[ { "Title\/Name": "Canberra Women's Liberation Group", "Entry ID": "AWE0003", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-womens-liberation-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Canberra Women's Liberation Group was formed in June 1970 after two women from Sydney Women's Liberation spoke to eight female anti-Vietnam War activists, who decided to meet on a weekly basis on Wednesday evenings, to discuss their own form of oppression. The weekly meetings continued until 1976. One of its founding members was Julia Ryan. Their meetings were held in different houses in Canberra suburbs until 1975, when they shared Canberra Women's House with the Women's Electoral Lobby and the Abortion Counselling Service.\n", "Details": "Meeting venues were initially at Canning Street, Ainslie, then in the living rooms of various women's homes. The group grew quickly to more than twenty, with recruits mainly being students, junior academics, or teachers in their twenties and thirties. They rented a house in Bremer Street from 1972 to 1974. In 1975 it moved to Lobelia Street, O'Connor to Canberra Women's House and shared that house with the Women's Electoral Lobby, (WEL) which was formed in 1972 and the Abortion Counselling Service There was no formal membership, hierarchy or structure, although minutes of meetings were kept. Women enrolled on a mailing list and volunteered for jobs. They had a monthly newsletter, which ceased in 1976 as original members moved on to other activities.\nMembers undertook research into topics such as education, psychology, the nuclear family, and femininity and led the weekly meetings.\nThe group was invited to address organizations such as the Humanists, Rotary, schools and women's service clubs. Other activities included running information stalls, celebrating International Women's Day, consciousness raising and organizing conferences.\nJulia Ryan has argued that 'Canberra WL did not die. It changed our lives, and the ideology spread so wide that those of us who had known every feminist in Canberra now did not know every feminist in our suburb. The movement had grown, not in the way we imagined, but beyond our dreams.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-womens-liberation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julia-ryan-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-ward-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-julia-ryan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-christine-fernon-1970-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Studies Program, Australian National University", "Entry ID": "AWE0007", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-program-australian-national-university\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Tertiary education institution", "Summary": "The Women's Studies Program was established at the Australian National University in 1976 as the result of activism and political pressure applied by students who were connected to the Women's Liberation movement. In the first instance, the program's key aims were to explore the position and representation of women in Australian and other societies, the forces producing female subjectivity and women's experiences of femininity. Moving the examination of these questions into the academy was an important step in the development of a feminist critique of existing disciplines and institutional structures and the development of feminist scholarship in general.\n", "Details": "The introduction of the Women's Studies Program was approved by the Faculty of Arts and the Board of the School of General Studies at the Australian National University in 1974 as an interdisciplinary course for advanced-year students. In January 1976, Dr Ann Curthoys was appointed as a Lecturing Fellow to develop and teach the course as a full-year single unit. It was described at the time as 'concerned with the study of women in society, and the biological, psychological, social, cultural, political and economic dimensions of gender differentiation' (ANU Calendar, 1977). The Program was administratively attached to the History Department.\nAfter two years of teaching the course, Curthoys transferred to the University of Technology Sydney in February 1978 (she returned to ANU as Professor of History in 1994) and Dr Susan Magarey succeeded her as lecturer. The early years of the program featured a number of lecturers from a range of departments such as History, English, Psychology, Philosophy, Demography, Sociology and Anthropology, as well as guest lecturers Senator Susan Ryan, Sara Dowse (who had been head of the Women Affairs Unit in the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet 1974-77) and Jenny Macklin (later a Labor minister). Magarey was later joined by Julia Ryan as a temporary lecturer (1981-82). In 1983, Magarey went to the University of Adelaide as the founding Director of the Research Centre for Women's Studies.\nIn 1984, Dr Dorothy Broom (Department of Sociology) was appointed lecturer and convenor of the program. Dr Jill Julius Matthews (Department of History) was also appointed lecturer in 1984, becoming convenor in 1987, a role which alternated between them. By the late 1980s, the program offered four annual and two semester units, a 4th year honours program, a Graduate Diploma, a Master of Letters and higher degrees by research. It also supported a Resource Unit on Women and Gender which developed teaching bibliographies to inject gender issues into other Faculty of Arts courses.\nAfter a period of financial cutbacks and uncertainty about the Program's longevity, a review of the Program resulted in the ANU Council resolving in September 1995 that the Program be designated the Centre for Women's Studies, with Matthews as Director (she had been promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1991 and Reader in 1994). Dr Jan Jindy Pettman (Department of Political Science) was appointed Director and Reader from the beginning of 1997. At that time, there were four lecturers: Dr Jill Matthews, Dr Rosanne Kennedy, Dr Fiona Paisley and Dr E Wilson.\nOn 7 April 2000, the ANU Council approved a general restructure of the Faculty of Arts which abolished the Centre for Women's Studies as an administrative unit with effect from 1 July 2000. In 2001, the 25th anniversary of the Women's Studies Program was celebrated with a seminar featuring current and former staff including Ann Curthoys, Susan Magarey and Liz O'Brien.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-at-the-australian-national-university-the-early-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/orphans-of-the-storm-the-attrition-of-the-anu-womens-studies-program\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-tenth-anniversary-at-anu-dr-dorothy-broom-dr-jill-matthews-dr-susan-magarey-ms-wang-ying-ms-wu-lintao-ms-xu-xuehai-ms-liu-maoshu-ms-lian-lijuan-kathleen-taperell\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-national-university-council-minutes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anu-womens-studies-program-audiovisual-material-and-photographs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/material-relating-to-25th-anniversary-celebrations-of-anu-womens-studies-department\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jill-matthews-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "ACT Women's Consultative Council", "Entry ID": "AWE0008", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/act-womens-consultative-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Death Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocate, Consultant", "Summary": "The ACT Women's Consultative Council was established in 1989 by the then chief minister Rosemary Follett to advise the chief minister on the status of women and women's issues. It ceased operation in 2001.\n", "Details": "The ACT Women's Consultative Council was established in 1989 by the then chief minister Rosemary Follett. The Council was given the following terms of reference:\n\nto advise the Chief Minister on the status of women in the ACT;\nto develop a broad overview of women's status in the ACT, with a particular emphasis on identifying gaps in programs or services and on advising priorities for attention, acknowledging that all programs, services and policies affect women to a greater or lesser extent;\nto provide to, and receive from women, and the organisations involved in women's issues, information about issues of concern to women; and\nto prepare a yearly work program for approval by the first ACT Women's Consultative Council under these terms of reference.\n\nThe following women were members of the Council:\nFirst Women's Consultative Council, 1989-1992\n\nPamela Cahir (Convenor to April 1990)\nSusan Bambrick (Convenor September 1990-March 1991)\nMaureen Bromfield (to May 1991)\nDanielle Hyndes (Convenor March 1991-May 1992)\nGillian Boyd\nKathryn Cole\nElizabeth Grant, AM\nWinsome Hall\nMargaret Munro\nKoula Notaras\nVanda Podravac\nAlison Purvis (to July 1991)\nKaren Richards (to May 1991)\nJulia Ryan\nMargaret Timpson\n\nSecond Women's Consultative Council, June 1992-June 1994\n\nJulia Ryan (Convenor)\nAnn Quadroy (Deputy Convenor from December 1993)\nDorothy Broom (until March 1994)\nGrace Coe\nJennifer Bradley\nBeverly Ch'ng\nJacklynn Draper\nJane Grace\nGwen Gray\nCharlotte Palmer\nJayne Pilkinton (until February 1994)\nHeather Ponting\nFelicity Rafferty\nBetty Searle\nLorraine Weatherall\n\nThird Women's Consultative Council, July 1995-June 1996\n\nJenny Morison (Chair)\nDanielle Hyndes (Deputy Chair)\nRobyne Bancroft\nPaula Calcino\nMargaret Carmody\nBetty Craig\nElizabeth Grant, AM\nDonna Holden\nIngrid McKenzie\nAnne Ranson\nDennise Simpson\nJean Thomson\nLita Vidal\n\nFourth Women's Consultative Council, July 1996-March 1998\n\nDanielle Hyndes (Chair)\nElizabeth Grant, AM\nMargaret Carmody\nJean Thompson\nBetty Craig\nKaren Sorensen\nDennise Simpson\nLinda Crebbin\nIngrid McKenzie\nRobyne Bancroft\nLita Vidal\n\nAugust 1998-June 2000\n\nKaren Fogarty (Chair)\nJacqueline Pearce (Deputy Chair)\nAysun Adams\nLibby Bell\nMyriam Bonazzi\nBetty Craig\nMargaret Head\nCathi Moore\nGlenda Munro\nJulia Nesbitt\nMargery Smyth, OAM\nMegan Thompson\nJean Thompson\nLulu Turner\nAnn Wentworth, AM\n\nJuly 2000-September 2001\nmembership as above, with the addition of:\n\nMatilda House\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Foundation for Australian Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0009", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-foundation-for-australian-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The National Foundation for Australian Women was established in 1989 by the bequest of Canberra feminist, Pamela Denoon. NFAW objectives are: to advance and protect all interests of Australian women in all spheres; to ensure that the aims and ideals of the women's movement and its collective wisdom are handed on to new generations of Australian women. The foundation seeks to strengthen and support women's groups by: sponsoring research and advocacy; working to increase support for feminist goals in the community, and improving communication among women's groups. NFAW founded the Australian Women's Archive Project in 1999.\n", "Details": "The National Foundation for Australian Women promotes the rights and interests of Australian women. It is non-party political and independent of government funding. The NFAW relies on the voluntary work of its members, including its Board. NFAW has individual and organisation membership. Individual members are entitled to attend all Board meetings, put forward issues for consideration and vote or stand for the Board. Organisations are welcome to join and will receive all entitlements except voting rights. NFAW produce Broadside newsletter quarterly. Marie Coleman was the founding Secretary. NFAW held the first National Women's Conference in Canberra 1990.\nFounding sponsors\nDiane Bell, Eva Cox, Virginia Dowd, Elizabeth Evatt, Barbara Flick, Rhonda Galbally, Margaret Guilfoyle, Jill Hickson, Elizabeth Jolly, Eva Learner, Tobsha Learner, the Hon. Dame Roma Mitchell, Ann Morrow, Anne O'Byrne, Elizabeth Reid, Edna Ryan, Kaye Schofield, Kerry Schott, Judy Small, Ann Symonds, Pat Turner, Margaret Whitlam, Judith Wright.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ga1109-hon-anne-levy-member-of-parliament\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-edna-ryan-1948-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-foundation-for-australian-women-1988-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julia-ryan-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-judith-wright-1944-2000-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-reynolds-1973-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-womens-archives-project-2001-2012-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irina-dunn-further-papers-1943-1994\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Beryl Women's Refuge", "Entry ID": "AWE0010", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beryl-womens-refuge\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's refuge", "Summary": "Beryl Women's Refuge was the first women's refuge for women and children escaping domestic violence in the ACT. It provided accommodation and a range of legal, welfare and health services to a diverse range of clients.\n", "Details": "Inspired by the feminists who established the Elsie Women's Refuge in Sydney, Julia Ryan, Elizabeth 'Biff' Ward, Pamela Oldmeadow and other members Women's Liberation in Canberra formed a Refuge Committee in 1974 to investigate through local welfare organisations the need for a similar refuge for victims of domestic violence in the ACT. Their evidence-based funding submission to the Commonwealth Department of the Capital Territory resulted in the lease of a three-bedroom house in Adams Place Watson and a grant of $4,000 towards its running costs. On 8 March 1975 Pat Bryant, wife of Gordon Bryant the Minister for the Capital Territory in the Whitlam Government, officially opened the Canberra Women's Refuge and handed its keys to veteran feminist and abortion law reform advocate, Beryl Henderson. In 1989, the refuge was renamed Beryl Refuge Inc. in her honour. Originally staffed by trained volunteers from Canberra Women's Liberation and Women's Electoral Lobby, it was managed by a Collective of the Refuge Committee, operating by consensus decision-making.\nIn May 1976 the refuge moved to a two-storied duplex in Kingston, provided rent-free for two years by a Canberra businessperson, and received government funding for paid staff. Initially, all homeless women were accepted into the refuge but on 8 August 1983, Toora, a separate refuge for single women, was opened, allowing Beryl to focus on women with children.\nIn July 1986 the Incest Centre (now Canberra Rape Crisis Centre) was established, initially as a subsidiary of the Canberra Women's Refuge. In 1990 Beryl opened a halfway house for women and children awaiting priority government housing. A $40,000 government grant in 2001 allowed Beryl to run children-focussed programs and in 2004 further funding permitted the provision of a twelve-month outreach program for former clients.\nOn 19 December 2005, Beryl Refuge Inc. was renamed Beryl Women Inc. In response to significant cuts in government funding the management of Beryl transitioned in April 2007 from a collective to a committee model of governance. Beryl increasingly employed ethnically diverse staff to better reflect the diversity of their clients and created two designated positions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.\nIn 2015 Aboriginal woman Robyn Martin, Beryl's Manager from 2005, was named ACT Woman of the Year.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/opening-a-new-door-the-herstory-of-beryl-women-inc-1975-2015\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-ward-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-julia-ryan-1947-1982-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-sorting-clothes-in-the-lounge-room-of-a-canberra-womens-refuge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bedroom-at-the-canberra-womens-refuge-watson-which-is-being-used-by-an-adult-and-five-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/escargo-go-with-domestic-dirt-canberra-womens-refuge-dinner-dance-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/red-fems-collection-njsn_ac-007\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elba-cruz-zavalla-interviewed-by-ann-mari-jordens-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Working Women's Centre Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE0012", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Melbourne Working Women's Centre was the first trade union women's research and advisory centre in Australia. Established in 1975, under the auspices of the white collar union peak body, the Australian Council of Salaried and Professional Associations (ACSPA), it operated as an independent lobby and research group concentrating on women's issues in employment. When the ACSPA amalgamated with the ACTU in 1979, so too did the Working Women's Centre. It became defunct in 1984.\n", "Details": "The Working Women's Centre (WWC) was established in 1975 with the assistance of an International Women's Year seeding grant and received ongoing support from the National Women's Advisory Council. Mary Owen and Sylvie Shaw were coordinators and the service employed two part-time migrant liaison officers. A multilingual poster was the Centre's first publication followed by a discussion paper on the particular needs of migrant women. The centre's periodical Women at Work saw a growth in circulation numbers from 6000 subscriptions in 1977 to 13,000 in 1982.\nThe WWC conducted a range of activities from researching issues affecting women in the workforce to running training programs dealing with women's work issues (occupational health, worker's compensation, trade union training, dealing with discrimination etc). It gave expert evidence in industrial tribunals, lobbied governments and unions for changes to women's position in the workforce, participated in government committees dealing with social security and job training etc., helped establish transition programs (at TAFE colleges) for women wishing to return to the workforce, spoke regularly at workplaces, conducted research on shift work, child care and occupational health problems including stress among 'blue collar' women workers, and developed a Register of Women in Non-Traditional jobs made up of women who would go to schools and community groups to talk about breaking the 'traditional' workforce mould.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-owen-1951-2017-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Elsie Women's Refuge", "Entry ID": "AWE0018", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elsie-womens-refuge\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Glebe, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's refuge", "Summary": "Elsie Women's Refuge was the first refuge set up in Australia for women and children escaping a violent home who had nowhere to sleep. The refuge offered advice and assistance in relation to the legal, welfare and health systems.\n", "Details": "When a group of Sydney feminists met to celebrate International Women's Day at the Teacher's Federation auditorium in Sussex St Sydney on 10 March 1974, the speakers at its forum 'Women in a Violent Society' addressed a crime then not recognised in law and generally ignored by police - domestic violence. Three Women's Liberation members, Anne Summers, Jennifer Dakers and Bessie Guthrie responded immediately. On 16 March, armed only with broom handles and shovels, they broke into two adjoining terrace houses in Glebe, 'Elsie' and 'Minnie' (73 and 73 Westmoreland St), left vacant due to the NSW Builders Labourers 'green ban' on the then Askin Government's redevelopment of a number of Sydney's architectural and historic sites. There they established the first domestic violence refuge in the world.\nElsie's founders conducted extensive media interviews to raise public awareness of this service, and raised money in whatever way they could. Donations of food, white goods and playground equipment quickly followed. The visit of Bill Hayden, Minister for Social Security in the Whitlam government, resulted in the refuge receiving a one-off Commonwealth government grant of $24,250, enabling its move to more spacious premises in Derwent St, Glebe. By mid-1975, eleven women's refugees had been established by volunteers nationwide, initially without government funding. The thousands of women and children seeking protection in these refuges convinced the Whitlam Government to respond to this previously unacknowledged social need by funding them from 1975.\nIn 1981, under Premier Neville Wran, the NSW Government became the first Australian government to conduct an inquiry into domestic violence. While this led to significant policy changes, funding remained uncertain and inadequate until 1985, when refuges were granted secure funding through the Commonwealth-State Supported Accommodation Assistance Program. By 1999, 25 years after the opening of Elsie, there were over 300 refuges Australia-wide. On 29 August 2014, the management of Elsie Women's Refuge and 44 other shelters in New South Wales, was outsourced to the St Vincent de Paul Society under the NSW Government's Going Home Saying Home policy.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-refuge-funding-a-new-south-wales-case-study-1970-to-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorable-summers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ducks-on-the-pond-an-autobiography-1945-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forty-years-of-the-elsie-refuge-for-women-and-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elsie-womens-refuge-records-ca-1974-2014\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-ten-years-of-sydney-womens-liberation-collection-ca-1969-ca-1980\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Women's Advisory Council", "Entry ID": "AWE0019", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-womens-advisory-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The National Women's Advisory Council was established as a new channel of communication between the Women's Affairs Branch of the federal government and the wider community of women. Chaired by Beryl Beaurepaire it had Aboriginal, migrant, rural and trade union women among the members.\n", "Details": "The National Women's Advisory Centre research budget enabled the conduct and sponsorship of a number of research projects into women's economic circumstances, migrant women, mothers of disabled children, and the aged.\nIt provided ongoing funding for the Working Women's Centre in Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/migrant-women-speak-a-report-to-the-commonwealth-government\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-joyce-mcconnell-1960-1989-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1970-ca-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-womens-advisory-council-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1970-ca-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-liberation-and-lesbian-feminist-archive-newscuttings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-elizabeth-reid-1963-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lena-gustin-and-dino-gustin-papers-1909-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laurel-k-mcintyre-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/establishment-of-a-national-womens-advisory-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-the-status-of-women-abolition-of-national-womens-advisory-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cabinet-documents-for-the-office-of-womens-affairs-single-number-series-with-alphabetical-prefix\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sara-dowse-1958-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0021", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) was established in Melbourne in 1972 by Beatrice Faust. She was inspired by feminists in the United States who had been rating presidential candidates. The organisation quickly spread to Sydney, Adelaide and Canberra and in 1978 WEL Australia was formed as a coalition of state, territory and regional groups. Primarily a women's political lobby group, WEL surveyed political candidates and their policies affecting women, wrote submissions and developed media skills for women to lobby for the inclusion of women in the area of government policy. Originally the WEL campaign was based on six demands: equal pay, equal employment opportunity, equal access to education, free contraceptive services, abortion on demand and free 24-hour childcare.\n", "Details": "In February 1972, feminist Beatrice Faust invited ten women to a meeting in her Carlton house to discuss the forthcoming Federal election. They decided to survey election candidates on issues of special interest to women, as Ms Magazine had done in the USA during a recent presidential campaign.\nBy the second meeting the initial membership had doubled, and 130 women attended the third meeting a short time later.\nEarly the following year, there was a Victorian state election, and WEL organised a major forum in Dallas Brooks Hall, bringing together on stage the leaders of all five current political parties to answer the question:\nWhy should women vote for you?\nWEL's first national conference in Canberra in 1973 was attended by 400 women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/researching-wel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/can-ladies-work-here-too-nanna\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/power-and-protest-movements-for-change-in-australian-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/social-movements-the-politics-of-moral-protest\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-to-power-australias-1972-election\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-description-and-analysis-of-aspects-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-an-historical-inquiry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-political-development-of-the-womens-movement-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-within-the-system-the-womens-electoral-lobby-fifteen-years-on\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-emergence-of-contemporary-feminist-groups-in-australia-with-special-reference-to-the-womens-liberation-movement-and-the-womens-electoral-lobby-in-the-act\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-employment-strategies-and-outcomes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-interrelationship-between-interest-groups-and-social-movement-organisations-the-experience-of-wel-1972-83\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-electoral-lobby-1972-1982-sites-of-conflict-in-non-party-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wel-women-recollections-of-some-of-the-first-wel-act-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-history-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-sa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wel-21-years-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-history-of-womens-electoral-lobby-wa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-womens-electoral-lobby-coffs-harbour\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-australia-new-zealand-1972-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-the-gilded-cage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catching-the-waves\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ducks-on-the-pond-an-autobiography-1945-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-voices-womens-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-women-count-a-history-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-in-suits-women-and-public-policy-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-on-womens-non-government-organizations-conference-beijing-china-august-31-september-8-1995-deborah-mcculloch-womens-electoral-lobby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-poster-think-w-e-l-before-you-vote\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bebbington-laurie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bethune-dulcie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-ward-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholson-joyce-thorpe-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-9\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-10\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-11\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-12\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-13\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-14\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-15\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-16\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-17\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-18\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-20\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-21\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-22\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-records-1973-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-pamphlets-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-the-womens-liberation-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sara-dowse-1958-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-liberation-movement-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-meredith-hinchliffe-1957-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speeches-1972-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-meredith-stokes-circa-1970-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cameron-barbara-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-darwin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-realia-and-papers-relating-to-womens-issues-and-organisations-1975-2008-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-edna-ryan-1948-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-records-ca-1970-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-ryan-papers-1965-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-ryan-further-papers-1961-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-di-graham-1975-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-reynolds-1973-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-shirley-kral-1953-2015-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meredith-hinchliffe-collection-no-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-ten-years-of-sydney-womens-liberation-collection-ca-1969-ca-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/judith-steanes-interview-with-joan-bielski-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-bielski-papers-1968-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/subject-folders\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-associated-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/banner-with-handprints-of-those-who-attended-the-women-for-reconciliation-dinner\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Abortion Law Reform Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0022", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abortion-law-reform-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Abortion Law Reform Association (ALRA) was formed in response to the deaths from the widespread practice of back-yard and self-induced abortion caused by unwanted pregnancies. The Association was campaigning to put an end to the legislation in Australia which enforced abortion as illegal. In Canberra the ALRA was established by Beryl Henderson. Julia Freebury was the Sydney convenor in 1972.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abortion-law-reform-association-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julia-freebury-papers-mainly-concerning-the-campaign-for-abortion-on-request-including-the-records-of-the-abortion-law-repeal-association-together-with-related-material-1964-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/state-library-of-new-south-wales-julia-freebury-interviewed-by-rosemary-block-about-her-participation-in-the-abortion-law-reform-association-n-s-w-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/welcome-institute-for-the-history-of-medicine-london-contemporary-medical-archives-centre-miscellaneous-collections-relating-to-australia-and-new-zealand-1902-1984\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pamela Denoon Trust", "Entry ID": "AWE0027", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pamela-denoon-trust\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Trust", "Summary": "The Pamela Denoon Trust was established from a bequest made by Pamela Denoon of $50,000. The aim of the Trust was to advance education in the community through promoting research into social issues affecting women. Grants were allocated by the Trust for a variety of projects: attendance of Indigenous women to National Women's Conference in October 1991, research on the impact of enterprise bargaining on women, scholarships for girls in secondary schools in Papua New Guinea, programs of the National Women's Justice Coalition including Pamela's List, support for the Black Women's Education Foundation and Women with Disabilities Australia, audiovisual resources on domestic violence, the Australian Women's Archives Project of the National Foundation for Australian Women, and the activities of Women's History Month and Women on a Shoestring Collective, among others. The Trust was wound up in 2005 having provided grants of over $90,000 from the original bequest and interest earned.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-pamela-denoon-trust-1989-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-relating-to-the-pamela-denoon-lecture-series-1989-2013\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-foundation-for-australian-women-1988-2009-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queen Victoria Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE0049", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital", "Summary": "Established in 1896, the Queen Victoria Hospital in Melbourne was the first women's hospital in Victoria, operated for women by women. Originally housed in William Street, Melbourne, new premises were purchased with money raised by Victorian women contributing to Dr Constance Stone's 'Shilling Fund'. The hospital moved to its Lonsdale Street site in 1946. In 1989 it was relocated to the Monash Medical Centre at Clayton.\nEstablished in 1896 as the Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, as a clinic in a local church hall, The Queen Victoria Hospital was one of three hospitals in the world founded, managed and staffed by women, 'For Women, By Women', for the benefit of poor women uncomfortable with male doctors. There were eleven female founding doctors led by Dr Constance Stone.\nThe hospital was funded by an appeal coinciding with Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. After three years, there were enough funds to move into separate premises, the old Governess Institute in Mint Lane. Known as the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, the name changed to the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital when the Queen died in 1901.\nIn 1946, the hospital moved into premises vacated by the Royal Melbourne Hospital on Lonsdale Street. In 1965, it became Monash University's teaching hospital for obstetrics, gynaecology and paediatrics, at which point it became a 'Family Hospital' that treated and employed males.\nIn 1977 the hospital amalgamated with McCulloch House and was renamed the Queen Victoria Medical Centre. The years later , in 1987, it merged with Moorabbin Hospital and moved to Clayton. In 1991 it was involved with yet another merger, this time with Prince Henry's Hospital, to form the Monash Medical Centre.\n", "Details": "From its beginnings as an out-patients' dispensary in La Trobe Street (where the three Drs Stone - Constance, Clara and Mary - worked on Monday mornings), the Queen Victoria Hospital expanded its premises with the purchase of the Governess' Institute at Mint Place in 1899, funded by a Jubilee Shilling Fund appeal. \nThe National Council of Women of Victoria moved for the establishment of an operating theatre for out-patients at the hospital in memory of Mary Stone, honorary secretary of the Council from 1904 to 1910. The theatre was opened in 1912. When the hospital added a new pathology block in 1937 it was named after Dr Janet Greig. In 1946 the hospital moved to premises on Lonsdale Street.\nIn 1977, the Queen Victoria Hospital was one of a number of institutions (including the Jessie McPherson Hospital and McCulloch House, a convalescent home) to amalgamate and form The Queen Victoria Medical Centre. It continued to operate from its Lonsdale Street site until 1989, when it was sold and relocated to the Monash Medical Centre at Clayton.\nFollowing its closure, the centre tower of the hospital was refurbished and handed over to the women of Victoria. It is now known as the Queen Victoria Women's Centre.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bricks-or-spirit-the-queen-victoria-hospital-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-hospital-1899-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bush-nursing-in-victoria-1910-1985-the-first-seventy-five-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-queen-victoria-womens-hospital\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyceum Club (Melbourne)", "Entry ID": "AWE0054", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyceum-club-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Lyceum Club (Melbourne), established in 1912, was directly modelled on the lyceum clubs of England. Membership is restricted to women graduates and other women who had distinguished themselves in art, music, literature, philanthropy or public service.\n", "Details": "A group of women interested in forming a lyceum club in Melbourne first met in 1910. Later that year, Ethel Osborne, who had been instrumental in organising this meeting, London's Lyceum Club and reported back to the group on its operations. In 1912 Osborne was elected foundation vice-president of the new Lyceum Club (Melbourne). Its founders in Australia, as in London, hoped the Club would gain equal standing with the prestigious male clubs of the day. They were to provide a base for elite women's influence and advancement. As reflected in its admission requirements the clubs were particularly committed to furthering women's professional careers. They provided an arena in which elite professional women could form strong networks and cultivate useful contacts. Indeed, the Clubs were explicitly designed to provide a space for female networking - both locally and internationally. The Lyceum quickly became Melbourne's premier women's club, and by 1930 claimed 900 members. The Club continues today, although its influence has diminished.\nFounding members included:\nDr Janet Lindsay Greig, Miss Jessie Webb, Miss Enid Derham, Dr Constance Ellis, Dr Georgina Sweet, Dr Jane Greig, Flos Greig, Mrs Ray Phillips, Miss Alice Michaelis, Mrs Mary Barden, Miss Dora de Beer, Miss Stella Deakin, Miss Elizabeth Lothian, Mrs Ida Latham, Mrs Eleanor Latham, Miss Mona McBurney, Miss Mary Baldwin and Mrs Jessie Nott.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lyceum-club-melbourne-1912-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorandum-and-articles-of-association-of-the-lyceum-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/qualifications-for-membership-and-rules-for-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/literary-women-a-checklist-of-work-by-members-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1920-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-lyceum-club-and-papers-1970-1975-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1912-ca-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1910-2013-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1916-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1975-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0055", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/free-kindergarten-union-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Organisation", "Summary": "The FKUV was established in 1908 to unite all free kindergartens and to maintain high standards of supervision, with the provision of trained kindergarten teachers deemed essential.\nJohn Smyth (Professor of Education) and Ellen Pye (State Education Department) developed a training course that relied on co-operation between the Kindergarten Training College and the FKU. In 1917 the union was granted registration by the Council of Public Instruction as a training centre for kindergarten teachers. In 1922, as enrolments increased, the union moved to premises in Kew. Autonomy was granted to the Training College by the FKU in 1964 and it became the Kindergarten Teachers' College. \nSee also The Free Kindergarten Union of Victorian 1908-1980 by Lyndsay Gardiner. \n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/free-kindergarten-association-of-victoria-inc-formerly-free-kindergarten-union-of-victoria\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queensland Medical Women's Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0058", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queensland-medical-womens-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Professional Association", "Summary": "The Queensland Medical Women's Society (QMWS) was founded in 1929 with the aim to further the professional development of Medical Women by education, research and improvement of professional opportunities. It promotes the health and welfare of all Australians, particularly women and children.\nAs of 2004, the QMWS:\nHolds meetings throughout the year, at which a guest speaker presents a topic of clinical or medico-social consequence\nHold meeting\/workshops with other groups of professional women incorporating matters of mutual interest\nSends newsletters to members\nProvides an annual directory of members annually to encourage professional net-working\nProvides mentoring opportunities\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Creative Leisure Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE0060", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creative-leisure-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Creative Leisure Movement formed out of the Children's Library and Crafts Movement after the death of Doris Rivett and her sister Elsie.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voices-a-selection-of-work-by-members-of-the-northern-beaches-creative-leisure-writing-group\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-living-stone-and-other-poems\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rivett-doris-mary-1896-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/issy-wyner-collection-box-83-miscellaneous\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/issy-wyner-collection-box-33-1-5-child-care-centres\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nan-bosler-interviewed-on-her-involvement-with-the-creative-leisure-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norma-fogarty\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fiona-winter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-walker-interviewed-by-barbara-blackman-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creative-leisure-movement-sydney-n-s-w-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creative-leisure-movement-childrens-library-and-crafts-movement-records-1960-1977-including-minutes-correspondence-and-annual-reports\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children's Library and Crafts Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0061", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/childrens-library-and-crafts-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Children's Library and Crafts Club was established in 1922 by two sisters, Doris and Elsie Rivett. It was succeeded by the Children's Library and Craft Movement and in the 1970s became the Creative Leisure Movement.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-elizabeth-long-relating-to-the-rivett-family-circa-1860-1960-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children's Library and Crafts Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE0062", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/childrens-library-and-crafts-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Children's Library and Crafts Movement succeeded the free Children's Library and Crafts Club and was established in 1934. Doris Rivett was a founder and secretary-organiser until 1961.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-mary-matheson-former-secretary-of-the-childrens-library-and-crafts-movement-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creative-leisure-movement-childrens-library-and-crafts-movement-records-1960-1977-including-minutes-correspondence-and-annual-reports\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0067", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Women of Australia was founded in 1931, with Ivy Moss as President, to act as an umbrella organisation for the existing National Councils of Women in each state. The first of these, the National Council of Women of New South Wales, had been formed in 1896. Like all National Councils of Women, it functions as a political lobby group, attempting to influence local, state and federal governments as well as participating in international activities through its affiliation with the International Council of Women (established in 1888 at Seneca Falls in the United States of America) which has consultative status with the United Nations.\nThe national Council grew out of the Federal Council of the National Council of Women, which had been established in 1924 'with the object of enhancing the power of the [state] Councils in dealing with matters of Australian concern.' Later, Councils established in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory also affiliated with this national body. Until the 1940s at least, the Council was a major focal point for middle-class women's activism.\nThe current aims of NCWA are:\nTo work for the removal of all discrimination against women and to promote the equal status of women and men in law and in fact.\nTo act as a link for networking and a co-ordinator between State and Territory Councils of Women.