 1926, Dip Ed 1927.\nShe taught at Burwood Boys' School, and West Kempsey and Young High Schools 1927-28. In 1929 she married a farmer, Cecil Aubrey Christian, and they had three daughters. After he died she brought up her daughters alone.\nShe taught at Wenona School, North Sydney, and Presbyterian Ladies' College, Pymble.\nShe joined the United Associations of Women in 1945 and later became Vice President of the United Association of Women and the Honorary Secretary to the Conference of the Australian Women's Charter. She was instrumental in establishing the United Associations of Women Award for a female undergraduate in the school of history at the University of New South Wales in 1982, and in 1983 the UAW Prize for a female engineering student at the University of Technology, Sydney.\nShe was an active member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom from 1964. Millicent was also a member of the ALP for over 40 years, a delegate to many State conferences and held branch and electorate council office. She was a member of the North Sydney Business and Professional Women's Club.\nIn 1978 the Ku-Ring-Gai Council awarded her a Distinguished Citizen Award in recognition of her work in the local area, where she was president of the Ku-Ring-Gai Historical Society from 1976-79. She was an inveterate writer of letters to the Editor, and a passionate bridge player, playing on the day before her death despite her serious illness. When asked who influenced her to become a feminist, Millicent Christian replied \"A domineering, male chauvinist father\".\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-register-the-womens-college-within-the-university-of-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Conlon, Patricia Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1405", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conlon-patricia-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Neutral Bay, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Teacher", "Summary": "Anne Conlon was an outstanding activist and scholar whose career was cut short by her untimely death. She was an ALP candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Mosman by election in 1972.\n", "Details": "Anne Conlon was the daughter of John and Patricia Carden. She was educated at St. Joseph's Convent Neutral Bay, and Monte Sant'Angelo College North Sydney where she was dux in 1956. She won a Teachers' College Scholarship to the University of Sydney, living at Sancta Sophia College. She graduated BA in 1961 and MA 1973. She taught at public high schools from 1961 until 1968, but spent 1964-65 on a postgraduate scholarship at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada.\nIn 1967 she married Telford Conlon, with whom she had two children. In 1968 she became research assistant to Professor John M Ward, at the University of Sydney. She was a founding member of the NSW Women's Electoral Lobby, and in 1973 was a convenor for its first national conference in Canberra. For WEL, she wrote a submission to the Henderson Commission into Poverty, and with Edna Ryan, to the National Wage Case of 1974. This was later expanded into Gentle Invaders: Australian Women at Work, published in 1975. She was one of the few women in WEL who belonged to the ALP, and was an active member of the Mosman branch. She contested the 1972 Mosman by election as a Labor candidate.\nIn 1976 she was appointed a lecturer at the Trade Union Training Authority, and in 1977 she became a founding member of the NSW Women's Advisory Council. From 1978, she worked as a public servant on women's issues, including amendments to the NSW Anti-Discrimination Act of 1977. The NSW Women's Advisory Council holds an annual lecture in memory of Anne Conlon.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conlon-patricia-anne-1939-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Coppolaro, Mari", "Entry ID": "AWE1408", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coppolaro-mari\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Mari Coppolaro was a once only candidate who stood for election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (for East Hills) as an Earthsave Australia Party member in 1999.\n", "Details": "Mari Coppolaro lived in Padstow at the time of her campaign for East Hills. She had long been interested in natural therapies and professed a firm belief in the need to eat well, live frugally, improve education and use alternative health care. She also stressed her belief in the family as the core of society. Mari worked as a Business Studies teacher.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dakin, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE1412", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dakin-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Consultant, Teacher", "Summary": "Sue Dakin is a social and political activist, and successful local government councillor.\n", "Details": "Sue completed a BBM at UTS and worked as a TAFE teacher and in the hospitality industry before setting up her own business as a business consultant. By 2003 she was the business manager of a local legal practice and was actively involved as a volunteer court support worker for domestic violence victims. Sue is the chairperson of several Council Committees and is married with two sons.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Douglas, Claire", "Entry ID": "AWE1424", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/douglas-claire\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Dietician, Teacher", "Summary": "Claire Douglas was a well known local candidate who nearly won the safe Liberal seat of Albury. She ran as an Independent candidate there for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1999 and 2003. Claire was successfully elected to the Albury City Council from 1999-2004.\n", "Details": "Claire Douglas is a long time resident of Albury. She was educated at the universities of Monash, Sydney and Melbourne and has tertiary qualifications in Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Dietetics, Sports Nutrition and Education.\nShe has been continually active in local affairs. She has chaired, convened or been an active member many organizations, including Save our City, Wonga Wetlands, Mirambeena Community Centre Management Committee, Albury Regional Arts Board and Regional Art Gallery, West Albury Community Garden and East Albury landcare Group. She was active on the school committees of the schools her children attended.\nShe was elected to the Albury City Council in 1999 and was Deputy Mayor in 2003. She narrowly lost the 1999 election, only 621 votes behind the Liberal who was elected. She ran a strong campaign against the plan for a freeway through Albury but in 2003, with more candidates running, and a campaign against her suggesting that she was a one issue candidate, she was beaten more easily.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Field, Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1440", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/field-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Anne Field was a once only candidate for Parliament (Independent candidate, New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Kogarah, 1988) and a successful local government councillor. She was elected to the Kogarah Municipal Council in 1999 and 2004.\n", "Details": "Anne Field has been a State high school teacher of Economics and Geography since 1975 and has continued to study herself. In 1988 she was studied accounting at the St George College of TAFE and later went on to complete a BA, Dip Ed and Dip Urban Studies. She was Treasurer of St George Hospital and Deputy Principal of the Saturday School of Community Languages at St George Girls' High, a member of the Kogarah Historical Society, and a member of the Kogarah Bicentennial Committee and the International Youth Year committee.\nShe was elected to Kogarah Council in 1999 and re-elected in 2004. As a councillor she has been committed to the maintenance of the Council's Heritage List and has been a delegate to the Southern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils Heritage Forum since its inception in 1997.\nShe is an active member of the Councils Estuary Floodplain Management working party, Access working party, Community Safety Working party and the Urban Planning working party. She has been President of the Management Committee of Kogarah Community Services since 2000.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Garrett, Anna", "Entry ID": "AWE1451", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garrett-anna\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Anna Garrett is a teacher, passionate about the importance of education. An Australian Democrats candidate she stood for election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Strathfield in 1999 and 2003, and to the House of Representatives for Lowe in 2001.\n", "Details": "Anna Garrett joined the Australian Democrats in 1998, motivated by her strong feelings for the education system and her commitment to .social justice. She became the state secretary of the Young Democrats and adviser on youth policy.\nIn 2003 Anna Garret was teaching history at an Inner West High School. All her campaigns stressed the importance of education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gaul, Carol Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1452", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gaul-carol-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Director, Teacher", "Summary": "Carol Gaul has been a Councillor in the Blue Mountains City Council since 1991 and was appointed Deputy Mayor from 1991 to 1992. In 1995 she ran as an Independent candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Blue Mountains and was an Australian Greens candidate in the House of Representatives for Macquarie at 1996.\n", "Details": "Carol Gaul was well known as a councillor on Blue Mountains City Council, and was Deputy mayor 1991-92. She consistently espoused environmental issues, while on Council, and joined the Greens to run for Macquarie in 1996. She was an active member of the Mid Mountains Historical Society and by 2002 was Convenor of the Blue Mountains Greens.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliament-and-local-government-an-updated-history-1975-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ghabbar, Sanaa", "Entry ID": "AWE1454", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ghabbar-sanaa\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "A belief that education can transform lives is central to Sanaa Ghabbar's philosophy. She ran as an Australian Greens Party candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Bankstown in 2003.\n", "Details": "Sanaa originally trained to teach English, but then did a degree in Mathematics and English as a second language (BA, B Teach). She has lived in the electorate for 11 years at the time of her campaign.\nShe has been active in the area of human rights and freedom from discrimination and she spoke against the war in Iraq.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Birch, Jenni", "Entry ID": "AWE1482", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/birch-jenni\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hamilton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Jennie Birch was a once only candidate for election and is well known in the developing olive oil industry in Australia. She represented the Australian Democrats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Barwon in 1991. She failed to be elected.\n", "Details": "Jenni Birch was born in Victoria in 1945 and graduated BA, Dip Ed From Melbourne University, majoring in politics. She taught for the Victorian Department of Education for two years. After she moved to New South Wales she worked as a Community Liaison officer for the New South Wales Department of Education, and more recently, has been a part-time teacher of literacy and numeracy at the Moree College of TAFE.\nShe is married to Peter Birch and they have two children. In 1983 the Birches settled out of Moree in north-western New South Wales and in partnership with Will and Margi Kirkby, established Gwydir Grove Olive Oil. Peter held a Churchill Fellowship in 2002. And Jenni accompanied him on his study of olive growing and processing. By 2005 they had established the largest table olive processing plant in Australia.\nGwydir Grove Olives has participated in the Anuga International Food Fair in Cologne, Germany and been part of the NSW Exhibition at the Fancy Food Show in San Francisco in January 2005, and is expected to exhibit in Seoul, South Korea in October-November 2005.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Bronwyn", "Entry ID": "AWE1496", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-bronwyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Bronwyn Brown is a committed environmentalist who ran for the Australian Greens in the 1999 elections to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Willoughby.\n", "Details": "Bronwyn Brown had been involved in previous campaigns to preserve the amenity of the Willoughby area, before she stood for election. She was active in the successful opposition to a large-scale marina proposed for Sailors Bay and in her campaign, stated that the Greens would work for the codification of public interest rights in planning laws. She has graduated with a MA.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dombkins, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE1538", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dombkins-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Management consultant, Teacher", "Summary": "Margaret Dombkins is a community activist and an outstanding scholar. She ran for election as a Liberal Party candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Kogarah in 1995 and then as an Independent in the Kogarah Municipal Council elections of 1999.\n", "Details": "Margaret Dombkins completed a B.Ed., Grad. Dip Commerce\/Management and a M.A at Charles Sturt University. She started her professional life teaching primary school students in the NSW Department of Education. When her youngest child went to school, she returned to study and achieved outstanding results. She won an Australian Post Graduate Research Scholarship to complete her doctorate, for which her thesis was \"The Relationship of Strategy to Newspaper Organisation Success\" in the Graduate School of Journalism and Creative Writing, University of Wollongong.\nMargaret Dombkins was encouraged by her family to respond to the Liberal Party recruitment and training scheme in 1994 and subsequently ran a very successful campaign in 1995, taking the sitting member to preferences and achieving a 1.5% swing to the Liberals, the only positive swing in an election which saw the Liberal government defeated.\nAlthough she had run as the Liberal Party candidate for Kogarah in 1995, Margaret Dombkins was so opposed to high rise developments in the electorate, that in 1999, she issued a personal letter urging electors to vote for the ALP candidate, Cherie Burton, who was successful after the distribution of preferences. In 1999 also, she ran for election to the Kogarah Municipal Council, being narrowly defeated.\nMargaret Dombkins subsequently changed her political allegiance and joined the ALP. In 2005 she is the Chair of the ALP Arts, Cultural Heritage and Community Development Policy Committee.\nShe is married to David Dombkins, the President of the Institute of Project Management in 2005, and they have three children, all completing their university studies.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dwyer, Catherine Winifred (Kate)", "Entry ID": "AWE1542", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dwyer-catherine-winifred-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tambaroora, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "DarlinghurstDarlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Catherine Winifred (Kate) Dwyer was one of the most prominent women in New South Wales in the early twentieth century. An avid Labor activist, Dwyer stood for election for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Balmain in 1925.\n", "Details": "Catherine (Kate) Dwyer was born on 13 June 1861 at Tambaroora, New South Wales, the second daughter of Joseph and Ann Golding. She was educated at Hill End Public School and became a pupil teacher in 1880, holding positions in country schools until 1887.\nShe married another teacher, Michael Dwyer, and in 1894 they moved to Sydney, where she became prominent in the Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales and campaigned for the vote for women. She co-founded the Women's Progressive Association in 1901 and, with her sisters Annie and Belle Golding, worked for the rights of women in all spheres. She was a fine public speaker and a prolific writer on questions of interest to women. She was the first president of the Women's Organising Committee of the Political Labor League from 1904, and a member of the State Labor Executive in1905.\nKate Dwyer worked tirelessly to improve the working and living conditions for women and for a minimum female wage. In 1911 she assisted A. B. Piddington on the royal commission into female and juvenile labour and from 1911-13 she sat on the royal commission of enquiry into food supplies. She represented the Women Workers Union (which she had helped to form) on Wages Boards and in the 1920s she was on conciliation committees. She opposed conscription in 1916 and 1917.\nKate Dwyer was a fellow of the Senate of the University of Sydney from 1916 to 1924, and from 1910 was a member, later vice president of the Benevolent Society of New South Wales. In 1921 she was one of the first women to be appointed a justice of the peace. She was on the boards of two hospitals for women and children, and a trustee of the King George V and Queen Mary Jubilee Fund for Maternal and Infant Welfare. She was a life long member of the Labor Party.\nKate and Michael Dwyer had three sons and two daughters.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dwyer-catherine-winifred-kate-1861-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/suffrage-group-1902\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Featherstone, Julia Lesley", "Entry ID": "AWE1549", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/featherstone-julia-lesley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Grafton, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Media artist, Photographer, Surfer, Teacher", "Summary": "Julia Featherstone is a multitalented woman, whose two election campaigns were part of a life filled with activity and creativity. She was an Australia Party candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Bligh in 1973 and to the House of Representatives for Wentworth in 1974.\n", "Details": "Julia Featherstone was born in Grafton and educated at Coffs Harbour High School, and at the University of Sydney (BA. Dip Ed), where she lived at the Women's College, the University of Adelaide (M Urban and Regional Planning) and at UTS (Grad Dip Communications).\nHer first job was as a secondary school teacher, originally teaching Economics and Geography and later teaching TV production to talented children at Sydney Girls High School. Then, she worked as a video producer\/director for the NSW Correspondence School Media Department making educational videos (1984-1991). From 1979 to 1981 she was a staff photographer at the Sydney Morning Herald, the only woman employed as a photographer at the time. She contributed all the photographs to Don Dunstan's Australia (Rigby,1977-78), a book written by the former Premier of South Australia. Julia Featherstone has contributed to many group photographic exhibitions and had one solo exhibition. She was a finalist in the Olive Cotton Award for Photographic Portraiture in 2005 and 2007, and second in the University of New South Wales Film awards in 2007 for her film Fanny Burney.\nShe was second in the first Australian Women's Surfboard Riding title held at Bondi in 1963.\nShe married Alasdair Macfarlane in 1987 and they have two children, a boy and a girl.\nJulia Featherstone returned to full time study and completed a Master of Fine Arts degree (University of New South Wales, Art & Design) in 2014. Her research topic was 'Beneath Horizons: Australian Desert Landscape'. She has participated in many group exhibitions and two solo exhibitions.\n", "Events": "Beneath Horizons: Australian Desert Landscape, MFA exam exhibition, Kudos Gallery, Paddington, Sydney (2014 - 2014) \nUrban Shadows, Adelaide Resource Centre, South Australia (1977 - 1977)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Forsythe, Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE1555", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forsythe-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Patricia Forsythe was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1991 until 2006. A member of the Liberal Party, she first ran for parliament in 1984 in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Newcastle. She didn't run again until 1991 and was elected to the Legislative Council of New South Wales. She was re-elected in 1999. She resigned from parliament on 22 September 2006 to take up the position of Executive Director of the New South Wales Business Chamber.\n", "Details": "Patricia Forsythe was born in Newcastle in 1952, the daughter of jack and Peg Wingrove. She was educated at the Hunter Girls High School and the University of Newcastle, from which she graduated with BA, DipEd She taught in secondary schools from 1974 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1986. She worked as Executive officer for the Australian Soft Drink Association 1987-1988 and for the minister for Local Government and Planning 1988-1991.\nShe was elected to the Legislative Council of New South Wales in 1991 and again in 1999.\nPatricia Forsythe joined the Liberal Party as a schoolgirl in 1968, and held many positions in the organization.\nShe is married to David Forsythe and they have two children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/contemporary-australian-women-1996-97\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Galley, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE1559", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/galley-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Sue Galley is a once only candidate for election: an Australians Against Further Immigration candidate in the 2003 elections to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Albury.\n", "Details": "Sue Galley was a retired school teacher living in Panania, a southern suburb of Sydney, when she stood for the seat of Albury on behalf of the AAFI party. She is one of many women who have run for election in a token fashion, to boost the vote of the party to which they were attached.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gibson, Di", "Entry ID": "AWE1566", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gibson-di\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Di Gibson ran only once for election to the parliament of New South Wales: in 2003 as an Independent for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Wallsend.\n", "Details": "Di Gibson, who lived at Maryville, when she stood for the seat of Wallsend in 2003, said that she was contesting the election to give people a choice. She believed that they had been taken for granted and deserved better representation, particularly in the areas of public education, public health, public transport and public safety. She outpolled both the Australian Democrat and the Christian Democrat candidates. Di worked as a teacher for students with disabilities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Graham, Anne Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE1580", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/graham-anne-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Anne Catherine Graham was an Australian Democrats candidate at the following elections:\nNew South Wales Legislative Assembly for Castlereagh in 1984.\nHouse of Representatives for Gwydir in 1996.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jacobs, Rachael", "Entry ID": "AWE1613", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jacobs-rachael\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Papua New Guinea", "Occupations": "Academic, Activist, Teacher", "Summary": "An active member of the Australian Democrats, Rachael Jacobs was a candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Epping in 1999 and for the Australian Capital Territory Senate in 2004. Jacobs ran for Federal Parliament in 2022 as the Greens candidate for the seat of Grayndler.\n", "Details": "Rachael Jacobs was born in Papua New Guinea, and bred in the Eastwood area and educated at local public schools. She was trained as a teacher and taught at many schools in the area, including Cheltenham Girls' High School and James Ruse Agricultural High School. She described herself as a passionate environmentalist.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jobling, Doris May", "Entry ID": "AWE1617", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jobling-doris-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher, Union organiser", "Summary": "Doris Jobling was a radical union organiser, who spent many decades on the front line of political campaigns, particularly in the area of education. She was a Communist Party of Australia candidate in the 1971 King elections for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.\n", "Details": "Doris Jobling joined the Communist Party of Australia in 1968, galvanised by the inequality suffered particularly by migrant children. She was active in the campaign to prevent the eviction of old men from the Rosebank Old Men's Home in Glebe and stressed the disadvantages of the old schools in the electorate.\nAlthough she only ran for election once, Doris Jobling continued to be involved in campaigns in support of public education. When she retired from the position of organiser for the Teachers' Federation, she returned to teaching.\nShe married Joe Owens, one time official of the Builders' Labourers' Federation, and they had two sons. Doris was killed by her son Adam in September 2006.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-cold-blood\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Knight, Janice", "Entry ID": "AWE1631", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/knight-janice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Quirindi, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Janice Knight ran for election only once. That was in 1991 as an ALP candidate for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Northern Tablelands.\n", "Details": "Raised in Coonamble district of NSW, Janice Knight undertook a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of New England and started teaching at Wiley Park Girls' High School. Active in her community, she was elected secretary of New England Rugby Union in 1973. She joined the ALP in 1989 and was a delegate to the Country Conference.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Petersen, Mairi Isabel Wilson", "Entry ID": "AWE1717", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/petersen-mairi-isabel-wilson\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Maclean, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Mairi Petersen is widely known and respected in the labor movement, particularly in Illawarra. She stood as an ALP candidate in the following elections:\nNew South Wales Legislative Assembly for Bligh in 1976.\nHouse of Representatives for Wentworth in 1975.\nCity of Shellharbour Council in 1995.\n", "Details": "Mairi Petersen was born in Maclean on the north coast of New South Wales and completed her Primary Teacher's Certificate at Newcastle Teachers' College. Her first appointment was to Kellyville Primary School in the north west of Sydney. Subsequently she taught at Forest Lodge, Darlinghurst, Fort Street, Clovelly and Glenmore road, Paddington in the inner suburbs. Later she moved to the Illawarra area and taught at Mount Warrigal, Albion Park Rail and Shellharbour primary schools. Mairi Petersen married (1) Robert Gould (marriage dissolved) with whom she had a daughter, Natalie, and (2) George Petersen, MLA for Illawarra 1968-1988 (died 28 March 2000).\nTogether the Petersen's ran an environmental radio programme on the community radio station 2 VOX-FM for eight years. Mairi Petersen has travelled widely, particularly to third world countries, and was a member of the Cuba Work Brigade. She has been an active member of Amnesty International for many years and has taken part in many other community activities. She and George Petersen were long time members of the Illawarra Folk Club and Mairi has sung with the Trade Union Choir.\nShe is active in the Illawarra section of the Australian Society for the Study of Labor History, and has been a member of the Council for Civil Liberties for many years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hancock, Shelley Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1832", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hancock-shelley-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Shelley Hancock was a Liberal Party candidate who was elected to parliament at her first attempt in 2003. She became the Member for South Coast in the South Wales Legislative Assembly. She was re-elected in 2007, 2011 and 2015. In 2016 she was the Speaker in the Legislative Assembly, the first female to assume this position.\n Prior to this she was a successful local councillor, having been Alderman at the Shoalhaven Council from 1987-2001 and Deputy Mayor 2000-01.\n", "Details": "Shelley Hancock grew up in Chatswood, one of two daughters. She was educated at Chatswood and Artarmon Primary Schools and North Sydney Girls' High School. She also completed a B.A. at the University of Sydney.\nShe has lived in the Milton area for nearly thirty years. She taught English, History and Drama at Ulladulla High School for 26 years while also being a partner with her husband, Ossie, in a small business in the tourism industry (motel and horse-riding) at Milton.\nShe has three children, all educated at local schools and involved in local activities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hodgkinson, Katrina Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE1844", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hodgkinson-katrina-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Yass, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Katrina Ann Hodgkinson was a National candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly by-election for Southern Highlands in 1996. In 1999 and then again in 2003 she was successfully elected to the Burrinjuck seat in the NSW Legislative Assembly. She was re-elected in 2007 and 2011. She was appointed Minister for Primary Industries in 2011, the first woman to hold that position in New South Wales. An electoral redistribution before the 2015 election meant that she stood for and won the new seat of Cootamundra. She resigned from Parliament in 2017. At the 2019 federal election she contested, unsuccessfully, the seat of Gilmore in New South Wales.\nAfter leaving Parliament she was the National Director of Government and Regulatory Affairs at Australia's Academic and Research Network, was on the Board of the Australian Rail Track Corporation for several years, and served on other boards in sectors ranging from mining to philanthropy, property, and small business.\nA complete record of her parliamentary service can be found on the New South Wales Parliament site (see link below).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hon-katrina-ann-hodgkinson-mp\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Howden, Jocelyn", "Entry ID": "AWE1848", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/howden-jocelyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Laboratory assistant, Political staffer, Teacher", "Summary": "Jocelyn Howden is a dedicated Greens party member who stood for them in the following elections:\nNew South Wales Legislative Assembly, Hawkesbury, 1999\nNew South Wales Legislative Assembly, The Hills 2003\nHouse of Representatives, Greenway, 1998\n", "Details": "Jocelyn Howden has lived in the Hills District for 25 years. She is an active campaigner, seeking to protect bushland and to minimise development in north-western Sydney. She is a member of the Wilderness Society and was active in the Jabiluka campaign. In 2005 she was working in the office of Ian Cohen, MLC, in research and administration. \nShe and her husband have six children and she is a long-standing foster carer.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Judge, Dianne Virginia", "Entry ID": "AWE1863", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judge-dianne-virginia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cooma, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Councillor, Mayor, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Virginia Judge was a successful local and state ALP politician and was the first woman to be elected for the seat of Strathfield in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 2003. She was re-elected in 2007, but was defeated at the 2011 election.\nShe was a Councillor with the Strathfield Municipal Council from 1995-2004 and Mayor from 2001-03.\n", "Details": "Virginia Judge was born in Cooma, where her father worked as a surveyor on the Snowy Mountain Scheme. She was educated in Canberra, graduating with a B.Ed. With a double music major from the Canberra School of Music.\nAfter graduation Virginia worked as a teacher in primary and secondary schools in Sydney and Canberra, and taught at the Evondale Special School in Croydon for students with intellectual disabilities. She also worked as an Australian volunteer abroad for the Overseas Service Bureau in Tonga and later in the Solomon Islands and Fiji.\nBack in Sydney, Virginia worked in real estate, qualifying for her real estate licence. She was also studying Law part-time at Macquarie University prior to her election to the Legislative Assembly.\nShe is married and has three daughters.\nVirginia Judge is the first woman to be elected for Strathfield.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kanaghines, Julie Lorraine", "Entry ID": "AWE1864", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kanaghines-julie-lorraine\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Julie Kanaghines was an ALP activist in the 90s, but was untraced in 2005. She ran in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for The Hills in 1991 and in the 1993 House of Representatives elections for Mitchell. Julie Kanaghines studied at Teachers' College (grad 1966) and Arts part-time at Macquarie University, Sydney in 1990s.\nShe joined the ALP 1976, becoming Branch secretary and delegate to Mitchell Federal Electorate Council. She was also involved in Greenpeace.\nShe is married to Peter, and they have three children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Keneally, Kristina Marie Kerscher", "Entry ID": "AWE1867", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/keneally-kristina-marie-kerscher\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Las Vegas, Nevada, United States", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Premier, Teacher", "Summary": "Active in student, religious and union affairs since 1990, Kristina Keneally was the first American-born member of the New South Wales Parliament. In 2003 she was the Australian Labor Party candidate elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Heffron. She served in several ministries and became the State's first female Premier in 2009, replacing Nathan Rees as leader of the Parliamentary Labor Party. The Labor Government was defeated at the March 2011 election, she was replaced as leader by John Robertson and resigned from State Parliament on 29 June 2012. \nShe was a presenter for Sky TV News between 2014 and 2017, before contesting unsuccessfully the House of Representatives division of Bennelong in a by-election in December 2017. In January 2018 she was appointed to the Senate, filling a casual vacancy. She resigned from the Senate in order to contest the House of Representatives division of Fowler at the 2022 general election, but was unsuccessful. Since November 2022 she has been the Chief Executive Officer of the Sydney Children's Hospital Foundation.\nA complete record of her State parliamentary service can be found on the New South Wales Parliament site, and the record of her service in the Senate, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Commonwealth Parliamentary Handbook (links below).\nIn the 2026 Australia Day Honours she was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) 'for distinguished service to the people and the Parliament of Australia, to the Parliament of New South Wales, particularly as Premier, and to the community.' \n", "Details": "Born on 19 December 1968 in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, of an Australian mother and American father, Kristina Keneally grew up in Toledo, Ohio, where she attended high school at Notre Dame Academy. She graduated from the University of Dayton Ohio with Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in political science in 1991 and a Master of Arts (Hons) in 1995 in religious studies, specialising in feminist theology. She was involved in founding the National Association of Students at Catholic Colleges and Universities, serving as its president in 1990 and 1991. Following her graduation in 1991 she volunteered to work for a year as a primary school teacher at the Immaculate Conception School, Cuba, New Mexico, then worked as a graduate assistant in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Dayton Ohio from 1991 to 1994.\nA registered Democrat, she worked as an intern for the Lieutenant Governor of Ohio before emigrating to Australia in 1994, where she married Ben Keneally in 1996. The couple had two sons, Daniel and Brendon, but their only daughter, Caroline, died at birth in 1999. This loss inspired her to serve as Patron from 2010-18 of The Stillbirth Foundation of Australia, an organisation promoting awareness, understanding, support and research into stillbirth.\nFollowing her arrival in Australia she worked for the NSW branch of the Society of St Vincent de Paul as State Youth Coordinator and briefly attended the Australian Catholic University in Strathfield, NSW. She became a naturalised Australian citizen in 2000 and joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She renounced her American citizenship in 2002 prior to her election to the seat of Heffron in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 2003. After being re-elected in the 2007 she became the Minister for Ageing and Disability Service, controversially initiating the rebuilding of outdated institutional residential facilities for people with a disability. In 2008, as Minister for Planning, she managed problems arising from the construction of the desalination pipeline works between Erskineville and Kurnell. She was the State Government's spokeswoman for World Youth Day in 2008 and in November 2009 was appointed Minister for Infrastructure. \nBy December 2009 she had become the preferred leadership candidate of the Labor Right faction and on 4 December 2009 was elected the 42nd Premier of NSW, becoming the State's first female premier. For the first time in Australian history both the Premier and the Deputy Premier (Carmel Tebbutt) were women. While Premier, Keneally oversaw the controversial development of the Barangaroo headlands and initiated the also controversial privatisation of the state's electricity assets. In December 2010, at Keneally's request, the NSW Governor, Marie Bashir, prorogued Parliament. There was a 16.5 percent two-party preferred statewide swing against her Government in the 2011 elections, the biggest swing in Australian political history. Keneally resigned as Premier and state Labor leader on election night and announced she would return to the backbench. She resigned from Parliament on 29 June 2012. Following the defeat of the Labor Government, in 2012 the Independent Commission into Corruption found Keneally ministers Obeid, Tripodi and Mc Donald had acted in a corrupt manner.\nIn 2011 Keneally became the director of Souths Care, the nominated charity of the South Sydney Rabbitohs and its chair 2016-18. She chaired Basketball Australia's board 2011-12 and became its CEO from 2012-14. From 2012-18 she was Ambassador of Opportunity International, a microfinance service for the poor in several Asian countries, and from 2015-17 she held the positions of Director of Gender Inclusion, Adjunct Professor at the Macquarie Graduate School of Management and a member of the Referendum Council on Constitutional Recognition.\nKeneally regularly contributed to the Guardian Australia between December 2014 and June 2019 on a range of issues such as religion in politics, same-sex marriage and asylum seeking. In May 2014 she began her career as a media presenter, filling in for Ita Buttrose for a week on panel show Studio 10. In July she joined Sky News Australia as co-host of the weekly panel program The Contrarians with Ross Cameron until they were given the own self-titled program Keneally and Cameron. When this program was terminated in April 2015, she joined Peter van Onselen as co-host of the Sky News daytime program To the Point on 1 June 2015. She also became a regular presenter of primetime programs The Cabinet and Credlin & Keneally. Keneally took leave from Sky News on 14 November 2017, the day she announced her intention to stand for the Commonwealth Parliament.\nKeneally unsuccessfully stood as ALP candidate for the seat of Bennelong in the by-election on 16 December 2017, but on 30 January 2018 the ALP announced she would fill the casual vacancy caused by the resignation of New South Wales senator Sam Dastyari. She was sworn in on 15 February 2018. \nIn June 2018 she controversially opposed mandatory reporting for Catholic priests informed of child sexual abuse in confession. She also attended the Rambam Israel Fellowship in Israel, sponsored by the Australia\/Israel and Jewish Affairs Council, a lobby group that covered the costs of her visit.\nFollowing the 2019 federal election, Labor's new leader Anthony Albanese, expressed his intention to bring Keneally onto the front bench, despite opposition from the NSW Right faction. On 29 May Ed Husic announced his resignation from the front bench and endorsed Keneally as his replacement. On 30 May, Labor's Deputy Leader in the Senate, Don Farrell, announced his resignation from the position to make way for a gender-balanced leadership team and Keneally became the new Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, Shadow Minister for Home Affairs, and Shadow Minister for Immigration and Citizenship in the Shadow Cabinet.\nKeneally resigned from the Senate on 13 April 2022 in order to contest the NSW House of Representatives seat of Fowler in the 2022 general election, vacated by the retiring MP Chris Hayes and she moved home from the northern beaches to the Fowler electorate, a safe Labor seat that included suburbs such as Cabramatta and Liverpool. The advisability of appointing an American-born woman to a safe Labor seat primarily populated by people of Asian or Middle Eastern background, including a large proportion of migrants and refugees, was contested by Labor MPs such as Anne Aly and Peter Khalil but she had the support of former prime minister Paul Keating. Keneally was defeated at the election by Independent candidate Dai Le, a lawyer, a former Liberal Party councillor and Vietnamese refugee who was endorsed by previous incumbent Hayes as his preferred candidate, due to her ability to represent the multiculturalism of the area and her strong links to the community. This was one of only two Labor losses at the 2022 federal election.\nIn November 2022 Keneally was appointed CEO of the Sydney Children's Hospitals Foundation. She was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the Australia Day Honours 2026 for 'distinguished service to the people and the Parliament of Australia, to the Parliament of New South Wales, particularly as Premier, and to the community'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brawler-who-never-played-like-a-girl\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kristina-keneally-wikipedia-entry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hon-kristina-kerscher-keneally\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/keneally-the-hon-kristina-kerscher-ao\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kurfurst, Meira", "Entry ID": "AWE1873", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kurfurst-meira\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Meira Kurfurst was a once only parliamentary candidate, with local interests at heart. She was a Councillor with the Marrickville Municipal Council from 1984-87 and an Independent candidate in the 1995 New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Marrickville. At the time of her campaign, Meira Kurfurst had been a resident of Newtown for 16 years and was well known as a founding member of Concerned Citizens of Newtown and a member of the Cooks River Festival Committee from 1985-89. Her campaign leaflets stressed the urgent need to reduce aircraft noise in the area. She moved to Queensland in the 1990s where she is listed in the Multicultural Resource Directory as a teacher of Hebrew and as President of the Israelis & Friends Association. Meira has a Dip.Ed.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliament-and-local-government-an-updated-history-1975-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lawrence-Rowe, Cheryl", "Entry ID": "AWE1881", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawrence-rowe-cheryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bowral, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Cheryl Lawrence-Rowe was a once only candidate (ALP) in an unwinnable seat (New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Lane Cove, 1995). She was born in Bowral but grew up on the North Shore of Sydney. She was educated at St Kevin's Eastwood Primary School, Brigidine College, St Ives and Monte Sant'Angelo College North Sydney. Cheryl Lawrence-Rowe graduated from the University of Sydney with a BA. From 1986 she taught Modern History at Monte Sant' Angelo, where she was the Secretary of the Independent Teachers Association branch.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Leembruggen, Anne Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1882", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leembruggen-anne-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Anne Leembruggen was a once only parliamentary candidate, but a successful local government councillor. She was Alderman at the Ashfield Municipal Council from 1987-1991 and an Independent candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Ashfield in 1988.\n", "Details": "Anne Leembruggen was raised in the Sutherland Shire and attended Jannali Girls' High School. She trained as a Special Education teacher and for 5 years taught intellectually handicapped adults and children. She then taught at a primary school in Strathfield, before becoming an Adult Basic Education teacher in the TAFE system. She also lectured at the Institute of Technical and Adult Teacher Education, teaching teachers how to teach adults with language and reading problems.\nAnne Leembruggen joined the Summer Hill Action Group in 1985 and this led to her successful election as a councillor on Ashfield Municipal Council. While on Council, she was influential in setting up Vacation Play Centres and she set up a working party to investigate community services needs.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliament-and-local-government-an-updated-history-1975-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Leishman, Tanya", "Entry ID": "AWE1883", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leishman-tanya\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Scientist, Teacher", "Summary": "Tanya Leishman is a committed environmentalist who represented the Australian Greens in the 2003 New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Heathcote. She has more than 10 years experience in conservation and community education, working for National Parks, Streamwatch and the Taronga Zoological Park. She has also been the Bush Fire Project Officer at the Nature Conservation Council of NSW, and is a volunteer member of the Woronora Bush Fire Brigade. In 2003 Tanya Leishman was studying to be a primary school teacher. She lives with her partner and child in Woronora.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lentern, Jo-Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1885", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lentern-jo-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Jo-Anne Lentern ran for election twice, to represent the Greens. That was in the 1998 House of Representatives elections for Hughes and in the 1999 New South Wales Legislative Assembly Heathcote election. At the time of her campaign for Heathcote, Jo-Anne Lentern had been living in the Sutherland Shire for seven years. She was active in community affairs and has two children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mackinolty, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE1896", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinolty-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Historian, Swimmer, Teacher", "Summary": "An ALP candidate whose other life as a historian and teacher was distinguished. Judith Mackinolty was a candidate for the Hills Shire Council elections in c.1962 and in the 1973 New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for the Hills.\n", "Details": "Judith Macinolty was born in Melbourne in 1931, the daughter of a pharmacist, Les Allen and his wife Mary. She won a scholarship to MacRobertson Girls' High School, from which she matriculated to Melbourne University in 1949. By this time she had also been a member of the Victorian state swimming team and had won a state backstroke championship in 1947. She represented Melbourne University and Victoria in interstate competitions and remained a life long swimmer.\nShe graduated from the University of Melbourne with a BA, then MA with majors in English and history, with a particular interest in Australian history. In 1953, she married John Macinolty, then a country solicitor in Gippsland, later Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney. They had two children.\nJudy Macinolty taught at Northmead and Doonside High Schools, and was Head Teacher History at Doonside 1970-73. In 1972 she began a Master's degree, her thesis being published as Sugar Bag Days; Sydney workers and the challenge of the 1930s depression. She was President of the NSW and Australian History Teachers' Associations.\nDuring the 1970s and 1980s she lectured at the Macquarie and NSW universities and held a research fellowship at the University of Sydney.\nHer last formal work was as a project officer with the NSW Bicentennial Council. She was associated with many activities concerned with reconciliation, and worked to achieve agreement between white and Aboriginal communities around Myall Creek which resulted in a memorial acknowledging the massacre there.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macleod, Jennifer Gordon", "Entry ID": "AWE1897", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macleod-jennifer-gordon\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Jenny Gordon was active in the Australian Democrats for a decade. She represented them in the following elections:\nHouse of Representatives seat of Sydney, 1983\nNew South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Elizabeth, 1984\nNew South Wales Senate, 1984, 1987, 1990.\nJenny McLeod had lived in the electorate of Elizabeth for more than a decade, when she ran for election. She had been a secondary school teacher before becoming the mother of five children, and her stated interests largely revolved around education and child welfare. She also espoused the causes of Aboriginal Land Rights and improved public transport.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Manuel, Jean Maree", "Entry ID": "AWE1898", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manuel-jean-maree\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carlton, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Teacher, Volunteer", "Summary": "Jean Manuel was a dedicated local activist in southern Sydney, with a wide range of voluntary and community interests. She was a Councillor on the Sutherland Shire council from 1965-80, including stints as the Deputy Shire President from 1968-71 and 1977-78 and Shire President from 1978-79. Jean was less successful in state politics, having been an unsuccessful Independent candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Woronora in 1973 and for Sutherland in 1988.\n", "Details": "Educated Belmore North PS, NSW, St Joseph's School, Belmore NSW, Burwood HS NSW\nMarried Kenneth Manuel, 1946, two daughters and one son.\nVoluntary Red Cross worker, 1939-45, 1945-47.\nInfants teacher, St Joseph's School Oyster Bay 1955-63.\nFirst woman councillor, deputy shire president and shire president in her long career with Sutherland Shire 1965-80.\nAustralian Local Government Women's Association office holder, records officer and historian, life member from 1970.\nMBE 1977.\nPatron of many organizations in Sutherland Shire, including Amelie House Women's Refuge 1978-80.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McInnes, Philippa Gay", "Entry ID": "AWE1909", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcinnes-philippa-gay\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "A local activist and community worker, Pippa McInnes has been a Councillor in the Blue Mountains City Council from 1991-1992 and again since 2004. In 2003 she represented the Australian Greens in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections.\n", "Details": "Pippa McInnes is a long time resident of the Blue Mountains, and in 2004 is a Blue Mountains City Councillor, having served her first term on council from 1991.\nShe has worked as a casual teacher, teaching High School English, and (after completing a commercial cooking course) hospitality and food technology. She joined the Greens in 2001, and has attended their State and Federal Conferences, and is a member of the Fundraising, State Election and Management committees.\nShe has four children, and became involved in public education issues through membership of the Parents and Citizens Committees of her children's schools. She also supports a child in Nepal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliament-and-local-government-an-updated-history-1975-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McNish, Mary Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE1913", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcnish-mary-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Activist, Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "A well known figure in Sydney political and socially active organizations and a staunch defender of civil liberties. Mary McNish stood for the Australia Party in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Willoughby in 1971 and 1973.\n", "Details": "At the time of her first candidacy Mary McNish was the NSW and National Secretary of the Australia Party, which she had helped to found. Prior to 1971, she was organising secretary of the JOBS project conducted by the Adult Education Department of the University of Sydney, which was responsible for pre-vocational training and final placement of 40 young Aborigines.\nMary McNish was an active campaigner for the establishment of a library in Willoughby, the last municipality in the state without one. She was also an active member of the Council for Civil Liberties, and in subsequent years held all executive positions on it. She campaigned against the Queensland legislation prohibiting street marches in 1979, and in company with George Petersen, M.L.A., Senator George Georges, and 63 others, was arrested for her action.\nMary McNish was born and educated in Queensland. She married (1) John Olsen, with whom she had a daughter, and (2) Alex McNish.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Meers, Heather", "Entry ID": "AWE1915", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meers-heather\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Waverley, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Heather Meers was born and bred in Waverley and taught at Dover Heights High School before her marriage to John Meers, with whom she has two children. She later worked as a primary school teacher\/librarian and was active in local community groups. At the time of her campaigns, she was the Secretary of the management committee of a local neighbourhood centre, where she conducted a conversation group for migrants. In 1984 and 1988 she stood as an Australian Democrats candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly elections for Waverley. Her election leaflet committed her to fight for cleaner beaches, reduction of public housing waiting lists, improved psychiatric care for the mentally ill and more community and youth centres.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moore, Clover", "Entry ID": "AWE1924", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-clover\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Mayor, Politician, Teacher", "Summary": "An indefatigable and very successful campaigner, Clover Moore was Alderman of the South Sydney City Council from 1980 to 1981 and Alderman of the Council of the City of Sydney 1981-87. She was elected Lord Mayor of Sydney in 2003. Clover was also elected as an Independent to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Bligh in 1988, 1991, 1995, 1999 and 2003. In 2007 she was elected to the new seat of Sydney and relinquished it in 2012.\nIn the 1990s Clover Moore held the balance of power in the Legislative Assembly, with two other independents. She is renowned for her hard work and her community attachments. She continues to hold the position of Lord Mayor of Sydney.\n", "Details": "Clover Moore was born in Sydney, one of three daughters of Kathleen and Francis Collins. She was educated at Loreto College, Kirribilli and Elm Court Dominican Convent, Moss Vale. She matriculated to Sydney University, where she studied arts (BA Dip. Ed.) and lived at Sancta Sophia College. After graduation she began work as English\/History teacher at Fort Street High School and then lived and taught in London and Europe for several years. She married Peter Moore, an architect, in 1972 and they have two children, Sophie and Tom.\nThe Moores returned to Australia in 1975, and in 1980 she won a seat on South Sydney Council. She has been in public office ever since, serving on the City of Sydney Council and in the Legislative Assembly, to which she was elected for Bligh in 1988. From 2003 she was both Lord Mayor of Sydney and the MLA for Bligh, and from 2007 MLA for Sydney until 2012. She continues to hold the position of Lord Mayor of Sydney.\nClover Moore was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 2023 for distinguished service to local government, to the people and Parliament of NSW, and to the community of Sydney.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clover-moore-further-papers-1976-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clover-moore-papers-1982-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clover-moore-further-papers-1980-2009-being-bligh-sydney-electorate-office-archives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clover-moore-further-papers-1988-2012-being-bligh-sydney-electorate-office-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mullin, Sharon", "Entry ID": "AWE1927", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mullin-sharon\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Student, Teacher", "Summary": "Sharon Mullin was briefly a political activist who contested the New South Wales Legislative Assembly election for Bathurst in 1995 and for the House of Representatives seat of Calare in 1996. She ran for the Greens because of her belief in the need to balance social and economic needs with environmental protection, and because she deplored the lack of women in political life. At the time of the campaign, Sharon Mullin was studying architecture, having previously been a secondary school teacher.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murtagh, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE1931", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murtagh-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Mary Murtagh joined the ALP in 1972 and has held office at branch and electorate level and been an annual conference delegate. She represented them in the 1995 New South Wales Legislative Assembly election for Oxley. She was a member of the Independent Education Union and was its Mid North Coast Branch Secretary from 1991-1994\nMary Murtagh was educated at St Brendan's Central School, Bankstown and Bethlehem Ladies College, Ashfield. She attended Macquarie University where she obtained an Arts degree and a Dip. Ed. She taught first at St Patrick's College, Campbelltown, and from 1981, at Paul's College, Kempsey. Mary and her husband have three children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Engly, Piphal", "Entry ID": "AWE1936", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/engly-piphal\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kampong Cham province, Cambodia", "Occupations": "Community worker, Interpreter, Teacher", "Summary": "Born in 1944 in Kampong Cham province, about 120km from the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh, Piphal Engly arrived in Australia in 1977 with no money and very little English.\n", "Details": "Raised by a mother who instilled the importance of education and an active life in all her children, Piphal matriculated in 1962 at age sixteen, when most others were doing so at twenty. She obtained numerous medical diplomas and Licence des Lettres from Cambodian and European academies. She worked as a teacher in the Public Health Model Centre, applying and implementing Public Health to the rural districts around Phnom Penh. Operated by the World Health Organization, the Model Health Centre focused on women's health needs by providing neo natal care and training rural midwives. In the early 1970s, Piphal was employed as a coordinator for the World Health Organization, and as a Pharmaceutical and Medical Supervisor. She was also employed by the Department of Public Health as an International Public Relations Officer, thanks to her French language fluency.\nPiphal married in 1963. Twelve years later, in 1975, her husband was selected by the Department of Commerce to travel to Australia for training. Later that year the Republican Cambodia fell to the Khmer Rouge and his scholarship was cancelled. Piphal managed to join him in Melbourne in 1977, but without their two children, whose whereabouts remain unknown.\nPiphal initially took on casual work as a cleaner, but was unaware of her rights under Australian industrial law and was exploited. Nine months later she enrolled in English classes at a Migrant Resource Centre. She eventually completed her High School Certificate and worked as a teacher assistant and as an interpreter for the Health Commission of Victoria and the Victorian Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs.\nEnraged by racism toward Cambodian students in one school, Piphal set herself a two month period to make those students sufficiently literate to keep up with their schoolmates. She succeeded, and her efforts won her widespread respect within the Melbourne Cambodian community.\nToday Piphal lives in Canberra. She retains links with her country of birth through the Meada Khmer Development (MKD) Organization - a non-government, non-profit, non-sectarian, non-political organization which aims to improve the lives of disadvantaged women in Cambodia. (The MKD Organization is located at: N\u00b0 54 Samdech Sothearos (St. 3), Phnom Penh 12207, Cambodia. Ph: 012 728 049; Email: tepsavery@online.com.kh). She has performed senior roles at the Royal Embassy of Cambodia in Canberra and is a professional interpreter and translator.\nIn 2010 she was awarded a PhD from Monash University for a thesis entitled: The secret Nationalist Movement: a memoir of a Cambodian princess, 1880-1920.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-family-of-cambodia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Neill, Deborah", "Entry ID": "AWE1946", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oneill-deborah\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Deborah O'Neill was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Robertson, New South Wales at the federal election, which was held on 21 August 2010. In an earlier bid to enter the New South Wales State Parliament, Deborah O'Neill was uncontested at the ALP preselection New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Gosford in 2003. She ran against the Liberal Deputy Leader. Deborah was unsuccessful in her bid losing by 272 votes.\n At the time of her campaign, Deborah O'Neill had been resident on the Central Coast for 17 years. As a preselected candidate of the governing party, Deborah was able to lobby Ministers and her election material claimed several funding successes for local projects. She was opposed to overdevelopment on the coast. She taught locally and lectured at the University of Newcastle, as well as running a small business in partnership with her husband, Paul. They have three children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Paluzzano, Karyn Lesley", "Entry ID": "AWE1951", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/paluzzano-karyn-lesley\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Politician, Teacher", "Summary": "Karyn Paluzzano was a successful woman ALP candidate in the seat of Penrith. She was first elected to that seat in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 2003. She was re-elected in 2007, but resigned from the Parliament on 7 May 2010 as a result of allegations against her of falsely claiming parliamentary allowances and of giving false and misleading evidence to an anti-corruption inquiry.\n Prior to this she was a member of the Penrith City Council (1999-2004).\n", "Details": "Karyn Paluzzano was educated at Glenbrook Primary School, Nepean High School, and the University of Western Sydney. She has taught at local schools in Emu Plains, Mt. Druitt and Werrington, and worked as a Senior Education Officer with the Department of School Education. She has also lectured at the Australian Catholic University; the University of Western Sydney, Penrith; and the University of Technology, Sydney.\nElected to the Penrith City Council in 1999, she helped establish and provide funding for the Kingswood Neighbourhood Centre, and to secure sponsorship for the Penrith Regional Gallery. She also strongly supported the Railway Street Q Theatre and the Joan Sutherland Performing Arts Centre. Karyn has been a delegate to the Local Government Association and is a member of the ALGWA. She has been an active member of her community for many years, supporting the Kingswood Lions Club and various local sporting clubs.\nKaryn is married to Robert Paluzzano, and they have three children: Edward, Victoria and Elizabeth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parry-Jones, Gwenlynn Daisy", "Entry ID": "AWE1953", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parry-jones-gwenlynn-daisy\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Teacher", "Summary": "Gwen Parry Jones is a dedicated environmentalist who ran for the Australian Greens in the 2003 New South Wales Legislative Assembly election for The Entrance.\n", "Details": "Gwen Parry-Jones has a lifelong connection with the Central Coast of NSW. Originally a teacher, she then ran a small business and later still, worked for the Child Welfare Department, dealing with children who had to appear before the courts. This made her very aware of the influence lack of education has on youth crime.\nIn 1987 Gwen formed the Wildlife Animal Rescue & Care Society Inc. (ARC) and she has been active in the rescue, care and release of native animals ever since. She lectures at local schools regularly and is known as the Bat Lady. She is the co-director of the Wambina Flying-Fox Education and Research Centre.\nIn 2004 she helped to organise the Wildlife Carers Conference. In 2005 she was a member of the working party set up to form the NSW Wildlife Rehabilitation Council.\nAlong with others, her work contributed to the establishment of the new Popran National Park and the Ourimbah Nature Reserve.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bat-lady-remembered\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pinsuti, Susan", "Entry ID": "AWE1963", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pinsuti-susan\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Susan Pinsuti is a committed Christian who has run once for election to parliament. That was in 2003 as a Christian Democrat Party candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Burrinjuck. Her campaign was aimed at bringing morals and ethics back into society. \nSusan Pinsuti grew up in Goulburn and went to the Bourke Street Primary School. She has a Diploma in Education in Early Childhood Teaching and taught for a period in Cabramatta. She married in 2001and at the time of her campaign for Burrinjuck, she taught scripture at four Goulburn Primary Schools.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Richardson, Terri (Therese Jean)", "Entry ID": "AWE1978", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/richardson-terri-therese-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Tutor", "Summary": "Terri Richardson is a hard working party member of the Australian Democrats, deeply committed to a just society, and passionate on the subject of Indigenous education. Terri was on the State Executive Committee of the Australian Democrats for nine years, 1989-1998, and continues her connection with the party as Acting Convenor of the Cook Electorate branch. She also contested the following elections on their behalf:\nNew South Wales Legislative Assembly, Cronulla, 1991\nHouse of Representatives, Cook, 1990, 1993, 1996, 1998\nNew South Wales, Legislative Council, 1994.\nTerri Richardson grew up in the Sutherland Shire and was educated at Oyster Bay Primary School and St George Girls' High School. She trained as a primary school teacher at the Alexander Mackie College of Advanced Education and taught for 15 years. Subsequently she was a tutor at the Centre for Australian Indigenous Studies at the University of Technology, Sydney. In 2005, still passionate about the education of indigenous children, she was actively involved in the Indigenous Tutorial Assistance Scheme. She was also part way through a Masters of Professional Studies: Aboriginal Studies from the University of New England. She has one daughter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Riordan, Maureen", "Entry ID": "AWE1980", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/riordan-maureen\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Carer, Manager, Teacher", "Summary": "Maureen Riordan ran for parliament once only: ALP candidate, New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Port Macquarie, 1999. She has worked as a residential care assistant, a teacher and a manager. Maureen served on the Board of the Mid Coast Council for Regional and Social Development, and was a member of the Health Council. She is married.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Saffin, Janelle Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE1991", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/saffin-janelle-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ipswich, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Lawyer, Politician, Teacher", "Summary": "Janelle Saffin joined the Australian Labor Party in 1982 and held senior positions in her local branch, was a delegate to Country and State conferences and was a member of the Corrective Services Advisory Council. She has been President of the North Coast Breast Screening Program and a committee member of the Northern Rivers Social Development Council. After working as a teacher, and small business person and being active in community services and local charity, Janelle Saffin stood unsuccessfully for the seat of Lismore (New South Wales Legislative Assembly) in 1991. However in 1995 she was elected to the Legislative Council of the New South Wales Parliament (1995-2003); to the seat of Page in the House of Representatives (2007-2013); and to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 2019, representing the seat of Lismore. She holds three ministerial positions: Recovery; Small Business; and the North Coast.\nShe is married to Dr Jim Gallagher, and has one son and three stepsons. Janelle Saffin completed a Dip Prim T (Northern Rivers CAE), BLegalStud (Macq), and Mbus. \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smith, Beth", "Entry ID": "AWE2009", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-beth\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Beth Smith is a committed Christian activist who stood for the Christian Democrat Party in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly election for Cronulla, 2003 and in the House of Representatives election for Cook, 2004. At the time of her first campaign, Beth Smith had been a resident in the Cronulla area for 11 years and a teacher for more than 30 years. Her campaign stressed the protection of Kurnell and opposition to over development in the Sutherland Shire.\n", "Details": "Educated at the University of New South Wales (B.Sc. Dip.Ed.), Beth Smith began her teaching career in country NSW. She completed a Bible College Diploma and became a full-time Religious Education teacher at Jannali Girls High School. Her position was funded by local churches and she held it for 10 years.\nBeth and her husband Ian Smith adopted two children with intellectual disabilities and through them became involved with the Special Olympics movement. By 2004, she and her husband ran a network marketing company. They were long term members of the Christian Democrat Party, and were very active in their church. Beth Smith stressed her concern about a decline in moral standards.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stone, Lorna", "Entry ID": "AWE2016", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stone-lorna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Lorna Stone was a successful Liberal Party candidate with a long history of community activity. In 1991 she was elected to the Sutherland Shire Council, remaining there until 1995 and then in 1997 she was elected to the seat of Sutherland in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly by-election. In 1999 Lorna ran for the Assembly seat of Heathcote but was not elected. She joined the Liberal Party in 1974 and has held many offices at every level of the Party.\n", "Details": "Lorna Stone has a Teachers Certificate from Sydney Teachers College and a Diploma Training of Deaf from Sydney CAE. She has worked as a teacher in the NSW Department of Education and has also been a Director of family companies and the HCF.\nShe is the Patron of various local community groups and was President of the Sutherland Family Network 1996-98. She was President\/Secretary of the Highfield Committee of Sutherland Hospital 1984-98 and has been Chairperson of the Southern Sydney Health Service. She is married to Keith Stone and they have a daughter and three sons. She has lived in the Sutherland Shire for over 30 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sutton, Julie", "Entry ID": "AWE2020", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutton-julie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Marriage celebrant, Mayor, Teacher", "Summary": "Julie Sutton was a dedicated teacher of modern languages, whose service to local government and the ALP has spanned several decades. She was first elected to the Warringah Council in 1980 and was re-elected several times until 2003, then again in 2008. Julie became the first woman Mayor of Warringah in 1995 and served as Deputy Mayor for five terms. Unfortunately she could not match this success at the state level and failed to gain election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Davidson in 1981, 1984 and 1988.