[ { "Title\/Name": "International Women's Day", "Entry ID": "AWE0020", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Celebration", "Summary": "March 8 is International Women's Day (IWD), celebrated throughout the world. Australian governments first officially recognised the day in March 1974, when Prime Minister Gough Whitlam announced Australia's participation in the United Nations' International Women's Year for 1975. Since then International Women's Day has become a regular event in every State and Territory, with a program stretching over the full week.\nThe first IWD was held on 19 March 1911 in Germany, Austria, Denmark and other European countries. The date was reputedly chosen by German women because, on the same date in 1848, the King of Prussia had promised votes for women among other reforms. The promise was made in the face of an armed uprising, and remained unfulfilled (see www.isis.aust.com\/iwd\/stevens\/firstiwd.htm)\nThe first unofficial IWD in Australia took place in the Domain in Sydney on March 25 1928, organised by the Militant Women's Movement and calling for equal pay for equal work; an 8 hour day for shop girls; no piece work; the basic wage for the unemployed and annual holidays on full pay.\nAnother rally took place in 1929 in Sydney and Brisbane. The late Edna Ryan - feminist and unionist - took part, and during the Whitlam years she successfully campaigned on equal pay before the Industrial Relations Commission. The movement spread, especially among trade union women.\n(entry researched and written by Marie Coleman) \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-international-womens-day-in-words-and-images\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-ephemera-material-in-the-riley-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1948-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brisbane-international-womens-day-committee-ephemera\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-relating-to-womens-movement-organisations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-on-i-w-d-celebrations-cairns-branch-1964-apr-14-by-val-davis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/7592-international-womens-day-1979-collection-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-publications-on-the-womens-liberation-movement-assembled-by-the-leichhardt-womens-community-health-centre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-on-women-including-material-on-feminism-womens-liberation-international-womens-day-celebrations-equal-employment-opportunity-violence-against-women-and-exploitation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-on-women-including-material-on-feminism-international-womens-day-celebrations-equal-employment-opportunity-womens-health-domestic-violence-rape-and-exploitation-of-women-also-includ\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speech-by-the-prime-minister-the-hon-e-g-whitlam-q-c-m-p-at-an-international-womens-day-reception-melbourne-8-march-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-bell-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/message-to-the-international-womens-day-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/message-for-international-womens-day-lunch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oh-15-international-womens-day-oral-history-8-mar-1993\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Women's Conference", "Entry ID": "AWE0074", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-womens-conference\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Conference", "Summary": "The first National Women's Conference was held in Canberra in 1990. It was organised by Marie Coleman and other members of the National Foundation for Australian Women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Clare Burton Memorial Lectures", "Entry ID": "AWE0141", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-clare-burton-memorial-lectures\/", "Type": "Event", "Occupations": "Commemoration", "Summary": "The Clare Burton Memorial Lectures are an annual event and honour the significant contribution made by the late Clare Burton, who died in 1998, to gender equity and organisational change in higher education and other areas. Since 1999 the Australian Technology Network of Universities have combined with the Equal opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency and with state women's advisers to host the lectures in each capital city.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Women's Round Table", "Entry ID": "AWE0190", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-womens-round-table\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The National Women's Round Table is an annual meeting convened by the Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women. The Round Table was first held in 1994. It replaced the National Women's Consultative Council as the primary direct mechanism for women's input into government. For the first three years, the Round Table was held twice each year for one day, with just over 50 organisations represented. Meetings were held in Parliament House during sitting weeks to facilitate participants' access to Parliamentarians.\nIn 1997, the Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women, Jocelyn Newman, changed the arrangements to two day meetings, once each year.\nSources: http:\/\/www.capow.org.au\/AWOC\/story.htm and http:\/\/www.nwjc.org.au\/pamelaslist.htm\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Constitutional Convention", "Entry ID": "AWE0200", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-constitutional-convention\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The Women's Constitutional Convention met at Parliament House, Canberra, 29-30 January 1998. Discussions included whether or not Australia should become a republic, women's place in politics and the status of women in Australia.\nSource: RAAM\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-another-mens-convention\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-constitutional-convention-1997-1998-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "University of Melbourne Women Graduates Centenary Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0285", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-women-graduates-centenary-committee\/", "Type": "Event", "Occupations": "Celebration", "Summary": "To celebrate the centenary of the graduation of the first woman graduate (Bella Guerin, 1883), the University Council appointed a Committee, chaired by Dame Margaret Blackwood, with the responsibility of arranging various appropriate events in 1983. \n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-women-graduates-centenary-committee-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blackwood-margaret-dame-1909-1986\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Exhibition of Women's Work 1907", "Entry ID": "AWE0384", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-exhibition-of-womens-work-1907-5\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Exhibition Buildings, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Exhibition", "Summary": "Held at the Exhibition Buildings Melbourne from 23 October 1907 for five weeks.