\nTo act as a voice or Agent of communication at national and international levels on issues and concerns of women.\nTo develop national policies and responsibilities on behalf of women on an Australia wide basis.\nTo maintain the affiliation with the International Council of Women and monitor the implementation of its plans of action and policies at national level.\n", "Details": "Each State and Territory has its own branch of the National Council of Women, and these in turn have affiliated with them a number of women's organisations with a wide diversity of aims and goals. But the common linkage is to improve the status of and conditions for women and their families in Australia.\nTo ensure that Australia was accorded a National presence on the International scene, the National Council of Women of Australia was established by the State and Territory Councils in 1931 to deal with issues affecting women and their families at a National and International level.\nThis body was preceded by the Federal Council of the National Council of Women, 1924-31 - records of which are contained in MS 7583, NLA, (http:\/\/www.nla.gov.au\/ms\/findaids\/7583.html).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/left-wing-ladies-the-union-of-australian-women-in-victoria-1950-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champions-of-the-impossible-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-view-of-the-australian-consumer-movement-from-the-middle-of-the-web\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homefires-and-housewives-women-war-and-the-politics-of-consumption\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-the-national-councils-of-women-national-the-formation-of-a-nation-wide-organisation-in-australia-1896-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mainstream-womens-organisations-in-australia-the-challenges-of-national-and-international-co-operation-after-the-great-war\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-joyce-mcconnell-1960-1989-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/state-library-of-new-south-wales-jean-arnot-interviewed-by-rosemary-block-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-fleming-arnot-personal-and-professional-papers-1890-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ada-norris-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-arnot-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-davey-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1924-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-australia-1936-1972-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-herbert-and-ivy-brookes-1869-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-reynolds-1973-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-hilfers-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Manning House Women's Union", "Entry ID": "AWE0068", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/manning-house-womens-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Union", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Council of Social Service", "Entry ID": "AWE0069", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-service\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-service-ephemera-material-in-the-riley-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-service-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-council-of-social-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1946-1988-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speeches-social-welfare-and-the-trade-union-movement-address-to-vcoss-mt-isa-october-13-1976-folder-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-spiro-and-margaret-moraitis-1952-2002-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Social Welfare Commission", "Entry ID": "AWE0070", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-social-welfare-commission\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Government department", "Summary": "The National Social Welfare Commission was created by the Whitlam Labor Government in 1972. It was abolished in 1975 following the election of the Fraser Liberal-National Party Government. \nAs Chair of the Commission, Marie Coleman introduced the Australian Assistance Plan..\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Office of Child Care", "Entry ID": "AWE0071", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-child-care\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Government department", "Summary": "Marie Coleman was Director from 1975.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Family Support Program", "Entry ID": "AWE0072", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-support-program\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Government department", "Summary": "The Family Support Program was a youth refuge program introduced under the Office of Child Care when Marie Coleman was Director.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0073", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/child-accident-prevention-foundation-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Australia was established by Marie Coleman, who was appointed its first Director.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-national-foundation-for-australian-women-1988-2009-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Reproductive Health Alliance", "Entry ID": "AWE0076", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-reproductive-health-alliance\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Reproductive Health Alliance worked for the improvement in the well-being and status of women and the development of reproductive health. ARHA promoted knowledge, education and research relating to the development of family planning and other reproductive health services, paying particular attention to the needs of indigenous people, both within Australia and internationally. It ceased operation on 30 September 2011.\n", "Details": "The establishment of ARHA and ARHF followed from the UN Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in 1994. The outcomes of this conference included a shift from a purely demographic focus for the UN's population programs to a woman-centred approach, recognising the rights of all women to access quality reproductive and sexual health services.\nThe importance of education for women and girls was also recognised as was access to good maternal and child health services. ARHA aimed through public education and advocacy to ensure that Australia met its obligations as per the Cairo agreement. It acted as the secretariat for the All Party Parliamentary Group on Population and Development. Similar groups exist in Europe and the UK and have been extremely successful in keeping population and related issues on the public agenda.\nThe ARHA mission statement was:\n\nTo promote public support, both within Australia and internationally, for improvement in the well-being and status of women and the development of reproductive health in families and individuals by means including\n\nthe production of educational materials\nthe organisation of seminars and workshops\nthe preparation of briefing materials for members of the press\nnetworking with parliamentarians, government departments and other interested parties as requires\nthe support and promotion of alliances of opinion makers with comparable aims and objectives.\n\n\nTo promote knowledge, education and research relating to the development of family planning and other reproductive health services, paying particular attention to the needs of indigenous people, both within Australian and internationally.\nWhere appropriate, to identify and support reproductive health, and enhance the status of women and girls, either working independently or with partner organisations.\nTo promote, maintain and extend the interest of ARHA members in a broad range of issues concerning reproductive health and its role in development.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-records-of-the-australian-reproductive-health-alliance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-reproductive-health-alliance-1992-2011\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sexual Health and Family Planning Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0077", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sexual-health-and-family-planning-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "Sexual Health and Family Planning Australia is the representative national body for eight, independent Australian state family planning organisations which deliver the Australian Family Planning Program. At national and international levels a key objective of all Australian Family Planning Organisations is to promote safe sex practices, health and well being and protective behaviours in order to empower people to make informed choices for themselves.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Canberra Mothercraft Society Inc", "Entry ID": "AWE0078", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-mothercraft-society-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "Canberra Mothercraft Society (CMS) was established in 1929, one of many women's organisations at the time which formed around the National Council of Women in the Australian Capital Territory to meet the needs of public servants being transferred to the new capital city, and of workmen engaged in building it.\n", "Details": "Canberra had been proclaimed capital of Australia on 12 March 1913 by Lady Gertrude Denman, wife of the then Governor-General.\nInitially the CMS provided its first mothers and babies health service in the same central Canberra premises housing the national newspaper, the Canberra Times. From these premises, visiting clinics were organised at workers encampments in the newly developing suburbs. Later the CMS also operated Canberra's first cr\u00e8che.\nThe growth of Canberra was slowed during the Great depression of the 1930s, and during World War II, but the CMS continued to provide its services in partnership with the relevant Commonwealth Government agency, the Department of the Interior.\nAfter World War II the Federal Government under Prime Minister Robert Menzies acted decisively to speed the growth of the national capital, and many more Federal agencies, with their staff, were transferred from other Australian cities to Canberra.\nAs Canberra's population grew, so grew the need for services for mothers and babies. To mark the coronation in 1953 of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, a public appeal in Canberra raised funds to build a post-natal residential care service in central Canberra on land donated by the Department of Territories.\nThe building was opened in 1953 by the wife of the Prime Minister, Mrs (later Dame) Pattie Menzies. Subsequently, the Commonwealth Department of Health through its territorial administration took on increased responsibility for the provision of infant welfare services.\nAfter self-government was granted to the Australian Capital Territory in 1989, the ACT Health department took over responsibility for child health services and clinics, and continued to work in partnership with the CMS in the operation of the QEII.\nChildren's day care services became more commonly provided through a range of community based and commercial agencies as the Commonwealth provided financial support for child day care services from 1972 onwards, accelerating after 1975.\nIn 1999 the Territory Government provided a new building in Curtin, by now the demographic centre of Canberra, for the operation of the QEII under the aegis of the Canberra Mothercraft Society.\nThis entry was researched and written by Marie Coleman \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothering-years-the-story-of-the-canberra-mothercraft-society-1926-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-general-meeting\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constitution-of-the-canberra-mothercraft-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-helen-crisp-1939-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0043-canberra-mothercraft-society-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Institute of Family Studies", "Entry ID": "AWE0079", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-institute-of-family-studies\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Marie Coleman was the Acting Director of the Australian Institute of Family Studies in 1994.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cancer Council Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0082", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cancer-council-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Cancer Council Victoria is a public institution created by an Act of Parliament in 1936. It operates as a charity, relies heavily on volunteer support, and raises and spends $3-4 per head of population annually.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "International Women's Development Agency", "Entry ID": "AWE0083", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-development-agency\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "International Women's Development Agency (IWDA) is an Australian based non-government organisation, established in 1985, which undertakes projects in partnership with women from around the world, giving priority to working with women who suffer poverty and oppression.\nIWDA addresses economics, power, leadership, safety, security and systemic change to advance women's rights and gender equality in Australia, the region and the world.\n", "Details": "The first IWDA meeting was held in 1985 by Ruth Pfanner, Wendy Poussard and Wendy Rose. That same year, the launch of IWDA was officially announced at the NGO Women's Forum of the United Nations Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi. The IWDA office was opened in Melbourne with the support of volunteers and soon after the organisations first program was launched; providing health care training to women in the Philippines.\nIWDA became a full member of the Australian Council for Overseas Aid (now the Australian Council for International Development) in 1986.\nIn 2000, IWDA funded their 300th overseas project.\nSince the organisation's inception in 1985, IWDA has worked with 194 program partners across 36 countries and territories.\nAt the centre of IWDA's development philosophy is the upholding of women's human rights and the promotion of equality. IWDA's projects aim to increase women's skills and their confidence to participate in decision making within their families and communities, both locally and nationally.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-and-audio-tapes-1985-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Electrical Association for Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0087", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/electrical-association-for-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "Established by Florence McKenzie in 1934, the Electrical Association for Women was a non-profit organisation that provided for women's electrical needs.\nIn 200 Australian Women Rosemary Broomham writes: Florence McKenzie shared the then widely held belief that electricity could free women from much of the drudgery of housework. Women could become members of the Association for a modest annual subscription, use the club rooms in Clarence St, Sydney, attend lectures and excursions, receive advice on all electrical matters, and have their appliances tested for safety. The Association's showroom also allowed comparison of electrical appliances from different manufacturers. In conjunction with the Association's activities, Mrs McKenzie compiled a cookery book with an electrical guide. Published in 1936, this went to seven editions, the last of which was released in 1954 under the auspices of the Sydney County Council.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-violet-mckenzie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cookery-book-and-electrical-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/200-australian-women-a-redress-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0089", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/foundation-for-australian-agricultural-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women was established as a national organisation to provide for disadvantaged rural women and to advance all women in agricultural occupations and rural communities around Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/second-wave-feminism-in-rural-australia-the-main-elements-and-characteristics-of-the-rural-womens-movement-of-the-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Feminist Club of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE0090", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminist-club-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Feminist Club of New South Wales was formed in 1914 to work for 'equality of status, opportunity and payment between men and women in all spheres.' They group concerned itself with a broad range of issues, including child welfare, adoption, divorce laws, women's influence in politics and 'Aborigines.'\n", "Details": "In 1929, several members of the Feminist Club left the organisation to form the more radical United Associations of Women with Jessie Street.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-feminist-club-of-nsw-1914-1970-a-history-of-feminist-politics-in-decline\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-feminist-club-of-n-s-w-silver-jubilee-souvenir-1914-1939\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cara-david-a-leading-woman-in-australian-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-millicent-preston-stanley-1883-1955\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lovable-natives-and-tribal-sisters-feminism-maternalism-and-the-campaign-for-aboriginal-citizenship-in-new-south-wales-in-the-late-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminist-club-of-new-south-wales-records-1928-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ruby-rich-1943-1948-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jack-and-jean-horner-interviewed-by-peter-read-in-the-peter-read-collection-of-interviews-conducted-for-his-book-entitled-charles-perkins-a-biography-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-m-preston-stanley-1925-1950-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruby-rich-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sybylla Press", "Entry ID": "AWE0091", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sybylla-press\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist publisher", "Summary": "Sybylla Feminist Press was established as a printing cooperative in 1976 and since 1982 has run a small publishing program producing titles that explore feminist and left perspectives. The publications include fiction and non-fiction by women, with a special interest in new writers and work that is innovative in style.\n", "Details": "Sybylla's list includes Working Hot, winner of the 1989 Innovative Writing Prize in the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, and She's Fantastical, shortlisted for the 1995 World Fantasy Awards. While occasional grants have been awarded for particular publishing projects, Sybylla receives no recurrent funding from government or other bodies for its operations. Due to escalating costs the printery was relinquished in 1988, and since then a small group of women have contributed their unpaid labour to maintain Sybylla's publishing venture.\nIn the context of increasing concentration of media ownership in Australia, Sybylla is committed to independently owned, alternative publishing. Although Sybylla continues to publish unique pieces of fiction and non-fiction, the titles from its early years still speak to the current cultural, political and social landscape, and many have seeped their way into the Australian cult canon. In the 1990s Sybylla has established a working relationship with Spinifex press, another Melbourne based feminist publisher. Sybylla and Spinifex work together in the areas of distribution and cross-promotion.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vwllfa-archives-biographies-archive-no-25-sibylla-press\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1976-2003-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Spinifex Press", "Entry ID": "AWE0092", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spinifex-press\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist publisher", "Summary": "Spinifex Press is an independent feminist press, publishing innovative and controversial fiction and non-fiction by Australian and international authors.\nIt was established by Renate Klein and Susan Hawthorne in the early 1990s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Women's Theatre Group", "Entry ID": "AWE0096", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-womens-theatre-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Women performers from the Australian Performing Group and women from the Women's Movement established the Melbourne Women's Theatre Group. The Group, which rejected gender stereotypes both on and off stage, nurtured the advancement of women performers, directors, technicians, musicians, designers and writers.\nOut of the Frying Pan (1974), Sister's Delight Festival (1974), She'll be Right Mate (1976) and Edges (1977) were some of the programmes produced.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/original-womens-theatre-the-melbourne-womens-theatre-group-1974-77\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/suzanne-spunner-manuscript-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Save Our Sons Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE0099", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/save-our-sons-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "First established in Sydney, and later in Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Newcastle and Adelaide the movement protested against conscription of Australians to fight in the Vietnam war. The movement made conscription of men under 18 who were not eligible to vote at that time a focus of their campaign.\nIn 1970, five Save Our Sons women were jailed in Melbourne for handing out anti-conscription pamphlets whilst on government property. They included Jean Maclean, Rene Miller and Jo Maclaine-Cross.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-save-our-sons-movement-of-victoria-1965-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s-o-s-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-protest-movements-the-womens-peace-army-and-the-save-our-sons-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-fighting-for\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/save-our-sons-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-save-our-sons-movement-1965-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/demonstration-outside-fairlea-womens-prison-melbourne-ca-1970-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-pauline-armstrong-1990-2002-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/armstrong-pauline-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Union of Australian Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0106", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "Established in 1950, the Union of Australian Women is a left-wing social change organisation. Its aim is to work for the status and wellbeing of women across the world\n", "Details": "The Union of Australian Women (UAW) was established at a conference in Sydney in August 1950. The New South Wales branch was the first to be formed, with other state branches forming in quick succession. The state branches came together in 1956 to establish a national organisation.\nFoundation members included communists, Labor Party supporters, Christian activists, and members of the New Housewives' Association. Early goals included improving the status of women and children, disarmament and a halt to nuclear testing and mining, equal distribution of wealth, increased welfare services, equal pay for women, equality for Indigenous Australians, abortion law reform, and opposition to the White Australia Policy. Current campaigns concern child care, woman and family friendly workplaces, health and housing, outworkers, reconciliation and Indigenous rights.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/left-wing-ladies-the-union-of-australian-women-in-victoria-1950-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/apron-strings-and-atom-bombs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-a-hat-and-glove-brigade-the-story-of-the-union-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uphill-all-the-way-a-documentary-history-of-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-and-wages-in-the-war-years-1940-1945-sheetmetal-workers-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daring-to-take-a-stand-the-story-of-the-union-of-australian-women-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uaw-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-journal-of-the-union-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-fighting-for\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-re-panhellenic-womens-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-union-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-new-south-wales-branch-deposit-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oke-marjorie-1911-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barbara-curthoys-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ted-and-eva-bacon-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tom-and-mary-wright-collection-deposit-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-wright-interviewed-by-richard-raxworthy-in-the-labor-council-of-new-south-wales-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-fisher-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/u-a-w-news-union-of-australian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tom-and-mary-wright-collection-deposit-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-federal-office-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-new-south-wales-branch-deposit-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-papers-relating-to-the-employment-of-women-in-australia-ca-1942-1982-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barbara-curthoys-interviews-with-members-of-the-union-of-australian-women-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-wright-papers-1937-1990\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "League of Women Voters Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0116", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/league-of-women-voters-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The League of Women Voters Victoria began in August 1945 when three women's organisations agreed to combine: the Victorian Women's Citizens Movement, the League of Women Voters, and Women for Canberra. The first President of the League was Mrs Julia Rapke JP OBE.\nThe League aims to encourage people, young and old, to regard their vote as a privilege and a right, to be exercised seriously.\nEach year there are three events held, two marking important milestones for Victorian women voters and a seminar to encourage young women to get to know women politicians:\n- March 31, 1909 when Victorian women first gained the right to vote in State elections, and\n- May 12, 1924 when Victorian were first able to stand for the Victorian Parliament.\n- Young Women's Leadership Seminar held at Parliament House, organised by the Parliament's Education Office.\nThe Bessie Mabel Rischbeith Memorial Trust is conducted under the auspices of the League as a tribute to a remarkable Australian woman.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-great-idea-peace-and-women-politicians-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-sphere-a-summary-of-the-movement-for-womens-electoral-reform-and-representation-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reports-1978-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pethybridge-eva-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza-harrison\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1948-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Women Voters", "Entry ID": "AWE0117", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-women-voters\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "Formed in 1921, became The Australian Federation of Women Voters in 1924. The Federation were early advocates of women's rights at state, federal and international levels. The Federation was comprised of affiliated State Leagues including New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-great-idea-peace-and-women-politicians-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-ruby-rich\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-women-voters-non-party-silver-jubilee-1921-1948-eighth-triennial-australian-conference-melbourne-october-25-30-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-bessie-rischbieth-picture-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polite-lobbying-the-australian-federation-of-women-voters-and-its-allies-in-the-australian-post-war-womens-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopedia-of-women-and-leadership-in-twentieth-century-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ruby-rich-1906-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-ruby-rich-1943-1948-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-association-of-women-records-ca-1930-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-association-of-women-further-records-1930-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pethybridge-eva-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-women-voters-1920-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-viola-smith-further-papers-1957-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eleanor-m-hinder-papers-1837-1963-together-with-the-papers-of-a-viola-smith-ca-1850-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1937-1951-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1948-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "EMILY's List Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0124", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/emilys-list-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "EMILY's List Australia is a national organisation aimed at getting more progressive Labor women elected to Parliament. Based on a model established in the United States in 1986 by Democrat women, EMILY's List Australia identifies talented Labor women seeking election and supports them with funding, campaign advice, skills and information.\nThe founders of EMILY's list recognised that money spent early in the campaign is often the most important support a candidate can have when heading into an election. Consequently, the 'Emily' in EMILY's List, is not a name, but an acronym standing for 'Early Money is Like Yeast' - it makes the dough rise.\nEMILY's List provides financial, training and mentoring support to endorsed candidates in State and Federal election campaigns. It currently has over 2000 members, and Action Groups in each State and Territory.\nSource: http:\/\/www.emilyslist.org.au\/\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women's Trust", "Entry ID": "AWE0126", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-trust\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Women's Trust (VWT) was established in 1985 with a gift from the state government to the women of Victoria, in acknowledgement of their contribution to Victoria's history and achievements. Now independent of government, it operates as both a philanthropic organisation and lobby group that champions the rights and entitlements of women.\n", "Details": "As part of Victoria's 150th anniversary celebrations in 1982, $1 million was allocated to Victorian women in recognition of their contribution to the State. Though the Victorian Premier, the Hon. John Cain, announced that the money would be used for a women's centre in the city of Melbourne, it soon became apparent that funds would not stretch to cover the purchase and upkeep of a city building and plans were abandoned in favour of a women's trust fund. A specially appointed Implementation Committee fought hard to ensure that the Trust would be administered by an all-female board. They received strong support from the Hon. Joan Kirner and other female Labor caucus members. The establishment of the Victorian Women's Trust in 1985 represented a departure from the traditional philanthropic foundation in several important ways: the Trust was government-funded, it was run by and for women, and none of the women involved in its establishment were wealthy benefactors. The original trustees of the VWT were the Hon. Mrs. Justice Peg Lusink, Heather O'Connor, Joan Baird, Jenny Florence, Fran Kelly, Jenny McGuirk, Loula Roudopoulos and Jean Tom.\nEarly projects supported by the VWT focused particularly on assisting Victorian women to attain economic independence, but they also included inventive schemes such as the Women's Garage at Ceres, equipping women with mechanical skills, or Oozzing Juices, a women's drama group that performed in metropolitan housing estates and regional community venues. The emphasis on community involvement was strong from the outset. By August 1998, the VWT was launching its Purple Sage Project with the aim of gathering community groups for discussion around the politics of the day. At a time when companies were downsizing and the free market philosophy was dominating, the project offered a much-needed opportunity for communities to speak out about their concerns. 600 group leaders were appointed around Victoria, and findings were presented to the government. In recent years, the Trust launched another large-scale project of vital importance with Watermark, encouraging community discussion to raise awareness about Australia's dangerous water shortage.\nWith the Stegley Foundation and the Reichstein Foundation, the VWT founded a Women's Donor Network in Melbourne. By the mid-1990s, this network had become Women in Philanthropy (WIP), an advocacy and discussion group with the aim of directing philanthropic funds toward women and girls. In recent years, WIP has been revived once more as the Women Donors Network under the direction of Eve Mahlab. The VWT operates multiple projects, dispensing something in the order of $100,000 annually. It relies upon philanthropic support from Victorian women. Recent programs include a Women's Circus Workshop for women with histories of physical, sexual and emotional abuse; the Purple Room Support Service, offering mentoring and employment advice for young people who have completed custodial sentences; and the Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, sponsoring a women's human rights worker to undertake legal casework for asylum seeker women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-activism-and-altruism-in-australian-womens-philanthropy-1880-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creative-philanthropy-toward-a-new-philanthropy-for-the-twenty-first-century\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ordinary-women-extraordinary-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-water-mark-australians-making-a-difference-in-water-reform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-purple-sage-project\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-gift-women-philanthropists-in-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1975-2001-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Office of Women's Policy", "Entry ID": "AWE0127", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-womens-policy\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Government department", "Summary": "The Office of Women's Policy, located in the Department of Premier and Cabinet provides strategic policy advice to the Victorian Government on issues of concern to women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Tasmania", "Entry ID": "AWE0128", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-tasmania\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Government department", "Summary": "Women Tasmania is a division of the Department of Premier and Cabinet. Previously known as the Office of the Status of Women (Tasmania) it was established in 1990 to ensure that the needs and concerns of the women of Tasmania are reflected in Government policy making.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Working Women's Centre, Tasmania", "Entry ID": "AWE0132", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-tasmania\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Tasmania, Australia", "Summary": "The Working Women's Centre is a Statewide information, support advocacy and referral service for the working women of Tasmania\n", "Details": "The Working Women's Centre provides assistance on a one-to-one basis, and conducts information sessions on a wide range of issues including:\n\u2022 Pay and leave entitlements\n\u2022 Redundancy\n\u2022 Occupational health and safety\n\u2022 Unfair dismissal\n\u2022 Flexible work arrangements\n\u2022 Superannuation\n\u2022 Maternity leave\n\u2022 Traineeships\n\u2022 Employment contracts\n\u2022 Discrimination and harassment\n\u2022 Worker's compensation\n\u2022 Enterprise bargaining\n\u2022 Workplace bullying\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre-tasmania-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/working-womens-centre\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Pay Equity Coalition", "Entry ID": "AWE0143", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-pay-equity-coalition\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The National Pay Equity Coalition took up the struggle for equal pay for women, intervening in national wage cases in the 1980s and 1990s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Action Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0152", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-action-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Action Committee grew out of initial meetings held by Dr Zelda D'Aprano, Alva Geikie and Thelma Solomon in 1970. WAC's campaigns highlighted the inequality of women's pay scales by paying only 75% of the fares when riding on public transport. WAC incorporated itself into the growing Melbourne women's liberation movement in mid 1972.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daprano-zelda-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Nursing Mothers' Association Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0158", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-nursing-mothers-association-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "Originally named the Nursing Mothers' Association the extra A for Australia was added in 1969 to reflect the national nature as the Association grew.\nEstablished at a time when formula feeding was seen as modern and fashionable and viewed as being as good as, if not better than breastfeeding.\n", "Details": "Established in 1964 by Mary Paton and five of her friends - Jan Barry, Glenise Francis, Pat Paterson, Pauline Pick and Sue Woods, with the idea of breast feeding mothers supporting each other.\nThe association commenced at a time when censorship restrictions would not allow words such as 'breast', 'pregnant' or 'nipple' in public print or on the airwaves. The Postmaster General's Department (part of which is now known as Telstra) would not allow the word 'breastfeeding' to be printed in the telephone directory. The name Nursing Mothers' Association was decided upon as it combined the ideas of breastfeeding and nurturing.\nBy 1965, the Constitution and the NMA Code of Ethics were adopted, as well as a counsellor training system being introduced. And publications Increasing Your Supply, Survival Plan and Toddlers' Activities being produced in 1968. The Increasing Your Supply booklet was later translated into Greek - reflecting the changing makeup of the Australian society.\nIn 1976 the first breastfeeding Helpline was established in Melbourne, with trained volunteer Breastfeeding counsellors, taking calls day and night.\nMembers of the Association voted in May 2001 for a change of name to the Australian Breastfeeding Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1964-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nursing-mothers-association-of-australia-records-1969-2004-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Breastfeeding Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0159", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-breastfeeding-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "Founded in Melbourne Victoria in 1964 as the Nursing Mothers Association. In 2001 the Association members voted for the name change to Australian Breastfeeding Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1964-1997-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "International Women's Year National Advisory Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0171", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-year-national-advisory-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The federal government (Whitlam) appointed the International Women's Year National Advisory Committee to oversee the distribution of government funding for projects between 1974 and 1976 associated with the United Nations-proclaimed International Year of Women (1975). Australia's activities for the International Year of Women were also supported by a secretariat under Elizabeth Reid, the women's advisor to the Prime Minister. Reid also convened the committee. Membership included Ruby Hammond, Irene Greenwood, Caroline Jones, Margaret Whitlam and Shirley Castley. \nThe committee attracted criticism from some activists in the Women's Liberation movement over spending priorities. However, seed and grant funding assisted the development of many important organizations and publications including the Working Women's Centre and Dr Kay Daniels's Women in Australia An Annotated Guide to Records.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-advisory-committee-files-single-number-series-with-w-nac-womens-national-advisory-committee-or-nac-prefix\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-relating-to-international-womens-day\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0184", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom was formed at a congress in Zurich in May 1919. Its genesis stemmed from a joint tour of the USA by British suffragist Emmeline Pethwick-Lawrence and Hungarian feminist Rosika Shwimmer in 1914. In 1915, the Sisterhood for Peace (SIP) was formed in Melbourne, and in 1919 SIP members travelled to attend the conference in Zurich. SIP then reconstituted itself as the Australian section of the WILPF. Its headquarters remained in Victoria when WILPF branches were later established in New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. The Australian section was formally separated from the Victorian branch in 1920.\nAside from campaigning for international disarmament and an end to all war, WILPF has taken action on a wide range of social justice issues.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/left-wing-ladies-the-union-of-australian-women-in-victoria-1950-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-quest-for-peace-as-i-have-known-it-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-i-l-p-f-bulletin-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-n-s-w-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-fighting-for\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1942-1996-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-vivienne-abraham-1938-1989-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1941-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-meredith-stokes-circa-1970-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-anna-vroland-1947-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-1915-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-talks-with-grant-stone\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-information-relating-to-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-wa-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pethybridge-eva-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-australian-section-1943-2014-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-queensland-branch-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-n-s-w-branch-records-1960-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1952-1982-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irina-dunn-papers-ca-1980-1984-with-papers-collected-relating-to-early-feminists-1873-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-n-s-w-branch-further-records-1960-1992-together-with-the-records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-australian-section\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Jessie Street National Women's Library", "Entry ID": "AWE0187", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-street-national-womens-library\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Jessie Street National Women's Library is a specialist library which aims to promote awareness of the cultural heritage of Australian women. It includes a library and archival collection which focus on issues of importance to women, as well as documenting the lives and experiences of women. Its collection of books was founded by a donation of 500 feminist books. The collection now includes feminist journals, an oral history collection, fiction, posters and archival materials.\n", "Details": "Street address: Ultimo Community Centre 523-525 Harris Street Ultimo (crn Harris & William Henry Streets)\nPostal address: GPO Box 2656 Sydney NSW 2001\nTel: (02) 9571 5359\nEmail: info@nationalwomenslibrary.org\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-jessie-street-national-womens-library\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-fleming-arnot-personal-and-professional-papers-1890-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irina-dunn-further-papers-1943-1994\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Olive Pink Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0188", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/olive-pink-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Olive Pink Society was formed in 1988 and works to address issues of race and gender in anthropology. It publishes the Bulletin of the Olive Pink Society.