\n", "Details": "Julie Sutton joined the ALP in 1969, and held various offices at both branch and electorate council levels. Her career in local government as a Councillor of Warringah Council was distinguished, and she was an energetic member of many Council committees.\nJulie was educated at Newcastle Girls High School and the Universities of Newcastle, New England and Macquarie completing a Master of Arts (Honours) and Diploma of Education. She taught French, German and English at Raymond Terrace, Newcastle Girls' and the Forrest High Schools. She was highly respected at Forrest High School where she taught for more than 15 years. She married (later dissolved) and had 3 sons.\nShe was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in January 2022.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Taperell, Kathleen Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE2022", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taperell-kathleen-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Public servant, Teacher", "Summary": "Kathleen Taperell ran only once for parliament (ALP candidate, New South Wales Legislative Assembly, Nepean, 1973) and went on to become a leading feminist and a senior public servant. From 1990, she has been Senior Adviser to the Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs and Assistant Secretary in the Department. Her papers are deposited in the National Library of Australia.\n", "Details": "Kathleen Taperell was born in Sydney and educated at Eastwood Public School, and Our Lady of Mercy College Parramatta. She completed a BA at the University of Sydney (1959), and a Dip Ed at the University of New England (1969). She married John Tucker, with whom she had two sons. She was known as Kathleen Tucker when she ran for the NSW seat of Nepean in 1973. She later returned to using her own name of Taperell.\nShe taught in NSW secondary schools 1967-72 and then became electorate Secretary to MHR John Kerin in 1973. From 1974 she was a public servant, on the staff of the Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration, the Public Service Board (Equal Opportunity Section) and from 1977 she was senior adviser at the Office of Women's Affairs, Canberra. From 1978 to 1983 She was Director of the Office of Women's Affairs (later Office of the Status of Women). She published Sexism in Public Service: the employment of women in Australian government administration with C. Fox and M. Roberts, in 1975.\nShe has been Convenor of the Women's Film Fund Advisory Panel, 1978-83. She represented Australia on the Preparatory Committee for the World Conference of the UN Decade for Women 1978-1980 and was a member of the Australian delegation to it in 1980. She was a member of the Australian delegation to the OECD High Level Conference on Women's employment in 1980.\nIn 1984 she moved to the Department of Foreign Affairs where she worked on human rights questions, and in 1986 she joined the Department of the Special Minister of State. She was Assistant Secretary, Prime Minister's Department 1986-90.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-kathleen-taperell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-tenth-anniversary-at-anu-dr-dorothy-broom-dr-jill-matthews-dr-susan-magarey-ms-wang-ying-ms-wu-lintao-ms-xu-xuehai-ms-liu-maoshu-ms-lian-lijuan-kathleen-taperell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-taperell-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-kathleen-taperell-1973-1992-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ward, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE2037", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ward-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Unley, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Counsellor, Teacher", "Summary": "Jane Ward is a well known local and conservationist activist with a passion for social justice and community action. As an Independent candidate she contested the following elections:\nLeichhardt Municipal Council, 1987\nNew South Wales Legislative Assembly, Balmain, 1988\nHouse of Representatives, Sydney, 2004\nCity of Sydney council elections, 2004\n", "Details": "Jane Ward was born in Unley, South Australia and grew up in Port Lincoln. She was educated at Adelaide University (BA) and the Adelaide Teachers College (Dip. Teach.) and taught briefly before moving to New Zealand. She later married and moved to the United States for 4 years. The marriage was dissolved and she returned to Australia.\nAt the time of the 1988 election campaign, Jane Ward had lived in the Balmain area for 15 years, with her Australian husband and three children. She was also a teacher in the Corrective Services Department and had a long association with the peace and environment movement. She was also President of the Balmain Association and a member of Networking for Women.\nJane Ward was a founding member of Punch Park People, a local environmental group. She has been a Director on the Board of the Kindergarten Union of New South Wales since 1986. She was President of the Kindergarten Union 1988-89 and is a member of its Finance, Audit and Marketing committees (2005). In 1988 she was on the steering Committee of the Conservation Foundation's Urban Planning and Environment Coalition. In 2005 Jane Ward was Coordinator\/Counsellor of the Lone Parent Family Support Services.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Watson, Rose", "Entry ID": "AWE2039", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watson-rose\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Councillor, Teacher", "Summary": "Rose Watson is a once only candidate, a successful Councillor and a stalwart community worker. In 1987 she was elected Alderman Woollahra Council and held that position until 2003. In 1991 she stood for election as an Independent to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Vaucluse. She has been very active in campaigns for better aged care facilities in her area. She was vigorously opposed to the closing of the Strickland House Nursing Home by the Greiner Government in 1989 and fought to open its grounds to the public. She also led the campaign against the proposed closure of the Post Office in Watsons Bay, taking the case to the Federal Court and winning. She founded the Watsons Bay Society, a resident action group and was instrumental in the re-establishment of the State Emergency Services in Woollahra municipality. \nRose Watson was educated at Coogee Public School, Sydney Girls High School and the University of Sydney from which she graduated B.Sc. and Dip.Ed. She taught mathematics at Vaucluse, Dover Heights, Marrickville, Crown Street and Randwick High Schools. She is married to a medical practitioner, whose practice she managed after her retirement from teaching.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Whitten, Kathleen Vera", "Entry ID": "AWE2047", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whitten-kathleen-vera\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Councillor, Farmer, Mayor, Teacher", "Summary": "Kathleen Whitten was a successful local government figure for more than a decade, being Alderman of the Campbelltown Municipal Council (1959-72) and Mayor (1961-2). She was in favour of hospitals and sewerage provision for Campbelltown and St Marys and improvement in the rail services to the area. Kathleen Whitten was very active in her electorate and was patron of the local Girl Guides and Boy Scouts associations, a member and patron of Parents and Citizens Associations in North and East Campbelltown, President of the Campbelltown Milk Zone Dairymen's Council 1963-64, a member of V.I.E.W. and was associated with the Campbelltown Theatre Group and the Girls' Marching Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Williams, Brigitte", "Entry ID": "AWE2049", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-brigitte\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Brigitte Williams was a once only candidate who represented the Australian Democrats in the 1999 elections for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Oxley. She believes in community action and is active in Landcare and the local Catchment Management Committee. Brigitte has worked in the hospitality industry in managing positions in a hotel and a caravan park (1980-82). She then managed a market garden and was Secretary for the Bellinger River Action Group (1984-94) while completing her tertiary qualifications (B.A., Dip. Ed.). She has taught English and History at tertiary and secondary level, and by correspondence.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julie-williams-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Aston, Matilda Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE2062", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aston-matilda-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Carisbrook, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Windsor, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Matilda Ann Aston (December 11, 1873 - November, 1947), better known as Tilly Aston, was a blind Australian writer and teacher. She founded the Victorian Association of Braille Writers (which became the Victorian Braille Library) and then went on to establish the Association for the Advancement of the Blind, assuming the post of secretary.\nTilly's energy was unbounded and her achievements (along with those of her co-workers) to promote the human rights of vision impaired people were plentiful. They include:\n\nSuccessfully lobbying for the world's first free post system for braille (and later talking) books.\nGaining free public transport for blind people.\nAchieving the right to vote for blind people.\nLobbying for the repeal of the bounty system which meant blind people had to pay hefty levies before they could travel interstate\nGaining Government approval for a pension for all legally blind people.\n\n", "Details": "Matilda (Tilly) Ann Aston was a blind Australian writer and teacher who founded the Victorian Association of Braille Writers, and later went on to establish the Association for the Advancement of the Blind.\nBorn in the town of Carisbrook, Victoria in 1873, Tilly was one of eight children. Vision impaired from birth, she had lost most of her sight by the age of seven. A chance meeting with Thomas James, an itinerant blind missionary changed her life; he introduced her to the Braille method of reading. She was then persuaded to travel to Melbourne to further her education. After successfully matriculating in 1988, Tilly became the first blind Australian to go to a university. Sadly, she was unable to complete her Arts Degree at the University of Melbourne due to the lack of braille text books. She was forced to discontinue her studies in the middle of her second year.\nIn 1894, with the assistance of the Australian Natives Association, Tilly established the Victorian Association of Braille Writers. This organisation would eventually become the Victorian Braille Library. In 1895, she established the Association for the Advancement of the Blind to fight for greater independence, social change and new laws for blind people. They quickly won voting rights for blind people; free postage for Braille material (in 1899 - a world first); and transport concessions for the blind.\nIn 1913, aged forty, Tilly undertook a course of teacher training to become head of the Victorian Education Department's School for the Blind. The Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind had some misgivings about the appointment, given her disability, but she proved to be a competent educator and administrator, working for the department until ill-health forced her to retire in 1925\nAs well as being an energetic activist and inspirational teacher, Tilly Aston was a prolific writer. Between 1901 and 1940 she published eight volumes of verse. Her self-penned memoirs The Memoirs of Tilly Aston : Australia's blind poet, author and philanthropist were published in 1946. She corresponded with people around the world in Esperanto, and was editor and chief contributor to A Book of Opals, a Braille magazine for Chinese mission schools, for many years.\nTilly's lifetime of achievements has been recognised in a number of ways. She twice received the King's Medal for distinguished citizens service. A cairn in her honour was erected by the school children of Carisbrook and the Midlands Historical Society. The Federal electorate Division of Aston in Melbourne's eastern suburbs is named after her, as is a species of rose. There is also a sculpture in her honour in King's Domain, in Melbourne, Victoria. The Tilly Aston Bell rings, but only after one runs one's hands all the way round the Braille inscription that the sculpture carries.\nTilly Aston died from cancer on November 1 1947. Her ability to live a useful, independent life despite her disability was inspirational.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-sight-great-vision-a-centenary-history-of-the-association-for-the-blind\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aston-matilda-ann-1873-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lighthouse-on-the-boulevard-a-history-of-the-royal-victorian-institute-for-the-blind-rvib-1866-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-tilly-aston-australias-blind-poet-author-and-philanthropist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-inner-garden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maiden-verses\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/old-timers-sketches-and-word-pictures-of-the-old-pioneers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/singable-songs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/songs-of-light\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woolinappers-or-some-tales-from-the-by-ways-of-methodism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/with-love-to-my-niece\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vision-australias-heritage-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-tilly-aston-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-matilda-ann-aston-australias-blind-poet-author-and-philanthropist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fisher, Marie Claire", "Entry ID": "AWE2072", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fisher-marie-claire\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Lismore, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Marie Fisher was a member of the Australian Labor Party. She was a Member of the directly elected New South Wales Legislative Council from 1978-1988. Date of Election 7 October 1978.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Press, Anne Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE2074", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-anne-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Condobolin, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Anne Press had a parliamentary career that spanned two decades and the opposite ends of the political spectrum. Initially elected in 1959 as an ALP councillor, Press was soon expelled (in 1959) from the party following her vote against party lines when she voted against the Legislative Council Abolition Bill. She then became a member of the Independent Labour Group, to which she belonged for eight years. She joined the liberal party in 1967, and was successfully re-elected to the council as their candidate in 1970. She retired from parliament in 1978.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chadwick, Virginia Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE2077", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chadwick-virginia-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Toronto, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Virginia Chadwick was a member of the Liberal Party. She was a member of the directly elected Legislative Council. Dates of Election 7 October 1978 and 19 March 1988.\nParliamentary career highlights:\nMinister for Family and Community Services, 1988-1990\nMinister for School Education and Youth Affairs, 1990-1992\nMinister for Education and Youth Affairs and Minister for Employment and Training, 1992-93\nMinister for Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Minister for Tourism and Minister Assisting the Premier, 1993-1995\nOpposition Whip, 1984-1988\nVirginia Chadwick was the President of the Legislative Council 1998-1999. She was the first woman Opposition Whip and woman to gain ministerial appointment in a Liberal Government. She retired from politics on 5 March 1999 and was later granted the retention of title of \"Honourable\" for life.\nOn 1 July 1999 the Commonwealth Minister for Environment and Heritage, Robert Hill, appointed Ms Chadwick to a five-year term (later extended) as Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of the Great Barrier Marine Park Authority, a position she held until November 2007.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parker, Robyn Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE2080", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parker-robyn-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Community advocate, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Robyn Parker was elected to the NSW Legislative Council on 22 March 2003. She was a member of the Liberal Party. She was elected Member for Maitland at the 2011 election after moving from the Legislative Council to contest the seat. She served as Minister for the Environment and Minister for Heritage f rom 2011-2014 and retired at the 2015 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burnswoods, Janice (Jan) Carolyn", "Entry ID": "AWE2089", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burnswoods-janice-jan-carolyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Janice Burnswoods was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council on 25 May 1991 and served until 2007. She has been a member of the Australian Labor Party since 1972.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Goldsmith, Marlene Mary Herbert", "Entry ID": "AWE2093", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goldsmith-marlene-mary-herbert\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Gunnedah, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Marlene Goldsmith was a Member of the NSW Legislative Council from 19 March 1988 to 5 March 1999. She was a member of the Liberal Party.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thai, Emily", "Entry ID": "AWE2159", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thai-emily\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cholon, South Vietnam", "Occupations": "Community worker, Librarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Thai, Ti Bach Tuyet was born in Cholon in South Vietnam. For many years, she taught Vietnamese language and social sciences and provided counselling services at a French High School.\nShe migrated to Western Australia in 1975 and quickly reskilled, graduating with a Graduate Diploma in Library Studies from the Western Australian Institute of Technology in 1977, and obtaining work at the Perth Technical College library. Around this time, she adopted the name 'Emily'; inspired by a French poem Emilie ou pays natal because she felt the same homesickness as described in the poem. Adopting this name also made it easier for her Australian colleagues and customers, who couldn't pronounce 'Tuyet' properly.\nNot long after, Emily combined her skills in librarianship and teaching at the Perth City Council Library to develop and run a library education service for new migrant students. After that she worked as the Children's librarian at the City of Gosnells library. She worked very hard at developing programs to build stronger links between the library and the community. She also designed a graded reading system which helped migrants and reluctant readers become literate in English. Her expertise and experience eventually led to her being invited to be the Co-ordinator of the Ethnic Child Care Resource Unit. She introduced Cross-Cultural information packages for Children's Services and ran a variety of workshops relating to early childhood education.\nSince her arrival in Australia, Emily has maintained a strong commitment to community work. She has been an active member of Management Committees for non government organisations that focus on the provision of services to migrant communities, including: the Ethnic Music centre; Community Arts Network; Ethnic Communities Council; Australia Asia Association; Vietnamese Poetry, Classical Music and Opera Association, the Vietnamese Women's Support Community and the Federated Vietnamese Women's Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silent-echoes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gruszka, Meitka", "Entry ID": "AWE2162", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gruszka-meitka\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Poland", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant community advocate, Teacher", "Summary": "Meitka Gruszka was a member of the Polish community in Western Australia who took an active role in multicultural issues. As well as being a leader in the Polish community and having served as President of the Polish Association of Western Australia, she was involved in a number of multicultural organisations. At various times throughout the 1980s and 90s she was a member of the Ethnic Communities Council of Western Australia, the Catholic Migrant Centre and the National Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters' Council.\n", "Details": "Meitka Gruszka was born in Poland just before the outbreak of World War 2. As a baby, she was transported with her mother to the USSR where her mother worked in a Siberian forced labour camp. After the war, she and her mother travelled as refugees to Iran and then East Africa. They arrived in Western Australia in 1950.\nShe completed her education here and became a primary school teacher, working for fifteen years in both the state and Catholic school systems. She furthered her education by completing a Bachelor of Education, specialising in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). In 1979 she was employed by the Catholic Education Office in the area of ESL and Multicultural Education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gruszka-mietka-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reardon, Nancy", "Entry ID": "AWE2192", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reardon-nancy\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Netball Player, Teacher", "Summary": "Nancy Reardon was a gifted Tasmanian athlete who excelled in rowing and netball.\n", "Details": "Appointed Head Sports Mistress at Friends School in Hobart, Tasmania, in the mid-1930s, Nancy was credited with raising the standard of netball (then known as basketball) in that state to a very high level in the period before the war. She was the first Tasmanian ever to be appointed to the All-Australian Representative netball team chosen in 1939 to tour New Zealand in 1940. Unfortunately, she never had the opportunity to represent her country overseas. The 1940 tour to New Zealand was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War Two. That same year, Nancy moved to Western Australia where, sadly, she died in childbirth a year later in 1941. Her daughter, Diana Nancy Marsh, was raised in Western Australia.\n", "Events": "Nancy Reardon was selected in the 1939 All Australian Representative Netball (Basketball) team to tour New Zealand in 1940. (1939 - 1939)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-netball-history-in-tasmania-the-first-bounce-an-account-of-the-history-of-the-sport-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-waves-tasmanian-oarswomen-1922-2022\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bjelke-Petersen, Marie Caroline", "Entry ID": "AWE2193", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bjelke-petersen-marie-caroline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Copenhagen, Denmark", "Death Place": "Lindisfarne, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Physical Culturalist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Marie Bjelke-Petersen is best known as a writer, but as a young woman she enjoyed playing sport and was, it has been argued, instrumental in introducing the sport of netball to Tasmania.\nShe migrated with her family to Hobart, Tasmania in 1891, where her brother, Hans Christian, established the Bjelke-Peterson Physical Culture school in 1892. Marie joined as instructor in charge of the women's section; she also taught the subject in schools. It was during that time, it is suggested, that the Bjelke-Petersen's learned about a new game called basketball that was being played in the United States. Marie introduced drills designed for the game in to the Physical Culture program that she taught in the schools.\nUnfortunately, injuries prevented her from continuing with her teaching career much past 1910. At this point, she picked up her career as a writer. She published her first novel The Captive Singer, in 1917 to much acclaim; it sold 100,000 copies in English and 40,000 in Danish. In 1935 she won the King's Jubilee medal for services to literature.\nIn recent years, Bjelke-Petersen has become a gay and lesbian icon. She lived in an intimate relationship with Silvia Mills, who she met in 1898, and who, it is argued, The Captive Singer was about, for thirty years.\n", "Events": "For Services to Literature (1935 - 1935)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bjelke-petersen-marie-caroline-1874-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-netball-history-in-tasmania-the-first-bounce-an-account-of-the-history-of-the-sport-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-scandinavians-in-australia-new-zealand-and-the-western-pacific\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mortal-flame-marie-bjelke-petersen-australian-romance-writer-1874-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-captive-singer\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newspaper-clippings-photographs-and-copies-of-letters-re-marie-bjelke-peterson-collected-by-maggie-weidenhofer-and-photographs-of-maria-island\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-bjelke-petersen-family\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ross, Ingrid", "Entry ID": "AWE2206", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ross-ingrid\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Germany", "Occupations": "Teacher, Tour guide", "Summary": "Ingrid grew up in war-torn Germany. When she was three years of age her home was bombed, and her family lost everything. She and her mother had to flee to a little village in the mountains where they experienced great hardships and survived by living on food gathered from the forest and the fields. After training as a teacher in her teenage years, Ingrid went to the UK where she met and married Malcolm Ross. They spent 10 years teaching in Papua New Guinea before settling in Australia in 1982. Here Ingrid taught German language in a private school for a number of years. She is now employed as a tour guide around historic sites in Canberra and travels with her husband, a Professor of Linguistics, when he lectures overseas. Tempered by her experiences of life, Ingrid has embraced her adopted country of Australia with great affection, as well as warmly embracing all who come across her path.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-of-grace-stories-of-faith-and-courage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hocking, Betty Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE2207", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hocking-betty-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Social justice advocate, Teacher", "Summary": "Betty, adopted as a baby, grew up in a dysfunctional home in a small country town in South Australia, and experienced difficult and stressful formative years. She later moved to Canberra, where she felt welfare was available to young people with problems of all kinds. In Canberra, Betty established a home for her rapidly growing family - in the space of two years, she went from having two children to six. Betty's many activities included setting up the first secretarial agency in Canberra, from her home.\nWhen Robyn, a profoundly deaf daughter, was born, the family struggled to communicate with her. Robyn eventually trained to become a teacher, and became the first deaf teacher of the deaf in Tasmania.\nBetty took an active role in social justice issues, including actively fighting for justice for Lindy Chamberlain and other victims of injustice. She was elected to the House of Assembly on the Family Team before ACT self-government.\nLater, as she was living in Queensland in retirement, Betty continued to champion causes for those who could not fight for themselves.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-of-grace-stories-of-faith-and-courage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-betty-hocking-1982-1992-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-betty-hocking-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Peden, Margaret Elizabeth Maynard", "Entry ID": "AWE2221", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peden-margaret-elizabeth-maynard\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney", "Occupations": "Cricketer, Sports administrator, Teacher", "Summary": "Margaret Peden completed a Bachelor of Arts (1926) and Diploma of Education (1928) at the University of Sydney, where she co-founded the women's cricket club and served as president of the women undergraduates' association. While working as sports mistress at Redlands School (1928-34), Peden helped to rebuild the New South Wales Women's Cricket Association, serving as honorary secretary from 1928 to 1944. She captained every New South Wales women's cricket team until 1938, with the exception of the 1930 team - that year she co-founded the Australian Women's Cricket Council. She was secretary of the New South Wales Women's Amateur Sports Council in 1932-37, and later vice-president.\nIt was Margaret Peden who organised in 1934 the first tour to Australia by an English women's cricket team and, with her sister Barbara, set up Australia's first indoor coaching centre in Sydney. Peden was appointed captain of the Australian team that year, and again in 1937. In 1950 she became an honorary life member of the Women's Cricket Association, England.\nIn 1935, Peden married Maurice Ranald Emanuel. She gave birth to a son in 1938.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newtown-tarts-a-history-of-the-sydney-university-womens-sports-association-1910-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peden-margaret-elizabeth-maynard-1905-1981\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pennicuik, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE2733", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pennicuik-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Sue Pennicuik was elected Member of the Legislative Council for the Southern Metropolitan Region in November 2006, representing the Australian Greens (Victoria). She was re-elected at both the 2010 and 2014 elections. She has held the position of Victorian Greens Whip in the Legislative Council since 2006.\n", "Details": "Sue Pennicuik holds a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Environmental Science from Monash University, as well as a Bachelor of Applied Science and Diploma of Education from the University of Western Australia. She worked as a fitness instructor, a secondary teacher, an Environment Officer for the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union, and as Coordinator for the Occupational Health and Safety Unit of the ACTU before embarking on a political career.\nPennicuik was a founding member of the Port Phillip Branch of the Australian Greens Victoria. She was Convenor of the Victorian Electoral Campaign Committee in 2001-2003, and a candidate for the Senate in 2004. She was elected MLC for the Southern Metropolitan Region in 2006, and that year was the Victorian Greens State Spokesperson on arts & heritage; climate change; gay and lesbian rights; industrial relations; marine; party issues; and transport, ports and freight. Pennicuik is a member of Greenpeace, Earthcare St Kilda, Esplanade Alliance, the Australian East Timor Association, and Friends of the ABC.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Martin, Merran", "Entry ID": "AWE2741", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/martin-merran\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Merran Martin has taught English to migrants and refugees in Canberra since 1985. From 1973-75 she worked in the Department of Immigration teaching English in a migrant hostel, as a shipboard education officer, and in its Migrant Education Section in Canberra. Fluent in French and German from childhood she also taught English in Europe in the early 1970s. She is currently Education, Placement and Referral Officer, Special Preparatory Program Manager and Home Tutor Scheme Coordinator in the Adult Migrant English Program at the Canberra Institute of Technology.\n", "Details": "Merran Martin was born on 6 February 1948 in Canberra, the daughter of Les Smith and Mauva Carney, whose ancestors had been pioneer settlers in the district. Her father served in the Navy during the war before joining the Commonwealth Public Service, becoming one of the founding officers of the Department of Immigration upon its formation in 1945. Merran was educated at St Patrick's primary school in Canberra before attending a French school and the International School in Geneva for three years when her father was posted to the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration in 1958. She returned to Canberra in 1961, fluent in French and German, and completed her high-school education at Canberra Catholic Girl's High School, Braddon, now know as Merici College.\nOn leaving school, Merran trained at Sydney Teachers College and taught languages in NSW high schools for three years. From 1971-72 she travelled in Europe, teaching English and learning Italian in Rome. On her return to Australia she completed a degree in modern languages at the University of New England, and joined the Department of Immigration teaching migrants and refugees at the Endeavour Hostel Coogee, NSW, before undertaking a voyage as a shipboard education officer in 1974. On her return to Canberra she worked in the Migrant Education Section of the Department of Immigration, resigning in 1975 to raise her four children.\nAfter completing further training in English as a second language at Canberra College of Advanced Education, Merran taught English to migrants at Bruce TAFE from 1985 to 1988, when she joined a commercial firm teaching English to international students. She returned to teaching at the ACT TAFE (now the Canberra Institute of Technology) in 1991 where she taught newly arrived students and initiated a program of English tutorials for traumatised refugees at TRANSACT, now known as Companion House. Merran is currently Education, Placement and Referral Officer, Special Preparatory Program Manager and Home Tutor Scheme Coordinator in the Adult Migrant English Program at the Canberra Institute of Technology, and intends to retire at the end of 2007.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merran-martin-interviewed-by-ann-mari-jordens-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ronksley-Pavia, Michelle", "Entry ID": "AWE2743", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ronksley-pavia-michelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sheffield, Yorkshire, England", "Occupations": "Artist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Michelle Ronksley-Pavia is one of Australia's emerging scientific artists. Born in England, she has lived in various parts of the United Kingdom and Europe. She studied for eight years in Belgium, where she attended the State-operated Ecole des Beaux Arts in Brussels. Whilst in Europe she was greatly influenced by the works of the Impressionists and the Belgian Surrealist painter, Rene Magritte.\nRonksley-Pavia emigrated and took up Australian Citizenship in 1992. She attended the University of Western Sydney and continued with postgraduate study in Visual Arts. Here she was drawn to the work of artists like James Gleeson and Brett Whiteley. Ronksley-Pavia exhibited widely and joined the National Association for the Visual Arts. The influence of the Association saw her career begin to flourish.\n", "Details": "Initially, Ronksley-Pavia's artwork delved into the human unconscious using scientific subject matter with overtones of religious and particularly ethical questions in connection with DNA cloning, inequalities and racial issues. She became increasingly interested in the mixing of science and art; in Karl Jung's archetypes of the collective unconscious; and in symbolism.\nDuring the early 21st Century she has moved to a more symbolic perspective, exploring inequalities in the new century. Her work centres on the use of bottle tops on which she paints intricate miniatures: often elements of the human body, blood cells, nerve cells and DNA structures. The human condition both internal and external feeds her paintings to produce art work which explores what makes us human. Like the viscera of painting, human bodies involve complexities of thoughts, actions and emotions mixed with chemical make-up of cells. These cells are incorporated into the bottle top images and attached using wire onto a painted canvas background. The painted bottle tops symbolise the microcosms of life within life; cells, growing and changing. The wire represents connections both internal and external, within human psyche and physical beings.\nHer recent works comment on the simplicity and complexity of the human internal form: the origin of all humans, no matter their culture, religion, skin colour or politics. Ronksley-Pavia's work is firmly entrenched in her belief that all life begins the same way; that the beginning of human life contains all of the genetic information (DNA) necessary to become a human; that genetic material may vary but the formation of cells occurs in the same way worldwide. She believes that any differentiation after birth is made by society.\nRonksley-Pavia ran into controversy in 2000 when she submitted her entry for the Archibald Prize - a portrait of NSW Police Commissioner Peter Ryan - to the Art Gallery of New South Wales. The controversy centred on the amount of time the Police Commissioner was giving to having his portrait painted as opposed to solving crime problems in the notorious troubled ethnic areas of Sydney. Sydney newspaper The Daily Telegraph published an article questioning the Commissioner's commitment.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-title\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-title-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-title-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-title-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-title-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-whos-who-of-australian-visual-artists\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-michelle-ronksley-pavia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adams, Glenda Emilie", "Entry ID": "AWE2767", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adams-glenda-emilie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ryde, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "East Redfern, New South Wales", "Occupations": "Author, Novelist, Teacher", "Summary": "Glenda Adams was a Sydney-born and educated novelist and short-story writer. She studied journalism at Columbia University in New York, where she subsequently taught creative writing. During the 1980s she was writer-in-residence at a number of Australian universities before returning to Australia in 1990 to teach creative writing at the University of Technology, Sydney. Her MA writing program there became the model for successful postgraduate writing programs across Australia. Her novels Dancing on Coral (1987) and Longleg (1990) won a number of major Australian literary prizes. She died in Sydney in 2007.\n", "Details": "Glenda Emilie Adams was born at Ryde, NSW, daughter of Elvie and Leonard Felton. Educated at Fort Street Primary School and Sydney Girl's High, she became the first B.A. Honours graduate from the University of Sydney's newly-established Department of Indonesian and Malayan Studies in 1962. After two years travelling in Indonesia as a graduate student on a small scholarship, she returned to the University of Sydney to teach Indonesian. In 1964 she studied journalism at Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism, New York, graduating with a Masters degree in 1965. She subsequently worked as an Associate Director of the Teachers and Writers Collaborative, New York, a non profit organization that sent writers into New York City public schools to work with teachers to help improve children's writing skills through creative work. She also became a news writer on the radio desk at Associated Press, New York, Press Officer at the United Nations, a freelance writer and editor in Brussels and New York, and from 1976 taught part-time fiction writing workshops at Columbia University, New York City, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY and at Brooklyn College, City University of New York.\nGlenda married Californian political scientist, Gordon Adams, in 1967. They subsequently divorced. Her first short story collection, Lies and Stories, was published in 1976 and her first novel, Games of the Strong, in 1982. In the 1980s she made periodic visits to Australia during which she was writer-in-residence at the University of Adelaide (1980), the University of Western Australia (1980), Macquarie University, Sydney, (1981 and 1988) and the University of Western Sydney (1988). She returned to live in Sydney in 1990 to teach fiction writing full time at the University of Technology, Sydney, where her MA writing program became the model for successful postgraduate writing programs across Australia. She established the first Australian Association of Writing Programs conference in 1996 and was a member of the Australian Society of Authors and the Australian Writers Guild. Her publications include short stories, novels and plays, and she has also written for television.\nGlenda Adams received a number of Australia Council Grants and a Literature Board Fellowship in 1994. She won the Miles Franklin Award and a NSW State Premier's Award in 1987 for her novel Dancing on Coral, and the Age Book of the Year Award and the National Book Council Award for fiction for her 1990 novel Longleg. In 1998 her first play, The Monkey Trap, was commissioned and performed in Sydney at the Griffin Theatre.\nAdams retired as Associate Professor at the UTS in 2003 to devote herself to writing. She died in Sydney on 11 July 2007 and is survived by her daughter Caitlin.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/glenda-adams-manuscript-collection-1965-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portraits-of-glenda-adams-1990-picture-alec-bolton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/glenda-adams-author-of-dancing-on-coral-guest-speaker-at-literary-luncheon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-glenda-adams-1982-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-glenda-adams-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-drusilla-modjeska-1959-2006-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/5775-brisbane-writers-centre-records-1995-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-rosemary-dobson-1923-2004-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmel-bird-manuscript-collection-1983-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0131-word-festival-canberra-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-peter-porter-circa-1947-2010-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cross, Zora Bernice May", "Entry ID": "AWE2782", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cross-zora-bernice-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Author, Journalist, Poet, Print journalist, Teacher", "Summary": "Zora Cross was, among other things, a poet and author of children's verse. She wrote for the Brisbane Daily Mail as a freelance journalist, and was drama critic for the magazines Green Room and the Lone Hand.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Australian-born parents, accountant Ernest William Cross and his wife Mary Louisa Eliza Ann (n\u00e9e Skyring), Zora Cross was educated in Sydney from 1905. She began work as a primary school teacher, but left the profession to give birth to a daughter who died as an infant. She married actor Stuart Smith in 1911, but insisted upon living separately. The marriage was dissolved in 1922. Zora gave birth to a son, Norman Garvin, in 1914, after a 'mysterious love affair' (ADB), and later had two daughters - Davidina and April - to her de facto husband, Bulletin 'Red Page' editor David McKee Wright. The eldest, Davidina, predeceased her mother in 1941.\nZora's first book of poems, A Song of Mother Love, was published in Brisbane in 1916. That same year she attempted publication of her first novel, on an Aboriginal theme, but was unsuccessful. In 1917 she published a second collection of poetry, Songs of Love and Life, comprising sixty love sonnets: 'the first sustained expression in Australian poetry of erotic experience from a woman's point of view' (ADB). A number of poems were published in the Bulletin. The Lilt of Life, published in 1918, ran along similar lines, but the inspiration behind the poems - Zora's relationship with David Wright, who had four sons to Margaret Fane - was the stuff of scandal. Zora also wrote verse for children, including The City of Riddle-mee-ree in 1918, and Elegy on an Australian Schoolboy, in memory of her soldier brother, in 1921.\nWhen David Wright died suddenly in 1928, Zora supported herself and her three children by working as a freelance journalist (particularly for the Brisbane Daily Mail), teacher of elocution, actor and drama critic. She attempted to write a trilogy of novels on a Roman theme, but never completed the work. She died of heart disease in the home she had shared with Wright at Glenbrook, in the Blue Mountains, and was buried at Emu Plains.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1930 - 1960)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-city-of-riddle-me-ree\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daughters-of-the-seven-mile-the-love-story-of-an-australian-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elegy-on-an-australian-schoolboy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lilt-of-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/songs-of-love-and-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hectic-age\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cross-zora-bernice-may-1890-1964\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1800-1936-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kenihan, Kerry", "Entry ID": "AWE2885", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kenihan-kerry\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Kerry Kenihan worked as a primary school teacher before turning to journalism, a career she has followed for over thirty years. She was at one time women's editor of the Melbourne Sunday Observer and chief sub-editor of New Idea. In the 1970s Kenihan was a prolific writer of short stories, many of them romances, which she published under various pseudonyms. Since then she has worked freelance, writing both general news and features on topics including medicine, food and wine, and women's issues.\nHer second son, Quentin, was born in 1975 with severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which meant that his bones were as brittle as eggshell. With her husband Kenihan founded the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation to assist families afflicted with this condition. Their experiences in caring for Quentin and helping him to overcome the difficulties resulting from his OI led her to write the bookHow to be the Parents of a Handicapped Child - and Survive (1981), and in 1985 when Quentin was ten she wrote his story.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1960 - 1990)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/quentin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/how-to-be-the-parents-of-a-handicapped-child-and-survive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/austlit-the-australian-literature-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Perger, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE2962", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perger-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Community activist, Public servant, Teacher", "Summary": "Margaret Perger stood as a candidate for the Australian Greens Party in the seat of Bega in the Legislative Assembly at the New South Wales state election, which was held on 24 March 2007.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sacco, Michele", "Entry ID": "AWE2970", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sacco-michele\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Michele Sacco stood as a candidate for the Australian Greens Party in the seat of Strathfield in the Legislative Assembly at the New South Wales state election, which was held on 24 March 2007.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wynn, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE2990", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wynn-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Sue Wynn stood as a candidate for the Australian Greens Party in the seat of Swansea in the Legislative Assembly at the New South Wales state election, which was held on 24 March 2007.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/putting-skirts-on-the-sacred-benches-women-candidates-for-the-new-south-wales-parliament-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mayer, Helen", "Entry ID": "AWE3103", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mayer-helen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kaniva, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Helen Mayer was elected to the House of Representatives of the Federal Parliament of Australia as the Member for Chisholm in Victoria in 1983. A member of the Australian Labor Party she served until 1987 when she was defeated at the General election. She died in 2008.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zakharov, Alice Olive", "Entry ID": "AWE3104", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zakharov-alice-olive\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Olive Zakharov was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia in 1983 as a representative for Victoria. A member of the Australian Labor Party, she served until her death in 1995.\n", "Details": "The Hansard record of the proceedings in the Australian Senate on the afternoon after the death of Alice Olive Zakharov nee Hay consists entirely of the condolences, delivered over more than two hours. The tributes delivered in the House of Representatives also filled an entire sitting.[1]\nA graduate in Arts (1971) from the University, qualified teacher and member of the Australian Psychological Society, Olive Zakharov had, during her early years worked as a pathology assistant, mail officer, shop assistant, waitress and fruit-picker. She brought up three children as a single mother from the time her youngest child began school, becoming the Student Welfare Co-ordinator at Montmorency Secondary College in 1969.\nOlive Zakharov had been active in the Australian Labor Party for many years before standing for the Senate in 1983, when she was elected, despite being placed fifth on the Party ticket. She was, until 1993, one of only two Victorian women in the Senate. The tributes paid on her death refer to her dedication not only to causes but to the individuals they affect: the Commonwealth car drivers and the staff of Members and Senators reflect this. They specifically asked for their condolences to be registered in the parliamentary record.\nSenator Zakharov's concerns were wide-ranging and consistent: they were issues concerned with social equality. She was active in initiatives on sexual discrimination, sexual harassment, domestic violence and HIV\/AIDS. She was a member of the Campaign for International Cooperation and Disarmament and of World Women Parliamentarians for Peace. Her longstanding commitment to peace led to her being appointed to represent Australia as a delegate to the 1987 Vienna Peace Conference. The following year in the USSR she witnessed the first destruction of a nuclear missile as the representative of Australian pacifists. She chaired a number of committees, most notably the Senate Standing Committee on Employment, Education and Training, and served on many others, including the Committees on Community Affairs, Environment, Recreation and the Arts. Perhaps most ironically, in view of that organisation's interest in her own and her husband's political activities at the University, she was a member of the Joint Committee on ASIO.\nA memorial at the corner of Liardet and Lalor Streets, Port Melbourne celebrates her life.[2]\n[1] Australia. Parliament. House of Representatives. 'Condolences: Zakharov, Senator Alice Olive'. Hansard. 7 March 1995: 1657-1678; Australian. Parliament. Senate. 'Condolences: Senator Alice Olive Zakharov'. Hansard. 7 March 1995: 1443-1468.\n[2] http:\/\/monumentaustralia.org.au\/search\/display\/93967-olive-zakharov\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/olive-zakharov-senator-for-victoria-alp-1983-1995\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-senator-olive-zakharov\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Vamvakinou, Maria", "Entry ID": "AWE3108", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vamvakinou-maria\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lefkada, Greece", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Maria Vamvakinou was elected to the House of Representatives of the Parliament of Australia as the Member for Calwell in 2001. A member of the Australian Labor Party, she was re-elected at the elections which were held in 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Geradts, Karin", "Entry ID": "AWE3239", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geradts-karin\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Karin Geradts stood as a candidate for the Australian Greens Party in the Legislative Assembly seat of Broadmeadows at the Victorian state election, which was held on 30 November 2002. She stood again unsuccessfully at the 2006 election as the Greens candidate in the seat of Yan Yean.\n", "Details": "Karin Geradts lives in Hurstbridge and is a primary school teacher. She is committed to conserving the natural environment and is a member of the Cottlesbridge Landcare and the Green Wedge Protection Group.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bray, Hilary", "Entry ID": "AWE3302", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bray-hilary\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Hilary Bray stood as a candidate for the Australian Greens Party in the Legislative Council Province of Chelsea at the Victorian state election, which was held on 30 November 2002. She was a candidate again for the Australian Greens in the Legislative Assembly seat of Cranbourne at the state election, which was held on 25 September 2006. She has been employed as a secondary school teacher in the state system since 1990.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carrying-on-the-fight-women-candidates-in-victorian-parliamentary-elections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jackson, Alice Mabel", "Entry ID": "AWE3521", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jackson-alice-mabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ulmarra, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Journalist, Print journalist, Teacher", "Summary": "Alice Jackson was a journalist and editor who was on the staff of the Australian Women's Weekly from its inception in 1933. Prior to working for the AWW, she enjoyed stints on Smith's Weekly and the Sydney Daily Telegraph. She was formally appointed editor of the AWW in 1939 - the first woman editor of the magazine which, by then, had an all female hierarchy. She is credited with establishing the national distribution system that made the AWW so attractive to advertisers.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1920 - 1950)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jackson-alice-mabel-1887-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Evans, Henrietta Matilda Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE3685", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/evans-henrietta-matilda-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Peckham Park, Surrey, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia", "Occupations": "Novelist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Matilda Evans arrived in Adelaide with her family in 1851. Her first novel, Marian, or the Light of Someone's Home was completed in 1861 while Evans was working as a governess near Mt Barker. After the death of her husband, Ephraim Evans, she opened a school at Angaston and resumed writing novels. Her works, which always had religious and temperance themes, included Vermont Vale: or Home Pictures in Australia (1866), Emily's Choice: An Australian Tale (1867), Minnie's Mission: an Australian Temperance Tale (1869) and Golden Gifts (1869). Evans opened Angaston House in North Adelaide in 1868. A collected edition of her fourteen novels was republished several times.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/all-her-labours-third-women-and-labour-conference-adelaide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vermont-vale-or-home-pictures-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beatrice-meltons-discipline\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/emilys-choice-an-australian-tale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-gifts-an-australian-tale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/halls-vineyard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/into-the-light\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johns-wife\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/little-mercy-or-for-better-for-worse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marian-or-the-light-of-someones-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minnies-mission-an-australian-temperance-tale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-longer-a-child\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silken-cords-and-iron-fetters-an-australian-tale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-christmas-annual-1881-containing-tales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/evans-matilda-jane-1827-1886\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fewings, Eliza Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE3687", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fewings-eliza-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bristol, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Bristol, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom", "Occupations": "Headmistress, Teacher", "Summary": "Eliza Fewings was appointed Headmistress of the Brisbane Girls' Grammar School in 1896. Her dismissal from the position in 1899 after accusations of incompetence by the second mistress, Maud Sellers, led to a great deal of public protest. Fewings opened her own school, the Brisbane State High School for Girls (Somerville House), in October 1899. By 1903 it was the largest girls' school in Queensland.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-somerville-house-the-brisbane-high-school-for-girls-1899-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fewings-eliza-ann-1857-1941\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harwood, Marian Fleming", "Entry ID": "AWE3697", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harwood-marian-fleming\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Bellevue Hill Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Peace activist, Philanthropist, Teacher", "Summary": "Marian Harwood was a committed member of the New South Wales branch of the Peace Society, becoming vice-president in 1913. She founded the journal Pax in 1912, and established a library of peace literature. Harwood funded the Sydney office of the Peace Society and offered prizes to children in state secondary schools for essays on peace. She also gave money to several Sydney hospitals and children's homes. Marian Harwood had a strong interest in feminist organisations. She wrote several monographs on subjects that ranged from the life of Rose Scott, to the success or otherwise of international peace conferences, and to the study and performance of Shakespeare's plays.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harwood-marian-fleming-1846-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-growth-and-decline-of-a-liberal-anti-war-movement-in-australia-1905-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-conferences-at-home-and-abroad-with-some-general-news-about-the-peace-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hope-of-europe-and-some-thoughts-which-it-awakened\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shakespeare-cult-in-germany-from-the-sixteenth-century-to-the-present-time\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reminiscences-of-the-late-miss-rose-scott-as-founder-president-and-life-long-friend-of-the-peace-society-new-south-wales-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Murdoch, Madoline (Nina)", "Entry ID": "AWE3735", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murdoch-madoline-nina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "North Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Camberwell, Victoria", "Occupations": "Journalist, Print journalist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "After winning a Bulletin prize in 1913 for a sonnet about Canberra, Nina Murdoch published a book of verse, Songs of the Open Air. She was one of the first women general reporters at the Sydney Sun, and from 1922 was working in Melbourne at the Sun News-Pictorial using the pen-name 'Manin'. She was the first woman permitted to cover Senate debates. In 1930, Murdoch published Seventh Heaven, a Joyous Discovery of Europe, based on her own travels. Another book, She Travelled Alone in Spain, followed five years later. Her last book, Portrait in Youth of Sir John Longstaff, was published in 1948.\n", "Events": "Career in journalism active (1920 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murdoch-madoline-nina-1891-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/songs-of-the-open-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seventh-heaven\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-songs-of-the-open-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-miss-emily-a-tale-in-which-the-heroine-from-birmingham-is-invited-to-a-french-wedding-upsets-another-and-is-responsible-for-a-third\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/she-travelled-alone-in-spain\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tyrolean-june-a-summer-holiday-in-austrian-tyrol\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vagrant-in-summer-holiday-memories-of-nine-european-towns\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-in-youth-of-sir-john-longstaff\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Payne-Scott, Ruby Violet", "Entry ID": "AWE3750", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/payne-scott-ruby-violet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Grafton, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Physicist, Teacher", "Summary": "Ruby Scott was assistant physicist in the Physics Department at the University of Sydney, then a teacher at Woodlands Church of England Grammar School, before the outbreak of WWII. Post-war, she worked as a radio engineer with Amalgamated Wireless Australasia. After the birth of her son she became a science teacher at Danebank Anglican School for Girls, where she established a Science Department.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woodcock, Lucy", "Entry ID": "AWE3763", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodcock-lucy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New South Wales", "Death Place": "New South Wales", "Occupations": "Feminist, Teacher, Trade unionist, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Lucy Woodcock was a founding member of the New South Wales Teachers' Federation in 1919, and became president of the Australian Teachers' Federation in 1932. A trade unionist and a feminist, she also gained a favourable reputation as a humanitarian worker during the depression years. Woodcock helped to found the Australia-China Society and hosted a meeting in April 1956 that led to the establishment of the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/50-years-of-feminist-achievement-a-history-of-the-united-associations-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodcock-lucy-godiva-1889-1968\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sutherland, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE3772", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutherland-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New York, United States", "Death Place": "Kew Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Teacher", "Summary": "Jane Sutherland arrived in Sydney with her family in 1864. She studied at the National Gallery School of Design, and held a number of exhibitions from 1878. Sutherland was a leader in the movement away from the nineteenth-century tradition of studio art, and toward the plein-air style, sketching directly from nature.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutherland-jane-1853-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1891-womens-suffrage-petition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-suffrage-petition-1891\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Johnson, Florence Ethel", "Entry ID": "AWE3784", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnson-florence-ethel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Political candidate, Teacher, Unionist", "Summary": "Florence Johnson, a teacher and active unionist, stood as an Independent Labor candidate in the Legislative Assembly seat of St Kilda at the Victorian state election, which was held on 9 April 1927.\n", "Details": "Florence Johnson began her teaching career as a pupil teacher at the South Preston State School in 1900. An excellent teacher, she was appointed head of Arcadia South State School in 1906. An active unionist she joined the Victorian Lady Teachers' Association in 1908, helped form the Victorian Women Teachers' Association in 1917 and was elected president. When the Lady Teachers' Association merged with the Women Teachers' Association in December of that year, she was elected vice-president.\nHer organisational skills were acknowledged when she left her teaching position to become became secretary of the Victorian State Service Federation and campaigned for equal pay for women teachers in addition to improved conditions for members of the Mental Hospital Nurses' Association and for female typists and clerks in the public service. In March 1921 she resigned to become Assistant secretary of the Victorian State Teachers' Union and remained in that position until March 1924 when she became paid secretary of the reformed Women Teachers' Association.\nIn 1927 with a colleague she formed the Victorian Federation of Mothers' Clubs. After her unsuccessful attempt to stand for parliament she resumed her teaching career.\nShe died in Malvern of mitral valve disease in November 1934.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/johnson-florence-ethel-1884-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-ethel-johnson-the-forgotten-feminist\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Golding, Annie Mackenzie", "Entry ID": "AWE3952", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golding-annie-mackenzie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tambaroora, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Feminist, Suffragist, Teacher", "Summary": "A devout Catholic, Annie Golding was president of the Women's Progressive Association in Sydney from 1904. She lobbied for equal pay for women, and equal opportunity in the work force.\n", "Details": "Annie Golding was the eldest daughter of Joseph Golding, a gold-miner from Galway, Ireland, and his wife Ann (nee Fraser). She began teaching near Bathurst, New South Wales, and gained further experience at a number of Catholic schools in Newtown and Sydney, as well as at the Asylum for Destitute Children in Randwick. Golding was mistress in charge at West Leichhardt (Orange Grove) Public School from 1900, retiring in 1915. Throughout her teaching career, she was active in the Teachers' Association of New South Wales, the Public School Teachers' Institute and the New South Wales Public School Teachers' Association.\nWith her sisters, Belle Golding and Kate Dwyer, Annie was a member of the Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales before her Newtown branch was expelled for defiance of the central council in Woollahra. With friends and fellow Labor supporters, Annie and her sisters formed the Women's Progressive Association with Annie as president from 1904. The Association lobbied for equal pay and the equality of women before the law, with a particular focus on education and employment conditions for women. Annie Golding became a member of the State Children Relief Board in 1911.\nGolding was a powerful orator. Speaking to the Australasian Catholic Congress in 1909, she announced that 'the industrial, social, and moral development of a nation may be judged by the position of its women. In all decadent nations women are in a state of bondage or intellectual atrophy; regarded as slave or puppet.' She strongly endorsed the philosophy of equal pay for equal work.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/proceedings-of-the-third-australasian-catholic-congress-held-at-st-marys-cathedral-sydney-26th-september-1909\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/proceedings-of-the-second-australasian-catholic-congress-held-in-the-cathedral-hall-melbourne-october-24th-to-31st-1904\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uphill-all-the-way-a-documentary-history-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golding-annie-mackenzie-1855-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aspinall-family-papers-1903-1908\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/suffrage-group-1902\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-annie-golding\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gibb, Phyllis Annie Constance", "Entry ID": "AWE3991", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gibb-phyllis-annie-constance\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Phyllis Gibb was the first teacher at the School of the Air in Broken Hill, New South Wales.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Charles W.J. Scurr and Ann Graham, Phyllis was educated at the Fort Street Girls' High School in Sydney and graduated from Teachers' College. She taught at the Child Welfare Department Homes in Glebe, Sydney, before marrying Malcolm Gibb, a Presbyterian minister, in 1935. The Gibbs lived at Moree and Cessnock before moving to Broken Hill. After some time conducting a popular Radio Sunday School on 2BH, Phyllis was appointed first principal of the Broken Hill School of the Air when it opened on 23 February 1956. Using transceiver sets, over 80 students tuned in from remote areas covering 700 square miles. On-air classes took place twice a day, three days a week and lessons in music, drama and speech were offered in addition to the regular school subjects. Phyllis Gibb continued her work until 1964, when she retired to Melbourne after forty years of teaching.\nPhyllis Gibb was awarded the MBE in 1963 for services to education. She was survived by her daughter Jeanie.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/school-of-the-air-initiated\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/educational-air-waves\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/school-of-the-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/classrooms-a-world-apart-the-story-of-the-founding-of-the-broken-hill-school-of-the-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gibb-phyllis\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harris, Kit", "Entry ID": "AWE3997", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harris-kit\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Dancer, Teacher, Typist", "Summary": "As a small child, Kitty Lund entertained the Broken Hill community with her acting and dancing performances on the local stage. In later life, as Kit Harris, she published two popular books on handcrafts.\n", "Details": "Kitty Lund was the only child of Clara Ellen and George Lund. Her father was a mine worker and Kit was born and raised in Broken Hill, New South Wales. At the age of seven she began dancing lessons with Lena Atkinson, and before long was gracing the stage of the Crystal Theatre in minor roles such as Tootles in Peter Pan. She went on to star in Alice in Fashion Land (1935), Let's Pretend (1936), Motley (1937), Brown Boy (1938), and The Sparklers (1939). She attended the first Juvenile Ball and the Golden Jubilee of the Sisters of Mercy, and hosted the Shirley Temple Look-Alike Competition in 1936. At the regular mining company picnics in Silverton, Kit would dance to the bagpipes in the Irish dancing championships. She was friendly with Dorothy Dickson, who went on to work as an actress in London.\nKit finished her studies at St Joseph's Convent before attending the Convent Business College to learn shorthand, typing and bookkeeping. She found employment with Mr E.R. Hudson, solicitor, and later at the Grand Hotel in Broken Hill. In 1946 she married Fred Harris, a foreman for the Zinc Corporation.\nFred and Kit Harris had three sons, though just one - David - survived infancy. Their twin boys are commemorated with a plaque in the Broken Hill Children's Cemetery.\nKit Harris went on to teach handcraft at the Broken Hill High School and the Adult Education Programme. She published her first book, Handcrafts, in 1972.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/handcrafts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carl, Annie", "Entry ID": "AWE4015", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carl-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tipperary, Ireland", "Death Place": "Silverton, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Publican, Teacher", "Summary": "Annie Carl operated the 'Travellers Rest' lodging house in Silverton, New South Wales. She was one of the first teachers in the town.\n", "Details": "Annie Walsh migrated to Australia with her parents, Mathew Walsh and Frances Ann (nee Kennedy), on the Victory in March 1854. Theirs was a large family. Annie moved to South Australia with her sisters, one of whom - Elizabeth - married George Miller in 1869. Miller was licensee of the Menindee Hotel, and offered employment there to Annie and another sister, Jane. On 26 June 1877, Annie married Charles Carl, known in the district as German Charlie.\nCharles and Annie Carl became licensees of the Small Thorns Hotel at Mt Gipps in 1877 and remained there for four years before moving to Silverton, where Charles built the Nevada Hotel. The Carls had five children: William (born 1878), Julia (born 1879), Wilhemina Margaret (born 1881), Jullian (1883) and Geraldine Ann (born 1887). Only William and Wilhemina survived infancy. \nCharles Carl died in 1904. In Silverton, Annie ran the Travellers Rest lodging house, helped with community projects, and held evening classes to teach illiterate adults to read and write.