\nVisitors of the exhibition were able to view a display of arts and crafts including: paintings, drawings, sculpture, photography, pottery, needlework, leatherwork, woodwork, spinning and weaving. Exhibitors from Australia, Britain, Europe, North and South America, India and Africa contributed to the exhibition, which was the inspiration of Lady Northcote, wife of the governor-general.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-the-first-exhibition-of-womens-work-1907\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jobs for Women Campaigns", "Entry ID": "AWE0639", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jobs-for-women-campaigns\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The first Jobs for Women Campaign in Wollongong, New South Wales commenced during the early 1970s. At the time mining companies of the area traditionally employed men. The women of Wollongong campaigned for the right to be employed in the steelworker positions at Australian Iron and Steel, a subsidiary of BHP. During the campaign women chained themselves to the fences of the steelworks, distributed leaflets and dressed as men to complete a shift. The campaign set a precedent for the employment of women in all non-traditional areas of work, when BHP commenced employing women in the industry.\nThe economic circumstances of the 1980s made the women launch the Jobs for Women Action Campaign. Once again they circulated leaflets - in six languages, established a \"Tent Embassy,\" appealed to the NSW Counsellor for Equal Opportunity and won a court case under the NSW Anti-Discrimination Act.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sally-bowen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-women-of-wollongong\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Waitresses' strike - Refreshment Services Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0646", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waitresses-strike-refreshment-services-branch\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Industrial action", "Summary": "On Friday, 11 September 1925 in response to the statement made about them by retired naval officer Captain Oswald Carter, the waitresses of the Refreshment Services Branch of the Victorian Railways went on strike. Carter held a senior post in the railways and reported to the chief of the Refreshment Services Branch that he found [the staff] 'lazy, dirty and unmanageable'. He further added: 'I propose to get in touch with the Immigration Authorities with a view to ascertaining the possibilities of getting suitable servants. I do not think that girls from Melbourne are likely to give satisfaction.'\nThe waitresses demanded an apology and went on strike until they received one. The male leaders of the Australian Railways Union - Victorian Branch commenced negotiations on behalf of their members and after two days a satisfactory settlement with management was arranged when an apology was obtained.\n", "Events": "The Refreshment Services Branch waitresses of the Victorian Railways went on strike. (1925 - 1925)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-service-a-history-of-victorian-railways-workers-and-their-union\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australia Day Women's Ceremony", "Entry ID": "AWE0664", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-day-womens-ceremony-6\/", "Type": "Event", "Occupations": "Commemoration", "Summary": "Since 1961 the National Council of Women of Victoria Inc (NCWV) and the Australia Day Council (Victoria) have come together to conduct a ceremony to honour the Pioneer Women of Australia and in particular, Victoria.\nThe Ceremony has been held in the Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden in King's Domain each January. Guides Victoria have generously provided a Colour Party for the raising and lowering of the Australian Flag. The Australia Day Council has undertaken to see to the music, microphone and flowers for the Guest Speaker. NCWV has undertaken to arrange for chairs to be placed in the garden, the sheaf of flowers for the Memorial Plaque as well as in discussion with the Australia Day Council (Victoria) to invite a Guest Speaker. The City of Melbourne through its Parks and Garden Department has assisted in many ways over the years as without their invaluable assistance it would not be possible to hold the Ceremony in these Pioneer Women's Gardens. The Minute's Silence was introduced to honour all pioneer women at the request of the Australian Church Women.\n", "Events": "Colonel Janice McCarthy ARRC speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2006 - 2006) \nCr Leckie Ord - Lord Mayor City of Melbourne speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1988 - 1988) \nDame Beryl Beaurepaire DBE speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1983 - 1983) \nDame Mabel Brooks DBE speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1966 - 1966) \nDame Phyllis Frost AC DBE DSocSc (Hon) speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1991 - 1991) \nDr (later Dame) Margaret Blackwood DBE speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1961 - 1961) \nDr Elizabeth Turner speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1972 - 1972) \nDr Janet McCalman speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1992 - 1992) \nDr Marion Adams speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1984 - 1984) \nDr Shirley Sampson BA Bed PhD JP speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2002 - 2002) \nDr. Andi Diamond speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2009 - 2009) \nE Utassy speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1971 - 1971) \nGracia Baylor AM speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2001 - 2001) \nIvan Deveson - Lord Mayor City of Melbourne speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1998 - 1998) \nMatron V Bullwinkel speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1973 - 1973) \nMelba Marginson, Hong Vo, Medina Idriess speakers at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2000 - 2000) \nMiss Edith Dawson speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1985 - 1985) \nMiss Pat Waller speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1979 - 1979) \nMiss Patricia Kennedy speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1978 - 1978) \nMiss Wilma Hannah speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1987 - 1987) \nMrs A W (Betty) Burton (Past NCWV International Secretary) speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1974 - 1974) \nMrs Breen - later Dame Marie and Senator for Victoria speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1969 - 1969) \nMrs Douglas Keep speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1976 - 1976) \nMrs E W (Marjorie) Tipping speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1964 - 1964) \nMrs E W Tipping speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1965 - 1965) \nMrs Edith Hall speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1981 - 1981) \nMrs Elizabeth Proust speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1994 - 1994) \nMrs G N Frost - now Dame Phyllis Frost AC DBE DSocSc (Hon) speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1967 - 1967) \nMrs G N Frost - now Dame Phyllis Frost AC DBE DSocSc(Hon) speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1962 - 1962) \nMrs J G Norris - Later Dame Ada speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1975 - 1975) \nMrs Jean Cheshire GCSJ OAM speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1993 - 1993) \nMrs Mary Hoban speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1977 - 1977) \nMrs Maurine Goldston - Morris OAM LDIC FRGS speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1989 - 1989) \nMrs R R Gordon speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1963 - 1963) \nMrs R R Gordon speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1968 - 1968) \nMrs Shirley Horne AM speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1995 - 1995) \nMrs Sylvia Gelman MBE speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1999 - 1999) \nMrs. Cam Nguyen speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2010 - 2010) \nMs Deborah Towns speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1986 - 1986) \nMs Georgia Richter speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1990 - 1990) \nPatsy Adam Smith AM speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1980 - 1980) \nPauline Parker speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2008 - 2008) \nProf. Brian Lloyd speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1996 - 1996) \nProfessor Judith Smart and Professor Marian Quartly joint speakers at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2007 - 2007) \nRabbi Aviva Kipen speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2004 - 2004) \nSharon Firebrace speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1997 - 1997) \nSusan Halliday speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (2005 - 2005) \nThe Hon. Mrs Justice Lusink speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1982 - 1982) \nThe Lady Casey (Associate NCWV) speaker at the Australia Day Women's Ceremony (1970 - 1970)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forty-years-on-women-still-pioneering-a-collection-of-speeches-from-the-australia-day-womens-ceremony-pioneer-womens-garden-kings-domain-melbourne\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Australian Women's Conference for Victory in War and Victory in Peace", "Entry ID": "AWE1022", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-conference-for-victory-in-war-and-victory-in-peace\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Conference, Feminist conference", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Conference for Victory in War and Victory in Peace was held in November 1943, organised around the theme 'A War to Win, a World to Gain'. In a feat of organisational excellence, given the restrictions placed on interstate travel during war time, ninety-one women's organisations from around Australia met in Sydney, Australia, to discuss post war reconstruction and the 'problems that will effect women and children in the post war period.' The Australian Women's Charter, which documents the resolutions brought forward during the conference and is considered a landmark feminist manifesto, was an important outcome of the conference.\n", "Details": "Described as 'the largest and most representative feminist conference held until that time', the 1943 Australian Women's Conference for Victory in War and Victory in Peace brought together representatives of over ninety women's organisations across a range of political ideologies to consider the problems of post war reconstruction, and the role of women within the 'new order' when peace returned. Organised by the President of the United Associations of Women, Jessie Street, the conference, held in Sydney, New South Wales in November 1943, has been referred to as 'the high point of feminist solidarity and political mobilisation in the twentieth century'. Organised at a time when planning for peace was a politically bi-partisan priority, the conference addressed the complexity of women's lives and interests but focused on one over-riding question: how would these be advanced in the planning of post war reconstruction? An important outcome of the conference was the development of a charter of rights for women in the post-war world. The Australian Women's Charter, regarded as a land-mark feminist manifesto, was endorsed by the conference and represents a moment in time when Australian women prioritised the single category of gender over other political categories.\nThe conference did not emerge from a vacuum. As early as 1941, the United Associations of Women (U.A.) had begun discussing the needs and roles of women in post war reconstruction. A Women's Forum for Social and Economic Reconstruction was established; this forum held several important discussions. In 1942 the U.A. called a conference to consider 'problems concerning women under war conditions'. Given the wide ranging subject matter which included: the status of Australian girls marrying American troops; the need for canteens in factories and schools; the provision of cr\u00e8ches and kindergartens etc. for the children of working women; the investigation of conditions surrounding rationing and the brownout, the conference attracted a lot of attention and left a lot of matters unresolved.\nThe women of the U.A decided that a national conference was required. A separate committee, comprised of women from the U.A., as well as non-members with connections to a wide range of women's groups, set about organising the conference. Preparation for the conference included consulting with as many women's organisations as possible prior to the conference, in order to amass the resolutions which, when adopted, became the Australian Women's Charter.