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bulletin-of-the-olive-pink-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rw-boden-work-files-and-reports-relating-to-olive-pink-and-the-olive-pink-society\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Women's Consultative Council", "Entry ID": "AWE0189", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-womens-consultative-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The federal government replaced the National Women's Advisory Council with the National Women's Consultative Council in 1984. The NWCC produced its last report in December 1992 and in late 1993 it was replaced by the Australian Council for Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-the-national-womens-consultative-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-joyce-mcconnell-1960-1989-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-womens-consultative-council-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speech-by-bob-hawke-to-national-womens-consultative-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-relating-to-international-womens-day\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-relating-to-womens-movement-organisations\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Organisations Conference", "Entry ID": "AWE0191", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-organisations-conference\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Conference", "Summary": "AWOC is a conference for representatives of Australian women's organisations. It replaced the traditional 'Pre-Round Tables' which were generally held on the days preceding the National Women's Round Table (NWRT). It brings the input of organisations not participating in the NWRT to that forum.\nThe inaugural AWOC was organised by the National Women's Justice Coalition, the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia, Women's Electoral Lobby Australia and the YWCA, with program input from representatives of national women's organisations on Pamela's List.\nSources: http:\/\/www.nwjc.org.au\/pamelaslist.htm and http:\/\/www.capow.org.au\/AWOC\/story.htm\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Office for Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0192", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-for-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Government department", "Summary": "The Office for Women (previously the Office of the Status of Women) works to mainstream women's issues in Australian society and internationally. Its work with governments, the women's sector, and the broader community is focused on three priority areas:\n\nReducing violence against women \nWomen's equal place in society \nEconomic Independence.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recording-of-a-women-writers-forum-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/osw-office-of-the-status-of-women-third-national-womens-consultative-concil-jessie-street-trust-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-council-for-women-acw-collection-njsn_ac-005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/subject-index-cards-alphabetical-series-relating-to-the-office-of-the-status-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/file-registration-and-movement-cards-relating-to-the-office-of-the-status-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patricia-brennan-records-relating-to-movement-for-the-ordination-of-women-sydney-1974-2009\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "CAPOW!", "Entry ID": "AWE0193", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/capow\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's organisation", "Summary": "CAPOW! is a networking coalition for women's non-government organisations (NGOs) in Australia Since its foundation in 1992 at a WEL national conference CAPOW! has played a major role in developing cooperative ventures and mechanisms across the women's movement. It held twice-yearly face-to-face meetings for this purpose.\nCAPOW! helped coordinate NGO forums to facilitate submissions to the federal government and the United Nations World Conference on Women in Beijing, (September 1995). It has since worked to follow up the commitments made by the Government and NGOs at Beijing, and continues to encourage women's' NGOs to make submissions to the government.\nBy 1996 the CAPOW network linked more than sixty national women's organisations and served to improve information flow and coordination of advocacy in international as well as domestic spheres.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-honour-roll-b\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-constitutional-convention-1997-1998-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pamela's List", "Entry ID": "AWE0198", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pamelas-list\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Pamelas-list was a private email list for representatives of Australian national women's peak organisations and regional women's organisations not represented nationally. The list was a primary vehicle for high level, day to day information exchange and coordination by women's organisations in Australia.\nThe list was first convened by the National Women's Justice Coalition in July 1998 with financial assistance from the Pamela Denoon Trust. The list is named to honour the life and work of Pamela Denoon.\nPamela's vision for the advancement of women in Australia included the hope that Australian women's organisations would, over time, work more closely together and be more supportive of each others issues and priorities.\nWith over 65 organisations participating, the store of messages posted to the list will be a unique resource for research in future years. The National Library of Australia has recently agreed to store the archive of pamelas-list on an embargoed basis.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Office of Women's Affairs", "Entry ID": "AWE0199", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-womens-affairs\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "Formed under the leadership of Sara Dowse, the Office of Women's Affairs (OWA) was the bureaucratic support unit of the women's adviser to the Prime Minister, a position created in 1973 under the Whitlam Labour government. OWA became the state apparatus through which many Australian feminists worked to achieve measures of women's advancement in equal employment opportunity, legislation and law reform, health funding, refuges, childcare, arts and sport, media representations and school curricula.\nThe OWA played an important role in securing government funding for women's services. The Office was originally located in the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. However, in 1977, under the Fraser Liberal government, bureaucrats announced the Office was to move to the Department of Home Affairs, representing a significant loss of status given Home Affairs was ranked 26th out of 27 ministries in seniority. Dowse resigned over this move, having always argued for the importance of having the Office located in the chief policy-making agency of the government (Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet). The Office (by then called the Office of the Status of Women) was restored to the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet in 1983 when Labour returned to office; prominent feminist academic Anne Summers was then appointed its head.\nSources: Sawer, M. 1996 and Caine, B. 1998\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/femocrats-and-ecorats-womens-policy-machinery-in-australia-canadaand-new-zealand\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interdepartmental-working-group-on-womens-affairs-report-of-task-force-on-migrant-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-elizabeth-reid-1963-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sara-dowse-1958-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cabinet-documents-for-the-office-of-womens-affairs-single-number-series-with-alphabetical-prefix\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Graduate Women Victoria Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0213", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/graduate-women-victoria-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, University club\/society, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "Established in 1922 to co-ordinate social, intellectual and fund-raising activities, the Victorian Women Graduates' Association was formed as a forum through which University women could express their views and aimed to promote women's independent research. By 1928, membership of the Association had reached 300. An Endowment Fund was established to assist women students, and the Association held several conferences.\nIn 2009, in line with resolutions of the affiliated National body, the organisation changed its name to Graduate Women Victoria, Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/garden-parties-and-politics-the-victorian-womens-graduate-association-1920-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1920-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-victorian-women-graduates-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-victorian-women-graduates-association-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-victorian-women-graduates-association-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-victorian-women-graduates-association-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-victorian-women-graduates-association-mildura-branch\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0215", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, Australia", "Occupations": "University club\/society, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Australian Federation of University Women (AFUW) was initiated in 1920, and formally established at the inaugural conference held in Sydney in September 1922. In December 2009 the AFUW changed its name to the Australian Federation of Graduate Women Inc (AFGW) to better represent the broadening of the organisation's membership parameters.\nAFGW is an umbrella organisation for the state-based Federations of Graduate Women and provides a means for national organisation of these bodies working for the advancement and well-being of women and girls through education. As one of the members of the International Federation of University Women (an organisation which holds consultative status with the United Nations and its specialised agencies), AFGW has a voice through IFUW on international matters regarding protection of human rights and the status of women and girls.\nAmongst other things, the activities of the AFGW have involved the setting up of committees for special projects; the lobbying of Government departments; the presentation of submissions to Government; and the holding of conferences, originally biennially, later triennially. The AFGW also administers a number of fellowships, which are awarded to further the studies of successful applicants. Over the years, the AFGW has been involved in a number of important issues relating to the education and employment of women. Activities have included campaigns to obtain equal pay and equal employment opportunities for women and to eliminate discrimination against women in both education and the workforce.\n", "Details": "In September 1920, graduate women in Sydney formed the Sydney University Women Graduates' Association (SUWGA). Other states were quick to respond. The University of Queensland Women Graduates' Association was established at a meeting in September 1920 and the Victorian Women Graduates' Association in November 1920. During 1920-21, graduate women in South Australia and Tasmania indicated an interest in linking up with their interstate counterparts in the formation of the AFUW.\nThe AFUW was formally established at the inaugural conference held in Sydney in September 1922, which was attended by 75 women, representing every state except Western Australia. Mrs Frances Thorn of the Victorian association was elected as AFUW's first President, with Mrs Muscio elected as Vice-President. The Western Australian Association of University Women was formed in 1923 and the Canberra Association of Women Graduates in the 1944. At its peak in the 1930s, the Federation's membership was some 6500, representing the great majority of all the women university graduates then living in Australia.\nRenamed in 2009 as the Australian Federation of Graduate Women, the AFGW is a longstanding member association of the International Federation of University of Women (IFUW). Miss Louisa Macdonald and Mrs Mildred Muscio were Australian representatives at the first IFUW conference, held in London in 1920, where the aim of the International Federation was laid out in the Constitution as being 'To promote understanding and friendship between the university women of the nations of the world, and thereby to further their interests and develop between their countries sympathy and mutual helpfulness.' Over the years, the IFUW has been involved in a number of initiatives related to improving the working and living conditions of women around the world. In addition to its involvement with women's issues specific to Australia, the AFGW also adopts IFUW initiatives and applies them at a national level.\nThe version of the AFGW Constitution ratified in June 2013 sets out the following Mission, Vision and Objectives for the organisation:\nMission:\nAFGW is the national voice of graduate women working for the advancement and wellbeing of women and girls through education.\nVision:\nAFGW members view education as essential for:\n- Empowering women\n- Reducing poverty\n- Improving health\n- Supporting human rights\n- Maintaining human security\n- Building peace.\nObjectives:\nAFGW will unite graduate women in Australia to work in friendship, cooperation and understanding with each other and the IFUW network of sister graduates worldwide to:\n- Promote equitable educational opportunities and lifelong learning.\n- Improve the status and wellbeing of women and girls.\n- Encourage women and girls to be active leaders and decision makers in all spheres of public and private life.\n- Inspire and support women graduates to put their education and professional training to the service of the local, national and international community.\n- Promote the Vision of AFGW amongst all people, irrespective of their gender, age, race, nationality, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation or other status.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/by-degrees-a-history-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-1922-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bulletin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/indigenous-education-and-the-social-capital-influences-on-the-performance-of-indigenous-tertiary-students\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lifelong-learning-effecting-change-in-a-global-society-seminar-proceedings-of-the-31sttriennial-conference-adelaide-17-20-april-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-presented-at-the-diamond-jubilee-conference-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-canberra-24-29-january-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/employment-opportunities-for-women-proceedings-of-the-seminar-held-at-the-university-of-new-south-wales-on-13th-august-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/occasional-paper\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/afuw-conference-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polite-lobbying-the-australian-federation-of-women-voters-and-its-allies-in-the-australian-post-war-womens-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-joyce-mcconnell-1960-1989-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mayo-family-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-street-circa-1914-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-elma-sandford-morgan-sound-recording-interviewer-aileen-bond\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-helen-crisp-1939-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-graduate-women-1922-2012-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eleanor-m-hinder-papers-1837-1963-together-with-the-papers-of-a-viola-smith-ca-1850-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-m-m-sherrard-papers-ca-1918-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-university-women-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-signed-by-helen-keller-to-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-and-book-entitled-the-silent-storm-a-story-of-annie-sullivan-and-helen-keller-by-marion-marsh-brown-and-ruth-crone\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Graduates' Association, Geelong Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0216", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-graduates-association-geelong-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist, Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Women Graduates' Association, Geelong Branch resolved to disband on 15 September 1981. A belated \"coffee party\" was announced for 6 May 1982 of the \"Geelong Graduates' Group, ex A.F.U.W. - Geelong\" to reminisce, plan for the future and discuss commitment to the Deakin Foundation.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-victoria-7\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Graduates' Association, Mildura Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0217", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-graduates-association-mildura-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Mildura, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Mildura Branch of the Victorian Women Graduates' Association was formed in July 1949 and existed until 7 March 1979.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0219", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria was founded in 1887 when the 12 existing local branches in Melbourne suburbs and regional Victoria joined together to form a Colonial Union. It is primarily dedicated to promoting total abstinence from alcohol and other harmful drugs and all members sign a pledge to this effect. Under its broader agenda of 'home protection' and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and in its belief that the dangers of alcohol could not be tackled in isolation, the WCTU has pursued a very wide-ranging reform agenda mostly relating to the welfare of women and children. Importantly, influenced by its sister organisation in the United States, the Union became a major supporter of the campaign for women's suffrage in Australia as it was believed that power at the ballot box was the only way to achieve their goals. While at its most influential in the years up to WWI, the movement continues today.\n", "Details": "The first local Union was established in Victoria in 1885 and the movement grew rapidly. The Victorian Union was founded largely due to the efforts of Marie Kirk and the Rev. Philip Moses who arranged the first Organising Conference in 1887. The foundation president was Mary Love, who had been a member of the Union in the United States prior to her move to Melbourne in 1886. At its first Annual Convention in 1888, the Union outlined its operational agenda of 'Organisation, Preventive Work, Social Work and Educational Work.' By 1891 it had 57 branches.\nBy 1890 the Victorian Union had also committed itself to the suffrage cause: passing a resolution that:\n'As men and women are alike in having to obey the laws \u2026 they should also be equal in electing those who make the laws; and, further, that the ballot in the hands of women would be a safeguard to the home, in which the interests of women are paramount, and as what is good for the home is also good for the State, the enfranchisement of women would be conducive to the highest national welfare.'\nIn 1891 the Union sent a deputation to the Premier who responded cautiously that in order for him to take any action on the matter there would need to be united and representative agitation on the part of women. The Union thus approached the other two suffrage societies to discuss combined action. It was decided to launch a vigorous effort to gather signatures for a petition. They began a massive door knocking campaign which captured much attention. Never before had such large numbers of women taken to the streets in common cause. 30,000 signatures were collected and presented to parliament. The Union was instrumental in the formation of the Victorian Woman's Suffrage League in 1894.\nThe Union has also been involved in a range of other issues and causes. It was one of the first four groups to affiliate with the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902. From its inception, the Union became concerned with children's welfare. It campaigned for reforms in the 'boarding-out' system and the appointment of inspectors and the raising of the age of consent for girls from 12 to 16 years. In 1909 it established Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria Kindergarten in Richmond, with an associated School for Mothers which held lectures by doctors and had visiting nurses. This was the first such institution in the State and was a forerunner of Baby Health Centres. The Kindergarten closed in 1953, but was reopened as an Occupational Centre for Mentally Retarded Children. From its earliest years it has also run a children's branch, the Loyal Temperance Union.\nFrom its earliest days, the Union has also been interested in the welfare of working-class 'girls', forming Clubs for Girls and offering affordable accommodation and meals at various hostels and its headquarters.\nOther issues tackled by its various Departments of Work included prison reform, Aboriginal welfare, sex education, film censorship, early childhood education, peace and arbitration. In recent years, the WCTU has turned its attention to drug education, anti-smoking and gambling strategies and to the campaign against drink-driving.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forward-in-faith-an-historical-record-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-covering-the-years-1947-1973\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-convention-reports-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/post-war-women-reformers-and-aboriginal-citizenship-rehearsing-an-old-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reading-the-silences-suffrage-activists-and-race-in-nineteenth-century-settler-societies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/religion-and-public-life-catholic-women-for-this-world-and-the-next\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonising-motherhood-evangelical-social-reformers-and-koorie-women-in-victoria-australia-1880s-to-the-early-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sex-education-debates-and-the-modest-mother-in-australia-1890s-to-the-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temperance-christianity-and-feminism-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-1887-97\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mission-to-the-home-the-housewives-association-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-and-protestant-christianity-1920-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-of-australias-daughters-an-autobiography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-jubilee-1887-1937\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-god-home-and-humanity-a-history-of-the-geelong-city-union-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-1888-to-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-peace-department-and-local-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oral-evidence-presented-on-behalf-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-to-a-board-of-inquiry-into-the-operation-of-the-liquor-control-act-1968-at-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-sacred-trust-cecilia-downing-baptist-faith-and-feminist-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-good-that-we-can-do-cecilia-downing-and-feminist-christian-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christian-women-and-changing-concepts-of-citizenship-rights-and-responsibilities-in-interwar-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prowlers-in-the-darkened-cinema-australian-church-womens-associations-and-the-arrival-of-the-motion-picture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-citizens-of-the-new-nation-reading-some-visual-evidence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-18\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-white-ribbon-signal-official-organ-of-the-womans-temperance-union-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/youth-book-of-citizenship-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-busy-womans-home-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temperate-feminists-marie-kirk-and-the-wctu\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-inc-community-organisation-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women (Western Australia) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0222", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-western-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Western Australian Association of University Women came into being in 1923, with Dr. Roberta Jull as first president. According to its 1965 constitution the objectives of the Association were: a) to act as an organisation which affords opportunity for the expression of opinion and for concerted action by university women in matters of common interest; b) to co-operate through the Australian Federation of University Women with the International Federation of University Women which exists for the promotion of scholarship, understanding and friendship among the university women of the world without discrimination as to race, colour, religion or political opinion.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-university-women-western-australia-inc-records-1923-2003-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australian-association-of-university-women-later-australian-federation-of-university-women-w-a-records-1957-2003-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Eureka Youth League", "Entry ID": "AWE0227", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Eureka Youth League was formed in 1941 with the aim of supporting the war effort while protecting the rights and conditions of women, youth and juveniles in industry.\nBy October 1942 the State Council of the League had announced its intention to 'draw into its ranks the clearest thinking youth of our generation. We aim to help the labour movement win the youth for the advance to the new socialist order and to train our members to be honest, clear thinking and energic builders of the new socialist order.'\nPost-war the League acted as an educational, social and political organisation, one highlight being the organisation of the Youth Carnival for Peace in 1952.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anniversary-song-book\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blake-audrey-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eureka-youth-league-7\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Music Fund", "Entry ID": "AWE0239", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-music-fund\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The aim of the Australian Women's Music Fund is to assist women composers achieve their goals. Royalties from the disc Meditations on a Chinese Character by Anne Boyd, produced by ABC Classic in 1997, support the fund.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools of Victoria - Invergowrie Homecraft Hostel", "Entry ID": "AWE0264", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Toorak, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Invergowrie Homecraft Hostel was established as the Homecraft Hostel in 1929 by the Association of Headmistresses of Independent Schools of Victoria (now the Association of Independent Girls Schools of Victoria). Their aims were two-fold: to provide girls on leaving school with a practical home-training; and to establish home and institutional management as a recognised profession for women. Mrs May Isabel Weatherly was the first Principal 1929-38, followed by Margaret Ellen Kirkhope 1938-1967 and Judith Secombe 1968-73. Administration of the school passed to the Invergowrie Council, formed from the Invergowrie Past Students Association, in 1967, when the Headmistresses Association no longer wished to run the Hostel. Dwindling enrolments and financial difficulties forced the Hostel's closure in 1973\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Details": "formerly Association of Headmistresses of Independent Schools of Victoria\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminine-singular-a-history-of-the-association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-place-a-history-of-the-homecraft-hostel-invergowrie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/invergowrie-past-students-association-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Invergowrie Past Students Association - Invergowrie Homecraft Hostel", "Entry ID": "AWE0265", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/invergowrie-past-students-association-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Invergowrie Homecraft Hostel was established as the Homecraft Hostel in 1929 by the Association of Headmistresses of Independent Schools of Victoria (now the Association of Independent Girls Schools of Victoria).\n(Source: University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Details": "See Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools of Victoria\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminine-singular-a-history-of-the-association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-place-a-history-of-the-homecraft-hostel-invergowrie\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch), Womens' Central Organising Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0266", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-labor-party-victorian-branch-womens-central-organising-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Political party", "Summary": "At the Australian Labor Party's annual conference on 1917, the constitution was amended to establish an official committee for women. The committee was responsible for 'organising women industrially and politically'. The executive committee was elected at a conference held by the Labor women of Victoria, in March 1918.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-labor-party-executive-minutes-womens-committee-and-campaign-material\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ga1109-hon-anne-levy-member-of-parliament\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Local Government Women's Association - Victorian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0267", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Political organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Branch of the Australian Local Government Women's Association (ALGWA) was formed in 1963, after the earlier body, formed a decade earlier, had lapsed. It was particularly inspired by the belief that more women should be involved in local government partly because this arm of government was especially relevant to housewives and mothers. Phillipa Hallenstein became foundation president.\nThe Association was always non-party affiliated. Its objectives were to assist women's knowledge and understanding of local government; to protect interests and rights of women in local government; to take action on women's behalf; to encourage women to make a career in local government and to act in an advisory capacity to suitable women candidates for local government election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-jean-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-jean-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1939-1974-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Cricket Council", "Entry ID": "AWE0268", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-cricket-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Cricket Council (AWCC) first met in 1931 with delegates from New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland to promote women's cricket, make rules, arrange national tours, and annual interstate matches.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-cricket-council-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-the-australian-womens-cricket-council\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's National League", "Entry ID": "AWE0269", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-national-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Political organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's National League (AWNL) was a conservative women's organisation established in 1904 to support the monarchy and empire, to combat socialism, educate women in politics and safeguard the interests of the home, women and children. It aimed to garner the votes of newly enfranchised women for non-Labor political groups espousing free trade and anti-socialist sentiments, with considerable organisational success. At its peak, it was the largest and arguably the most influential women's organisation in the country. By 1914 the AWNL claimed 52,000 members in three states. Closely associated with the United Australia Party, the financial and organisational support of the League was a key factor in the foundation of the Australian Liberal Party in 1944. At this point, the majority of members reconstituted themselves as the Women's Section of the Liberal Party. The League continued in a much reduced state.\n", "Details": "The initial impetus for the formation of the Australian Women's National League came from moves by the Victorian Employers Federation in 1903 to form a conservative women's political organisation. Janet Lady Clarke was approached to sponsor this new group and held a meeting of three hundred women at her home in August 1903 to discuss forming an organisation. Nothing definite emerged, however, until the following year when another meeting, organised by Clarke's sister, Evan Hughes, was held at the Melbourne Town Hall in March 1904. A provisional committee was elected and the following month the League was formally established and Janet Lady Clarke was appointed first president.\nThroughout its existence the Leagues aims were:\n\u2022 \"Loyalty to the Throne\n\u2022 To counteract Socialist tendencies\n\u2022 To educate the Women of Victoria to realise their political responsibilities\n\u2022 To Safeguard the Interests of the Home, Women and Children.\"\nNumerous suburban and country branches were subsequently formed. From 1909, the League's activities were extensively documented in its journal The Woman. An issue which attracted the early attention of the League, apart from combating left-wing politics was the provision of domestic science education for girls in schools and the establishment of domestic science as a university course. From 1905-1945 the League organised the Empire Day celebrations in Melbourne. During World War I The Woman acted as a rallying point for women in Melbourne. It encouraged women to cultivate medicinal herbs and plants, to make garments and towels for fund-raising stalls, to donate old linen, blankets, towels, bandages, toiletries and pipes to the Red Cross Society and gave advice on 'rural industries for women': poultry farming, gardening and even pig raising. After the war, the League's activities expanded considerably into the areas of women's and children's welfare. In 1918, the League inaugurated 'Baby Week' in Melbourne, which included the exhibition of healthy babies from charitable homes, displays of baby foods, pure milk and sample diets, and lectures by doctors and nurses. This led to the formation of advisory centres which contributed to the establishment of Baby Health centres and pure milk supplies in Victoria. From 1906 it ran classes in public speaking, debating and branch work for its members.\nThe League was initially very much committed to the belief that men and women had different, 'natural' spheres of interest and activity. Although working to provide a voice for women's specific concerns and offering some political influence for women, the League did not support the idea of women taking on political leadership. It was not until the 1920s that it endorsed the entry of women into parliament.\nBoth its important place in conservative politics, and its strong commitment to representing women's interests, are evident in its role in the formation of the Australian Liberal Party. In return for the support of their membership and considerable financial backing, the AWNL obtained two key undertakings from Robert Menzies: there was to be equal gender representation throughout the Liberal Party, and that the AWNL be permitted to continue within the new party's structure, as the Women's Section. Most League members thus left to form this new section of the Liberal Party. Some members, however, felt strongly that it was important for women to retain autonomous organisations and they continued the League in its original form although with greatly reduced numbers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-influence-the-first-fifty-years-of-women-in-the-liberal-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-national-league-a-theoretical-and-historical-reconsideration\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alfred-deakin-and-the-australian-womens-national-league\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/most-eminent-woman-lady-janet-clarke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-sacred-trust-cecilia-downing-baptist-faith-and-feminist-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-dolls-house-women-in-the-public-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-good-that-we-can-do-cecilia-downing-and-feminist-christian-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conservative-feminism-in-australia-a-case-study-of-feminist-ideology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conservative-female-endeavour-the-australian-womens-national-league-1904-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-australian-womens-national-league\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constitution-of-the-australian-womens-national-league\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-national-league-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-place-women-and-politics-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homefires-and-housewives-women-war-and-the-politics-of-consumption\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eva-hughes-militant-conservative\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-national-league-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-and-history-1920-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-elizabeth-may-ramsay-couchman-1913-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-dame-ivy-wedgwood-1928-1972-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-national-league-geelong-branch\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Florence Nightingale Committee of Australia, Victorian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0274", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-nightingale-committee-of-australia-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Florence Nightingale Committee of Australia, Victorian Branch was initially formed c.1934 at the request of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation, London. It joined other committees in South and Western Australia. All state branches went into recess during World War II but reformed after the war. In December 1946 two representatives from each state branch met with reps. from the RANF Federal body and the Australian Red Cross Society to form a National Florence Nightingale Committee. The aims of the Victorian Branch were to co-ordinate post graduate education of nurses by funding scholarships, develop educational facilities and the Royal College of Nursing Australia. \n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-nightingale-committee-of-australia-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/florence-nightingale-committee-of-australia-victorian-branch-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brighton Ladies Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0279", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brighton-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Society was formed at a meeting on 18 March 1863, held at the request of the Brighton Municipal Council, of the Brighton representatives on the Committee of the St. Kilda and Brighton Ladies Benevolent Society. Its chief object was to 'relieve the wants of the poor, especially females'. The Society continues to assist in cases of hardship referred by government and other agencies.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brighton-ladies-benevolent-society-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brighton-ladies-benevolent-society-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brighton-ladies-benevolent-society-4\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Committee of University Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0286", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/committee-of-university-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "University club\/society", "Summary": "The Committee consisted of undergraduate representatives of the Faculties, one member representing the Professors' wives and another representing the University staff. It arranged social functions to raise money for the University.\n(Source: Historical Note University of Melbourne Archives)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-melbourne-committee-of-university-women\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Invergowrie Foundation", "Entry ID": "AWE0322", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invergowrie-foundation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Invergowrie Foundation is a public charitable trust. The primary focus of the Foundation is to promote and advance the education of girls and women within Victoria. The Foundation is administered by twelve Trustees. They are responsible for maintaining the assets and distributing annually the surplus funds to promote and advance education in Victoria.\n", "Details": "The history of The Invergowrie Foundation began in the post-war years of the 1920's with considerable interest among educationalists in raising the status of domestic work. In 1925, the Head Mistresses' Association established a committee, chaired by Miss Hilda Daniell, Principal of Ruyton, and including the principals of five other leading independent girls' schools - Lauriston, Rosbercon, Clyde, Stratherene and Queen's - to consider the feasibility of setting up a homecraft (or 'housecraft') hostel. Four years later, Lady Somers opened the Hostel, in Malvern Road Toorak, for students to be instructed in the art of Cookery, Household Management, Home Hygiene, Child Welfare, Laundry and Needlework.\nMoney, or the lack of it, was a major concern for the Hostel in those early days, as the first principal of the Hostel, Mrs May Weatherly, admitted with engaging frankness in 1933. Assistance was given, she recalled in her speech day report, by the \"lovely generosity\" of an anonymous donor. Some months later the same benefactor, Mr William E. McPherson and his sisters, presented their magnificent family home, 'Invergowrie,' to the Head Mistresses' Association for the use of the Hostel. Thus it was in 1934 that the Hostel was relocated to 'Invergowrie' in Coppin Grove, Hawthorn.\nThe new and larger premises enabled the education of full-time students, some of whom were in residence, as well as a number of part-time students. The first of its kind, the Hostel provided a course of domestic training for girls under conditions similar to those 'in the natural setting of the home.' Over 2000 students graduated from Invergowrie before the Governors decided to close the Hostel in 1973, due to the emergence of new educational pathways for young women and their impact on enrolments and the financial viability of the Hostel.\nIn 1992, the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools of Victoria (formerly the Head Mistresses' Association) sold the 'Invergowrie' property and The Invergowrie Foundation was established. The proceeds of that sale were invested through a Trust and each year monies are made available for educational purposes, the primary focus of the Foundation being to promote and advance the education of girls and women within the State of Victoria.\nIn 2006, the Foundation had approximately 90 members.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-place-a-history-of-the-homecraft-hostel-invergowrie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminine-singular-a-history-of-the-association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-heads-of-independent-girls-schools-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/invergowrie-past-students-association-invergowrie-homecraft-hostel-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors", "Entry ID": "AWE0325", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-and-sculptors\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Melbourne Society of Women Painters and Sculptors was founded in 1902 by women who had been students at the Art School of the National Gallery of Victoria, to provide a forum for artistic discussion and an opportunity to view and comment on each other's work.\nOriginally named the Students' Art Club, it became \"Woomballana\" (meaning either 'everlasting beauty' or 'search for beauty') Art Club, The Women's Art Club, the Melbourne Society of Women Painters and finally, in 1954, the present title was adopted.