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silverton-a-brief-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kanck, Sandra", "Entry ID": "AWE4020", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kanck-sandra\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Democrats, Sandra Kanck was elected to the Legislative Council of the Parliament of South Australia at the election, which was held on 11 December 1993. She remained in the Parliament until January 2009.\n", "Events": "Chair of the Task Force of the South Australian Voluntary Euthanasia Society (1988 - 1998) \nMember of the Executive of the SA Council for Civil Liberties (2008 - ) \nNational President of Sustainable Population Australia (2009 - ) \nState President of Friends of the ABC (S.A) (2009 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-politics-a-forum-in-the-centenary-year-of-womens-suffrage-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-sandra-kanck-sound-recording-interviewer-alison-mcdougall\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fox, Chlo\u00eb", "Entry ID": "AWE4044", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fox-chloe\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Chlo\u00eb Fox was elected to the House of Assembly of the Parliament of South Australia to represent the electorate of Bright at the election, which was held on 18 March 2006. She made her first attempt to enter Parliament was in 2004 when she stood in the seat of Boothby at the federal election. She was re-elected in 2010.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Arnold, Ellen", "Entry ID": "AWE4071", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arnold-ellen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Aston, Warwickshire, England", "Death Place": "Ataikola, East Bengal, India", "Occupations": "Missionary, Teacher", "Summary": "Ellen Arnold was the first missionary to serve with an Australian Baptist missionary society.\n", "Details": "Ellen Arnold migrated with her family to Adelaide, South Australia, in 1879. Her father was Alfred Arnold, a jeweller and Congregational lay preacher. Ellen joined the Flinders Street Baptist Church and trained at Adelaide Teachers' College in 1880. After a brief teaching stint, she applied to the South Australian Baptist Missionary Society and departed for Faridpur, India, in October 1882. She and her friend Marie Gilbert were the society's first Australian workers. Arnold returned to Australia to convalesce in 1884, but was back in Bengal by 1885 with four new female recruits for the society. She supervised medical, educational and building projects before shifting to Comilla in 1886 on behalf of the New South Wales Baptist Missionary Society. In 1892, Arnold moved to Pabna where she spent a good portion of her life preaching and setting up schools and dispensaries in the villages of Atailkola and Bera. She played an active part in forming the East Bengal Baptist Union. In 1919 she declined to accept the Kaiser-I-Hind medal for public service in India. After a brief return to Australia in 1930, Arnold returned to Ataikola where she continued her voluntary work until her death in 1931.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arnold-ellen-1858-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-dictionary-of-evangelical-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barker, Jane Sophia", "Entry ID": "AWE4072", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barker-jane-sophia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "England", "Death Place": "Randwick, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Evangelist, Teacher", "Summary": "Jane Barker established St Catherine's Anglican boarding school for girls at Waverley, New South Wales.\n", "Details": "Jane Barker was the wife of Bishop Frederic Barker. Growing up, she was greatly influenced by her father, Irishman John Harden, her mother, and her pious aunt Agnes Ranken. Jane ran the family home after her mother's death, and married Frederic Barker - then vicar of the Liverpool parish of Edge Hill - when she was in her mid-thirties. They arrived in Australia in 1855 following Barker's invitation to be second bishop for the See of Sydney. Jane travelled widely with her husband and established an Anglican boarding school for girls, St Catherine's, at Waverley. She served on various ladies' committees and taught at the Randwick Sunday School.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-dictionary-of-evangelical-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lees, Meg Heather", "Entry ID": "AWE4080", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lees-meg-heather\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Originally a member of the Australian Democrats Party, Meg Lees served as a Senator for South Australia in the Senate of the Parliament of Australia from 1990 until 2002, when she left the party to sit as an Independent. She was elected leader of the Party in 1997 and played an influential role in the introduction of a Goods and Service Tax in Australia in 2000. Lees was defeated for the Party leadership by Senator Stott Despoja in 2001. In 2003 Lees formed the Australian Progressive Alliance but lost her seat at the 2004 federal election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/striking-a-fair-balance-in-industrial-relations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-meg-lees-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/john-anderson-bob-carr-sir-gordon-samuels-evelyn-scott-sir-william-deane-john-howard-sir-gustav-nossal-kim-beazley-and-meg-lees-members-of-the-council-for-aboriginal-reconciliation-at-corrobor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-senator-meg-lees\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLean, Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4106", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mclean-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Malvern, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Suffragist, Teacher, Temperance activist, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Margaret McLean, a founding member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria in 1887, became Melbourne's foremost advocate of votes for women.\nAn active and well-known feminist, Margaret McLean was the first person to sign the Women's Suffrage petition. She signed the petition as Mrs. William McLean, possibly to indicate the support of her husband, who was an influential Melbourne businessman.\nDespite receiving little recognition for her feminist activities, Margaret McLean was a strong political force for women's rights in Melbourne throughout her life.\n", "Details": "Born in Ayrshire, Scotland in 1845, Margaret was the eldest child of Andrew Arnot, builder and carpenter, and his wife Agnes. The family migrated to Melbourne in 1849 where her father became treasurer of the Melbourne Total Abstinence Society.\nMargaret became a teacher at the United Methodist Free Church School, Fitzroy in 1859 and as such, was one of the first trained teachers in Melbourne. She attended the Melbourne Training Institution for teachers from 1862-64, and worked as an assistant at Sa range of voluntary work, including visiting gaols, courts, and public houses, spending whole nights in slum areas, endeavouring to assist and protect young women.\nMargaret Arnot married William McLean, a hardware merchant on 10 March 1869 in Fitzroy. They later built and lived in Torloisk, East Melbourne. She was baptised by the Rev. James Taylor at the Collins Street Baptist Church in 1866. Her husband died some years before she did, in 1905.\nMargaret McLean became the founding President of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) of Victoria in 1887. She was the first president of the Melbourne Branch of the WCTU, and was the acting president and president of WCTU Victoria from 1891-1893 and again from 1899-1907. During these twelve years she travelled extensively throughout Victoria working for the WCTU.\nHer pamphlets Womanhood Suffrage (1890) and its sequel More about womanhood suffrage were circulated widely. She was instrumental in organising the Victorian Women's Petition for the franchise, presented to parliament in 1891. The petition had 30,000 signatures, gained over 10 weeks, and Margaret McLean was the first person to sign it.\nIn 1893 the WCTU made a plea for equal pay for women.\nMargaret McLean led a delegation to the Chief Commissioner of Police urging the appointment of women police and facilities for women at lock-ups. This was after learning that about 40 women were arrested each week as a result of protests against the prevalence of 'sweating' and a call for female factory inspectors.\nIn 1900, she was the Australian delegate to the World's WCTU Convention in Edinburgh, Scotland, where she also conducted a service in St Giles' Cathedral.\nIn March 1902, seeking the support of a wider constituency, she moved the resolution which began the National Council of Women in Victoria. This organisation, with the WCTU, pressed for women's suffrage, juvenile courts, police matrons and other reforms, including raising the age of consent.\nShe was appointed honorary life president of the WCTU in 1907 in recognition of her long and distinguished service to the organisation. This decision was made by a special resolution at the 1907 Convention of the WCTU.\n1908 the right to vote was granted to women, and the age of consent was raised from 12 to 16 years.\nIn retirement, Margaret continued to work for temperance, social reform and the Baptist Church. All photographs taken of Margaret McLean show her wearing a white ribbon tied in a bow, the badge adopted by the WCTU to symbolise purity.\nMargaret McLean died in Malvern on 14 February 1923, survived by eight of her eleven children. Six of her daughters' lives reflected aspects of their mother's career. Only Eva (1886-1968) and Jessie (1888-1964), a graphic artist, led domestic lives. Ethel (1873-1940) was head of staff at Lauriston Girls' School, Melbourne. Winifred Lucie (1877-1944) was a nurse, Hilda (1879-1938) was a Baptist missionary in India, and Alice (1884-1949; Dr Alice Barber) graduated in medicine in 1906 and was a missionary in India for many years. Dr Barber also helped to run the Women's Hospital, Melbourne, during World War I and later practised psychotherapy, making an influential contribution to its establishment in Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mclean-margaret-1845-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-social-reformer-in-the-series-our-pioneers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-william-mclean-of-east-melbourne\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Darling, Elaine Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4107", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/darling-elaine-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of a stong Australian Labor Party family, Elaine Darling was the first woman from Queensland to be elected to the House of Representatives in the Australian Parliament in 1980. She was the fifth woman elected to the House of Representatives, and the second female Labor member of that House. She represented the electorate of Lilley until her retirement in 1993.\nWhen Elaine Darling first arrived in parliament in 1980, as one of three women elected, the custom was still to refer to parliamentarians as a collective as 'The Honourable Gentlemen of the House.' When the Speaker of the House, Billy Sneddon, called the House to order, he asked the Honourable Gentlemen to sit. Elaine Darling remained standing and, when asked to explain herself, said 'Mr. Speaker, I am no gentleman'. That custom changed, and slowly, progressively, others did too.\n", "Details": "Elaine Darling was educated at the University of Queensland before becoming a teacher. She rose to the role of assistant to the Director of the Brisbane Kindergarten Training College.\nHer father, Jack Melloy, was a long serving member of the Australian Labor Party and member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland. Her daughter, Vicki Darling, was a Member of the Queensland House of Assembly from 2006 - 2012.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/they-spoke-out-pretty-good-politics-and-gender-in-the-brisbane-aboriginal-rights-movement-1958-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/they-spoke-out-pretty-good-the-leadership-of-women-in-the-brisbane-aboriginal-rights-movement-1958-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sullivan, Kathryn Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE4113", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sullivan-kathryn-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher, University teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Kathy Martin was elected to the Australian Senate as a Representative for Queensland at the 1974 federal election. She remained in the Senate until 1984, when she resigned to contest a seat in the House of Representatives under her married name, Kathy Sullivan. She served as the Member for Moncrieff, Queensland, from December 1984, until her retirement in 2001. She held the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1997 to 2000. She was the first woman to serve in both Houses of the Federal Parliament and held the distinction of being the longest serving woman in that institution when she retired.\n", "Details": "Kathy Sullivan was educated at the University of Queensland, where she graduated in arts. She was a teacher, administrative officer and part-time lecturer before entering politics.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-kathy-martin-former-senator-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-kathy-sullivan-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-hon-kathy-martin-sullivan\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crawford, Mary Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE4115", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crawford-mary-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Mary Crawford was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Forde, Queensland, at the 1987 federal election. In 1994 she was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Housing and Regional Development in the Keating Government and held that position until her defeat at the 1996 election. A complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Details": "Mary Crawford completed her tertiary education at the University of Queensland and worked as a teacher before entering parliament.\n", "Events": "For significant service to women, and to the people and Parliament of Australia. (2020 - 2020)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sticks-and-stones-report-on-violence-in-australian-schools\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crawford-the-hon-mary-catherine-am\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mary-catherine-crawford-noted-in-house-magazine-sept-1989-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smith, Silvia Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE4120", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-silvia-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Burnie, Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Silvia Smith was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Bass, Tasmania in 1993. She remained in the federal parliament for one term, suffering defeat at the 1996 election, when the Keating Labor Government was swept from power. From 1997 to 2003 she served as a Legislative Councillor in the Tasmanian State Parliament representing the electorate of Windermere as an Independent Labor member.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-silvia-smith-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "West, Andrea Gail", "Entry ID": "AWE4129", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-andrea-gail\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Andrea West was elected to the House of Representatives of the Parliament of Australia as Member for Bowman, Queensland in 1996. She remained in Parliament for one term only as she was defeated at the 1998 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kernot, Cheryl", "Entry ID": "AWE4133", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kernot-cheryl\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Maitland, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Originally a member of the Australian Democrats Party, Cheryl Kernot was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a representative for Queensland in 1990. She was elected leader of the Party in 1993, remaining in that position until her defection to the Australian Labor Party in 1997. She was elected to the seat of Dickson Queensland in the House of Representatives in 1998, but was defeated at the 2001 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheryl-kernot-the-woman-most-likely\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speaking-for-myself-again-four-years-with-labor-and-beyond\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-politics-voices-from-the-commonwealth\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-cheryl-kernot-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bird, Sharon Leah", "Entry ID": "AWE4141", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bird-sharon-leah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Electorate Officer, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Sharon Bird was elected to the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament as the Member for Cunningham, New South Wales, in 2004. She was re-elected in 2007 and in 2010.\nA complete record of her parliamentary service, including a link to her first speech, can be found in the Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (see below).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-started-in-business-english\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Robertson, Agnes Robertson", "Entry ID": "AWE4155", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robertson-agnes-robertson\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stepney, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Mount Waverley Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Initially a member of the Liberal and Country League of Western Australia, Agnes Robertson was elected to the Senate of the Australian Parliament in December 1949. On being dropped from the Liberal Party's Senate ticket in 1955 because of her age, she joined the Country and Democratic League, was listed first on its ticket and won, becoming the first Country Party's female senator. She retired from parliament in 1962.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robertson-agnes-robertson-1882-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-woman-of-some-importance-senator-agnes-robertson-1882-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-many-firsts-liberal-women-from-enid-lyons-to-the-turnbull-era\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mother Emma", "Entry ID": "AWE4160", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mother-emma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Woolwich, Kent, England", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Religious Sister, Teacher", "Summary": "Emma Crawford probably migrated to Brisbane in 1896 and almost immediately involved herself in the work of the Society of the Sacred Advent, a religious order committed to the care of Brisbane's underprivileged women and children. She presided over the Society's establishment of Anglican schools (all public teaching in Queensland was legislated secular) and made them financially viable. After developing an industrial school for wayward girls in Brisbane, the community took charge of a school in Stanthorpe in 1909 which was later moved to Warwick and named St Catharine's. She also helped to establish boarding schools for girls in Townsville, Herberton, Charters Towers, Yeppoon and Brisbane.\nBy the time Mother Emma died, in 1939, the Society was active in three of Queensland's five Dioceses - this despite never having more that thirty professed sisters working during the course of her lifetime.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crawford-emma-1864-1939\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-sacred-advent-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Vallentine, Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE4165", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vallentine-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Jo Vallentine was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Western Australia representing the Nuclear Disarmament Party in 1985. On her resignation form the Nuclear Disarmament Party, she remained in the Parliament as an Independent, until she joined the Western Australian Greens in July 1990. She resigned from Parliament in 1992.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/quakers-in-politics-pragmatism-or-principle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-senator-jo-vallentine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jo-vallentine-schoolteacher-activist-and-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jo-vallentine-papers-1982-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-information-relating-to-the-office-of-jo-vallentine-the-western-australian-senator-for-nuclear-disarmament-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jo-vallentine-sound-recording-interviewed-by-leonie-stella\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jo-vallentine-sound-recording-interviewed-by-leckie-hopkins\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jenkins, Jean Alice", "Entry ID": "AWE4168", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jenkins-jean-alice\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bristol, England, United Kingdom", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Democrats, Jean Jenkins was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia in 1987 as a representative for Western Australia. She served as Deputy Leader of the Australian Democrats from April 1990 until her defeat at the July 1990 general election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-democrat\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-jean-jenkins-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Denman, Kay Janet", "Entry ID": "AWE4174", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/denman-kay-janet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Latrobe, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Manager, Parliamentarian, Secretary, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Kay Denman filled a casual vacancy in the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Tasmania in 1993. She was elected in 1998 and served until her retirement from parliament in June 2005.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stephens, Ursula Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4186", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stephens-ursula-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wicklow, Ireland", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Parliamentarian, Project officer, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Ursula Stephens was elected as a Senator for New South Wales in the Senate of the Parliament of Australia in 2001. She was re-elected in 2007 and held the position of Parliamentary Secretary for Social Inclusion and the Voluntary Sector from 2007-10.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rowland, Caroline Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE4191", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowland-caroline-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kentish Town, London, England", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious Leader, Teacher", "Summary": "Caroline Rowland was an English born, German trained nun of the Ursuline order who made profession in October 1873, taking the religious name Mary Cordula. A casualty of the 1877 Falk laws that dissolved and\/or expelled teaching religious orders throughout the German Empire, she returned from Germany to England in 1878 where she helped to establish, in Greenwich, a school for girls which still flourishes under the Ursulines.\nIn 1882, after accepting an invitation from Bishop Elzear Torreggiani to come to Australia, twelve sisters, including Sister Cordula, arrived in Sydney, to join him in the vast diocese of Armidale in northern New South Wales. They arrived in the inland town on 12 September, 1882. Here they established a day and boarding school for girls which grew rapidly: St Ursula's College, Armidale, drew its students from all over New South Wales and Queensland and even from Victoria. They also took responsibility for the parochial primary school which had existed under lay administration since the 1850s.\nSister Cordula proved herself to be an adaptable and energetic teacher, business woman and administrator. She held various offices in the religious community: treasurer several times after 1885, superior (1898-1904 and 1905-11) and mistress general of the boarding school (1911-19). \nShe was well loved and much admired, and developed a reputation as a fair and broadminded person. Her friendly manner endeared her to the members of her own religious community as well as to the wider local community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/this-land-of-promise-the-ursuline-order-in-australia-1882-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-ursulines-of-the-roman-union\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Milne, Christine Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE4195", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/milne-christine-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Latrobe, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Advisor, Parliamentarian, Research officer, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Greens party, Christine Milne was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Tasmania in 2004. Before her election to the Federal Parliament she served as member for Lyons in the Tasmanian State Parliament in the House of Assembly from 1989 until her defeat in 1998. She was re-elected at the 2010 federal election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-green-alp-accord-29-may-1989-historic-agreement-between-five-independents-bob-brown-gerry-bates-dianne-hollister-lance-armstrong-and-christine-milne-and-the-australian-labor-party-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wortley, Dana Johanna", "Entry ID": "AWE4200", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wortley-dana-johanna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Editor, Industrial officer, Journalist, Parliamentarian, Teacher, Union secretary", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Dana Wortley was elected to the Senate of the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for South Australia in 2004. She was defeated at the 2010 federal election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jordan, Ellen Violet", "Entry ID": "AWE4214", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jordan-ellen-violet\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ipswich, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Ipswich, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Musician, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Vi Jordan was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as Member for Ipswich West at the state election, which was held in 1966. She was the second woman to be elected to the Queensland Parliament. She was re-elected in 1969 and 1972, but was ultimately defeated in 1974. Before entering the state Parliament, she served as a Councillor for the Ipswich City Council.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jordan-ellen-violet-vi-1913-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-vi-jordan-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kippin, Victoria Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE4215", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kippin-victoria-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ayr, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "East Palmerston, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Local government councillor, Manager, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the National Party, Vicky Kippin was the first woman from her party to be elected to a parliament in Australia in 1974. She represented the electorate of Mourilyan in the Queensland Parliament. She was re-elected in 1977, but defeated at the 1980 election. She was a candidate again in 1983, but was unsuccessful in regaining the seat. After her parliamentary career she served as a councillor for the Johnstone Shire Council from 1982 to 1985.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kyburz, Rosemary Annette", "Entry ID": "AWE4216", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kyburz-rosemary-annette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Rosemary Kyburz was elected to the Queensland State Parliament as the Member for Salisbury in 1974 after an unsuccessful attempt in 1972. She was re-elected in 1977 and 1980, but was ultimately defeated at the 1983 election. While a Member of Parliament she married fellow parliamentarian Robert George Akers on 18 January 1981 and was the first sitting female member to give birth to a son in 1982.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-historical-and-contemporary-perspectives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-rosemary-kyburz-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harvey, Leisha Teresa", "Entry ID": "AWE4219", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harvey-leisha-teresa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Munsingen, Germany", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the National Party of Australia, Leisha Harvey was elected to the Queensland Parliament as Member for Greenslopes in 1983. She served as Minister for Health from December 1987 until January 1989. She was defeated at the election which was held in December 1989.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-leisha-harvey-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Power, Laurel Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE4225", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/power-laurel-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Augathella, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Laurel Power was elected Member for Mansfield in the Parliament of Queensland in 1989. She remained in the parliament until July 1995.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Spence, Judith Caroline", "Entry ID": "AWE4227", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spence-judith-caroline\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Judy Spence was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the representative for the electorate of Mount Gravatt in 1989. She is currently the Leader of the House in the Parliament as well as Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier and Minister for the Arts, Anna Bligh. She has held ministerial portfolios, which have included Police and Corrective Services and Seniors, since 1998.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-queensland-parliament-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-judy-spence-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wilson, Naomi Kate Wynn", "Entry ID": "AWE4234", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilson-naomi-kate-wynn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Arusha, Tanganyika, East Africa", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the National Party, Naomi Wilson was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as Member for Mulgrave in 1995. During her term in parliament she served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Families, Youth and Community Care from 1996-98, and as Minister for four months, from February to June 1998. She was defeated at the 1998 election. Before entering the state parliament she served in local government as a councillor on the Mulgrave Shire Council from 1991-95.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nelson-Carr, Lindel Helena", "Entry ID": "AWE4237", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nelson-carr-lindel-helena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Lindy Nelson-Carr was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as Member for Mundingburra in 1998. During her parliamentary carer she has served as a Minister in a number of portfolios and also as Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier and other Ministers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jarratt, Janice Heather", "Entry ID": "AWE4244", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jarratt-janice-heather\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Miles, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Jan Jarrett was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as Member for Whitsunday in 2001. She currently holds the position of Parliamentary Secretary for Employment and Economic Development.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Keech, Margaret Majella", "Entry ID": "AWE4245", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/keech-margaret-majella\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Margaret Keech was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the Member for Albert in 2001. She has held a number of ministerial portfolios, including Child Safety and Women, Tourism, Fair Trading and Wine Industry Development. She currently holds the position of Government Whip.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Male, Carolyn Therese", "Entry ID": "AWE4247", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/male-carolyn-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nambour, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Carolyn Male was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the Member for Glasshouse in 2001. After the electoral redistribution of 2008 she stood successfully for the seat of Pine Rivers at the 2009 election. She currently holds the position of Parliamentary Secretary for Education.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Egan, Kathleen Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4252", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/egan-kathleen-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "The Rock, Wagga Wagga District, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Waratah, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Education reformer, Religious Sister, Teacher", "Summary": "Described as a 'woman of great strength', Kathleen Egan was a Dominican Sister and educationist with a commitment to improving educational opportunities for children with hearing disabilities.\nIn 1931, after teaching in Tamworth and Mayfield, both in New South Wales, she was appointed to the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Waratah, Newcastle, New South Wales. Believing that 'the deaf child has tastes, dislikes, ambitions similar to those of her unhandicapped sister', she introduced the State curriculum (using conventional textbooks where possible) and was, thus, responsible for considerable reforms of education for the deaf in New South Wales.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/egan-kathleen-mary-1891-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scott, Christine Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4259", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-christine-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Broome, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Librarian, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Christine Scott was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the Member for Charters Towers in 2001. She served for one term only suffering defeat at the 2004 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sullivan, Carryn Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4266", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sullivan-carryn-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Millmerran, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Carryn Sullivan was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as Member for Pumicestone in 2001. She was re-elected in 2004, 2006 and 2009. Before her entry into the state parliament, she served as a councillor for the Shire of Caboolture from 1991-94.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Menkens, Rosemary Norma", "Entry ID": "AWE4267", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/menkens-rosemary-norma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Collinsville, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Company director, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Originally a member of the National Party in Queensland, now the Liberal National Party since the merger of the Liberal and National Parties in Queensland in September 2008, Rosemary Menkens was elected to the Parliament of Queensland as the Member for Burdekin in 2004. She was re-elected in 2006 and 2009.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bailey, Margaret Ann Montgomery", "Entry ID": "AWE4287", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bailey-margaret-ann-montgomery\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress, Teacher", "Summary": "Margaret Ann Montgomery Bailey was the longest serving headmistress of Ascham School. She experimented with new learning methods, introducing the 'Dalton plan', a philosophy of learning which emphasises self-responsibility and independence, into the senior school in 1922.\nShe was educated at the Newnham School for Girls, Toowoomba, and attended the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1900.\n", "Details": "After graduating from University of Sydney, Margaret Bailey returned to Queensland to teach. She had two stints at Rockhampton Girls' Grammar (1900-03, 1908-11) with a stint at Girton College, Toowoomba (1903-1907) in between.\nFor two years between 1912-14 she studied abroad. Upon returning she joined the staff at Ascham School in Darling Point, Sydney, which she purchased with another staff Her most adventurous move as principal was the 1922 introduction into the senior school of a modified version of the 'Dalton plan', a philosophy of learning which emphasises self-responsibility and independence. She resigned as principal of Ascham in 1946.\nAs the principal of Ascham School from 1916 to 1946, Bailey was active in the Headmistresses' Association of Australia and the New Education Fellowship.\nShe also served as vice-president and president of the Sydney University Women Graduates' Association, and was an executive member of the Australian Federation of University Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bailey-margaret-ann-montgomery-1879-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ascham-school-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hynes, Sarah", "Entry ID": "AWE4313", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hynes-sarah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Danzig, Prussia, Germany", "Death Place": "Randwick, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanist, Public servant, Teacher", "Summary": "Sarah Hynes was the first woman to hold a government appointment in science in New South Wales. In 1934 she was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).\n", "Details": "Sarah Hynes was born in Danzig, Prussia and lived in England until migrating to Australia with her family in 1884, when her father became managing director of the Australasian Steam Navigation Co.\nShe was educated at Edinburgh Ladies' College, London, and at Chichester College, Sussex. She received a botanical certificate from South Kensington Museum, Science and Art Department.\nAfter travelling to Australia, she enrolled at the University of Sydney and graduated in 1891 with a Bachelor of Arts and a major in botany. In 1892 she became the first woman to join the Linnean Society of New South Wales, which promotes the cultivation and study of the science of natural history.\nShe began her career in science as a teacher at Sydney Technical College in 1897. In 1898 she was offered a position as botanical assistant at the Sydney Technological (Powerhouse) Museum, thereby becoming the first woman to hold a government appointment in science in New South Wales. She later transferred to the herbarium at the Botanic Gardens but clashed with her male superior, ultimately leading her to transfer to the Department of Public Instruction in 1910.\nIn 1913 she returned to teaching, first at Cleveland Street then at Petersham High Schools, seeing out her career in 1923 at St George Girls' High School.\nIn 1934 she was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hynes-sarah-1859-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1926-1934-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Graham, Beryl Ada", "Entry ID": "AWE4318", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/graham-beryl-ada\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Rose Bay, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Teacher", "Summary": "Beryl Ada Graham was a science teacher and author of several school textbooks.\nShe was educated at Bellevue Hill Public School, William Street Girls Junior High School (1931-1933) and Sydney Girls' High (1934-35).\nGraham graduated from Sydney Teachers' College with Bachelor of Science in 1940 and was awarded the Eva Saunders Prize for Botany III. She received her Diploma in Education in 1941.\nAfter graduating Graham taught at several public schools, including Cessnock High and Willoughby Girls' Home Science High.\nShe married Ernest Graham in 1947 and had two children, born 1956 and 1957.\n", "Events": "After her return to Australia, Graham taught at Dover Heights Home Science School (1954 - 1954) \nEducation Officer at the Australian Museum, Sydney, where she established the Museum's school service (1949 - 1952) \nRepresented the Australian College of Education at the World Conference of Organisations of the Teaching Profession, held in Sydney (1970 - 1970) \nResigned from the Department of Education in order to travel to the British Isles (1952 - 1952) \nSeconded for a year to Armidale Teachers College to lecture in Plant Biology (1945 - 1945) \nUndertook editing work for CSIRO (1955 - 1955)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/graham-beryl-ada-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-biology-for-high-school-junior-classes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/about-ourselves-physiology-hygiene-and-first-aid-for-intermediate-class\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-archives-of-graham-nee-king-beryl-ada-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oral-history-interview-with-beryl-graham\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cusack, Dymphna", "Entry ID": "AWE4321", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cusack-dymphna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wyalong, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Manly Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Cultural Commentator, Political activist, social activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Dymphna Cusack was one of Australia's most prolific and translated writers. Educated at St Ursula's College, Armidale she won an Exhibition and Teaching Scholarship to the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma of Education. While at the University of Sydney, she developed life-long friendships with fellow authors Florence James and Christina Stead, and lawyer Marie Byles. After graduating she worked as a teacher until her early retirement in 1944 due to ill-health.\nCusack's literary career took off in 1935 when her first novel, Jungfrau, was published to critical acclaim. A further eleven novels, seven plays, three travel books, two children's books and one non-fiction book followed. Two of her novels were collaborations: Pioneers on Parade (1939) with Miles Franklin; and Come In Spinner (1951) with Florence James.\nCusack's books were translated into over 30 languages worldwide, making her one of Australia's most translated authors. Her anti-bomb play, Pacific Paradise (1955), written in response to the United State's atomic tests on Bikini Atoll, sealed her reputation across Asia, Eastern Europe and the Pacific.\nDuring the 1950s and 1960s Cusack spent long periods overseas with her partner (later husband) Norman Randolph Freehill, a journalist and founding member of the Community Party of Australia. After returning to Australia in 1962 she became associated with Faith and Hans Bandler, leaders of the Aboriginal rights movements.\nIn 1963 Cusack was a foundation member of the Australian Society of Authors. In 1975 she was named Woman of the Year by the Union of Australian Women. In 1976 she refused the Order of the British Empire due to her republican ideals, but in 1981, soon before her death, she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for her contribution to Australian literature.\n", "Details": "The following list represents some of Cusacks more important publications:\nNovels\nJungfrau (1936)\nPioneers on Parade (1939), with Miles Franklin\nCome In Spinner (1951), with Florence James\nSay No to Death (1951)\nSouthern Steel (1953)\nThe Sun in Exile (1955)\nHeat Wave in Berlin (1961)\nPicnic Races (1962)\nBlack Lightning (1964)\nThe Sun is Not Enough (1967)\nThe Half-Burnt Tree (1969)\nA Bough in Hell (1971)\nPlays\nShallow Cups (1934)\nRed Sky at Morning (1942)\nMorning Sacrifice (1943)\nThree Australian Three Act Plays (1950), comprising Comets Soon Pass, Shoulder the Sky, and Morning Sacrifice\nThe Golden Girls (1955)\nPacific Paradise (1963)\nTravel books\nChinese Women Speak (1958)\nHolidays Among the Russians (1964)\nIllyria Reborn (1966)\nChildren's stories\nKanga-Bee and Kanga-bo (1945)\nFour Winds and a Family (1947), with Florence James\nNon-Fiction\nCaddie, the Story of a Barmaid (1953), edited and introduced only\nBiography\nNorman Freehill with Dymphna Cusack, Dymphna Cusack, T. Nelson, West Melbourne (Vic.), 1975\nDymphna Cusack, A window in the dark, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 1991, introduced and edited by Debra Adelaide\n", "Events": "Appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for her contribution to Australian literature (1981 - 1981) \nHelped establish the Australian Society of Austhors (1963 - 1963) \nNamed Woman of the Year by the Union of Australian Women (1975 - 1975) \nRefused to accept the Order of the British Empire due to her republican ideals (1976 - 1976)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yarn-spinners-a-story-in-letters-dymphna-cusack-florence-james-miles-franklin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-cusack\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-window-in-the-dark-introduced-and-edited-by-debra-adelaide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caddie-a-sydney-barmaid-an-autobiography-written-by-herself-with-an-introduction-on-by-dymphna-cusack\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/come-in-spinner-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heatwave-in-berlin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-cusack-1902-1981\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-cusack-1902-81\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cusack-ellen-dymphna-nell-1902-1981\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-james-papers-1890-1993\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miles-franklin-papers-mainly-literary-manuscripts-1900-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-literary-papers-1887-1954-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-nancy-cato-1939-1995-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dymphna-cusack-1937-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-donald-crick-1955-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pacific-paradise-1955-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cusack-ellen-dymphna-freehill-76-folios-of-which-24-contain-exemptions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ellen-dymphna-cusack-154-folios-of-which-101-contain-exemptions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cusack-ellen-dymphna-volume-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cusack-ellen-dymphna-volume-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drama-and-features-correspondence-with-playwrights-dymphna-cusack\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eternal-now-by-dymphna-cusack\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cuttings-book-of-dymphna-cusack-approximately-1951-1983\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Napier, Suzanne Deidre", "Entry ID": "AWE4323", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/napier-suzanne-deidre\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Latrobe, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party, Suzanne Napier was elected to the House of Assembly of the Parliament of Tasmania representing the electorate of Bass in 1992. She was re-elected in 1996, 1998, 2002 and 2006. During her parliamentary career she has held a range of ministerial portfolios, served as Deputy Premier from 1996-98 and as Leader of the Opposition from 1999-2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cohen, Frances (Fanny)", "Entry ID": "AWE4328", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cohen-frances-fanny\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Grafton, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Headmistress, Teacher", "Summary": "Fanny Cohen was headmistress of Fort Street Girls' High School in Sydney from 1929 to 1952. She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1962 for her services to education.\nShe was an inspirational teacher and leader with firm views about the importance of streaming gifted students and ensuring that talented girls were given the same opportunities as boys.\n", "Details": "Fanny Cohen completed her secondary education at Miss Emily Baxter's School in Sydney in 1904, matriculating with the Kambala Prize for Women. In 1908 she graduate with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Sydney. She followed up the following year with a Bachelor of Science and the University Medal in Geology also from the University of Sydney. In the same year 1909 she was appointed demonstrator in geology at the University of Sydney.\nWhilst working as a demonstrator, in 1911 Cohen became the first woman to receive the Barker Graduate Scholarship for Applied Mathematics. The scholarship allowed her to travel to the United Kingdom, where she took up further study in mathematics at the University of Cambridge. However her studies were cut short by the ill health of her mother.\nIn her return to Sydney in 1912 she joined the mathematics staff at Fort Street Girls' High School. Whilst teaching Maths, she completed a Master of Arts at the University of Sydney in 1913. After ten years at Fort Street, she left to take up an appointment as deputy headmistress of North Sydney Girls' High School in 1922. She did not stay long in this position: in 1923 she accepted the appointment of headmistress of the Maitland West Girls' High School. Three years later in 1926, she returned to Sydney where she was appointed headmistress of St George Girls' High School. In 1929 she returned to Fort Street Girls' as headmistress, a post she retained until retiring in 1952.\nBetween 1937-1952 she represented the Secondary Teachers' Association of New South Wales on the Board of Secondary School Studies.\nCohen was also involved in educational community service outside schools. She was a Fellow of the Senate of University of Sydney in the periods 1934-1944 and 1949-1959. Between 1936-1944 and 1949-1959 she served as the University Senate's representative on the Council of Women's College. Between 1953-1959 she was Director of the Sydney University Women's Union.\nSoon after her retirement in 1952 Cohen became involved in the Royal Blind Society of New South Wales. In 1955 she obtained a braille writer's certificate and for some years translated books, helped to produce a monthly magazine for the blind, and trained other people in braille transcription.\nIn 1962 she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of her services to education in New South Wales.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cohen-fanny-1887-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneer-women-graduates-of-the-university-of-sydney-1881-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-archives-of-cohen-fanny-1887-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marks, Gladys Hope", "Entry ID": "AWE4330", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marks-gladys-hope\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Paddington, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Teacher, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Gladys Hope Marks was a lifelong supporter of women's rights. She was active in a range of feminist groups, including the National Council of Women of New South Wales. A gifted linguist, she taught French at the University of Sydney in the 1920s and 30s.\nThe New South Wales branch of the Australian Federation of University Women established the Gladys Marks memorial fund to assist mature women to complete courses at the university.\n", "Events": "Appointed Acting Lecturer in French, University of Sydney (1916 - 1916) \nAppointed officier d'Acad\u00e9mie by the French government; awarded les Palmes Acad\u00e9miques. (1934 - 1934) \nAppointed to a permanent position as Lecturer in French (1922 - 1922) \nAttended the International Women's Congress in Copenhagen. (1924 - 1924) \nAttended the International Women's Congress in Rome (1914 - 1914) \nBecame an honorary life vice-president of the National Council of Women of New South Wales (1934 - 1934) \nEnrolled in Arts at the University of Sydney, despite opposition from her father (1905 - 1905) \nGraduated with a Bachelor of Arts and prizes for English, French and German. (1908 - 1908) \nInternational Secretary, National Council of Women of New South Wales (1921 - 1926) \nPresident, Australian Federation of University Women (1930 - 1934) \nRetired (1943 - 1943) \nServed as acting head of department (1936 - 1936) \nServed as acting head of department - the first female acting-professor at the University of Sydney. (1929 - 1929) \nStudied phonetics part-time at the Sorbonne, Paris. (1914 - 1914) \nTaught in private schools for girls before travelling extensively in Europe. (1908 - 1913) \nVice-President, Sydney University Women's Union (1919 - 1921)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marks-gladys-hope-1883-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-archives-of-marks-gladys-hope-1883-1970\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clark, Marie Coutts", "Entry ID": "AWE4349", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clark-marie-coutts\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, England", "Death Place": "Grafton, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Physicist, Researcher, Teacher, University teacher", "Summary": "Marie Coutts Clark was a physicist and spectrochemist at the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO).\nClark was educated at North Sydney Girls' High School and then the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Science in 1932. She subsequently completed a Radio Engineering Diploma Course at Sydney.\nBetween 1932-1940 she taught at schools in Kyogle, Coffs Harbour, Yass and Griffith (all in New South Wales).\nDuring the Second world War she worked at the (Amalgamated Wireless Australia) AWA Material Testing Laboratory (1940-45).\nShe then spent the rest of her professional life (1947-1970) employed as a Demonstrator in Physics at the University of Sydney, as a research officer in the Division of Radiophysics (CSIRO) and as a spectrochemist.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irresistible-forces-australian-women-in-science\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marie-coutts-clark-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marie-coutts-clark\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marie-coutts-clark-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Reilly, Marion", "Entry ID": "AWE4367", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reilly-marion\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Public servant, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Marion Reilly was elected by countback to the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory in March 1996 on the resignation of Mr Terry Connolly, representing the electorate of Molonglo. She remained in the Parliament until 1998, when she was defeated at the election held in that year.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marion-reilly-wikipedia-entry\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Foskey, Deb", "Entry ID": "AWE4369", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/foskey-deb\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Terang, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Farmer, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the ACT Greens, Deb Foskey was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory representing the electorate of Molonglo in 2004. She retired from Parliament in 2008 after serving for one term only. She was a Greens candidate at the 2018 Victorian state election for the seat of East Gippsland and at the 2019 Federal election for the seat of Gippsland.\n", "Details": "Deb Foskey grew up in rural Victoria and after completing a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Diploma of Education at Melbourne University moved with her family to settle at Cabanandra in the mountain forests of East Gippsland. There they built their off-grid home and campaigned to save the East Gippsland forests while Deb taught in the region's schools. The family moved to Canberra for the children's secondary schooling where she continued her studies at the Australian National University, gaining a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2003. A member of the ACT Greens, Deb Foskey was elected to the ACT Legislative Assembly, at her second attempt, representing the electorate of Molonglo in 2004. She had previously stood for an ACT Senate seat at the federal elections in 1996 and 1998.\nBy now a single parent Deb was concerned about the housing rights of low-income earners and was able to protect the tenancies of the residents of a long-stay caravan park in Narrabundah when the ownership changed.\u00a0 Other matters she concerned herself with during her time in the Assembly included proposing a ban on caged hens for egg production in the ACT and increased accountability of decision-making by the Labor majority government.\nShe retired from the Assembly in 2008 after serving for one term only, and returned to Cabanandra where she continued to campaign for environmental, climate and social issues and remained active in community groups. She stood for the East Gippsland Shire Council in 2016, was a Greens candidate at the 2018 Victorian state election for the seat of East Gippsland and at the 2019 federal election for the seat of Gippsland. Shortly after the 2019 election she was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died within a year.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deb-foskey-act-greens-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-deb-foskey-womens-environmental-leadership-australia-website\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-deb-foskey-politician-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Walker, Lynne Michele", "Entry ID": "AWE4385", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/walker-lynne-michele\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Australian Labor Party, Lynne Walker was elected to the Northern Territory Assembly as the Member for Nhulunbuy in 2008. She holds the position of Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees in the current Assembly.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Weeks, Clara", "Entry ID": "AWE4423", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weeks-clara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "England", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Suffragist, Teacher, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Clara Weeks was born in England in 1852 and came to Victoria with her family at the age of six. Described as a 'born teacher', she began her career at sixteen, working in many rural and urban schools. She retired in 1913 as the Infant Mistress at Carlton Primary School, one of the highest positions then attainable for women, at one of Melbourne's largest government schools.\nWeeks' professional experience radicalised her, particularly when it came to fighting for equal pay for women. Salaray and superannuation scheme for men assumed they needed to care for dependents whereas no such assumption was made for women. However, as Weeks observed, 'hardly any women she knew \u2026 not one \u2026 did not have a dependant'.\nWeeks was active in was active in many women's organizations and worked alongside Vida Goldstein on the Victorian Women's Suffrage Executive Committee.\nWeeks died in 1937 having influenced hundreds of teachers, thousands of pupils and thousands more women with her advocacy for their rights.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/c-m-weeks-of-mooroolbark\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Connor, Ailsa Margaret", "Entry ID": "AWE4426", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oconnor-ailsa-margaret\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Artist, Teacher", "Summary": "Ailsa O'Connor was a radical artist who was a member of the Social Realist Group and the Contemporary Art Society in Melbourne. She joined the Communist party in 1944 and was a founding member of the Union of Australian Women in 1953. She participated in the feminist movement during the 1970s.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ailsa-oconnor-1921-1980-sculpture-paintings-and-drawings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Buchanan, Florence Griffiths", "Entry ID": "AWE4434", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buchanan-florence-griffiths\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Canterbury, Kent, England", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Missionary, Teacher", "Summary": "Florence Buchanan spent much of her life working in Anglican missions on Thursday and Moa Islands, north of Australia, despite a number of health problems. In 1887 she migrated to Australia, landing in Bundaberg, Queensland with her two brothers. She later assumed responsibility for the fundamentalist non-denominational South Seas Evangelical Mission, also know as the Queensland Kanaka Mission. During the 1890s she worked on Thursday Island and was ordained there as a deaconess in 1908. In the same year she went to Moa Island to conduct the Anglican mission and teach school. In 1911 she resigned from her position, due to ill-health, but continued to teach until her return to Brisbane in 1913.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/buchanan-florence-griffiths-1861-1913\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-buchanan-the-little-deaconess-of-the-south-seas\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/7945-florence-griffiths-buchanan-and-nigel-buchanan-correspondence-1861-1913\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smith, Christina", "Entry ID": "AWE4441", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-christina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Glenlyon, Perthshire, Scotland", "Death Place": "Mount Gambier, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Missionary, Teacher", "Summary": "Christina Smith worked with Aboriginal people, the Booandik (Buandig) in the Rivoli Bay area of South East Australia and in Mount Gambier. She recorded their customs, legends and social relationships for future generations. In 1854 the family moved to Mount Gambier where they established a night school, cared for Aboriginal orphans and taught adults of mixed race until the death of her husband, James Smith in 1860. In 1865, Christina eventually established a school and home for local Aboriginal children with funding she obtained from Lady Burdett-Coutts. The school however closed in 1868 due to loss of support and an epidemic and became a home for Aborigines.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-christina-1819-1893\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-booandik-tribe-of-south-australian-aborigines-a-sketch-of-their-habits-customs-legends-and-language-also-an-account-of-the-efforts-made-by-mr-and-mrs-james-smith-to-christianise-and-civilise\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Davies, Natalia", "Entry ID": "AWE4445", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davies-natalia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lampeter, Cardiganshire, Wales, United Kingdom", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Defence worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Nat Davies began her teaching career in the primary sector in South Australia in 1926, but moved into girls' technical schools in 1939, remaining there until her death in 1951. She was an active unionist, serving as treasurer of the Women's Assistants' Association from 1934-37. On the formation of the Women Teachers' Guild in 1938, Davies served as its liaison officer from 1938-42 and its vice-president from 1945-49. During World War Two she was active in the Defence Society as its president and was the only female civil-defence officer in Adelaide.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/davies-natalia-nat-1917-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/natalia-davies-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Leighton, Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE4448", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leighton-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Patricia (Pattie) Leighton was a Western Australian nominee for the ABC Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1994. She and her husband established a property in the Cape Rich area, north-east of Albany, W.A., in 1966.\n", "Events": "Nominated for ABC Rural Woman of the Year in W.A. (1994 - 1994)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patricia-leighton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1994-abc-rural-woman-of-the-year-regional-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pattie-leighton-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Thiele, Deborah", "Entry ID": "AWE4457", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thiele-deborah\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Waikerie, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Consultant, Farmer, Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Deborah Thiele was the inaugural national winner of the Australian Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1994. A graduate of the prestigious Roseworthy Agricultural College (now a campus of the University of Adelaide) not long after it opened its doors to women, she was the first woman to be appointed as an Agricultural Science Senior in the South Australian Education Department. A teacher with a rapidly advancing career in the Department of Education, she returned to farming when she married her husband, Anton. She is joint owner of their farm at Loxton in eastern South Australia. Since 2000 she has worked as an Agricultural Consultant and Lecturer, specialising in Farm Business Management.\nIn 2007, she stood for the federal electorate of Barker as the National Party Candidate. Prior to that, she stood for election to the South Australian Legislative Council. She stood again at the S.A election in 2010.\nThiele had an impressive record of community engagement at the time she won the award, and continues to maintain that record.\n", "Events": "Winner - ABC Australian Rural Woman of the Year (1994 - 1994)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deborah-thiele\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminism-flourishes-down-on-the-farm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rural-dynamo-lifts-womens-profile\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1994-radio-rural-woman-of-the-year-national-winner\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/debbie-thiele-interviewed-by-ros-bowden-in-the-women-of-the-land-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/debbie-thiele-address-to-the-national-press-club-on-1-march-1995-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-the-land-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cochrane, Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE4495", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cochrane-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Administrator, Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Catherine Cochrane was a regional winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year award in 1997. She represented the Illawarra region in New South Wales. She is the business and administrative brains behind the family run cattle property and company, Reg Cochrane Pty. Ltd.\nCatherine entered the farm in the NSW Small Business Awards in 1990 and was runner-up in the Primary Production section. She was trained as a high school teacher was a community representative at the Nowra East School Finance Committee, and President of the Parents and Citizens Association. She worked very hard for her regional community.\n", "Events": "Nominated for ABC Rural Woman of the Year in NSW (1997 - 1997)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1997-abc-new-south-wales-rural-woman-of-the-year-award-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKenzie, Bridget", "Entry ID": "AWE4584", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckenzie-bridget\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Alexandra, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher, University teacher", "Summary": "A member of the National Party of Australia, Bridget McKenzie was elected to the Parliament of Australia as a Senator for Victoria at the federal election, which was held on 21 August 2010. Her term began on 1 July 2011 and she served as Nationals Whip in the Senate from September 2013 until June 2014.\nBridget previously stood as a candidate for the seat of McMillan in the House of Representatives at the 2004 federal election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/make-mcmillan-matter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Moar, Celie", "Entry ID": "AWE4634", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moar-celie\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Counsellor, Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Celie Moar was the Victorian winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1995.\nA mother of six, Celie is a teacher and counsellor by training, sometimes working off farm in both these areas. In 1990, she established a business partnership with her husband and now runs a successful grain merchant business from their home in Victoria's Mallee District.\nShe was also a foundation member of Australian Women in Agriculture and often speaks to groups about issues relating to women in rural communities.\nCelie has also served on the board of Telstra.\n", "Events": "Winner - ABC Victorian Rural Woman of the Year (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1995-abc-radio-rural-woman-of-the-year-state-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adams, Beverlee", "Entry ID": "AWE4635", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adams-beverlee\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Homebush, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Scone, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Beverlee Adams was the New South Wales winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year Award in 1995.\nAt the time of her award, Beverlee had been a small farm operator in the Scone district in New South Wales since 1968. She had her farm declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1973 with the belief that grazing and wild life preservation can be combined. Beverlee built up a Cherolais herd due to her belief that a low fat breed of cattle would be compatible with the 1990s trend towards less fat consumption and healthier eating.\nBeverlee contributed significantly to education on weed control in NSW and was the Scone Shire's representative on the National Parks' Advisory Committee for the Barrington Tops (1974-1992). The committee established the Broom Council program of biological control for the Broom plant and raised $300,000 to implement the program. She served as a Hunter Valley Shire Councillor and was a strong supporter of agribusiness in the community. She also had a long history of connection with green and indigenous issues in the community. In April 2000, she was the guest speaker at the Jean Arnot Memorial Luncheon held by the National Council of Women of NSW Inc. and Australian Federation of Business & Professional Women Inc. In 2011, Beverlee Adams was a member of the Board of Trustees that managed the Coal and Allied Community Trust of Rio Tinto Coal Australia.\nShe was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in June 2001 for service to local government through the Scone Shire Council, to support rural women, to sustainable agriculture and to environmental management.\n", "Events": "Winner - ABC New South Wales Rural Woman of the Year (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1995-abc-radio-rural-woman-of-the-year-state-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beverlee-adams\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/address-by-ms-beverlee-adams-nee-saul\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-ephemera-on-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Jackie", "Entry ID": "AWE4636", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-jackie\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Farmer, Teacher", "Summary": "Jackie Brown was the Tasmanian Winner of the ABC Rural Woman of the Year Award for 1995.\nJackie, a teacher at Bridgewater High School in southern Tasmania, was given the task of taking over the Agricultural studies program at the school farm. An under-utilized resource, she developed the farm and the program is supports from being one of the least popular enrolment options to the most popular option subject, with 127 students currently enrolled. She also established a Landcare Centre at the farm to ensure the sustainability of the project.\nHer passion for the project has seen it grown and develop over twenty years. In 2010, she won the RIRDC version of the Rural Woman if the year award. Jackie used the opportunity and the $10,000 bursary from the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation's to study international best practice agricultural education.\nA passionate advocate of primary industry courses in schools, Jackie Brown says there's a well known shortage of young people going into careers in and around agriculture and she hopes her project will help find ways to motivate and encourage young people to think again about the primary industries.\n", "Events": "Winner - ABC Tasmanian Rural Woman of the Year (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1995-abc-radio-rural-woman-of-the-year-state-winners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLeish, Cindy", "Entry ID": "AWE4741", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcleish-cindy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Chief Executive Officer, Politician, Teacher", "Summary": "A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, Cindy McLeish was elected as the Member for Seymour in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Victoria in November 2010. As a result of the electoral redivision of 2012-13, she was elected to the new Legislative Assembly seat of Eildon at the November 2014 election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wardle, Patience Australie", "Entry ID": "AWE4782", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wardle-patience-australie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory", "Occupations": "Librarian, Teacher", "Details": "Pat was born in Hornsby, Sydney, New South Wales on 20 June 1910, the eldest of the four daughters of Dr Robin Tillyard and Patricia Tillyard (birth name Craske). Her sisters were Faith, Alison Hope and Honor. She attended Abbotsleigh School from 1917 to 1920 when the family moved to Nelson, New Zealand where she attended Nelson Girls' College, successfully completing her university entrance examinations. Despite the protestations of the daughters, the family then moved to Canberra in 1928 where her father, Dr Robin Tillyard, took up the position of first head of the then Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Division of Entomology.