\nAfter the conference, 20,000 copies of the Charter booklet were distributed to individuals and organisations in Australia and overseas. The Australian Women's Charter Movement was established to provide concrete follow-up activity based on the resolutions outlined in the Charter. State conferences were organised, charter deputations lobbied members of the federal parliament on specific points and a follow up conference was organised in 1946. Representations of fewer organisations attended this conference, held in Sydney, New South Wales, in August 1946, however, there were a number of overseas delegates in attendance. Nevertheless, while it is true that the 1943 conference reflected the politics of unity that accompanied some forms of war-time political activism, the 1946 conference reflected the changes in the global political climate that developed in the post war period. Representatives of some of the more conservative women's organisations had difficulty finding common ground with women like Jessie Street, president of the U.A., given their leftist connections. Maintaining a united feminist front became increasingly difficult as the world plunged into a new, cold war.\nIn order to demonstrate the extent of unity amidst diversity that was present at the conference, the following list names all the organisations that were represented at the conference:\nNew South Wales:\n\nAustral India League\nAustralian Institute of Sociology\nAustralian Railways' Union - Women's Auxiliary\nAustralian Labor Party (Official)\nAustralian Labor Party (State)\nAustralian Labor Party (Concord West Branch)\nAustralian Federation of Women Voters (N.S.W. Committee)\nAustralian Association of Scientific Workers (N.S.W. Division)\nAustralian Women's Party\nAmalgamated Hospital Employees' Association\nAmalgamated Engineering Union\nBoard of Social Studies\nBalmain Council - Alderman Gallimore\nBankstown Women's Committee\nCommunist Party\nCare of the Child in Wartime Committee\nCommonwealth Temporary Clerks Association\nCouncil for Women in War Work\nChristian Social Order Movement\nDomestic Employees' Union\nFellowship of Australian Writers\nFriendship with Russia League\nFederation of Infants' School Clubs\nFriday Club\nGirls Friendly Society\nGlebe Council - Alderman Pitt\nGreenwich Women's Committee\nGuildford Comforts Fund\nGranville Mothers' Club\nHairdressers' Union\nHotel, Club and Restaurant Employees' Union\nHumane Movement\nIronworkers' Union\nMunicipal and Shire Council Employees' Union\nNational Council of Jewish Women\nNew Education Fellowship\nOur New Order\nPresbyterian Women's Federation\nPrinting Industries Union\nRoseville Group, United Associations of Women\nRecreation and Leadership Movement\nSeamen's Union, Women's Auxiliary\nSheet Metal Workers' Union\nSydney Women's Cooperative Guild\nTeachers' Federation\nTextile Workers Union\nTravellers' Aid Society\nUnited Associations of Women\nWomen's Christian Temperance Union\nWatson Labor Women's Auxiliary\nWidows of the A.I.F. Association\nWomen for Canberra\nY.M.C.A.\n\nCountry\n\nNewcastle Housewives Association\nNewcastle Social Hygiene Committee\nWomen' Auxiliary, Coal and Shale Employees Federation, Newcastle\nCrippled Children Society, Newcastle\nNewcastle Trades Hall Council\nKatoomba P. & C. and Mothers' Clubs\nKatoomba Crippled Children's Society \nKatoomba R.S.S.I.L.A., Women's Auxiliary\nKatoomba Congregational Church, Women's Guild\nLithgow Child Care Committee\nDemocratic Housewives Association, Wollongong\nGoulburn A.R.U. Women's Auxiliary\nWest Maitland Branch, United Associations of Women\n\nQueensland\n\nNational Council of Women\nY.W.C.A.\nWomen's Auxiliary, Townsville Trades and Labor Council\nWomen's Auxiliary, Maryborough Trades and Labor Council \nFederated Clerk' Union\nStoremen and Packers' Union\nTown and Country Women's Association\n\nVictoria\n\nWomen's Christian Temperance Union\nCouncil for Women in War Work \nCommunist Party\nMunitions Workers Union\n\nTasmania\n\nHousewives Association \nR.S.S.I.L.A. Guild of Remembrance\nNational Council of Women\nCouncil for the Mother and Child\nWomen's International League\n\nSouth Australia\n\nAdelaide Jewish Women's Guild\nJewish Red Cross Society\nWomen's Christian Temperance Union\nLeague for the Protection of Aboriginal Women\nCommunist Party\n\nWest Australia\n\nHotel, Club and Caterers' Union\nCouncil of Churches\nHousewives Association\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/drb-mitchell-to-director-commonwealth-investigation-branch-7-june-1941\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-street-left-with-delegates-to-the-second-australian-womans-charter-conference-in-sydney-in-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-street-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-street-documents-and-essays\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girdled-for-war-womens-mobilisations-in-world-wat-two\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1960-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-association-of-women-records-ca-1930-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-street-circa-1914-1968-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Migrant Women Workers Project", "Entry ID": "AWE2125", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/migrant-women-workers-project\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Migrant Women Workers Project was, arguably, the first occasion when feminist concerns combined with ethnic rights multiculturalism to highlight the precarious position of women of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and the inadequacy of settlement services to assist them. The report produced by the project, 'But I wouldn't want my wife to work here\u2026': a study of migrant women in Melbourne Industry, drew attention to the plight of migrant factory workers in a sustained fashion that had hitherto been unseen. It also served as a vehicle for further involvement from the union movement in the struggle for equity for migrant women workers.\n", "Details": "In 1974, the Fitzroy Ecumenical Centre supported preliminary research into the plight of migrant women worker in the clothing trade. The report of this project, A Preliminary Survey of Migrant Women in the Clothing Trade, came to the attention of Elizabeth Reid, who had been recently appointed to the position of adviser to the Prime Minister on women's issues. Reid was also involved with the National Advisory Committee that was assessing the ways the government could observe International Women's Year in 1975. She was greatly impressed by the research and pushed Des Storer, who produced the report, to come up with a proposal to develop it. Her support eventually led to the National Advisory Committee and the Secretariat for International Women's Year allocating funds to the Fitzroy Ecumenical Centre (soon to be renamed the Centre for Urban Research and Action) to conduct more extensive research.