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-just-gumtrees-a-personal-social-and-artistic-history-of-the-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-and-sculptors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-and-sculptors-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/news-bulletin-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-and-sculptors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-and-sculptors-1901-1980-a-survey-of-exhibiting-members-9-march-20-april-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brief-history-from-1901-1959-compiled-from-old-minutes-and-reports\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constitution\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-and-exhibition-rules\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-exhibition-melbourne-society-of-women-painters-sculptors\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1904-1995-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS)", "Entry ID": "AWE0387", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-royal-australian-naval-service-wrans\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) was established in April 1941 when the Royal Australian Navy enrolled 14 women at HMAS Harman, the wireless telegraphy station near Canberra. It was a non-combat branch of the Royal Australian Navy that, like many of its sister services created during the Second World War, alleviated manpower shortages resulting from men being assigned to combat roles.\nWRANS performed a variety of duties, including working as telegraphists, coders and clerks; but also as drivers, education officers, mechanics, harbour messengers, cooks and sickberth attendants. They worked for intelligence organisations and as domestic staff at Government House, Yarralumla.\nThe Service was temporarily disbanded in 1948, but was re-formed in 1951 to help the RAN cope with manpower shortages. By 1959 the organisation was incorporated as a non-combatant (and thus non-seagoing) part of the permanent naval forces.\nWomen were permitted to serve aboard Australian naval ships in 1983, which meant that WRANS personnel were fully integrated into the Royal Australian Navy. This being the case, 1984 the WRANS was permanently disbanded.\n", "Details": "The Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) was initially established with 14 females trained by Florence McKenzie as wireless telegraphists. The Royal Australian Navy enrolled the first 14 girls in April 1941 at HMAS Harman Wireless Telegraphy station. Later on 1 October 1942 they were sworn into the Navy as enlisted personnel with enlisted status. This is regarded as the formal foundation date for the organisation.\nThe First Fourteen at HMAS Harman\n\nWR 1 Frances Provan\nWR 2 Joan Furley\nWR 3 Pat Ross\nWR 4 Denise Owen\nWR 5 Marion Stevens\nWR 6 June McLeod\nWR 7 Daphne Wright\nWR 8 Jess Prain\nWR 9 Joan Cade\nWR 10 Joan Hodges\nWR 11 Billie Thompson\nWR 12 Judy Alley\nWR 13 Shirley Drew\nWR 14 Elsie Colless - did not enlist in the Navy but took her discharge.\n\nFour months later the number was increased to 1000. [1]\nPatsy Adam-Smith, author of Australian Women at War, states that the service never exceeded 3000 women enlisted at one time. In the WRANS women worked as telegraphists; coders; writers (typists and clerks); transport drivers; car drivers; office orderlies; dental mechanics; cooks; sickberth attendants; stewardesses; press relations officers (which included escorting the press to sea on trials); boarding officers; almoners; dome teacher operators (visual aids used for instruction and entertainment); education officers; vocational guidance; sea transport officers; and air liaison officers (moving RAN officers and ratings to all parts of the globe). There were harbour messengers; an accountant officer; supply assistants; medical, clothing and general stores; a postmaster; a postal clerk (delivering mail to ships in port and on anchor); and watch keepers. There were WRANS working as Translation Interpreters in the Allied Translation Section of General MacArthur's main 'Order of Battle'. Some worked on the degaussing range (assessing the magnetic attraction of vessels as they crossed the degaussing range); they worked in ciphers; visual signalling; signals and communications; radio telegraphy plotting; and as messengers. Others were with the Radar Counter-measure, Allied Intelligence Bureau and Censorship Officers. They were at the Gunnery School, small arms range. One job was to handle all Safe Hand Mail for the port of Sydney, while another was to correct and issue charts to both merchant and naval ship's masters. There was an Assistant to the Staff Officer (Operations) Brisbane and another to the Director of Victualling.\nMany WRANS were engaged on technical duties of a secret nature, working long hours under exacting conditions. For many, this meant absolute silence about their work, even after demobilisation, while the end of the war meant that others were released from secrecy. While the most senior men were adamant that WRANS would not work as mechanics, they did indeed work in ordnance artificers' workshops. Several women wore WRANS uniform merely for convenience or safety against the event of their being discovered and, as a civilian, being treated as a spy. [2]\nThe last wartime WRAN was discharged in 1948 when the WRANS were disbanded, but the service was reconstituted in 1951. By 1959 the WRANS were part of the Permanent Naval Forces, but Government policy of the day was that servicewomen not be employed in combat duties, and members of the WRANS were excluded from seagoing employment.\nIn 1985 women became fully integrated into the Royal Australian Navy and the WRANS were disbanded by an Act of Parliament. [3]\n[1] Ships Belles pp. 67-70\n[2] Australian Women at war. p. 215, pp 376-377\n[3] http:\/\/www.gunplot.net\/wrans\/wrans1.htm accessed 2002-11-28\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ships-belles-the-story-of-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-in-war-and-peace-1941-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-and-world-war-ll-kit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mobilisation-of-women-into-active-services-the-yankee-invasion-how-the-war-affected-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-also-served-far-north-coast-n-s-w-ex-servicewomen-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-r-a-n-s-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/willing-volunteers-resisting-society-reluctant-navy-the-troubled-first-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archbishop-daniel-mannix-catholic-chaplain-general-of-the-australian-army-with-three-unidentified-representatives-from-the-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-womens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/members-of-the-first-wrans-officer-training-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/senior-wrans-from-hmas-harman-naval-wireless-station-at-the-fourth-birthday-of-the-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/panorama-group-portrait-of-members-of-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-wrans-at-hmas-rushcutter-and-two-navy-officers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-informal-group-of-members-of-the-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-wrans-on-the-wharf-at-garden-island\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/huie-shirley-fenton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heather-stella-starr-previously-blair-leading-telegraphist-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-interviewed-by-dr-ruth-thompson-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/enid-conley-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-curtis-otter-acting-first-officer-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-interviewed-by-dr-ruth-thompson-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC)", "Entry ID": "AWE0388", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) was established in April 1951 to help overcome a manpower shortage. During the late 1970s female soldiers began to be integrated into the Army at large and in early 1985, the WRAAC was disbanded. The last Officers' Cadet School parade (6 December 1984) on the WRAAC School parade ground saw the Officer Cadets and the WRAAC Contingent marching to the strains of \"Soldiers of the Queen\". Prior to the formal closing of the gates the WRAAC School flag was ceremoniously lowered and slow marched \"off\", to be folded and handed over to the Chief Instructor of the WRAAC School for safe keeping. The gates, which had been repainted for the occasion, were then closed by Major Diane McVicker of the WRAAC School and Mrs Gwen Ellis - sister of Colonel Best.\nThe WRAAC Prayer was also included in the ceremony:\nAlmighty God, we ask you to reveal yourself in the fullness of your love to all who reach out to you. Help us to recognise ourselves as your children. Let the day soon dawn when we will allow your love to right every wrong.\nGive us the courage and self control to play our part as members of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps to help your kingdom come on earth. Lead us in the pathway of life as your own wisdom and love see best: we are anxious only to do your will.\nWe ask you to give us the grace to rise above temptation, to be patient when tired, to be kind and helpful towards others.\nTo all members of our Army grant the special blessing that we need. Preserve us from selfishness. Bless every member of our Corps, our families and friends.\nWe come to you as children to our Father, asking these and all other blessing, in the name of Jesus Christ, Our Lord.\nAmen.\n", "Events": "An alliance between the WRAAC and the Womens Royal Army Corps (WRAC), approved by Her Majestry the Queen. (1956 - 1956) \nAnnouncement that the period of engagement (3 or 6 years) and training for women would be brought in line with their male counterparts. (1952 - 1952) \nApproval given for defining two Corps of the women's side of the ARA. 1. RAANC and 2. WAAC. (1951 - 1951) \nApproval given for the adoption by the WRAAC of a Corps flag. (1958 - 1958) \nApproval given for the enlistment of 250 personnel. (1950 - 1950) \nApproval given for the introduction of the WRAAC in to the Citizens Military Forces (CMF). (1951 - 1951) \nCabinet approved the reintroduction of the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS). The Service was to be raised as an entirely separate unit, and not integrated with the male CMF. (1950 - 1950) \nColonel Barbara Maxwell appointed Director (1977 - 1979) \nColonel Best died aged 47 years. (1957 - 1957) \nColonel Dawn Jackson appointed deputy director of WRAAC (1955 - 1957) \nColonel Dawn Jackson appointed director of WRAAC (1957 - 1972) \nColonel Dulcie Verinder appointed Head of Corps. (1979 - 1981) \nColonel Irving reappointed as Honorary Colonel (1956 - 1956) \nColonel Irving retires as Honorary Colonel. (1961 - 1961) \nColonel Kathleen Fowler appointed Director of Corps. (1972 - 1977) \nColonel Margaret Fleming appointed to replace Colonel Smith. (1982 - 1982) \nColonel Pam Smith replaces Colonel Verinder (1981 - 1982) \nColonel Sybil Irving appointed as first Honorary Colonel of WAAC. (1951 - 1961) \nDecision made to discontinue AAMWS as a separate Service. (1951 - 1951) \nFemale cadets are trained at the Royal Military College Duntroon or the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA). (1986 - 1986) \nFinal course of Recruits and Officer Cadets march out of WRAAC School. (1984 - 1984) \nFirst detachment of WRAAC on overseas duty to Singapore. Seven WRAAC posted for 12 months service with 121 Signals Squadron. (1967 - 1967) \nGraduates are no longer allocated to WRAAC, but rather to the corps in which they are to serve. (1980 - 1980) \nHer Royal Highness, The Princess Margaret, C.I., G.C.V.O. appointed by Her Majesty The Queen as Colonel-in-Chief of the WRAAC. (1953 - 1985) \nHonorary Colonel Sybil H Irving dies. (1973 - 1973) \nLady Helen Cutler appointed Honorary Colonel. (1967 - 1985) \nLieutenant Colonel Kathleen Best, a former matron of the AANS, commenced duty as the first Director at AHO. (1951 - 1957) \nLieutenant Colonel May Douglas appointed Honorary Colonel. (1961 - 1966) \nLieutenant Colonel Pam Smith appointed Service Women's Advisor to CGS. (1982 - 1982) \nLieutenant-Colonel Best was promoted to Colonel. (1952 - 1952) \nMajor Crane appointed Chief Instructor for the Officer Refresher Course. Later appointed as Chief Instructor for the Officer's Qualifying Course held for Non-Commissioned Officers who had previously been servicewomen. (1952 - 1952) \nMajor Lucy Crane appointed Assistant Director of the WAAC. (1951 - 1951) \nMarried women with children under 16 years are permitted to serve. (1974 - 1974) \nMembers of the WRAAC became eligible to contribute to the Defence Forces Retirement Benefit Fund. (1959 - 1959) \nPosting of Director abolished. (1979 - 1979) \nQueen Elizabeth 11 visited Australia. WRAAC personnel participated in events around the country. (1954 - 1954) \nSubmission made to the Military Board, with consideration being given for the reintroduction of women into the Australian Regular Army (ARA) and Citizens Military Forces (CMF) (1950 - 1950) \nThe Corps recognised as a permanent part of the Defence structure. (1959 - 1959) \nThe main gates at WRAAC School were designed and named in honour of Colonel Best - \"the Kathleen Best Memorial Gateway\". (1959 - 1959) \nThe only member of the WRAAC to serve through the entire life of the Corps was WO2 Joyce Cole (Hogan) who retired aged 60 years. WO2 was awarded the Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, Meritorious Service Medal and the Defence Force Service Medal and Bar (1985 - 1985) \nThe prefix 'Royal' granted by His Majestry King George VI, in recognition of the AWAS wartime service, thereby becoming Womens Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC). (1951 - 1951) \nWO Pat Rawlings became the first Chief Instructor for the recruit training course. (1951 - 1951) \nWRAAC and RAANC personnel participated as usherettes etc. at the Melbourne Olympic Games. (1956 - 1956) \nWRAAC members swap their buttons and badges for those of the Corps in which they served. (1983 - 1983) \nWRAAC School disbanded. Female officer cadets attend OCS Portsea. (1985 - 1985)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-of-the-queen-women-in-the-australian-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-stroll-down-memory-lane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-barbara-edwina-audrey-starrett-nee-maxwell-colonel-and-last-director-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/representations-for-grant-of-title-of-royal-to-the-womens-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/accounting-stocktake-officer-in-charges-schedules-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/training-military-general-period-of-cmf-training-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/displays-general-wraac-corps-day-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pay-and-allowances-cmf-general-additional-training-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seven-slides-from-the-opening-of-the-kathleen-best-memorial-gates-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac-school-mosman-nsw-6-november-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/establishments-and-strengths-general-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speech-by-colonel-sybil-h-irving-honorary-colonel-of-the-corps-made-at-the-opening-of-the-kathleen-best-memorial-gates-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac-school-mosman-nsw-6-november-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audit-reports-general-army-audit-reports-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-establishments-and-amendments-colleges-and-schools\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/establishments-and-strengths-general-cmf-units-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/policy-and-working-files-of-the-directorate-of-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-dwraac-of-army-headquarters-army-office%e2%86%b5policy-and-working-files-of-the-directorate-of-womens-royal-austra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raasc-supplies-expense-supplies-requests-raac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-service-canteens-organisation-records-employment-of-wraac-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-asco-australian-services-canteen-organisation-army-component\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-historical-notes-etc-from-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-school-and-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-directories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-wraac-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wraac-drill-at-queenscliff-training-company\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/operation-clean-up-dpr-tv-566\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wraac-arrive-in-singapore-dpr-tv-743\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/two-members-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac-attached-to-the-royal-australian-survey-corps-working-on-topographical-survey-maps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-minister-visits-wraac-school-dpr-tv-1513\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bomford-janette-m-b-1953\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hat-badge-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-pre-dinner-chat-for-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-wraac-officers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archbishop-daniel-mannix-catholic-chaplain-general-of-the-australian-army-with-three-unidentified-representatives-from-the-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-womens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/private-pam-armstrong-of-the-womens-australian-army-corps-wraac-12-company-works-over-a-large-oven-by-using-a-butterbox\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-canteen-at-the-australian-army-canteens-service-soldiers-club-royal-military-college-duntroon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collar-badge-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-best-memorial-gates-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-best-memorial-gates-and-portrait\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cutler-family-papers-1909-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/accounting-stocktake-officer-in-charges-schedules-wraac-14th-womens-royal-australian-army-corps-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ex-Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (NSW)", "Entry ID": "AWE0390", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ex-womens-royal-australian-naval-service-nsw\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "On 28 June 1963 a Steering Foundation Committee was formed to set up an association for members who had served in the WRANS. The Ex-Women's Royal Australian Naval Service was established on 20 September 1963.\nThe Association aims to provide social contact and to look after the welfare of members through self-help funding.\nMembership of the Association is available to any female who served with the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) as well as female Navy sailors since 1985.\nAt the end of the World War II (the last wartime WRAN was discharged in 1948) ex-personnel set about re-establishing their lives in peacetime. For many this involved raising a family. By 1963, almost 20 years after the war's end, a group of 'girls' found that there was still a common bond (from the war years) between them and decided to place an advertisement in the North Shore Times about plans to start an association.\nOnce established, monthly meetings were held, for many years, at \"Johnny's\" Naval House at Grosvenor Street Sydney. The area known as the ground floor \"Snake Pit\" and the \"Wrannery\" on the first floor were popular meeting places. An open invitation was extended to 'country girls' to attend meetings when they were in Sydney.\nDuring the 1980s Johnny's Naval House was refurbished and now houses the Sydney Futures Exchange. Meetings were moved to the Gallipoli Club and later the City of Sydney RSL. Meetings are still held here on the second Friday of each month, 3rd Floor, City of Sydney RSL, 565 George St at 1300 hrs. Any Ex-Wran, or serving sailor is most welcome.\nThe Association produces a magazine (six times per year) The 'Ditty Box' through which information is disseminated. Members are advised of the changes in conditions\/benefits and entitlements available from the Department of Veterans' Affairs. Also listed are social functions and news, as well as changes to the contact registry.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-ex-womens-australian-naval-service-assoc-nsw\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ex-womens-australian-naval-service-assoc-nsw\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Land Army (AWLA)", "Entry ID": "AWE0393", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-awla\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Services organisation", "Summary": "On 27 July 1942, the Australian Women's Land Army (AWLA) was established as a national organisation, reporting to the Director-General of Manpower. The aim of the AWLA was to replace the male farm workers who had either enlisted in the armed services or were working in other essential war work such as munitions. The AWLA was not an enlisted service, but rather a voluntary group whose members were paid by the farmer, rather than the government or military forces. Membership of the AWLA was open to women who were British subjects and between the ages of 18 and 50 years. Housed in hostels in farming areas, members were given formal farming instruction and were initially supplied with uniform, bedding etc. Members were not engaged in domestic work rather they undertook most types of work involved with primary industries. The organisation was to be formally constituted under the National Security Regulations, but a final draft of the National Security (Australian Women's Land Army) Regulations was not completed until 1945, and did not reach the stage of promulgation due to cessation of hostilities and the decision to demobilize the Land Army. [1] A 'Land Army' was established in each state and administered that state's rural needs, though some members were sent interstate when available. In September 1945 it was decided that complete demobilization of the Australian Women's Land Army would take effect not later than 31 December 1945.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-fourth-service-ex-australian-womens-land-army-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-with-grit-memories-of-the-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thanks-girls-and-goodbye-the-story-of-the-australian-womens-land-army-1942-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-for-them-battle-fatigues-the-australian-womens-land-army-in-the-second-world-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-and-world-war-ll-kit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-the-homefront\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mobilisation-of-women-into-active-services-the-yankee-invasion-how-the-war-affected-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-land-army-1942-1945-the-experiences-of-mabs-keppie-paterson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/castle-kit-bag-and-cattle-truck-the-australia-womens-land-army-at-abercrombie-house-bathurst\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/down-to-earth-the-story-of-the-australian-womens-land-army-in-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-land-army-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-also-served-far-north-coast-n-s-w-ex-servicewomen-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-land-army-a-brief-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/issues-of-ration-books-to-members-of-australian-womens-land-army-4-cm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/headquarters-staff-awla-australian-womens-land-army-mrs-hazel-strong-bookkeeper\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-n-johnston-to-help-awla-australian-womens-land-army-during-christmas-vacation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/government-advertising-posters-australian-womens-land-army-box-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/re-the-inauguration-of-a-womens-land-army-to-be-affiliated-with-the-australian-army-womens-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cabinet-minute-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bulletin-awla-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/welfare-fund-for-awla-australian-womens-land-army-donations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-for-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-no-3-file\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uniforms-for-vad-voluntary-aid-detachment-and-awla-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/awla-australian-womens-land-army-movements-of-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/complaint-from-ex-awla-australian-womens-land-army-member-re-demobilization-conditions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-no-2-file\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/index-cards-to-members-files-alphabetical-series\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/financial-donations-to-awla-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/statistics-of-the-awla-australian-womens-land-army-and-monthly-reports\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/request-for-awla-australian-womens-land-army-to-attend-various-functions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sales-tax-exemption-for-awla-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/payment-cards-for-employees-entitlements-claims-alphabetical-series\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-payment-of-hospital-fees-etc-of-auxiliary-members\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-items\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/general-constitution-organisation-and-policy-file-awla-australian-womens-land-army-enrolment-membership-etc-regulations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-officers-issue-of-uniforms-policy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supply-of-coupon-goods-to-the-australian-womens-land-army-5-2-cm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wans-womens-australian-national-services-uniforms-second-hand-awla-australian-womens-land-army-girls-requiring\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-auxiliary-appeal-for-volunteers-box-287\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/men-from-australias-rural-districts-have-joined-up-for-the-duration-in-such-large-numbers-that-the-production-of-the-pastoral-and-farming-industries-was-seriously-threatened\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thurecht-ew-miss\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dulcie-gullison-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-ruth-thompson-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eve-garrett-nee-burgess-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-ruth-thompson-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gwen-seddon-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-judy-wing-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peggy-george-nee-hull-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-judy-wing-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-paterson-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-ruth-thompson-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-brown-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-ruth-thompson-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nancy-thomas-nee-willicombe-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-judy-wing-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ursula-garner-as-a-member-of-the-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-dan-connell-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/esme-wirth-as-a-member-of-the-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-daniel-connell-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-williams-nee-stuart-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-daniel-connell-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jess-dare-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-daniel-connell-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/linda-piltz-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-daniel-connell-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-crowe-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-daniel-connell-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daphne-phillips-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-judy-wing-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/katherine-kath-took-australian-womens-land-army-interviewed-by-judy-wing-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/join-the-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1-land-army-girls-in-the-front-line-2-how-cassino-monastery-met-its-end-news-from-home-no-83\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1-womens-land-army-2-vdc-parade-in-picturesque-setting-cinesound-news-no-575\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-peggy-williams-when-the-war-came-to-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/henry-mavis\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-miss-mary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/taylor-grace-field-officer-b-1897-d-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waterson-lily-m-1904-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/montgomerie-lisbeth-ann\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/laurie-betty-nee-mckibbin-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sims-jean-evelyn-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/services-personnel-basis-of-issues-including-australian-womens-land-army-red-cross-vads-voluntary-aid-detachments-and-st-johns-ambulance-brigade\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-land-army-launceston-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ros-bowden-interviews-conducted-for-radio-programs-and-documentaries-ca-1975-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-1967-oct-26-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-legion-of-ex-servicemen-and-women-australian-womens-land-army-sub-branch-records-1945-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sheila-glading-letters-relating-to-australian-womens-land-army-1945\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "New South Wales Army Nursing Service Reserve (NSWANSR)", "Entry ID": "AWE0398", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-south-wales-army-nursing-service-reserve-nswansr\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Army Nursing Service Reserve was established in 1899 and attached to the New South Wales Army Medical Corps. This was the first official female army nurses' organisation in the Australian colonies. Nurse Nellie Gould was appointed lady superintendent of the Reserve. On the 17 January 1900 Nurse Gould left with thirteen nursing sisters to serve in the Boer War as part of the British Army. The nursing contingent returned to Australia in 1902. The Reserve was replaced by the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS), that was formed post Federation.\n", "Details": "New South Wales Army Medical Corps attached to Imperial Draft Contingent - Roll of individuals entitled to the South Africa Medal and Clasps:\n\nGould, Ellen Julia - Lady Superintendent\nJohnstone, Julia Bligh - Superintendent\nAustin, Anne - Sister\nFrater, Penelope - Sister\nGarden, Anna Gardiner - Sister\nHoadley, Emily - Sister\nLister, Elizabeth Ward - Sister\nMartin, Marion Philippe - Sister\nMatchett, Annie L - Sister\nNewton, Nancy - Sister\nNixon, Elizabeth - Sister\nPocock, Mary Annie - Sister\nSteel, Mabel - Sister\nWoodward, Theresa E - Sister\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nominal-rolls-and-lists-of-medals-and-clasps-for-new-south-wales-military-forces-who-served-in-boer-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/informal-portrait-of-three-nurses-who-accompanied-the-second-contingent-to-the-boer-war-as-members-of-the-nsw-army-medical-corps\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF)", "Entry ID": "AWE0400", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-auxiliary-australian-air-force-waaaf\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) was formed in March 1941 after considerable lobbying by women keen to serve and by the Chief of the Air Staff who wanted to release male personnel serving in Australia for service overseas. The WAAAF was the first and largest of the World War II Australian Women's Services. It was disbanded in December 1947.\n", "Details": "During the early years of World War II the necessity to make use of women in many new avenues of employment became apparent. Despite resistance from some members of the War Cabinet, bureaucrats and the Service, in February 1941 the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) received approval to create the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF). Wireless telegraphists were urgently needed to assist in meeting a temporary deficiency of male wireless telegraphists.\nA senior WAAAF officer was appointed from 24 February 1941 with more appointed from 10 March 1941 and a WAAAF Training Depot was established at Malvern, Melbourne. Recruiting commenced on 15 March 1941 and on 17 March the first nineteen airwomen reported at the Training Depot, ten of them being teleprinter operator trainees.\nAlthough recruiting continued it was officially slowed down until Japan entered the war in December 1941. Following this event, the three Defence Services recommended the greater employment of women in order to release men for operational duties. By the end of 1941 some 1500 were serving. This number grew to a peak strength of 18,667 officers and airwomen by October 1944. They served in all states of Australia, from Cairns in Northern Queensland to Geraldton in Western Australia.\nAirwomen were accepted into 73 different musterings (trades), including highly skilled technical employment on aircraft. In addition to telegraphists, women became armament workers, electricians, fitters, flight mechanics, fabricworkers, instrument makers and meteorological assistants, besides using skills in many clerical, medical, transport, catering, equipment, signals and radar fields of employment. Over 700 women held commissioned rank and like airwomen, worked in a great variety of administrative, technical and professional tasks. A number commanded units in operations rooms, at General Douglas MacArthur's Headquarters in Brisbane dealing with intelligence matters, at Operational Units, in RAAF Hospitals, Aircraft Depots, Radar Stations, RAAF Bases - wherever they were needed, they served.\nAirwomen were paid two-thirds of RAAF male pay for equivalent positions. The officers were paid a good deal less than male officers of equal rank.\nAlthough members were enrolled when the service was first formed, the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force was constituted as a part of the Permanent Air Force by the Air Force (Women's Services) Regulations (Statutory Rules 1943, No. 69) which came into operation on 24 March 1943. In due course members were given the choice of signing a form of enlistment or attestation in which they volunteered for the duration of the war and twelve months thereafter or returning to civilian life. Very few resigned. Every WAAAF, like the men of the RAAF, was a volunteer.\nListed at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra are the names of 57 WAAAF who died while serving.\nApproximately 27000 women saw service in the WAAAF between March 1941 and July 1947 when the last member was discharged from the Force. They proved, together with the women of the Navy and Army and those who worked in munitions factories, the aircraft manufacturing industry, on the land and in all areas where women had been manpowered to replace men, that women could fulfil tasks and roles previously undertaken solely by men.\nGroup Officer Clare Grant Stevenson was appointed Director of the WAAAF with effect from 9 June 1941 and retired from the Service on 18 March 1946. Her unsparing efforts, in helping to weld the WAAAF into an effective component of the RAAF, were an inspiration to all members. Lady Gowrie, wife of the Governor-General, was the first Honorary Air Commandant of the WAAAF and was followed by Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester.\nThe WAAAF was the first Women's Service to be formed in Australia (excluding the Nursing Services) and members were greatly disappointed that, other than several official visits made by a few to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Northern Territory, they were not permitted to serve outside Australia.\nThe value of the work and the skills of the WAAAF during a period when thousands of men needed to be released for operational duty overseas and Australia itself was at risk, encouraged the formation of the Women's Royal Australian Air Force (WRAAF) in 1951. This branch of the RAAF was disbanded in 1977 when its members became an integral part of the RAAF.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf-in-wartime-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waaaf-an-aussie-wartime-success-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/introducing-the-w-a-a-a-f-an-account-of-australias-first-womens-auxiliary-air-force\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/still-fighting-40-years-on\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dreaming-of-the-wild-blue-yonder\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waaaf-mob-well-met-again\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-way-we-were\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waaaf\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-auxiliary-australian-air-force-waaaf-in-australia-during-ww2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raaf-museum-point-cook-home-page\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-air-force\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/waaaf-at-war-life-and-work-in-the-womens-auxiliary-australian-air-force\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-outdoors-the-director-waaaf-group-officer-clare-stevenson-and-a-waaaf-wing-officer-conversing-with-waaaf-officers-who-conducted-a-four-day-bivouac\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doing-a-grand-job-join-the-waaaf\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/keep-them-flying\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thomson-joyce-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clare-grant-stevenson-papers-1941-1947-concerning-the-womens-auxiliary-australian-air-force\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clare-grant-stevenson-further-papers-192-1988-mainly-concerning-the-womens-auxiliary-australian-air-force-with-the-papers-of-joyce-a-thomson-concerning-clare-grant-stevenson-1941-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-emilie-shennen-papers-1923-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-a-a-a-f-history-and-other-documents-1943-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-a-a-a-f-at-war\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Royal Australian Air Force (WRAAF)", "Entry ID": "AWE0401", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-royal-australian-air-force-wraaf\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "A new Australian women's air force was formed in July 1950 and in November became the Women's Royal Australian Air Force (WRAAF). The WRAAF was disbanded in 1977 and female personnel were absorbed into the mainstream RAAF. Australia's first female air force pilots graduated in 1988 and today, with the exception of the airfield defence units, there are few jobs within the RAAF barred to women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-and-world-war-ll-kit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mobilisation-of-women-into-active-services-the-yankee-invasion-how-the-war-affected-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-also-served-far-north-coast-n-s-w-ex-servicewomen-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-7\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Land Army Association NSW", "Entry ID": "AWE0402", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-association-nsw\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Services organisation", "Summary": "At the end of the World War II, surplus funds were divided between the different state Women's Land Army groups. New South Wales was allocated 500 pounds. A group of 'girls' who had worked at the New South Wales Australian Women's Land Army Headquarters, established a committee. Aileen Lynch former AWLA superintendent in NSW suggested that the money be placed in an account which would be used to establish a club to further the interests of all ex-members of the AWLA in welfare, training and advisory capacity. The club was to have a city base where the girls could continue their wartime friendship and arrange return visits to the country centres where they had worked. [1]\n[1] Scott, Jean. Girls with Grit p. 157\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-with-grit-memories-of-the-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roundabout\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-association-nsw-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scrapbook-relating-to-the-womens-australian-national-service-wans-1940-1946-and-album-of-the-australian-womens-land-army-association-1942-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-united-association-of-new-south-wales-further-records-1942-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-united-association-of-new-south-wales-further-records-1990-1992\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney & Metropolitan Ex-Prisoners of War Welfare Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0407", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-metropolitan-ex-prisoners-of-war-welfare-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney & Metropolitan Ex-Prisoners of War Welfare Association was established in 1999 after the NSW Ex-Prisoner of War (POW) Association and the NSW Ex-Prisoner of War (POW) Ladies Auxiliary were disbanded.\nThe main objectives of the Association are to:\n\u2022 affirm and promote loyalty to Her Majesty the Queen and the Commonwealth of Australia.\n\u2022 protect and promote the interests of Ex-Prisoners of War, their spouses, and widows of Ex-Prisoners of War.\n\u2022 promote friendship and good fellowship between members by way of meetings, visitations and welfare where necessary.\n\u2022 collect, raise money and receive donations for the carrying out of these objects or for any charitable purpose or for the benefit directly or indirectly of Ex-Prisoners of War, their spouses, and widows of Ex-Prisoners of War.\nMembership of the Association is open to any person who was a member of the New South Wales Ex-Prisoners of War Association Inc, or who would have been eligible to become a member. Members of the Ladies Auxiliary of the New South Wales Ex-Prisoners of War Association Inc, or any person who is a spouse or widow of an Ex-Prisoner of War, can make an application to become a member.\nMembers have regularly visited patients in their homes, nursing homes and hospitals, especially the Concord Repatriation Hospital (now Concord General Hospital). They have also involved themselves in specific projects such as obtaining special patient chairs for the Concord Repatriation Hospital or furniture for the Rose Garden at the hospital. These acquisitions were made with the help of members' fundraising activities including selling of poppies, Remembrance Day and Anzac Badges as well as running trade tables, garage sales and garden parties.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-metropolitan-ex-prisoners-of-war-welfare-association-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/four-members-of-the-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-ex-prisoners-of-war-pows-of-the-japanese-taking-leave-of-family-and-friends-who-met-them-on-their-arrival-at-mascot-airport\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS)", "Entry ID": "AWE0408", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-army-nursing-service-aans\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Army Nursing Service, which was actually a reserve, was established on 1 July 1902. The Service was staffed by volunteer civilian nurses who would be available for duty during times of national emergency. Members of the Service served in both the World Wars, staffing medical facilities in Australia and overseas. In 1949 the Service became part of the Australian Regular Army and is now known as the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps (RAANC).\nIMPORTANT - Additional information about how to search for your own relative's records can be found below. Click on details and scroll to the end. \n", "Details": "Prior to Australia's Federation in 1901, each colony controlled its own defence force, of which the nursing services formed a part. In July 1902 the nursing services of each colony joined together to form the Australian Army Nursing Service. The Service which was part of the Australian Army Medical Corps was made up of volunteer trained nurses who were willing to serve in times of a national emergency.\nAt the outbreak of World War I staff were recruited from both the nursing service and the civilian workforce. They served at field and base hospitals in Australia as well as in Egypt, England, France, Belgium, Greece, Salonika, Palestine, Mesopotamia and India. After the war the Australian Army Nursing Service returned to a reserve status.\nThe Australian Army Nursing Service was one of only two women's services (the other being Voluntary Aid Detachments) that were active at the outbreak of war in 1939. Initially the enlisted nurses were the only females to serve outside Australia. Members served in England, Egypt, Palestine, Libya, Greece, Syria, Ceylon, Malaya, Singapore, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Island as well as throughout Australia. They served on hospital ships, troop transports, base and camp hospitals and some spent time in Prisoner of War camps.\nAfter the war members served as part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force in Japan. In July 1947 members of the Australian Army Nursing Service were transferred to the Interim Army, and in November 1948 the Service was designated a 'Royal' one. In July 1949 the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service became part of the Australian Regular Army. In February 1951 the Service became a Corps and is known as the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps (RAANC). The Pledge of Service was introduced during World War Two.