\nShe won one of the first three Canberra Scholarships to attend the University of Sydney. She stayed at the Women's College and was a member of the Students' Representative Council in 1930. In 1932 she gained an Arts degree with second class honours in Latin. She was an active hockey and cricket player and gained a hockey Blue. She captained the university hockey team and later played international hockey in England.\nPat went to England in 1933 to complete an MA but due to her father's ill health and resulting financial pressures on the family she obtained a teaching position at Liskeard County School in Cornwall where she stayed until 1936. She took the opportunity to travel extensively in the UK where the family had relatives, and also in Europe. She travelled on her trips in the car she christened 'Matilda' and fell in love with Cornwall. She wrote lengthy and frequent correspondence to her parents reporting on every detail of her life. She was also a meticulous diarist. While she was returning to Australia in early 1937 her father died in a motor vehicle accident. Hope was driving the car when the accident happened near Goulburn.\nOn her return from England she and Hope lived in Canberra with her mother, Patricia at the Dial House in Red Hill, ACT. She was employed first at the fledgling National Library and then at the Parliamentary Library. She had senior roles with the Girl Guides. Pat returned to England in mid-1939 to study for a Diploma in Librarianship but the course was cancelled with the start of World War II. As part of the war effort she and her sister Hope drove ambulances. As Hope was not well they returned in August 1940 to Australia on the SS Rotorua escorting evacuee children. Later that year Pat was employed as a Research Librarian with the Department of Commerce.\nFrom 1942 to 1946 she was a commissioned officer in the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF), stationed successively at Uranquinty, Point Cook and Evans Head. She gained the rank of Flight Officer and at her discharge was WAAAF Commandant at Air Force Headquarters. After the war she lived at her mother's new house 'The Spinney', 2 Mugga Way, Forrest, ACT, where she helped set out the garden.\nFollowing her service with the WAAAF Pat joined the Department of Post War Reconstruction where she was on the first Wheat Costs survey in the area of the department that was to become the Bureau of Agricultural Economics.\nIn 1953 she was a foundation member of the Canberra & District Historical Society (CDHS) for which she worked tirelessly for 38 years. She was Newsletter Editor for nearly 30 years until 1982, a Councillor for 20 years (1960 to 1980), President 1965-67 and Vice-President 1970-71. She was heavily involved in the organisation of excursions, giving talks and helping with the upkeep of Blundell's farmhouse, then operated by CDHS. She was made a life member in 1983. Her services to community history were recognised with the award of the Medal of the Order of Australia on 26 January 1990.\nIn 1955 Pat married Robert Norman Wardle, Director of Veterinary Hygiene, Department of Health. They lived at 49 Melbourne Avenue, Forrest, ACT and in 1963 purchased a 40 acre property near Murrumbateman which they named 'Maitai' after the Tillyard's family home in Nelson, New Zealand and where Bob bred and raised horses. After his death in 1979, Pat continued to visit the property until her death.\nIn 1981 she moved to a new house at 8 Couvreur Street, Garran, ACT which was designed by her niece Hilary Hewitt, daughter of Hope and Lennox Hewitt. In her seventies she made an overseas trip to England (especially to her beloved Cornwall), Scotland, Norway and Gallipoli. She was strongly involved with St John's Church, Reid, particularly through the St John's Women's Movement and she had many other interests including gardening, natural history and writing. She co-authored with A.W. Martin Members of the Legislative Council of New South Wales' (ANU, Canberra, 1959); edited A Visit to Blundell's Farmhouse (CDHS, 1972) and wrote the introduction and notes for Eirene Mort's Old Canberra: A sketchbook of the 1920s (National Library of Australia, 1987). She also contributed many chapters, journal articles and newsletter entries.\nPat died in a motor vehicle accident on 22 April 1992 when driving her small red utility registration ACT 70. She had lived in Canberra for 56 years.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patience-pat-australia-wardle-nee-tillyard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-patience-australia-wardle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-papers-of-patience-australie-wardle\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tory, Ethel Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE4787", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tory-ethel-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Subiaco, Western Australia", "Death Place": "Batemans Bay, New South Wales", "Occupations": "Academic, Teacher", "Summary": "Ethel Tory was a teacher of French and Latin and an advocate for drama and language studies, particularly French. She taught French and Latin in Western Australian schools and at the University of Western Australia before undertaking further study in French literature in Paris. She was appointed a lecturer in French at the Australian National University in 1961 and promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1965. In 1970, she published an edition of Giraudoux's play Intermezzo for use in schools and universities. She retired in 1977 but continued to teach French and to support drama studies at the Australian National University through donations and a bequest on her death in 2003.\n", "Details": "Ethel Tory was born on 27 July 1912 in Subiaco, Western Australia. Her parents were Frank Bertram Tory, a legal manager and estate agent, originally from Blandford, Dorset and Ethel Marion Victoria Johnson, born in Guildford, Western Australia. The daughter Ethel was known as 'Two-ee' to distinguish her from her mother.\nEthel attended the St Mary's Church of England Girls' School in West Perth and completed her Leaving Certificate in 1930. She enrolled in a Bachelor of Arts at University of Western Australia in 1933, after spending two years living with family in Dorset and in Grand Luce, Sarthe in France. She graduated with 1st class honours in French in 1936 and added Honours in Latin in 1938. She then enrolled in a Diploma of Education at the University of Western Australia which was awarded in 1940. During the war, she taught in Western Australian private schools and was also employed by the Censor's Office in the Department of Information to scan mail written in French or Latin. In 1941 she won the Hackett Research Scholarship from the University of Western Australia which allowed her to conduct research into French literature.\nIn 1946 she was appointed a tutor in French at the University of Western Australia and then in 1947 as a lecturer in Latin. In October 1947 she attended the University of Paris (La Sorbonne) on a French government scholarship and was awarded a Dipl\u00f4me de litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise contemporaine (mention honorable) in 1948. She remained in France teaching, translating and undertaking research which resulted in the award of Docteur de l'universit\u00e9 (mention tr\u00e8s honorable) in 1961 from the University of Paris. Her doctoral thesis was entitled 'Giraudoux et l'ideal'.\nIn 16 February 1961, Ethel took up an appointment as Lecturer in French, School of General Studies, Australian National University (ANU), joining the Department of Modern Languages under Professor Derek Scales. 1961 was the first year in which the ANU had undergraduate enrolments as undergraduate students had previously been enrolled in the Canberra University College. She was promoted in 1965 to Senior Lecturer in French and was acting head of the department in 1969 and again in 1974-1975 when it was the Department of Romance Languages.\nApart from her university teaching, she was passionate about the theatre and a long-term supporter of Alliance Fran\u00e7aise in Canberra. She published an edition of Giraudoux's play Intermezzo in 1970 for use by secondary and university students. She retired in 1977 and moved to Malua Bay on the South Coast where she continued to teach for the Eurobodalla branch of Alliance Fran\u00e7aise.\nEthel Tory was appointed a Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Acad\u00e9miques by the French government in 1992 for services to French culture. In 1995 the Ethel Tory Drama Endowment was established by the Australian National University from donations she made. She made a large bequest to the University on her death in 2003 to support academics and students in drama and languages. The Ethel Tory Languages Scholarship assists a number of students each year to study languages overseas.\nIn 2011, a state-of-the-art languages centre was opened in the Baldessin Building at the Australian National University and named the Ethel Tory Centre in her honour.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethel-tory-profile\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethel-tory-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anu-calendar-master-set\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-1977\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Peirl, Amy Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE4792", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peirl-amy-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Boulder, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Australia", "Occupations": "China Painter, Potter, Teacher", "Details": "Born in Boulder in 1899, Amy Ruth Harvey was one of six children of gold worker Philip Harvey and his wife Alice, a dressmaker. She was educated in Boulder and at the scholarship school of Eastern Goldfields High until 1915, and then Perth Modern School.\nAmy trained as a teacher at the Claremont Teachers College and was sent to teach in the country near Toodyay and then to Maylands Primary School. Here she met Flora Landells and became a student at her Maylands School of Art. In 1929 Amy transferred to the Correspondence school and became involved in educational radio broadcasting.\nIn 1937 when she married Harold Peirl she was obliged to resign, as married women were not permitted in the Education department service. She was thus able to give more time to her art and she became a china painter of some note. Amy painted in two styles, the naturalistic and the geometric.\nIn 1947 together with Ira Forbes -Smith (painter and fabric designer) and Bessie Saunders (painter) Amy held a major exhibition at Perth's Newspaper House Art Gallery.\nShe returned to teaching in 1951, when there was a shortage of teachers and taught at Girdelstone and Applecross High Schools. She retired in 1963 and died in Perth in 1990.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-wildflower-image-the-painted-china-of-amy-harvey-an-exhibition-the-alexander-library-building-september-2-to-october-8-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Musk, Jean Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4798", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/musk-jean-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Details": "Jean was born in Kalgoorlie to Mary Elizabeth Scott (nee Downey) and Thomas Cleghorn Scott. Her father moved to Kalgoorlie as a 21 year-old in 1896 to work on the water supply prior to the construction of the Eastern Goldfields pipeline. He worked on the condensers, which distilled water from the salt lakes outside Kalgoorlie and delivered it door-to door to the townspeople. When scheme water arrived he became a meter-reader.\nHer siblings were Tom, Frank and Bill. There were two other siblings, one a girl who died as a toddler and the other a boy who died at a few months, both of typhoid in an epidemic in 1906, leaving Jean as the only daughter.\nShe attended primary school and secondary school in Kalgoorlie. When she was in her 4th year at high school her mother became ill with gall bladder disease and Jean (as the only daughter) was required to stay at home as housekeeper, thereby missing several months of schooling and impressing on her a sense of indignation at having been selected out of the family to forego education because she was female. Despite this she continued to the end of her 5th year and achieved a conceded matriculation enabling her to enrol at the Claremont Teacher's College in Perth for two year's training as a primary school teacher.\nOn graduation from teachers' college she was posted to a one-teacher school at Wishbone in the wheat belt of Western Australia. Her next posting was to the Fairbridge Farm School and then back in Kalgoorlie at the North Kalgoorlie Primary School where she taught the middle grades, until she married Arthur Thomas Musk on 5 October 1940 and was required to resign to comply with Education Department policy on the employment of married women. Although she did subsequently return to teaching for many years it was only ever as temporary staff\/casual employment. As a result of the employment policies of the time married women could not be employed as permanent staff and every year there was great angst in the family until a job became available for her.\nJean had three children, Francis Alfred in 1942 and twins Arthur and Alexander in 1943. The family moved to Perth at Easter 1945 for more secure employment for Arthur.\nThere was a great shortage of teachers in the post-war period and Jean was invited to return to teaching in mid-1947. Jean continued to teach, wherever a teacher was needed.\nJean also took on the teaching of English as a second language to post-war migrants ('New Australians'). Initially she did this in the evenings at the Queens Park School but the environment was inhospitable and she persuaded the Education Department to allow her to conduct the classes at her home. Many lasting friendships resulted including all the family members.\nJean retired from teaching in 1967 aged 60. Her background in Kalgoorlie and her personal qualities equipped her to make an important contribution to Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-regarding-jean-mary-musk\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Lorna May", "Entry ID": "AWE4802", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-lorna-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kunanalling, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Politician, Red Cross Worker, Teacher", "Details": "Lorna Bell was born in Kunanalling and went to school in Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie. She married Rex Mitchell in 1934 and they had one daughter, Jan. Rex died in 1985, aged 83.\nDuring the Second World war she joined the Red Cross where she became known as 'Mrs Bottletops' as she collected aluminium tops from bottles for recycling as part of the war effort. She met the Australian Troop trains full of soldiers going to or returning from the war, providing soup and other special meals. She ran the Parakeet Dance Hall to raise funds for 'the boys' and later met the trains carrying war brides on to Melbourne and Sydney and on to the US to provide a last touch of home in Kalgoorlie for the women. Lorna said that after a chance to change clothes and freshen up, '\u2026 many was the girl who cried on my shoulder before getting back on that train'. She also helped run the Blood Bank and assisted in the rehabilitation of the returned soldiers. After the war Lorna became involved in the Fresh Air League, a charitable organisation that gave underprivileged goldfields children the opportunity to enjoy a 'fresh air' holiday by the sea.\nFrom 1946 Lorna devoted much of her time as a voluntary aide assisting deaf children with their education. In August 1947 she became an assistant teacher - special education with the then superintendent recognising her incredible perception and ability to teach deaf children and others deemed 'unteachable' because of their disabilities. In 1951 as principal she opened her school dedicated to the teaching of these children. It became the greatest achievement of her life for 33 years, and in 1985 the school was named after her. For her work she received the British Empire Medal and as a further honour in 1998 for her continued work with people with disabilities the Active Foundation made her an Honorary Life Member and Life Governor.\nIn 1969 she was elected the first woman to the Kalgoorlie town council and later became deputy Mayor. In a decade of service to the council and community affairs she raised the status of women and opened the door for many to follow.\nA select list of her other contributions to the community includes helping organisations such as the Citizens Advice Bureau, Women's Health Care Centre, Friends of the Hospital, Police and Aboriginal Community Relations Committee, Goldfields Childcare Centre and Goldfields Aged Welfare along with active roles in social or professional organisations such as Business and Professional Women's Association, Hannans Golf Club, Goldfields Repertory Club, president of the Senior Citizens and president of Prospect Lodge.\nLorna was a Justice of the Peace and Kalgoorlie's best fundraiser, ticket seller and tin rattler for numerous worthy causes. In 1996 she received the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for services to the community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-hundred-women-of-the-eastern-goldfields\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lorna-mitchell-interviewed-by-criena-fitzgerald-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Manners, Nancy Jean", "Entry ID": "AWE4809", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manners-nancy-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Trafalgar, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Details": "Nancy Stevens was born on 23 December 1903 to Guiseppa (Jessie) and James (Jim) Stevens. Nancy's parents had travelled separately to Western Australia from Victoria, Jim arriving in 1893. They met at a band concert in Kalgoorlie and were married in the Anglican Church Kalgoorlie. Jim worked as a winder driver and later a tributer and prospector. He was also a member and a regular performer at the Boulder Liedertafel and the Goldfields Operatic Society.\nNancy was the eldest of seven children. Alan, Jessie, Ada, David, Edith and Ted. The family lived on a mining lease in Trafalgar and even when the water scheme came to Kalgoorlie their domestic facilities were rudimentary. Nancy went to school at the Trafalgar and later the Kalgoorlie Central School, where students knitted balaclavas and socks for the Red Cross war effort. Her class was then transferred to the newly-opened Eastern Goldfields High School.\nHer ambition was to become a teacher and she began as a monitor at the Trafalgar School and the Kalgoorlie Central Infants School as an Assistant on Supply. She also furthered her studies and was the first women to study at the School of Mines, where she successfully passed chemistry and geology. She left teaching in 1929 upon marriage.\nShe met businessman Charles Manners, and they married on the 19 September 1929. Both were active in church and community life on the goldfields.\nNancy Manners had two children, Ron and Frances, and although she did not return to teaching she continued to contribute to the education of her children and their friends.\nNancy died in 1980 in Perth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/never-a-dull-moment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Scott, Olive Gladys", "Entry ID": "AWE4813", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-olive-gladys\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Details": "Olive Hadden was born in Kalgoorlie, the daughter of Florence Campling Hadden (nee Hunt) and Gilbert Carlile Hadden. Her father, Gilbert, was a mine manager. Olive's maternal grandfather, Charles Louis Hunt, had also been a mine manager.\nOlive has six siblings; Florence (Adeline), (born 1901), Alice (born 1904), Dorothea (Dorothy) (born 1906), Gilbert (Bert) (born 1908), Jean (born 1913) and Roy (Bunny) (born 1915). Adeline died at the age of 42 and Dorothy at 29.\nOlive attended primary and secondary school in Kalgoorlie. The family lived at 148 Campbell Street at one stage and, at another time, near the trotting track, situated half-way between Kalgoorlie and Boulder.\nOlive's mother, Florence, died in 1923 (aged 48) while Olive was attending Teachers' College. Olive's sister, Alice, was required to stay at home, to care for her father and brother, Roy, and to carry out domestic duties.\nAfter completing high school, Olive worked as a teacher's monitor at North Kalgoorlie Primary School in 1921 and 1922. In 1923 she attended Teachers' College in Perth. Teachers' College records described Olive as having \"a bright, vigorous personality\" and \"she gives considerable attention to the individual\".\nHer first placement as a teacher, in 1925, was to Leonora. In July, 1926, she was transferred to North Kalgoorlie Primary School where she remained until the end of 1933. She then worked at Boulder Primary School, 1934-1936, and returned again to North Kalgoorlie in 1937, the year in which she resigned and was married to Francis (Frank) Palmer Scott (born 1903).\nFrank worked for the \"Goldfields Firewood Supply\", at Kurrawang, approximately 16 kilometres west of Kalgoorlie, as a bookkeeper\/paymaster. In 1937, the Kurrawang township was moved when the company moved their operation to Lakewood, approximately seven kilometres south-east of Boulder.\nWhile living at Lakewood, Olive and Frank's first child, Tom, was born (in 1940). Olive returned to teaching for short periods at the Lakewood Primary School in 1944 and 1945. In 1946, their second child, John, was born. At Lakewood, Olive often provided after-school tutoring for individual students who were having difficulty at school.\nOlive and Frank had an attractive garden at Lakewood with roses, deciduous trees and fruit trees. Life in the harsh Goldfields climate was difficult at times, with very hot, dry summers and many dust storms. Winters were very cold with frosty mornings. There were no fridges or washing machines during the family's early years at Lakewood, with \"Coolgardie Safes\" and ice-boxes, a wood stove and pan toilets. A \"copper\" was used to heat up water for baths and for washing clothes. A Willy's Tourer was the family's mode of transport until 1952 when they bought their first sedan, a Ford Prefect.\nOlive returned to teaching in 1952 at Boulder Infants School. Olive gained permission to travel to Boulder in the \"Lakewood Taxi\", a car service provided by the Education Department, primarily to transport secondary students from Lakewood to attend schools in Kalgoorlie and Boulder. Olive's teaching contract lapsed in December each year and she had to wait until the following February to find out if she had a job again.\nFrank became severely affected by Parkinson's Disease and had to resign from his job at Lakewood. As a consequence, it was necessary for Olive to continue working, at least until John completed his high school education.\nIn 1957 Olive became the teacher of the \"Special Class\" where students with \"special needs\" or learning difficulties were placed. It was in this role that Olive \"made her mark\" and was able to utilise her knowledge and special skills - patience, empathy, and a nurturing, encouraging teaching style - with great success. Olive earned a reputation, among parents and teaching colleagues, of being a highly respected and effective teacher. Olive played the piano and taught the students how to \"Dance the Maypole\" for school concerts and assemblies. She retired from teaching in 1967.\nThe family moved to Richardson Street, Boulder in 1958. Olive broke her hip at home, and this event set her back a great deal. Frank passed away in 1969. Olive then moved to Perth and resided at James Brown House in Osborne Park. During her time there she did a lot of knitting and other craft work. Unfortunately, Olive fell and broke her arm while walking to the shops and this was another major setback for her. She was them moved to another Anglican home, St Georges Hospital in Mt Lawley. Olive passed away in November, 1980.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karlkurla-gold-a-history-of-the-women-of-kalgoorlie-boulder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Arndt, Ruth", "Entry ID": "AWE4840", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arndt-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cuxhaven, Germany", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory", "Occupations": "Community worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Ruth Arndt was a qualified social worker who, while unable to practise her profession because her British qualifications were not recognised in Australia, was a tireless advocate and community worker in Canberra, particularly for migrants and foreign students. She taught English to many new arrivals, taught German and Economics at both Canberra Boys' and Girls' Grammar Schools and worked as a research officer in the Department of External Affairs. She also served on the Australian National University Council, the Governing Body of Bruce Hall and was president of the Ladies Drawing Room at University House.\n", "Details": "Ruth Emma Auguste Strohsahl was born in Cuxhaven in northwest Germany on 20 March 1915. Her parents were both involved in politics - her mother was leader of the Social Democratic faction in the city council and her father was editor of the Social Democratic newspaper. As a teenager in Nazi Germany she demonstrated the courage and independence she displayed in later life: she refused to give the Nazi salute at school and failed her final examination after writing an essay criticising Nazi economic policy. In 1935 she went to live in England and worked as an au pair then obtained a bursary to enter Edinburgh University. With the assistance of the Warden of Masson Hall, Marjory Rackstraw, she was awarded a scholarship to London University's School of Economics where she studied sociology and obtained an Honours degree. She also met Heinz Arndt (later Professor) and they were married on 12 July 1941.\nThe Arndts came to Australia in 1947 when Heinz accepted a position as a senior lecturer in Sydney University's Economics Department. Demonstrating her adventurous and independent attitude, when Heinz was unable to get leave from his position in 1949, Ruth returned to Germany to see her parents, whom she had not seen since 1939, travelling by ship with her two young sons, Chris and Nick. She stayed on in England to give birth to her daughter Bettina. She then returned by ship with the three children arriving in Sydney nine months after she had set out.\nIn 1951, the family moved to Canberra when Professor 'Joe' Burton, Principal of the Canberra University College, offered Heinz the Chair in Economics. Heinz's position transferred to the Australian National University in 1960 and in 1963 he was appointed Head of the Department of Economics in the Research School of Pacific Studies at the Australian National University.\nRuth used her skills and experience as a social worker to good effect in Canberra, teaching English to European migrants in evening and afternoon classes in her own home and assisting many in their dealings with government bureaucracy and the health system. She was invited to become a member of the Good Neighbour Council which assisted migrants' assimilation into the Australian way of life. However she was never able to practise her profession as a social worker as her British qualifications were not recognised in Australia.\nWhen her children were young, Ruth took an active interest in fundraising for the North Ainslie pre-school, chairing the parents and citizen's committee. She worked as a research assistant at the Australian National University interviewing parents of pre-school children for the psychologist Pat Petony and reading and summarising articles in German-language newspapers published in Australia for the Department of Demography.\nShe taught German and Economics at the Canberra Boys' and Girls' Grammar Schools and was for fifteen years a research officer in the Department of External Affairs, briefing Australian diplomats on the preparation of economic reports. Invariably, Ruth's and Heinz's work spilled over into their home life, with foreign students and foreign affairs cadets joining the many migrants and refugees whom they assisted.\nFrom 1969 to 1975 she was a member, elected by Convocation, of the ANU Council, one of only three women. She was on the Governing Board of the University's residential college, Bruce Hall, from 1970 to 1975 and was also a Tutor (Fellow) there. She was president of the Ladies Drawing Room at University House from 1980 to 1982, following her friend, Molly Huxley.\nRuth died on 20 March 2001, her 86th birthday, from medical complications after a fall. She was survived by Heinz (her husband of 60 years who died the following year), her three children and nine grandchildren.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arndts-story-the-life-of-an-australian-economist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-profound-contributor-to-anu-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/arndt-h-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/governing-body-of-bruce-hall\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-heinz-wolfgang-arndt-1933-2002-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brown, Jan", "Entry ID": "AWE4842", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brown-jan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Sculptor, Teacher", "Summary": "Jan Brown was a distinguished Canberra artist whose work has been exhibited in Canberra since the 1960s and whose public art installations include Kangaroos in Commonwealth Park and the Icarus group of sculptures in Petrie Plaza in Canberra. She taught sculpture and drawing for over forty years at the Canberra Technical College and the Canberra School of Art.\n", "Details": "Jan Brown was born in Sydney in 1922. She initially studied art at the East Sydney Technical College as an evening student then moved to London in 1947 and was awarded a National Diploma in Design (Sculpture) in 1949 from the Chelsea Polytechnic School of Art in London, where she studied under Henry Moore.\nFrom 1957, she taught at the Canberra Technical College, and then the Canberra School of Art which is now part of the College of Arts and Social Sciences at the Australian National University, until 2001. In this role she was an inspirational teacher and mentor to many young artists, particularly in drawing and sculpture.\nJan's work is inspired by nature and by local Canberra birdlife in particular. Her work has been exhibited in Canberra since the 1960s including at the Macquarie Galleries, the Drill Hall Gallery and Beaver Galleries, and is included in important national collections such as the National Gallery of Australia, Artbank, the National Library of Australia, the Australian National University Art Collection, the Canberra Museum and Gallery and at Parliament House in Canberra. Two major 'public art' installations are in Canberra: the life-size bronze Kangaroos near Nerang Pool in Commonwealth Park (1980) and the Icarus group of sculptures in Petrie Plaza, Civic (2009). A retrospective exhibition of her work, Jan Brown: Sculptures, prints and drawings, 1948-2007, was held at the Canberra Museum and Gallery in 2008.\nShe has also served on arts advisory boards such as the ACT Arts Development Board (1986-1991), and was Deputy Chair of the Australian National Capital Artists (ANCA) Steering Committee (1989-1993) and Chair of the Visual Arts subcommittee of the ACT Cultural Council (1992-1994). She received the Visual Arts Emeritus Award from the Australian Council and was made a member of the Order of Australia in 1992.\nThe Jan Brown Drawing Prize offered by the ANU School of Art is awarded annually to celebrate her role as a teacher at the School.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jan-brown\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jan-brown-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jan-brown-australian-art-and-artists-file\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Clark, Hilma Dymphna", "Entry ID": "AWE4844", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clark-hilma-dymphna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Linguist, Teacher", "Summary": "Born to Belgian and Scandinavian parents, Hilma Dymphna Lodewyckx grew up surrounded by languages which, combined with a natural talent, saw her master over eight languages and become a successful linguist. Her most ambitious and important work was a translation from German to English of Baron Carl von H\u00fcgel's New Holland Journal. After meeting her future husband Manning Clark at Melbourne University, the couple journeyed to Germany and England, respectively, to continue their studies. They married at Oxford in 1939. Returning to Australia to escape the war in Europe, the couple and their growing family eventually settled in Canberra where Manning took up a position at what would become the Australian National University. Dymphna worked to raise her young family and establish their home as a warm welcoming space for friends and colleagues, as well as assisting Manning with translations and editing for his historical works. By 1959 Dymphna returned to teaching, eventually taking up a position at the ANU German Department. She was also an activist for Aboriginal rights and the environment. After Manning's death in 1991 Dymphna worked tirelessly to turn the home they shared into Manning Clark House - a cultural hub for scholars, artists and writers. Today, Manning Clark House still plays a vital role in the Canberra community.\n", "Details": "Anna and Augustin Lodewyckx welcomed their daughter Hilma Dymphna into their family on 18 December 1916. Their daughter inherited her first name from her mother's Scandinavian side of the family, while Dymphna, the name by which she would be known, came from her father's Belgian heritage. Her mother, Anna Sophia, and her father Augustin between them spoke many languages, but the working language of their home was Dutch except at dinner time when it was French or German if there were no guests. With such cultural backgrounds the couple educated and raised their daughter, and her older brother, Axel, in something akin to a 'little Europe' in suburban Melbourne. Here, Dymphna developed her considerable linguistic talents. She learnt perfect German from her father during formal lessons and picked up Swedish from listening to the exchanges between her mother and grandmother. All told Dymphna learned 12 languages, though she claimed to be fluent in eight and only 'getting by' in the other four. Anna ran the family home alongside teaching duties at Melbourne University where she taught Swedish, and played a key role in the promotion of the language and culture throughout the state, while Augustin worked first at Melbourne Grammar School and then later in 1916 took an appointment at the University of Melbourne as lecturer in German. Before settling in Melbourne at the outbreak of the Great War the couple had lived in Europe, South Africa and the Belgian colony, the Congo, before finally settling in the Antipodes in 1914.\nThis melting pot of culture and experience no doubt nurtured Dymphna's talent for language, but it also coloured her childhood in a distinctly European way. Her brother Axel recalled life at 'Huize Eikenbosch' (the name Augustin gave the family home due to the plethora of European oak trees he planted in the gardens) in the 1920s as a place where you would hear students learning German, and as a place to watch his parents and their friends waltz around the living room practising the latest European dances. Dymphna's father would spend many hours in the garden cultivating and tending it in Flemish ways, possibly sparking Dymphna's later love for plants and gardening. Her mixed cultural heritage at times made her feel as if she had split identities, and she often had trouble with her name at school as there were not many other migrants around. Still, she recalled her childhood as enriching and making her feel as though she could do anything. By 15 she had matriculated from Presbyterian Ladies' College and from there went to Munich in 1933 with her mother to study for a year at the M\u00e4dchenreformrealgymnasium an der Lusienstrasse. She returned to Melbourne in 1934 to study German at Melbourne University. Here her 'Europeanness' was once again made apparent to her, as she was often being called the 'mad girl without a hat or without stockings' due to her casual European style of dress which stood out compared to the formal styles of her Australian peers.\nIt was at Melbourne University in her last year of studies that she met her future husband, and future eminent and controversial historian, Charles Manning Hope Clark. Dymphna left behind no autobiographical writings and remained steadfastly silent on her courtship and marriage to Manning, though her husband describes a passionate and warm courtship in his memoirs and letters. After graduating from Melbourne University, Dymphna won the Mollison travelling scholarship which saw her go to Germany again. This time she studied Greek and Latin at Bonn University. For her it was as much a chance to indulge her passion for travel as to further her education. Although she would later recall that she 'never really found her feet' at Bonn, Nazi Germany still proved to be an awakening of sorts. She recalled learning in this period that politics was real and remembered sneaking off once a week to read British newspapers to find out what was going on in Germany. Yet she still felt herself succumbing to the all-pervasive Nazi propaganda, and understood how so many people became so mesmerised by the regime.\nAs threats of war grew, Manning called for Dymphna to come to England where he was studying for his doctorate at Balliol College, Oxford. She joined him and they married in Oxford on 31 January 1939. During this period she worked as a teacher at Blundell's School in Devon, but found her surrounds depressing. She and Manning welcomed their first child, Sebastian, in December 1939. He would be the first of six children. In 1940 the family decided to return to Australia where Manning took up a teaching position at Geelong Grammar School. In 1949 the Clark family moved to Canberra so that Manning could become the first Professor of History at the Canberra University College, later incorporated into the Australian National University. Over the next 16 years Dymphna's time was primarily taken up with the business of mothering children, running a household and supporting her husband and his academic research. She also found time to indulge in her passion for gardening and plants. She provided most of the produce to feed her family from her vegetable gardens and chicken sheds. Her friends recall the Clark house as being a site for scholarship and learning, but also an extraordinarily warm and friendly place where many delicious meals and good conversations amongst friends could be had.\nIn 1959, Dymphna returned to her teaching at the Soviet Embassy where she taught English to diplomats. She followed this appointment with one at the German Department of the Australian National University. Here, her talents as a formidable scholar in her own right were able to shine. She worked with Peter Sack from the German Department on a nine-year project translating from German to English the reports of the Governor of German New Guinea from 1886 to 1914. However, her most ambitious and important work was the translation of Baron Carl von H\u00fcgel's New Holland Journal. Published in 1994, it provided for the first time in English the Austrian botanist's daily diaries of his expeditions in Australia and New Zealand in the 1830s. Alongside her own work Dymphna did many translations of documents and material for Manning's historical works, as well as proofreading, editing and assisting him in his research for some of his major works including A History of Australia.\nDymphna also became an activist for Aboriginal rights, becoming a member of the Aboriginal Treaty Committee in 1980 which aimed to educate and promote the need for a formal treaty between Indigenous people and the Federal Government. She also wrote the Committee's preamble that was to be reviewed by Parliament. Dymphna continued her lifelong passion for the environment and gardening by working with Greening Australia Volunteers to plant over a thousand trees on the Clark's property 'Ness' in Wapengo on the New South Wales south coast.\nIn 1991 Dymphna's long marriage to Manning ended with his death on 23 May. She continued to work at her own projects, as well as being an avid defender of her late husband and his work. In 1993 Manning's most famous work, A History of Australia, was attacked by his own publisher, Peter Ryan, while in 1996 the Brisbane Courier Mail alleged Manning had been a Soviet spy - an allegation Dymphna's work at the Soviet Embassy helped to fuel. These allegations were all later resoundingly discredited. Dymphna also compiled and donated her own and Manning's papers to the National Library of Australia, and with the assistance of her son Sebastian edited and published Manning's final works, An Historian's Apprenticeship (1992) and Speaking out of Turn (1997), a volume of his speeches and lectures between 1940 and 1991. Dymphna also established Manning Clark House (the family's home in Forrest, Canberra) as a cultural hub for scholars, writers and artists. The house has grown to be a vital and vibrant part of the Canberra arts and academic communities. Having kept her diagnosis of cancer private, telling only a few close people, Hilma Dymphna Clark passed away on 12 May 2000.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-quest-for-grace\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-eye-for-eternity-the-life-of-manning-clark\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ever-manning-selected-letters-of-manning-clark-1938-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-clark-a-portrait\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-dymphna-clark-widow-of-historian-manning-clark-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dawn-richardson-1970-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dymphna-clark-circa-1930-2000-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lyndall-ryan-1968-1992-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ninette-dutton-1890-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-roslyn-russell-1955-2008-bulk-1982-2001-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-clark-interviewed-by-heather-rusden-and-elizabeth-cham-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dymphna-clark-interviewed-by-heather-rusden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manning-clark-and-dymphna-clark-speak-for-the-aboriginal-treaty-committee-on-mining-in-noonkanbah-w-a-in-the-2xx-collection-sound-recording-interviewer-stuart-reid\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/andrew-clark-interviewed-by-susan-marsden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-prof-katerina-clark-academic-dr-axel-clark-academic-sound-recording-interviewer-susan-marsden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sebastian-clark-interviewed-by-susan-marsden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowland-clark-interviewed-by-susan-marsden-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Corbett, Joan Lorna", "Entry ID": "AWE4845", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/corbett-joan-lorna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Montreal, Canada", "Occupations": "Academic, Public servant, Teacher, Trade union official", "Summary": "Joan Corbett began her career in Canberra as a mathematics teacher then worked as a union official with the ACT Teachers Federation. She was appointed the first Women's Officer of the Australian Teachers' Federation in 1986, then joined the Commonwealth Public Service specialising in policy development initially in the Department of Employment, Education and Training on youth support and women's employment including child care issues. Moving to the Department of Health and Ageing in 2003 she worked in the areas of Indigenous health and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. She left the Australian Public Service in 2011 and is currently an Associate Professor in Public Health at the University of Canberra.\n", "Details": "Joan Corbett was born in Montreal, Canada in 1952 and was educated at Turner Primary School and Canberra High School in the Australian Capital Territory and Marion High School in South Australia. She graduated with a Bachelor of Economics from the Australian National University in 1974 and was awarded a Graduate Diploma in Education from the Canberra College of Advanced Education (now the University of Canberra) in 1975.\nFrom 1976 to 1981 Corbett worked as a mathematics teacher at Woden Valley High School and then Hawker College where she was also the teachers' representative on the College Board 1977-79 and coordinated a Women's Studies course. She was employed as the Schools Liaison Officer for the ACT Teachers Federation (1981-83) and then elected as General Secretary, ACT Teachers Federation (1983-86). In this position she advocated for better wages and working conditions for teachers and chaired the Sexism Committee which, among other things, sought to remove gender-specific references from the union rules. She was also involved in the ACT Trades and Labour Council campaign for recognition as a 'State' body and representation on the Australian Council of Trade Unions Executive.\nCorbett was appointed the first Women's Officer to the Australian Teachers Federation in 1986 when 65% of the union's members were women. She worked on equal opportunity, campaigns for maternity and parental leave, provision of child care and protection from sexual harassment, and developed training for teachers to improve their awareness of gender issues in girls' education.\nShe joined the Commonwealth Public Service in 1989 initially in the Department of Employment, Education and Training in the Youth Bureau. In 1990 she returned to part-time study at the Australian National University and completed a Master of Public Policy in 1993. Her study was greatly assisted by a postgraduate scholarship offered by the Department for the year 1992. Her research project related to child care provision and participation by women in the labour market. It was published in the Public Policy series in 1994. She was a representative on the Board of Studies for the Graduate Program in Public Policy while undertaking her postgraduate degree.\nHer only child, a son Will Stomps, was born in 1990. From 1992 she was a member of the Management Committee of the Black Mountain Community Pre School and Child Care Centre, holding the position of President in 1993-94.\nIn 1993 she was employed as an adviser to the Minister for Employment, Education and Training, the Hon. Kim Beazley, and then in September 1993 returned to the Department as Director of the Women's Policy section of the Economic Policy Analysis Division. This section was within the branch known as The Women's Bureau and along with other policy work it contributed to the analysis of women's employment in the Working Nation policy statement by the Labour government.\nIn 1994 she moved to the then Department of Social Security, which became Family and Community Services, focusing on sole parent pension, family assistance measures, child care services, and disability employment services. She moved to the Department of Health and Ageing in 2003 where she led the branch with responsibility for the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme until 2007. From 2008 she worked in the area of aged care briefly and then in the area of Indigenous health with responsibilities for planning of new services and capital works, child and maternal health programs, sexual health, and drug and alcohol programs. This included leading the roll out of Opal fuel to combat petrol sniffing.\nShe is currently an Associate Professor and Course Convenor in Public Health at the University of Canberra. She is also a Board Member of the Canberra-based Post and Ante Natal Depression Support and Information Inc. (PANDSI).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-corbett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-corbett-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Goodes, Joyce Nancy", "Entry ID": "AWE4856", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goodes-joyce-nancy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Director, Drama coach, Librarian, Producer, Teacher", "Summary": "Joyce Goodes was a well-known Canberra personality who made a substantial contribution to the cultural and community life of the capital between the mid-1940s until her death in 1990. In the late war years she instigated meetings for the establishment of the city's first kindergarten at Acton in 1944, and her teaching at Canberra Girls' Grammar School over thirty years culminated in her single-handedly setting up the new library of 10,000 books at the Junior School, built in 1973. But Joyce Goodes is best remembered for the quality of her body of work as a local theatre producer, director and actor, first at Canberra Repertory Society in its early days and, from 1960, with her own group The Theatre Players. The legacy of this work resides in an award, The Theatre Players Scholarship, granted yearly to assist a promising young person from the ACT undertaking their tertiary education in any aspect of theatre craft.\n", "Details": "Joyce Nancy Goodes was born on 14 July 1916, the second youngest of the seven children of a Scot, businessman James Smith Anderson and an Irishwoman, teacher Annie Anderson (nee Gunson) of Victoria Park, Perth. From early childhood days, while her father occasionally played the organ at the city's Presbyterian Church, she took part in religious plays and cantatas, and became an avid reader. Her girlhood teacher and mentor was Perth's celebrated theatrical identity, Florence Dane; it was under her skilled tuition that Joyce Goodes' stage talents were nurtured. Formal secondary education took place at Perth Modern School for five years from 1929.\nAt 18 she was playing Shakespeare while completing a teaching degree at Claremont Teachers' College and continuing with her drama training at Perth Technical College. Psychology, one of her degree subjects, remained a lifelong interest that informed her work both in theatre and education. Her first teaching assignment was in Wagin, south of Perth, in a primary school for Aboriginal children.\nIn 1939, Joyce Goodes married Herbert John Goodes, a British immigrant and economics and accountancy graduate of the University of WA, who was then a statistician and officer at the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. When he was seconded to the Commonwealth Treasury for the wartime government in 1943, they moved to Canberra with two-year-old daughter Jayne and another daughter, Dinah, was born in 1944.\nJoyce Goodes soon joined Canberra Repertory Society, an amateur theatre group started in 1932 that further concentrated the rarefied character of the capital's population. In those heady times, under the impetus of life during war - and well before the advent of television - the group produced a feast of international plays, classic and contemporary, first at the 2CA Theatrette, then the Albert Hall and eventually in their own home at Riverside. Joyce Goodes threw herself into this creative hub, acting, directing, designing sets and creating costumes. A woman of an intense kind of energy, her view was that each play must be approached from a fresh, original viewpoint to meet its audience with impact and meaning.\nIn February 1943, in response to the growing community awareness of a need for childcare services including a nursery school, Joyce Goodes wrote to the Canberra Mothercraft Society (established in 1927) suggesting that action now be taken to bring this about. She became part of a sub-committee to harness the enthusiasm of other mothers and friends for the cause and undertook a survey. She herself was also keen to seek the provision of day care to free women up for the war effort but the consensus at that time was to focus on a nursery school. In April, the report was accepted then presented by a deputation to the Minister for Health. After further work by the Council and its committees, a nursery school was opened at Acton in 1944.\nBy this time Joyce Goodes was setting a benchmark at Repertory, notably with the acting role of the wife in W.O. Somin's Close Quarters in 1945, her costume execution and the production of her first full-length play for the Society, Clare Boothe Luce's The Women in 1948. She remained prominently involved until a year after the Society's move to Riverside in 1953, when she left for Melbourne.\nAfter taking up teaching posts at Preshil, Melbourne's progressive primary school, and Taylors Business College (in English for foreigners), she immediately joined Brett Randall's Little Theatre, a semi-professional repertory troupe known for its consistently high standards, where she acted and directed, amongst other plays, Mother Courage by Bertolt Brecht. Back in Canberra in 1957 and reinstated as a Repertory council member, she became vocal in the push towards a small professional company for Canberra housed in its own permanent, intimate theatre. This remained a firmly-held aspiration when she left the Society to form her own group The Theatre Players in 1960, founded on 35 pounds won at the National Eisteddfod for an act from Hendrik Ibsen's A Doll's House.\nJoyce Goodes went on to produce more than 30 plays for The Theatre Players from the first Old Time Music Hall in Canberra through plays of Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Frederico Garcia Lorca, Tennessee Williams, N.F. Simpson, Tom Stoppard, Jerome Kilty and many others. Often presented in-the-round, her favoured form when the venue was suitable, the Players also collaborated with other groups such as the University Dramatic Society at the ANU, the Spanish Society or the Polish Club. These arrangements provided performance space and a wider audience, while cutting costs.\nJoyce Goodes had always been keen to promote Australian writing. In 1964, her adaptation of Eve Langley's The Pea Pickers was presented for a 3-week season in Canberra, the first solo performance of an adapted Australian book in the country. Written in 1941, it is a picaresque-style, mostly autobiographical account of two young women dressed as boys who wander through Victoria undertaking seasonal work on farms in the 1920s. Joyce went on to perform it in Sydney and in London at Australia House later that year, sponsored by the Society of Australian Writers.\nIn 1962 a building fund for the construction of a permanent home for the company was launched. Despite setbacks from the abandonment of a previous plan, developed in conjunction with commercial interests to build a theatre as the ground floor of an office or residential block, Joyce Goodes remained fervent about finding a home. Her ideal was a small theatre with a seating capacity of 300-500 people, purpose-built solely for drama. However, as by 1973 a theatre had not eventuated, the funds were invested in order to finance the first Theatre Players' Scholarship, awarded almost every year since. It is designed to provide financial assistance to a worthy young person enrolled in a full-time drama or theatre-related course, who is a current or former resident of the ACT. Many winners have gone on to have successful professional careers both in Australia and abroad.\nBetween 1952 and 1981, Joyce Goodes taught for varying periods at the Canberra Girls' Grammar School, where she also became librarian in latter years. She was the person responsible for the modern library in the Junior School after the new building was built in 1973, dealing with 10,000 books, cataloguing, binding and guiding the girls. In its tribute to her on her death in 1990, the school's magazine Burrawi noted: 'Her contribution to CCEGGS was invaluable and present and future students will share in the benefits of her drive and enthusiasm.'\nJoyce Goodes had always supported women's causes such as the movement for equal pay in the sixties. Although she did not espouse the term 'feminist', she embraced ideals of financial independence, social equality and 'a room of one's own'. She also felt strongly about maintaining the integrity of Canberra's environment as it underwent change, often supporting local community battles.\nAfter The Theatre Players was wound down, Joyce and Herbert Goodes left their spacious, comfortable house in Forrest, the scene of so many ardent rehearsals, for a townhouse in Kingston in the early 1980s. Throughout her life Joyce remained widely read and was a great talker, with forceful opinions. A dogged determination and intransigence at times were balanced by her generosity, large sense of humour and capacity for friendship. Joyce Goodes may never have garnered formal honours or got her professional theatre or even a permanent home but she generated much artistic stimulation, vibrant theatre and sheer entertainment of a high standard over a long period. She had been a big presence who left an indelible imprint on the Canberra of her times.\nJoyce Goodes died in Canberra on 11 March 1990.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-cost-of-jazz-garters-a-history-of-canberra-repertory-society-1932-to-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Landau, Yetty", "Entry ID": "AWE4861", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/landau-yetty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Broadcaster, Teacher", "Summary": "Yetty Landau was an actor and comedian who worked in Melbourne and with travelling companies. She was a popular broadcaster in Melbourne and Canberra and with her actor husband set up schools which taught drama, elocution and public speaking. After her husband's death Yetty continued teaching verse speaking, training choirs and successfully preparing students for the examinations of Trinity College, London.\n", "Details": "Yetty Landau was born on 6 June 1895 in Bendigo, Victoria to Samuel, (also known as Simon or Yeshiyahu) Landau a 60-year-old hawker and his wife 34-year-old Dora, the daughter of Zebulun Miller and Sophia Muskovitz.\nFrom childhood Yetty showed talent as a performer. Competing against adults from all over Australia, she won the Grand Championship for Elocution at the South Street Eisteddfod, Ballarat, Victoria.\nShe began acting professionally under the direction of Gregan McMahon and then joined the Ian McLaren Shakespeare Company. By 1915 she was working with Harry Craig's Australian Players on their three-month Tasmanian tour.\nWhen she married the actor and sometime lion tamer Frank James Pearson (born Francis Bernard Vaughan) in Melbourne on 24 January 1916, they both gave their usual addresses as 'constantly travelling'.\nYetty played comedy with Bert Bailey's Australian Company for five years creating the role of Amelia Banks in Grand-dad Rudd and Sara in On Our Selection. She went on to contracts with the Fuller Management and Rickards Tivoli Theatre Circuit. In her last Melbourne performances in 1926 she shared the stage with the famous theatre entrepreneur J.C. Williamson himself, in a play called The Farmers Wife.\nYetty taught drama and elocution and her pupils won prizes at the eisteddfods in Victoria. By 1926 Yetty and her students were involved in radio broadcasts. Although apparently popular with listeners, such a public career was not entirely welcomed by her family.\nYetty and Frank ran the Landau-Pearson Academy of Combined Arts from the home they named Franyette in Preston. They taught elocution, dramatic art, public speaking and musical monologues. Yetty's niece tutored piano.\nYetty and Frank visited Canberra for 6 weeks in 1934, but stayed and continued their acting and teaching careers. Yetty appeared with Canberra Repertory and in 1935 briefly presented a children's programme on local radio.\nBy 1936 the Landau-Pearson Modern School of Voice Culture taught speech-craft, drama, broadcasting and talking picture technique to pupils in Canberra's Civic Centre in suburban Manuka and in nearby Queanbeyan, New South Wales. As in Melbourne, pupils were successfully prepared for examinations set from London.\nYetty continued to teach after Frank's death in 1944. She taught verse speaking as well as choirs at St Benedict's Convent in Queanbeyan, St Christopher's and St Peter Chanel's in Canberra. Her pupils were very successful in the Trinity College, London examinations with Robert Crew being the first Canberra student to win the NSW State medal for speech in the Advanced Preparatory Division in 1960 and Merrilyn Jones passing the Intermediate Speech exam in 1964. One of her past pupils, Rosemary Heming, was admitted to Trinity College to train as a teacher of speech.\nShe continued as a radio presenter and her midday programme on 2CA Woman about the Shops ran for twelve years. She also created the Women's Session on the National Station and broadcast it for eight years.\nYetty died from stomach cancer on 7 September 1971. Her ashes were spread at Norwood crematorium. She had no children.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yetty-landau-a-woman-of-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lomax, Alice Christina", "Entry ID": "AWE4862", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lomax-alice-christina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Majura, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Death Place": "Campsie, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Publican, shopkeeper, Teacher", "Summary": "Alice Mayo was a third generation Australian, the daughter of William Mayo and Mary Ann Warwick. Her grandfather, Albert Mayo, had arrived as a convict in 1839 and lived and worked in the Duntroon area. Alice Mayo married Harold Vere Chumleigh in 1913. They were divorced in 1934 and she married Ferdinand Lomax in 1935. She worked as a school teacher as well as running a florist shop in Double Bay and a lingerie shop in Penfold's Buildings in Sydney. She played the piano as well as tennis. She grew up in Majura and lived between there and Sydney until the time of her second marriage. She and Ferdinand Lomax ran hotels at Boree Creek and Brown Mountain before retiring to Batehaven. Ferdinand Lomax died in 1969. Alice Lomax lived to the age of 101, only moving to a Nursing Home at the age of 99.\n", "Details": "Alice Mayo had one brother and seven sisters, one of whom was married to Claude Lomax. She also had extended family in the Canberra area; several uncles having settled there. She seems to have come from a family of independent women. Her mother was a postmistress in Canberra before her marriage in 1880, while in 1907 the 'Misses Mayo' were running the Majura Refreshment Rooms in Queanbeyan. A year later another 'Miss Mayo' offered board and residence in the same town. In 1911, Alice Mayo's sister, Elizabeth, took up a position as a probationary nurse at Queanbeyan Hospital.\nAlice Mayo's first husband, Harold Vere Chumleigh was a soldier, a colourful character who appears to have reinvented himself and had several wives. Alice Chumleigh sued for divorce in 1934 on the grounds of desertion. Her husband had been transferred to Townsville in 1928. Alice Chumleigh was living with her sister, Ethel Sells, who had divorced her own husband in 1922, in Marrickville in Sydney.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chumleigh-harold-vere-1880-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-alice-christina-lomax-canberra-pioneer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Masters, Isabel A.", "Entry ID": "AWE4866", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/masters-isabel-a\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northam District, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Isabel Masters was born in Western Australia in 1912. She graduated from university in 1934 with Honours in English and taught at Kobeelya Girls' Grammar School in Katanning, Western Australia, Ascham Girls' School in Sydney, New South Wales and Merton Hall (now Melbourne Girls' Grammar School) in Melbourne, Victoria before becoming principal of Canberra Girls' Grammar School in 1947. She retired in 1962, having overseen the doubling in size of what was described as a 'happy' school.\n", "Details": "Isobel Masters was educated at Perth College, where she was a member of the Girl Guides. She was thirty-five when she became headmistress of Canberra Girls' Grammar. She was an experienced English teacher, had been a member of the Shakespeare Club in Western Australia and a boarding house mistress at Merton Hall in Melbourne. Like her predecessor, Una Mitchell, she could turn her hand to other subjects when required. In addition to English, she also taught German and Religious Instruction, among other subjects.\nEnrolments at the school nearly doubled during the fifteen years Masters spent at Canberra Girls' Grammar. This required the physical expansion of the school and Masters oversaw the conversion of ex-Army huts into classrooms and a library as well as encouraging parents, teachers and students to assist in painting classrooms, covering Chapel kneelers and sewing curtains. She was also a keen gardener and probably found relaxation in tending the school roses, which blossomed under her care. During her time at Canberra Girls' Grammar, a wider range of courses, particularly vocational ones including Domestic Science and Dressmaking and in the 1950s some senior classes were combined with the Boys' Grammar School. Her staff were dedicated, although not particularly well-paid, according to one staff member, who recalled that when the basic wage was introduced for women, their pay had to be increased to be level with those of the domestics. Nevertheless neither did she know how she got the job teaching geography, with no teacher training and no geography beyond Junior level. Perhaps it was because she too was a Perth College old girl.\nMasters was poised and well-groomed, as was expected of a woman in her position in that era, but she also seemed to understand the importance of having fun, or perhaps of publicity. She made the most of the celebrations for the school's twenty-first anniversary in May 1948 and subsequently introduced other celebratory days, Founders' Day, Shakespeare Day and the Combined Grammar Christmas Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols. All of these not only provided enjoyment for students but were also an ideal opportunity to promote the school within the wider community, no doubt contributing to the expansion of the student population. Upon her retirement in 1961 she was praised not only for the expansion of the school but also in creating its 'happy atmosphere', in which 'no appeal for assistance has gone unanswered'. Masters died in July 2000, according to records in the Canberra Girls' Grammar School Archives.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-light-in-the-bush-the-canberra-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school-and-the-capital-city-of-australia-1926-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burrawi\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-shakespeare-club-of-western-australia-1930-2000-an-example-of-adult-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maxine-pickering-on-teaching-at-canberra-girls-grammar-school\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Una Hayston", "Entry ID": "AWE4868", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-una-hayston\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Una Mitchell was Headmistress of Canberra Girls' Grammar between 1937 and 1947. She left Canberra to return to her home state to become Headmistress of St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls in Mosman Park in Perth. She retired in 1967 and was appointed Chairman of the Conference of Independent Girls' Schools of Australia. She was an inspiring Science teacher and highly respected principal, who had high educational and moral standards. She dedicated her life to ensuring the girls in her care were prepared for what she saw as a rapidly changing and modernizing world. She taught them to have 'a high regard for personal integrity', to be adaptable as well as to have 'enquiring minds and the spirit of adventure'.\n", "Details": "In 1909, at the age of nine years and eight months, Una Hayston Mitchell published a short story in the Western Mail. It was a cautionary tale of a 'disobedient mouse' whose behaviour cost the lives of his brother and sister. She also wrote engaging letters to 'Aunt Mary' at the same newspaper. She grew up in Murrin Murrin, a small mining settlement just north of Kalgoorlie, Her family had moved there so that Una could attend school. She explained to 'Aunt Mary' that earlier they had been nine miles from the nearest post office and she had been four years old before she saw another child. In 1911 her letters came from the Girls High School in Kalgoorlie. Mitchell was the daughter of mining engineer John Hayston Mitchell, a rather colourful and well-travelled character, whose achievements apparently included the invention of brakes and driving gear for bicycles, or so his patent application stated. Una was the daughter of his fourth marriage, to Florence Raddenberry Olney. The couple had moved to Western Australia from Queenstown following Hayston Mitchell's divorce from his previous wife on the grounds of bigamy. Whether Una Mitchell was aware of the scandal in her parents' past is unclear, but her later rigid respectability combined with determination to ensure the girls in her care were self-sufficient perhaps stemmed from this. She also remained unmarried herself. On a more positive note, she certainly inherited her father's scientific bent.\nEducated at Perth College, Mitchell graduated with a Bachelor of Science from the University of Western Australia. She taught Geography, Geology and Physics for twelve years at Presbyterian Girls' College (now Seymour College) in Adelaide before becoming the Senior Resident Mistress and Physics and Chemistry teacher at St Catherine's in Toorak in Melbourne. Arriving at Canberra Girls Grammar in April 1937, with 'an established reputation as an educationalist', according to the Canberra Times, Mitchell found a school with 107 pupils, 30 of whom were boarders. By the end of the year the roll had increased to 121 pupils, including 34 boarders. In 1943 she oversaw the refurbishment of a disused country schoolhouse, which was moved to the school site and extended to become a new Kindergarten building. Although primarily a Mathematics and Physics specialist, she taught Biology at Canberra Girls' Grammar, as that was the subject that was required. According to a later history of the school, 'the enthusiasm with which she taught this discipline was quickly communicated to her pupils'. She also encouraged her students in a variety of sporting and cultural activities welcoming a visit from Heather Gell, pioneering dance teacher, to the school in 1940.\nThe outbreak of WWII affected even the cocooned existence of Girls' Grammar. There were first aid lessons, air raid drills and blackout practices. A shortage of domestic staff meant that pupils were required to assist in boarding house duties. Mitchell led by example, helping with cooking, peeling potatoes and even ironing boarders' blouses. Once a week, senior students were invited to listen to the news on the wireless in her sitting room so that they were kept informed of overseas events. The girls were encouraged to participate in patriotic events and causes.\nMitchell's educational philosophy developed during these years and she became convinced that 'the tempo of world affairs has quickened so enormously in the last few years that children, now at school [must develop] an alertness of mind and resourcefulness which mere book learning alone can never give'.\nMitchell left Canberra to return to her home state as principal of St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls in Mosman Park. She remained here for twenty years, during which time the school 'experienced a surge of growth and development'. The publication of a book of school memories by the 'Year of 1956' provides a rare glimpse of how students perceived her. First impressions appear to have been formidable. 'She could be terrifying ', wrote one former pupil. 'I generally tried to avoid one on one encounters with Miss Mitchell because it usually meant I was in trouble,' remembered another. She 'had a habit of turning up when you least wanted her to', recalled one girl, yet 'her high standards of behaviour and admirable example [were] irresistible'.\nMitchell knew the names of all 600 pupils and was a versatile and committed teacher. She took over the geography class one year because there was no one else and taught it brilliantly. She was 'well-educated and well-versed in the Christian faith'; the girls never forgot 'morning assemblies under Miss Mitchell's beady and morally splendid eye'. An 'outstanding woman', she genuinely cared for her students, who respected her and occasionally witnessed a softer side. One girl remembered that when she had appendicitis, 'Miss Mitchell drove me in her little Morris across the lawn to Sick Bay where she sat on my bed and talked to me like a friend until the Doctor arrived'.\nInterviewed upon her retirement from St Hilda's Mitchell described her work as 'exacting'. 'There are plenty of headaches, but any worthwhile job has problems,' she said, particularly in jobs dealing with people. Mitchell was committed to her work educating women for a future in which, she said 'more and more women will continue with their jobs or professions after marriage, [with] the obvious problem\u2026 [of] how to reconcile the claims of home and children with the demands of a profession'.\nIn 1953 Una Mitchell was one of just over 11,000 Australians to receive a Coronation Medal. In 1980 the new wing of the boarding house at Canberra Girls' Grammar was named in her honour. At St Hilda's in Western Australia there is also a building named for her and the Una Mitchell Scholarship is awarded to a Year 12 Boarder for, appropriately, 'depth, interests and strength of character'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/class-of-1956-st-hildas-church-of-england-school-for-girls-mosman-park-western-australia-a-collection-of-stories-and-memorabilia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-st-hildas-anglican-school-for-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-hildas-anglican-school-scholarships-information\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tour-of-the-boarding-house\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-una-hayston-mitchell-headmistress-canberra-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school-1937-1947-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wensing, Petronella (Nel) Jacoba", "Entry ID": "AWE4879", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wensing-petronella-jacoba\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Teteringen, Holland", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Artist, Community activist, Designer, Social worker, Teacher", "Summary": "As a young migrant who arrived in Australia from the Netherlands in 1953, Petronella Wensing became concerned about the welfare of other migrants, particularly women, and how they could be successfully integrated into the community. As a consequence of her growing awareness of the problems that existed for them, she became a delegate of the St. Patrick's branch of the Catholic Women's League and on 22 June 1961, a member of the Good Neighbour Council of the ACT. Her work with migrants was recognised in the ACT International Women's Day Awards 2011.