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/but-i-wouldnt-want-my-wife-to-work-herea-study-of-migrant-women-in-melbourne-industry-research-report-for-international-womens-year\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-preliminary-survey-of-migrant-women-in-the-clothing-trade\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/migrant-women-workers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-origins-of-multiculturalism-in-australian-politics-1945-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Review of Post Arrival Programs and Services to Migrants", "Entry ID": "AWE2126", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/review-of-post-arrival-programs-and-services-to-migrants\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "government review", "Summary": "The review of Post Arrival Programs and Services to Migrants was established by Cabinet decision and announced by the Prime Minister, the Rt. Hon. Malcolm Fraser, on August 31, 1977. Established in order to ensure that the changing needs of migrants were being met by available resources, the review was conducted under prime ministerial authority in order to circumvent some allegedly obstructionist senior bureaucrats in the Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs. The first meeting of the Review Group, which was chaired by Mr Frank Galbally, C.B.E, was held on 1 September 1977. The committee of review consulted widely, seeking submissions from individuals and organisations, government and non-government. Advice from migrant community groups was actively sought.\nThe report brought down by the review group, Migrant Services and Programs, was submitted to\nthe Prime Minister on 27 April 1978 and tabled by him on 30 May 1978. It was made available in Arabic, Dutch, English, German, Greek, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, Turkish and Vietnamese. In it, the Review Group came down with a total number of fifty-seven recommended improvements to\nprograms and services involving expenditure of about $50 million in such areas as initial settlement and education, especially the teaching of English, with emphasis placed on the role of ethnic communities themselves, and other levels of government, to encourage multiculturalism.\nOf particular significance to migrant women was recommendation number 43, which stated 'the implementation of the general recommendations of the Report, which have been framed in recognition of the special problems of migrant women, should take particular account of their needs'.\nConducted at a time, according to the committee, when Australia was 'at a critical stage in the development of a cohesive, united, multicultural nation', the Galbally review of Post Arrival Programs and Services to Migrants marks an important development in the evolution of Australian official policy towards settlers from one of assimilation to multiculturalism. Its pointed reference to the needs of women also marked a moment when ethnic and gender politics connected.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-disadvantage-migrant-and-aboriginal-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-origins-of-multiculturalism-in-australian-politics-1945-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frank-galbally-chairman-of-the-review-of-post-arrival-programs-and-services-for-migrants-discussing-migrants-settlement-into-australias-way-of-life-including-rights\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/migrant-services-and-programs-usually-known-as-the-galbally-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1981-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1973-1986-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Immigrant and Refugee Women's Speakout", "Entry ID": "AWE2136", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/immigrant-and-refugee-womens-speakout\/", "Type": "Event", "Summary": "In 1982, Jenny Ow, of the Australian Council of Churches, organised the first Immigrant Women's Speakout. Opened by Franca Arena a New South Wales parliamentarian, the speakout attracted 200 women from around the country, with the aim of encouraging them to speak out loud about the problems that migrant women confronted. Similar occasions followed in other capital cities around the country.\nTwo very important organisations grew out of this occasion. One was the New South Wales Immigrant Women's Speakout Association, the other was the New South Wales Immigrant Women's Resource Centre, which was established in 1985.\n", "Details": "The importance of the speakouts was that they offered women from a variety of ethnic and class backgrounds the opportunity to share stories and solidarity. They allowed women the opportunity of breaking the stoic silence and to challenge stereotypes. A good example of this comes from a Japanese woman who 'spoke out' in South Australia in 1983:\n'I'm from Japan and I hope to express what my sisters feel. A lot of Asian women are quiet, we look submissive, small and very weak. But we are not so! Quietness doesn't mean weakness.\nI would like you all to help erase this stereotypical or mythical image of Asian women. I hope I share this with women of other nationalities too. I'm Japanese, so they all think I'm a Geisha! I'm not a Geisha. I smoke and I drink and I ride a motor bike.\nSo please help and let's work together at erasing this traditional or I should say stupid image of women.'\nAnd another paints a very gloomy picture:\n\"Today a few of us women who had the courage and freedom to present ourselves came here today.\nThere are many women at home that didn't have the courage to come here and are slaves under the harsh working conditions and the bonds of their husbands.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-and-proceedings-of-the-speakout-for-immigrant-and-refugee-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-disadvantage-migrant-and-aboriginal-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Revolution and Reform - 1975 and Beyond", "Entry ID": "AWE2186", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/revolution-and-reform-1975-and-beyond\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "On August 6 2005 hundreds of women (and a few men) from all around Australia gathered in Canberra to celebrate the 30th anniversary of International Women's Year (IWY) and the 60th Anniversary of the Declaration on Women in the United Nations Charter.