\n\nAANS Pledge of Service\nI pledge myself loyally\nto serve my King and Country\nand to maintain the honour and efficiency\nof the Australian Army Nursing Service.\nI will do all in my power\nto alleviate the suffering of\nthe sick and wounded, sparing no\neffort to bring them comfort of body\nand peace of mind.\nI will work in unity and\ncomradeship with my fellow nurses.\nI will be ready to give assistance\nto those in need of my help,\nand will abstain from any action\nwhich may bring sorrow\nand suffering to others.\nAt all times I will endeavour\nto uphold the highest traditions of\nWomanhood and of the Profession\nof which I am Part.\nHELPFUL INFORMATION TO ASSIST YOUR OWN SEARCHES\nThe following information will assist you to search for Australian women who served in WW1, not women from any other country, and not WW2 servicewomen. If you are looking for a nurse in the Australian Army Nursing Service, go online to the National Archives and find the person's army file there. If you need help after doing this, then contact this page via the comments - but only after you have gone to the National Archives of Australia for advice. www.naa.gov.au\nIf looking for women who served in WW2, go here to find out if they did, in fact serve:\nhttp:\/\/www.ww2roll.gov.au\/\nThen go to this site to find their personnel record\nhttp:\/\/www.naa.gov.au\/collection\/explore\/defence\/service-records\/index.aspx\nThere is an article written by Dr Kirsty Harris published in Ancestor: The Journal of the Royal Genealogical Society of Victoria this year that provides some search tips. 'Researching Australian World War 1 Nurses' can be found Vol 31, Issue 1 of the 2012 edition of the journal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-record-of-the-australian-army-nursing-service-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captives-australian-army-nurses-in-japanese-prison-camps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/desert-bamboo-and-barbed-wire-the-1939-45-story-of-a-special-detachment-of-australian-army-nursing-sisters-fondly-known-as-the-angels-in-grey-and-their-fate-in-war-and-captivity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/extracts-from-regulations-and-orders-seniority-list\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-grey-battalion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-tomlins-an-australian-nurse-world-war-one\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-khiva-nursery\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lest-we-forget-australian-army-nursing-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-reflections-of-an-old-grey-mare-a-salute-to-those-who-served\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-an-outline-of-the-foundation-and-development-of-the-australian-army-nursing-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seniority-list-provisional\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seniority-nursing-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/standing-orders-for-the-australian-army-nursing-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thursday-island-nurse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/with-the-aans-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guns-and-brooches-australian-army-nursing-from-the-boer-war-to-the-gulf-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-nursing-services-australian-imperial-force-and-australian-military-forces\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-army-nursing-service-a-short-history-with-world-war-one-nominal-roll-and-award-citations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-imperial-force-order-for-nursing-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-army-a-history-of-its-organisation-1901-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nightingales-in-the-mud-the-digger-sisters-of-the-great-war-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unsung-heroes-australias-military-medical-personnel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nurses-the-roses-of-no-mans-land\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-coolies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-war-the-exceptional-life-of-wilma-oram-young-am\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recommendation-file-for-honours-and-awards-aif-1914-18-war-australian-army-nursing-service-6-10-1918%e2%86%b5recommendation-file-for-honours-and-awards-aif-1914-18-war-australian-army-nursing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recommendation-file-for-honours-and-awards-aif-1914-18-war-australian-army-nursing-service-11-9-1918-to-24-9-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recruiting-arrangements-australian-military-forces-instructions-for-the-medical-examination-of-recruits-a-for-mobilization-b-aif-c-for-garrison-battalions-d-aans-australian-army-nursing-s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/operation-clean-up-dpr-tv-566\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archbishop-daniel-mannix-catholic-chaplain-general-of-the-australian-army-with-three-unidentified-representatives-from-the-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-womens\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colour-patch-australian-army-nursing-service-aif\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hospital-tent-of-3rd-australian-general-hospital\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/balcony-of-troopers-ward-14th-australian-general-hospital-abbassia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-group-of-australian-army-nursing-service-nurses-at-the-52nd-british-general-hospital-at-kalamaria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-australian-army-nursing-service-aans-nurses-who-were-former-prisoners-of-war-pows-ob-board-the-hospital-ship-manunda-on-its-arrival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/holmes-katie-ms-thesis-between-the-lines-the-letters-and-diaries-of-first-world-war-australian-nurses\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-womens-services\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS)", "Entry ID": "AWE0415", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-army-medical-womens-service-aamws\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) was established in December 1942. At that stage it was decided to distinguish between Voluntary Aid Detachments, whose governing body was the Joint State Council in each State and the Joint Central Council (the Commonwealth authority), and Voluntary Aids who were serving at Military Hospitals on a full-time basis under Army control. [1]\nAuthor Patsy Adam-Smith, herself a member of the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) who joined the AAMWS, states in Australian Women at War:\nFrom that date [December 1942], the Service's officers and soldiers were subject to military law and to the provisions of the Defence Act, the Army Act and the Rules of Procedure\u2026'The majority of the original recruits for the AAMWS were drawn from the ranks of the Voluntary Aid Detachments, and the experience they already had was of great benefit in their work in military hospitals, both home and overseas.' \nIn July 1949 the Australian Army Medical Women's Service became part of the Regular Army. Two years later The Service was disbanded and its duties were incorporated into the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps. \n[1] Australian Women at War p. 194 and From Blue to Khaki p. 50\n", "Events": "AAMWS approved to become part of the Regular Army (1949 - 1949) \nAustralian Army Medical Women's Service was disbanded and incorporated into the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps (1951 - 1951) \nServed in Japan with the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) (1946 - 1946) \nThe Australian Army Medical Women's Service established to distinguish between full-time military Voluntary Aids and those attached on a voluntary basis to the aid organisations (1942 - 1951)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-kind-of-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soldiers-of-the-queen-women-in-the-australian-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nurses-since-nightingale-1860-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-army-a-history-of-its-organisation-1901-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-aid-detachments\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-blue-to-khaki-the-enlisted-voluntary-aids-and-others-who-became-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-and-served-from-1941-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captain-w-j-j-mcgee-assisted-by-major-a-r-appleford-member-of-the-red-cross-mm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-leaders-of-the-australian-red-cross-voluntary-aid-detachment-vad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-with-captain-p-williamson-australian-army-medical-womens-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-assistant-controller-australian-army-medical-womens-service-victorian-lines-of-communication-area\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/officers-at-the-conference-of-assistant-and-deputy-assistant-controllers-australian-army-medical-womens-service-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/officers-at-the-conference-of-assistant-and-deputy-assistant-controllers-australian-army-medical-womens-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-assistant-controller-conducting-a-kit-inspection-of-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-on-draft-for-northern-areas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/her-excellency-lady-zara-gowrie-wife-of-the-governor-general-of-australia-inspecting-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-at-the-115th-heidelberg-military-hospital\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-a-r-appleford-rrc-mm-assistant-controller-australian-army-medical-womens-service-inspecting-the-kits-of-members-who-are-on-draft-to-northern-areas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captain-w-j-j-mcgee-assisted-by-major-a-r-appleford-member-of-the-red-cross-mm-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/studio-portrait-of-nf482322-lieutenant-lt-elva-baikie-amenities-officer-for-the-army-womens-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/join-the-aamws\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-womens-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herring-enid-jessie-assistant-controller-aamws-b-1912\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lila-stocks-nee-mckenzie-voluntary-aid-detachment-and-private-australian-army-medical-womens-service-interviewed-by-angie-michaelis-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jill-edith-linton-nee-oliver-as-a-private-australian-army-medical-womens-service-interviewed-by-angie-michaelis-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archives-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/change-of-title-from-vad-voluntary-aid-detachment-to-aamws-australian-army-medical-womens-service-box-69\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-a-commission-in-the-a-a-m-c-voluntary-aid-detachments-v-a-d-j-m-snelling-box-69\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-a-commission-in-the-a-a-m-c-voluntary-aid-detachments-v-a-d-j-l-christie-box-69\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-a-commission-in-the-a-a-m-c-voluntary-aid-detachments-v-a-d-a-r-appleford-box-69\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ex-AAMWS Association of NSW Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0416", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ex-aamws-association-of-nsw-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "When established, the aim of the Ex-AAMWS (Australian Army Medical Women's Service) Association of New South Wales Inc. was to maintain friendships formed during World War II as well as assisting members in whatever way possible. This includes the dissemination of information about pensions and benefits through their quarterly publication Pulse. Members also support a range of charities, care for frail members and participate in marches, wreath laying ceremonies and reunions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ex-aamws-association-of-nsw-inc-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Services, Sub Branch RSL (NSW)", "Entry ID": "AWE0417", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-services-sub-branch-rsl-nsw\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "In 1946 the Women's Services Sub-Branch of the Returned and Services League (RSL) received its Charter.\nMembership to the League is open to:\n\u2022 Those who served in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) in either of the two World Wars\n\u2022 or in any theatre of conflict; or served overseas for not less than six months as a member of an approved peace-keeping force;\n\u2022 or served for not less than six months in the regular or reserve forces of the ADF,\n\u2022 or of any country not an enemy of Australia (shorter service can also qualify if discharge was honourable and for reasons beyond an individual's control);\n\u2022 or if you are an Australian or allied citizen and served with or in support of the ADF or allied forces in any theatre or conflict;\n\u2022 or served during World War II, as a member of the Australian Women's Land Army or as a member of a Voluntary Aid Detachment in a military or convalescent hospital. [1]\n[1] http:\/\/www.rslnsw.com.au\/index.cfm?page=237\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-services-sub-branch-rsl-nsw-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Royal Australian Army Corps Association (NSW Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE0421", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-royal-australian-army-corps-association-nsw-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Royal Australian Army Corps Association was formed in New South Wales in 1977, following a visit to Australia by HRH Princess Margaret. Colonel-in-Chief (1953-1984) of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC), HRH Princess Margaret visited many parts of Australia in 1975. She observed a WRAAC Parade at Victoria Barracks New South Wales in October that year.\nEstablished after a reunion, the association aims to provide contact and disseminate information to its members. This is achieved through quarterly meetings (March\/ May\/ August\/ November) and a newsletter, Best Times, produced by the New South Wales Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-royal-australian-army-corps-association-nsw-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Council of Ex-Servicewomen's Associations (NSW)", "Entry ID": "AWE0422", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/council-of-ex-servicewomens-associations-nsw\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Council of Ex-Servicewomen's Associations (NSW) was established in Sydney, New South Wales on 20 January 1975, as a vehicle for uniting and representing the many wartime service women who served Australia.\n", "Details": "The inaugural meeting of the Council of Ex-Servicewomen's Associations (NSW) was held in Sydney on 20 January 1975 with five wartime servicewomen's organisations as Founder Member Associations:\n\u2022 Australian Women's Army Service Association (NSW)\n\u2022 Ex-AAMWS Association of New South Wales\n\u2022 Ex-WRANS Association (NSW)\n\u2022 The Ex-Servicewomen's Association\n\u2022 WAAAF Branch, RAAF Association (NSW Division).\nThe Council's formation was due to the encouragement of the then Deputy Commissioner of Repatriation, Mr Bruce Auld. He suggested the establishment of a united body as a way of pursuing common objectives for the benefit of as many wartime servicewomen as possible.\nAs a result a Joint Council was formed in order that the policies and representations of the Member Associations could be co-ordinated and means could be considered whereby through unity, common objects might be pursued for the benefit of as many wartime Australian female veterans as possible. Council has a restricted membership with state-wide membership but as a representative group it obtains and affords information and advice to kindred ex-servicewomen's associations and other ex-servicewomen throughout New South Wales.\nCouncil keeps faith with the objectives and purposes for which it was established. All work is carried out in the interests of all Australian wartime servicewomen; it disseminates relevant information and acts as a joint voice for all; it preserves the memory and record of those who have died; it guards the good name and preserves the interest and standing of women who have served in the Navy, Army and Air Force; it assists in the provision of housing and other accommodation for Australian wartime servicewomen and it perpetuates the close spirit of friendship created by mutual service in the wars of the Commonwealth.\nCouncil's most important achievement was the conception and completion of the ex-servicewomen's building project: 12 self-contained units of The Friendship Court at the RSL Veterans' Retirement Villages at Narrabeen for AAMWS, AWAS, WAAAF and WRANS. The units were handed over to the Board of the Veterans' Retirement Villages on 31 March 1984 after 7 years' hard work, not only by the Council but also by the ex-servicewomen of New South Wales and friends in the ex-service movement who assisted in raising money. The way they all related to this project was a source of inspiration to everyone and for Councillors it was a rewarding and enlightening time. There is a waiting list for admission from members of the four Women's Services who do not own their own home and would find it difficult to provide themselves with one.\nCouncil placed a Memorial Plaque commemorating the WAAAF, WRANS, AWAS, and AAMWS in the foyer of the State War Memorial of New South Wales, Hyde Park, Sydney and it was unveiled on 7 February 1986 by Council's Patron, Miss Clare Stevenson AM MBE, and dedicated at a small ceremony.\nCouncil commenced raising funds in 1987 for a State Memorial to the Wartime Servicewomen of New South Wales and finally on 16 February 1990 it was unveiled by His Excellency Rear-Admiral Sir David Martin KCMG AO, Governor of New South Wales at that time and dedicated in the presence of hundreds of war-time servicewomen, their friends and representatives of ex-service organisations from all parts of New South Wales, most of whom made its erection possible. It was the result of a labour of love. Erected in the Spirit of Friendship and located in Jessie Street Gardens in Loftus Street, Sydney, it is dear to the hearts of thousands of World War II servicewomen. Wreath laying ceremonies are held there on commemorative occasions.\nOn 12 December 1991 a Tree Planting and Memorial Plaque Dedication Ceremony was held by Council at the western side of the main building of the Australian War Memorial to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the formation of the Australian Women's Services in the Defence Forces. The tree was a mint leafed peppermint.\nThroughout the years Council has continued to make representations to the Governments of the day and has had its wins and losses. Council's support of its Chairman was the main catalyst for Defence Service Home Loans being granted to all World War II servicewomen in the 1995-1996 Budget, irrespective of where they served.\nIt pressed for the recognition of men as war widowers when their TPI wives died or other female veteran wives died as the result of their war service, knowing full well how dependent upon their wives many men in the World War II age group were. Discrimination was also an issue in both these cases and this was recognised after much lobbying.\nCouncil is well-respected in the ex-service community and has been involved in many Federal projects, e.g. inter alia its Chairman was invited to represent the Australian World War II female veterans at the official proceedings at the Entombment of the Unknown Australian Soldier; to take part in the planning of Wartime Servicewomen's National Day in Canberra during the 1997 Australia Remembers Year and to be a member of the Advisory Group to the Australian War Memorial for the Australian Servicewomen's Memorial in the Sculpture Garden at the Australian War Memorial. The Councillors all contribute to the reputation Council has for reliability, as well as deep concern and action on behalf of those it represents.\nAn annual Church Service has been held since 1981 at The Holy Trinity Garrison Church, Millers Point, to commemorate the four Women's Services and this is well-attended by female veterans, their families and friends. Council's only fundraising function is an annual Friendship Luncheon which provides funds necessary for administrative purposes, the annual subscriptions from Member Associations being kept to a minimum to assist those organisations.\nLarge State Reunions were held to celebrate the 40th, 50th and 60th Anniversaries of the formation of the four Women's Services. Simply, Council makes it possible for female veterans to meet and to celebrate on a state-wide basis when appropriate. Councillors are proud of what has been achieved and of the assistance that has been given to fellow female veterans since the formation of the Council of Ex-Servicewomen's Associations (NSW) in 1975.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/council-of-ex-servicewomens-associations-nsw-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Army Service Association (NSW)", "Entry ID": "AWE0433", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-association-nsw\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Army Service Association (NSW) was established in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1948 for the purpose of organising an Australian Women's Army Service reunion. This became an annual event held at various venues and organised by a number of committees over the years.\n", "Details": "The Association was born of an informal meeting held in 1948 for the purpose of organising an Australian Women's Army Service reunion. This became an annual event held at various venues and organised by a number of committees over the years.\nIn 1950 it was proposed that any profit accruing from the reunion should be used to establish a fund with a view to forming an AWAS Association. At the final meeting of the 1954 Reunion Committee, it was advised that the AWAS Association was now a registered charity organisation and in future would be known as AWAS Reunions (NSW). It would work on behalf of the Women's Wing of the War Veterans' Home.\nBy 1956, due to lack of interest, the Chief Secretary's Department was advised that it was impossible to convene an Annual General Meeting and suggested that the registration of the AWAS Reunions (NSW) should no longer be continued, as it was not possible to abide by the Constitution originally submitted.\nNonetheless, the annual reunions continued and were well attended. On 19 February 1960, a meeting was held and a draft of a proposed new Constitution was read. It was decided to circulate copies at the 1960 Reunion and, at a meeting held the following year, it was resolved that the Constitution or Rules of the Association, as circulated, would become effective as from 17 February 1961.\nThe reunions continued each year at the Anthony Horderns Gallery. 1962 was a special year, being the 21st Anniversary of the formation of the Service, and this engendered much interest amongst those who served in the AWAS. Over 200 ladies had to be turned away from the reunion due to lack of space. A new venue was needed.\nCollections were always held at the reunion and over the years many needy causes benefited from the money given. As a special effort to mark the 21st Anniversary, a tree planting ceremony was arranged. An Australian Gum - Lemon Eucalyptus, was planted in Hyde Park on the western side of the War Memorial by Miss Joyce Whitworth (an AWAS Senior Officer), in the presence of Lt-General Sir John Northcott. A suitable plaque was placed beside the tree.\nFormer members of the AWAS had been marching since 1946 in the Anzac Day March, and activities on this day had been organised by Mrs Amy Taylor. Each year more joined the ranks and soon Anzac Day became the second big event on the ex-AWAS calendar.\nIn 1965 the format for the Annual Reunion was changed from a buffet meal to a sit-down dinner. This was a year of special interest to the AWAS Association, bringing as it did the announcement that Mr (later Sir) Roden Cutler had been appointed Governor of New South Wales. The AWAS were particularly pleased, as the Governor's wife - Lady Helen Cutler (n\u00e9e Miss Helen Morris), had been a member of their organisation. Congratulations and good wishes were sent, followed by a letter asking if Lady Cutler would accept Patronage of the Association and attend the Silver Anniversary Reunion on 28 October 1966. Both requests were accepted.\n1967 saw the introduction of the AWAS Association badge. An amendment was passed this same year at the Annual General Meeting, altering the Constitution to include the words \"(New South Wales)\" in the Association title.\nIn 1962 the word \"Anniversary\" was used for the first time because it was the 25th year since the formation of the Service. Each subsequent Reunion has been known as \"\u2026 Anniversary Reunion\", the 30th being held in 1971.\nAt the Annual General Meeting held on 23 March 1972, Miss Joyce Whitworth stood down as President after 13 years in the Chair and a new executive was elected with Mrs Amy Taylor as President. On 4 September 1972 the AWAS Association (NSW) was registered under the Charitable Collections Act and received a new Certificate of Registration under the title of AWAS Association (NSW). A Welfare Trust Fund was approved with administrators to be the President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Association, with any two of these as signatories on all Trust Fund cheques.\nA new President, Miss Joan Lethbridge, was elected in 1974. Plans went ahead for a new Banner to be ready for the 1975 Anzac Day march. Miss Lethbridge remained President for four years. In 1978 Mrs Amy Taylor was again elected President and still holds this position.\nThe AWAS Association (NSW) has gone from strength to strength over the years. This is mainly due to the hard working ladies who have served on the Executives and Committees. With the membership over the 1000 mark, the Association is the largest ex-Servicewomen's organisation in NSW. The Association was a foundation member of the Council of Ex-Servicewomen's Assns (NSW) and supported this organisation with the Building of \"Friendship Court\", 12 units within the complex of the War Veterans' Retirement Village at Narrabeen. The money that was raised came from all centres of the State.\nThe magazine Khaki, which is posted to all financial members, has become a very popular means of communication with members, particularly those in country areas. Khaki gives the members a chance to share in the activities of the Association.\nWelfare is a very time consuming job and the Welfare Officer, with a good knowledge of the numerous and frequently changing pension systems, ably attends to those who seek help. As members grow older, the burden on the Welfare Department increases, but committee members assist with hospital visiting, while numerous fund raising efforts over the years and donations from members have ensured that any call for welfare could be met without financial worry. The Association was able to finance the publishing of Women in Khaki, a book written by a member of the AWAS about the Service.\nMembership is growing as ex-Australian Women's Army Servicewomen seek the fellowship of their own kind: this spirit of friendship, born during the service days, has never died.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/khaki-australian-womens-army-service-association-nsw\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/khaki-clad-and-glad-30-years-after\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/copy-photographic-prints-of-the-australian-womens-army-service-association-new-south-wales-activities-during-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-association-nsw-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "War Widows' Guild of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0438", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-widows-guild-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The War Widows' Guild Of Australia was established in Victoria by the late Mrs Jessie Mary Vasey CBE, OBE. The broad aims of the Guild were to watch over and protect the interests of war widows. Qualification for membership of the Guild was restricted to widows of men who were killed on active service or whose deaths were accepted as being war-caused and were therefore in receipt of a war widow's pension. Later, widows of interned civilians who received a repatriation war widows' pension were included, as were widows of allied ex-servicemen.\n", "Details": "The Guild began in Victoria and was founded by the late Mrs Jessie Mary Vasey CBE, OBE. Her husband, General George Alan Vasey, an army officer, commanded Australian forces in Greece and New Guinea during World War II. While on leave in 1945 he called on the widow of one of his men and was appalled at her living conditions. It was Major-General Vasey's wish that after he returned from the battlefields he, with the help of his wife, would look after the families of the men who were killed while serving with him. On 5 March 1945, aged 49 years, Major-General Vasey was himself killed in an aircraft accident.\nJessie Vasey formed the War Widows' Guild of Australia on 22 November 1945. Qualification for membership of the Guild was restricted to widows of men who were killed on active service or whose deaths were accepted as being war-caused and were therefore in receipt of a war widow's pension. Later, widows of interned civilians who received a repatriation war widows' pension were included, as were widows of allied ex-servicemen.\nThe broad aims of the Guild were to watch over and protect the interests of war widows. While maintaining that every woman whose husband's death was due to war service should receive adequate monetary compensation from the Government, so that she and her family could maintain a dignified standard of living, Mrs Vasey believed that the surest way to rehabilitation was through self-help. To this end she organised the formation of craft groups. The women involved in these craft activities not only enjoyed the company of others in the same sad position as themselves, but they experienced the thrill of satisfaction that creativity brings and, by the sale of their work, were able to supplement the meagre compensatory pension at the time doled out to them by the Government.\nThrough Mrs Vasey's leadership, Guilds were formed in all States during 1946-1947 plus the Australian Capital Territory in 1966. All were united in a National Guild over which Vasey presided until her death in 1966. During this time she inspired the respect and devotion of a group of very able women in all States and through her efforts the lot of the war widow became better: many improvements took place in pensions, housing, children's allowances and hospital care.\nIn November 1947 Jessie Vasey called a conference of National Body delegates from all States to meet in Melbourne to form a federal body. While each State body is autonomous in domestic organisation, the Conference achieved unity and biennial congresses have been held ever since.\n\nMotto of the War Widows' Guild\nWe all belong to each other.\nWe all need each other.\nIt is in serving each other and in sacrificing for our common good that we are finding our true life.\n(Extract from an Empire Day Message from His Majesty the late King George the Sixth in 1949.)\n\nKookaburra Badge\nThe badge, made of silver and designed by Andor Meszaros, was introduced in 1951. The badge featured the kookaburra, an industrious and cheerful bird who mated for life, was fearless and aggressive in the defence of its young and the area of territory it regarded as its own. \"The kookaburra goes for what he wants and fights for its family. Isn't that what we are doing?\" Mrs Vasey asked her girls. The bird also had a unique call, not a song but a laugh, a chortle of rollicking mirth. It was a call to win the war widow back to laughter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-mean-destiny-the-story-of-the-war-widows-guild-of-australia-1945-85\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-widows-guild-of-australia-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "War Widows' Guild of Australia NSW Limited", "Entry ID": "AWE0440", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-widows-guild-of-australia-nsw-limited\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "In June 1946, following the establishment of a War Widows' Craft Guild in Victoria, a Guild was formed in New South Wales.\nThe purpose of the Guild was to enable war widows in NSW to live their lives with dignity and support to meet their ongoing and emerging needs.\nWith the setting-up of the Guild, craft work got under way almost immediately, commencing with sock and glove-making classes. By November, the guild shop was opened in Rowe Street, to sell craft goods made by members and other saleable goods. Although Victoria was planning a guild shop, NSW was first to establish one. The NSW Guild closed its handicraft school in December 1951 and sold the equipment to members, but the shop was to remain open, a good money-spinner for the Guild, until September 1960. [1]\nFrom 1953 to 1988, the Guild in NSW built 13 blocks of units at nine locations. After selling two housing properties, at the time of writing (April 2003) the Guild provides a total of 198 self-care, one-bedroom units of retirement housing in seven Sydney locations.\nIn 2002 and 2003, President Marie Beach and Chief Executive Officer Patricia Campbell represented The War Widows' Guild of NSW Inc. on the Women in War Project working group.\n", "Details": "On 4 June 1946 at a meeting held in the Conference Room of the Grand United Order of Oddfellows by the Women's Services, Jessie Vasey was a guest speaker. She spoke about the aims of the War Widows' Craft Guild and the setting-up of the craft classes. A decision was taken to form a New South Wales Guild. At a further meeting held on 19 June, a committee was established and 100 members enrolled. [2]\nIn 1951 Maylee Morrisey (Honorary secretary 1948-1961) and Jean Cunningham (President 1950-1952) visited the North Coast to establish sub-branches (later called Guild Clubs) for the Guild. The Clubs formed at Lismore and Newcastle still continue and are now (2003) over 51 years old.\nThe NSW Guild, while based on Victoria's framework and example, and though always completely supportive of national policy and prepared to battle for that policy, has always had some dissimilarities. [3] From the start their branch admitted to membership widows from both world wars as designated war widows by the Department of Veterans' Affairs, excepting those who have remarried. Allied Countries war widows are also eligible if they receive a war widows' pension from the country of origin. Finally, Defence Widows under the Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986 and Defence Widows compensated under the Safety Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988 are eligible for Guild Membership.\nSince 1998 the Guild has been a company limited by guarantee, governed by a Board of Directors, two-thirds of whom are members, and subject to the regulations of the Corporations Act 2001. It provides a range of services to its members including advocacy, information, support, friendship and a telephone support line. It organises high profile events such as a large members' Christmas Party, a War Widows' Walk and a travelling exhibition; as well as publishing the Guild Digest, a quarterly magazine for members.\nEach year a Memorial Service is held in St Andrew's Cathedral several days prior to Anzac Day, followed by Dedication of a Field of Remembrance and the planting of official crosses. The idea originated with Mrs C J Pope, who was impressed while visiting London by a Field of Remembrance held each year in the old churchyard of St Margaret's, alongside Westminster Abbey, and inaugurated by the Royal British Legion Poppy Factory Ltd, at which small wooden crosses are planted in memory of the fallen. Supported by voluntary labour of Guild members, Mrs Pope organised the Field each year until her death in 1963. [4] The Governor of NSW, who is also Patron of the Guild, plants the first cross, followed by representatives from the City of Sydney, the New Zealand Government, the three Armed Services and the War Widows' Guild. The Field is then open to other associated bodies and members of the public to plant small crosses. The Field remains open until sunset on Anzac Day.\nIn the year 2002 The Guild of NSW had over 14,300 members, with most being in their late 70s and 80s. The Guild now regards itself as a 'sunset organisation', which in 10-15 years will become a much smaller organisation with around 1,000-1,500 members.\n[1] No Mean Destiny p. 60\n[2] ibid p. 61\n[3] ibid p. 66\n[4] ibid p. 64\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-mean-destiny-the-story-of-the-war-widows-guild-of-australia-1945-85\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-widows-guild-of-australia-nsw-limited-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps (RAANC)", "Entry ID": "AWE0446", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-raanc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps was formed from the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service and the Australian Army Medical Women's Service. Since being established members of the service have served in many theatres of war and other operations including Vietnam, the 1991 Gulf War, Cambodia, Rwanda, Bougainville and East Timor.\n", "Events": "A Corps Badge with the motto Pro Humanitate - for Humanity was introduced. (1952 - 1952) \nA Lady Superintendent and Matron appointed to all states (1904 - 1914) \nA Matron-in-Chief appointed to administer the service and advise the Director General of Medical Services (which controlled the Service) on service matters. (1916 - 1916) \nA total of 2139 sisters served overseas and another 423 served in Australia. 25 sisters died and 388 were decorated for their service which included 5 CBE, 10 OBE, 42 RRC and 23 foreign awards (1914 - 1918) \nA total of 3477 joined the Service with 71 members losing their lives (23 battle casualties and 18 died as a result of accident or illness). 137 decorations were awarded including two George medals. (1939 - 1945) \nApproval given to appoint female officers and enlist female Other Ranks into the Regular Army, to provide nursing staff for an overseas General Hospital and Camp Hospitals in Australia. (1949 - 1949) \nApproval was granted for the adoption of a corps flag for the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps. (1958 - 1958) \nApproval was granted for the traditional colours of grey and scarlet to be used for all Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps embellishments. (1983 - 1983) \nCeremony, including a wreath-laying service and parade from the Nurses Memorial on Anzac Parade to the Tomb Of The Unknown Soldier at the Australian War Memorial, held to celebrate the centenary of the RAANC and the RAAMC. (2003 - 2003) \nColonel A M Sage, CBE, RRC, FNM, was appointed as the first Honorary Colonel and Representative Honorary Colonel to the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps. (1957 - 1957) \nHead of Corps abolished. (1997 - 1997) \nHead of Corps re-appointed (2001 - 2001) \nIn recognition of the service given in two world wars the title Royal was designated to the Service - now called Royal Australian Army Nursing Service. (1948 - 1948) \nIn total 43 Officers served in Vietnam. (1967 - 1971) \nMembers served in Malaya (1955 - 1969) \nNursing Officers participated in all United Nations Deployments. (1992 - 2001) \nNursing Officers sent as part of Australia's commitment to the United Nations force to the Gulf War. (1990 - 1990) \nNursing sisters sent to Papua New Guinea to care for the wives and families of the indigenous servicemen. (1966 - 1969) \nPrincess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, accepted the appointment of Honorary Colonel of the Australian Army Nursing Service. (1945 - 1945) \nThe Australian Army Nursing Service Reserve, which formed the basis of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps established. (1903 - 1948) \nThe Australian Army Nursing Service, formerly an auxiliary service, was incorporated as part of the Australian Military Forces. (1943 - 1943) \nThe first Alice Appleford award was presented. The award is present annually by the Ex-AAMWS to a non-commissioned member for proficiency in service. (1970 - 1970) \nThe first issue of the Corps Magazine \"Grey and Scarlet\" published. It is currently published annually. (1979 - 1979) \nThe first nursing sisters to serve with Australian troops were those who travelled with the Colonial Military Forces to the South African (Boer War). (1899 - 1902) \nThe General Order giving effect to an improved organisation for nurses was written in 1902 and promulgated on the 1st July 1903. (1902 - 1902) \nThe Matron-in-Chief and Principal matrons from each state were sent to England with the Coronation contingent. (1936 - 1936) \nThe Service was designated a Corps - now called the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps (RAANC). In the same year the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) was disbanded. (1951 - 1951)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-army-a-history-of-its-organisation-1901-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-barbara-edwina-audrey-starrett-nee-maxwell-colonel-and-last-director-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-young-australian-red-cross-field-force-officer-and-f35071-janice-christina-ann-jan-mccarthy-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-raanc-nursing-sister-hanging-out-the-washing-outside\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-officers-of-the-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-raanc-and-one-officer-of-the-australian-red-cross-arc-standing-in-front-of-the-nurses-quarters-located-at-the-british-milita\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-sister-betty-crocker-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-raanc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/six-sisters-of-the-royal-australian-army-nursing-corps-raanc-wave-farewell-from-the-gangplank-of-mv-new-australia-on-embarkation-for-service-in-malaya\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "RAAF Association (NSW Division) - WAAAF Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0459", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raaf-association-nsw-division-waaaf-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Association began in 1946 and was founded by Miss Gwen Stark (later Caldwell). The ex-WAAAF joined the RAAFA (New South Wales Division) as associate members and in 1947 were accepted with full membership.\n", "Details": "At Air Force House in Goulburn Street, Sydney, 1946, 400 ladies attended a meeting to discuss the aims of their group and make plans for its social activities. This group was named The WAAAF General Committee with Miss Gwen Stark elected as first President and Miss Jeanne Simpson as first Secretary.\nThe Branch went through a few name changes until in 1971 it was resolved that the WAAAF Wing would become a branch of the RAAFA, to be known as the WAAAF Branch. It remains the WAAAF Branch today.\nThe aim of the Branch when formed was to maintain friendships developed during the war years and to come together to undertake social activities as well as to raise funds for welfare activities such as equipping a creche and nursery in the city where WAAAF and airmen's wives could leave their children for a few hours. That basic aim is still in place over 50 years later with the Branch maintaining support for its members and offering assistance where needed.\nA quarterly newsletter, WAAAF Chat, is produced by the Branch and provides members with news of upcoming social and official events and reunions along with general interest items.\nOriginally, the Branch held Housie nights and donated all moneys raised to the Headquarters of the RAAFA, where some members are engaged in voluntary work. They attend memorial services, special church services, Anzac Day and Ex-Servicewomen's marches and annual conferences. Members also visit hospitals and institutions of care, keeping in touch with each other through home visits and Department of Veterans' Affairs meetings.\nDuring its early years, the Branch sponsored young underprivileged women to make their debuts at the RAAFA Balls by providing them with clothes and assistance.\nMembers have participated, with other ex-servicewomen's associations, in helping to raise money for the building of 12 self-contained units in Friendship Court at the RSL Veterans Retirement Village, Narrabeen. Also they have contributed to and attended the dedications for the memorial in the Jessie Street Gardens in Loftus Street, Sydney, and the Ex-Servicewomen's memorial in Canberra.\nThe Branch took part in the 'Entombment of the Unknown Soldier' (1993), the march and luncheon held in Canberra for 'Australia Remembers' in 1995 and the Federation Parade in 2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raaf-association-nsw-division-waaaf-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "ACT Feminist Anti-Nuclear Group (FANG)", "Entry ID": "AWE0490", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/act-feminist-anti-nuclear-group-fang\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/act-feminist-anti-nuclear-group-fang-collection-njsn_ac-023\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Voluntary Aid Detachments (VAD)", "Entry ID": "AWE0491", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-aid-detachments-vad\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "Voluntary Aid Detachments were established during World War I by members of the Australian Red Cross and the Order of St John. Members received instruction in first aid and home nursing from the St John Ambulance Association. Initially they worked without pay in hospitals and convalescent homes alongside doctors and nurses. After the war the voluntary service continued. Recruits were drawn from the local area by invitation from a serving member. During the World War II Voluntary Aid Detachment members were given more medical training, but they were not fully qualified nurses. Voluntary Aides worked in convalescent hospitals, on hospital ships and in the blood bank, as well as on the home front.