\nAs a skilled artisan her specialities were lace making and embroidery. She was foundation President and a Life Member of the Canberra Lace Makers Association, a past President of the Embroiders' Guild of the A.C.T. and as well, a member of the Australian Lace Makers Guild. She continued to volunteer and consult with the National Gallery of Australia and the Canberra Museum and Gallery, Canberra on lace and textiles for many years.\n", "Details": "Petronella Wensing was born 22 January 1924 in Teteringen, the Netherlands, the fourteenth child of seventeen, born to Johannes Goderie and Cornelia De Weert. As a young child, Petronella suffered from rickets, although this condition did not hinder her education as she was a bright little girl who learnt quickly at school. When she started school at the age of five, she could already knit and crochet. Growing up in the Netherlands during the depression was difficult for the family and even though her father was employed by the Netherlands railway, four of Petronella's five brothers suffered from long term unemployment. In 1943, her mother passed away and her father remarried in 1944.\nPetronella Goderie and Michael Wensing (1912-1988) were married at Ryen on the outskirts of Breda on 19 August 1948. Even though Michael was a skilled sign writer, painter and paper hanger he found there was little work for him in the Netherlands devastated by the Second World War. Consequently, as many other people from the Netherlands were, they were also encouraged by their government with the assistance of the Catholic Migration Association in Breda to immigrate. Initially the family wanted to go to New Zealand but due to restrictions on the immigration to that country of married couples with children, they decided on Australia. Petronella and Michael travelled with their two small sons, on the Sibajak to Sydney, arriving 11 June 1953. The family then spent four months at Scheyville Migrant Camp near Windsor in New South Wales. Their third son was born at Windsor Hospital, the first night they were at Scheyville.\nAround October 1953, Michael found that he could obtain work in Canberra, so the family moved there. They lived on Russell Hill for a time before moving to Braddon. Petronella quickly realised the difficulties faced by women when they first arrived in a new country. She believed that without being able to speak English many migrant women suffered from a lack of confidence restricting their daily lives and integration into the community. Because of the influx of new immigrants into the A.C.T after the war, the Good Neighbour Council had been established in Canberra on 22 March 1950. In these early years, new settlers were welcomed on their arrival at the Canberra Railway Station and at social gatherings held every Sunday afternoon. Petronella joined the St. Patrick's branch of the Catholic Women's League and the Good Neighbour Council with the primary aim of assisting new women settlers. She organised functions for women and children from many countries, working with them in a friendly and unbiased manner regardless of nationality. She advocated strongly the need for consultation between migrant groups and government bodies, so that migrants were made aware of issues surrounding family and criminal law and human rights.\nIn the late 1960s, she taught part-time at St. Patrick's Primary School and at Aranda Primary. She loved teaching children particularly. During 1970, still with a young family herself, she successfully completed a Certificate in Fashion at the College of Technical and Further Education in Canberra. This was essentially the beginning of a long career as a specialist artisan, as she has gone on to inspire generations with her dedication as a teacher and skill as an embroiderer and lace-maker. Between the years 1970 and 1986 she taught Embroidery, Needlework and Fashion at St. Clare's Catholic College in Canberra. In the year 2000, for three months, she undertook a teaching and lecturing tour of New Zealand. In 1982, during a journey she and Michael took to the Netherlands to meet family, she studied lace-making at Brugge, Belgium.\nUp until 2003, she continued to give workshops on lace-making and embroidery transferring her knowledge and crafts generously to many students.\nHer work has been exhibited across Australia and in many parts of the world notably:\n\u2022 1980 - her work was exhibited at the 1st Australian Fibre Conference, Melbourne.\n\u2022 1997 and 2002 - her lace adaptation of the Bok Tower Carillon was exhibited at the Bok Tower Gardens, Florida, U.S.A .\n\u2022 2000 - at the Canberra Museum & Gallery. She was invited by the Belgian Embassy to select and curate their lace exhibition - From Belgium with Lace.\nFor several years she played a prominent part in bringing to Australia international lace makers and textile designers such as Victoria van Strik. In 2006 she received a grant from the government of the Netherlands to assist with the celebration of the 400th Anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in Australia. She spoke four languages, English, Dutch, French and German. She was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in June 2013.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/state-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-good-neighbour-council-of-the-australian-capital-territory-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/southern-stitches\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/act-womens-honour-roll-celebrating-local-women-on-the-100th-anniversary-of-international-womens-day\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-petronella-wensing-1946-1987-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woodrow, Carol Joan", "Entry ID": "AWE4882", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woodrow-carol-joan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Actor, Director, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Carol Woodrow has pursued a wide-ranging career in theatre in Canberra for many years. In the 1970s through her work with Canberra Youth Theatre, she provided opportunities for young people to learn about drama through improvisation. At the Jigsaw Theatre Company, she worked with professional actors to develop and present work for schools. In the 1980s and 1990s she worked as a freelance director of avant-garde and community theatre with several ensemble companies, developing new scripts and nurturing new playwrights, and also directed plays for professional theatre companies.\n", "Details": "Born on 20 August 1943, Carol grew up in Melbourne in a family with great enthusiasm for the theatre. Her parents, Bill and Sarah Armstrong, founded the Children's Theatre Guild of Victoria (which became the Youth and Children's branch of the Melbourne Theatre Company). While still at school, Woodrow started acting professionally at age 13 on stage, radio and television, performing with, among others, Barry Humphries. She studied acting with Irene Mitchell at St Martin's Theatre for five years.\nAfter moving to Canberra with her young family in 1962, she acted in plays with the Canberra Repertory Society and later, ran drama workshops for young people. Then in 1972, influenced by the ideas of British educator Dorothy Heathcote, she established the Canberra Youth Theatre to provide opportunities for young people to learn about drama through improvisation. She was also the founding director of the Jigsaw Company Theatre-in-Education in 1974 where she worked with professional actors to develop and present work for schools. She was artistic co-ordinator of the Youth Program for the National Festival Australia '75 .\nShe founded the Fool's Gallery Theatre in 1979 to explore ensemble devised theatre with strong visual imagery, heightened theatrical poetic and ritual qualities, and challenging content. The company staged and toured some powerful feminist theatre such as It Bleeds, It Sleeps and Standard Operating Procedure, and ran for five years.\nIn 1984 Woodrow returned to text-based works as artistic director of Interact Theatre. The company staged some memorable productions in the ANU Arts Centre, including Ben Jonson's Bartholomew Fair. She also worked as director and dramaturg with Playworks (1986-88) and the Playwrights Conference (1985, 1993-96), developing new scripts and nurturing new playwrights. She ran courses in the ACT for the Australian National Playwrights' Centre, and was on the Board of the Centre for several years.\nIn 1989, Interact Theatre combined forces with Eureka! Theatre to form the Canberra Theatre Company, with Woodrow as director. This attempt to establish a mainstream, full-time professional theatre company in Canberra was assisted by funding from the ACT Arts Development Board, and a number of productions were staged including Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, but following the withdrawal of corporate sponsorship, it wound up in 1991.\nWoodrow was also a freelance director for many other companies. John Bell, who had admired her work for many years, invited her to direct The Merchant of Venice, the inaugural production by Bell Shakespeare, which was staged in a circus tent near the Canberra Aquarium in 1991. She also directed for the Nimrod Theatre, the Sydney Theatre Company, the Belvoir Street Theatre, the Griffin Theatre, and the Troupe Theatre.\nIn Canberra in the 1990s she directed a series of classics for Canberra Repertory, including Ibsen's The Doll's House and Rattigan's The Winslow Boy, as well as staging new Australian works, with her company Wildwood, at the Street Theatre. She continues to direct, as part of the 'Season at the Street', developing new repertoire in a similar way to her earlier work with playwrights.\nOn Australia Day 2012 Carol Woodrow was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to the performing arts, to youth theatre as an artistic director, and to the development of women playwrights in Australia. At the time, she said that working with an ensemble of actors is 'the most creative way to achieve the best work because the team members become so nuanced with each other' and that 'experiential drama, through play for children, is the best tool to teach anything by getting them involved imaginatively'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/member-am-in-the-general-division-of-the-order-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-lifetime-career-in-theatre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-carol-woodrow-theatre-producer-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Salthouse, Sue", "Entry ID": "AWE4889", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/salthouse-sue\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Feminist, Human Rights Advocate, Leader, Teacher", "Summary": "Sue Salthouse worked in the area of social justice from 1996, playing an active role in the systemic advocacy for women with disabilities. In Canberra she ran her own consultancy company that specialised in work in the disability sector and conducted social research, policy analysis and advice in a number of areas beyond disability advocacy, including project development and management, conference facilitation and TAFE teaching. She worked extensively with Women in Adult and Vocational Education (WAVE) to develop leadership training projects for women, including women in Aboriginal communities. She worked in a voluntary capacity for Women with Disabilities ACT and Rights International (Australia).\nIn 2015, Sue was Canberra Citizen of the Year, in recognition of her outstanding commitment and contribution as a disability advocate. In late 2019, Sue was further acknowledged for her enormous contribution to the public good when she was awarded the honour of 2020 ACT Senior Australian of the Year. Sue Salthouse died in a motor vehicle accident in Canberra on 20 July 2020.\nRead an interview with Sue Salthouse in the online exhibition Redefining Leadership.\n", "Details": "Sue Salthouse described her introduction to the disability sector as 'arrival by surprise'. She was forty-five when she fell off a horse in the Snowy Mountains, and embarked on her life of 'new opportunity' in a wheelchair. The learning curve was steep and physically challenging, but the recently retired ex-president of Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) was adamant when she claimed that 'psychologically I have had more difficult things to deal with in my life, despite the challenges my accident presented'. (Interview) \nBorn in 1949 in McKinnon, Melbourne, Salthouse had a happy childhood, sharing the love of her parents with one older sister, whom she adored. She attended Kilvington Baptist Girls Grammar, a small private school with a community spirit that she credits with setting her on a humanitarian path. A small school offered her any number of opportunities to take on leadership roles, which she adopted with great relish, although she did experience a crisis of conscience when offered the role of head prefect. Conditional upon the offer was the requirement for her to be confirmed. She agreed to the condition, but not without some reflection on the nature of hypocrisy. Why did the school think she had to be confirmed to perform a leadership role? How much was she prepared to compromise in order to take on a leadership role? Salthouse says it was a pivotal moment in her life and a difficult decision for a teenager to make. To this day, she is not sure that she made the right decision, but she did compromise and became head prefect in 1966.\nAfter completing secondary school, Salthouse enrolled in Agricultural Science at the University of Melbourne in 1967. Inspired by the 'green revolution' of the 1960s, she wanted to further her understanding of the environment and at the time, agriculture seemed like the best way of combining her love for science with a passion for environmental issues. After graduating, she worked as a field officer for the (then) Victorian State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, where she mainly did scientific writing. Although she enjoyed this work, what she really wanted was a job that enabled her to travel. So in 1972 she completed a Diploma of Education at La Trobe University. Here, she engaged in political ideas and innovative teaching methods that focused on flexible learning environments and a view of education as an instrument of change.\nAfter a placement at Lorne Higher Elementary School in Victoria, Salthouse moved to Alice Springs High School where, amongst Aboriginal communities she learnt profound lessons about the power of education as an instrument against discrimination and a path towards self determination. Working with women in these communities, she gained an appreciation of their openness, their wisdom, their respectfulness and their capacity for listening and understanding. She credited this experience with her own emerging conceptualisation of leadership as facilitation. For Salthouse, the hallmark of a good leader was someone who is able to consult and connect in order to solve a problem. It might be a more complex way of achieving outcomes than traditional authoritative models, but she believed it to be the most effective way of proceeding in the sector she knew best, non-government organisations: no one person can possess all the skills required to lead in this area, especially in advocacy organisations, so a good leader recognises the skills in the collective, nurtures them and calls upon them when required. This non-hierarchical 'hub and spoke' model associated with early feminist organisations was something she first gained an appreciation of when working in Alice Springs. As well as learning from Aboriginal communities, she was an early member of the Alice Springs chapter of the Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL).\nAfter the Alice Springs experience, Salthouse travelled overseas to Kathmandu to trek in the Himalayas. There she met the man she would marry (a widower with children). The family spent another 3 years in Nepal (1978-81) and 3 years in Italy (1985-88), before returning to live in Canberra in Australia. She was not on any confirmed career path and was relatively happy taking the time to look after the family, while her husband pursued his career in aid organisations. When their marriage broke down, she returned to teaching. Despite the barriers to advancement that existed for women teachers in the ACT, in the early 1990s she felt she had a good career ahead of her as a teacher.\nIn April 1995, Salthouse had her accident. After a lengthy period of rehabilitation, she returned to teaching but found that she had lost confidence in her ability to do the job and felt isolated from other staff members in ways she had not expected. The principal helped her to move towards what she calls 'a graceful retirement'. Around this time she met Carolyn Frohmader from Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) through her wish to become involved in sport for people with disabilities. Frohmader asked if she would like to work for them and the rest, as they say, is history. For most of her life in a wheelchair, Sue Salthouse was involved with WWDA. She was president for a term in 2009 -2012.\nSalthouse always had a commitment to social justice issues and her immersion in the world of disability advocacy provided her with new perspectives on how best to work for, and on behalf of, people who feel powerless and discriminated against. Disability is not a medical problem, it is a human rights issue and 'the work of WWDA is grounded in a rights based framework that links gender and disability issues to the full range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights'. (WWDA Annual report 2009-2010). Salthouse was proud of the leading role WWDA took in creating this framework at an international level, a prime example being its work to ensure that a specific article on Women (Article 6) was included in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a Treaty ratified by Australia in 2008.\nAs far as Salthouse was concerned the strength and efficacy of WWDA has always been its people and their commitment to the issues, rather than their egos. This is not to say that individuals are not forthright in stating a case they strongly believe in. 'Leaders must have presence,' she says. 'They can't be too self-effacing' (Interview). But they must speak from the group and towards the outcome. Creating a structure where all members of an organisation feel they can contribute to a discussion, where the issue is what is important, not the person who promotes it in public, was the type of leadership Salthouse aimed to provide.\nLeadership training for women with disabilities was also important, according to Salthouse. 'It's crucial that WWDA empowers and endorses women with disabilities in leadership roles.' (WWDA Annual report 2009-2010) They must 'have a seat at the table', not only because the voices of women with disabilities must be heard but because there is enormous symbolic importance attached to women with disabilities being seen to be leaders. They need to be able to demonstrate to themselves and the able-bodied people around them 'I look like you, only sitting down'. (Interview).\nSue Salthouse was posthumously appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2022 for significant service as an advocate for people with disability, and to the prevention of family violence.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-2009-2010\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sue-salthouse-interviewed-by-nikki-henningham-in-the-women-and-leadership-in-a-century-of-australian-democracy-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tillyard, Pattie", "Entry ID": "AWE4900", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tillyard-pattie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Borstal, Kent, England", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Community Leader, Teacher", "Summary": "A student of Newnham College, Cambridge, and a suffragist, Pattie Craske completed a natural sciences degree in botany with second-class honours at a time when the university did not grant degrees to women. After teaching in England, she married Australian entomologist, Robin Tillyard, in Sydney. In 1928, by then the mother of four daughters, she moved to the small, isolated community of Canberra where she became a leader in community, sporting and university organisations and was elected to the Canberra Community Hospital Board in 1935. She was the social face of the growing city, renowned for her welcome to newcomers, in later years being regarded as the 'grande dame' of Canberra.\n", "Details": "A student of Newnham College, Cambridge, and a suffragist, Pattie Craske completed a natural sciences degree in botany with second-class honours at a time when the university did not grant degrees to women. After teaching in England, she married Australian entomologist, Robin Tillyard, in Sydney. In 1928, by then the mother of four daughters, she moved to the small, isolated community of Canberra where she became a leader in community, sporting and university organisations and was elected to the Canberra Community Hospital Board in 1935. She was the social face of the growing city, renowned for her welcome to newcomers, in later years being regarded as the 'grande dame' of Canberra.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tillyard-pattie-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Faupula, Sioana", "Entry ID": "AWE4901", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faupula-sioana\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kolomotua, Tonga", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Community Leader, Teacher", "Summary": "Tonga-born Sioana Faupala graduated from Sydney Teacher's College in 1959. She taught at the Queen Salote College before marrying Halote Faupula in 1966. From 1972-82 she and their three children lived on the Yirrkala Mission in Arnhem Land following her husband's appointment as its Methodist minister. There she taught in the Yirrkala Primary School. After subsequent appointments to Uniting Church parishes in Dee Why and Kurri Kurri in NSW, Halote retired to Canberra where he died in 2000. Sioana worked in the Pacific Manuscript Bureau at the Australian National University's College of Asia and the Pacific, participated in Tongan language broadcasts and was an active member of the Multicultural Women's Advocacy and the City Uniting Church's social welfare programs. She was also a Uniting Church Elder, assistant Chair of its Tongan congregation and President of both the Canberra Tongan and Pacific Islands United Associations.\n", "Details": "Sioana Faupola was born in Kolomotua Tonga on 23 February 1938, the first of the seven children of Ana Palu and Salesi Manoa Havea, a magistrate, Member of Parliament and later Minister for Police in the government of Tonga. Following her graduation from the Queen Salote College, from 1957-59 she undertook teacher training at Sydney Teacher's College. On her return to Tonga in 1960 she taught at the Queen Salote College before her marriage in 1966 to Halote Faupula, then a teacher of agriculture. Following her husband's ordination as a Methodist Minister in 1972, Sioana and her three young children accompanied him to the Methodist mission at Yirrkala on the Gove Peninsular, Arnhem Land, where she lived from 1972-82. She taught for three years at the Yirrkala Primary School then worked as an assistant to its Principal. In 1982 she moved with her husband to Dee Why, where he was appointed Minster in the Uniting Church, and to Kurri Kurri in the Hunter Valley in 1993 when he transferred to that parish. On his retirement in 1997 she moved to Canberra where her husband became an associate Minister in the City Uniting Church where he died in 2000. Sioana worked in the Pacific Manuscript Bureau of the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University, translating and collating documents of the nineteenth century Wesleyan missionary to Tonga, Shirley Wildemar Baker. She participated in Canberra Multicultural Radio and SBS Tongan broadcasts, was an active member of the Multicultural Women's Advocacy and was President of the Queen Salote College Ex-students' Association. She was also an Elder in the City Uniting Church where she taught Sunday school, participated in its support services for women and the homeless, and was Assistant Chair of its Tongan congregation, Toe Talatalanoa. From 2010 Sioana was President of the Tongan Association of Canberra and President of the Pacific Islands United Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sioana-faupula-interviewed-by-ann-mari-jordens-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Barkman, Frances", "Entry ID": "AWE4966", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barkman-frances\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kiev, Russia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Read more about Frances Barkman in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Blackall, Alice Kate", "Entry ID": "AWE4984", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackall-alice-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Alice Kate Blackall in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bluett, Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE4988", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bluett-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Paddington, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Mary Bluett in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burrow, Kathleen Mary (Kate)", "Entry ID": "AWE5002", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burrow-kathleen-mary-kate\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mudgee, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Croydon, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Catholic lay leader, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Kate Burrow in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Darling, Barbara", "Entry ID": "AWE5045", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/darling-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Bishop, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Barbara Darling in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gracious-and-gentle-pioneer-was-a-role-model-for-anglican-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Doudy, Jane Sarah (Jeanne)", "Entry ID": "AWE5056", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doudy-jane-sarah-jeanne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "England", "Occupations": "Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Jeanne Doudy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Edgar, Patricia", "Entry ID": "AWE5067", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edgar-patricia\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Children's television activist, Media policy developer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Patricia Edgar in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harken, Nennie", "Entry ID": "AWE5114", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harken-nennie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Equal pay campaigner, Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Nennie Harken in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Harris, Thistle Yolette", "Entry ID": "AWE5117", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/harris-thistle-yolette\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mosman, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Summer Hill, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Biologist, Botanist, Conservationist, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Thistle Harris in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hopgood, Susan", "Entry ID": "AWE5138", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hopgood-susan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cohuna, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Susan Hopgood in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lawson, Betty", "Entry ID": "AWE5184", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lawson-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Prahran, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Equal pay campaigner, Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Read more about Betty Lawson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marshall, May", "Entry ID": "AWE5210", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marshall-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Bicton, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about May Marshall in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McGowan, Catherine (Cathy)", "Entry ID": "AWE5220", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcgowan-catherine-cathy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Albury, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Farmer, Parliamentarian, Rural leader, Teacher", "Summary": "Cathy McGowan was elected to the Australian Parliament in the House of Representatives as the Independent Member for Indi at the 2013 Federal election.\nRead more about Cathy McGowan in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Menon, Padma", "Entry ID": "AWE5228", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/menon-padma\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kerala, India", "Occupations": "Artistic director, Choreographer, Dancer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Padma Menon in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mulcahy, Ellen", "Entry ID": "AWE5239", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mulcahy-ellen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Central County Cork, Ireland", "Death Place": "Abbotsford Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political and industrial organiser, Political candidate, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Ellen Mulcahy in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nadebaum, Margaret Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE5242", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nadebaum-margaret-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Chief Executive Officer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Margaret Nadebaum in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Parker, Evelyn Helena", "Entry ID": "AWE5260", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parker-evelyn-helena\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hangkow, China", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Mayor, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Evelyn Helena Parker in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Simpson, Martha Margaret Mildred", "Entry ID": "AWE5307", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/simpson-martha-margaret-mildred\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Omagh, Tyrone, Ireland", "Occupations": "Lecturer, School inspector, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Martha Simpson in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sinclair, Amanda", "Entry ID": "AWE5308", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sinclair-amanda\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Beaumaris, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Amanda Sinclair in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Standley, Ida", "Entry ID": "AWE5315", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/standley-ida\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Child welfare worker, Community worker, Teacher, Welfare worker", "Summary": "Read more about Ida Standley in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stewart, Nancy", "Entry ID": "AWE5317", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stewart-nancy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Clinical psychologist, Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Nancy Stewart in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Szunejko, Halina Teresa", "Entry ID": "AWE5324", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/szunejko-halina-teresa\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Nowopole, Poland", "Occupations": "Community activist, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "Read more about Halina Teresa Szunejko in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nHalina received a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in January 1989 for services to education and the Polish community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wauchope, Mavis Lorelei", "Entry ID": "AWE5347", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wauchope-mavis-lorelei\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kensington Park, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Mavis Wauchope in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Weir, Margaret Williams", "Entry ID": "AWE5352", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/weir-margaret-williams\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Educator, Naval officer, Teacher", "Summary": "Read more about Margaret Williams Weir in our sister publication The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia.\nMargaret Williams passed away in 2015, not long after she was recognised for her contribution to the development of Indigenous education policy by the University of Melbourne through the naming of the Dr Margaret Williams-Weir Lounge in the Melbourne Graduate School of Education, and the Dr Margaret Williams-Weir Vice-Chancellor's Fellowship, of which Noel Pearson is the inaugural recipient.\nA life-long educator, Dr Williams-Weir was an Alumna of University Women's College, where she was offered a scholarship. She was the first Aboriginal graduate of an Australian University.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-aboriginal-graduate-margaret-williams-weir-honoured-by-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Atkinson, Roslyn Gay", "Entry ID": "AWE5447", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/atkinson-roslyn-gay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts administrator, Barrister, Educator, Judge, Lawyer, Solicitor, Teacher", "Summary": "Roslyn Gay Atkinson AO is a Justice of the Supreme Court of Queensland, having been appointed to that position in 1998. In 2002 she also became the Chairperson of the Queensland Law Reform Commission, and served in that role until her retirement in 2013.\n", "Details": "Roslyn Gay Atkinson was born in November 1948 in Brisbane, to Oliver John Scott (Jock) Atkinson, DFC, and Heather Noelle Atkinson. She attended Brisbane Girls Grammar School (1962-1965), before graduating Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English language and Literature (1970) and Bachelor of Educational Studies (1975) from the University of Queensland. She obtained a graduate certificate in Speech and Drama at Rose Bruford College in the United Kingdom.\nJustice Atkinson initially pursued careers in the arts and education. She was a teacher from 1970 to 1974 and then became an Actor and Theatre Administrator from 1974 to 1978, before becoming a Lecturer of Literature, Drama, Film and Australian Studies at the Queensland Institute of Technology. In 1985 she entered the legal profession by becoming an Articled Clerk at Feez Ruthning. The following year she was an Associate to the Honourable Justice Brennan, then a Justice of the High Court of Australia. She was admitted to the bar in 1987 and practised there until her appointment to the Supreme Court.\nJustice Atkinson then completed a Bachelor of Laws degree with first class honours at the University of Queensland (1985). She received the Feez Ruthning Prize in Company Law (1983), the Ruthning Memorial Scholarship (1984), the Women Lawyers Prize (1984), the Virgil Power Prize (1984), the Morris Fletcher & Cross Prize (1984) and the Wilkinson Memorial Prize (1984). She commenced articles of clerkship at the Brisbane firm, Feez Ruthning (1985), and then served as Associate to Brennan J of the High Court of Australia (1986).\nOn 23 February 1987, she was admitted as a barrister of the Supreme Court of Queensland and commenced practice at the bar in Brisbane. Whilst in practice at the bar, Justice Atkinson also served as a member of the Social Security Appeals Tribunal (1988-1990), a member (1990-1996) and deputy chair (1994-96) of the Queensland Law Reform Commission, a member of the advisory committee to the Law Faculty at the Queensland University of Technology (from 1991), a member (1992-94) and later inaugural president (1994-1997) of the Anti-Discrimination Tribunal, and a hearing commissioner for the Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission (1994-1997). She also served as a member of the management committee of the Caxton Legal Service and as subeditor of the Queensland Reports.\nOn 3 September 1998, Justice Atkinson was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland. Thereafter she also served as chair of the Queensland Law Reform Commission (2002-2014).\nJustice Atkinson has made contributions to the development and strengthening of judicial institutions internationally. Her Honour served as President of the International Commission of Jurists (Queensland) from 2000 to 2013. Her Honour led a delegation to South Africa in 1999 to advise with regard to the implementation of Equality Courts and presented at Anti-Discrimination Law workshops for the South African judiciary in 2000. In 2005, Justice Atkinson gave presentations at a training workshop for Iraqi Judges on International Human Rights Law. Justice Atkinson was Delegation Leader for the International Bar Association's Report on Independence of the Judiciary in Fiji. Her Honour is a Vice-President of the International Association of Judges' Study Commission on the Independence of the Judiciary.\nHer Honour is a Member of the National Judicial College of Australia's National Indigenous Justice Committee. In that role, she led a project in 2013 that was aimed at better informing courts and the legal profession in Queensland about many urban, remote and regional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Her Honour is also Co-Editor of the Equal Treatment Bench Book of the Supreme Court of Queensland.\nIn 2015, Justice Atkinson was made an Officer of the Order of Australia 'For distinguished service to the judiciary and to law reform in Queensland, through contributions to the legal profession and to promoting awareness of issues of injustice and inequality in Australia and internationally.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judicial-profile-of-the-honourable-justice-roslyn-g-atkinson-ao\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roslyn-atkinson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bath, Melina", "Entry ID": "AWE5474", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bath-melina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Businesswoman, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Melina Bath was appointed Member for Eastern Victoria representing the Nationals Party in the Legislative Council of the Parliament of Victoria on 16 April 2015. She holds the position of Nationals Whip in the Legislative Council.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ryan, Joanne Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE5524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ryan-joanne-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Werribee, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, School principal, Teacher", "Summary": "Joanne Ryan, a member of the Australian Labor Party, was elected Member for Lalor in the House of Representatives of the Australian Parliament at the September 2013 election. She currently holds the position of Opposition Whip.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Evans, Ada Emily", "Entry ID": "AWE5543", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/evans-ada-emily\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Essex, England", "Death Place": "Kurkulla, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Teacher", "Summary": "Ada Emily Evans began her professional life as a teacher, but later blazed a trail for women in the legal profession. In 1902, at the University of Sydney, she was the first woman in Australia to earn a Bachelor of Laws, graduating at a time when New South Wales law did not allow her to practise. She was admitted to the NSW Bar in 1921 after changes to the legislation, thus becoming the first woman to be admitted to the bar in New South Wales.\n", "Details": "Ada Emily Evans was born on 17 May 1872 in Essex, England. Ada and her family immigrated to Sydney in 1883. Her mother came from a legal family and Ada was convinced of the necessity for women lawyers to remedy the prejudices of the entirely male legal system. When Ada enrolled in the Sydney University Faculty of Law, the Dean, Professor Pitt Cobbett, would not accept women law students. Ada enrolled when he was absent on leave and could not prevent her entry. Upon his return, Professor Cobbett told Ada that 'her frame was so light that she should become a doctor'. Nevertheless, Ada continued her studies and in 1902 became the first Australian woman to complete her law degree.\nAda Evans applied to be registered at the Supreme Court as a student-at-law. She was rejected on the basis that a legal practitioner had to be a \"person of good fame and repute\" and the legal definition of \"person\" did not include being a woman. From 1902 until 1918, Ada campaigned for her admission. During those years, she wrote articles on women's issues for the Australian Star newspaper under the pen-name \"A.L.B\", postulated to be an acronym for \"a lady barrister\".\nIn 1918, legislation was passed to allow women to enter the legal profession in New South Wales. In 1921, Ada Evans became the first woman to be admitted to the New South Wales Bar. Ada never practised due to the lapse of time since her graduation, poor health and family commitments. Confident and intelligent, Ada Evans was also an expert pistol shot and golf player. She died at Kurkulla on 27 December 1947.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/evans-ada-emily-1872-1947\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-evans-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-women-in-the-legal-profession-in-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/law\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kavanagh, Tricia Marie", "Entry ID": "AWE5574", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kavanagh-tricia-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Arbitration commissioner, Barrister, Commissioner, Industrial officer, Judge, Lawyer, Solicitor, Teacher", "Summary": "The Hon Dr Tricia Marie Kavanagh is a trailblazing Judge, Barrister and Arbitrator, particularly in the areas of sport and industrial relations.\n", "Details": "The Hon Dr Tricia Marie Kavanagh is a trailblazing judge, barrister and arbitrator, particularly in the areas of sport and industrial relations. An Irish Australian, Kavanagh began her career as a teacher in 1962, but five years later moved to New York to work for the Australian Consulate. Following her return to Australia, Kavanagh was Industrial Officer of the Shop Assistants Union from 1971 to 1973. She served as Childcare Commissioner on the Commonwealth Children's Commission from 1973 until 1975. In 1975, Tricia married the Hon Laurie Brereton, a Company Director and Former Cabinet Minister of Australia and New South Wales. She has two sons.\nKavanagh worked as Industrial Officer of the Australian Workers Union from 1976 to 1980 whilst she studied her Bachelor of Laws at University of Technology Sydney. She graduated and was admitted to the Bar in 1981 where she worked in employment law, workers compensation law and administrative law.\nIn 1998, Kavanagh completed her PhD thesis on legal issues relating to drugs in sport. The same year, she was appointed to a joint Commission as a Justice of the New South Wales Industrial Court and Deputy President of the New South Wales Industrial Relations Commission. During these years, she sat on the New South Wales Racing Appeals Tribunal and as Deputy Chair of the New South Wales Medical Tribunal. She retired in 2012.\nSince its inception in 2000, Tricia has presided as an Arbitrator on the Court of Arbitration for Sport. She was the Australian nominated Arbitrator on the Court's Ad-hoc Division for the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Tricia is currently Governor of the University of Notre Dame, a position she has held since 2010. She has been Director of Transplant Australia since 2009. A recipient of a liver transplant, Tricia is passionate about improving the clinical system of organ and tissue donation. In 2012, Tricia also became the Director of the Kolling foundation, the fundraising foundation for the Royal North Shore and Ryde Hospitals and the Kolling Institute.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/justice-left-hanging-in-the-breeze\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Williams, Leslie Gladys", "Entry ID": "AWE5584", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/williams-leslie-gladys\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Kangaroo Island, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Business owner, Nurse, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Leslie Williams was elected Member for Port Macquarie representing the National Party in the Legislative Assembly of the New South Wales Parliament in 2011. From 2015 she served as Minister for Early Childhood Education, for Aboriginal Affairs and Assistant Minister for Education.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Smith, Tamara Francine", "Entry ID": "AWE5595", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/smith-tamara-francine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Parliamentarian, Solicitor, Teacher", "Summary": "Tamara Smith was elected as the Member for Ballina representing the Greens Party in the Legislative Assembly of the New South Wales Parliament in 2015.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Webb, Raelene", "Entry ID": "AWE5612", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/webb-raelene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Gawler, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Chairperson, Lawyer, President, Public speaker, Queen's Counsel, Solicitor, Teacher, Tribunal Member", "Summary": "Raelene Webb QC holds a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Physics from the University of Adelaide and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Queensland. She was admitted to the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory and the High Court of Australia in 1992. In 2004, she was appointed Queen's Counsel. Prior to her five year appointment on 1 April 2013 by the Attorney General, as President of the National Native Title Tribunal (NNTT), Raelene was named as one of the leading native title silks in Australia. She has appeared as lead counsel in many native title and Aboriginal land matters and has advised upon and appeared in the High Court in most land-mark cases on the judicial interpretation and development of native title\/Aboriginal land law since the decision of Mabo V Queensland (No 2).\nRaelene became a fellow of the Australia Academy of Law in August 2013 and delivered the Annual Richard Cooper Memorial Lecture at the TC Beirne School of Law, University of Queensland, at the end of September 2013. She was a recipient of the 2014 Law Council of Australia President's Medal, in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the legal profession in Australia.\nOn receipt of the award, Raelene encouraged other women thinking of taking risks with their careers to be brave.\n'I marvel how it is that a shy country girl coming to the law in mid-life, finds herself here receiving this prestigious award and in the company of so many distinguished lawyers who have themselves contributed so much to the legal profession, both personally and through their work with the Law Council of Australia.\nMy advice to all who are contemplating scaling the walls of the legal profession, and particularly to women: be courageous, be bold, and above all, be passionate about the law.'\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Raelene Webb for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Raelene Webb and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nMs Raelene Webb QC holds a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Physics from the University of Adelaide and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Queensland. She was admitted to the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory and the High Court of Australia in 1992. In 2004, she was appointed Queens Counsel.\nRaelene was born at Gawler, South Australia in 1951, the elder of two children of Ray and Joyce Webb. At that time her father was teaching at nearby Reeves Plains. Shortly thereafter Raelene's family moved to Batchelor in the Northern Territory where Ray had been appointed the first headmaster of the Batchelor Area School. Her family returned to South Australia in 1955 where Raelene commenced her education, graduating from Adelaide University in 1971 with a Bachelor of Science (Honours), majoring in physics.\nRaelene then returned to the Northern Territory and taught at Alice Springs High School, transferring to Casuarina High School around 1972. Both of her sons were born in Darwin (in 1974 and 1977) but the advent of Cyclone Tracy led to a temporary relocation back to Adelaide in 1975. After returning to Darwin in 1976, in addition to managing several small businesses, Raelene also lectured part-time at the Darwin Community College in mathematics. She was then appointed Acting Head of Commercial Studies on a full-time basis, establishing an Education Program for Unemployed Youth at the College during that period.\nAfter completing half of the Bachelor of Accounting Course at Darwin Institute of Technology, Raelene commenced law studies in 1986 externally with Queensland University. She continued to lecture part-time at the Darwin Institute of Technology in building science and mathematics, and then worked for 18 months as a management trainer\/consultant with the Northern Territory Centre for Management Training.\nIn August 1989 Raelene commenced her legal career as an associate to his Honour Sir William Kearney, then Justice of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, before moving to the Department of Law (now the Department of Justice) where she commenced articles in 1991; also completed her Bachelor of Laws in that year. During 1990-1991 Raelene lectured for several semesters in Taxation Law for the Bachelor of Business course at the Northern Territory University, calling in aid her previous business\/management and accounting experience as well as legal training.\nRaelene was admitted to legal practice in the Northern Territory in 1992. From that time and until joining William Forster Chambers in March 1999, Raelene practiced, in effect, as a member of Counsel in Chambers with Mr Tom Pauling QC, the Solicitor General for the Northern Territory and Mr Graham Nicholson, previously Senior Crown Counsel and Constitutional Advisor to the Northern Territory Government. Her position as Crown Counsel was formalized in 1994 although she had been acting in that capacity since 1992.\nAs Crown Counsel Raelene gave legal advice to the Northern Territory Government on a wide range of complex legal matters, including administrative law, constitutional law, government contracts, torts generally and particularly liability of public authorities, medical negligence, mining law, native title and Aboriginal land matters.\nThe particular demands of Crown Counsel required that Raelene rapidly develop the advocacy skills necessary to research, prepare and present complex cases, many of which were destined to be finally determined by the High Court where Raelene made numerous appearances as junior counsel with the Solicitor General for the Northern Territory, and with other leading senior counsel, particularly in constitutional matters and later in native title\/Aboriginal land matters. During her period as Crown Counsel, Raelene also deputised for the Solicitor General on a number of occasions at meetings of Solicitors General.\nRaelene's move to the private bar in Darwin in 1999 allowed her to expand her practice, and she rapidly developed a national practice, appearing for and advising clients in most States and Territories. Between 1999 and 2011 Raelene practiced from William Forster Chambers. From 2009 she was Head of William Forster Chambers, before she left to establish Magayamirr Chambers in July 2011.\nFrom 2010 to 2012, Raelene was President of the Northern Territory Bar Association, and a Director of the Law Council of Australia. She held the position of Honorary Treasurer of the Australian Bar Association in 2012 and was Vice President of that association in the following year, prior to her appointment. In 2011 Raelene was awarded a Board Diversity Scholarship and undertook governance training with the Australian Institute of Company Directors to assist her in these roles.\nA significant part of Raelene's practice at the private bar was in the Federal Court and the High Court, first addressing a Full Bench of the High Court in 2001. In August 2001 the Honourable Justice Michael Kirby, in a speech to the Victorian Women Lawyers' Association, lamented the few speaking parts of women before the High Court in Australia, naming Raelene as one of only 6 women who had addressed the High Court from the central rostrum during his term of office. Over the next two decades, Raelene continued to argue matters in the High Court, advising upon and appearing in most land-mark cases on the judicial interpretation and development of native title\/Aboriginal land law since the decision of Mabo v Queensland (No 2) in 1992. Just prior to her appointment Raelene was named as one of the leading native title silks in Australia.\nRaelene became a fellow of the Australian Academy of Law in August 2013 and delivered the Annual Richard Cooper Memorial Lecture at the TC Beirne School of Law, University of Queensland, at the end of September 2013. She was a recipient of the 2014 Law Council of Australia President's Medal, in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the legal profession in Australia. Raelene is in great demand as a public speaker on a range of topics, native title matters especially, and has presented or chaired sessions at various conferences throughout Australia and internationally, including at the Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty held in Washington DC in March 2015. In April 2015 Raelene gave a number of public lectures at Canadian universities and was a guest speaker at the University of Northern British Columbia's Global Fridays Speakers Series.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/congratulations-to-president-raelene-webb-qc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hall, Marlene Ann", "Entry ID": "AWE5618", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hall-marlene-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Public servant, Teacher", "Summary": "Marlene Hall rose to become a highly regarded specialist in the field of aged care law, and the first person to be appointed as Special Counsel Aged Care Law in the Commonwealth Department of Health. Hall came to the law after a career as an English teacher; studying for a Bachelor of Laws degree at night school in order to graduate, she attributes her background in English language and literature, and her work at weekends in nursing homes over the years, to the later success she experienced in her dealings in complex aged care law matters. She made a significant contribution to public sector law, including through the national 'Living Longer Living Better' aged care policy reforms.\nMarlene Hall was interviewed by Kim Rubenstein for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Oral History Project. For details of the interview see the National Library of Australia CATALOGUE RECORD.\n", "Details": "Marlene Hall received her primary education at St Felix School in the southwestern Sydney suburb of Bankstown, before attending (with the assistance of a state bursary) Our Lady of Mercy College, Parramatta, in central western Sydney, for two years. She later graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Arts with first class honours in English.\nAfter marrying a fellow student, she worked as a tutor in the English Department at the University of Sydney before travelling to Europe, she and her husband intending to complete postgraduate degrees in English in the United Kingdom. Shortly before leaving Australia, however, Hall impulsively applied for scholarships for the couple to study at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Upon arriving in London, Hall and her husband received correspondence from the Hebrew University informing them of their success and so, in 1968, they went to Israel to begin further studies.\nThe year which she spent in Israel gave Hall a chance to reflect on her career and she decided she would study medicine when she came home. In March 1969 she gave birth to a son. Following her return to Australia, Hall's marriage ended. As a single parent, the option to study medicine was not possible and she returned to tutoring, this time in the English Department at the University of New South Wales. She completed a Diploma in Education by correspondence from the University of New England; she also obtained a Master of Arts degree with first class honours in English from the University of Sydney.\nOver the next 16 years Hall enjoyed a rewarding career as a high school English teacher at Kincoppal Rose Bay Convent of the Sacred Heart, Newington College and Queenwood School. However, she perceived drawbacks to remaining a teacher, including the need to rely on the aged pension in retirement because of the lack of superannuation in the private school system, and she enrolled at the University of Technology Sydney in a Bachelor of Laws degree which could be undertaken part-time in the evenings.\nAfter graduating with a Bachelor of Laws degree, Hall joined the Commonwealth Department of Health as a Graduate Administrative Assistant in 1995. A secondment to Parliament House as Departmental Liaison Officer in the Parliamentary Secretary's Office provided Hall with critical insight into how laws are made and how the Senate operates. In the Department of Health, Hall worked in Aboriginal health and the hearing services program before obtaining a Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice and moving to the Department's Legal Services Branch. Shortly afterwards she embarked upon a Master of Laws degree in public and commercial law at the Australian National University. Hall was soon invited to join the Complaints and Compliance Taskforce Legal Unit, a new taskforce which would deal with aged care compliance matters.\nIn the ensuing 14 years before she retired, Hall applied her expertise in aged care law, the position of Special Counsel Aged Care Law being specially created to allow her to concentrate on the more complex aged care law matters in the Department of Health. Hall's legal training enabled her to have an immediate and practical impact on the quality of life of extremely vulnerable older people, including advising on compliance action against nursing home operators who were providing poor quality care. Together with Departmental officers, members of the aged care law team and the Office of Parliamentary Counsel, Hall went on to deliver the 'Living Longer Living Better' aged care policy reforms for the nation.\nThe following additional information was provided by Marlene Hall and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\nIf I were asked to name a book that has had the most influence on my life, it would be a brochure published in the 1950s called Careers for Graduates of the Faculty of Arts.\nAlong with my classmates in third year (year 9) at St Felix School, Bankstown, I had undertaken a vocational guidance test conducted by the Vocational Guidance Service and I had nominated nursing as my chosen career. Nursing was an attainable career for working class girls from Bankstown with the Intermediate Certificate awarded at the end of third year. We knew (or thought we knew) what nurses did and nurses were trained on the job and were paid while they trained.\nWhen we received the results of our vocational guidance tests, other girls who had nominated nursing received packages of information about how to apply for training positions. I received a letter stating: \"While your own choice of nursing is well within your capabilities, we suggest that you consider careers available to graduates of the Faculty of Arts\". Enclosed was a brochure setting out information about careers such as teaching and journalism and, crucially for me, matriculation requirements for entry to Sydney University.\nI had only ever met one person who had been to university - Sister Justinian, who taught our class in first year (year 7). Sister Justinian had taken me aside one day and suggested that I should consider going to university. She explained that I would need to study Latin, as it was an entry requirement, and offered to teach me Latin at lunch time while she supervised the tuckshop queue. I had turned up hopefully a few times for the promised Latin lessons, but it appeared that she had forgotten our conversation. (It became increasingly evident, as the year wore on and the first year classroom became more and more chaotic, that Sister Justinian was suffering from early stage dementia.)\nI had kept alive for a few months the hope of attending university by borrowing a book called Teach Yourself Latin from Bankstown Municipal Library and working my way through the exercises, but eventually I had to face the fact that I would not be able to reach matriculation standard by my own unaided efforts. Now, two years later, reading Careers for Graduates of the Faculty of Arts, I found to my surprise that Latin was no longer a matriculation requirement. (It had ceased to be a requirement in 1945.)\nA new potential stumbling block presented itself. At least one science subject was required for matriculation and St Felix School, along with many other parish schools for Catholic girls in the 1950s, lacked the resources to teach any science subjects. There was a window of opportunity, however, in that geography would be taken to meet this requirement for a few more years - just long enough, as it happened, for me to meet the matriculation requirements if I sat for the Leaving Certificate in 1961. Our third year teacher, Sister Bonaventure, was willing to teach geography after school to any girl who chose to sit for the externally examined Intermediate Certificate with the aim of winning a state bursary. I studied geography after school with the wonderful, irascible, Sister Bonaventure, sat for the external Intermediate Certificate and was awarded a state bursary to pay for two more years of schooling.\nThe bursary paid my school fees at Our Lady of Mercy College, Parramatta. I sat for the Leaving Certificate in 1961 and obtained what used to be called a 'maximum pass'. With financial support from a Commonwealth scholarship and a state bursary awarded on the basis of my Leaving Certificate results, I enrolled in the Faculty of Arts at Sydney University to study English, modern history and philosophy.\nOn the eve of my enrolment my father, who was a factory worker, suggested that I study medicine. I didn't think this would be possible given that (geography notwithstanding) I had not studied any science subjects. The thought of studying law never crossed my mind. I don't think anyone I knew had ever met a lawyer. Although there must have been lawyers practising in Bankstown, I don't recollect ever walking past a lawyer's office. In the years I spent at Sydney University, law students were not part of the campus milieu because the Sydney University law school was located down town, in Phillip Street. This meant that informal opportunities to get to know what was involved in the study of law, such as discussions with law students over coffee in the Union, did not exist.\nI graduated with first class honours in English, married a fellow student and we both worked as tutors (ie associate lecturers) in English at Sydney University before setting off for Europe with the idea of completing postgraduate degrees in English in the UK. Shortly before embarking on the Galileo Galilei, however, I saw a notice in the Sydney Morning Herald about scholarships to study at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. On a whim, I submitted applications for both of us. After back-packing from Genoa to London we found, waiting at Poste Restante in Trafalgar Square, letters from the Hebrew University offering us scholarships. The lure of adventure was too great and, abandoning plans to study in England, we consulted an atlas in a public library to ascertain where Israel was and set off on our pilgrimage to Jerusalem.\nThe scholarships were designed to give recipients the opportunity to experience life in Israel rather than to obtain a formal postgraduate qualification. We were encouraged to take an intensive course in Hebrew and to enrol in any other subject that appealed to us. I chose to take a course in American social history taught by a visiting professor from Columbia University. This course has influenced my thinking ever since.\nThe year in Israel gave us an opportunity to take stock and we decided not to pursue academic careers in English but to change direction and study medicine when we returned to Australia. We also decided that the time was right to have a child and our son was born in Jerusalem in March 1969.\nOn our return to Australia, I became a high school English teacher to support my husband while he studied medicine. The plan was that, when he graduated, he would support me while I studied medicine. Our marriage broke up, however, and as a single parent who needed to work full time I had no real prospect of being able to study medicine, although I did commence studying science by correspondence in the hope that I might be able to work out a way to do so.\nI became a tutor in the English department at the University of New South Wales, completed a Diploma in Education by correspondence from the University of New England, Armidale, and commenced work towards a Master of Arts in English at Sydney University. I was awarded a Master of Arts degree with first class honours.\nOne of my colleagues in the English department at UNSW was Michael Crennan. His wife, Susan, had been an English teacher and was completing a law degree at Sydney University. It was through Sue Crennan that I became interested in studying law. She invited me to accompany her to a Women in the Law lunch and I realised that a career in law might be possible. I made enquiries about enrolling in the Solicitors Admissions Board course by correspondence, but I was told that the correspondence option was only available to students who did not live in the Sydney metropolitan area. I would have had to attend evening lectures, but as my son was too young to be left alone at night this was not an option.\nFor the next twelve years I had an interesting and rewarding career as a high school English teacher, becoming head of English at Newington College and at Queenwood School. I realised, however, that there were virtually no opportunities for progression beyond head of department level in the private school system for a teacher without a religious affiliation. In addition, with no access to a superannuation scheme in the private school system, I would need to rely on the aged pension in retirement if I continued in my teaching career. I again explored the possibility of studying law while continuing in my very demanding full time job.\nI found that the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) offered a law degree that could be studied part time in the evenings. The information booklet stipulated, however, that students must be able to attend classes on at least one afternoon each week in addition to evening lectures. This would not have been possible for me because the school at which I taught had a rotating timetable. Even if I had been able to negotiate a free afternoon it would have been on a different day each week.\nIt occurred to me that the requirement to attend on one afternoon each week might not be quite as rigid as the information booklet suggested. I rang the UTS switchboard and asked to be put through to any lecturer in the law faculty who was available. I asked the lecturer whether it would be possible to complete a law degree at UTS without attending any afternoon classes. He said that he thought that it would be possible, but it might restrict my choice of units.\nOn that basis I enrolled in the LLB course at UTS. I spent the next four years working full time each day teaching English and attending evening classes at law school from 5pm to 9pm on three or four nights each week. On arriving home, I would mark English essays and prepare lessons until midnight, then take my law books to bed and read, often until 2 or 3am. Weekends were spent marking English essays and completing law assignments.\nDespite the rigours of this regime, I loved what I was doing. I loved the way the common law worked by analogy, from precedent to precedent. It was like poetry. I loved the logic and precision of legislative drafting and the dry wit of judicial judgments. My fellow students were a bunch of desperadoes with whom I could empathise - ABC presenters preparing for the day when their contracts would not be renewed, politicians whose careers could end at the next election and legal secretaries who had come to realise that they were more intelligent than the men from whom they took dictation.\nI graduated from UTS and joined the Commonwealth Department of Health in 1995 as a Graduate Administrative Assistant (GAA). This gave me the opportunity to learn the ropes by moving around the department and learning how things are done in the public service. When there was a change of government in 1996, I was sent across to Parliament House as Departmental Liaison Officer in the Parliamentary Secretary's office. This was an immensely valuable experience as it gave me an insider's perspective on how the Senate works - how political deals are done and laws are made.\nOn returning to the department I worked in Aboriginal health, as a member of the project team setting up the Office of Hearing Services and as the legislation project officer for the introduction of Lifetime Health Cover. While working on these projects I completed a Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice at the Australian National University. On completion of the Lifetime Health Cover project, which involved working closely with legislative drafters, I was offered a position as a legal officer in the Department's Legal Services Branch.\nI realised that, because I had got off to a late start in my legal career, I needed to fast track my acquisition of knowledge of public and commercial law. Therefore I enrolled in a Master of Laws degree at the Australian National University soon after joining Legal Services Branch. I found this course gave me valuable insights that I was able to draw upon on a daily basis.\nShortly after I joined Legal Services Branch, a taskforce was being formed within the department to deal with aged care compliance issues. I was asked to join the Complaints and Compliance Taskforce Legal Unit, which would be co-located with the taskforce, participate in aged care policy development and provide immediate and practical legal advice, day or night, when compliance issues arose. I jumped at the chance.\nAs an undergraduate at Sydney University, I had worked over the Christmas breaks in various nursing homes as an assistant in nursing. Since then, whenever I needed to earn extra money to keep on top of my mortgage, I had worked on weekends in nursing homes. I felt that the invitation to join the taskforce was an opportunity to work in an area of the law where my work could have an immediate practical impact on the quality of life of extremely vulnerable older people. For the next fourteen years, until my retirement, I specialised in aged care law. I became the section head responsible for the work of the aged care law team until the position of Special Counsel Aged Care Law was created to enable me to concentrate on the more complex aged care law matters in my final years with the Department.\nThe eyes of young law graduates assigned to Legal Services Branch would generally glaze over when they were offered the opportunity to join the aged care law team for a rotation. They imagined that aged care law was a sleepy backwater. This was far from being the case. Taking compliance action against a nursing home operator who was providing poor quality care often led to hard-fought challenges in the Administrative Appeals Tribunal or the Federal Court. The day to day work of an aged care lawyer included advising on multi-million dollar contracts, sorting out complex administrative law matters, drafting legislative instruments and working with the Office of Parliamentary Counsel on the reform of primary legislation. I particularly enjoyed providing legal awareness training to line officers, the department's executive and the Minister's advisers as this often helped to nip problems in the bud.\nLooking back on my career as an aged care lawyer, I gain most satisfaction from the knowledge that, by working with counsel to defend the Department's compliance action in courts and tribunals, I have assisted in removing some of the worst operators from the aged care industry. Providing advice on complaints about aged care providers was also particularly rewarding. It often required lateral thinking to resolve seemingly intractable disputes and I was able to draw on my first-hand experience of working in aged care to come up with practical solutions.\nLegislative reform was the focus of my work in the final years before my retirement. Legislative drafting requires a feel for the English language, for such things as the weight of a word and the effect of a parenthesis, which I had developed through my study of English literature. Drawing on these English language skills together with my knowledge of the existing aged care legislative scheme, how the legislation had been interpreted over the years by courts and tribunals and the practical realities of how aged care is delivered drew together the various strands of my academic studies and working life. Working with Departmental officers, members of the aged care law team and the Office of Parliamentary Counsel on delivering the Living Longer Living Better aged care reforms was a satisfying way to end my legal career.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marlene-hall-interviewed-by-kim-rubenstein-in-the-trailblazing-women-and-the-law-oral-history-project\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McKimm, Catherine", "Entry ID": "AWE5638", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mckimm-catherine\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Lawyer, Solicitor, Teacher", "Summary": "Catherine McKimm graduated from the Australian National University (ANU) College of Law in 1975; one of the 10% of her class who were women. After spending a short period of time developing her litigation skills as an insurance lawyer, she decided to strike out on her own. She moved to Northern New South Wales where she and a friend established their own legal practice. While not always lucrative, running her own practice meant she could work in areas that truly interested her and fulfil her sense of social justice through the law. Some examples of the work she did include a Land and Environmental Court action acting on behalf of a local community organisation who were endeavouring to stop the development of a hard rock quarry in a river which formed the headwaters of the local town water supply and a Federal Court action involving a single mother who sued one of the big four banks after her husband lost their life savings gambling on the foreign currency market.\nGo to 'Details' below to read a reflective essay written by Catherine McKimm for the Trailblazing Women and the Law Project.