\nOrganised by the National Foundation for Australian Women (NFAW), UNIFEM Australia, the Jessie Street Trust, and the Jessie Street National Women's Library, and supported by a host of sponsors the event celebrated 30 years of achievements by women and for women, in Australia and worldwide. Participants got a centre stage view of IWY events, including the Mexico Conference, and some keyhole glimpses of how that year and what flowed from it has changed the lives of women around the world.\nHighlights of the day included 'snapshot' talks with Sara Dowse and other speakers, recreating the events of IWY and reflecting on the present and future. Australian journalist Maxine McKew compered the formal reception and Elizabeth Reid, who led the Australian delegation to the 1975 Mexico Conference, reprised the speech she gave to that historic conference.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Empire Games", "Entry ID": "AWE2251", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-empire-games\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sports Event", "Summary": "The Sydney Empire Games were planned to form part of the celebrations for the sesquicentenary of the foundation of the City of Sydney, which also marked 150 years of white settlement in Australia. The celebrations went for three months between January 26 (Australia Day) and April 25 (ANZAC Day). The Games were held during the week of 5-12 February.\n98 Australian men (68) and women (30) competed with athletes from fifteen Empire countries in seven sports (athletics, boxing, cycling, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming (including diving) and wrestling. Women could only compete in two of those categories (athletics and swimming). Of the 16 medals won by Australians in the pool, women won 9. Of the 29 won on the track, they won 10, 5 of them gold medals to Decima Norman. She was the unrivalled star of the games.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Broken Hill Strikes", "Entry ID": "AWE4102", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-hill-strikes\/", "Type": "Event", "Summary": "Between 1889 and 1920 miners at Broken Hill took part in four major strikes, always with the strong support of Broken Hill women. In 2001, a memorial was erected in the centre of the city to acknowledge the role of women in the development of the city and particularly in the resolution of industrial disputes.\n", "Details": "The women of Broken Hill played a pivotal role in the strikes that shaped the unique industrial history of Broken Hill, offering physical and moral support to their mining fathers, husbands, brothers and sons. The first major industrial dispute erupted in November 1889 when trade union members refused to work with non-unionists. It lasted a week. Women were active in street demonstrations and assisted in picketing the mining leases. They formed a Women's Brigade open to \"all matrons and maids who are in sympathy with the union\" in order to \"do something towards supporting the men now on strike\". At the Brigade's first meeting on the 12th November, the women decided on a swift and unanticipated course of action, descending upon the strike-breakers that very evening. Reports tell of a 400-strong party of women who, armed with washing sticks, brooms and mops, attacked non-unionists and left tents raided and torn in their wake.\nWomen played a similarly influential role in the major strike of 1892, sparked by a decision on the part of several mining companies to introduce a contract system for ore excavation. Women were numerous among the estimated ten thousand protestors who congregated at the Broken Hill Proprietary mine office on August 25. Once again they participated in street marches and joined union picket lines, preventing strike-breakers from entering the mines.\nDuring prolonged industrial struggles women bore the brunt of increasingly difficult household duties, exacerbated by food shortages and the lack of income. During the five-month 1909 Lockout, the first industrial dispute to take place in Broken Hill for sixteen years, women formed a Relief Committee to help those struggling to feed and clothe their families. The 'Big Strike' that lasted 18 months from 1919 to 1920 was an extremely trying period. Co-operative depots were established by the unions, supplying housewives with basic food such as bread, margarine, potatoes and onions. Many mothers saw their children suffer from malnutrition. Miscarriages due to poor diet and anxiety were common. The Big Strike was the last major strike that the women of Broken Hill had to endure. It was finally called off on 10 November 1920 after both the unions and mine managers agreed to the recommendations made by the President of the New South Wales Industrial Court, Justice Edmunds.\nThis entry was prepared and written by Georgia Moodie.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-hill-a-pictorial-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/to-broken-hill-and-back\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rebel-women-women-and-class-in-broken-hill-1889-1917\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Women's Art Exhibition", "Entry ID": "AWE6230", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-womens-art-exhibition\/", "Type": "Event", "Summary": "The National Women's Art Exhibition was held in 1995. 146 galleries, museums and libraries around Australia participated in the event, holding simultaneous exhibitions of work by female artists. The exhibitions were held to commemorate the 20th anniversary of International Women's Year.\nThe National Women's Art Exhibition was the 'brain-child' of Professor Joan Kerr, who also used the event to launch her book Heritage: the national women's art book in Canberra.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-the-national-womens-art-exhibition-1995-1992-1995-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Composing Women's Festival", "Entry ID": "AWE6342", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/composing-womens-festival\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The inaugural Composing Women's Festival was held in Adelaide in September 1991. The Festival was founded by composer Becky Llewellyn and it brought Australian female composers together for the first time.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-composing-womens-festival-1991-1991-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Labor Women's Conference", "Entry ID": "AWE6356", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-labor-womens-conference\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Conference", "Summary": "The National Labor Women's Conference brings together Labor women from around the country to discuss issues facing women and to consider Labor's policy position on these issues.