\nIn New South Wales Voluntary Aid Detachments are now part of the Voluntary Aid Service Corps (VASC). To become a member of the Corps, volunteers must hold a current Senior First Aid Certificate. Members provide free first aid at major sporting and cultural events as well as assistance in times of disaster.\n", "Details": "The Australian Red Cross began organising Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) nation-wide as part of Lady Helen Munro Ferguson's appeal \"to the women of Australia\" at the onset of World War I. They soon came to be largely comprised of women. Their scheme followed the policy of the British War Office, and the British Red Cross Society, of which Australia was developing a branch. A number of women had also enrolled in a Voluntary Aid Detachment in 1914 as part of the formation of the New South Wales branch of the British Red Cross Society. By August 1915, the Australian branch of the British Red Cross reported that Victoria and Tasmania also had Voluntary Aid Detachments. In addition Special Voluntary Aid Detachment Committees had been formed in each State Division, and a Committee of the Central Council had been formed. Recognised by the Military, the Voluntary Aid Detachments were at their peak in World War I and World War II, providing first aid, nursing assistance, comforts, domestic assistance and other supports for returned and wounded soldiers. In between the two World Wars, they continued their care for ex-soldiers and their families, raised funds, and moved into civil hospitals, homes and health associations. In 1928, they became a technical reserve of the Army Medical Corps, administered under the Minister of Defence through a Joint Central Council. After World War II, they extended their civilian service, which included the assistance of new immigrants. In January 1948, direct control of the Voluntary Aid Detachments was returned to the Australian Red Cross and St John Ambulance Society. Yet many Voluntary Aid Detachments folded as time went on, States withdrew from this area, and staff worked in a range of other Australian Red Cross services. In New South Wales, however, the Voluntary Aid Detachments were renamed and revamped as the Voluntary Aid Service Corps in 1967, where they still remain active.\n", "Events": "200 Voluntary Aids embark for the Middle East. (1941 - 1941) \nAfter the war the voluntary service continued in hospitals throughout Australia, drawing recruits from local areas by invitation from a serving member (1918 - 1939) \nApproval granted for Voluntary Aids to serve overseas (1941 - 1941) \nAustralian Government recognised the Voluntary Aid Detachments as auxiliaries to the Medical Service, and Voluntary Aids began working in military hospitals in Australia (1916 - 1918) \nDirect control of the Voluntary Aid Detchments was returned to the Australian Red Cross and St John Ambulance Society (1948 - 1948) \nDue to labour shortages Voluntary Aids once again began working in the military hospital system (1939 - 1940) \nDuring World War II Voluntary Aid Detachment members serve in Cairo, Gaza and Ceylon as well as on hospital ships (1941 - 1941) \nThe Australian Army Medical Women's Service established to distinguish between full-time military Voluntary Aids and those attached on a voluntary basis to the aid organisations (1942 - 1942) \nThe Military Board approved the call-up of Voluntary Aids, and the Voluntary Aid Detachment began to be administered as a service within the Army Medical Service (1942 - 1942) \nThe role of Voluntary Aid Detachments expanded and they are now employed in a wide range of positions, including as clerks, ambulance drivers, seamstresses, storekeepers, radiographers, dental orderlies and laundry staff (1941 - 1941) \nVoluntary Aid Detachments became a technical reserve of the Army Medical Corps, administered under the Minister of Defence through a Joint Central Council (1928 - 1948) \nVoluntary Aid Detachments were renamed and revamped as the Voluntary Aid Service Corps (1967 - 1967) \nVoluntary Aids began receiving payment for their duties (1940 - 1940)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vads-in-peace-and-war-the-history-of-voluntary-aid-detachments-in-australia-during-the-20th-century\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-best-p-m-for-the-empire-lady-helen-munro-ferguson-and-the-australian-red-cross-society-1914-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-aid-detachments\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unsung-heroes-australias-military-medical-personnel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nightingales-in-the-mud-the-digger-sisters-of-the-great-war-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/50-years-service-to-humanity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-red-cross-1914-1975-years-of-change\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/red-cross-vas-a-history-of-the-vad-movement-in-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-blue-to-khaki-the-enlisted-voluntary-aids-and-others-who-became-members-of-the-australian-army-medical-womens-service-and-served-from-1941-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-wanted-to-be-there-australian-service-nurses-1899-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/look-what-you-started-henry-a-history-of-the-australian-red-cross-1914-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-files-multiple-number-series\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/registration-of-red-cross-voluntary-aid-detachments-vads\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scheme-for-the-organisation-of-voluntary-aid-in-australia-also-handbook-for-voluntary-aid-detachments-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/change-of-name-of-voluntary-aid-detachment-feminist-club-wakehurst-vad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lila-stocks-nee-mckenzie-voluntary-aid-detachment-and-private-australian-army-medical-womens-service-interviewed-by-angie-michaelis-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-war-of\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jill-edith-linton-nee-oliver-as-a-private-australian-army-medical-womens-service-interviewed-by-angie-michaelis-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archives-of-australia-in-the-war-of-1939-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-kit-voluntary-aid-detachment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-services-on-parade-in-melbourne-and-sydney-news-from-home-no-65\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-patsy-adam-smith-when-the-war-came-to-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-leaders-of-the-australian-red-cross-voluntary-aid-detachment-vad\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-portrait-of-members-of-the-first-vad-voluntary-aid-detachment-contingent-to-travel-overseas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/change-of-title-from-vad-voluntary-aid-detachment-to-aamws-australian-army-medical-womens-service-box-69\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-organizations-and-womens-services-correspondence-concerning-design-of-voluntary-aid-detachment-certificates-and-use-of-the-red-cross-symbol\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-organizations-and-womens-services-voluntary-aid-detachments\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-organizations-voluntary-aid-detachments-vad-memoranda-summaries-and-handbooks-concerning-the-enrolment-and-training-of-women-for-national-emergency\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joint-state-council-vad-voluntary-aid-detachments\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/services-personnel-basis-of-issues-including-australian-womens-land-army-red-cross-vads-voluntary-aid-detachments-and-st-johns-ambulance-brigade\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-a-commission-in-the-a-a-m-c-voluntary-aid-detachments-v-a-d-j-m-snelling-box-69\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/subsidies-australian-red-cross-society-voluntary-aid-detachments\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-a-commission-in-the-a-a-m-c-voluntary-aid-detachments-v-a-d-j-l-christie-box-69\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-aid-detachments-registration\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/organisation-of-vad-voluntary-aid-detachment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-aid-detachments-grants\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ladies-of-voluntary-aid-detachments-marching-past-lady-helen-munro-ferguson-wife-of-the-governor-general-in-front-of-government-house\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/uniforms-for-vad-voluntary-aid-detachment-and-awla-australian-womens-land-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tr-1772-women-in-war-personal-reminiscences-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/army-medical-dental-corps-nurses-and-specialists-applications-for-a-commission-in-the-a-a-m-c-voluntary-aid-detachments-v-a-d-a-r-appleford-box-69\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "RAAF Association (Vic. Division) - WAAAF Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0497", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raaf-association-vic-division-waaaf-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "Following discharge from the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) ex-members expressed a desire to keep in contact. In 1946 the WAAAF Branch of the RAAF Association (Victoria Division) was established with this purpose in mind. Their main aim was to provide a meeting place for ex WAAAF to gather and share experiences and help with the transition from service to civilian life.\n", "Details": "Over 50 years after formation the RAAF Association (Vic. Division) - WAAAF Branch still meets twice a month with a guest speaker invited to one of the meetings. There are 150 members and eight life members who attend commemoration ceremonies, State conferences, annual meetings of the RAAF Associations and re-unions as well as providing both financial and welfare assistance as the need arises. Also members receive a copy of the Contact newsletter produced monthly by the RAAF Association Vic. Div. and a quarterly newsletter produced by the WAAAF Branch. \nEach year members attend the Point Cook Commemoration Services and in the past they have participated in Commonwealth Thanksgiving Services and 60th Anniversary functions. In the grounds of Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance there are two commemorative trees; one in area A and the other in area E. There is a commemorative plaque at the Austin and Repatriation Hospital.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/raaf-association-vic-division-waaaf-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Carlton Refuge", "Entry ID": "AWE0498", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carlton-refuge\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Carlton Refuge was established in 1854 with the aim of reforming prostitutes through a combination of prayer and hard work, which usually meant laundry work. As some prostitutes were also mothers, the care of single mothers became a way of fulfilling its primary goal. By 1860 its role had changed to accepting young unmarried women on their discharge from hospital and by 1880 the major part of the Refuge's work was with those women. Declining demand and alternative means of care brought about its closure in 1949.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reminiscences-of-the-carlton-refuge-1815-to-1919\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-childrens-services-the-history-of-the-carlton-refuge-from-the-1850s-to-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-and-their-children-disposal-punishment-and-survival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1875-1949-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Council of Action for Equal Pay", "Entry ID": "AWE0499", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/council-of-action-for-equal-pay\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Council of Action for Equal Pay (CAEP) functioned as a single issue pressure group with affiliates from trade unions and women's organisations. Its primary aim was to agitate for the implementation of equal pay through the dissemination of information and to support individual organisations in their fight for equal pay. Its formation marked the first conscious movement for equal pay in Australia. Muriel Heagney, a strong advocate of 'the rate for the job' was influential in its establishment and was the driving force of the organisation as its honorary secretary-treasurer from 1939 until its demise.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gender-class-and-work-the-council-of-action-for-equal-pay-campaign-in-australia-during-world-war-11\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/muriel-heagney-and-the-council-of-action-for-equal-pay-1937-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminism-and-class-a-study-of-two-sydney-womens-organisations-during-the-great-depression-and-second-world-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1936-1968-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Ladies Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0500", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "In response to the perceived needs of the 'deserving poor', the Melbourne Ladies Benevolent Society (MLBS) began operations as the Presbyterian Female Visiting Society in August 1845. By 1851, it was known as the MLBS, and retained that name until 1964, when it became the Melbourne Ladies' Welfare Society. The Society supplied food, clothing and other necessities to the respectable poor at home, particularly women in the Fitzroy and surrounding areas. The MLBS was acknowledged as Melbourne's principal relieving agency and played a major role in dispensing social service benefits until the 1940s, when the Commonwealth Government assumed a greater responsibility for social welfare.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-work-during-fifty-years-in-connection-with-the-melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society1845-1895\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-who-helped-pioneers-pages-of-melbourne-history-that-glow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/poor-relief-in-melbourne-the-benevolent-societys-contribution-1845-1893\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-and-their-children-disposal-punishment-and-survival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deserted-and-destitute-motherhood-wife-desertion-and-colonial-welfare\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1850-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-r-c-dunn-addresses-from-the-melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society-november-1891-on-the-occasion-of-her-resignation-from-the-position-of-honourable-treasurer\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0501", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "Officially founded in 1902, with Janet Lady Clarke as president, and continuing today, the National Council of Women of Victoria is an umbrella organisation for a large and diverse number of affiliated Victorian women's groups. It functions as a political lobby group, attempting to influence local, state and federal government. Like all National Councils of Women, it operates though a standing committee system whereby specific issues are brought before the Council and, if there is general agreement that a question should be taken up, a subcommittee is established to investigate the matter.\nUntil the 1940s at least, the Council was a major focal point for women's activism.\nIts initial aims were:\n1. To establish a bond of union between the various affiliated societies.\n2. To advance the interests of women and children and of humanity in general.\n3. To confer on questions relating to the welfare of the family, the State and the Commonwealth.'\nWhile encompassing a diverse range of organisations, the Council emerged as a largely middle-class women's organisation especially in terms of its office bearers.\nAlthough not always an overtly feminist organisation, the NCWV drew on the conviction that women had a special contribution to make to public life and the formulation of social policy. They were thus concerned with a wide array of social reform issues** as well as those more directly related to the legal and social status of women. It also drew on notions of gender unity and international sisterhood.\n[Kate Gray, 'The Acceptable Face of Feminism: the National Council of Women, 1902-1918', MA thesis, University of Melbourne, 1988.]\n", "Details": "Women's organisations affiliated with the National Council of Women of Victoria have a wide range of goals and aims. Thirty five organisations were affiliated in 1902, and 139 by 1977 [Norris, p. 10-11]. These organisations include groups dedicated to philanthropic and reform causes, social and cultural societies as well as professional organisations. These included the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Australian Women's National League, the League of Women voters of Victoria, the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the Business and Professional Women's Club of Melbourne, the National Council of Jewish Women, the Union of Australian Women, the Royal Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch), the Right to Choose Coalition, the Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies, the Women's Electoral Lobby, the Family Planning Association and the Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria.\nAll National Councils of Women, and the International Council of Women, operate though a standing committee system. The process was for specific issues to be brought before the Council by individual delegates. Often the issues were of special interest to one or more affiliated organisations, who may have been working unsuccessfully on them for some time. Once it appeared from preliminary discussions that there was general agreement that a question should be taken up, a subcommittee was established to investigate the matter and draw up recommendations on which the Council could act. The first subcommittee formed in 1902 on the introduction of Police matrons in city and suburban lockups. Other early committees concerned themselves with the establishment of a colony for epileptics, with children playgrounds and with street lighting. Latter standing committees included: Arts and Letters; Child and Family; Education; Health; Home Economics; Internal Relations and Peace; Laws; Mass Media; Social Welfare; Women and Employment; Migration.\nFrom at least 1919, they advocated equal pay for equal work - [Norris, p. 41] but it was not until 1954 that active steps were taken by the Council to promote wage equality for women [Norris, p. 46]\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-acceptable-face-of-feminism-national-council-of-women-1902-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-movement-in-the-new-south-wales-and-victoria-1918-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/champions-of-the-impossible-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1977\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/valuing-the-volunteers-an-anthology-for-the-international-year-of-volunteers-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-brief-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-1902-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nine-decades\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/regional-branches-1927-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forty-years-on-women-still-pioneering-a-collection-of-speeches-from-the-australia-day-womens-ceremony-pioneer-womens-garden-kings-domain-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/50-years-1944-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hints-for-the-busy-housewife\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-at-work-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria-suffrage-and-political-citizenship-1904-14\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oke-marjorie-1911-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1904-1960-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/norris-dame-ada-may-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza-harrison\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1939-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1978-1987-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE0502", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Women of Queensland is an umbrella organisation for a large and diverse number of affiliated Queensland women's groups. It functions as a political lobby group, attempting to influence local, state and federal government.\nIts aims are:\n\u2022 'To unite associations and societies of women, or of men and women, into an organisation for mutual counsel and co-operation.\n\u2022 To advance the interests of humanity, and to confer in questions relating to the welfare of the family, State and Commonwealth.\n\u2022 To join with the National Councils of Women of other Australian States and Territories to form the National Council of Women of Australia which, in turn, is a member of the International Council of Women. (ICW)'\n", "Details": "The Council was founded in 1905 at a public meeting addressed by Mrs Henry Dobson of Tasmania. Twenty-one societies joined; two of which are still active members. Mrs J.T. Bell was the inaugural President. Very clearly from its inception the Council \"was a Council, not an organisation, to provide a common platform for work which is of interest to all, but may be beyond the scope and powers of any one organisation.\"\nLike all National Councils of Women, it operates though a standing committee system whereby specific issues are brought before the Council and, if there is general agreement that a question should be taken up, a subcommittee is established to investigate the matter. Some issues remained on the agenda for many years - peace and improved lifestyles for women and families, employment equality for women and particularly married women, women on juries, shopping hours, women police officers and so on. Other concerns disappeared as satisfactory outcomes resulted.\nOrganisations whose foundation owed much to the National Council of Women of Queensland include the Bush Nursing Association, the Family Planning Association, the Children's Film and Television Council, the first Women's College at the University of Queensland and Meals on Wheels.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-fifty-years-in-the-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-council-of-women-of-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/address-of-welcome-queensland-country-womens-association-and-national-council-of-women-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/address-of-welcome-national-council-of-women-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-queensland-to-entertain-her-royal-highness\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-australia-queensland-branch-mrs-g-l-blyth-brisbane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/resolutions-national-council-of-women-of-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tr-2108-bardon-womens-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om72-57-womens-voluntary-national-register-queensland-state-council-records-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om68-19-association-of-queensland-womens-forum-clubs-records-1943-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/7266-national-council-of-women-of-queensland-minute-books-1905-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/30523-national-council-of-women-queensland-branch-records-1924-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/27604-baird-collection-1927-1948\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of the Australian Capital Territory", "Entry ID": "AWE0503", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-the-australian-capital-territory\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "Founded in 1939, with Mrs Henrietta (Jessie) Daley as president, the National Council of Women of the Australian Capital Territory operates as an umbrella organisation for women's groups in the Territory. It functions as a political lobby group, attempting to influence local, state and federal government.\nIts eight initial affiliated societies were the Canberra Mothercraft Society, Canberra Relief Society, St John's Church of England Ladies Guild, Presbyterian Church Ladies Guild, Canberra community Hospital Auxiliary, Canberra Croquet Club, Women's Hockey Association and the Young Women's Christian Association. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union was another early member.\nSome of its earliest issues of concern included censorship of films shown to children; offensive advertising; liquor trade reform; misbehaviour at the local swimming pool and the better provision of housing and other facilities in Canberra.\nIt was centrally involved in the foundation of institutions and services including the District Nursing Service, the Council of Social Service (ACT), the Child Guidance Clinic as well as services for the elderly.\nIt is affiliated with the National Council of Women Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/capital-women-a-history-of-the-work-of-the-national-council-of-women-a-c-t-in-canberra-1939-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-influence-national-council-of-women-act-1979-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-helen-crisp-1939-1983-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/associations-individual-national-council-of-women-helen-craven-crisp\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-book-national-council-of-women-of-the-australian-capital-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-act-commonwealth-bridges-over-molonglo-building-of\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-the-australian-capital-territory-emergency-housekeeper-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0097-national-council-of-women-act-inc-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Temporary Teachers' Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0506", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temporary-teachers-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Temporary Teachers' Club was formed in October 1955 in response to pressure from the increasing numbers of qualified married women teachers who felt that marriage should not be a bar to permanent employment in the Victorian state teaching service. As a section of the Victorian Teachers' Union, it maintained pressure on that organisation to negotiate with the Victorian Government to legislate for the removal of the marriage bar. It could claim qualified success when appropriate legislation was passed in October 1956.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/of-secondary-concern-women-in-the-victorian-secondary-teachers-association-1953-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1954-1960-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council for the Single Mother and her Child (Australia)", "Entry ID": "AWE0507", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-for-the-single-mother-and-her-child-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The National Council for the Single Mother and her Child (NCSMC), established in 1973, evolved from the Victorian based Council for the Single Mother and her Child, which was formed in 1970 to advocate on behalf of single mothers and their children. Embracing the concept of self-help, it campaigned successfully for the introduction of a Supporting Mothers' Benefit, and supported single mothers who kept their children. The national body campaigned to abolish the legal construct of illegitimacy and to establish family courts to deal with affiliation proceedings and maintenance and custody rights. It continues to fight for the essential rights of all sole parent families.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-who-keep-their-children-disposal-punishment-and-survival-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/single-mothers-who-keep-their-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1970-ca-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Army Service Association (Victoria) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0508", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-association-victoria-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "Incorporated as an association in October 1985 the Australian Women's Army Service Association (Victoria) Inc. was originally established during the 1950's. At that time a loose-knit group of ex-service members of the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS), under the leadership of Colonel Sybil Irving MBE, formed a Re-union committee.\nThe Association still follows the initial aims of the committee which are to arrange reunions and to further the fellowship and interests of ex-service members of the Australian Women's Army Service, the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps and the female members of the Australian Military Forces.\nEach August the Association conducts a reunion luncheon. Also a group known as the R & R Group arrange a monthly outing - usually to some place of interest followed by lunch that is easily accessed by public transport. Four times a year all financial members receive a newsletter, which disseminates information regarding outings, financial matters etc.\nThe AWAS Association (Vic.) was a leader in the formation of the Council of Ex-Servicewomen's Associations (Vic.) Inc., bringing delegates from all the war-time women's services together with the peace-time services.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-awas-association-vic-inc\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Army Service Association (WA) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0520", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-association-wa-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "Australian Women's Army Service Association (WA) Inc. was formed in Perth, Western Australia 1947. It was originally established to extend welfare assistance, promote social gatherings and foster goodwill to former members of the Australian Women's Army Service, especially by way of annual reunions. As the need arose the Association become involved with pension and aged care assistance.\n", "Details": "In 1947 the Australian Women's Army Service Association (WA) Inc. was formed after a public meeting was held in Perth. The Association was originally established to extend welfare assistance, promote social gatherings and foster goodwill to former members of the Australian Women's Army Service, especially by way of annual reunions. As the need arose the Association become involved with pension and aged care assistance.\nEach year the Association holds a reunion as well as other gatherings arranged by the committee. Also members are hospital and army museum volunteers and participate in contingent marches on Anzac Day. A quarterly newsletter is sent to members informing them of current developments and Association news.\nIn 1966 the Association presented seats, a sundial and birdbath to the Returned & Services League War Veterans' Home in Mt Lawley. A year later a time capsule was buried under the birdbath and unveiled at the 2002 annual reunion. In 1991, at the National Reunion for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Service, 805 members with the West Command Band were in attendance. A contingent of over 50 members went to Darwin for the Australia Remembers celebrations held in 1995 and in 2001 members attended a diamond jubilee celebration.\nThe Association has lodged paybooks, uniforms and other memorabilia with the Army Museum, Fremantle and the Princess Royal Fortress, Albany.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/awas-association-a-tribute\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-association-1947-1997-culled-recollections\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-mavis-mackenzie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vale-strawb-james-v-president-awas-assn-wa-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-association-western-australia-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Justices' Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0522", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-justices-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Women Justices' Association of Victoria was formed in Melbourne on 30 June 1938 with the aim of uniting women justices, women special magistrates and women commissioners for the taking of affidavits throughout Victoria, all honorary appointments, 'in a bond of mutual help and support'. It worked to increase the number of appointments of women and to encourage those women to exercise their privileges. It remained active until 1971 when declining numbers, the result of fewer women available for voluntary work, forced it reconsider its role. In 1972 it reformed to become the Australian branch of the International Association of Youth Magistrates.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1939-1974-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Principals Association (Vic.)", "Entry ID": "AWE0523", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-principals-association-vic\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Women Principals Association (Victoria), as it was known from the late 1960s, was formed in July 1940 as the Association of Head Mistresses of Girls' Schools. Its membership comprised the Head Mistresses of the thirteen government girls' schools in existence at that time. It aimed 'to discuss topics of general educational interest and particularly matters bearing directly on girls' schools and their organisation'. It advocated strongly for the interests of students in girls' schools to ensure that they enjoyed the same conditions and opportunities as students in boys or co-educational high schools. In the 1970s it vigorously defended the retention of girls' schools in the state education system.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1976-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Medical Women's Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-medical-womens-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Medical Women's Society (VMWS), the pioneer medical women's organisation in Australia, was founded in 1896 as the Women's Medical Association, at the University of Melbourne Medical School. It was established to forge a closer relationship between medical women graduates and undergraduates and to promote the interests of medical women and further their professional development by education, research and improvement of professional opportunities.\nBy 1898 it had evolved into a postgraduate society, with meetings held in the consulting rooms of members. In 1927 it formed part of the Australian Federation of Medical Women. It continues to promote the health and welfare of all Australians, in particular women and children.\nIt promotes the health and welfare of all Australians, in particular women and children.\n", "Details": "Members of the Victorian Medical Women's Society founded the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women and Babies in 1896, the first hospital in Australia to be staffed entirely by women doctors. Dr Constance Stone was elected the first president of the VMWS with Dr Lillian Alexander its first Honorary Secretary. It celebrated its twenty-five year anniversary with a congress which displayed the activities of the hospital through demonstrations and lectures, and in March 1996 it marked its centenary with a conference held at the Monash Medical Centre. Although the VMWS celebrated its centenary in 1996, it is noted that its foundation meeting was held at the East Melbourne home of Dr Constance Stone on 22 March 1895. Others present included Clara Stone, Mary Page Stone, Lillian Alexander, Elizabeth and Annie O'Hara, Helen Sexton, Grace Vale and Margaret Whyte.\nIn addition to promoting the health and welfare of all Australians the VMWS continues to further the professional development of medical women and produces its own newsletter.\nAs of 2004,the VWMS:\nHolds bi-monthly meetings, at which a guest speaker presents a topic of clinical or medico-social consequence.\nHold meeting\/workshops with other groups of professional women incorporating matters of mutual interest.\nSends a bi-monthly newsletter to members.\nProvides an annual directory of members annually to encourage professional net-working.\nProvides mentoring opportunities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-medical-womens-society-book-of-memories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1912-1980-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0525", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Women of Western Australia was founded in 1911, largely due to the efforts of Lady Edeline Strickland (wife of the Governor of Western Australia) who became its first president. It is a non-party, non-sectarian, umbrella organisation for a large and diverse number of affiliated women's groups in Western Australia.\nIt functions as a political lobby group, attempting to influence local, state and federal government. The Council has supported a wide range of social reform activities, particularly those related to education and to women's, children's and family welfare. While not an overtly feminist organisation, it provided a major focus for, predominantly middle-class, women's activism until at least the 1940s. Unlike many other states, however, the Council had strong competition from the Women's Service(s) Guild of Western Australia for leadership of the women's movement.\nIts initial aims were:\n1. 'To establish a bond of union between the various affiliated societies.\n2. To advance the interests of women and children and of humanity in general.\n3. To confer on questions relating to the welfare of the family, the State and the Commonwealth.'\n", "Details": "Like all National Councils of Women, it operates though a standing committee system whereby specific issues are brought before the Council and, if there is general agreement that a question should be taken up, a subcommittee is established to investigate the matter.\nAmong the groups affiliated with the Council in the 1910s were the: Women's Service(s) Guild; Woman's Christian Temperance Union; Karrakatta Club; British Immigration Association; Metropolitan Women's Workers' Union; Children's Protection Society; Ministering Children's League; Western Australian Trained Nurses Association; Girls' Friendly Society and the Mothers' Union. Among the earliest issues to attract the Council's attention were: free kindergartens; women's health; school medical services; prison reform; provision for domestic science in schools and the university; venereal diseases bill; film censorship; women jurors; women police; anti-gambling legislation.\nCurrent affiliated organisations include the : Zonta Club of South Perth; Young Women's Christian Organisation of WA' War Widows Guild; Nation Council of Jewish Women; Australian Federation of University Women; Catholic Women's League; Guides WA; Home Economics Association of WA; Soroptimists International; State Women's Council of the Liberal Party.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-spirit-lives-on-1911-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-sexuality-and-feminism-perths-womens-organisations-1938-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-western-australia-records-1911-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1881-1959-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1882-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1877-1951-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-to-the-child-endowment-commission-1926-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) Association of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE0527", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-awas-association-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) Association of Queensland was established in January 1981 with the aim of fostering and strengthening the ties between ex-members of the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS). The Association keeps in contact with members in Queensland as well as those living interstate and overseas.\nTo help in disseminating information a quarterly newsletter is sent to members advising them of Association activities. These include monthly meetings, luncheons, coach tours and fellowships.\nThe Association has placed AWAS plaques at various places around the world including the War Museum, Gallipoli; Australia House, London; University of Queensland, St Lucia; and in the ANZAC Square Crypt, Currumbin War Memorial, RSL Currumbin.\nThe Association participates in ANZAC Day Parades as well as organising its own reunions (Gold Coast - 1982, 1984, 1991, 1997, and 2001; Cairns - 1986, 1991 and 1995; Toowoomba 1989 and Townsville 1993).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/awas-association-of-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/3336-australian-womens-army-service-association-queensland-inc-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Sybil Irving Memorial Fund Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0539", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-sybil-irving-memorial-fund-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Commemoration", "Summary": "Sybil Irving's friends and colleagues felt that her great contribution to the community, through her concern for the happiness and welfare of others, should not be forgotten.\nA National Memorial Committee was formed to appeal for subscriptions. This brought response from all states and overseas.\nA chain of memorials around Australia was planned - one in each capital city. The culmination was the unveiling, by Her Excellency Lady Cowen, of the memorial in Commonwealth Gardens, Canberra on 11 March 1979.\n", "Details": "The Sybil Irving Memorial Fund Committee\nNational Chairman\nMiss May Douglas, OBE - Girl Guides, AWAS, AAMWS\nDeputy Chairman\nMiss Mabel Cooper, MBE - Girl Guides\nHonorary Secretary\nMiss Maureen White - Australian Red Cross Society\nHonorary Treasurer\nMiss J Strahan - Council on the Ageing\nCommittee\nMiss Jean Wood, OBE - Girl Guides, AWAS\nMiss P Adam-Smith - AWAS\nMiss R M Alsop - Australian Red Cross Society\nColonel K M Fowler - WRAAC\nMiss A McArthur Campbell - Girl Guides, Crippled Childrens' Assn, Army\nMiss D Madden - AWAS\nMiss M S Williamson - AAMWS, WRAAC\nMr A Wimpole - (Legal Advisor) Army\nState Representatives\nQueensland\nMiss Dorothea Skov - AWAS\nSouth Australia\nMiss O J Michelmore - AWAS \nTasmania\nMrs Sefton Taylor - Girl Guides, Red Cross\nWestern Australia\nMrs B Clinton - AWAS, Red Cross\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Political Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0541", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-political-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Federal Political Association, the forerunner of the Women's Political Association, was established in 1903, with Vida Goldstein as president, to educate women in political matters. Men were not excluded from membership. In March 1904 it changed its name to the Women's Political Association of Victoria with the aim of organising more efficiently women's votes in the interests of the home and children, of efficient government at all levels, and of improved social and industrial conditions. In an attempt to challenge the party ticket system, the WPA declared itself to be non party political and refused to affiliate with any political party, although its sympathies lay with the Australian Labor Party. Goldstein believed that party politics subsumed the interests of women. The WPA supported Goldstein in her attempts to be elected to the federal parliament and adopted a pacifist stance in World War One. It disbanded in 1919 when Goldstein travelled overseas.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/that-dangerous-and-persuasive-woman-vida-goldstein\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-protest-movements-the-womens-peace-army-and-the-save-our-sons-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-role-of-certain-women-and-womens-organisations-in-politics-in-new-south-wales-and-victoria-between-1900-and-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-political-association-1903-1919-a-study-in-militant-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-voter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radical-melbourne-a-secret-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lady-politician-vida-goldsteins-first-senate-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-great-war-and-the-scarlet-scourge-debates-about-venereal-diseases-in-melbourne-during-world-war-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminists-labour-women-and-venereal-disease-in-early-twentieth-century-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jennie-baines-suffrage-and-an-australian-connection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-enthusiasms-of-adela-pankhurst-walsh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-baron-henry-stafford-northcote-1908-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-1897-1919-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-leslie-m-henderson-circa-1880-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-january-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-chronicle-between-1950-and-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-cuttings-book-presented-to-edith-how-martyn-1943-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-diaries-and-lectures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-vida-goldstein-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-newspaper-cuttings-relating-to-her-candidature-for-the-federal-senate-in-1903\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Peace Army", "Entry ID": "AWE0542", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-peace-army\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Peace Army was established on 15 July 1915 at the offices of the Women's Political Association, in an attempt to mobilise the women in Australia who opposed all war, regardless of political party membership. It was to be a fighting body to destroy militarism 'with the same spirit of self-sacrifice that soldiers showed on the battlefield'. 