\n", "Details": "The following additional information was provided by Catherine McKimm and is reproduced with permission in its entirety.\n\nIn the 1960s when I was young, women became nurses and teachers not doctors and lawyers. I had the good fortune to be brought up in a home where it was not only accepted, but expected, that I go to university, despite being female. I had the added advantage of attending a convent school where we were actively encouraged to pursue a university education. Consequently I found myself stepping into the Law Faculty at the Australian National University in March 1971. There weren't many women among my peers. At my graduation 6 years later there were even less. I recall that, out of about 80 law graduates in the graduating class of 1975, only about 10% of us were women.\nAfter attending the ANU College of Law and an abbreviated gap year, I returned to Australia to start looking for work in the private profession. It was a demoralising time. I sent out at least 50 - 60 applications and received only limited responses and, on rare occasions, I was invited to an interview. One interview I recall well was with a Canberra firm where the two male partners adopted a particularly intimidatory approach to the interview process. Whilst one stood behind me, the other fired questions at me, many of a personal nature. My patience was exhausted when the partner standing behind me spoke for the first time: \"So when is the first one due?\" I stood, turned to look at him and replied, \"Thank you for your time. I don't think this firm is for me\". As I walked out of the room they both appeared shocked by my impudence, leaving me with some small satisfaction.\nIt took about 6 months to find a job. I was lucky enough to take a position with the anachronistically named Abbott Tout Creer & Wilkinson. The Canberra firm was led by two particularly progressive partners, Robert McCourt and David Harper. I remain indebted to them for their confidence in me, their guidance in the law, their tutelage and their ethics. Over the next two years I was thrown in at the deep end, encouraged to run my own litigation, appear before various magistrates and judges - some cranky, some kindly - and to rapidly develop my skills as a litigation lawyer.\nUltimately insurance law was not for me. My family had been highly politicised by the Vietnam War which embedded in me a strong commitment to social justice. I decided that the best way that I could fulfil that sense of social justice through the law was to start my own legal practice. 1979 saw myself and a close friend from A.N.U. making our way to the north coast of New South Wales to open our own legal practice. Although initially derided as the 'hippie lawyers' by colleagues in town and by the local business world, we gradually managed to gain sufficient respect to grow our business into a strong and healthy legal practice.\nOver the ensuing 32 years, the freedom of being a partner in my own firm gave me the opportunity to pursue cases that were not always financially sustainable but that were to me, more importantly, morally sustainable. Some of these cases were very time and resource consuming without being particularly monetarily rewarding. A few examples: a Land and Environmental Court action acting on behalf of a local community organisation who were endeavouring to stop the development of a hard rock quarry in a river which formed the headwaters of the local town water supply; a plethora of cases arising from a dispute between a neighbouring landowner and a recently established lesbian feminist cooperative; a Federal Court action involving a single mother who sued one of the big four banks after her husband lost their life savings gambling on the foreign currency market. As well there were the many victims' compensation claims, in which I worked primarily for victims of child sexual assault. It was not always easy to rationalise the payment of compensation for a young life damaged and often destroyed but there was an indefinable sense of fulfilment in helping these young people to receive recognition for the crimes committed against them.\nI see these as my major achievements but there were numerous other cases which I was able to take on and which proved to be morally satisfying and which sustained my commitment to social justice issues.\nThe Federal Court action also offered me the opportunity to become a published author. In the early 1990s the case attracted a significant amount of media attention, following not too long after the Amadio decision, and addressing similar issues arising from the manner in which big banks dealt with their customers. The legal arguments revolved around a bank's obligations and responsibilities to women holding joint accounts with their husbands. The case was literally settled on the Court room steps. Later my client, who had become a close friend, encouraged me to co-author a book with her about the litigation and our mutual experiences running the case. The book was published in 2005 by Random House under the title 'Til Debt Do Us Part', a title used as a headline by the journalist, Anne Lampe, in her newspaper coverage.\nI also gained satisfaction from my involvement in voluntary community education programs, various governing boards in the fields of health, education and women's issues. I urge all new lawyers to actively participate in their communities, not only for the work that it brings into your firm, nor only for the benefits that this work offers to the community at large, but also for the personal fulfilment that is gained through such 'extra-curricular' activities . As a senior counsel said to me many years ago, \"It's good for your soul.\"\nThroughout this I managed to raise four strong and independent daughters. Like many women of my generation, I suffered the guilt of the working mother. For many years I was in the office on more weekends than I was in the home and there were many times when I questioned my choices and my commitment to my career. Now, my daughters, in their late 20s and early 30s, frequently express their gratitude for the role model that I offered them during their childhood. Their gratitude soothes my disquiet.\nAfter 34 years in private legal practice, the time came to take down my shingle and settle into a kind of retirement. My children had left home and were travelling the world. Our home seemed too quiet and empty so my partner and I decided to close my legal practice and take a belated gap year of our own. By age 58 I had graduated with a Masters degree in Applied Linguistics from the University of New England and completed a CELTA program in Berlin in Germany. For the past 4 years I have been a teacher of business English and academic English in Istanbul, Turkey, and continue to do a little legal consulting work on the side for a software development company. I have a strong sense that it has been a life well led. Perhaps one day in the future I will retire and find the time to finish that partially written crime novel that I started years ago.\nFor newcomers to the profession, I strongly advise breaking away from the traditional mould. Such a choice can make blending parenthood (if that is one's choice) and career less demanding but also, importantly, offers a freedom to pursue one's own personal career interests. These days more than 50% of law graduates are women but still there are many hurdles for women to overcome within the profession. To branch out on one's own is one way for women to avoid the strictures of the male-dominated, top-heavy large city legal practices.\n\"Life shrinks and expands according to one's courage.\" -Anais Nin\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gallagher, Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE5658", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gallagher-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Academic, Lawyer, Teacher", "Summary": "Anne Gallagher AO is a lawyer, practitioner, teacher and scholar, specialising in human rights and the administration of criminal justice. She obtained a BA and LLB from Macquarie University; a Masters of International Law from the Australian National University; and a PhD from the University of Utrecht.\nAfter teaching international law for several years at ANU, Anne sat for the national competitive examinations to enter the United Nations and was recruited in 1992 to the UN's human rights operations. From 1998 to 2002 she was Special Adviser to Mary Robinson, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and former President of Ireland. During that time Anne was at the forefront of developing the new international legal framework around transnational organized crime, migrant smuggling and human trafficking.\nSince resigning from the UN in 2003, she has been working with the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its ten Member States to strengthen legislative and criminal justice responses to human trafficking and related exploitation. This Australian-government funded program - the world's largest and most ambitious criminal justice initiative against trafficking - has been acclaimed for its impact on laws, policies and practices within and outside the ASEAN region and Anne's contribution has been widely recognized, including by the ASEAN Secretary-General.\n", "Details": "Anne has combined her career as a UN official and high-level development professional with a vocation as a teacher and independent, self-funded scholar. She has published widely in the areas of human rights and criminal justice and is, according to the United States Government, \"the leading global authority on the international law on human trafficking\". Her publications in this field include articles in major journals including Human Rights Quarterly and Virginia Journal of International Law; the official legal commentary to the UN Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking; and the sole legal reference text on this subject, The International Law of Human Trafficking, published by Cambridge University Press and awarded the 2011 American Society of International Law Certificate of Merit - Honorable Mention. The companion volume, The International Law of Migrant Smuggling, was published in 2014 to high acclaim.\nAnne continues to advise the United Nations and is the author of many UN and ASEAN documents, handbooks, research reports and training materials on human trafficking, human rights, criminal justice and the rule of law. From 2012-2015 she led in a multi-year research project, mandated by the United Nations Crime Commission, focusing on problematic elements the international legal definition of human trafficking and is currently leading a similar initiative examining the international legal definition of migrant smuggling. During the period 2011-2015 Anne was an invited guest lecturer at Cambridge University; Oxford University; the University of Glasgow; the Australian National University; the American Society of International Law; Harvard University; American University; Johns Hopkins University; Duke University; and Stanford University. In 2014 she was appointed Co-Chair of the International Bar Association's Presidential Task Force on Trafficking in Persons. Also in 2014 she was made a member of the High-level Advisory Group to the Director-General of the International Organization for Migration and, in 2015, a Member of the Track II Dialogue on Forced Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region. In 2016 Anne joined Doughty Street Chambers, the UK's leading human rights and civil liberties chambers.\nIn November 2011 Anne was awarded the inaugural Australian Freedom Award for her international work against contemporary forms of slavery. In June 2012 she was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia (AO), the country's second-highest civic honor. This appointment was made for her: \"distinguished service to the law and human rights, as a practitioner, teacher and scholar, particularly in areas of human trafficking responses and criminal justice\". Also in June 2012, Anne was named a \"2012 Hero\" by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton \"for her ambitious work in the global fight against modern slavery\". In 2013 she received the inaugural Australian National University Alumni of the Year award and, in 2015, the \"Peace Woman of the Year\" award from the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-international-law-of-human-trafficking\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anne-gallagher-worldwide-hero-class-of-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hyland, Deirdre", "Entry ID": "AWE5735", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hyland-deirdre\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Peking, China", "Occupations": "Netball Player, Sports administrator, Sportswoman, Teacher", "Summary": "Dedicated to achieving recognition of netball as an elite sport, Deridre Hyland was central to the sport's development at a state, national and international level. She played a key role in elevating the sport's public profile, direction and credibility for over more than 30 years. She was president of the Queensland Netball Association (QNA) 1974-80, the All Australia Netball Association (now Netball Australia) 1978-88, and the International Federation of Netball Associations (IFNA) 1987-91. She managed Australian teams on overseas tours in 1978, '81, and '82, and was an official delegate at the 6th and 7th world tournaments in 1983 and '87. She also served on the board of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) 1981-83 and the Confederation of Australian Sport (CAS) 1987-88. She was chair of the organising committee of the 8th World Netball Championships in Sydney in 1991. She was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for her service to netball in 1990.\nHyland was Inducted into The Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1989 as a General Member for her contribution to the sport of netball. In 2008, she was an inaugural inductee into the Australian Netball Hall of Fame as a General Member and inducted into the Queensland Sport Hall of Fame in 2010.\nHyland passed away on 29 May 2015. Netball Australia CEO Kate Palmer paid tribute to her leadership and her innovative nature that ultimately led to the transformation of a new era for Netball Australia.\n'Deirdre's leadership was characterised by her ability to share her vision and create change,' Palmer said. 'An intelligent and thoughtful person, Deirdre's legacy to netball and sport in Australia has been profound.'\n", "Events": "Appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) 'for service to netball' (1990 - 1990) \nAwarded an Australian Sports Medal (2000 - 2000)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deirdre-hyland-interviewed-by-ian-jobling-for-the-sport-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pack, Wendy", "Entry ID": "AWE5746", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pack-wendy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Wolverhampton, England, Australia", "Occupations": "Barrister, Lawyer, Senior Counsel, Solicitor, Teacher", "Summary": "In 2010, after thirty years at the Queensland Bar, Wendy Pack retired. The third woman barrister in Townsville when she began in 1980, she was the only woman at the Bar in North Queensland. She came to the law as a mature age student and as a mother who had already enjoyed a distinguished teaching degree.\nOnce established at the bar, Pack carved out a niche in the area of Family Law, where she became a specialist. She was an exemplar for women in the law in North Queensland, especially those who were trying to combine family life with a life at the bar.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wendy-pack\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cohen, Judith", "Entry ID": "AWE5782", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cohen-judith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Commissioner, Judge, Lawyer, Teacher", "Summary": "Judith Cohen was the first female commissioner of the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, appointed in 1975.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2002 - 2002)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/formidable-trailblazer-in-arbitration-judith-jacqueline-cohen-ao-lawyer-teacher-judge-7-2-1926-10-5-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judith-cohen-interviewed-by-ruth-campbell-in-the-law-in-australian-society-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Saunders, Cheryl Anne", "Entry ID": "AWE5909", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/saunders-cheryl-anne\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Quetta, India", "Occupations": "Academic, Lawyer, Teacher", "Summary": "Laureate Professor Emeritus Cheryl Saunders AO is an eminent law teacher and legal scholar with specialist interests in constitutional law and comparative public law.\n", "Details": "The first woman to be appointed as a professor to the University of Melbourne's Faculty of Law, Cheryl Saunders' legacy lies not least in the legions of students she has taught both in Australia and around the globe. It is also evinced in the immense volume of publications she has contributed in the areas of constitutional law, administrative law, constitutional reform, comparative constitutional law, and federation. For many, Cheryl Saunders' name is synonymous with the Melbourne Law School's Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies, which she pioneered as founding director and with which she has been closely involved since its establishment in 1988.\nFor many years Saunders has been active in public debates concerning constitutional matters in Australia and also overseas. A reflection of the esteem in which her expertise is held abroad can be seen in the many occasions she has been a visiting academic; and in the involvement she has had in constitution building processes on other countries. She is author of a number of submissions and reports, of which a notable example is the 1994 report she was asked to undertake into significant Aboriginal areas in the vicinity of Goolwa and Hindmarsh during the Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy.\nSaunders has been a member of, and held senior positions with, such organisations as the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) (2008 - current); the International Association of Constitutional Law (IACL), where she has been a President Emeritus since 2007 after having been president from 2004; the Judicial Remuneration Tribunal (Vic) (2005-2010); International Association Centres for Federal Studies (president 2005 - 2010); Commonwealth Archives Council (1984 - 1988); and of the Administrative Review Council 1981 to 1993. She has been a foundation member of the Australian Academy of Law since 2007. Between 1991 and 2000, Saunders was deputy chairman of the Constitutional Centenary Foundation, chaired by the Rt Hon. Sir Ninian Stephen.\nIn 2009, in recognition of her services - particularly to the IACL and to the Universit\u00e9 Panth\u00e9on-Assas (Paris II) - France conferred upon Saunders the Chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d'Honneur. In Australia she had been awarded the Centenary Medal in 2003 \"(f)or service to constitutional law and as President of the Administrative Review Council\". She was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1994 \"for service to the law and to public administration\".\nSaunders was born in Quetta, India and came to Australia in 1949. She was educated at Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School and the University of Melbourne (BA 1966, LLB(Hons) 1967, PhD Law 1976). She has an honorary doctorate from the University of Cordoba, Argentina. She is married to the Hon. Ian Baker, a former Australian politician and journalist. She has two surviving children from an earlier marriage, to David Wells, and six grandchildren. In 2016, Melbourne Law School launched the 'Cheryl Saunders Scholarship' which will support students enrolled at Melbourne Law School who have demonstrated both academic merit and financial need.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-law-school-academic-awarded-legion-dhonneur\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheryl-saunders-scholarship-launched\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Stapleton, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE5919", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stapleton-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Barrister, Lawyer, Teacher", "Summary": "Jane Stapleton was appointed Distinguished Professor of Law at the Australian National University, Canberra, in 2016.\n", "Details": "Professor Jane Stapleton has had a stellar international career in legal academia.\nIn 2016, Stapleton, who had previously served as Research Professor in Law at the ANU College of Law, Australian National University, Canberra, since 1997, was appointed Distinguished Professor of Law at the University. The appointment followed her pre-election on 1 March 2016 as the 38th Master of Christ's College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. She is due to take up the post of Master on 1 September 2016.\nStapleton is currently Ernest E. Smith Professor of Law at the University of Texas at Austin School of Law; a Statutory Visiting Professor at the University of Oxford; Honorary Bencher of Gray's Inn; a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Law; a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy; and Emeritus Fellow at Balliol College. She is also a barrister of the High Court and Supreme Court of New South Wales.\nStapleton's first degrees were in science: she graduated with a Bachelor of Science (Honours) from the University of New South Wales in 1974 and then went to the University of Adelaide, where she gained a PhD in the field of physical organic chemistry in 1977. Realising in the chemistry laboratories in Oxford's Lemsfield Road where she was undertaking post-doctoral research that she did not have a passion for science, she changed direction and entered the Australian National University, a mature-age LLB student. She went on to win the University Medal and Supreme Court Judges' Prize in 1981 before studying at the University of Oxford, where she earned a DPhil in private law in 1984 and, in 2008, was awarded a Doctorate of Civil Law.\nFollowing her graduation from the Australian National University, she worked as legal and senior legal officer in the Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department before taking up a position as lecturer at the University of Sydney Law School. After a time, she went to Oxford, where she taught at Trinity College and Balliol College, before returning to teach at the ANU in 1997.\nWidely published, her research interests include private law of obligations; liability and compensations systems; comparative law; and the philosophical foundations of the common law such as causation, duty and good faith. She has held a number of visiting appointments in many jurisdictions. In 2012, Stapleton became the first woman to be appointed Honorary Fellow at St John's College, University of Cambridge.\nStapleton also has the distinction of being the only non-US recipient to have been presented with the Prosser Award (2013), bestowed by the Association of American Law Schools upon those \"who have made an outstanding contribution to the world of tort law scholarship\". Additionally, she is the only non-US Council Member of the American Law Institute.\nProfessor Stapleton is married to the law academic Professor Peter Cane.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-conversation-with-professor-jane-stapleton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Triggs, Gillian Doreen", "Entry ID": "AWE5923", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/triggs-gillian-doreen\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "London, United Kingdom", "Occupations": "Academic, Barrister, Director, Lawyer, Solicitor, Teacher", "Summary": "Emeritus Professor Gillian Triggs held the positions of President of the Australian Human Rights Commission (2012-2017) and, since 2012, Vice-President, Administrative Tribunal of the Asian Development Bank. Prior to taking up these appointments she served as dean and Challis Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Sydney (2007 to 2012) and as director of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (2005 to 2007).\n", "Details": "In 1958 Gillian Triggs, then aged 12, emigrated with her parents and sister from post-war north London, where she had attended the local convent and was enjoying studying ballet, to Australia. Her father had been a major in the British Army and her mother a Wren (member of the Women's Royal Navy Service).\nTriggs attended University High School and the University of Melbourne, where she was crowned Miss University in 1966 and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1968. In 1969 she was admitted to practise as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of Victoria.\nA scholarship took her to Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, where she obtained a Master of Laws in 1972 and worked for the Dallas Police Department, interpreting the civil rights legislation for the Chief of Police. She returned to the University of Melbourne in 1976 and undertook a PhD in territorial sovereignty which she was awarded in 1982. She then travelled to the Antarctic where she spent just over two months under the auspices of the Australian government's Antarctic Science Advisory Council.\nBetween 1996 and 2005, Triggs was Professor of Law at the University of Melbourne's Faculty of Law; she served as director of the Faculty's Institute for Comparative & International Law and also for the Centre for Energy & Resources Law.\nTriggs has had a long association with the law firm Mallesons Stephen Jaques (now King & Wood Mallesons), where she was Senior Counsel (International Law) in Singapore (1990-1993); Paris (1993-1996); and Melbourne (1996-2005).\nShe is the author or co-author of a number of books, chapters of books and articles concerned with such areas of law as environmental law, human rights, international law and the law of the sea.\nDuring her presidency of the Australian Human Rights Commission she was frequently in the media. She received criticism from the Abbott Government for the timing of the release of the report prepared by the Commission in 2015: The Forgotten Children: National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention. In response she received significant public support, including a censure motion, passed in the Senate against Attorney-General George Brandis over his attacks on her as the president of the Australian Human Rights Commission.\nTriggs is married to Alan Brown AM, the former Australian diplomat. Triggs was previously married to Melbourne law professor Sandy Clark, with whom she had three children.\nTriggs was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in January 2025 for eminent service to humanitarian and human rights law, to international relations, to social justice advocacy, and to tertiary legal education and research.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-year-that-made-me-gillian-triggs-1958\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meet-gillian-triggs-the-woman-taking-on-immigration-minister-scott-morrison\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alumni-profiles-melbourne-law-school-the-human-rights-commission-gillian-triggs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-as-active-citizens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brennan Kemmis, Roslin Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "AWE6034", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-kemmis-roslin-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Mortdale, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Advocate, Educationist, Educator, Researcher, Teacher", "Summary": "Roslin Brennan Kemmis's working life was committed to education in schools, TAFE\/VET and universities, especially for disadvantaged people: Indigenous, prisoners, people with low levels of literacy. A Riverina resident for 40 years, she taught in secondary schools (full-time, 1972-1977), and kindergarten and primary schools (part-time, 1985-1988), and adult literacy (1989-1992). She also worked as a teacher in the Education Centre, Bendigo Prison (1983-1984). From 1978, she worked part time for Charles Sturt University (and its predecessor institutions), and full time as a Lecturer in Vocational Education and Training from 1997, then Senior Lecturer (2004). She was a member of the University Council 2000-2004, and Head of the School of Education (and Associate Professor) from 2008 until her retirement from full time work in 2012.\nIn 1987, with her then husband, the late Mark Brennan, she explored linguistic inequalities in the criminal justice system. Published as 'Strange language: child victim witnesses under cross-examination', this work had significant impact internationally and nationally on the language and treatment in courts of child victims.\nAs President of the NSW Federation of Parents and Citizens Associations, 1992-1997, she was a fearless warrior, advocate and activist. She successfully advocated for the 40kpm school zones and the establishment of the Office of the Commission for Children and Young People. In 1999, she was appointed Member of the Order of Australia, for service to children and school education.\nBetween 1999 and 2006, she contributed significantly to research in vocational education and training (VET) including work on online pedagogies in VET, and apprenticeships and traineeships. In 2007, she was awarded the Carrick Medal for pioneering work embedding pathways from the VET to the university sector.\nFrom 2013-2015, with Wiradjuri elders, Ros led the development and delivery of the ground-breaking CSU Graduate Certificate course in Wiradjuri Language, Culture and Heritage.\n", "Details": "Ros Brennan Kemmis was compassionate, warm, generous, strong, kind, and fun- loving. As President of the NSW Federation of Parents and Citizens Associations, 1992-1997, she was a fearless warrior, advocate and activist. She elevated the Federation's profile, routinely stepping on the toes of vested interests. She refused to be silenced or moderated. She asked difficult questions and demanded answers for those less able to ask. She successfully advocated for the 40kpm school zones and the establishment of the Office of the Commission for Children and Young People. As President, Ros was highly visible and audible in the media, giving more than 20 interviews most days. In 1999 she was appointed Member of the Order of Australia, for services to children and school education.\nRos was born in Mortdale, Sydney to Winifred Ruth and Norman Montague Leeder, and grew up in a home with strong links to the Baptist church. Her father taught mathematics in state secondary schools, and the family placed a premium on education. Although her mother suffered frequently with mental illness, there was much warmth and support in the Leeder home. A strong commitment to social concerns and social justice informed Ros's activism, which echoed that of her grandmother, Retta Dixon Long, who, in 1905, in her late teens, founded the Aborigines Inland Mission.\nRos's family moved to Epping in 1953. There she attended primary school and later Cheltenham Girls High School, then Macquarie University. At school, Ros was progressively recognized for her energy, wide-ranging interests, rebelliousness, good cheer and commitment to social justice\nRos was a committed educator who lived in the Riverina for 40 years, where she taught in secondary schools (full-time, 1972-1977), kindergarten and primary schools (part-time, 1985-1988) and adult literacy (1989-1992). She also worked as a teacher in the Education Centre in Bendigo Prison (1983-1984). From 1978, she worked part time for Charles Sturt University (and its predecessor institutions), joining the School of Education full time as a Lecturer in Vocational Education and Training in 1997, then Senior Lecturer (2004). At CSU she was a member of the University Council 2000-2004, and Head of the School of Education (and Associate Professor) from 2008 until her retirement from full time work in 2012. As Head, she led a vibrant academic community committed to excellence in teaching, research, engagement with the education profession, and public service. In 2007 she received a Carrick Award; a national award for outstanding contributions to student learning, 'pioneering work at a national and institutional level in the embedding of a VET sector qualification into university awards, supported by robust credit transfer pathways.'\nRos was involved in many fine pieces of research. In 1987, with her then husband, the late Mark Brennan, she explored linguistic inequalities in the criminal justice system, published as 'Strange language: child victim witnesses under cross examination'. The former head of the NSW Witness Assistance Program in the Dept. Public Prosecution explained: 'Since then there have been significant legal and systematic reforms to change the way children give evidence in court.' From 1996-2015, she made many outstanding contributions to research on vocational education and training, including work on online pedagogies in VET, and on apprenticeships and traineeships. She mentored many emerging VET teachers and researchers.\nFrom 2013-2015, with Wiradjuri elders and her husband Stephen Kemmis, Ros led the development and delivery of the ground-breaking CSU Graduate Certificate course in Wiradjuri Language, Culture and Heritage.\nRos juggled academic work and activism and took joy in her family, music, Guinness and a wardrobe of lurid virtuosity. She was a gracious and extraordinarily generous host to many friends and international visitors. She was immensely good hearted, kind, thoughtful, supportive, and generous with time and energy. She made time to listen. She knew who to talk to or to lean on to make things happen. She had an infectious sense of joy.\nShe is survived by Stephen Kemmis, her brothers Stephen and Greg Leeder, her former husband Graham Allport, and is remembered as a generous, warm, loving and involved mother to Julian Allport, Tom, Alice and Eliot Brennan; and her stepchildren Standish, Jessica and Tracey, and families. She was much loved by her grandchildren.\nRos died in Wagga Wagga, of complications following treatment for cervical cancer.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/strange-language-child-victims-under-cross-examination-a-report-to-the-criminology-research-council-of-the-australian-institute-of-criminology-on-child-victim-witnesses-under-cross-examination-in-c\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/teaching-in-the-vet-sector-in-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Funder, Kathleen Rose", "Entry ID": "AWE6063", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/funder-kathleen-rose\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Psychologist, Social scientist, Teacher", "Summary": "Kathleen Rose Funder is recognised for her significant contribution to the Australian Institute of Family Studies, which she joined in 1983 as a Principal Research Fellow. During this time, Kathleen led and participated in research pertaining to the issues that determine family wellbeing. She published widely on her findings.\nKathleen was also an influential public speaker, and regularly contributed to journals, government investigations and the mainstream press.\nIn 2008, the Kate Funder Scholarships were established. The scholarships provide support for two medical students at the University of Melbourne's Newman College.\n", "Details": "Kathleen Rose Funder nee Brennan took her BA in 1963, MA in 1982 and PhD in 1993.[1] She is one of the relatively small number of women to have a Canberra Street named in her honour. Funder Street in Bruce was proclaimed in 2005. The citation notes that her research had direct practical implications and changed the lives of many.\nAfter graduation Kathleen Funder taught English at Geelong West Technical School and the Emily McPherson College before joining the Department of Education as a psychologist and, with her husband John (Director of the Baker Medical Research Institute from 1990 to 2001), brought up three children, Anna, Hugh and Joshua, all University of Melbourne graduates.\nShe joined the Australian Institute of Family Studies as a Principal Research Fellow in 1983, beginning a fifteen-year career during which she led and participated in research into the issues that determine family wellbeing - including divorce, single parenthood, care of children, and property rights. She was an influential voice in public debates, contributing to scholarly journals, government investigations and the mainstream press.\nAmong her many publications were Settling up: property and income distribution on divorce in Australia.[2] She was principal author of Settling down: pathways of parents after divorce and the sole author of the third title in the trilogy, Remaking Families: adaptation of parents and children to divorce informed by research for her PhD dissertation.[3] Many of her contributions to Family Matters deal with the rights of children of separating parents, the complexities of access, conflict resolution and the responsibilities of practitioners.\nShe was a frequent speaker at national and international conferences addressing the meetings in South Africa, Europe and the United States and the Chinese Academy of Social Science in Beijing. Much admired for her skills in both research and debate, she was described as possessed of 'a rare ability to analyse and convert the driest of statistical collections into a blueprint for change'.[4]\nThe Kate Funder Scholarships were established in 2008, providing support for two medical students at Newman College. In recognition of Kathleen Funder's early wish that she had been able to study medicine, the scholarships are normally awarded to women.\n[1] Kathleen R. Funder. Relationships between Expressed and Inventoried Career Choices in Adolescence: a cross-lagged panel correlation analysis. Thesis (M.A.) \u2014 University of Melbourne, 1983; Kathleen R. Funder. Adaptation to Divorce: a longitudinal study of parents and children. Thesis (PhD) \u2014 University of Melbourne, 2001\n[2] Settling up: property and income distribution on divorce in Australia. Compiled by the Australian Institute of Family Studies; editor-in-chief, Peter McDonald. Sydney: Prentice-Hall of Australia, 1986.\n[3] Kathleen Funder, Margaret Harrison, Ruth Weston. Settling down: pathways of parents after divorce. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 1993: Kathleen Funder. Remaking Families: adaptation of parents and children to divorce. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 1996.\n[4] John Faulks. 'Researcher Shed Light on Families in Crisis: Obituary, Kathleen Rose Funder'. Australian. 11 July 1998.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gardner, Joan Forrest", "Entry ID": "AWE6064", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gardner-joan-forrest\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Researcher, Scientist, Teacher", "Summary": "Joan Forrest Gardner took up a position at the Department of Bacteriology (now known as the Department of Microbiology and Immunology) at the University of Melbourne in 1953. During her extensive career, she taught and researched in the areas of sterilisation, disinfection and infection control.\nJoan established and lectured in advanced training courses for infection-control nurses and the staff of hospital sterilising departments. She also played an important role in the establishment of standards for sterilisers and other related hospital equipment.\nShe was an Honorary Life Member of what is now the Sterilising Research Advisory Council of Australia. In June 1992 Joan was declared an Officer of the Order of Australia.\n", "Details": "Joan Forrest Gardner came from a distinguished scientific family. Her uncle was Howard Florey, who shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, her father served as a medical officer during the First World War and practised as a physician until his untimely death in 1928 and her mother, Hilda Josephine Gardner, a brilliant medical student, became one of Melbourne's foremost haematologists.[1]\nJoan Gardner also had a brilliant undergraduate career, taking honours in most of her subjects. She took her BSc in 1940 and MSc in microbiology with a thesis on coenzymes the following year. On a part-time research scholarship from 1941 to 1946, she investigated enzymes in wheat flour in the Department of Biochemistry after which she left for the Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford University, from which she took her DPhil and published two papers in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology.[2]\nBack in Melbourne in 1953, Joan Gardner took up an appointment in the then Department of Bacteriology, now the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and began a long period of teaching and research in sterilisation, disinfection and infection control. As well as writing two books on the subject with Sydney Rubbo and Margaret Peel, she established and lectured in advanced training courses for infection-control nurses and the staff of hospital sterilising departments.[3] She also played an important role in the establishment of standards for sterilisers and related hospital equipment. Her work was recognised by being declared, in June 1992, an Officer of the Order of Australia. She was also an Honorary Life Member of what is now the Sterilising Research Advisory Council of Australia.\nOutside her professional life Joan Gardner had many interests. She was a member of the Handknitters' Guild and a longstanding supporter of the Lort Smith Animal Hospital. She was also especially interested in the riggings and sails of the different types of sailing ships. One of her obituaries mentions that as a child she liked to go to the docks and watch the movement of the ships in and out of the Port of Melbourne. [4]\n[1] 'Hilda J. Gardner, MB BS'. British Medical Journal. 13 June 1953: 1336-1337.\n[2] Joan F. Gardner. 'An Antibiotic Produced by Staphylococcus aureus'. British Journal of Experimental Pathology. v. 30 no. 2(Apr 1949): 130-138; Joan F. Gardner. 'Some Antibiotics Formed by Bacterium coli.'. British Journal of Experimental Pathology. v. 31 no.1(Feb 1950): 102-111.\n[3] Sydney D. Rubbo and Joan F. Gardner. A Review of Sterilization and Disinfection as Applied to Medical, Industrial and Laboratory Practice. London: Lloyd-Luke, 1965; Joan F. Gardner, Margaret M. Peel. Introduction to Sterilization and Disinfection. Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone, 1986 (2nd edition 1991; 3rd edition 1997).\n[4] 'Leader in the fight against infection'. Prepared by Dr Margaret Mary Peel with assistance from Joan's cousins, John (Jack) Sunter of Melbourne and Elizabeth Shephard of Adelaide. Age: January 17, 2014. http:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/comment\/obituaries\/leader-in-the-fight-against-infection-20140116-30xmf.html\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gundolf, Cordelia", "Entry ID": "AWE6067", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gundolf-cordelia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Munich, Germany", "Death Place": "Benalla, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Teacher", "Details": "Cordelia Gundolf, who taught Italian, and headed the department from 1971 to 1982, had, like many immigrants to Australia, an extraordinary life. Her father, Friedrich Gundolf (1880-1931) was a renowned literary critic and university professor, her mother, Agathe Mallachow (1884-1983) a pianist. Brought up in the heart of the German cultural elite, she learned to speak English, French and Italian as a child. She also became very competent in Latin and Ancient Greek, Spanish, and taught herself to read Modern Greek, maintaining it was not very different from Ancient Greek, once one got the hang of it.\nWhen Hitler assumed power in Germany, her mother, conscious of the peril in which her Jewish father (even after his death) might place her, asked Albert Einstein for advice. They met in Paris and following his suggestion, mother and daughter went first to Capri, where they were used to spending the summer, and subsequently to Rome. In 1935 her Italian diary, Myrtles and Mice: leaves from the Italian diary of Cordelia Gundolf was published by John Murray.[1]\nCordelia Gundolf took her doctoral degree from Rome's La Sapienza University with a thesis on Germans in Naples in the 18th century. In 1944 she married Fred Manor and at the end of the War she was employed by the Allies translating German documents into Italian. Divorced and with two young children, she took up a lectureship in the newly-established Italian Department in 1960. The Age reported the arrival of a 'dark-haired, dark-eyed' new lecturer who 'has a quick, ready smile and speaks English in a series of quick, rapid phrases', noting also that she was bilingual in German and Italian and had translated a biography of Konrad Adenauer.[2] She continued to publish scholarly articles and translate books from both English and German into Italian, among them Friedrich Meinecke's Die Entstehung des Historismus.[3]\nCordelia Gundolf's principal interest lay in Italian literature rather than language teaching and her wide knowledge and approachability made her an engaging teacher. Both of her daughters are University of Melbourne alumnae. Olivia Manor took her BA in 1968 and DipEd in 1969. She taught Italian at a number of secondary schools for almost 40 years and, with her mother's help, published two Italian text books for junior and middle secondary school.[4] Delfina Manor graduated BA DipEd in 1974. She runs Good Reading Secondhand Books in Benalla.\n[1] Cordelia Gundolf. Myrtles and Mice: leaves from the Italian diary of Cordelia Gundolf. Translated by R.W. Reynolds. London: John Murray, 1935.\n[2] 'Translator is House Hunting'. Age. 14 April 1960: 6; Edgar Alexander. Adenauer e la Nuova Germania. Naples: Politica Popolare, 1959.\n[3] Friedrich Meinecke. Le Origini dello Storicismo. Florence: Sansoni, 1967.\n[4] Olivia Manor. Dimmi una Parola. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1983; Olivia Manor. Dimmi un'altra Parola: an intermediate Italian course. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1985.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Merz, Blanche Isobel", "Entry ID": "AWE6078", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merz-blanche-isobel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Northcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Scientist, Teacher", "Details": "Blanche Isobel Merz nee Chidzey took her BSc from the University of Melbourne in 1941. Born in Northcote, she came to the University from University High School where she had won an Honours certificate in her final year and was awarded a 1938 non-resident Exhibition worth \u00a310 from Queen's College. In deference to her father's wishes she did not take up the place she was offered by the Faculty of Medicine, studying Science instead, with a view to a career in teaching. Armed with majors in Physics and Pure Mathematics as well as her Diploma of Education, she travelled to Glasgow as an exchange teacher in 1948. She was followed to Britain by Kurt Merz whom she had known in Melbourne and they were married in the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral by Hewlett Johnson, the 'Red Dean' in 1950.\nBoth Blanche Merz and her husband were active politically. Kurt Merz, born in 1921, was a refugee from Austria who had arrived in Australia in 1939 and was a member of the Melbourne University Labor Club. He completed his degree despite being classified as an enemy alien and wrote a number of pamphlets on religion and revolution and the place of the individual in Soviet Russia. He died in 1993.[1]\nOn their return to Melbourne, Blanche Merz taught at Mt Scopus, MacRobertson Girls' High School and St Catherine's School before joining the staff of the University's Faculty of Architecture and Building. In 1959, she gave a paper to the Mathematical Association of Victoria which was published in Master Classes in Mathematics, on the history of mathematical notation from the ancient to the relatively modern notations of the last three or four centuries.[2]\nAlthough she was initially appointed to contribute to the development of courses in mathematics and environmental science under the direction of Professor Brian Lewis and Elizabeth and Alan Coldicutt, Blanche Merz is best known for her work from the 1970s onwards in the physics of light and colour. She joined the Illuminating Engineering Society of Australia in 1968 and was elected its first female Fellow in 1987. She delivered several papers on the subject of colour at its meetings, the last in 2003.\n[1] See Pamphlets held in the Communist Party of Australia and McLaren Collections in Special Collections. http:\/\/library.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0003\/1687503\/CPA-Pamphlets.pdf\n[2] W.M. Stephens (Ed.) Master Classes in Mathematic. Melbourne: Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2006\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Nicholls, Yvonne Isabel", "Entry ID": "AWE6079", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholls-yvonne-isabel\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Activist, Administrative officer, Author, Civil Libertarian, Public speaker, Teacher", "Details": "Yvonne Isabel Nicholls nee Miles took her BA from the University of Melbourne in 1936 and her MA from the University of Sydney in 1972 with a thesis entitled Thai Kenaf: a case-study of a new cash crop in a developing country of Southeast Asia. Her interest in Thailand was sustained by a ten-year residency, during a life of travel, following her marriage in 1940 to Frank Nicholls (1916-2013) who had a long career in scientific administration in Australia and overseas.[1] The couple spent the war in England, where she headed the unit in Australia House charged with photographing and sending secret documents to Australia.\nOn her return to Australia, Yvonne Nicholls took up an appointment in Economic Geography at the University of Melbourne, occupying various positions between 1948 and 1960, after which, in Thailand, she became principal of a former PEN English-language school, securing government patronage and overseeing its expansion to cover from kindergarten to Cambridge GCE level. In Geneva during the 1970s she published on environmental law.[2]\nAn interest in ants led to her discovering a new species during a trip to the Otway Ranges. It was named Monomorian yvonnii by the CSIRO entomologist John Clark. Her 1952 pamphlet Not Slaves, Not Citizens was used during the Yes campaign for the 1967 referendum that gave the Commonwealth the power to make laws specifically to benefit Aboriginal people.[3]\nIn Australia after 1977 she taught at several schools and the Council for Adult Education. Yvonne Nicholls was a frequent speaker in person, on radio and television. Her range of topics was prodigious, inspired by life in many countries. Her lecture 'The Fascinating History of Sex' was both popular and memorable. She told an interviewer:\nIn sacred sex, for example, I describe rituals such as group sex in the fields, which was a fertility rite practised by the Incas in South America. When I talk about sensual sex I cite cultures such as ancient Rome where wives were the faithful watchdogs and married men sought beauty and sexual stimulation in their mistresses. Sinful sex, especially in the Judeo-Christian tradition, comes from the view of Eve as temptress.[4]\nWhen Bert Newton interviewed her on television he ensured that the legs of the grand piano were shrouded to avoid upsetting the audience.\n[1] Suzy Chandler. 'Scientist and Movie Buff Who Helped Develop Radar and Played Leading Role in Establishing Film Festival'. Age (12 February 2013). http:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/comment\/obituaries\/scientist-and-movie-buff-who-helped-develop-radar-and-played-leading-role-in-establishing-film-festival-20130211-2e8xh.html\n[2] Yvonne I. Nicholls. Source Book: emergence of proposals for recompensing developing countries for maintaining environmental quality (IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper no. 5) Morges, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1973.\n[3] Yvonne Nicholls. Not Slaves, Not Citizens: condition of the Australian Aborigines in the Northern Territory. Melbourne: Australian Council for Civil Liberties, 1952.\n[4] Mary Ryllis Clark. 'It's the Little Things in Life'. Age: 15 April 2004. http:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/articles\/2004\/04\/14\/1081838772488.html\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tellick, Peggy", "Entry ID": "AWE6086", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tellick-peggy\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Adjudicator, Teacher, Theatre performer", "Details": "Laura Margaret Tellick (1916-1992) enjoyed a varied career. Her theatrical talent showed itself early. In 1922 the Newcastle Sun reported a 'fine entertainment' in St Peter's Hall Hamilton in which she was among those who 'ably supported' the stars of 'Soot and the Fairies'.[1]\nShe graduated BA DipEd in 1940 from the University of Melbourne and her involvement with the University continued long afterwards as she acted in and directed various theatrical productions with the Students' Annual Revue and later, the Tin Alley Players. She became their President, adjudicating in that capacity at the second Tasmanian Drama Festival in 1948.[2] Peggy Tellick combined theatrical work with teaching and at the time of her Tasmanian trip (having previously worked at a school in Eltham) was teaching French and gymnastics at Camberwell High School.\nIn the 1950s she took up journalism, writing in the Australian Women's Weekly a feature article she described as 'a theoretical drop of water engaged in wearing away a stony portion of top-management mentality':\nThe scarcity of women in public life in Australia could be due less to masculine domination than to feminine complacency. But I believe that, most of all, it is due to a strongly marked Australian characteristic - distrust of the unconventional. It is conventional for women to get married and concentrate on being wives and mothers. The woman who does not conform with this convention is therefore distrusted, persistently nudged back into what is felt should be her proper sphere.[3]\nIn the early 1970s she worked in public relations for the British Nylon Spinners (Australia) Pty Ltd (later Fibremakers Australia). In 1978 Peggy Tellick took a new position at the University of Wollongong where:\nShe was instrumental in laying the foundations for the good relations which the University still maintains with the local media. She rapidly became known as something of a campus character. Her career came to a sudden and untimely end when she suffered a massive stroke while attending a Christmas function in December 1979. Although severely physically disabled, Peggy lived in the Illawarra Retirement Trust Nursing Home at Towradgi until January 1992. Peggy endured the tedium of nursing home life with great courage and during this time she retained a remarkable memory and an acerbic wit.[4]\n[1] 'Soot and the Fairies Fine Entertainment'. Newcastle Herald. 1 April 1922: 8.\n[2] Mercury. 10 April 1948: page 4; 'Of Interest to Women: Melbourne Adjudicator for Drama Festival'. Examiner. Saturday 3 April 1948: 8.\n[3] Peggy Tellick. 'No Room at the Top - for Women'. Australian Women's Weekly. 4 April 1962: 4.\n[4] 'Obituaries: Peggy Tellick'. Wollongong Outlook: the University Alumni Magazine. Autumn 1992: 23.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/40-years-40-women-biographies-of-university-of-melbourne-women-published-to-commemorate-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-international-year-of-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Macartney, Jane", "Entry ID": "AWE6092", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macartney-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Castle Bellingham, County Louth, Ireland", "Death Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropist, Religious worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Jane Macartney was a well-respected and much-loved member of both Irish and Victorian society during the nineteenth century. She dedicated much of her time to working with the sick and poor and was involved in the establishment of an Orphan Asylum, the Carlton Refuge, the Melbourne Home and the Lying-In Hospital.\nJane was the wife of Hussey Burgh Macartney, the Dean of Melbourne from 1852 until his death in 1894.\n", "Details": "Jane Macartney was born on the 19th of January 1803 at Castle Bellingham in Ireland. Throughout her early life, Jane assisted in the establishment of a Girl's School in a nearby underprivileged area. Together with her friends she raised enough money to construct the school house, as well as provide a wage for additional teachers. In addition to teaching at the school, Jane also took the time to visit those less fortunate living in the neighbourhood.\nJane married her husband, Hussey Burgh Macartney, in March 1833. As a clergyman's wife she taught every week at the Sunday school and also continued to care for the poor.\nAfter ten years of married life in Ireland, and the birth of eight children the decision was made to make the move to Port Phillip, where some of Hussey's relatives already resided.\nJane once again taught in Sunday schools when the family reached Victoria; initially settling in Heidelberg, followed by Geelong, and finally moving back to Melbourne at the height of the gold rush.\nJane assisted with the establishment of an Orphan Asylum, the Carlton Refuge, the Melbourne Home and the Lying-In Hospital, at which she was a member of the committee. Jane and her daughters visited the Asylum and the Melbourne Hospital regularly until her busy schedule refrained her from doing so.\nOne nineteenth century newspaper reported: 'Ladies at the Orphan Asylum were often surprised that a woman beyond her eightieth year was able to travel so far and to take such a lively interest in all the details; but they did not know that, instead of returning home, she went straight to the Carlton Refuge, and ladies there, who wondered at the energy with which she entered into all the business presented to the committee, had little idea that her morning had been spent in exertions for another institution eight or nine miles away.'\nJane passed away at the Deanery in 1885. There were many obituaries published in the local newspapers and between three and four hundred people attended her funeral service.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jane-macartney-diaries-1859-sept-1884-1866-missing-or-not-complete\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/macartney-family-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Feith, Betty", "Entry ID": "AWE6101", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feith-betty\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Volunteer", "Summary": "Betty Feith was a teacher and volunteer whose work inside and outside the classroom reflected her ideals of a peaceful, just and inclusive society, and her abiding Christian faith. Betty was a co-founder of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme for Indonesia, a programme established in the early 1950s that pioneered the concept of international volunteering as it is understood today. Betty herself worked in Indonesia in a volunteer capacity during the mid-1950s and again in the 1990s, both times with her husband, political scientist Herb Feith. Betty taught at schools and tertiary institutions in Melbourne and Indonesia, and the Asian Studies and Indonesian history courses she taught in Melbourne during the 1960s and 1970s were among the first of their kind in Victoria. Betty had a lifetime involvement in church and other service, including for the Christian World Service (renamed Act for Peace), the Division of Social Justice (Victoria) in the Uniting Church of Australia, and other ecumenical organisations.\n", "Details": "Betty was the eldest of four children born to George Maynard Evans and Ina Evans (n\u00e9e Shotten). The Evans family was closely involved in the Methodist church and Betty attended Methodist Ladies' College, Kew from 1944 to 1947.\nGrowing up, Betty's involvement in church and community circles included Youth Club activities, Sunday School teaching and participation in the United Nations Club. Later, she was active in the Victorian International Refugee Emergency Council, helping to provide assistance to European refugees newly arrived in Australia, and she helped to establish the Victorian Committee for Interchurch Aid and Service to Refugees. As a student at the University of Melbourne, Betty was a campaign organiser for World Student Relief. At that time, and also in later years, Betty was closely involved in the Australian Student Christian Movement (ASCM). In 1952 she was selected to represent the Methodist Youth Fellowship of Victoria at the World Council of Churches Youth Congress in Travancore, India.\nIn 1947, Betty met Herb Feith, whose Jewish Austrian parents had sought asylum from Nazism in Australia in 1939. Together, Betty and Herb undertook war relief activities, collecting door-to-door in Melbourne suburbs on behalf of Germans and other Europeans who were struggling with post-war shortages and hardships.\nBetty graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1951 with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in history and English, and a Diploma of Education. As a newly qualified teacher, Betty taught at Swinburne Junior Girls' Technical College, and Box Hill Girls' Technical School.\nIn 1950 Betty and Herb, together with a group of other University of Melbourne students and ASCM members, including John Bayly, Alan Hunt and Vern Bailey, set in motion a pioneering initiative in international aid focused on Indonesia. The main idea behind the programme - that Australian graduates would not only make available their technical expertise in response to the shortage of skilled graduates in the new Republic, but also take part in Indonesian society as a whole, living and working alongside their Indonesian colleagues - had first arisen during discussions at a World University Service Assembly that year. Betty was secretary of the initial planning committee of what would become known as the Volunteer Graduate Scheme for Indonesia (VGS). The Volunteer Graduate Scheme was the first incarnation of AVI (Australian Volunteers International), which has programmes in communities across Asia, the Pacific and the world.\nThe founders of the VGS envisaged the initiative as an expression of unity and understanding across cultures, that would promote genuine understanding of and solidarity with Indonesia. Salary equality was a central aspect of the Scheme. Volunteer graduates worked on the same pay scales and conditions as similarly qualified Indonesians - a departure from the usual custom among expatriates working in Indonesia at that time. The VGS was officially recognised by both the Australian and Indonesian governments in 1954.\nIn January 1953, while travelling home from India, Betty visited Herb in Jakarta, where he was then employed in the Ministry of Information. They became engaged, and were married on 29 December 1953 at the South Camberwell Methodist Church, Melbourne.\nFrom July 1954 to August 1956, Betty and Herb lived and worked in Jakarta, under the auspices of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme. Betty was employed in the English Language Inspectorate in the Ministry of Education, Instruction and Culture.\nIn late 1957, Betty and Herb arrived at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where Herb completed his doctorate on the decline of Indonesian constitutional democracy. The first draft of Herb's thesis was typed by Betty - an example of the close supportive role she played in Herb's work. The Feiths formed part of a circle of friends and colleagues who were from Indonesia or working in the field of Indonesian Studies at Cornell at that time, among whom was Indonesian teacher and academic, Kurnianingrat Ali Sastroamijoyo, and Australian scholar and public servant, David Penny, and his wife Janet Penny.\nThe Feiths returned to Australia at the end of 1960, living for a year in Canberra before re-settling in Melbourne with their son David and their daughter Annie. Another son, Robert, was born in 1963. After returning to Australia, Betty and Herb remained closely involved with Indonesia and with promoting understanding among Australians of their nearest northern neighbour. The family lived in Jakarta for a year in 1967, during which time Betty worked for the Indonesian Council of Churches.\nFrom 1968, Betty taught English and Asian studies at various secondary schools in Melbourne, including Strathcona Baptist Girls Grammar School. From the 1970s she taught Indonesian history and Asian studies at tertiary level, chiefly at Burwood Teachers' College and Toorak Teachers' College (both of which later became part of Deakin University). From the late 1970s Betty co-led several study tours to Indonesia in her capacity as a lecturer at the Burwood and Toorak Teachers' Colleges.\nIn 1984, Betty completed a Master of Educational Studies at Monash University. For her Masters thesis, Betty wrote a history of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme, in which she documented the ethos of the Scheme as an 'episode in education for international understanding', underpinned by a belief in racial equality and a spirit of identification with the Indonesian Republic. This history was published in 2017 in a book entitled Bridges of Friendship.\nIn addition to her community involvement with refugees, Betty's church service focused on issues to do with peace and human rights. In 1994, she and Herb co-led an international relations workshop with the Karen Burmese leaders in Manerplaw on the Thai-Burma border. Manerplaw was at that time the headquarters of the Democratic Alliance of Burma (now Myanmar), which formed in the wake of the military regime coming into power in 1988.\nFor four years from 1996, Betty and Herb lived and worked in Yogyakarta, this time through the Overseas Service Bureau's Australian Volunteers Abroad programme - the successor of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme. Betty, who had gained a qualification at Deakin University in teaching English as a second language, taught English at the University of Atma Jaya. Herb died in Melbourne on 15 November 2001.\nBetty described women in the Uniting Church as 'householders (as it were) in the tents and caravans of faith and in life, as in mutuality we pilgrim together in life's journey' (Women in Ministry, 46). This expression of common purpose, and of ideals married to actions, reflect convictions central to Betty's life and work as a whole.\n", "Events": "Actively involved in the Methodist Church throughout her life. (1899 - ) \nBetty Feith was actively involved in the ACSM during the 1940s-1950s and in later years (1940 - 1950) \nBetty lived and worked in Indonesia under Australian Volunteers Abroad program (1996 - 1999) \nBetty lived and worked in Indonesia under Volunteer Graduate Scheme (1954 - 1956) \nVictorian Area Council of the Australian Student Christian Movement (1979 - 1979) \nVolunteer Graduate Scheme (1899 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-feith-1931-2022\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-betty-feith-transfer-pending-addition-to-papers-of-herbert-feith-1946-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-from-herbert-and-betty-feith-to-anton-lucas-1971-2001-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ailsa-thomson-zainuddin\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McRae, Doris Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6110", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcrae-doris-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pakenham, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "East Brighton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress, Teacher, Unionist", "Events": "Flemington Girls School (1942 - 1949) \nUnion of Australian Women (1964 - 1966) \nVictorian Teachers' Union (VTU) (1941 - 1947)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Plumwood, Val", "Entry ID": "AWE6137", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/plumwood-val\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Terry Hills, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Author, Environmentalist, Feminist, Lecturer, philosopher, Teacher", "Summary": "Val Plumwood was an eminent Australian environmental philosopher.\n", "Details": "Val Plumwood was born on 11 August 1939 in Terry Hills, Sydney. She started her first year of philosophy at Sydney University in 1956 and, after a short break, resumed her studies in the 1960s.\nVal taught at Macquarie University, Murdoch University, the University of Tasmania, North Carolina State University and the University of Montana. She published widely during the seventies, including papers with Richard Routley (her second husband) and four books. At the time of her death, she was working on a further two manuscripts.\nIn the 1970s Val was a prominent member of a group of philosophers at the Australian National University who formed the first wave of Australian environmental philosophy. She was also an important environmental activist, and in the 1970s and 1980s was instrumental in a campaign to save rainforests in eastern Australia.\nVal received a PhD from the Australian National University in 1990 was a member of the university's Social and Political Theory Program, Research School of Social Sciences. She held visiting professorships at the University of California-Berkeley in the US, McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, the University of Lancaster in the UK and the University of Frankfurt in Germany. Val was also a Fellow at the Australian National University, first as an Australian Research Council fellow and later as a Visiting Fellow of the Fenner School of Environment & Society.\nVal passed away in late February 2008.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-val-plumwood-philosopher-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-judith-wright-1944-2000-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rockwell, Coralie Joy", "Entry ID": "AWE6138", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rockwell-coralie-joy\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Woden Valley, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Musician, Teacher", "Details": "Coralie Joy Rockwell undertook her tertiary studies at the University of Sydney, receiving an Honours degree in music in 1966 and a Diploma of Education in 1967. Coralie won a scholarship to UCLA and completed a Masters Degree in ethnomusicology in 1969.\nAfter returning to Sydney, Coralie sang alto with the Leonine Consort, the Sydney University Renaissance Players and the ANU Choral Society (SCUNA) in the 1960s and 1970s. She taught at high schools and colleges in Sydney and Canberra, and was instrumental in the foundation of the first non-Western music course at the Canberra School of Music, where she also taught.\nShe undertook research in Indonesia and South Korea, specialising in the kayagum (12-string zither). In 1975 Coralie returned to Canberra to study Chinese and later completed the Chinese major at CCAE. She spent three years with her husband Michael Sawer in Shanghai and Beijing, teaching English, studying Chinese language and researching Chinese music. From 1988 to 1990 she undertook doctoral research at the University of Sydney. Sadly, this work remains incomplete.\nCoralie was an active member of the Musicological Society of Australia (MSA), serving as President of its ACT Chapter from 1987 until 1989. She worked hard to forge links with the Shanghai Conservatorium, and to establish a gamelan ensemble at the School of Music and ANU, linked with the Indonesian Embassy. She also published widely and contributed to various MSA conferences, seminars and publications.\nAfter her death in 1991, the Coralie Rockwell Foundation was formed and raised funds to purchase an Indonesian gamelan orchestra for the Canberra School of Music.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-and-recordings-of-coralie-rockwell\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Searle, Peta", "Entry ID": "AWE6159", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/searle-peta\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Australian Rules Football Player, Coach, Mentor, Teacher", "Summary": "Peta Searle was the first female Australian Football League (AFL) coach, appointed development coach for the St Kilda Football Club in 2004. She was also the first Victorian Women's Football League (VWFL) coach to lead a team to five consecutive premiership wins.\n", "Details": "Over twenty years Peta Searle has made a remarkable contribution to the male-dominated Australian Football League (AFL).\nPeta herself had a very successful 10-year playing career, winning five premierships and being awarded three All Australian guernseys.\nIn 1996 Peta began teaching physical education at Brighton Secondary College, first at the junior campus, followed by the senior campus ten years later. She remained at Brighton until 2014.\nPeta became the head coach of the Victorian Women's Football League club, the Darebin Falcons, in 2006 and led them to five consecutive premierships.\nIn addition, Peta was the first head coach of the AFL Victoria Academy and the first female to coach in the Victorian Football League (VFL). In 2011, she was named Gary Ayres' senior assistant coach for the VFL's Port Melbourne Football Club.\nShe was appointed head coach of the Western Bulldogs women's team for the AFL's first exhibition match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), in July 2013.\nIn 2014 Peta made history by becoming the first female coach of an AFL team, appointed to the position of development coach for the St Kilda Football Club.\nPeta launched the Peta Searle Academy in 2016; a football program aimed at women and girls to develop their craft.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2017 - 2017)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Epstein, June Sadie", "Entry ID": "AWE6167", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/epstein-june-sadie\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Academic, Author, Musician, Teacher", "Summary": "June Epstein published more than fifty works in a variety of different genres. Often her biographical works told the stories of people with disabilities, in an attempt to raise public awareness about the disabled.\nq of Music, London, where she obtained a teachers diploma. On completion of diploma she was awarded a London University Scholarship to study for a Bachelor of Music.\nIn 1942 June became the music teacher at Frensham School, New South Wales, and from 1946 to 1949 she was Director of Music at Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School. During this period, June also began taking a weekly choral class at the Kindergarten Training College, Melbourne (later the Melbourne College of Advanced Education, Institute of Early Childhood Development). She remained with the institution until 1976, during which time she became Senior Lecturer-in-charge of Music.\nIn 1986 June was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the General Division for her service to the arts and to the welfare of people with disabilities.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-june-epstein-1935-1999-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-june-epstein-author-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Black, Hope", "Entry ID": "AWE6169", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/black-hope\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Curator, Mentor, Museum assistant, Scientist, Teacher", "Summary": "In 1946 Jessie Hope Black became the first woman to be appointed a curator at the National Museum of Victoria.\n", "Details": "Hope's career began in 1937 when she was appointed a museum assistant at the National Museum of Victoria. In 1946 she was promoted to Curator of Mulloscs after completing a science degree part-time at the University of Melbourne. Hope was the first woman to be appointed a curatorial position at the Museum.