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-labor-womens-conference-1984-1983-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-edna-ryan-1948-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Bicentenary 1988", "Entry ID": "IMP0085", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-bicentenary-1988-6\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "Australian State and Federal governments named the festivities around the Bicentenary of the invasion of Australia on 26 January 1788 by the British the 'Celebration of a nation'. Various communities took a dissenting view, notably many Indigenous groups who united on 26 January 1988 to stage the largest Indigenous protest in the history of colonised Australia. This took the form of a peaceful march of 100 000 Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Sydney. It was part of a history of Indigenous observation of this day inaugurated by the 1938 Day of Mourning. As the Indigenous poet and campaigner Oodgeroo Noonuccal asked at the time of the Bicentennial, 'from the Aboriginal point of view, what is there to celebrate?'. In 1987, Oodgeroo returned her MBE in protest against the upcoming 1988 Bicentennial celebrations.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-macquarie-encyclopedia-of-australian-events\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/art-and-the-olympics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-sydney-morning-herald-and-representation-of-the-1988-bicentennial\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aborigines-cast-a-shadow-over-australias-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/black-protests-will-be-peaceful-foley\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poet-swaps-name-in-protest\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/why-i-am-now-oodgeroo-noonuccal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-year-of-mourning\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-day-of-mourning\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/january\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australias-too-old-to-celebrate-birthdays-galarrwuy-yunupingu-1988\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heritage-200-entries-1988-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Commonwealth Games (12th: 1982: Brisbane)", "Entry ID": "IMP0087", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commonwealth-games-12th-1982-brisbane\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "Held in Brisbane in October 1982, the 12th Commonwealth Games attracted demonstrations from Aboriginal people and supporters, part of the campaign for land rights.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/neville-bonner-takes-on-the-role-of-elder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-showpiece-for-what-the-commonwealth-games\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/great-moments-in-indigenous-history-commonwealth-games-demos-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/people-of-australia-key-events-in-population-society-the-environment\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Referendum 1967", "Entry ID": "IMP0091", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/referendum-1967\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "In February 1967, Prime Minister Harold Holt agreed to hold a national referendum in May 1967 as the result of a sustained campaign by the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI) which was agitating for amendments to the constitution. There were two changes proposed, both of which were accepted by a vast majority of voters: (1) to remove a discriminatory clause in Section 51 (xxvi) which had prevented the Federal Government from legislating for Aboriginal people. This clause had meant States could enact their own laws relating to Aboriginal people; in this way Aboriginal people had been discriminated against and excluded from social services under State law; (2) Section 127, which excluded Aboriginal people from being counted in national censuses, was deleted.\nDespite legislation enacted on 10 August 1967 as a result of the referendum, the effects of the constitutional changes were not immediate; some States were reluctant to repeal discriminatory laws, and did not do so for many years. The federal government was slow to act on its new powers. The 'yes' vote had also been concentrated in certain areas leaving a substantial 'no' vote in other areas.\nThe 1967 referendum has nevertheless been mythologised in Australia's history as a high-water-mark of popular support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights, and reflects the sustained efforts of generations of Indigenous advocates.\nSources: Horton (ed), 1994, Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia.\nMcGinness, 1991, 'What FCAATSI fought for'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-1967-referendum-and-all-that-narrative-and-myth-aborigines-and-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/representation-matters-the-1967-referendum-and-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-charles-perkins\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-fair-go-videorecording-winning-the-1967-referendum\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aborigines-and-the-1967-referendum-thirty-years-on\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-1967-referendum-or-when-aborigines-didnt-get-the-vote\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1967-videorecording-citizens-at-last\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yes-aborigines-do-count-1967-1992-a-publication-to-mark-the-25th-anniversary-ofthe-1967-referendum\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/2001-eldershaw-memorial-lecture-founding-fathers-dutiful-wives-and-rebellious-daughters-lecture-presented-to-a-tasmanian-historical-research-association-meeting-on-10-apr-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-commonwealth-referendum-of-1967-and-australian-indigenous-citizenship-an-interpretation-of-historical-events\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/revitalising-citizenship-lessons-from-the-margins-paper-presented-to-citizenship-indigenous-australians-changing-conceptions-and-possibilities-1996-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-1967-referendum\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-charles-perkins-1956-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-street-circa-1914-1968-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jean Arnot Luncheon", "Entry ID": "IMP0129", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-arnot-luncheon\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The inaugural Jean Arnot Luncheon was held at Parliament House, Sydney, on 8 April 1994, and originated from Jean Fleming Arnot's 90th birthday celebrations a year earlier at the same venue.