'We war against war' was the motto of the Women's Peace Army. Their flag took the feminist colours of purple, green and white. The most well-known members were Vida Goldstein, president, Cecilia John and Adela Pankhurst. With autonomous branches in Sydney and Brisbane, the Women's Peace Army projected a radical, militant image with its socialist anti-war ideology and attracted large numbers to its sometimes controversial public meetings. Other tactics included participation in peace demonstrations, support for peace candidates at elections, petitions to members of parliament and practical help to those disadvantaged by war. It participated in the anti-conscription campaigns of 1916 and 1917. With the end of the Great War, the Women's Peace Army went into recess on 18 December 1919.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-voter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-peace-army\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/put-up-the-sword\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-unwritten-history-of-adela-pankhurst-walsh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blood-votes-and-the-bestial-boche-a-case-study-in-propaganda\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heroines-and-heroes-sexual-mythology-in-australia-1914-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-protest-movements-the-womens-peace-army-and-the-save-our-sons-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radical-melbourne-a-secret-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-fighting-for\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-vida-goldstein-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-diaries-and-lectures\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-cuttings-book-presented-to-edith-how-martyn-1943-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-goldstein-chronicle-between-1950-and-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/vida-goldstein-1869-1949-january-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-leslie-m-henderson-circa-1880-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-various-australian-women-19-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of Tasmania", "Entry ID": "AWE0543", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-tasmania\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Women of Tasmania was founded in 1899, in response to an invitation from the Countess of Aberdeen (then president of the International Council of Women) for Tasmania to be represented at the International Council of Women Congress in London that year. Its inaugural meeting, on the 20 May 1899 was organised by Mrs J. S. Dodds, wife of the Tasmanian Administrator. The initial committee also included Emily Dobson(wife of former Premier Henry Dobson), who was active in a large number of women's groups, and who was later vice-president (1900-1903) and then president (1904-1934) of the Council.\nIt is a non-party, non-sectarian, umbrella organisation for a large and diverse number of affiliated Tasmanian women's groups. It functions as a political lobby group, attempting to influence local, state and federal government. It provided a major focus for, predominantly middle-class, women's activism until at least the 1940s. The Council has supported a wide range of social reform activities, particularly those related to education and to women's, children's and family welfare.\nIts aims are:\n\u2022 'To provide a strong network and a means for affiliated groups to support each other, and\n\u2022 To work together on matters of mutual interest or concern, as well as links with the wider community;\n\u2022 To promote the best interests of women and their families and people in general;\n\u2022 To confer and provide a two-way flow of information on issues related to the welfare of the family, the state and the Commonwealth;\n\u2022 To work in every way for the application of equity, social justice (the Golden Rule) and improvements in quality of life in a sustainable environment, for everyone.'\n", "Details": "33 women's groups were present at the first meeting of the council, including the Queen's Fund, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Dorcas Society, Girls' Industrial School, Magdalen Home, Ladies' Christian Association, Ragged Schools, Southern Tasmanian Ministering Children's League, Women's Sanitary Association, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Young Women's Institute, Young Women's Christian Association, anchorage Refuge Home, Nursing Association, Night School, anchor club, Convalescent Home, Blind Society (Women's Committee), Art society, Hamilton Literary Association and the Chalmers Literary Association.\n25 groups initially affiliated.\n[Source: Gladys S Dodson (ed.), History of the National Council of Women of Tasmania Inc, National Council of Women of Tasmania, Hobart, 1999]\nGroups affiliated with the National Council of Women of Tasmania currently include:\nProfessional Groups:\n\u2022 Australian Federation of University Women, Inc., Tasmania - Sth. Branch\n\u2022 Australian Nursing Federation. Inc. Tasmania\n\u2022 Business & Professional Women's Club of Hobart\n\u2022 Dietitians Association of Australia-Tasmanian Branch\n\u2022 Home Economics Institute of Australia, Tasmania\n\u2022 Soroptimist International of Hobart\n\u2022 Working Womens' Centre, Tasmania\n\u2022 Zonta International - Glenorchy and Upper Derwent\nReligious groups:\n\u2022 Baha'i Council for Advancement of Women - Tasmania;\n\u2022 Catholic Women's League, Tasmania and most of its branches ;\n\u2022 Churches of Christ Christian Women's Fellowship\n\u2022 Salvation Army\n\u2022 Seventh Day Adventist Church\n\u2022 Uniting Church Fellowship - Tasmania Derwent Presbytery\n\u2022 Women's International Zionist Organisation -Tasmania\nWelfare and Service Groups:\n\u2022 Caroline House, Inc.\n\u2022 Child Health Association, Inc. - Sth. Tasmania\n\u2022 Council of Auxiliaries of Royal Hobart Hospital\n\u2022 Council on the Ageing, Tasmania Inc (Reciprocal)\n\u2022 Ethnic Communities Council, Inc. Tasmania, (Reciprocal)\n\u2022 Hobart District Nursing Service\n\u2022 Hobart Women's Health Centre\n\u2022 Holyoake, Inc.\n\u2022 National Association for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect - Tas. Inc.\n\u2022 Nursing Mother's Association\n\u2022 Pregnancy Support Service\n\u2022 TasCOSS (Reciprocal)\n\u2022 Tasdec Centre for Global Learning\n\u2022 Task Force Action for Migrant Women\n\u2022 Tasmanian Council of the Ageing - reciprocal affiliation)\n\u2022 Women's Christian Temperance Union[ a founding organisation, affiliated continuously since 1899 ]\n\u2022 Women's Action Alliance - Tasmania\n\u2022 Women's International League for Peace and Freedom-Tasmania\nThe National Council of Women of Tasmania has 20 standing committees flowing from the International Council of Women Standing committees, dealing with sub-categories of these issues, for example, Ageing, Agriculture, Arts Letters and Music, Child and Family, Economics, Environment and Habitat, Laws and Status of Women, International Relations and Peace. Social Welfare, Women and Employment. The delegates from the affiliated organisations work at state, national and international levels with the conveners of the standing committees.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-tasmania-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/leading-ladies-women-and-film-censorship-in-early-twentieth-century-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-few-viragos-on-a-stump-the-womanhood-suffrage-campaign-in-tasmania-1880-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-public-role-of-women-in-tasmania-1803-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-henry-dobson-victorian-do-gooder-or-sincere-social-reformer-an-analysis-of-her-charitable-and-public-welfare-work-in-the-1890s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/emily-dobson-1842-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-minutes-and-associated-papers-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mollie-campbell-smith-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-and-associated-papers-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jocelynne-scutt-1982-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-correspondence-and-associated-papers-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/administrative-folders\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-correspondence-subject-files-and-associated-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0545", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Women of South Australia is a non-party, non-sectarian, umbrella organisation for a large and diverse number of affiliated women's groups.\nFounded in 1902, with Lady Way (the Governor's wife) as president, Its inaugural meeting was addressed by Catherine Helen Spence, who also became its vice-president. The initial group, however, foundered and became inactive around 1909. The Council was revived in 1920 with Lady Hackett as president.\nThe Council functions as a political lobby group, attempting to influence local, state and federal government. Like all National Councils of Women, it operates though a standing committee system whereby specific issues are brought before the Council and, if there is general agreement that a question should be taken up, a subcommittee is established to investigate the matter.\nIt provided a major focus for predominantly, middle-class, women's activism until at least the 1940s. Although not an overtly feminist organisation, the Council has supported a wide range of social reform activities, particularly those related to education and to women's, children's and family welfare.\nIts aims are:\n1. To promote the interest of women and to secure their proper recognition in the community.\n2. To educate and uplift the outlook of the community on the status of women, the importance of the family, and the nurture and upbringing of children.\n3. To provide a bond of union between women's organisations, and a means of co-ordinated expressions for the societies affiliated with the Council.\n4. To represent the interests of women in general before Parliament, local governing bodies and the Courts.\n5. To promote the moral and social welfare of the community.\n", "Details": "At least 10 organisations joined the first National Council of Women of South Australia in 1902, including the: Young Women's Christian Association; Mother's Union; Woman's Christian Temperance Union; Effective Voting League; Presbyterian Women's Missionary Union; Methodist Ladies Foreign Missions Auxiliary; Working Women's Trade Union; Women's Branch of the Single Tax League and the Girl's Literary Society.\n21 groups affiliated to the new Council in 1920, including the: Adelaide Rescue Committee; Adelaide Theosophical Society; Army Nurses Fund; Australian Board of Missions; Australian Trained Nurses Association; Catholic Women's League; Congregational Church Women's Society; Girls' Friendly Society; Free Kindergarten Union; Women Teachers' Progressive League; School for Mothers; Young Women's Christian Association; Women's Branch National Party; Liberal Women's Educational Association; Traveller's aid Society; Women's Teachers' Association. Later, groups such as the Jewish Women's Guild, the Housewives Association and the Country Women's Association also joined the Council. Eight Standing Committees were also formed: Press, Peace and Arbitration, Social, Legislation and Economics, Education, Public Health, Housewives and Immigration. Among the first subject discussed at Council meetings were: registration of nurses and midwives; hours of work for probationary nurse, government reserves for Aborigines; women on hospital boards; the need for a children's court; the cost of living; divorce laws; the nationality of married women; penal reform; the care of migrant women; widows pensions; maternity bonuses; infant and maternal mortality and the detection and training of 'mental defectives'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-in-sic-south-australia-1902-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-south-australia-1920-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/whats-next-the-continuing-history-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-south-australia-1980-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-south-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-and-planning-key-issues\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/planning-now-for-the-future-with-special-emphasis-on-the-southern-adelaide-region\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greater-than-their-knowing-a-glimpse-of-south-australian-women-1836-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/barbara-j-pitt-writes-at-all-times-in-every-community-there-are-women-who-are-concerned-with-maintaining-and-improving-the-quality-of-life-in-this-article-she-describes-their-work-in-the-national\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-city-as-a-site-of-women-teachers-post-suffrage-activism-adelaide-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/radio-interview-with-may-mills-sound-recording-interviewer-lynne-arnold\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-s-a-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-names-of-south-australian-women-who-served-in-world-war-ii-research-paper\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-south-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-davey-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-hilfers-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-national-council-of-women-of-south-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Governesses' Institute and Melbourne Home", "Entry ID": "AWE0549", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/governesses-institute-and-melbourne-home\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Governesses' Institute and Melbourne Home opened in Melbourne in 1863 with the aim of accommodating governesses, shop women, needlewomen and servants and to provide a central employment registry in a self-supporting institution. Its forerunner, the Melbourne Female Home, which opened in September 1857 in temporary premises in Collingwood, provided shelter only for newly arrived single female immigrants who were without friends in the colony. The Governesses' Institute occupied a number of premises over the course of its existence in Little Lonsdale St. Melbourne, \"Wynamo\" in St Kilda and \"Lovell House\" in Caulfield. The governing body comprised a central committee, with nine local or suburban committees. A matron was employed to supervise the Home and its occupants. Strict rules applied; women were only admitted if they arrived on a week day, could pay a week's board in advance and were without children. In 1863 Mrs Laura Jane a'Beckett was elected secretary of the management committee of six men and twenty-six women. It closed in 1936.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-governesses-letters-from-the-colonies-1862-1882\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-lady-in-every-sense-of-the-word-a-study-of-the-governess-in-australian-colonial-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1856-1936-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Catalysts' Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0550", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-catalysts-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Catalysts' Society developed out of the meetings of nineteen women with intellectual interests who planned to establish a Lyceum Club in Melbourne in 1910. The meetings proved so enjoyable that the women decided to meet on a regular basis while waiting for the Lyceum Club to be established. The nineteen original Catalysts held their first dinner meeting on 24 September 1910 at Sargent's Caf\u00e9. At that meeting they elected Ethel Osborne as president and Alice Michaelis and Jessie Webb as joint secretaries. They adopted the name of 'The Catalysts'. At their second meeting they chose their motto 'Changing but Unchanged'. Enid Derham presented the first paper on 'The works of Thomas Hardy', which was followed by discussion. This format for the monthly meetings continues today.\n", "Details": "The original Catalysts were:\nDr Ethel Osborne, Dr Janet Lindsay Greig, Miss Jessie Webb, Miss Enid Derham, Dr Constance Ellis, Dr Georgina Sweet, Dr Jane Greig, Flos Greig, Mrs Ray Phillips, Miss Alice Michaelis, Mrs Mary Barden, Miss Dora de Beer, Miss Stella Deakin, Miss Elizabeth Lothian, Mrs Ida Latham, Mrs Eleanor Latham, Miss Mona McBurney, Miss Mary Baldwin and Mrs Jessie Nott.\nThe meetings of the Catalysts are held on the second Monday of the month at the Lyceum Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-lyceum-club-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1910-2013-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1912-ca-1970-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0551", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) of Western Australia was founded in 1892, inspired by the visit of Jessie Ackerman, the second world missionary of the American Union. The group is primarily dedicated to promoting total abstinence from alcohol and other harmful drugs and all members sign a pledge to this effect. Under its broader agenda of 'home protection' and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, however, it has been involved in wide range of social and political reform activities mostly relating to the welfare of women and children. Importantly, influenced by its sister organisation in the United States, the WCTU became a major supporter of the campaign for women's suffrage in Australia as it was believed that power at the ballot box was the only way to achieve their goals. While at its most influential in the years up to WWI, the movement still continues today.\n", "Details": "The first local Union In Western Australia was formed in York, with another five soon following, and by August 1891 a Colonial Union with 155 members had been established.\nAs well as campaigning for restrictions on the sale of alcohol, early activities of the groups revolved around prison work, establishing a sailor's rest as well as children's and youth groups. By at least 1893 the Union also adopted the cause of women's suffrage. The Union continued to expand its activities - creating refuge homes, campaigning against gambling, smoking and other drugs, and producing education literature.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-women-aboriginal-women-and-the-vote-in-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-strength-of-white-ribbon-a-year-by-year-record-of-the-centennial-history-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-western-australia-inc-ten-decades-of-service-for-god-home-and-humanit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-sexuality-and-feminism-perths-womens-organisations-1938-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-feminine-temperance-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-western-australia-1892-1900\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-c-t-u-newsletter\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1935-1937-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-nola-adams-sound-recording-interviewed-by-laura-bryant\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Pre-School Association. Victorian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0553", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-pre-school-association-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Pre-School Association, previously named the Australian Association for Pre-School Child Development, established in 1939, is the national association for the advancement of pre-school development. All major voluntary agencies in Australia who work in the field of pre-school education are affiliates. The Victorian branch was established in 1948 and is acknowledged as the representative voluntary pre-school body in the state. Its role is to make a co-ordinated approach to the state government when legislation related to pre-school groups is being prepared, when standards in pre-school centres are being negotiated or when requests for improved subsidies are under discussion. As a lobby group it has greatly strengthened the pre-school voice.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-australian-pre-school-association-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-to-executive-meeting-australian-pre-school-association-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1986-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Women of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE0555", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Founded in 1896 (the first such council in Australia) the National Council of Women of New South Wales is a non-party, non-sectarian, umbrella organisation for a large and diverse number of affiliated women's organisations. It functions as a political lobby group, particularly for the interests of women and children, attempting to influence local, state and federal government, and as a coordinating body to enable concerted effort on specific issues. The Council emerged as a largely middle-class women's organisation and, until the 1940s at least, was a major focal point for such women's activism. Although not overtly feminist, the Council has campaigned for a wide range of social and political reforms.\n", "Details": "The National Council of Women of New South Wales was founded on 26 June 1896 at a public meeting in the Sydney Town Hall. Its formation was largely instigated by Margaret Windeyer, its first honorary secretary, supported by Rose Scott, who was a member of the executive committee from 1896-1921 and also served as International Secretary. The eleven original affiliated groups outlined a very broad agenda:\n\u2022 'To promote the social, civil, moral and religious welfare of the community;\n\u2022 To work for the removal of all disabilities of women, whether legal, economic or social;\n\u2022 To promote such conditions of life as would assure to every child an opportunity for full and free development.'\nBy 1936 it included 68 organisations; rising to 108 by 1978.\nAlthough encompassing a diverse range of organisations, the Council has always been dominated by women of the middle and upper classes. Its first five presidents (1899-1918) were wives or daughters of the incumbent governor of New South Wales.\nLike all National Councils of Women, it operates though a standing committee system whereby specific issues are brought before the Council and, if there is general agreement that a question should be taken up, a subcommittee is established to investigate the matter. Women's suffrage was the first issue taken up by the Council and its early concerns included the provision of Domestic Economy class in public schools; temperance; the need for Women Factory Inspectors; improved working conditions for women; the establishment of Kindergartens and Nursery Schools. In 1908 they established the Alice Rawson School for Mothers out of which emerged the Baby Health Clinics administered by the Department of Health from 1914. Later they concentrated on legal reforms such as the Nationality of Married Women and Guardianship of Children. In 1929 the Council established the Board of Social Study and Training which pioneered the training of social workers until it was taken over by the University of Sydney.\nOther fields of activity\/interest for the Council have included: the extension of health and education services; widows pensions; integration of migrants; children welfare and social welfare; nursing standards; family maintenance; legal marriage age; youth problems; consumer protection and standards of quality; unemployment insurance; road safety; welfare of the aged; hire purchase; drug addiction housing and town planning; welfare of Aborigines; a Women's Bureau; community centres; parks and playgrounds; shopping hours; women police; children's flammable clothing; driver's licences (women's); apprenticeship for girls; marriage guidance; prison reform; film censorship; care of the 'feeble minded'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-of-an-informal-conference-with-mrs-may-wright-sewell-president-of-the-international-council-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-womens-organisations-in-new-south-wales-1896-1978-national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/white-slave-traffic-petition-from-certain-officers-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-against\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seventy-five-years-1896-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-nsw-program-for-the-launch-of-the-centenary-stamp-issue-and-a-complete-set-of-the-issue-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-further-papers-1895-1981\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-nsw-inc-further-records-1926-1927-1937-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-1895-1897\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-further-records-1895-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-family-manuscript-and-pictorial-material-1777-1925\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/box-09-fry-family-papers-of-edith-fry-1881-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-records-1895-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rose-scott-papers-1862-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-arnot-memorial-luncheon-book-of-honour-1994-1997-being-a-selected-compilation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/windeyer-family-papers-1827-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales-further-records-ca-1891-2002\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Austral Salon of Music, Literature and the Arts", "Entry ID": "AWE0556", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-austral-salon-of-music-literature-and-the-arts\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Austral Salon of Music, Literature and the Arts was founded by a small group of women journalists in Melbourne as a club for women writers. It developed into a club for artistic and intellectual women interested in any of the fine arts and provided an important entre for many aspiring women musicians. The Salon continues it main aim of encouraging young artists by awarding scholarships and hosting student performances.\n", "Details": "The Salon was one of the first four groups to affiliate with the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902. Such artists as Ada Crossley, Amy Castles, Nellie Melba, Florence Autral, Marjorie Lawrence, Denise Dowling and Tilly Ashton were first heard at the Austral Salon.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-memories-of-the-austral-salon\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-austral-salon-1890-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gentlewomen's Aid Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0565", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gentlewomens-aid-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Williamstown, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Gentlewomen's Aid Society was established in 1894 in the Williamstown home of Mrs John Clark, wife of the Reverend Clark, in an attempt to assist the many 'gentlewomen' who were left destitute as a result of the 1890s economic depression. Eligibility for membership rested on a recommendation from a committee member, a medical practitioner or a clergyman stating that the applicant was in genuine need of the Society's assistance. The Society held two Sales of Work a year in a public hall to enable 'those ladies who are dependent on their own exertions to sell their work' and were either too frail or too old to battle the commercial world. The Society depended on donations and subscriptions to assist with operating costs. It remained in existence until 1989, when it was dissolved as a result of dwindling membership and declining demand for assistance the Society offered.\n", "Details": "In its annual reports the Gentlewomen's Aid Society stated that it offered assistance 'to any poor gentlewomen in Victoria, and is unsectarian, and the ladies of the Committee wish that its aims should be more widely known and understood, that, being more generally supported, they may be enabled to extend its usefulness'. A definition of 'gentlewoman' was 'a woman of good birth or breeding; a lady'. Although it was a registered charity organisation, it did not receive government aid.\nAfter each Sale of Work members received the full amount that their work realised, with any unsold articles returned to them. Expenses were defrayed by sale of tickets, donations and subscriptions and by profits from refreshment and sweet stalls.\nAfter all the expenses were paid and contingencies provided for, the Committee spent the balance buying useful garments which were sent to the various hospitals and asylums, which meant that not only did the Society assist its members, it helped those in other charitable institutions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1909-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (RAAFNS)", "Entry ID": "AWE0573", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-australian-air-force-nursing-service-raafns\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "Established in July 1940 The Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (RAAFNS) personnel expanded from 45 in December 1940 to 616 in December 1945. Miss Margaret Irene Lang was appointed Matron-in-Chief and her staff's conditions of service were similar to those of the Australian Army Nursing Service. The nurses were originally attached to Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) bases in Australia, and later in New Guinea and the Pacific Islands. With the Medical Air Evacuation Transport Unit (MAETU), established in 1944, nurses helped with aerial evacuation of casualties and were involved with the liberation of Prisoners of War from Singapore and other areas. The service was disbanded at the end of the war, but in 1948 a peace-time service was formed and RAAF nurses have served in the Korean War, the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War. They continue to attend to the sick and injured at RAAF hospitals.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/world-war-ii-nursing-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/story-of-the-raaf-nursing-service-1940-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-air-force\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joyce-catherine-anne-connolly-nee-patterson-as-a-flight-officer-royal-australian-air-force-nursing-service-interviewed-by-angie-michaelis-for-the-keith-murdoch-sound-archive-of-australia-in-the-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-group-of-members-of-the-raaf-nursing-service-model-outdoors-their-flying-uniform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/doherty-muriel-knox-rrc-matron-aans-and-raaf-nursing-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commandant-janice-webb-later-hilton-australian-red-cross-arc-left-and-wing-officer-betty-docker-matron-of-4-raaf-hospital-at-butterworth-malaysia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Children's Aid Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0574", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-childrens-aid-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Children's Aid Society, originally named the Presbyterian Society for Neglected and Destitute Children, was established with the aim of rescuing 'neglected and destitute children'. Its officers comprised a president, two vice presidents, a secretary and a committee. Although an initiative of the Presbyterian Church, by October 1894, it became interdenominational and independent, with its name changed to the Victorian Neglected Children's Aid Society. The Society took in children, the majority of whom required temporary assistance and were the children of the 'deserving poor', and placed them with families in the country, who cared for them and educated them. Older children were taught household or farm work. It decided upon another name change in 1920, to the Victorian Children's Aid Society. In 1991 it became Family Focus and in 1992 it merged with other children's organisations to form Oz Child-Children Australia.\n", "Details": "As a result of a bequest Mrs Maria Amour left to Selina Sutherland, the Presbyterian Society for Neglected and Destitute Children was formed to continue the work that she and Selina Sutherland had begun in Melbourne. The founding president was the Reverend A Stewart. The Reverend J Thomson was the other man involved in the early committee. The founding committee comprised Mesdames Armstrong, Young, Sinclair, McCallum, Picken, Stewart, Hughes, Gunn, Munro, Roberts, Lambie and Misses Lorimer, Sutherland, Houston, Catt, Thomson, Sinclair, Gunn. Miss Selina Sutherland, as Agent of the Society, assumed responsibility for the care and placement of the destitute children. She was a Scottish nurse who had come to Melbourne via New Zealand, where she had been visiting her married sister. She met Mrs Maria Amour in Melbourne who had been involved in caring for homeless children. Selina Sutherland understood the importance of such work and decided to stay and assist with the children.\nAs the Victorian Neglected Children's Aid Society, it comprised five Honorary medical officers, and two Honorary Auditors. Mrs Bevan became president, with the Reverend Stewart as chairman. Miss Laws and Mrs McCallum were secretary and treasurer. The Council included Alfred Deakin, who was to become a prime minister of Australia, and Alexander Peacock who was premier of Victoria at the time of Federation. The Society worked from premises in La Trobe St from 1895 until 1901 when it moved to Swinburne House in Parkville.\nIn 1908 Miss Sutherland left the Society and died shortly after in 1909.\nCourts committed children to the care of the Society or alternatively, parents or guardians signed the children over to it if they were unable to look after them. The Society accommodated these children in its home, but endeavoured to send them to approved foster homes in the country. Fostered children remained under the legal control of the Society and were visited by its Agents and social workers.\nAs well as completely caring for children in this way, the Society also accepted children for short periods while their parents were in hospital or convalescing.\nIn 1966 the Society removed its home and headquarters from Parkville to a new building at Black Rock.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/selinas-legacy-from-vcas-to-oz-child\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-victorian-charity-network-in-the-1890s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1893-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "South Melbourne Ladies' Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0578", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-melbourne-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The South Melbourne Ladies' Benevolent Society began in July 1875, when the Emerald Hill Benevolent Society formally handed over its work to a committee of women and continued to operate for one hundred and seven years. It provided relief to destitute families in the area. It was acknowledged as ' one of the best managed societies of its kind'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-melbourne-a-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1890-sept-2-1925-july-22-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Princess Ida Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0581", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/princess-ida-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Women's club", "Summary": "The Princes Ida Club was established on 21 July 1888 and intended to \"promote the common interests of, and to form a bond of union between the present and past women students\" of the University of Melbourne. The women students' club took its name from Tennyson's 'The Princess' and their colours were lilac and daffodil. The activities of the Club included social functions, debates, and literary discussions. In 1915 the Club merged with the University Union Women's Representative Committee.\n", "Events": "Debate organised by the Princess Ida Club on women and the franchise held at the University of Melbourne. (1898 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/degrees-of-liberation-a-short-history-of-women-in-the-university-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-webb-a-memoir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/admission-of-women-1880\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medievalism-and-sorority-the-princess-ida-club\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-university-princess-ida-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-university-princess-ida-club-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ridley-ronald-thomas\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children's Welfare Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0582", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/childrens-welfare-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Children's Welfare Association of Victoria (CWAV), established in 1912, is the co-ordinating body of non government child welfare agencies in Victoria. It is the peak body for over eighty community organisations delivering child and family support and welfare services. It aims to promote and protect the needs and rights of children and their families; to represent the needs of children and the agencies that assist them, to governments and other organisations; provide co-ordination and communication between welfare agencies and promote high standards in welfare programs. It attempts to meet these aims through holding conferences, producing publications and conducting research projects.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1944-1987-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Housewives Association of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0583", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/housewives-association-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Housewives Co-operative Association (later the Housewives Association of Victoria) was formed in mid-1915 and soon became one of the largest women's organisations in the state. The movement, reacting to the spiralling cost of living during World War I, initially aimed mainly at 'bringing the producer and consumer into direct contact' and providing discounted goods to members. In 1921, however, it also adopted a clear political objective: 'To advocate the equal status of women and adequate representation on all boards and tribunals dealing with the home and the cost of living.' From the 1930s the Association focussed more on the provision of training and information relating to household management and also became more involved in broader activism to improve the civil and political status of women and with other social reform causes.\n", "Details": "Inspired by the English Women's Co-operative Guild (founded in 1883), the Association was led at first by broadly left-liberal women\u2014President Ivy Brookes from the women's section of the Liberal Party, others from the Women's Political Association and Sisterhood of International Peace and some conservative women. The group struggled in its first few years, and by 1919 its executive was dominated by conservative women from organisations such as the Australian Women's National League and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, particularly Eleanor Glencross and Cecilia Downing. In the 1920s the organisation adopted a more overtly political agenda and they also campaigned for the Victorian Electoral Act to be amended to allow women to stand for parliament.\nA serous split in the organisation in 1930, over the issue of prohibition (which was supported by most members of the executive but not by the then president Delia Russell) saw the movement decline substantially again, but it recovered by the later in the decade.\nIn the 1930s the Association opposed tariffs and bounties and there was a new emphasis on information and training - with demonstration of domestic aids, lobbying for domestic science in schools and colleges, the establishment of a Resident Aid Home Service for the training of young women in housework (designed at least in part to encourage girls into domestic service) and numerous advice lectures and articles in the Housewife to do with housework, nutrition, mothercraft and other topics. From this point, the association also became more involved in broader activism to improve the civil and political status of women.\nDuring World War II the Associations functioned as a branch of the Australian Comforts Fund and formed war savings groups. In the immediate post-years, a breakaway organisation formed the nucleus of the New Housewives Association (founded in 1946 in New South Wales and 1928 in Victoria), a far more left-wing organisation which was later to become the Union of Australian Women.\nAlthough its fortunes fluctuated, the Association was certainly a large and influential group with a membership of over 20,000 in the 1920s, rising to 77,000 in 1938 (of a national total of 115,000). National membership peaked at about 175,000 in the late 1960s before an irreversible decline set in in the 1970s as the roles of women and the meanings attached to housework were reinvented or reformulated.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christian-women-and-changing-concepts-of-citizenship-rights-and-responsibilities-in-interwar-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mission-to-the-home-the-housewives-association-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-and-protestant-christianity-1920-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-early-years-of-the-housewives-association-of-victoria-1915-1930\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-housewives-association-vic\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/winning-essays-in-thrifty-meals-competition-comprising-full-menus-recipes-and-purchase-lists-carried-out-by-the-housewives-association-temple-court-collins-street-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-housewife-official-organ-of-the-housewives-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-sacred-trust-cecilia-downing-baptist-faith-and-feminist-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modernity-and-mother-heartedness-spirituality-and-religious-meaning-in-australian-womens-suffrage-and-citizenship-movements-1890s-1920s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/calling-all-housewives-housewives-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-movement-in-the-new-south-wales-and-victoria-1918-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-good-that-we-can-do-cecilia-downing-and-feminist-christian-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homefires-and-housewives-women-war-and-the-politics-of-consumption\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/calling-all-housewives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-herbert-and-ivy-brookes-1869-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza-harrison\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Australian Naval Nursing Service (RANNS)", "Entry ID": "AWE0584", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-australian-naval-nursing-service-ranns\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Royal Australian Naval Nursing Service (RANNS) was established in October 1942 and Miss Ina Laidlaw became the first matron. The number in the service never exceeded 60.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/world-war-ii-nursing-services\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "WRANS sub section of the Naval Association of Australia (South Australian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE0606", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wrans-sub-section-of-the-naval-association-of-australia-south-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The WRANS sub section of the Naval Association of Australia (South Australian Branch) was established in 1954. A group of ex-Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) joined together to support one another after their World War II service. 50 years later they still hold monthly meetings and various social functions. They go to the Dawn Service and march on Anzac Day as well as attend the Remembrance Day Service. During Navy week the Association supports their naval family by attending the church and Memorial Garden services. Also they are present at sister service functions plus the Bangka Day Memorial Service. In addition to attending Naval Cadet functions the WRANS also give financial support to the cadets.