\nDuring her curatorship, Hope was part of the Museum's team which surveyed the Snowy River Gorge in 1947 and Port Phillip Bay from 1957-1963. She was also a member of the first group of women to travel to Antarctica as part of an Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) to Macquarie Island in 1959, and again in 1960.\nIn 1965 Hope was forced to resign from her position as curator as a result of the prohibition on employment of married women in the Victorian public service.\nHope trained as a science teacher and spent thirteen years teaching in Victorian high schools.\nHope co-authored the text Marine Mulloscs of Victoria with C. J. Gabriel in 1962 and was also a consulting malacologist to the National Science Foundation of the Philadelphia academy of Natural Sciences. She was also a distinguished member of the Malacological Society of Australasia.\nIn addition to her paid employment, Hope is also renowned for her involvement with the blind and disabled. Hope planned and supervised a biology course for blind children at the Museum and was subsequently made a Life Governor of the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind. She also established a volunteer program at the museum, a program which is still utilised extensively at the museum today. Hope was also an active advocate for services for the disabled, particularly in terms of independent housing.\nHope passed away in January 2018 at the age of 98.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/28581-typed-reference-letters-for-donald-vernon-1945-1987\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chai, Arelene J.", "Entry ID": "AWE6173", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chai-arelene-j\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Phillipines", "Occupations": "Author, Copywriter, Creative director, Teacher", "Details": "In 1976 Arlene Chai completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at Maryknoll College, Manila, and soon after began work as a copywriter for an advertising agency. Eventually Arlene became a creative director at the Ted Bates agency in Manila.\nArlene migrated to Australia with her family in 1982. Three years later she joined George Patterson Advertising in Sydney where she remained for seven years. Encouraged to write by former work colleague Bryce Courtney, Arlene published her first book in 1995.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-arlene-chai-1993-2000-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Watt, Eileen", "Entry ID": "AWE6196", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watt-eileen\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Details": "Eileen Watt received a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Diploma of Education from the University of Sydney. She taught in Katoomba, however was made redundant during the Great Depression. Eileen then went on to teach the psychology of selling, interviewed women personalities for the ABC, and worked for the Adult Education Department of the University of Sydney. After the Second World War, Eileen taught in high schools in Sydney, before retiring in 1960.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-eileen-watt-1927-1983-2009-bulk-1975-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/22-files-annotated-in-alphabetical-order-by-country-or-region-c-j-box-16-ms-1923\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hopkins, Felicia", "Entry ID": "AWE6225", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hopkins-felicia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bocking, Essex, England", "Death Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Social worker, Teacher", "Details": "After working as a governess in England, Felicia emigrated to Queensland in c.1862 with her four siblings. In 1865 she married school teacher Francis Hopkins. Felicia taught singing and needlework to the girls at Francis' school, and from 1913 - after the death of her husband - to 1924 she ran their bookselling and stationary business in Rockhampton.\nDuring the late 1860s, Felicia and her husband founded their own children's home for orphans at Athelstane Range.\nFelicia was also one of the first members of the Crusaders' Temperance and Home Mission Society in the area, which Francis and his brother had founded. In addition, she assisted with the foundation of the Band of Hope movement and held a class on her front verandah for more than 45 years.\nIn 1888 Felicia had become involved in the Young Women's Christian Association's (YWCA) Rockhampton Branch. She later became honorary secretary of this branch, a position she held for 24 years. In 1899 Felicia undertook a tour of Queensland, setting up new branches of the YWCA along the way. Felicia was also a member of the Society of Friends and the Benevolent Society.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-felicia-hopkins-1841-1986-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marriage-certificate-of-francis-hopkins-and-felicia-smith-from-the-society-of-friends\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bird, Carmel", "Entry ID": "AWE6265", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bird-carmel\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Launceston, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Teacher", "Summary": "Carmel Bird's first collection of short stories was published in 1976. Since this time she has produced novels, essays, anthologies, children's books and also guides for writers. In the 1980s and 1990s she worked as a literary editor for Fine Lines, Australasian Post and other literary journals.\nCarmel graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Tasmania and, after obtaining her teaching diploma, worked for a time as a teacher.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-carmel-bird-1987-2000-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmel-bird-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-carmel-bird-novelist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carmel-bird-manuscript-collection-1983-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-cassandra-pybus-1956-2008-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marion-halligan-circa-1970-circa-2003-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mem-fox-1961-2006-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chadwick, Doris Annie", "Entry ID": "AWE6270", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chadwick-doris-annie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Author, Editor, Teacher", "Summary": "Doris Chadwick was born in 1899 to parents Sheldon Western Chadwick and his wife Annie. Her father was a former editor of the Daily Examiner and the Newcastle Morning Herald.\nDoris held a Bachelor of Arts degree and originally trained to be a secondary teacher, however she relinquished those duties to undertake journalistic work for the New South Wales Education Department. Doris was the assistant editor of the Department's School Magazine from July 1924 to 1948 and editor from 1949 to 1962.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doris-chadwick-manuscript-history-of-school-education-in-australasia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-doris-chadwick-1942-1960-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-miss-doris-chadwick-editor-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bee, Barbara", "Entry ID": "AWE6335", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bee-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Author, Teacher", "Summary": "Barbara Bee was a TAFE vocational education teacher for over thirty years and an adult literacy teacher at the Sydney Institute of Technology.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-literacy-materials-for-women-1991-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Chomley, Violet Ida", "Entry ID": "AWE6377", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chomley-violet-ida\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Moorabee Station, near Heathcote, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bedford, England", "Occupations": "Councillor, Secretary, Teacher, Traveller", "Summary": "Violet Ida Chomley was born in 1870 to parents William Downes Chomley and Sarah Simmonds (Cooper). Violet attended the Presbyterian Ladies' College and afterwards studied at the University of Melbourne, receiving a Bachelors degree in mathematics in 1890 and a Masters degree in 1893. After graduation Violet was employed as a secondary school teacher.\nIn 1902 Violet left Australia and travelled overseas for approximately six months. She settled in England in mid-1903 and began teaching soon after, first at the Christ's Hospital Girls' School and then at the Bedford High School. In 1921 Violet took up a position as a full-time secretary and in 1936 she was elected to the Bedford Town Council. Violet Chomley passed away in Bedford on March 26, 1957.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1902-dec-20-1957-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Aaron, Shani", "Entry ID": "AWE6400", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aaron-shani\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher" }, { "Title\/Name": "Prins, Romy", "Entry ID": "AWE6407", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prins-romy-2\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Accountant, Teacher" }, { "Title\/Name": "Llewellyn, Becky", "Entry ID": "AWE6575", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/llewellyn-becky\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Minnesota, United States of America", "Occupations": "Composer, Teacher", "Summary": "Becky Llewellyn migrated to Australia in 1969. She has worked as a special education teacher, a disability access consultant and as a composer. Becky's composing career began in the mid-1980s. She studied at the Adelaide Elder School of Music and in 1991 founded the Composing Women's Festival in Adelaide.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dulcie-holland-1931-2000-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-composing-womens-festival-1991-1991-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Shotlander, Sandra", "Entry ID": "AWE6584", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shotlander-sandra\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Actor, Feminist, Playwright, Teacher", "Summary": "Feminist playwright, actor, and teacher Sandra Shotlander is a regular feature at Melbourne's La Mama Theatre, and at Women Playwrights International conferences around the world. She has founded several theatre companies including Mime and Mumbles deaf theatre group, and believes strongly in the importance of women creating their own narrative and telling their own stories.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jones, Elizabeth May (Liz)", "Entry ID": "AWE6588", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jones-elizabeth-may-liz\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Actor, Advocate, Refugee Advocate, Teacher", "Summary": "Actor and teacher Dr Elizabeth Jones has been the Artistic Director of La Mama Theatre since 1976. For 20 year prior she was a teacher of English, History, Drama, and Politics in Australia and Indonesia. She has worked over many years as an advocate for refugees and First Nation's peoples, and is invested in La Mama being a place of support for minority and independent artists.\n", "Events": "Appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) 'for distinguished service to the performing arts as an artistic director, administrator and performer, to the promotion of Indigenous playwrights and actors, and to the community.' (2012 - 2012)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cosh, Janet Louise", "Entry ID": "AWE6612", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cosh-janet-louise\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ashfield, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Moss Vale, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Botanical collector, Botanist, Teacher", "Summary": "Janet Cosh was the only child of Dr John and Louise Cosh (n\u00e9e Calvert). Janet attended the University of Sydney, where she studied English, History and the Classics. She moved to the Southern Highlands in 1934, where she took a keen interest in local history and the natural environment. In her late sixties, Janet devoted her life to the study of the native flora of the Southern Highlands, New South Wales and became a highly respected amateur botanist. After Janet's death, her bequest to the University of Wollongong provided funds and botanical resources which were used to establish the Janet Cosh Herbarium.\n", "Details": "Janet Cosh was born in Sydney in 1901, the only child of Dr John and Louise Cosh (n\u00e9e Calvert). Janet was an educated woman who attended Sydney University where she studied English, History and the Classics. From 1923 to 1926 she taught Latin and English at her former school, Normanhurst Girls School. Her passion for natural history and botany was inspired by her parents and also her grandparents. In particular, her maternal grandmother Louisa Atkinson was a botanist, natural historian and writer who collected for the notable botanists Rev. Dr. William Woolls and Sir Ferdinand von Mueller. Janet's great grandmother, Charlotte Barton, raised four children under very tragic circumstances but still managed to write the first children's book to be published in Australia, A Mother's Offering to Her Children (1841), which mentions native flora and fauna and was an early example of Australian themes and experiences including colonisation and its effect on Aboriginal people.\nIn 1934, Janet moved to the Southern Highlands, New South Wales with her parents after her father retired from his medical practice in Sydney. They purchased 'Netherby' in Moss Vale where Janet lived for the rest of her life and was a member of the All Saint's Church at Sutton Forest. She was a dutiful daughter and cared for her parents until they died, her father in 1946 and mother in 1956. By then in her fifties, this quiet reserved woman was able to devote her time and passion to a systematic study of the history of the Southern Highlands and later botany. In both of these areas of interest she left permanent and accurate records. Janet is mentioned in the Australian Geographic (2019) as an 'incredible Australian woman in botany'.\nJanet collected cuttings from local newspapers and The Sydney Morning Herald, especially about local history and conservation. She was a member of the National Trust and founding member of the Berrima District Historical Society in 1960. The Royal Australian Historical Society encouraged and supported local societies by teaching research and cataloguing skills. From 1964 to 1977, Janet was the local society's archivist.\nIn the late 1960s, Janet concentrated her attention to the study of botany and collected numerous plant specimens to add to her knowledge. She made significant contributions to plant taxonomy, providing a rigorous basis for understanding the ecology and biodiversity of the native flora in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales. Janet was a frequent visitor to the Fitzroy Falls Visitors Centre, Morton National Park, where she stored her specimens. It was here, in the 1970s, that she met and befriended Pat Hall, Special Duties Officer at the time and later Manager of Education, Information & Tourism at the Centre. In turn, Pat introduced Janet to local people with an interest in botany. Funds from the National Park Foundation were used to establish the Janet Cosh Room at the Fitzroy Falls Visitors Centre in March 2000 as an education resource for the community.\nDon Tilley was a ranger and he met Janet when he caught this old woman picking plants illegally on Water Board land until she produced her NSW National Parks & Wildlife scientific licence which made them both chuckle. They became friends with a shared interest in the native flora. Don recollected that Janet had an impact and influence on everyone she met and most especially on him, 'She was that particular about identification and was able to name even the smallest plant' except in 1982 Don collected an unusual Hibbertia which Janet and others after her could not identify. In 2001, Belinda Pellow collected another sample and sent it to an expert in South Australia. Toelken, H.R. (2012) identified and published it as Hibbertia accaulothrix in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.\nAs an amateur botanist, Janet was highly respected and was often in consultation with professional organisations such NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service and taxonomists at the National Herbarium of NSW, the Australian National Herbarium and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Insights are provided into Janet's keen intellect by the many examples of letters exchanged with these authorities from prominent personnel such as L.A.S. Johnson, J. Armstrong, J.D. Briggs and D.A. Johnstone, which are wonderful examples of the polite and lengthy communications by mail in the 1970s. However, Janet was not averse to challenging senior botanists about their plant identifications and was quite disdainful about the use of common names. A number of the letters from the National Herbarium of NSW are acknowledgement of donations Janet made over the years. Significantly, Janet was the first donor to the National Herbarium of NSW Research Fund in response to a request in the journal Telopea in 1973. Over thirty specimens that Janet collected were considered to be worthy of incorporation into the National Herbarium of NSW. Some were significant species, for example, threatened Grevillea rivularis collected at Carrington Falls in 1976 and rare Zieria murphyii collected at View Point, Bundanoon in 1973.\nJanet's botanical fieldwork was thorough and methodical and her field notes were precise. She was extremely proficient at map reading, having been recruited during World War II to locate and map various routes from the coast across the Southern Highlands to the inland. She was also interested in the accounts written by early travellers and explorers and perused old maps and acquired extensive knowledge about the geography of the Southern Highlands.\nSpecimen locations were always recorded clearly and accurately. Range extensions of several species were documented by Janet as well as new locations for rare species such as Phyllota humifusa, Hakea constablei and Acacia chalkeri. Each specimen was identified by Janet using various systematic keys such as the Flora of the Sydney Region and by consulting with the National Herbarium of NSW. Janet amassed a collection of botanical books and maps, which she annotated prolifically and succinctly.\nJanet shared a keen interest in the ecology of plants with her friends Ros Badgery and Rachel Roxburgh, both resilient women. They all enjoyed exploring the bush and studying the native flora and fauna. They were also concerned about the conservation of the natural environment. Ros and Janet became friends in 1963 after the death of Dorothy Farran, a mutual acquaintance who was in their congregation. Ros was given Dorothy's copy of 'Moore & Betche' published in 1893, the first official botanical flora. Janet was given some other botanical books. Janet asked Ros for help with botany but Ros said later that, 'With her brain she outstripped me in no time'. After her family died, Ros managed a 2000 acre property in the Southern Highlands on her own for 65 years. Most of the property was declared a Wildlife Refuge in 1968, which would have pleased Janet immensely. Rachel and Janet probably met as members of the National Trust, the Berrima Historical Society and the National Parks Association in the 1960s when they became aware of their mutual interests. Rachel was a woman of strong convictions, rarely given to compromise and was described as 'patrician in bearing and manner'. She was undaunted by politicians, municipal officers and bureaucrats. But from all accounts she was in awe of Janet Cosh and Janet was never daunted by her brusque manner towards others. They had some great adventures together while they were out collecting. On one occasion, they went to investigate the flora of Rodway Nature Reserve, an open forested plateau with steep cliffs near Berry off the end of Drawing Room Rocks. They couldn't negotiate their way back in the dark so they spent the night there with a camp fire to keep warm, much to the consternation of the local constabulary!\nRachel wished to study subjects in ecology at the University of Wollongong and was rather upset when informed she had to pay student fees for services she would never use except the library. Dr Rob Whelan, lecturer in biology, found a solution by allowing her to attend lectures and complete assignments in 1982 without being enrolled. Kevin Mills was a PhD student at the University of Wollongong studying the Illawarra rainforests in the 1980s when he met Janet and Rachel in the Southern Highlands. Between these friends and their association with Dr Rob Whelan they developed a keen interest to establish a regional herbarium in the Illawarra. It is very likely these connections informed Janet's decision to include the University of Wollongong in her will.\nJanet made bequests to various organisations including The Royal Historical Society; All Saints Church of England, Sutton Forest; NSW Parks & Wildlife Foundation; Sydney City Mission; National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney and the University of Wollongong. The bequest to the University of Wollongong, which included substantial funds and botanical resources, was 'to be used for the herbarium or botanical research' in accordance with her last will and testament. Dr Rob Whelan (later Emeritus Professor, University of Wollongong) ensured that the specifics of Janet's bequest were adhered to. As of 2019, the integrity of Janet's bequest has been upheld.\nThe Janet Cosh Herbarium was established in 1991. Janet's botanical resources included a collection of over 1600 specimens, about 1500 botanical illustrations, a library, numerous field notebooks, photographs, vegetation surveys and maps. At the time, this also allowed Dr Kevin Mills' research specimen collection to be incorporated into the Janet Cosh Herbarium. Janet's collection included excellent examples of recycling using envelopes, notepaper, cardboard packaging, old Christmas cards and even the reverse side of her father's watercolour paintings to record notes, drawings and mount specimens. Apparently, Janet was quite dismissive about her father's numerous watercolours. They were later assessed by an expert and deemed to have no artistic value. Belinda Pellow, an expert botanist, was the first curator of the Janet Cosh Herbarium and responsible for developing a herbarium from Janet's bequest. Belinda was one of the authors of the 5th Edition of Flora of the Sydney Region (2009). It is worth noting that Janet used the first edition, which she split in half for ease of carrying in the field.\nThe purpose of a herbarium is to store a collection of dried, preserved and catalogued plant specimens for identification and reference purposes whereby each specimen verifies the existence of an individual plant at a particular place and time. The Janet Cosh Herbarium facilitates botanical research, teaching, expertise in plant identification and the management of native vegetation in a regional context. Janet's botanical illustrations and plant specimens provide meticulous details of plants and their environment. The data she systematically recorded in the field are still being used as a taxonomical reference to assist with plant identification. Over the years, the collection has continued to grow with contributions from local botanists, researchers, students and the community. As at 2019, the Janet Cosh Herbarium holds almost 12,000 specimens and facilitates the teaching of undergraduate students, provides support for post-graduate students and research staff and has inter-departmental links, for example with the Faculty of Creative Arts to curate exhibitions of Janet's botanical illustrations and other projects and the Faculty Management Division to establish Campus Tree Walks for social and educational purposes.\nJanet's bequest to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney was for the purpose of contributing to the National Herbarium of NSW. According to Barbara Briggs, one of the foremost Australian botanists and from what was known of Janet's interests and intentions, this was interpreted as support for any aspect of systematic research, collection management and public information about scientific programs. Various projects have been implemented including an inaugural studentship in 2001 to contribute to research in plant taxonomy or to encourage young scientists to consider a career in plant taxonomy or ecology. This bequest also enabled the Scientific Division to be more active and entrepreneurial than would otherwise have been possible. Activities associated with Janet Cosh's bequest are documented and acknowledged in various Annual Reports and publications such as the journals Telopea and Australian Systematic Botany.\nJanet was highly respected for her botanical knowledge and was an inspiration to all who knew her. She made many significant contributions to plant ecology in the Illawarra and Southern Highlands which may be summarised as follows:\n\ncollected over 1600 plant specimens and prepared over 1500 annotated illustrations which formed the foundation of the Janet Cosh Herbarium\nprepared a herbarium of 1500 specimens for Fitzroy Falls Visitors Centre, Morton National Park\ncontributed to the knowledge of the National Herbarium of NSW\nrecorded meticulous field notes\ndiscovered range extension of several plant species and discovered new locations of rare plants\ncollaborated with professional botanists\ncontributed to the establishment of several nature reserves including Robertson Nature Reserve, Stingray Swamp and Cecil Hoskins Reserve\nprepared vegetation maps for Morton National Park\ncompiled many species lists which have been included in natural history booklets, for example Eastern Rim Wildflower Walk (1985) and publications relevant to the Southern Highlands, for example Fitzroy Falls and Beyond: A guide to Shoalhaven (1988).\n\nIn the months prior to her death, in October 1989, the elderly Janet and Rachel became concerned with the decimation of the South East Forests of NSW. Travelling in Janet's Subaru Brumby ute with their swags in the back, they made several trips to the area to document the impact of forestry practices in that region. Janet was still collecting specimens just a few weeks before she died and was planning a collecting trip to Fitzroy Falls. In honour of Janet Cosh, Flowering Wonderfully, the Botanical Legacy of Janet Cosh was compiled in 2012.\nJanet is one example of a large group of women of her era, with independent means and a keen interest in natural history, who have contributed to our knowledge of science in a quiet but significant way. In fact, she was an early exponent of 'Citizen Science'. As her friend Rachel Roxburgh said in Janet's obituary, 'In the field of botany, the records Miss Janet Cosh left will enable students to know exactly when and where to find plant species and the University of Wollongong's appreciation of her purpose would give Janet great pleasure'.\nJean Clarke, Fellow of the University of Wollongong, has spent many years since her retirement working as a volunteer in the Janet Cosh Herbarium and devoted much of her time curating and preserving the Janet Cosh historical collection. Most of this collection was transferred to the University of Wollongong Archives in 2018. Jean provides assistance to curate the collection in the archives. It includes rare books, journal articles, letters, newspaper cuttings, photographs, field notes, botanical illustrations and other material donated by Janet Cosh. This collection complements the Cosh extended family collections held in the Mitchell library, Sydney and the National library Canberra.\nThe plant specimen collection, including those collected by Janet Cosh, is stored in the Janet Cosh Herbarium, School of Earth, Atmospheric & Life Sciences, University of Wollongong and managed by Professor Kris French.\nThis entry was prepared by University of Wollongong Fellow Jean Clarke, Janet Cosh Herbarium.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/atkinson-and-cosh-family-pictorial-material-ca-1842-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cosh-family-papers-1870-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cosh-family-further-papers-1866-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-janet-cosh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/postcards-addressed-to-janet-cosh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/four-photographs-including-list-of-names-of-the-sitters-and-a-letter-from-janet-cosh-1-11-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/janet-cosh-photographic-collection-ca-1901-ca-1920s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-patricia-clarke-1887-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-janet-l-cosh-1826-1983\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lahy, Patricia Mary", "Entry ID": "AWE6615", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lahy-patricia-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cremorne, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic, Academic administrator, Administrator, Teacher", "Summary": "Pat Lahy trained in physical education and established the first formal training course in counselling for people with disabilities in Australia. She was the first woman to hold the position of Dean of Arts at the University of Sydney.\n", "Details": "Born in Cremorne, the eldest of the three children of Vincent Power Lahy and his wife Valerie Roberta Wilson, Pat Lahy was educated at North Sydney Girls' High and after her father died in 1942 she trained as a physical education teacher at Sydney Teachers College, obtaining a diploma in 1947 and a teacher's certificate in 1950. Her commitment to physical education underlay many things she did later - some of her publications, her role in the university women's sports association and her interest in vocational rehabilitation for the physically disabled.\nLater she was appointed to Wagga Wagga Teachers' College to lecture in Physical Education and lived in residence there. In order to undertake part time evening studies at the University of Sydney she transferred to Balmain Teachers' College. Eventually in 1963 at thirty-five she graduated as a BA with honours in psychology. Professor William O'Neil immediately appointed her a senior tutor in the department to organise the practical and tutorial program. In 1965 she became a lecturer and from 1967 she ran the first year. She was also general secretary of the new Australian Psychological Society and a member of the Staff Club committee. In 1968 she established the first formal training course in counselling for the disabled in Australia. On sabbatical leave in 1970 she began a doctorate at Queens University Belfast which focussed on pattern recognition. This she completed in 1975.\nBack in Sydney she resumed her teaching and publishing, was promoted senior lecturer in 1977 and was increasingly seen as an efficient and reliable administrator and organiser who was well liked by her colleagues. In 1978 she became a sub-dean of arts and in 1979 pro-dean. Later that year the faculty of arts elected her dean - the first woman to hold the position at the University of Sydney. The University of Sydney News then put to her a question about her attitude to the women's liberation movement, of which she was not a member, and she replied that she was all for it, having changed her mind about the outrageous things they had done because 'they needed to shock people to make them think'. She hoped that at the end of her two years as dean she would not be seen as a token woman or a 'woman dean' and asserted that in the business of faculty there could be no difference of attitude between a man and a woman. She was re-elected twice before giving the position up. As the role of dean did not free the holder from teaching duties she also managed a heavy teaching load and in 1983 the running of an international conference for the Psychological Science society.\nIn 1982 she was elected as one of the academic representatives on the university senate - and was re-elected in 1984. The vice-chancellor, John M Ward, in 1986 appointed her his Executive Assistant and in 1987 she was appointed pro-vice-chancellor with responsibility for organising Chifley college. This involved persuading all the faculty deans and other key personnel meeting with the heads of the three colleges in the West of Sydney, which were to be amalgamated into the new university. As there was virtually no financing and much disagreement about priorities and structures it required considerable patience to draw up an acceptable scheme. After several weekend conferences the state government eventually abandoned the proposal after the 1988 Dawkins white paper, leaving it to the three colleges to develop their existing courses into a university. As Pat's good sense had been much appreciated in all three institutions she was appointed a member of the new university's board of governors in 1989 and remained a governor, making several important contributions to the structure, until 1997. In 1991 she ceased to be pro vice-chancellor at Sydney and retired from her long-term position. Acknowledging all she had done in thirty years of employment in the following year the university made her a D Litt and the government appointed her a member of the Order of Australia. She was too useful to be allowed to retire in peace however, and in 1993 she was given the responsibility of managing the merger of the College of the Arts with Sydney University. In 1994 she returned to the university part-time to a new role - that of student ombudsman. In 1999 she finally retired - and was given another honorary D Litt by the Western Sydney University. She moved to her Blue Mountains weekender, where she lived in failing health until her sudden death in 2004.\n", "Events": "Appointed Member of the Order of Australia for service to education (1992 - 1992)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brazill, Johanna", "Entry ID": "IMP0012", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brazill-johanna\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Bosnetstown, County Limerick, Ireland", "Death Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Nurse, Religious Sister, Teacher", "Summary": "Sister Philippa, as she preferred to be known, took the religious name of Sister Mary Philippa at her Religious Profession to the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy on 10th January 1918. After graduating from the Teachers' Training College at Ascot Vale, she became a teacher in several Victorian Schools. In 1928 she transferred from teaching to nursing, completing her training at Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane. In 1935 she became foundation matron at the Mercy Private Hospital, where she introduced general nurse training.\nFrom 1954 to 1959 she was appointed Provincial of the Sisters of Mercy in Victoria and Tasmania, after which she returned to the Mercy Private Hospital.\nIn 1979 Sister Philippa was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for outstanding service to the people of Victoria and beyond, especially in the Health Care Field.\nTwo years later, on the 1 August, the University of Melbourne awarded Sister the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws in recognition of her services to women and family life. She was the first nun to receive the award from the University.\n", "Details": "Born: 24 December 1895. Died: 1 January 1988.\nBirth name: Johanna Brazill. Religious name: Sister Mary Philippa. Preferred to be called: Sister Philippa\nFollowing her father's reluctant approval, Brazill sailed from Ireland to Melbourne to join the Religious Sisters of Mercy (RSM). In 1912, aged fourteen and a half, she had heard a talk by Mother Genevieve Buckley appealing for missionaries on behalf of the Victorian Mercy communities. Deciding upon a religious vocation, and with her mother's blessing, Brazill became one of the Irish girls recruited to join the Mercy Congregation in Australian. [1]\nBefore commencing her religious training, in 1915, Brazill completed her secondary education at Sacred Heart College, Geelong. Johanna Brazill made her first Religious Profession on 10 January 1918, taking the religious name of Sister Mary Philippa.\nCitation read by Professor Colin Howard, chairman of the Melbourne University's academic board:\nMr Chancellor -\nSister Philippa Brazill was born in 1896 in Country Limerick, Ireland. She has given a lifetime of public service in Victoria, particularly in her long association with health care.\nIn 1915 she entered the congregation of the Sisters of Mercy in Melbourne for teacher training at Ascot Vale, and then was a teacher in several Victorian schools.\nIn 1928, Sister Philippa transferred from teaching to the nursing staff of St Benedict's Hospital, Malvern, which had been acquired by the Sisters of Mercy to begin their work of caring for the sick. She did her nursing training at Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, and then returned to St Benedict's. She made a six months tour of American hospitals to gather ideas for incorporation into the plans of the St Benedict's Sisters for the establishment of a Hospital for Women. When the Mercy Private Hospital was opened in 1935, Sister Philippa became the first matron and was primarily responsible for setting its high stand of patient care, and for introducing general nurse training.\nFrom 1954 to 1959, Sister Philippa's involvement in hospital work temporarily ceased when she was appointed Provincial of the Sisters of Mercy in Victoria and Tasmania, then numbering approximately six hundred members. In this capacity, she gave strong and wise leadership within her religious Congregation in the administration of the various works associated with it, namely: primary, secondary and tertiary education, the care of orphaned and neglected children, and the care of the sick.\nAt the conclusion of this period of office Sister Philippa returned to the Mercy Private Hospital, and again assumed the responsibilities of Superior and Matron. The establishment of the Mercy Private Hospital in 1971 saw the fulfillment of one of her life's ambitions, as she had a particular interest in the welfare of women and family life.\nIn June 1979, Sister Philippa was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Her Majesty, the Queen, for outstanding service to the people of Victoria and beyond, especially in the health care field, over the previous 50 years. In her semi-retirement, she is still actively involved in a pastoral role with the patients at the hospital and with the many people who have learned to value her wise counsel and insight.\nMr Chancellor,\nI present to you,\nMary Philippa Brazill of the Sisters of Mercy,\nDame Commander of the British Empire\nfor admission to the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cramer, Mary Therese", "Entry ID": "IMP0023", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cramer-mary-therese\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Charity worker, Community worker, Teacher", "Summary": "Mary Cramer, a teacher before her marriage to John (later Sir John) Cramer, in January 1922, brought her formidable organising skills to rearing their four children and to her public activities. On the election of her husband as mayor of North Sydney in 1939, she assumed the duties of lady mayoress. Known for her natural sense of humour, she organised a Voluntary Aid Detachment for North Sydney at the beginning of World War II, and also the first group of the Women's Australian National Service in Sydney and became its first commandant. Her husband later became a founding member of the Liberal Party of Australia and a Minister for the Army from 1956-1963. She was president of the New South Wales division of the Red Cross Society and of the Mater Misericordae Hospital Advisory Board at North Sydney. Despite recurring illness, she maintained her public activities and was appointed as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 12 June 1971 for distinguished public service, which had covered four decades. According to the report in The Sydney Morning Herald on 26 May 1994 on the death of Sir John Cramer, 'Sir John with his late wife Dame Mary, had left an indelible mark on the lower North Shore'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneers-politics-and-people-a-political-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/john-cramer-interviewed-by-ron-hurst-in-the-parliaments-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gilmore, Mary Jean", "Entry ID": "IMP0032", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gilmore-mary-jean\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Woodhouselee, near Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Poet, Teacher, Writer", "Summary": "For her services to literature, Mary Gilmore was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 February 1937. The major themes of her work covered nationalism, the spirit of pioneering, motherhood, women's rights, history, Aboriginal welfare, treatment of prisoners, health and pensions.\n", "Details": "Dame Mary Gilmore is the female face of the Australian $10 note. When she died, aged 97, Dame Mary was given a State funeral by both the Federal and New South Wales state governments. Her funeral was attended by all members of the New South Wales Cabinet. Dame Mary donated the Archibald winning portrait painted by William Dobell in 1957 to the Art Gallery of New South Wales.\nDue to the itinerant lifestyle of her parents, Donald and Mary Ann Cameron, Mary was educated at a number of country state schools. Aged 16 she became a pupil-teacher at the Superior Public School for Girls in Wagga Wagga, and was transferred to the Infants' Department in 1884. She taught at Beaconsfield Provisional School in 1886, followed by Illabo Public School, and in October 1887 was appointed temporary assistant at Silverton Public School near Broken Hill, New South Wales. In May 1889, Mary wrote to the Chief Inspector at the Department of Public Instruction requesting a move from Silverton back to Sydney on the grounds that her home was in Sydney and that the climate of the Barrier District was too severe for her constitution. She returned to Sydney in 1890 and taught at Neutral Bay, though her name and the dates of her residency are still proudly displayed on the Silverton Public School sign.\nDuring the 1890s Mary became interested in social reform and supported the maritime and shearers' strikes. So as not to break the rules of the Department of Public Instruction, through which she was employed as a teacher, Mary wrote under the pen names Em Jaycey, Sister Jaycey and Rudione Calvert. At about this time she met and became a life-long friend of Henry Lawson.\nMary became the first woman member of the Australian Workers Union, which she claimed she joined under her brother's name. She later became a member of the executive. By 1895 Mary had given up teaching to join William Lane's New Australia Movement. She sailed to his Cosme settlement in Paraguay, arriving January 1896 and there married shearer William Gilmore (1866-1945). A year after their only son William (1898-1945) was born, the family left the settlement and returned to Australia after visiting Henry Lawson and family in London.\nFrom 1902-1912 the Gilmores lived at William's parents' farm in Casterton in Western Victoria. Here Mary was able to re-establish her writing and political links. In 1903 she was featured on the Bulletin's 'Red Page' and she helped with campaigning for the Labor Party in the 1906 and 1910 federal elections for the seat of Wannon. In 1908 Mary commenced editing the woman's page of the Australian Worker, a position she held until 1931. In 1910 her first collections of poems Marri'd, and other verses was published.\nIn 1912 Mary and her son Billy went to live in Sydney while William joined his brother at Cloncurry in North Queensland. By 1918 her second book of poetry, The Passionate Heart was published, followed by books of prose: Hound of the Road (1922) and The Tilted Cart (1925). Mary's writing was regularly in print, with her last collection of poetry, Fourteen Men, published in 1954 when she was 89 years old.\nBesides being a prolific writer, Mary was also a founder-member of the Lyceum Club (Sydney), founder and vice-president of the Fellowship of Australian Writers, member of the New South Wales Institute of Journalists and life member of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Dame Mary Gilmore's ashes were buried in her husband's grave at Cloncurry cemetery.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gilmore-mary-jean-1865-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-changemakers-ten-significant-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1000-famous-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-electoral-divisions-named-after-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100-great-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-writers-a-bibliographic-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gilmore-mary-1865-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-gilmore-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-complete-book-of-great-australian-women-thirty-six-women-who-changed-the-course-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/great-poet-was-once-a-13-a-week-teacher\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-1971-1972-to-the-university-of-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-nsw-program-for-the-launch-of-the-centenary-stamp-issue-and-a-complete-set-of-the-issue-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-further-papers-1895-1981\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-nsw-inc-further-records-1926-1927-1937-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-1895-1897\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-further-records-1895-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/diaries-of-dame-mary-gilmore-1940-1949-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-mary-gilmore-1923-1962-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-gilmore-1865-1962-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-gilmore-1883-1962-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-mary-gilmore-1902-1962-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-mary-gilmore-1948-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1895-1962-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-kate-baker-1893-1946-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-diaries-1910-1962-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photographs-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-papers-of-prime-minister-curtin-correspondence-g-mrs-f-r-gale-gordon-branch-australian-labor-party-includes-poem-sent-to-mrs-elsie-curtin-by-dame-mary-gilmore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/william-morrow-recordings-of-addresses-given-by-jessie-street-and-interviews-with-jessie-street-1953-1960\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-mary-gilmore-papers-1911-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-records-1895-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miles-franklin-papers-1841-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-eleanor-dark-1910-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gilmore-dame-mary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dowell-oreilly-papers-1884-1923-with-additional-family-papers-1877-1944\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sub-series-7-1-papers-relating-to-louisa-lawson-and-henry-lawson-1859-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/talking-history-program-on-the-national-librarys-oral-history-section-and-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-compiled-by-tim-bowden-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/windeyer-family-papers-1829-1943\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mary-gilmore-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-mary-gilmore-1837-1962-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-myrtle-rose-white-1940-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jean-l-stevenson-1932-1959-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1928-1994-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-park-letters-received-from-dame-mary-gilmore-15-january-1946-28-april-1953-including-two-letters-to-darcy-niland-11-september-and-28-september-19\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hammond, Joan Hood", "Entry ID": "IMP0034", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hammond-joan-hood\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Christchurch, New Zealand", "Occupations": "Golfer, Singer, Teacher", "Summary": "Joan Hammond was appointed DBE 1974, CMG 1972, CBE 1963, OBE 1953. She received the Sir Charles Santley award from the Worshipful Company of Musicians, London 1970, 'Musician of the Year'. In 1988 she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Green Room Awards Association as well as the Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Recording for the Australasian Sound Recording Association, in 1994.\n", "Details": "The daughter of Samuel and Hilda (n\u00e9e Blandford) Hammond, Joan Hammond who was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Pymble New South Wales, established an early interest in sports. An expert swimmer during her teens Hammond, transferred to the sport of golf. She won the women's state golf championship for New South Wales in 1932, 1934, 1935 and the junior championship in 1929.\nHammond also played violin for three years with the Sydney Philharmonic Orchestra before studying singing in Vienna in 1936. She returned to Australia for concert tours in 1946, 1949 and 1953, and completed world concert tours between 1946 and 1961. After retiring in 1965, Hammond became artistic director of the Victoria Opera Company (1971-1976) and was then head of vocal studies and vocal consultant at the Victorian College of the Arts from 1975 to 1992. Her autobiography A voice, a life was published in 1970.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1000-famous-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-voice-a-life-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100-great-australians\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-joan-hammond\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alexander-gore-gowrie-1835-1987-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-joan-hammond-1928-1994-bulk-1983-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-kenneth-russell-henderson-1976-1978-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-joan-hammond-australian-opera-singer-sound-recording-historical-recordings-of-important-happenings-recorded-by-2gb-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-joan-hammond-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-of-dame-joan-hammond-manuscript-geelong-to-h-s-young-sydney-1967-nov-18-27-and-dec-11\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Longmore, Lydia", "Entry ID": "IMP0089", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/longmore-lydia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Little Chilton Colliery, Durham, England", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Lydia Longmore was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) on 1 January 1957 with the citation 'Mother's Clubs in South Australia'. She was best known for her specialised teaching for infants.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-in-south-australia-a-social-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-life-and-work-of-lydia-longmore-1874-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lydia-longmore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/obituary-lydia-longmore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lydia-longmore-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/longmore-lydia-1874-1967-infant-teacher\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-to-miss-lydia-longmore\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-lydia-longmore-educationalist-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gibbs, Mary Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "IMP0177", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gibbs-mary-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "In October 1972, two armed men abducted teacher Mary Gibbs and her students. 20-year-old Gibbs was in charge of the one-teacher primary school at Faraday, a farming district near Castlemaine, Victoria. The men left a ransom note and placed their hostages in the back of the van and drove to the forest. To help settle the young children Gibbs pretended the incident was a game and sang songs to them during the long cold night. Near dawn, she realised the men had left the front of the van. She urged the children to kick the van door with her. Luck was with them, the door came free and they were able to make their escape.\nAfter this incident, the then Liberal Victorian Government closed one-teacher schools. Mary Gibbs received the George Medal on 22 January 1973 for bravery during a child hostage incident.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twentieth-century-women-of-courage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "de la Hunty, Shirley Barbara", "Entry ID": "IMP0186", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/de-la-hunty-shirley-barbara\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Guildford, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Athletics coach, Commonwealth or Empire Games Gold Medalist, Lecturer, Olympian, Teacher, Track and Field Athlete", "Summary": "Champion sprinter and hurdler, Shirley Strickland (as she was then known), became the first Australian female to win an Olympic medal in a track and field event at the London Olympic Games in 1948.\nShirley de la Hunty was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) on 26 January 2001 for service to the community, particularly in the areas of conservation, the environment and local government, and to athletics as an athlete, coach and administrator. She had been appointed a member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (MBE) for services to athletics on 1 January 1957.\n", "Details": "Shirley Strickland studied nuclear physics, completed an honours degree and became a science teacher. In 1948 she won the Australian sprint and hurdles titles. Later that year she represented Australia at the London Olympic Games and became the first Australian female athlete to win a track and field medal. The champion sprinter and hurdler took part in three Olympic Games (1948, 1952 and 1956) and was the winner of three gold, one silver and three bronze medals. She also set world records and won three gold medals and two silver medals at Empire (later Commonwealth) Games.\nIn 1950 Shirley Strickland married Lawrence Edmund de la Hunty and they had four children. In 1960 she was selected for the Rome Olympics but did not compete due to her third pregnancy.\nAfter retiring as a competitor Shirley de la Hunty continued teaching at various Perth high schools and later became a university lecturer. She maintained her interest in sport by coaching athletes including Raelene Boyle, and was involved in athletics administration as manageress of the Australian women's team at the Mexico (1968) and Montreal (1976) Olympics.\nBesides sport Shirley de la Hunty is interested in nature and conservation issues. She has featured on 'This is Your Life' and 'Australian Story'. A recipient of the Helm award (now World Trophy) and the Queen's medal, in 1995 she was elected to the Australian Sports Hall of Fame.\nA Fellow of Edith Cowan University, Shirley de la Hunty won the Advance Australia Award in 1987. At the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games Opening Ceremony Shirley de la Hunty was an Olympic Torchbearer along with Raelene Boyle, Betty Cuthbert, Dawn Fraser and Cathy Freeman.\n1948 National Championships\n80 metre hurdles\n1948 London Olympic Games\n4 x 100 metre relay - silver medal\n100 metre sprint - bronze medal\n80 metre hurdles - bronze medal\n1950 National Championships\n80 metre hurdles\n440 yards sprint\n1950 Auckland Empire Games\n80 metre hurdles - gold medal\n4 x 440 yards relay - gold medal\n4 x 660 yards relay - gold medal\n100 yards sprint - silver medal\n1952 National Championships\n80 metre hurdles\n440 yards sprint\n1952 Helsinki Olympic Games\n80 metre hurdles - gold medal\n100 metre sprint - bronze medal\n1955 World University Games\n100 metre sprint - gold medal\n80 metres hurdles - gold medal\n200 metre sprint - bronze medal\n1956 National Championships\n440 yards sprint\n1956 Melbourne Olympic Games\n80 metre hurdles - gold medal\n4 x 100 metre relay - gold medal\n1960 National Championships\n4 x 110 yards relay\n1962 National Championships\n4 x 110 yards relay\n", "Events": "Athletics - 100m sprint (1952 - 1952) \nAthletics - 4 x 100m relay (1948 - 1948) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles (1952 - 1952) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles and 100m sprint (1948 - 1948) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles and 4 x 100m Relay (1956 - 1956) \nAthletics - 80m Hurdles; 440y Medley Relay; 660y Medley Relay (1950 - 1950) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reflections-profiles-of-150-women-who-helped-make-western-australias-history-project-of-the-womens-committee-for-the-150th-anniversary-celebrations-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/monash-biographical-dictionary-of-20th-century-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/where-are-the-women-in-australian-science-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-strickland-legend-of-the-track-dies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/strickland-the-first-lady-of-australian-aths\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champion-runs-her-race\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/enigma-who-lit-the-way-for-others\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-shirley-strickland-de-la-hunty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-at-the-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/outstanding-women-in-australia-women-in-sport\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gum, Daphne Lorraine", "Entry ID": "IMP0206", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gum-daphne-lorraine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Pinnaroo, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Daphne Gum, a trained primary school teacher who developed an interest in working with children with disabilities, became the director of the Spastic Centre established by the Crippled Children's Association of South Australia in 1946 at the Adelaide Children's Hospital. Following a temporary move to prefabricated classrooms at Kintore Avenue, the centre finally found a permanent and more spacious home in 1951 on the Anzac Highway at Ashford, and was known as the Ashford House for Cerebral Palsy Children.\nDaphne Gum was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1960 for her work with children affected by cerebral palsy. She maintained her connection with her old school, the Methodist Ladies College, serving as president of the Old Scholars Association from 1979-1980 and wrote a history entitled A rich tapestry of lives, to celebrate the school's ninetieth birthday.\n", "Events": "Awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) (1996 - 1996)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-rich-tapestry-of-lives-celebrating-the-90th-birthday-of-the-methodist-ladies-college-annesley-college-old-scholars-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perseverance-the-story-of-spastic-centres-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marshall, Dorothy May", "Entry ID": "IMP0254", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marshall-dorothy-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Henley Beach, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Welfare worker", "Summary": "During World War II Dorothy Marshall was appointed by the Commonwealth government as South Australian superintendent of the Australian Women's Land Army. Previously a schoolteacher she assisted with the School Patriotic Fund of South Australia and was foundation secretary of the Women's War Service. Following the war Marshall became a camp welfare officer with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). Following the dissolution of the UNRRA she joined the International Refugee Organisation (IRO) as a welfare officer in the British zone of Germany. For her services to child welfare, Marshall was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire on 5 June 1952. Following her return to Adelaide she was appointed to the Department of Agriculture and initiated a bi-monthly bulletin WAB News.\n", "Details": "Dorothy May Marshall, the daughter of Charles Henry and Helen Cameron (n\u00e9e Grant) Marshall, attended Adelaide High School and then Adelaide University. She joined the South Australian Education Department and taught at Gawler (1923-1924) and Woodville (1924-1934) primary schools. In 1935 she participated in an exchange position program and taught at Bishop Goodwin Girls' and Margaret Sewell Central schools Carlisle, England. Upon her return to Adelaide she taught at Croydon Central School (girls' department).\nIn 1940 Dorothy Marshall was elected to the advisory council of the South Australian Women Teachers' Guild and the next year she was appointed adviser for vocational training to the Education Department. Later she assisted Adelaide Miethke with the Schools Patriotic Fund of South Australia and then joined the Department of Labour and National Service (on loan) where she became foundation secretary of the Women's War Service Council.\nIn July 1942 the Commonwealth government appointed her state superintendent of the Australian Women's Land Army. In this position she controlled major policy implementation, selected and managed headquarters staff, appointed field staff and supervised women volunteers on the land. \nDorothy Marshall joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) as a camp welfare officer helping displaced persons in the British zone in Germany in 1945. By June 1946 she was director-general and took charge of every camp in the zone.\nAfter the UNRRA was dissolved in 1947, she joined the International Refugee Organisation (IRO) becoming child welfare officer and later chief of the child welfare division. On 5 June 1952 Dorothy Marshall was appointed to the Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) for her services to child welfare. Upon completion of the IRO operations in the British zone she returned to Adelaide and was appointed to the Department of Agriculture as an organiser of the Women's Agricultural Bureau by the South Australia government.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marshall-dorothy-may-1902-1961\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rowe, Marilyn", "Entry ID": "IMP0257", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowe-marilyn\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Dancer, Teacher", "Summary": "Marilyn Rowe, the first graduate of the Australian Ballet School to be appointed its director in 1999, was recruited into the Australian Ballet Company in 1965 after completing the course in 1964. She was a principal artist with the Australian Ballet and later became ballet director, deputy artistic director and in 1984 director of the Dancers Company, a post she held until 1990. She has been on the Board of the Australian Ballet since 1994. She has directed and coached many of the leading dancers of the Australian Ballet and has produced and directed major contemporary and classical works. Other positions include that of Life Governor of the Berry St Child and Family Care since 1985. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1979 for her services to ballet in Australia.\n", "Events": "Inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2001 - 2001) \nReceived for significant service to the performing arts, particularly to ballet, as an artistic director, administrator, internationally acclaimed performer and competition jurist. (2017 - 2017)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marilyn-rowe-and-the-technology-of-dance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marilyn-rowe-obe\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-roll-of-honour-women-shaping-the-nation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-marilyn-rowe-o-b-e-1993-picture-greg-barrett\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jones, Marilyn Fay", "Entry ID": "IMP0278", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jones-marilyn-fay\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Dancer, Teacher", "Summary": "Marilyn Jones has been described as 'the greatest classical dancer Australia has produced'. She studied at the London Royal Ballet School and danced with the Royal Ballet from 1957-1958. She was then recruited by Edouard Borovansky as a principal, dancing with the Borovansky Ballet, based in Melbourne, until its closure in 1961. She joined the Australian Ballet on its formation in 1962. In 1963 she married fellow principal dancer Garth Welch and they had two sons, Stanton and Damien, who also became dancers. She danced with the Australian Ballet until 1978, when she took up the position of artistic director of the Company from 1979 until 1982. In 1991 she founded the Australian Institute of Classical Dance and became its artistic director. Other appointments have included director of the National Theatre Youth Ballet from 1996-1998 and director of the National Theatre Ballet School, Melbourne, from 1995-1998. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1972 for her services to Australian ballet.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marilyn-jones-a-brilliance-all-of-her-own\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-gaolbird-to-lyrebird-a-life-in-australian-ballet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-hope-and-charity-australian-women-and-imperial-honours-1901-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whos-who-in-australia-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marilyn-jones-interviewed-by-michelle-potter-in-the-esso-performing-arts-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-marilyn-jones-kim-walker-and-janet-vernon-picture-don-mcmurdo\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/great-australian-women-of-the-20th-century-electronic-resource\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-ballet-performance-of-coppelia-starring-robert-pomie-and-marilyn-jones-1963-picture-walter-stringer\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McCulloch, Deborah Jane", "Entry ID": "PR00042", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcculloch-deborah-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lecturer, Poet, Teacher", "Summary": "Deborah McCulloch was an English teacher and later a lecturer at Salisbury College of Advanced Education. She became involved in the women's movement in 1971. She was a member of Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) when it started in South Australia. She was appointed as the first Women's Adviser to the Premier of South Australia in 1976 by Don Dunstan.\n", "Details": "Deborah McCulloch trained as a teacher and worked in South Australia as an English teacher and lecturer. She was active in the Women's Liberation Movement. She was a member of Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL). She was appointed as the first Women's Adviser to the Premier of South Australia in 1976 by Don Dunstan. With Yve Repin she formed FEM Enterprises. She published poetry including Waltzing with Alice (1983) and Three's Company (1992) with Elizabeth Biff Ward and Donna McKimming.\nShe was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Flinders University in 1994 and was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in June 2005 for service to the community as a proponent of equal opportunities for women, Indigenous Australians and people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-movement-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-on-womens-non-government-organizations-conference-beijing-china-august-31-september-8-1995-deborah-mcculloch-womens-electoral-lobby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fresh-evidence-new-witnesses-finding-womens-history\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-deborah-mcculloch-sound-recording-interviewer-deborah-worsley-pine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-deborah-mcculloch-sound-recording-interviewer-catherine-murphy\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kinder, Sylvia", "Entry ID": "PR00064", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kinder-sylvia\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Feminist, Teacher", "Summary": "Sylvia Kinder was active in both the Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement and the Sydney Women's Liberation Movement. As a teacher she was involved with the South Australian Institute of Teachers (SAIT) which questioned sexist teaching practices within schools. She helped bring changes in education standards designed to reduce gender discrimination, including the use of non sexist language in school and equal opportunities for girls. Sylvia was a member of the Australian Women's Education Coalition (South Australian Branch). She was involved in the establishment of the Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement, Women's Studies Resource Centre, Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement Archives and the Hindmarsh Women's Community Health Centre. She was a member of International Women's Year National Advisory Committee 1974-1976. She wrote a book about the women's liberation movement in Adelaide.\n", "Details": "The need for a women's studies courses became apparent to Sylvia Kinder and other concerned teachers who, in response, set about establishing a women's library as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Books and papers were donated and the Women's Studies Resource Centre was created. She taught women's studies at the Women's Studies Resource Centre. She was a collective member of Liberation, Adelaide Women's Liberation Newsletter. She served on the Status of Women's Standing Committee from 1974-1976. Sylvia addressed International Women's Day rallies or marches. She helped organise conferences including the Young Women's Festival and the Women in Labour Conference both held in Adelaide. She was also active in gay liberation in South Australia. Some of the other groups she was involved with included Women Behind Bars, Salisbury Women's Group Newsletter, Salisbury Women's Health Centre, National Women's Consultative Council, SAIT Professional Development Committee, International Women's Day Collective. Women's Theatre Group (South Australia). There is a collection of taped interviews with South Australian feminist including Pat Ronald, Liz Byard, Anna Yeatman, Judy Gillett, Betty Fisher, Connie Frazer, Deborah McCulloch, Jill Mathews, Sue Higgins (Sheridan) and Gail Tauscher. Sylvia Kinder wrote Herstory of the Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement 1969-1974.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herstory-of-adelaide-womens-liberation-1969-1974\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hindmarsh-womens-community-health-centre-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-theatre-group-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/address-by-sylvia-kinder-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Archdall, Martha Caroline Christine", "Entry ID": "PR00089", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archdall-martha-caroline-christine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Stettin, Germany", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Founder, Teacher", "Summary": "With her husband, clergyman Mervyn Archdall, Martha pushed for the establishment of a deaconess institution at Balmain, New South Wales, in 1885. Bethany was opened in 1891 with Canon Archdall as director. It was Martha who opened a parish school, and by 1900 Bethany had schools at Balmain, Lewisham, Dapto and Bega.\n", "Details": "Martha Kaasow was born at Stettin, Germany - now Szcenin, Poland - and married Mervyn Archdall in 1882. The pair moved to Balmain, New South Wales, where they instigated the building of a deaconess institution. Mervyn Archdall was rector at Balmain, and became director of the deaconess institution, 'Bethany', when it opened in 1891. Martha opened the parish school, with school fees and one quarter of her husband's stipend supporting Bethany. By 1900, new schools in Lewisham, Lawson, Dapto and Bega were also supporting the institution.\nMartha Archdall ran an employment agency in Darlinghurst and developed another in Balmain for women and children from the Bethany Homes. She moved to Melbourne after the death of her husband in 1917.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-dictionary-of-evangelical-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/attitudes-to-the-ministry-of-women-in-the-diocese-of-sydney-an-historical-study-1884-1893-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eagle, Robin Ann", "Entry ID": "PR00107", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eagle-robin-ann\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Hopetoun, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Environmentalist, Feminist, Poet, Teacher", "Summary": "Robin Eagle has been active in the South Australian Women's Movement since 1976 and a lesbian feminist activist in Victoria before then. Born in Hopetoun, Victoria, she joined the Women's Liberation Movement in Victoria in 1975. A dedicated community worker, she helped establish and run many community groups. She is on the Board of Management for the Women's Studies Resource Centre in Adelaide, South Australia 1999-2013. Robin has published a book of poetry.\n", "Details": "Robin Eagle has been a lesbian feminist activist since 1975. In Melbourne she was involved in the founding of Women's Liberation Halfway House Collective Inc ( Women's refuge) Then in 1975 she co-founded the Vesuvia Women's Book and Craft Association in Collingwood.\nShe tutored in Commerce at the University of Adelaide 1978-82. She lectured at the Light, Spencer Institutes of Technical and Further Education, South Australia, and in Alice Springs TAFE. She is a contributor to the Yulara Times when working as co-ordinator and counsellor at the Yulara Community Resource Centre in 1973-4. She was also a collective member of the Women's Spiritual Movement, South Australia and co-founder of Plum Farm Women's Land in 1980.\nOther activities she has been involved in include: co-ordinator of the Elizabeth West Community Food Co-op; co-ordinator of the Bowden-Brompton Community Centre (SA) ; board membership of the Women's Studies Resource Centre. And member of the YWCA Bush walking group.\nRobin was on organizing collectives for feminist conferences including the Melbourne Women's Liberation conference in 1976, the series of National Lesbian Feminist Conferences between1989-2000 and the Adelaide Women's Liberation Conference 1996.\nRobin has published a book of poetry, Distilled Essence of Eagle (1985). She has contributed to anthologies published by SA Country and City Women Writers and taught womens assertiveness, communication, creative writing at varied community centres.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robin-eagle-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cooper, Leontine Mary Jane", "Entry ID": "PR00290", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-leontine-mary-jane\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Battersea, London, England", "Death Place": "Toowong, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Journalist, Scholar, Teacher, Women's rights activist, Writer", "Summary": "Leontine Cooper was Queensland's most significant writer addressing the rights of white women during the movement for woman suffrage in that state. By the late 1880s she had emerged as one of the key activists who contributed to progressive movements in Australian political life and Australian feminism. Cooper wrote short stories for the Boomerang and in the mid 1890s edited Queensland's only women's suffrage newspaper, the Star. For a short time she edited Flashes, a society newspaper, and for a while wrote 'Queensland Notes' for Louisa Lawson's feminist journal, the Dawn.