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-arnot-memorial-luncheon-book-of-honour-1994-1997-being-a-selected-compilation\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "First International Women in Agriculture Conference", "Entry ID": "PR00488", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-international-women-in-agriculture-conference\/", "Type": "Event", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Conference", "Summary": "The First International Women in Agriculture Conference was held from 1 to 3 July 1994, at the University of Melbourne in Victoria.\u00a0It attracted over 850 participants from 33 countries, and was the largest agricultural conference held in Australia. It was a pivotal moment in the women in agriculture movement and in the process of securing a voice in decision making for rural women, nationally and internationally.\u00a0 The conference was organised by women who were active in the movement, from farmers to their supporters and advisors in government departments and non-government rural organisations.\u00a0Its aims reflected the concerns of women in agriculture:\u00a0to raise the profile of rural women, to increase awareness of the economic, social legal and cultural factors affecting their status, and to provide learning opportunities to develop new skills and access to information and networks.\u00a0Its focus reflected women's concern with the social, environmental and cultural dimensions of agriculture, as well as the economic and production aspects, and their desire to develop and capture opportunities in world markets\n", "Details": "Chronology\n1980s Women in agriculture groups arose and grew through meetings, workshops, skills courses, newsletters and government support through Victorian and Federal Labor government's affirmative action policies.\n1986 As the result of activism by Victorian rural women, the Rural Women's Network was set up under the auspices of the Office of Rural Affairs in the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.\n1991 Activist Mary Salce attended the National Farm Women's Conference in Canada, and realised that the recognition of rural women was an international issue.\u00a0Fellow dairy farmer Lyn Johnson had also been exposed to the activism of American farming women.\n1992 Liz Hogan, a Project Officer in the Rural Women's Network, facilitated a state-wide meeting of a group of like minded women - activists, leaders and academics - in Ballarat. Out of this meeting came the nucleus of an initially state-wide Women in Agriculture group, which was eventually constituted as the national Australian Women in Agriculture (AWiA) in 1993.\u00a0In the meantime, at the instigation of Gippsland dairy farmer Mary Salce, and with the assistance of women within the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the statewide group began planning for the conference.\u00a0\nA steering committee of nine women was set up, and incorporated in order to seek funding for the event. They were: Mary Salce, convenor, and Anna Lottkowitz, Ruth Liepins, Anne-Marie Tenni, Maureen Walsh, Audrey Dreschler, Jennifer North, Rosemary Grant, Lyn Johnson and Dorothy Dunn. An advisory committee consisted of women in fourteen government and on-government bodies, including the Australian Wheat Board, the Rural Women's Reference Group, the Country Women's Association and the Sydney Myer fund.\u00a0The core organisation involved forty-seven women overall. \u00a0\n1994\u00a0\u00a0The conference took place at the University of Melbourne on 1-3 July.\u00a0The sessions of the conference generated a series of recommendations and outcomes.\u00a0They were tabulated in a report, which formed the basis of a presentation to the Office of the Status of Women and Australian governments, and were included in the Australian government's own recommendations to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. The report reflected recommendations in six key areas:\u00a0education, visibility and recognition, networking, environment and sustainability and social justice. The over all concern was for inclusion, recognition and equality of participation in the industry.\u00a0Post conference evaluation was conducted.\nAs a result of the conference, the Australian Law Reform Commission investigated the legal status of women on farms and a global network for women in agriculture was initiated.\u00a0The recommendations of the conference were reflected in the actions taken in the following years, including the formation of the Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women (1994), to act as a funding body to increase women's access to education and training; the establishment of Women's Units, after the Victorian model, in some state departments of agriculture; and the holding of the Rural Women's Forum (1995).\u00a0In addition, a range of projects were undertaken to provide education in leadership, skills and management, such as (in Gippsland) the Uniting Our Rural Communities Cultural and Community Leadership Project.\nSubsequent Conferences\nFirst conference convenor Mary Salce was a prime mover in the organisation of the Second International Women in Agriculture Conference, in Washington, from 28 June-2 July 1998.\u00a0With Valerie McDougall she organised 'The Salute from Australia Handover Event', which showcased Australian produce.\u00a0One hundred and twenty women attended the conference from Australia. The third and fourth conferences - now World Congresses of Rural Women - took place in Madrid in 2002, and Durban in 2007.\u00a0In Madrid, Mary Salce was honoured for her role in the inception of the conferences. The fifth Congress will be held in India.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-salute-from-australia-at-the-2nd-international-conference-on-women-in-agriculture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-agriculture-a-geography-of-australian-agricultural-activism-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/agents-for-change-farming-for-our-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-agriculture-farming-for-our-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-through-the-grass-ceiling-women-power-leadership-in-rural-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/project-report-international-women-in-agriculture-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gippsland-womens-network-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-mclennan-with-lyn-johnson-interview\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/" } ]