\nIn 1889 Leontine Cooper led a breakaway group from the Woman's Equal Franchise Association, which became known as the Queensland Woman's Suffrage League. Cooper was concerned that the women's suffrage movement should not be 'captured' by the Labor Party, and become subject to party politics. Leontine founded and served as inaugural president of the Brisbane Pioneer Club in 1899 which, like its London namesake, was a progressive women's club.\n", "Details": "Leontine Cooper was the eldest child born to Frenchman Jean Francois Buisson and his English wife Dorothea (nee Smithers). She spent her early life living in the inner-London precinct of Battersea, and then at seaside Brighton, and married her husband, Edward Cooper (a surveyor), in London in 1866. She arrived in Brisbane on the 'Royal Dane' in November 1871, and during the 1870s worked briefly as a school teacher at Chinaman's Creek (now Albany Creek), and subsequently Brisbane Girls' Grammar School, where she taught French.\nDuring the 1880s and 1890s Cooper became a prominent Brisbane literary figure, serving on the influential Brisbane School of Arts committee, and playing an active role within the Brisbane Literary Circle, where she mixed with a number of leading social and political figures within colonial society. It was also during this period that Cooper emerged as a social justice and women's suffrage advocate. She was, for many years, a member of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty, and in 1891 served as Queensland Government appointee to the Shops and Factories Royal Commission.\nLeontine Cooper does not appear to have been related to pioneering medical practitioner Lilian Cooper who arrived in Brisbane in 1891, and who was also a significant 19th and early 20th century Queensland feminist figure.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/there-is-no-question-more-perplexing-at-the-present-time-and-more-frequently-discussed-than-womens-place-in-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cooper-leontine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leontine-cooper\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/only-a-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-suffrage-struggles\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/emma-miller-and-the-campaign-for-womens-suffrage-in-queensland-1894-1905\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cribb, Estelle", "Entry ID": "PR00340", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cribb-estelle\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Ipswich, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Ipswich, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Estelle Cribb was a first day pupil at Ipswich Girls Grammar School (IGGS) in 1892. She was the first woman to study for a Master of Arts, with Honours in Mathematics, from the University of Sydney. She graduated in 1901. After obtaining an Honours Diploma in Education, she was appointed Mathematical Mistress at IGGS in 1903. She held the position for 35 years, retiring in 1938. Estelle Cribb was an active member of the IGGS Old Girls' Association, serving as President for 12 years. She was much loved and when she died on 5 November 1947 a memorial fund was established by the Old Girls' Association. In 1952 commemorative gates were unveiled at the front of IGGS, which still commemorate her\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-estelle-cribb\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-estelle-cribb\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om84-15-cribb-family-papers-1867-1947\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Don, Ruth", "Entry ID": "PR00360", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/don-ruth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher, Trade unionist", "Summary": "Ruth Don was the first Senior Mistress of a Queensland high school, as well as the first female Principal of the Domestic Science High School and of Brisbane's Office Training College. She also became the Queensland Teachers Union's first female president. Ruth was founding president of the Forum Club in Brisbane.\n", "Details": "Ruth Don was born into a family of teachers; her father Alex had served as a Queensland Teachers Union president in the 1920s. In 1925 she completed her Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Queensland. Following a string of temporary appointments, in 1934 Ruth secured a teaching position at the State Commercial High School on George Street in Brisbane where the Queensland University of technology (QUT) now stands. She later became the first Senior Mistress of a Queensland high school in 1954.\nAdditionally, Ruth Don, along with two other university graduates, formed the Forum Club in 1941. She took on the position of founding president of the Forum Club, which sought to encourage women to find their voice as public speakers and learn how to run meetings effectively. Participation in the Forum Club provided Ruth with valuable experience for her later role as a union representative.\nThroughout her 40-year teaching career, Ruth was disappointed to encounter so many inequalities penalising female teachers. Her experiences in varied locations provided her with great insights for arguing for better working conditions for women. She was an instrumental player in advocating equal pay for women in the teaching field. Ruth was actively involved in the Queensland Teachers Union (QTU) and, in 1951 she became its first female president. In 1962, Ruth represented the QTU on the Equal Pay Committee, led by the State Service Union. It was not until 1967 that the Arbitration Commission accepted evidence that female teachers should be paid the same rate as male teachers. Ruth retired in 1968 and, just one year later, equal pay for all teachers was initiated by the Queensland Education Department.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-don-1902-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth-don-1902-2003-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-ruth-don-teacher-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Robinson, Nellie Elizabeth", "Entry ID": "PR00420", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robinson-nellie-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Mayor, Radio presenter, Teacher", "Summary": "Nellie Robinson was elected as Alderman to the Toowoomba Council in 1961. In 1967 she was elected mayor of Toowoomba, thus becoming Queensland's first female mayor. Nellie served the state for 14 years. The Queen's New Year Honours list in 1979 made her an officer of the Order of the British Empire for \"distinguished service to local government\".\n", "Details": "Nellie Robinson was educated at North State School, Glennie Memorial School and St. Hilda's at Southport. In the 1930s she commenced a 3 year course at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Without completing the course Nellie returned to Toowoomba at the outbreak of World War II. She taught briefly at Fairholme, and then became a driver with the Women's Voluntary Auxiliary for the remainder of the war. Next she joined radio station 4GR for a short time, before moving to 2LM Lismore where she established her own women's session on air.\nNellie then joined her father's grocery business which she carried on after his death in 1949, only selling it in 1967 when she was elected mayor of Toowoomba. She was President of the committee which raised funds to build the Senior Citizens' clubrooms in Victoria Street & was dedicated to the development of East Creek Park. A Park on the southern side of Toowoomba is named in her honour. Miss Robinson had a particular interest in dramatic art and cultural activities and was a trustee of the Toowoomba Regional Art Gallery and was actively involved in the Toowoomba Repertory Company. Nell Robinson retired in 1981 because of ill-health.\nShe passed away on 19th September 1992 & is buried at the Drayton and Toowoomba Cemetery. The Robinson Collection within the Toowoomba City Library is so named because of a generous twenty thousand dollar bequest from Miss Robinson.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nellie-e-robinson-queenslands-first-lady-mayor\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nellie-robinson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "O'Sullivan, Bridget (Bid)", "Entry ID": "PR00421", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osullivan-bridget-bid\/", "Type": "Person", "Occupations": "Radio Broadcaster, Teacher", "Summary": "Bridget 'Bid' O'Sullivan was the first teacher of the School-of-the-Air in Queensland. She delivered her first lesson on 25 January 1960 to 14 boys and girls from remote stations across the state using two-way radio communication. The broadcast was delivered from the Royal Flying Doctor Service residence in the North Queensland town of Cloncurry. Bid retired in 1963 and that same year was awarded a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her \"\u2026outstanding services and devotion to the children of Queensland in the field of education\".\nThe Queensland Department of Education, Training and the Arts offered the Bid O'Sullivan Teaching Scholarship annually from 1999 to 2012 to assist Year 12 students from rural and remote areas.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bid-osullivan-mbe-and-the-queensland-school-of-the-air\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/over-to-you-the-first-25-years-of-the-school-of-the-air-in-north-west-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Potter, Norah Mary", "Entry ID": "PR00431", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/potter-norah-mary\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cloontamore, Longford, Ireland", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious Sister, Teacher", "Summary": "Mother Patrick Potter was born in Ireland and educated at Cloontagh National School and Longford Convent School. In 1866 she began her novitiate as a Sister of Mercy at Athy Convent, Kildare. Upon arrival in Australia in 1868, Mother Patrick joined the Queensland Sisters of Mercy congregation which had been established by Mother Vincent Whitty, making her profession of vows at Brisbane's All Hallows Convent in 1869. Appointed to All Hallows' school, Mother Patrick contributed greatly to the religious, academic and cultural development of the students. In 1879 she was elected to the administration of the Brisbane congregation of Sisters of Mercy, where she acted as Superior or assistant, for the next 48 years.\n", "Details": "After a few years' teaching in Ipswich, Queensland, Mother Patrick was appointed to an administrative role at All Hallows School (the first secondary school for girls in Queensland). In contributing to All Hallows' agenda, she made a particular contribution to the school's music program. She was a friend to her students, offering advice and encouragement, promoting higher education and preparing candidates for junior examinations at the Universities of Sydney and Queensland. In 1889 she introduced Latin into a course which already included French, Italian and German.\nFollowing Mother Patrick's election to the Brisbane Sisters of Mercy, she assisted in establishing convents and schools in areas as remote as Charleville and Goondiwindi. Mother Vincent Whitty's idea of building a Mater Misericordiae Hospital in Brisbane was enthusiastically adopted by Mother Patrick who brought about the purchase of the South Brisbane land in 1893.She had planned for a children's wing on the site before she died in 1927. The Mater Children's Hospital opened in 1931 and was dedicated to her memory.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mother-mary-patrick-potter-1849-1927\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/expressions-of-mercy-brisbanes-mater-hospitals-1906-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/potter-norah-mary-1849-1927\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/michael-potter-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/7309-photographs-of-the-funeral-of-the-rev-mother-patrick-1927\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bryan, Edith", "Entry ID": "PR00446", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bryan-edith\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Derby, Derbyshire, England", "Death Place": "Ascot Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Disability rights activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Edith Bryan was appointed head teacher of the school section of the Queensland Blind, Deaf and Dumb Institution in Brisbane, Australia, in 1901. In 1918 the Queensland government assumed responsibility for this charitable organisation and initially Edith retained her position with the institution.\nFollowing an increase in class numbers as a direct result of introduction of the Blind, Deaf and Dumb Instruction Act of 1924, which made the education of deaf children compulsory, it was deemed appropriate in 1926 that a male should take control of the school. Edith retained charge of the deaf section of the school until she retired in 1937, after which she continued to work for the deaf community.\nAn active member of the Queensland Adult Deaf and Dumb Mission which she had helped to establish in 1902, Edith chaired a parent support-group which she had also promoted. The mission named Edith Bryan Hostel in her honour.\n", "Details": "Educated at the local council school, in 1887-91 Edith served as a pupil-teacher at the Royal Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, Derby. Having obtained a diploma (1892) from the College of Teachers of the Deaf, London, she taught in Ireland at the Dublin Institute for the Deaf, then at the Jews' School for the Deaf, London, before returning to Derby in 1893.\nEdith arrived in South Australia in 1895 where, on 29 June at St James's Church, West Adelaide, she married Cecil Charles Bryan, another teacher from the Derby Institute, who was appointed senior teacher at the Blind, Deaf and Dumb institution, Brighton. Following her husband's death in January 1897, Edith took a private teaching post at Port Rush, Antrim, Ireland, and then returned to England in 1899 to teach at the Deaf school, Bristol. Edith arrived in Brisbane on 12 November 1901 to take up her position with the Queensland Blind, Deaf and Dumb Institution.\nUpon determining the aptitude of a student, Bryan would then place each child in either an oral or sign-language group. She had been deeply influenced by the work of Thomas Arnold and used his textbooks in training pupil-teachers. Edith was an advocate for change in Queensland in accordance with the 1889 recommendations of the Royal commission on the condition of the blind, the deaf and the dumb in the United Kingdom. She supported early compulsory education for the blind and the deaf, and recommended appropriate teacher-training. The deaf community had great faith in her integrity and competence. Due to her proficiency in sign language Edith was frequently enlisted as an interpreter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bryan-edith-1872-1963\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-edith-bryan-hostel-a-commemorative-history-of-the-queensland-deaf-societys-residential-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/workshop-of-the-queensland-school-for-the-deaf-at-dutton-park-brisbane-ca-1935\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/registers-of-letters-received\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McConnel, May Jordan", "Entry ID": "PR00479", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcconnel-may-jordan\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "?, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "?, California, United States of America", "Occupations": "Nurse, Suffragist, Teacher, Union organiser", "Summary": "May Jordan McConnel was the first paid female union organiser in Queensland, elected Secretary of the newly-formed Tailoresses Union on 5 August 1890. The Brisbane Women's Union met for the first time on 27 August 1890 and discussions focused on securing fair wages, fair hours and equitable conditions in the workplace for women. In Brisbane on 17 December 1893, May delivered an address to suffrage supporters, celebrating New Zealand women's success in attaining the right to vote. In February 1894, a public meeting was held and the Woman's Equal Franchise Association, a strong supporter of women's suffrage, was founded. May was elected as Treasurer. In 1910, the McConnel family left Brisbane for the United States, leaving their Indooroopilly house, 'Robgill', as a gift to Queensland. This house became the Methodist Church's first institutionalised home for orphans in the state - the original Queen Alexander Home for Children. The family never returned to Australia and May died in California in 1929.\n", "Details": "Mary Emma (May) Jordan was the eldest daughter of Henry Jordan, a medical missionary and dentist who became one of Queensland's first parliamentarians. May was qualified in both teaching and nursing. She taught at Petrie Terrace and South Brisbane state schools, both of which were attended by children from working class families. May's decision to fight for the rights of the working class is thought to have emanated from her teaching experiences.\nMay was the driving force behind the formation of the Brisbane Women's Union. It was founded among growing outrage over unsatisfactory working women's conditions and as a result of the intense lobbying of high profile supporters such as Emma Miller and William Lane, editor of the Worker newspaper. Unionism was a new concept and the advantages of fighting as a group, as opposed to one-on-one, was stressed to working women.\nDue to increased criticisms of unsafe workplaces and poor treatment of workers, the Queensland Government called a Royal Commission into Shops, Factories and Workshops. May, now married,\u00a0was included as a representative on the commission. The commission's report, of which May was a signatory, put forward a number of recommendations, but sadly no action was taken as far as implementation until 1896.\nMay married into the pioneering McConnel family of Cressbroke on 24 December 1890. The McConnel family moved to the United States, relocated to England, and then returned to California during World War I. May spent the rest of her life in California.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-jordan-mcconnel-1860-1929-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-jordan-mcconnel-1860-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-emma-mcconnel-nee-jordan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/may-emma-mcconnel-nee-jordan-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-emma-mcconnel-1860-1929\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McHenry, Zoe Rosalind", "Entry ID": "PR00741", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mchenry-zoe-rosalind\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "St Kilda, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Accompanist, Composer, Musician, Teacher", "Summary": "Zoe McHenry was the great -grand-daughter of Brunswick, Victoria, pioneers Luisa and Thomas Wilkinson, and the grand-daughter of Victoria's first woman pharmacist, Sarah George.\u00a0A pianist and music teacher, Zoe\u00a0Henry was employed in 1943,\u00a0its inaugural year, by the ABC's\u00a0 Kindergarten of the Air,\u00a0as a pianist.\u00a0 Recognising the dearth of appropriate music for children's activities, \u00a0Zoe\u00a0 began to compose for the program.\u00a0 She continued to do so after leaving the program in order to care for her father, who was ill.\u00a0 She published several books of music and songs for kindergarten,\u00a0 travelling to London in 1962 to record.\u00a0 Her music is still recorded and used today, including on\u00a0the ABC's 'Play School'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kindergarten-of-the-air-as-i-knew-it\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kindergarten-of-the-air-part-1includes-42-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wilkinson-george-mchenry-family-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kindergarten-of-the-air-part-2includes-34-photographs\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wood, Marie", "Entry ID": "PR00858", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wood-marie\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Teacher", "Summary": "Marie Wood graduated in Arts from the University of Melbourne in 1967, taught at McKinnon High School, Melbourne, and trained briefly\u00a0as a graduate nurse\u00a0at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. In late 1969 she joined the New South Wales Department of Child and Welfare Services as a teacher at Bidura, Glebe, a temporary receiving home for children removed from their families before allocation to foster homes or other institutions. From February to July\u00a01970, she taught girls convicted of 'exposure to moral danger' and similar offences at the Department's Ormond Training School for Girls, Thornleigh, Sydney.\n", "Details": "Marie Wood was born at Elwood, Melbourne, in 1946, one of the six children of Gordon Stanway, a paper merchant, and Mary ne\u00e9 Reid. She was educated at the Star of the Sea Convent, Garden Vale, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne in 1967. She taught at Mckinnon High School, Melbourne, before enrolling as a graduate student in nursing at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, in February 1969. On abandoning her nursing studies she joined the New South Wales Department of Child and Welfare Services as a teacher at Bidura, Glebe, a receiving home where children were temporarily accommodated awaiting placement in foster homes or transfer to other establishments.\nFrom February to July 1970 she was transferred to teach at the Department's Ormond Training School for Girls at Thornleigh, where she taught a class of younger girls who had been convicted of 'exposure to moral danger' and similar offences. In 1971 she completed her teacher training with the New South Wales Department of Education and taught at Bass Hill High, before traveling to London where she taught in the East End for the Inner London Education Authority. While in London she married an Australian diplomat, Gregory Wood, they have three sons. She is currently Manager, Strategic Development, in the National Office of Museums Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marie-wood-interviewed-by-ann-mari-jordens-in-the-forgotten-australians-and-former-child-migrants-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gelman, Sylvia", "Entry ID": "AWE6392", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gelman-sylvia\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Equestrian, Gymnast, Public speaker, Teacher, Women's rights activist", "Summary": "Sylvia Gelman was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1981 'in recognition of service to education, youth and the Jewish community'. She was also appointed Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 2003 'in recognition of service to the community, particularly through a range of organisations concerned with issues affecting women'. These organisations included The National Council of Jewish Women of Victoria and Australia, the Young Women's Christian Association of Victoria, and both the national and Victorian branches of the National Council of Women.\n", "Details": "Sylvia Gelman (nee Benn) was born on the 17th April 1919 in Fitzroy, Melbourne, the daughter of Maurice Benn and Elizabeth Jacobs, who had arrived in Australia from the UK in 1910. They had travelled to Australia for their honeymoon, and Maurice was so seasick on the way out he swore he would never travel anywhere again by sea. Their honeymoon lasted the fifty years that they were together in Australia. Sylvia was educated at University High School and the Melbourne Teachers' College, University of Melbourne. She was a dynamic and memorable teacher of a wide range of subjects. After graduation she taught in several rural schools. Eventually Sylvia was appointed Senior Mistress at Mount Scopus College in 1953 and she was constantly greeted in such places as Hospital Emergency rooms by doctors and former pupils at social Maccabi Sports functions with enormous affection, saying 'Mrs Gelman, you taught me and I wouldn't be where I am today without you.'\nHer passion was always education and she said, 'There is a saying that if you educate a man, you are educating an individual, but if you educate a woman, you are educating a family. Women's roles have changed a lot over the years.'\nIn 1938 Sylvia met her match in more ways than one. They met through their mutual interest in sport when Manuel Gelman, as the President of Associated Judean Athletics Clubs (AJAX), asked her to become Secretary of what is now known as Victoria Maccabi. They married in 1950. In those days female teachers had to resign from the Education Department schools on marriage. Sylvia did so but immediately started teaching at Mount Scopus. Sylvia and Mannie were a perfect team. Of equal intellect, they also shared a love of travel. They were partners both at work and play.\nIn an anniversary tribute to Mannie in January 1993 Sylvia wrote 'It was with you that I thrilled to the exciting sounds of Antonio and his dancers at the Zarzuella in Madrid, and, it was with you that I stood in awe before the paintings in the Caves of Lascaux touched by the spirit of their Cro-Magnon creators. They were married for forty-three eventful years until sadly, Mannie died later that year on 25 August 1993.\nIn his memory, Sylvia established an Award for Teaching Excellence in the Faculty of Education at Melbourne University. His nephew Graham Solomon said 'he had an insatiable appetite for the arts. If it had not been for him I would never have been able to envelope myself in the delights of the English language. I must give special thanks to Auntie Sylvia, for without her, the world would have seen only half the man that is Mannie Gelman.'\nIn 1992, in Melbourne, the French Ambassador Philippe Baud presented Mannie with the Order of the Legion d'Honneur for his contribution to his 60 years of promoting France's language, civilisation and culture. Fluent in French, he inspired his students by his love of all language, so much so that the students at Coburg High School demanded that he teach them both French and Latin, when their choice was limited to just one language - and they won.\nIn the 1970s, on retiring from teaching, Sylvia became a member of the National Council of Jewish Women in Victoria (NCJW) and editor of their newsletter. After three years in that role, the retiring President Mina Fink asked her to take on the presidency. As a relative newcomer to the organisation, Sylvia refused. She pointed out that Mina had two Vice Presidents who should be considered. For several months, Mina kept insisting she accept the role, even pursuing her target at their vacation retreat at Ocean Grove until she persuaded her. 'What Mina wants, Mina gets', was a catch phrase in the Fink and NCJW families at the time and proved to be correct once again. Fink, before she retired, had invited the global organisation of the International Council of Jewish Women to hold their next convention in Australia in 1975, the UN International Women's Year, and Sylvia accepted the presidency with the proviso that it came attached with a suitable committee of skilled organisers elected to stage this conference. It did and they did stage a memorable and successful global conference. This would be the first International Council of Jewish Women Convention to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, and was also the first International Jewish Conference to be held in Australia. Sylvia persuaded the current Governor General, Sir John Kerr, to open the conference and when he arrived his aide explained sternly that he would have to leave as soon as he had finished speaking. He stayed and didn't leave until the end. When the next national conference was held in Perth, Sylvia secured Governor-General Sir Zelman Cowan as that keynote speaker.\nSylvia was appointed a Life Governor and Trustee of the National Council of Jewish Women of Australia in 1988. In 2018 they formed a Sylvia Gelman Foundation in her honour to fundraise for educational bursaries for disadvantaged students, to support the smaller sections of the organisation and also to foster overseas speakers as scholars in residence. She did much to enhance and enrich the understanding of non-Jews in multi-cultural Australia, in the uniqueness of Jewish history and made a significant improvement in the understanding and tolerance between peoples of diverse religions and ethnic backgrounds.\nThrough NCJW, Sylvia became their delegate on the Victorian National Council of Women (NCWV), eventually serving as Honorary Advisor to the Executive and was honoured to be named one of their Honorary Life Members, to be listed on the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012) and be a recipient of the Sir John Monash Award from the Jewish Community Council of Victoria in 2011 for her outstanding contribution to the state. Gracia Baylor, a former President of NCW, once said of Sylvia, 'She is a woman for all times, all seasons - ageless, blessed with a wonderful sense of humour, her intellect and her humanitarian view of life and an influence to all who come in contact with her.'\nFrom 1987 to 1990 Sylvia was the President of the National Council of Women of Victoria and her stewardship marked a great period of productivity for the organisation. At the end of her term she became the Convenor of the Arts & Letters & Music Committee and organised the publication of a book of poetry by women The Whirling Spindle, which was a great success both as a record of the writing of women poets, and for the National Council of Women as an auspicing body. Other publications followed: From a Camel to the Moon: An Anthology for the International Year of Older Persons, 1999; Valuing the Volunteers: An Anthology for the International Year of Volunteers, 2001; Forever Eve: An Anthology Celebrating NCJWV 75th Anniversary, 2002. These books delighted many of the writers, many of whom had never been published before. An impressive public speaker, she said, 'I urge people to undertake public speaking courses and get access to education in order for them to advance in all directions.' Sylvia herself has initiated public speaking workshops to achieve this end.\nThe Liberal Party of Australia Victoria Division invited her to speak at a one-day seminar. Sylvia explained that both the National Council of Women of Victoria and the National Council of Jewish Women of Victoria were strictly non-party political organisations, so any discussion of politics was not permitted. 'No' was the reply 'We want you to speak on the role of your organisation to explain the work that you do.' At one stage during her address she stated 'that men, have always considered women as a side issue.' One of the Melbourne dailies printed it as 'Quote of the week' and at the end of that year it was voted 'Quote of the Year.'\n", "Events": "Honoured by the Victorian Women's Trust 'Ordinary women Extraordinary lives' Exhibition Melbourne (2001 - 2001) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2012 - 2012) \nMember of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) (1981 - 1981) \nMember of the National Committee of Non-Government Organisations for the International Year of the Child (1979 - 1979) \nMember of the Order of Australia (2003 - 2003) \nQueen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977 - 1977) \nSir John Monash Award from the Jewish Community Council of Victoria (2011 - 2011) \nVictorian Women's Consultative Committee (1988 - 1989)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bassat, Nina", "Entry ID": "AWE6399", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bassat-nina\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lw\u00f3w, Poland", "Occupations": "Campaigner, Chairperson, Community activist, Community advocate, Community Leader, Jewish community leader, Lawyer, President, Solicitor, Teacher", "Summary": "Nina Bassat is a Holocaust survivor and former lawyer who was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2004 Australia Day Honours List 'for service to the community as an executive member of a range of peak Jewish organisations and through the promotion of greater community understanding'. The first woman to be president of the Jewish Community Council of Victoria, she also served as president of the Executive Council of Australian Jewry - the first Holocaust survivor and first woman lawyer to attain that position.\n", "Details": "Janina 'Nina' Bassat (n\u00e9e Katz) was born on 8 April 1939 to Izydor and Hadassa Katz (n\u00e9e Wargo\u0144) in Lw\u00f3w, Poland. Soon afterwards, the country was invaded - first by Germany and then by the Soviet Union - and World War II was declared. On 25 July 1941, Bassat's father, who had graduated from the University of Lw\u00f3w law school but, unable to practise law as a Jew, was instead employed at the Lw\u00f3w brewery while pursuing a doctorate, was taken away and killed. Bassat and her mother would eventually spend more than a year in Lw\u00f3w's ghettoes - Bassat once narrowly avoiding being taken to the Be\u0142\u017cec gas chambers - before escaping and going into hiding.\nAfter the War, the surviving members of Bassat's family - her mother, maternal uncle, and maternal aunt and cousin who had been interned at Auschwitz-Birkenau and then at Bergen-Belsen - and she wound up in a displaced persons camp in Bad W\u00f6rishofen, Germany. Concerned that her now eight-year-old daughter could neither read nor write, Bassat's mother arranged for her to have a governess. It proved an unhappy experience for Bassat and led to her attending the town's local convent school instead - its only Jewish pupil.\nFollowing the death of Bassat's aunt; rejection of their applications to go to what was then Palestine; and fuelled by a desire to get as far away from Europe as possible, the stateless family of four arrived in Australia in February 1949. At first, Bassat attended Hutton Street Primary School (now Thornbury Primary School), later transferring to Wales Street Primary School when her uncle bought a house for the family in Darebin Road, Northcote. After a stint at Fairfield Central, she entered University High School where she completed Years 9 to 12. While a student, she worked in the milk-bar which her mother and step-father (Abraham Teicher, whom her mother had married in 1953) owned in Brighton.\nAt 16, she met her future husband, Robert 'Bob' Bassat, who had recently finished school. Born in Egypt, Bob had lived in Belgian Congo, attended boarding school in South Africa and was about to begin studying engineering at the University of Melbourne. The couple married at the Toorak Shule on 23 February 1960, Bob having graduated the previous year. They would have three children: Sally, Andrew and Paul.\nHaving obtained a Commonwealth scholarship, Bassat embarked upon a Bachelor of Laws degree at the University of Melbourne in 1957. In 1962, following the birth of Sally, Bassat deferred her law degree which she had been undertaking part-time and completed the arts degree she had also commenced. In 1965, pregnant with Andrew, she took up the postgraduate study which was then required, along with articles of clerkship, to practise law. In between having her children, Bassat taught English as a Second Language. She also lectured in Australian literature at the Council of Adult Education.\nBeing a woman who was also married and had children, Bassat struggled to find someone willing to offer her articles. Local Brighton firm William Kosky and Associates finally took her on in September 1974. Admitted to practice as a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Victoria on 3 May 1976, she remained with the firm for a further 18 months before setting up her own practice in 1980; she specialised in litigation, property, succession and family law. (For approximately 15 years, she was heavily involved with matters concerning gett (Jewish divorce)). She combined the running of her practice with significant involvement as an executive member of a number of peak Jewish organisations, and was active at state, federal and international levels.\nBassat was president - the first woman elected to that position - of the Jewish Community Council of Victoria (JCCV) (1996-1998; 2011-2014). Helping those affected by the 1997 Maccabiah bridge collapse was a preoccupation during her first term as JCCV president and during her term as president of the Executive Council of Australian Jewry (ECAJ) (1998-2001). In 2011-12, the issue of child sexual abuse galvanised Bassat and her colleagues to convene a child protection reference group to develop and implement a strategy for the community. Bassat was co-author of a submission to the Victorian government and gave evidence at the parliamentary Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and Other Organisations in 2013. It was around this time that she also chaired Maccabi Australia's Committee of Review into Sexual Abuse Allegations.\nWith her appointment as president of the ECAJ, Bassat became the first Holocaust survivor, first woman lawyer and second woman (after Diane Shteinman) to attain that position. During her term, she was occupied with a range of matters, including the inappropriate use of Holocaust imagery, issues relating to Nazi war criminals and the promotion of Aboriginal reconciliation. An initiative during her presidency was the setting up of, with the assistance of the Pratt Foundation, an Australia-wide telephone hotline which enabled thousands of survivors across the country to make claims - particularly of slave labour - for restitution.\nBeginning in 2000, Bassat served as a board member and honorary secretary to the New York-based Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture. She has been a board and planning committee member to the Claims Conference (also based in New York), that is, the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany Inc, the mission of which 'has been to provide a measure of justice for Jewish Holocaust victims, and to provide them with the best possible care'. From 1998-2001, while serving on the Claims Conference board, she was also Australian Jewry's representative to the executive of the World Jewish Congress Inc.\nOther organisations to which Bassat has contributed her time and expertise over many years include Jewish Care Victoria, the International Council of Jewish Women and the National Council of Jewish Women of Australia Victoria, of which she was vice-president between 1985 and 1996. For over a decade from 1997 she was a trustee of the National Council of Jewish Women of Australia Foundation. Since 2008 she has been a trustee (now director) of the Jewish Holocaust Centre Foundation. Bassat has won praise for the part she has also played in supporting interfaith projects. She was recently active in Kynnections, a program 'bringing young people from diverse religious, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds to participate in project based activities to create social cohesion and harmony in Victoria'. She is a former deputy chair of the Parliament of the World's Religions' Melbourne board of management.\nBassat's outstanding communal service has been recognised through a number of awards. In 2000, the National Council of Jewish Women of Australia honoured Bassat with an achievement award. The following year, she was made an honorary Maccabian, 'in recognition of outstanding contribution in assisting the victims of the bridge tragedy at the 15th Maccabiah - July 1997'. In 2003, Bassat was an early inductee onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia 'for service to the community as an executive member of a range of peak Jewish organisations and through the promotion of greater community understanding' in the 2004 Australia Day Honours List. In 2007, she was named Woman of the Year by the Women's International Zionist Organisation (WIZO) Victoria, and in 2009 she received the General Sir John Monash Award for outstanding service to the Victorian Jewish community.\n", "Events": "Appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (2004 - 2004) \nExecutive Council of Australian Jewry (1998 - 2001) \nGeneral Sir John Monash Award for outstanding service to the Victorian Jewish community (2009 - 2009) \nInducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2003 - 2003) \nJewish Community Council of Victoria (1996 - 1998) \nJewish Community Council of Victoria (2011 - 2014) \nJewish Holocaust Centre Foundation (2008 - ) \nNamed Woman of the Year by the Women's International Zionist Organisation Victoria (2007 - 2007) \nNational Council of Jewish Women of Australia (2000 - 2000) \nNational Council of Jewish Women of Australia Victoria (1985 - 1996)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nina-bassat-interviewed-by-kim-rubenstein\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marginson, Betty May", "Entry ID": "AWE6411", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-may\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Activist, Councillor, Mayor, Teacher, Volunteer", "Summary": "Betty Marginson was a pioneer in many fields as a teacher, a student and community activist, local Councillor and advocate for citizens' and women's rights. Her academic career spanned the World War II years as an undergraduate student to 1985 when she took her Diploma in Public Policy at the age of 62. As well as raising four children with her husband Ray Marginson, she taught at various State Schools from 1943 to 1982. She was the founding President of the Hawthorn Chapter of the University of the Third Age, becoming President of the Victorian network in 1993. The first woman appointed Mayor of the City of Hawthorn from 1976 to 1977, she was a Council Member from 1972 to 1981. In the wider world, Betty Marginson was President of University College, University of Melbourne from 1986 to 1991, and was a voluntary worker in many fields, including at Heide Park and Art Gallery.\n", "Details": "Betty May Marginson, was born on 3 February 1923 in Clifton Hill, Melbourne, the youngest of the five children of Winifred and William John Reilly and educated at Geelong Road Primary School, Footscray and Williamstown High School. The first in her family to attend a university, she enrolled at the Melbourne Teachers' College in 1939 and in 1943 at the University of Melbourne from which she took her BA. In 1946 she was Vice-President of the Students' Representative Council and served as Victorian Minute Secretary of the Council for Civil Liberties, working with Brian Fitzpatrick in its unsuccessful campaigns in the 1944 and 1946 referenda to persuade Victorians to vote in favour of extending Commonwealth powers.\nIn 1947 she married Raymond David Marginson. Their first son, Simon, was born in 1951 and although she returned briefly to teaching at Eltham High School, she left in 1955 after the birth of their second son, David. A third son, Gregory followed, and it was not until 1969, when their daughter Jenny was old enough for school that she returned to teaching. At Hawthorn West Central School, she taught English to immigrant children until 1982. She joined the Victorian Teachers' Union in 1969.\nShe became the Treasurer of the School Council and in 1972 was elected to the Hawthorn City Council on which she served until 1981. In 1976, she was elected its first woman Mayor and in 1979, she became the first woman elected to the Municipal Association of Victoria. She was the Local Government representative on the Victorian Child Development and Family Services\nCouncil and Hawthorn City Council representative on the Family and Community Services Regional Committee.\nBetty Marginson's influence through local government was extensive and long-lasting. Her time on the Council saw the establishment of a day-care hospital, the commissioning of a report on the needs of the ageing in the area and construction of the Hawthorn Aquatic and Leisure Centre. She joined the Australian Local Government Women's in 1972.\nHer influence on the wider community was equally impressive. Long active in the campaign for abortion law reform, Betty Marginson chaired the Consultative Council on Senior Citizens set up by the Victorian government from 1981 till 1988, when she became Vice Chairperson of its successor, the State Government Older Persons' Council. She was the foundation president of the Hawthorn chapter of the University of the Third Age and in 1993 was elected President of the Victoria State University of the Third Age Network.\nShe became a Justice of the Peace in 1979 and was a member of the Council of University College, University of Melbourne from 1983 to 1993, and served as President from 1986 to 1990. She was equally active in other areas, as a member of the National Trust of Australia and National Gallery Society of Victoria from 1960, in the Lyceum Club and as a voluntary worker at the Heide Park and Art Gallery.\nBetty Marginson's contribution to Australia life was recognised by the award of the Queen's Jubilee Medal in 1977, becoming a Member of the Order of Australia in 1993 and in 2001 becoming one of the two hundred women placed on the Honour Roll of 'Women Shaping the Nation' and receiving the Centenary of Federation Medal.\n", "Events": "Adult Community and Further Education representative of Council for Adult Education (1992 - 1992) \nCentenary of Federation Medal (2001 - 2001) \nCouncil of University College, University of Melbourne (1986 - 1986) \nFirst woman Executive Committee Member, Municipal Association of Victoria (1979 - 1979) \nFirst women Mayor of Hawthorn City Council (1976 - 1976) \nJustice of the Peace (1979 - 1979) \nMember of the Order of Australia (AM) (1993 - 1993) \nPlaced on Honour Roll of 'Women Shaping the Nation' (2001 - 2001) \nPresident of Victoria-wide network of University of the Third Age (1993 - 1993) \nQueen's Jubilee Medal (1977 - 1977)", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-marginson-interviewed-by-ann-turner-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marginson-betty-5\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gale, Kathleen Windeyer", "Entry ID": "AWE4346", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gale-kathleen-windeyer\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Lismore, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Headmistress, Teacher", "Summary": "Kathleen (Winnie) Windeyer Gale established the Audley Girls' School in Killara in the late 1920s.\n", "Events": ": Opened the Audley Girls' School, Killara, a day and boarding school for girls (1928 - 1928) \nAppointed Principal of the Boarding School at Roseville Girls' College, Roseville (1947 - 1947) \nGraduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Sydney (1913 - 1913) \nMatriculated Sydney Church of England Grammar School for Girls (1909 - 1909) \nStudied at Cambridge Training College for Women (1926 - 1926) \nThe Audley School closed (1946 - 1946)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneer-women-graduates-of-the-university-of-sydney-1881-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/personal-archives-of-gale-kathleen-windeyer-18-1976\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dawson, Elizabeth OAM", "Entry ID": "AWE23090699", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dawson-elizabeth\/", "Type": "Person", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "social activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Liz Dawson trained and worked as a speech therapist and teacher and her early social activism related to school education. Later in life, she lobbied through the organisation Common Ground to provide permanent, safe and supported homes for the homeless and for low-income families in Canberra. She was nominated as Canberran of the Year and ACT Local Hero in 2012 and was awarded an Order of Australia Medal 'for her tireless work providing for homeless individuals and their families' in the Queen's Birthday honours in 2013.\nLiz Dawson was inscribed on the ACT Women's Honour Roll in 2014.\n", "Details": "Elizabeth (Liz) Dawson was born on 28 May 1936, the daughter of Olga Mary (nee Barton) secretary and later newsagent, and David Francis Lewis, a judge in the New South Wales District and Quarter Sessions courts. Educated at a private boarding school in Tamworth NSW and later at Ascham school, Sydney, she completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at Sydney University and a Licentiate of the Australian College of Speech Therapy in 1958. \u00a0She worked as a children's speech therapist in Brisbane. Following her marriage to Peter Dawson on 8 June 1963 at St John's Anglican Church, Balmain, she moved to Canberra where she worked in the Commonwealth Public Service. She accompanied her husband to Indonesia when he was appointed Trade Commissioner and to his next posting in Kenya. The couple returned to Canberra in 1969 with their two daughters, Julie and Kate, where their third daughter, Sophie, was born.\nLiz's life reflected her passion for social justice, education and gender equity. After graduating with a Diploma of Education from the University of Canberra in the mid 1970s, she became a primary school teacher and in 1997 was awarded a Master of Education from that university.\u00a0 She and Peter became involved as parents in the Association for Modern Education School. Operating in Canberra from 1972 to 1996, the independent, progressive school encouraged students to develop their individual talents rather than following a set curriculum. In 1989 she received an ACT Government Achievement Award for her innovative work as a teacher at Duffy Primary School and for promoting gender equity in education. Active in the ACT Teacher's Federation and the Labor Party, of which she was a life member, Liz initiated a political campaign to have class sizes in the ACT reduced to 20 at the kindergarten level, a policy later adopted by the Labor Party and extended to all ACT primary schools. In 1990 Elizabeth joined the Public Service Commission as its Women's Advisor. She subsequently worked in the Department of Education until her retirement in 2005.\nIn the early 2000s she completed a Graduate Diploma in Community Counselling at the University of Canberra, while working part time at Marymead, a support agency for families, and at a women's refuge. This experience made her determined to support homeless people. As an employee of the Salvation Army, she initiated and developed a dental support program for pensioners amd arranged for Canberra hairdresser, Angelo Cataldo, to provide free haircuts to clients to boost self-esteem. Despite undergoing bouts of chemotherapy for bowel cancer from December 2010, and blindness suddenly brought on by temporal arteritis in March 2011, Elizabeth remained undaunted in her social activism. She was nominated as Canberran of the Year and ACT Local Hero in 2012 and was awarded an Order of Australia Medal 'for her tireless work providing for homeless individuals and their families' in the Queen's Birthday honours in 2013. Her name was inscribed on the ACT Honour Walk in 2014.\nElizabeth tirelessly lobbied the ACT Government to establish permanent, safe and supported homes for the homeless and low paid workers in the ACT, such as those first established by Common Ground in New York in 1980.\u00a0 Similar centres were already operating in Brisbane, Sydney and Adelaide. She gained support from the Snow Foundation and from Tanya Plibersek, Federal Minister for Housing in the first Rudd government. A persistent lobbyist, Liz observed: 'The great thing about having terminal cancer is no one ever says no to you'. Common Ground ultimately received a $4 million grant from the Commonwealth and a further $7.5 million from the ACT government, enabling it to build 40 secure, self-contained, one-bedroom apartments in Gungahlin. Twenty apartments were for people who had experienced chronic homelessness, the remainder reserved for people on low incomes. The complex opened on 3 July 2015. Elizabeth worked with the Gungahlin Community Council to enhance community support for the project and promote better understanding of homelessness. She obtained funding from the Thyne Reid Foundation to make three films featuring local homeless people, each launched by Andrew Leigh, ACT Labor Member of the House of Representatives.\nElizabeth used her experience of blindness to help fellow Canberrans with visual impairment. She formed a drumming group, The Groves, served on the Board of the Blind Society and in 2014, with the aid of her daughter Kate, published a book, Where is my left eyebrow?: Losing my eyesight overnight that described her battle with cancer and gave practical tips to people with impaired vision. Elizabeth died on 16 November 2014, survived by her husband, daughters and six grandchildren. In his tribute, read in the House of Representatives on 27 November 2014, Andrew Leigh remarked: 'Liz was just a firecracker for change \u2026 She saw that parliamentarians were not to be feared but were to be used'. The Chief Minister of the ACT, Katy Gallagher, described her as a friend and the Member for Canberra in the House of Representatives, Gai Brodtmann, said in her speech to Parliament: 'Liz inspires us to be the best we can be. To act on disadvantage. To better contribute to our community'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/act-honour-walk-act-australias-local-hero-nominee-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queens-birthday-honours-2013\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-memory-of-elizabeth-dawson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-dawson-with-kate-dawson-where-is-my-left-eyebrow-losing-my-eyesight-overnight\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hansard-statements-by-members-statement-by-the-hon-gai-brodtmann-mp-re-dawson-ms-liz-oam\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cains, Bev", "Entry ID": "AWE24071260", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cains-bev\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Cairns, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Bev Cains was a member of the Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly representing the Family Team for the electorate of Fraser 1979-1986. After self-government, she was unsuccessful in the 1987 election for the Federal seat of Canberra.\u00a0 She also stood unsuccessfully for the ACT Legislative Assembly in 1989 and 1992. During her political career she was an ardent advocate and activist for conservative values.\n", "Details": "Bev Cains was elected to the ACT House of Assembly in 1979 as a member of the Family Team. She was the party's sole representative until the 1982 election when she was joined by Betty Hocking. The House of Assembly ceased to exist in 1986, in preparation for self-government. After unsuccessfully contesting the Federal seat of Canberra in the 1987 election, Cains headed the Family Team's ticket for the new ACT Legislative Assembly in 1989, but was defeated. Her final attempt at winning public office was at the 1992 ACT Legislative Assembly election. She was placed second on the list for the Better Management Team but only the lead member Harold Hird was elected.\nDuring her political career Bev Cains was an ardent advocate and public activist for conservative values that had been part of her childhood and upbringing in the Catholic faith. Later in life she disagreed on some issues with the more liberal views of the Catholic hierarchy.\nBeverley Mary Evelyn Rogers was born at Cairns on 25 February 1938 to a family with a long history in far north Queensland; her grandmother was born in Cooktown and her mother at Irvinebank near Herberton. Beverley was educated at St Joseph's school, Cairns and Mount St Bernard College, Herberton. She trained as a primary school teacher and taught at several Catholic schools in the Cairns diocese. In 1968, at the age of 30, Beverley Rogers married Kevin Cains at St Monica's Cathedral, Cairns and they had five children: Cathy, twin boys David and Paul, Stephen and Anne. After moving to Canberra Bev Cains became a well-known member of the ACT community, taking part in the Canberra Branch of the Society of Women Writers and the Women's Action Alliance.\nShe began her campaign for the House of Assembly as an independent to advocate for family values, motivated by 'a number of people on the southside asking her to contest'. She had formed the Family Team with Stewart Homan but she was the sole candidate elected. In her first term in the House of Assembly, she advocated against rape protestors taking part in ANZAC Day ceremonies and against what she termed 'antiChristian' sex education in public schools.\nShe campaigned under the Family Team again in 1982 with five other candidates, Cains being elected and joined by Betty Hocking. Throughout her next term she advocated in support of private school education, which was a consistent stance throughout her time in office, and against the presence of what she described as 'radical feminism' in government schools.\nCains drew significant media attention in May 1984 with a political demonstration designed to expose the weakness of controls on pornography. She had her 14-year-old daughter hire X- and R-rated videos from four stores in Canberra, despite it being illegal for people under 18 to rent such videos. Over the next two\u00a0 years, she was involved in controversy around the AIDS crisis and attitudes to homosexuality. She called for harsher penalties for blood donors carrying AIDS and was opposed to various AIDS awareness campaigns and sex education reforms.\nIn her unsuccessful campaign for the Federal seat of Canberra in 1987, Cains focused on providing support for the 'functioning family', as well as policies of 'no casino for Canberra and for self-government in the form of a municipal council, a ban on pornography, encouraging patriotism, and more choice and higher standards in the ACT education system'.\nFollowing her political career Cains maintained a strong public profile demonstrating against abortion and the operation of clinics, including as President of the ACT Right to Life Association. She also expressed strong opposition to the Roman Catholic Church's advocacy for a Yes vote in the Voice referendum. In a 2023 letter to the President of the Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference Archbishop Costelloe of Perth, Cains wrote:\n'I am a Canberra mother, grandmother and great grandmother and throughout my life have been active in Church affairs and in movements of Christian inspiration in the broader community. At present, I am the President of the ACT Right to Life Association.\nThe Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference has released, two official documents bearing on the current debate over the Voice referendum. The first was a direct call for support for the Voice by the ACBC, issued on May 11. The second was this year's Social Justice Statement, 'Listen, Learn, Love', released on August 27.\nI am afraid I must express my strong objections to both documents. I consider them to be abuses of episcopal power, and violations of the rights of ordinary Australian Catholics to have their bishops act in accordance with their proper sacred responsibilities and sacred priorities.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mother-of-five-to-contest-assembly-seat\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-to-the-editor-the-meaning-of-anzac-day\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-to-the-editor-the-influence-of-pagan-cults-in-government-schools\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-to-the-editor-funding-of-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-to-the-editor-radical-feminism-in-the-schools\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anti-aids-plan-for-assembly-tough-penalties-mooted\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sex-education-seen-as-aids-boost\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cains-criticises-bus-aids-ads\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bringing-the-family-into-political-focus\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/praying-mum-from-cairns-writes-play-for-centenary-of-fatima-apparitions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-the-votaress-said-to-the-bishop\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Horder, Maurene", "Entry ID": "AWE24081179", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horder-maurene\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant community advocate, Parliamentarian, Teacher", "Summary": "Maurene Horder was elected to the first Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly at its election in 1979. Representing the Australian Labor Party, she was one of the nine members from the electorate of Canberra. She was re-elected in 1982 but resigned in mid-1985 to take up an appointment as a ministerial advisor. Before entering the Assembly Horder was a primary school teacher and a public servant.\n", "Details": "Maureen Horder was the fifth of nine children born to Mary (ne\u00e9 Brown) and Mervyn Horder and was raised in Cabramatta, attending Bethlehem College in Ashfield. Her mother was an elected member and deputy mayor of the Fairfield Council in the 1970s and 1980s and her father was a postal worker. After completing her teacher-training at Salisbury Teachers' College Horder taught in Brighton-Le-Sands. She moved to Canberra in 1972 and worked as a public servant in Treasury and the Department of Education and completed a Bachelor of Applied Science (Applied Geography) degree at the Canberra College of Advanced Education. She changed her name from Maureen to Maurene by deed poll in the 1970s. In 1976 she married a demographer, Dr Graham Harrison (1949-2000) and their two children, Adrian and Virginia Harrison, were both born while she was a member of the Assembly. They lived in the suburbs of Garran, Swinger Hill and Holder.\nHorder was one of the eight ALP members elected to the part-time 18-member ACT House of Assembly at the election held on 2 June 1979. In the First Assembly (1979-1982) the ALP, with the support of the two Australian Democrat members and two independent members, gained a majority and was thus able to elect its President and to fill the plum positions representing the Assembly on ACT statutory and non-statutory bodies. Horder was appointed to the ACT Schools Authority and to the Canberra Week Committee, and was a member of the Assembly Standing Committees on Education and Finance.\nHorder made substantial contributions to the debate and criticisms of the Galbally Report, \u00a0Migrant services and programs: report of the Review of Post-arrival Programs and Services for Migrants, tabled in the Commonwealth Parliament in May 1978. She felt there had been very little consultation with the ACT community on the provision of education programs for newly-arrived migrants, particularly for children and women.\nOther matters Horder discussed in the Assembly in her first term included the staffing formulae for ACT government schools, the need for a commercial tenancy disputes tribunal, and the poor quality of broadcasting services and programs for children in the ACT. She opposed the introduction of tertiary fees and with a Liberal member of the Assembly, Liz Grant, she presented a report on rape law reform.\nAt the election on 5 June 1982 for the second Assembly the Liberal Party, together with the ultra-conservative Family Team, was able to form a majority, so Horder's position on the ACT Schools Authority ended, although she was appointed to a new Police Liaison Committee to promote community involvement with policing. In a surprise move on 7 March 1983 Horder was elected leader of the ALP caucus, defeating Ken Doyle. The Hawke Government had been elected days earlier and it was believed that the new leadership would be able to build a closer relationship with the new federal government and with the incoming minister with responsibilities for the ACT.\nDuring the second Assembly (1982-1986) Horder was a delegate to the National Economic Summit in April 1983, convened by the newly-elected Hawke Government. She was active in opposing the closure of Watson High School, supporting measures to reduce the road toll and the campaign to keep the Belconnen Mall in public hands. She was one of the Assembly's two delegates to the Constitutional Convention held in Adelaide in April 1983 and was a member of the Assembly's Standing Committees on Business, on Development and Planning, and on Health, Housing and Welfare. In August 1984 Horder led a delegation to the Northern Territory, as chair of the Assembly's Select Committee on the Transition of Power to a Territorial Government, for discussions with that Territory's administrators. When foreshadowing the tabling that committee's report in the Assembly Horder called for the federal government to release its White Paper on self-government as soon as possible. Further frustration with the difficulties, delays in providing a timetable and the lack of details from the federal government, coupled with the announcement by the Minister for Territories that the term of the Assembly would be extended by another year, contributed to Horder's resignation from the Assembly on 24 June 1985. The following day her appointment as ministerial adviser to the Honourable Christopher Hurford MP, Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, was announced, a position she held until the following year.\nWithin the ACT Branch of the ALP Horder was elected Vice-President at its annual conference in June 1980 and President in June 1981, retiring at the June 1982 conference. She stood unsuccessfully for ALP preselection for the federal seat of Fowler before the 1984 election and was also unsuccessful in gaining endorsement for the ALP for the by-election for the State seat of Liverpool in 1989.\nHorder left Canberra in 1985 and held the following positions:\n1990 - 1998\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Southeast Australian Manager, Plastics and Chemical Industries Association\n1999 - 2008\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CEO, National Marine Safety Committee\n2008 - 2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CEO, Migration Institute of Australia and a member of the Migration Registration Authority\n2014 - 2015\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Executive Officer (NSW), Planning Institute of Australia\nHorder has also served on the boards of Sunnyhaven Disability Services, the National Standards Development Organisation, and Clean-up Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maurene-horder-wikipedia-entry\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mitchell, Josephine", "Entry ID": "AWE2412148", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-josephine\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Human rights activist, Religious Sister, Teacher", "Summary": "Sister Josephine Mitchell has contributed to the education of children and the training of teachers both in Australia and in East Timor. From 1983 she promoted literacy in East Timor through the production and distribution of educational materials in Tetun, now the first-named principal language in its Constitution. She has long been an advocate for Australian government support for East Timor and East Timorese refugees and asylum seekers in Australia.\n", "Details": "Josephine Mitchell was born on 28 December 1930 at Belmore NSW, one of the seven children of First World War veteran, Sydney Charles Mitchell and Kate Mary n\u00e9e Fitzjohn. Educated by the Sisters of St Joseph at Belmore and Dulwich Hill, she completed her secondary education at St Scholastica's College, Glebe. \nJoining the Sisters of St Joseph in 1951, she trained as a teacher in North Sydney and obtained a Certificate of Primary Teaching from the Council of Public Education, Melbourne in 1959. She taught at various regional primary schools in New South Wales before graduating from the University of Queensland with a Bachelor of Arts degree and Certificate of Education in 1966. She was awarded a Diploma of Education at the University of New England in 1971 and a Bachelor of Letters in 1983. Her other qualifications include a Diploma in Theology from the Theology Faculty, Sydney in 1968, a Certificate in Counselling from the Institute of Counselling, Sydney in 1972 and she attended courses in theology, spirituality and training at the Jesuit Centre in Quelph, Canada, and Boston College, USA in 1983. She was a lecturer in teacher education at the Catholic College of Education (now the Australian Catholic University) from 1971 to 1985 and has long promoted social justice, particularly during the two years she served on the Justice Desk of the Australian Conference of Leaders of Religious Institutes from 1982. \nJosephine began working to promote literacy and health-care programs in East Timor from 1983 following the visit to Australia of the Apostolic Administrator of East Timor, Monsignor da Costa Lopes. In 1993, in response to a request by Bishop Belo of the Diocese of Dili, Josephine established the Mary MacKillop Institute of East Timorese Studies (MMIETS). Under her direction the Institute produced and distributed a literacy program consisting of illustrated reading books, teachers' manuals and guides, dictionaries and support materials in the principal language of the East Timorese people, Tetun. Following the destruction of most schools and the Institute's teaching materials in the violence in East Timor in 1999, the project resumed producing and distributing its publications. In 2006 the Institute contributed to the new Tetun curriculum launched by Prime Minister Jose Ramos-Horta on behalf of the Ministry of Education in East Timor in October 2006. Tetun is now the first-named official language of the new nation.\nSince 1997 Sister Josephine has made representations to the Australian Government, conducted media appearances and advocated in conjunction with a range of East Timorese support groups for justice in that country. She also worked to support East Timorese refugees and asylum seekers seeking protection in Australia from 1975 to 1999. Following the disbanding of the MMIETS in 2012, Josephine continued to support the education of disadvantaged women and girls in East Timor. Josephine was a finalist in the NSW Senior Citizen of the Year awards in 2012, and was awarded the Medal of the Order of Timor-Leste in 2014.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/josephine-mitchell-interviewed-by-ann-mari-jordens\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Short, Katherine Hilda Tapley", "Entry ID": "AWE25073012", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/short-katherine-hilda-tapley\/", "Type": "Person", "Birth Place": "Armley, Yorkshire, England", "Death Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community activist, Teacher", "Summary": "Known as 'Tapley', Katherine Hilda Tapley Short, was an engaging and often provocative pioneering community leader in the 1920s and 1930s. Employed by the Young Women's Christian Association she supported working women in practical ways including educational and social programs, advanced women's sport, advocated women's political representation and broadened the YWCA's membership restrictions. She influenced business and industrial houses to support athletics and team sports for thousands of working women and girls through the Victorian Interhouse Girls Sporting Association. Her networking and tireless determination increased the number of sporting venues at Albert Park for women's basketball, hockey and cricket. A skilled organiser, Tapley was appointed the pioneering General Secretary of YWCA Newcastle (1922-23) and YWCA Canberra (1929-36) and ensured their successful futures.\n", "Details": "Tapley's parents were the Reverend Thomas Tapley Short and Mary Lawry Sturges. She emigrated with her family to Melbourne in 1892 and worked as an unpaid curate for her father when he was the Anglican Vicar of St Margaret's Mildura and St Paul's Ballarat East. She also worked as a teacher, sports mistress and resident mistress in three independent girls' schools (Fairlight, Toorak College and Clyde).\nShe was first employed by the YWCA Melbourne as the Assistant General Secretary in 1921, travelling to different locations to establish programs to support young working women. In Kyabram and Maroopna, fruit-growing areas in Victoria which provided seasonal work for girls, she worked with cannery owners and the local community to provide safer accommodation and organise social, educational and sporting activities. After Tapley's speech to a meeting of 250 'business' girls in Newcastle, she was appointed their first General Secretary and she introduced programs such as a Saturday morning children's play group for young married women, bushwalking, nature study\u00a0 and suppport for the Workers Educational Association. On her return to Melbourne in 1923, she represented the YWCA at meetings with the Education Department and the National Council of Women Victoria's Education Committee, advocating increased opportunities for girls' education and training and to raise the school leaving age to 15 years.\nAt the first YWCA Australia national conference in 1926, Tapley, as an inaugural National Board member, gave an inspirational speech 'Woman's Place in Public Life' which began: 'No democracy may leave one sex to legislate for the other'. As the first President of the Victorian Interhouse Girls Sporting Association, she was also instrumental in ensuring that businesses such has Myer Emporium and Kodak sponsored teams in athletics (including skipping races, flag relays, sack races, ball games and flat races). There were also swimming, basketball, baseball and hockey competitions. Her negotiations with business and community leaders resulted in increased land being made available at Albert Park for girls' and women's sport.\nIn 1929 Tapley was appointed the first General Secretary for YWCA Canberra, a challenging role as many young women were employed in the public service and in businesses but the city had not yet developed social programs or transport infrastructure. Under Tapley's leadership, the membership was not restricted to the traditional Protestant base and she also encouraged girls' leadership. The club rooms became the main youth centre in Canberra for both young men and women with activities such as team games, psychology classes, arts and crafts, and hiking activities (which later developed into bushwalking and ski clubs). In 1931, YWCA Canberra's new building was funded by YWCA clubs fundraising across Australia, but as the Great Depression hit, Tapley had to rely on sourcing donations of second-hand equipment and furniture. Despite these difficulties, she organised the first national YWCA conference in Canberra in 1932 and other activities such as sports and evening lectures increased.\nReturning to Melbourne in 1936, Tapley held the position of Associate General Secretary until 1938, when at the invitation of the Anglican Bishop of Goulburn, she took on various social work projects to support girls. She retired in 1940 and lived with a married sister in Hawthorn until her death in 1947.\n\u00a0\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dauntless-bunch-the-story-of-the-ywca-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-work-in-progress-a-history-of-the-ywca-of-canberra-1929-2009\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-place-in-public-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/y-w-c-a-1882-1982-melbourne-pictorial-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/when-the-girls-wake-up-what-a-wonderful-world-this-will-be\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-tapley-short-farewell-by-canberra-friends\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-tapley-short-tributes-from-the-ywca\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-ywca-of-australia\/" } ]