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies", "Entry ID": "AWE0609", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies was formed as the result of the amalgamation of the Association of Victorian Benevolent Societies, which was established in 1911 and the Central Council of Victorian Benevolent Societies, which was formed in 1930. It became 'the representative body for all affiliated branches in the country'. Mrs Eva Tilley, JP, was its founding president. The Association's objectives were to present a united front on proposed legislation and regulation which might affect the work of the Benevolent Societies. The Association occupied rooms at 167 Collins Street, Melbourne. It worked to increase the number of local Benevolent Societies in order to meet the increasing need in the post World War Two period to relieve the distress of the unemployed, deserted wives and children, and into the 1960s, single mothers. It remained in operation until 1987, when reduced funding and lack of people prepared to assume positions on the executive, forced it to close. Its last address was Room 101, 10th Floor, Capitol House, 113 Swanston St, Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-1940-1986\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Orphan Asylum ( Vic.)", "Entry ID": "AWE0611", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-orphan-asylum-vic\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Melbourne Orphan Asylum was established in 1853 to provide residential care for orphans. It evolved out of the Dorcas Society, which was the first women's organisation to be established in Melbourne in 1845 on the initiative of Mrs George Cooper and Mrs William Knight and the St James' Visiting Society. It aimed to assist the most vulnerable members of society by providing emergency support for families and almost unintentionally launched into residential care work with children. The St James' Visiting Society became the St James' Orphan Asylum and Visiting Society in 1851, and in 1853 the Melbourne Orphan Asylum.\n", "Details": "Initially run by a committee of 'ladies', with Mrs Perry, wife of the Bishop of Melbourne, president, they had to accept occasional assistance from a committee of 'gentlemen', as married women were not permitted to hold property in their own names or to act as trustees. A Committee of Gentlemen was formed in 1854 to assist the Ladies Committee. The rules adopted imposed a men's business committee on the existing committee of ladies. Despite this unusual arrangement, it was the first organisation in the colony to include both men and women. Rule four of the new constitution stated that the Asylum was to be 'under the government of a president, six clergymen and six laymen of the various evangelical branches of the protestant church, elected annually by subscribers. The ladies became the junior partners, allocated the 'management of the domestic affairs of the institution'. Eventually the two separate committees had merged into one by 1875 when the Melbourne Orphan Asylum was incorporated. By-law 11 abolished the dual committee system , making provision for a single committee of eighteen men, including five ministers and twelve women.\nThe Asylum was conducted on principles of the Christian religion of the evangelical branches of the protestant church. Orphans were admitted regardless of their parents' creed or country. A matron was appointed to run the Asylum and orphans' relatives were permitted to visit only once a month.\nIt occupied its first site in Emerald Hill from March 1856, then made the decision in 1876 to sell the Emerald Hill site and move to Brighton. By 1883 the address was 'Windermere', Butler St, Middle Brighton. This institution remained in operation until attitudes to the welfare of children changed during the 1950s to embrace the family group, rather than the child alone, as the centre of welfare policy. This meant that the model of normal family life should also be applied to residential care. In February 1958 the Committee agreed to experiment with three family group homes. By 1963 the new headquarters were located at Glen Waverley, and all the children were housed in fourteen family group homes. This changed concept was reflected in the name change in 1965 to the Melbourne Family Care Organisation and in 1987 to Family Action.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/asylum-to-action-family-action-1851-1991-a-history-of-services-and-policy-development-for-families-in-times-of-vulnerability\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-melbourne-orphan-asylum-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annes-story-1974-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-protestant-orphan-asylum-emerald-hill-picture-a-willmore-sc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-papers-re-melbourne-benevolent-institutions\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Caulfield Ladies' Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0624", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caulfield-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Caulfield, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Caulfield Ladies' Benevolent Society was established in August 1930 when the decision was made to form separate societies for St Kilda and Caulfield in an attempt to meet the increasing demand for welfare in the area as a result of the effects of the Great Depression. It operated under the administrative umbrella of the Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies and its predecessors. Mary Armstrong was the inaugural president. The Society held weekly meetings to deal with cases and a fortnightly business meeting.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Preston Ladies' Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0625", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/preston-ladies-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Preston, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Preston, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Preston Ladies' Benevolent Society was formed in 1888 with the aim of relieving 'distress among the less fortunate' in the Preston area. Mrs L Lyons was the inaugural president. Other early members included Mesdames Richardson, Robinson, Carson, Warr, Showers, Harrap, Bell, Dale, Howe, Rundle, McKenzie, Hattam and Stone. It held monthly meetings where the cases were discussed , but no applicants were refused assistance. One of the Society's roles was to work with the Almoners from the hospitals to supply special cases with invalid food. Mrs Allchin, a long serving president, held the position for forty-nine years and died in December 1946. The Society operated under the umbrella of the Victorian Association of Benevolent Societies.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-association-of-benevolent-societies-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League Victoria\/ Wagga Wagga", "Entry ID": "AWE0629", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-victoria-wagga-wagga\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Founded in 1916, the Catholic Women's Social Guild of Victoria\/Wagga Wagga was renamed the Catholic Women's League in 1970. The League is formed on a plan of parochial, diocesan, and general government. It is part of the Catholic Women's League (CWL) of Australia, and has an international affiliation with the World Union of Catholic Women's Organisations. It also has an international affiliation with the World Union of Catholic Women's Organisations financed by the Diocesan Councils.\n", "Details": "At a branch level the Catholic Women's League members\n\u2022 Support parishes\n\u2022 Address social and moral issues\n\u2022 Visit the sick and the lonely\n\u2022 Help the aged and disabled\n\u2022 Assist the homeless and migrants\n\u2022 Promote ecumenism\n\u2022 Support overseas aid and charitable organisations\n\u2022 Encourage education in faith and spirituality\n\u2022 Provide opportunities for social and cultural experiences\n\u2022 Financially support specific projects\n\u2022 Attend and organise CWL meetings and workshops\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/horizon-in-retrospect-1916-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Charity Organisation Society of Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE0630", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charity-organisation-society-of-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Charity Organisation Society of Melbourne was established in 1887 to help co-ordinate Melbourne's charitable organisations and to foster the ideal of 'self-help' in the poor. The Society's 21st Annual Report expressed the view that 'to strengthen a man's backbone rather than provide him with crutches, should be the aim of charity'. It has been claimed that it contributed to the development of social work as a profession, based on suitable training in appropriate disciplines. In 1947, the organisation became known as the Citizens Welfare Service of Victoria, reflecting a change in its approach towards casework counselling. It is now known as the Drummond St Relationship Centre.\n", "Details": "The Charity Organisation Society of Melbourne objects were to:\nencourage and organise charitable work and to promote co-operation within the different organisations; 'to check imposture and professional mendicity, and to discourage indiscriminate alms-giving'; to inquire into all applications for assistance with the intention of determining if and in what way each case can be helped; to provide necessary relief during inquiry or pending arrangements with charitable institutions or assistance from other sources; to maintain a wood yard, or other labour test, so that the means of earning food and shelter shall be open to any applicant able and willing to work; to establish a loan fund; to keep records of all cases for reference and to maintain a Central Register of help given by all relieving agencies.\nThe Society operated out of 47 Collins Place , Melbourne. It moved to premises at 197 Drummond St Carlton in 1947, when it changed its name to the Citizens Welfare Service of Victoria.\nThe Society was administered by an Executive Committee which included the Office bearers and a committee of twelve, which the Council elected. No more than six of the Committee were to be 'ladies'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charity-warfare-the-charity-organisation-society-in-colonial-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-1887-1987-a-short-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-of-the-charity-organisation-society-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-charity-review\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/charity-organisation-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/citizens-welfare-service-of-victoria-4\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tailoresses' Association of Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE0632", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tailoresses-association-of-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Tailoresses' Association of Melbourne, Australia's first female trade union, was established at a meeting held in Trades Hall on 15 December 1882. At this meeting women met in response to attempts by the Melbourne clothing manufacturer Beith Shiess & Co to reduce piece-rate wages. A strike was called on 15 February 1883 when clothing manufacturers had not responded to the log of claims. As each manufacturer accepted the log, employees resumed work. The strike is generally regarded as instrumental in the establishment of the Shops Commission and the eventual passage of the Factory Act. When the new Factory Act was passed in 1885, the recommendations of the March 1884 Royal Commission regarding outwork were not incorporated and working conditions in the industry were not substantially affected by its operation. In 1906, the Tailoresses' Union amalgamated with the Tailors' Society.\nOn 15 December 1982 the Honourable Pauline Toner, Victoria's first woman Cabinet Minister, unveiled a plaque to commemorate the centenary of the Tailoresses' Union. The plaque was placed at the entrance to the offices of the Textile Clothing & Footwear Union of Australia (formerly Clothing & Allied Trades Union of Australia) in Leicester Street, Carlton.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centenary-of-the-tailoresses-association-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-melbourne-tailoresses-strike-1882-1883-an-assessment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-womens-hands-a-history-of-clothing-trades-unionism-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-tailoresses-strike-1882-1883\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-and-allied-trades-union-federal-office-deposit-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-and-allied-trades-union-of-australia-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-and-allied-trades-union-of-australia-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-and-allied-trades-union-federal-office-deposit-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-and-allied-trades-union-of-australia-federal-office-and-branches-deposit-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-and-allied-trades-union-of-australia-federal-office-and-branches-deposit-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clothing-and-allied-trades-union-of-australia-federal-office-and-branches-deposit-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Anglican Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE0633", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anglican-mission-to-the-streets-and-lanes-of-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Anglican Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne was established in 1886 by the Bishop of Melbourne as the Diocesan Mission to the Streets and Lanes of Melbourne. The Council, the governing body of the Mission comprised mainly women with the exception of the Bishop of Melbourne and the Chaplain. The Council's aim was to employ deaconesses commissioned by the Bishop to 'visit in the lanes and courts and bring the message of the Gospel to the poor and fallen and by the force of their sisterly sympathy, compel the outcast to come in'. It wanted to include people who were not reached already by the ordinary parochial organisations, especially the category described as 'fallen women'. Miss Emma Silcock ( known as Sister Esther) assumed responsibility for the Mission in 1888. She was also the founder of the Community of the Holy Name in Victoria. By 1900 the Mission had a staff of six deaconesses and one probationer. Its first address was 171 Little Lonsdale St. It moved to a new building in Spring St in 1913 and in 1958 to Fitzroy St Fitzroy. In 1997 it merged with the Mission of St James and St John and the St John's Homes for Boys and Girls to form Anglicare.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-silence-a-study-of-a-religious-community-for-women-the-community-of-the-holy-name\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther-an-anglican-saint\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/esther-mother-foundress-of-the-community-of-the-holy-name\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silcock-emma-caroline-1858-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther-an-anglican-saint-reprinted-from-the-melbourne-anglican-september-2001\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anglican-mission-to-the-streets-and-lanes-of-melbourne-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wonthaggi Women's Auxiliary", "Entry ID": "AWE0638", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wonthaggi-womens-auxiliary\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Wonthaggi Miners' Women's Auxiliary, the first Women's auxiliary of a mining union, was established at Wonthaggi, Victoria during the Wonthaggi Coal Strike. The strike, which commenced on 6 March 1934, lasted for five months. Miners' wives established a Board Committee and the President, Mrs Agnes Chambers issued an official statement on behalf of the Committee:\nthe women of Wonthaggi are firmly behind their husbands in this struggle. We women have for the past two years seen our husbands' pay reduced by more than a third\u2026If our men quietly accept these reductions without further protest where will they end?\u2026Our men have stood solidly in this great struggle, and the Government, realising that it cannot break the spirit of the men, now turns and threatens to take our homes from us. The Government threatens to close the mine permanently\u2026.The dispute has now been in progress 17 weeks, and it would appear that we have a long and dreary winter in front of us, but with the help of the women of Australia we can hold out. [1]\nBy the second week of July the Hon. R G Menzies, Deputy Premier and Minister for Railways, the State Government Department that held responsibility for the mine, agreed to negotiate. He agreed to the immediate recognition of pit-top committees and the reinstatement of the five wheelers whose dismissal provoked the strike. He also proposed that the reinstatement of two men who had been dismissed for insubordination be negotiated once the miners were back at work - a palatable concession for most miners. [2]\nThe women's independent organisation and their willingness to persist further throughout the winter was a factor in resisting efforts to call off the strike before their demands had been met.\n[1] Cochrane, P, 'The Wonthaggi Coal Strike, 1934', Labour History, no. 27, 1974, p. 28\n[2] ibid p. 29\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-five-month-strike\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-wonthaggi-coal-strike-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/industrial-men-miners-and-politics-in-wonthaggi-1909-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-militant-history-of-wonthaggi\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wonthaggi-coal-strike-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joe-chambers-lyn-chambers-and-fred-brown-interviewed-by-rob-willis-in-the-rob-willis-folklore-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-hansen-interviewed-by-rob-willis-for-the-rob-willis-folklore-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wonthaggi-womens-auxiliary-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australasian-coal-and-shale-employees-federation-wonthaggi-branch-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rankine-bill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-coal-and-shale-employees-federation-miners-federation-victorian-district-powlett-river-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/chambers-joe-and-lyn\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "New South Wales Typographical Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0642", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-south-wales-typographical-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Trade Union", "Summary": "The male-only New South Wales Typographical Association opposed the employment of women at the publication The Dawn, a journal for women, which was launched by Louisa Lawson in 1888. It aimed to be a \"phonograph to wind out audibly the whispers, pleadings and demands of the sisterhood.\" By October 1889, The Dawn office employed ten women as typesetters, printers, binders, and unskilled workers. The staff who were paid less than union rates and were harassed by male workers in the printing trade were not eligible to join the all male Typographical Association. On 26 July a motion was put to the general meeting of 26 July 1890 that the rules be altered to allow\nthe admission of female compositors, who may be duly qualified, and may agree to claim equal rates of pay for equal hours of labour with men [1]\nWith only four votes in favour the motion was lost. Women were not admitted into the Union until 1916, and then not as compositors, but in a special Women and Girls' section. [2]\n[1] Hagan, Jim, 1929-, Printers and politics : a history of the Australian printing unions, 1850-1950, Australian National University Press [in association with the Printing and Kindred Industries Union], Canberra, 1966, p. 82\n[2] Hagan, J, 'An Incident at the Dawn', Labour History, vol. 8, May 1965 p. 21\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-incident-at-the-dawn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/printers-and-politics-a-history-of-the-australian-printing-unions-1850-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-south-wales-typographical-association-1882\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-womans-political-work-is-never-done\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Airline Hostesses' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0643", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/airline-hostesses-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Trade Union", "Summary": "The Airline Hostesses' Association was formed in 1957 when the Victorian Branch was established. Members of the Union were hostesses working for TAA, Ansett and Qantas, plus Ansett subsidiaries Con Air and East West. The name was changed in 1984 to the Australian Flight Attendants' Association when the association combined with the Flight Stewards' Association of Australia (1958 - 1984) to acknowledge the employment of male flight attendants by domestic airlines. In 1992 there was a merger with the Australian International Cabin Crew Association (1984 - 1992). The new organisation became the Flight Attendants Association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inside-australias-top-100-trade-unions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/airline-hostesses-association-1956-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rules\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/airline-hostesses-association-deposit\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Railways Union - Victorian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0644", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Trade Union", "Summary": "The Victorian Branch of the Australian Railways Union (ARU), in contrast to many other male unions, did not encourage female rail workers to set up a separate section. In 1920 the Victorian Railways commenced employing women in sizeable numbers mainly as waitresses, barmaids, laundresses and cooks at various city and country railway stations. At this time, the Refreshment Services Branch was established with the introduction of new machinery into railway administrative offices, however females began to perform clerical work traditionally done by better-paid men. During World War II women began working in positions traditionally reserved for men. The Union participated in the Council of Action for Equal Pay, a body formed in 1937 to further the interests of female workers, as well as contributing to the Australian Council of Trade Union organized conferences on equal pay held in April and September 1942. Women paid junior rates for their union fees until equal pay was achieved.\n", "Details": "Victorian rail unionism began with the labourers' Mutual Service Association of 1884. Others formed (of which the Locomotive Enginemen's retained separate identity until 1990s), but moves to form an 'all-grades' union culminated with the establishment of the Victorian Railways Union (VRU) in 1911. Though attracted by the idea of One Big Union, VRU opted to become Victorian Branch of the Australian Railways Union (ARU) in 1920. The ARU in Victoria has long been militant and active in all major industrial campaigns of its existence. In 1993 it merged with Tram and Bus union and became a division of the Public Transport Union.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-service-a-history-of-victorian-railways-workers-and-their-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/banner-australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-circa-1911\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-5\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-9\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-railways-union-victorian-branch-10\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0648", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-post-and-telegraph-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Trade Union", "Summary": "Early in 1900 the Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association formed to ensure that the higher salaries paid to the colony of New South Wales postmistresses and female assistants were the ones that were adopted by the Commonwealth Department at Federation. Under the New South Wales Civil Service review of classifications in 1895, postmistresses were awarded equal pay with men, wherever the classifying authority considered that they were performing the same duties.\n", "Details": "Banned from joining the men's Post and Telegraph Association in Victoria postmistresses and female telegraphists, led by Louisa Dunkley, established a committee during the 1890s. Members of the committee, mainly from the Melbourne chief telegraph office, appeared before the Victorian colonial service Classification Board to argue the case for equal pay. They received increases in salary, though not equality with men telegraphists.\nFollowing the classifications of the New South Wales Civil Service in 1895, where postmistresses were awarded equal pay with men, the Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association was established. Postmistress Mrs Webb was elected as president (1900-1906) and telegraphist Miss Louisa Dunkley as vice-president and spokesperson of the Association. Dunkley was elected delegate to the all-colonies conference of telegraphists held at Sydney in October 1900.\nAlthough the conference endorsed the principle of equal pay and status, not all delegates, especially R J Meagher the Tasmanian representative, agreed. He and Dunkley and \"L'Inconnu\", pseudonym of one of the Victorian female members, used the federal association's journal Transmitter and newspapers to voice their opinions. Also members of the Victorian Women's Association, supported by the new federal organisation and the Transmitter, commenced a campaign of letter-writing, public meetings and the lobbying of the newly elected Federal politicians. The first Commonwealth Public Service Act of 1902 embodied the principle of equal pay for postmistresses and women telegraphists.\nThe association continued its existence within the Australian Commonwealth Post and Telegraph Association as a state association and then a state branch of the federal body until 1920.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/communicators-and-their-first-trade-unions-a-history-of-the-telegraphist-and-postal-clerk-unions-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneers-of-our-industrial-the-women-telegraphists-of-melbourne-and-their-union-1895-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-the-victorian-post-office\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Queen's Fund", "Entry ID": "AWE0649", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queens-fund\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Queen's Fund was established as 'the chief permanent Jubilee Memorial of Victoria in commemoration of the completion of the Fiftieth year of the Queen's reign, raised by women, managed chiefly by women, for the good of women, and in honour of the long reign of a good woman, during which the general position of women has been in a hundred ways improved'. Elizabeth Loch, its founder and inaugural president stated that the Fund existed 'solely for the relief of women in distress'. The Fund still operates and celebrated its centenary in 1987. Meetings are held monthly at the Melbourne Town Hall. The 1987 Annual Report noted an increase in applications to the fund. This was attributed to larger numbers of separated and divorced women who received no maintenance to care their children.\nPLEASE NOTE: THE AUSTRALIAN WOMEN'S REGISTER IS NOT AN AGENT FOR THE QUEEN'S FUND. YOU MAY CONTACT THEM BY MAIL AT:\nGPO Box 2412\nMelbourne VIC 3001 \n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queens-fund-one-hundredth-annual-report-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/documents-related-to-the-establishment-of-the-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-general-executive-committee-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/register-of-beneficiaries-of-the-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cashbook-countess-of-hopetouns-bazaar-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-distributing-sub-committee-queens-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-book-hall-distribution-trust-queens-fund\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Welfare Organisation", "Entry ID": "AWE0651", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-welfare-organisation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Welfare Organisation (CWO), an initiative of the Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, Daniel Mannix on the outbreak of World War Two in September 1939, foresaw the need to establish service canteens, hostels and rest rooms, in addition to catering for the spiritual needs of servicemen and women. Its objectives were to promote the spiritual welfare of the Catholic members of the fighting forces and to cater for the material welfare of all the fighting forces, regardless of creed. On the retirement of the inaugural president, Dr A L Kenny, Mary Daly was appointed to the position in 1941. She held that office until the completion of the work of the Catholic Welfare Organisation in 1948.\n", "Details": "The Catholic Welfare Organisation's role was two fold. The Catholic Chaplains who were allocated to the various military units met the spiritual needs of the service men and women. The Executive of the CWO aimed to provide a substantially built appropriately equipped and dignified Catholic Chapel in every military camp. Catholic women assumed responsibility for the day to day running of the amenities hut in Elizabeth St Melbourne. The canteen, which was open for thirteen hours a day, was staffed by members of the Catholic Old Collegians' Associations of the Girls' Schools, the Ladies' Committees of the Catholic Boys' Schools and the Catholic Women's Social Guild. Women also formed Catholic Welfare Organisation auxiliaries in many Victorian Catholic parishes. They helped to raise funds, knitted, sewed and collected comforts for the benefit of men and women of the services. Women were responsible also, for the Catholic Welfare Organisation's Hospitality Bureau, which placed troops in hostels, guest houses and private homes.\nAlthough the Reverend Dr Stewart was the Director, the major credit for the success of the CWO was attributed to 'the untiring energy and great organising ability of its president', Mrs Mary Daly.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-welfare-organisation-its-work-for-the-men-and-women-of-the-services-during-world-war-ii-september-1939-june1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-welfare-organisation-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queensland Women's Electoral League", "Entry ID": "AWE0652", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queensland-womens-electoral-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's suffrage organisation", "Summary": "The Queensland Women's Electoral League (QWEL) was an organisation formed in the last stages of the campaign to obtain woman suffrage for white women in Queensland. While the league claimed to have all women's interests at heart, and that it was to be apolitical, it was very much a liberal-conservative organisation. Although its stated aims included the desire to 'advance political knowledge among women', they also included the desire to 'encourage and preserve private enterprise, and to combat unnecessary interference by the State'. Labor women who attended the QWEL launch in 1903 left once the political agenda became obvious. They went on to form the Women Workers' Political Organisation in opposition. The Women's Christian Temperance Organisation, in response to this political wrangling, called upon its own members to avoid 'the venom of party politics' and concentrate on the task at hand.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/proud-to-be-a-rebel-the-life-and-times-of-emma-miller\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queensland-womens-electoral-league-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om71-47-queensland-womens-electoral-league-records-1903-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-ogg-fund-list-of-names-for-appeal-letters-1953\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Workers' Political Organisation", "Entry ID": "AWE0653", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-workers-political-organisation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "Members of the Woman's Equal Franchise Association (WEFA) joined the Women Workers' Political Organisation (WWPO) when established in 1903. The aims of the Organisation included:\n\u2022 To secure just political representation in state and federal parliaments\n\u2022 To promote and safeguard the interests of women in body politic\n\u2022 To advance the political representation of women by meetings and other means.\nUnder the guidance of their president, Emma Miller, WWPO members worked diligently to ensure that when women voted, in the federal election on 16 December 1903, their vote would be valid. They organised three mock elections; held ten public meetings; and printed four leaflets and distributed them during door-to-door canvassing and visits to working women at their factories and workshops.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/proud-to-be-a-rebel-the-life-and-times-of-emma-miller\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League Australia Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0656", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League Australia (CWLA) was established in 1975. It evolved from the Australian Council of Catholic Women, which began in 1928. Its major objectives are to enable women to participate more effectively in working for and building Christianity by promoting the spiritual, cultural, intellectual and social development of women. It aims to foster ecumenism and inter-faith dialogue and provides a national forum for the voice of the Catholic Women's League Organisations in Australia.\n", "Details": "The member organisations comprise CWL South Australia Inc., CWL Western Australia Inc., CWL Tasmania Inc., CWL Victoria\/ Wagga Wagga, Inc., CWL Queensland Inc., CWL NSW Inc., and CWL Canberra\/Goulburn Inc.\nThe CWLA is affiliated with the United Nations (UN) on a Roster Status. It is able to attend the UN meetings and conferences accredited to the UN as an observer. The CWLA conveys matters of social justice and issues relevant to women and the family to the Federal, State and Local levels of government.\nIt also works with the World Union of Catholic Women's Organisations, National Council of Women, Commission for Australian Catholic Women and the Office of the Status of Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-australia-inc-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "International Women's Day Committee (SA) Inc", "Entry ID": "AWE0669", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-sa-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The South Australian International Women's Day Committee was founded in 1938. Mrs Elizabeth M. (Betty) Fisher compiled the Women's Roll of Honour for the 20th Century in 2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-bell-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/message-to-the-international-womens-day-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/message-for-international-womens-day-lunch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-beryl-miller-sound-recording-interviewer-allison-murchie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-fisher-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Migration and Overseas Appointment Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0702", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-migration-and-overseas-appointment-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Female Middle Class Emigration Society, founded by Maria Rye and Jane Lewin in 1862, was one of a number of organisations that emerged in the late nineteenth century and sought to tackle the perceived 'surplus women' problem in the United Kingdom. Like the Colonial Intelligence League, and the South African Colonisation Society, its aim was to assist unemployed, educated British women with emigration by finding them employment, usually as governesses or clerks, in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada. These three organisations amalgamated in 1919 to form the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women.\n", "Details": "The effort to encourage educated middle class women to emigrate in an effort to relieve the pressures of population growth and the perceived problem of the number of 'superfluous' unmarried women, led to the foundation of several organisations to assist the latter group. In 1884, several former members of the Women's Emigration Society came together to form the United Englishwoman's Emigration Register, which would go on to become the United Englishwoman's Emigration Association (UEEA) in February of that year. Its aims were to emigrate women of good character, to ensure their safety during and after their travel and to keep in touch with them for some time after their arrival. In November 1885, Ellen Joyce and Mrs Adelaide Ross replaced Miss Louisa Hubbard at the head of the organisation. By 1888, the group began to work in co-operation with the Scotch Girl's Friendly Association and the Scottish YWCA, prompting a change of name. The following year the new United British Women's Emigration Association changed the original constitution, centralising what had been a loose grouping of independent workers and outlining their responsibilities, roles and relationships. Their expansion continued, from the establishment of Irish and Scottish branches in 1889 to one in Staffordshire and one for Wiltshire and Somerset that same year, while another was established in Bath in 1891. Homes for emigrants waiting to depart were created in Liverpool in 1887 and in London in 1893. The majority of emigrants which passed through them in the 1890s were destined for Canada, New Zealand or Australia, but towards the end of the century, the flow of emigrants to South Africa increased to such a degree that it became necessary to set up a South African Expansion Scheme Committee. This would go on to become the independent South African Colonisation Society. In 1901, the parent organisation dropped the 'united' element of its name and continued to expand in their own fields, opening a hostel at Kelowna in British Colombia in 1913. After the outbreak of the First World War the number of emigrants declined. In 1917, a Joint Council of Women's Emigration Societies was established to deal with the situation after the war and liaise with central government. This co-operation between the British Women's Emigration Association, the Colonial Intelligence League and the South African Colonisation Society finally resulted in their amalgamation into the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women in December 1919.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-from-emigrants\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-chance-to-bloom-female-migration-and-salvationists-in-australia-and-canada-1890s-to-1939\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/british-womens-emigration-at-the-turn-of-the-last-century-an-alternative-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/british-womens-emigration-association-records-1862-1949-m-468\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collections-held-by-the-fawcett-library-relating-to-australia-and-new-zealand-microform-m2291-2314-1858-1967\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-381-lady-musgrave-lodge-committee-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/british-womens-emigration-association-records-1862-1949-m-468-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fawcett-library-collections-held-by-the-fawcett-library-relating-to-australia-and-new-zealand-m2291-2314-1858-1967\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Female Orphan Institution", "Entry ID": "AWE0703", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/female-orphan-institution\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Female Orphan School was set up in George Street, Sydney, by Governor King in 1801 to house destitute young girls. When it was officially opened on 17 August, 1801, 31 girls aged between the ages of 7 and 14 were in residence. By 1829 the population had grown to 152 and included some Aboriginal children. On 30 April, 1850 the Male Orphan School, which had been relocated at Liverpool in 1823 was closed. The remaining residents moved to the Female Orphan School site at Parramatta and the two establishments amalgamated to form the Protestant Orphan School, which operated until 1886.\n", "Details": "The Female Orphan Institution (also known as the Female Orphan School) was established in 1800 by Governor King to care for orphaned and abandoned children in the colony of NSW. Located in Lieutenant William Kent's house in George Street, Sydney, the orphanage was supported financially by port duties and the income generated from allocated parcels of land (a secular equivalent of the glebe). When it was officially opened on 17 August, 1801 31 girls aged between the ages of 7 and 14 were in residence. The girls were taught spinning and sewing and some were taught reading and writing. Evidence given by Governor Bligh to the British Select Committee on Transportation in 1812 suggested that there was little emphasis on education, and that the Institution had instead become a clothing factory and a source of domestic servants for colonial households.\nIn 1813 Governor Macquarie laid the foundation stone for the new Female Orphan Institution, a grand, purpose-built building on the northern bank of the Parramatta River. It was opened to pupils in 1818. The George Street, Sydney site became the Male Orphan School.\nBy 1829 the female orphanage housed 152 girls from a cross-section of colonial society-including Aboriginal communities-though most girls had convict parents or mothers. Many had one parent living. Girls were accepted from two years of age (lowered from the original age limit of five), they received a basic education and were placed as domestic servants at thirteen.\nSupervision of the orphanage was initially the responsibility of a voluntary committee of distinguished individuals appointed by the Governor-magistrates, government officials, clergy and settlers. The first committee was comprised of two Anglican Chaplains, Rev. Samuel Marsden and Rev. Richard Johnson, Mrs King (the Governor's wife) and Mrs Paterson (wife of the Lieutenant- Governor), the surgeon William Balmain and John Harris, surgeon, magistrate and officer-in-charge of police. In March 1926, the management, care and superintendence of both the Male and Female Orphan Schools became the responsibility of the Clergy and School Lands Corporation. From 1833 the Female and Male Orphan Schools continued under the control of the Colonial Secretary.\nA resident Matron (and her husband, the Master) was responsible for the daily management of the orphanage. The first Matron was Mrs John Hosking (1800-1820), followed by Mary Collicott, Susannah Matilda Ward (1821-) and Sarah Sweetman (1823-1824). The Wesleyan missionary William Walker and his wife Cordelia Walker (nee Hassall) took up the positions in 1825, bringing with them a number of girls from the Blacktown Aboriginal settlement, where they had previously worked. They resigned following difficulties with Archdeacon Scott, the official Visitor of colonial schools, and were succeeded in mid-1827 by the Reverend Charles Pleydell Neale Wilton and his wife. Wilton was succeeded in turn by Captain Alexander Martin, RN, and his wife.\nOn 30 April, 1850 the Male Orphan School, which had been relocated at Liverpool in 1823 was closed. The remaining residents moved to the Female Orphan School site at Parramatta and the two establishments amalgamated to form the Protestant Orphan School.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/children-of-the-back-lanes-destitute-and-neglected-children-in-colonial-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-education-and-care-of-destitute-orphan-neglected-and-delinquent-children-in-new-south-wales-1801-1890-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tears-often-shed-child-health-and-welfare-in-australia-from-1788\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-female-orphan-school-paramatta-the-influence-of-location\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-policy-and-orphan-schools-in-early-colonial-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parramattas-female-orphan-institution-mary-collicott-the-convicts-well-born-wife\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-female-orphan-institution-1814-rydalmere-hospital-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/agency-detail-female-orphan-school\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nsw-orphan-school-index-1817-1833\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lilias-stuart-humphreys-collection-ca-1800-1987-compiled-ca-1960-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-rachel-roxburgh-1794-1896-bulk-1960-1986-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/view-of-female-orphan-school-near-parramatta-1st-june-1825\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Institute of Sisters of Mercy of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0704", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/institute-of-sisters-of-mercy-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "The Institute of Sisters of Mercy of Australia evolved from the seventeen individual congregations operating in Australia before 1981. It forms part of the world-wide network of Mercy Sisters. Catherine McAuley founded the Sisters of Mercy in Dublin, Ireland in 1841. In 1846 the Sisters of Mercy came to Australia. Ursula Frayne, a friend of Catherine McAuley, arrived with six Sisters and settled in Perth , Western Australia, later moving to Melbourne. By 1954 the seventeen distinct autonomous groups had emerged through the processes of amalgamation and division. In 1953 eight of the autonomous groups formed the Australian Union of Sisters of Mercy, and in 1957 the remaining nine groups joined to form the Australian Federation of the Sisters of Mercy, which by 1981 became the Institute of Sisters of Mercy of Australia. The Mercy Sisters describe this structure as 'a unique mode of governance continuing to express the traditional Mercy thrust towards decentralisation and unity but giving a clearer sign of the equally strong concern for a deep unity of spirit.' The Sisters of Mercy are committed to those most vulnerable in our society and wish to share God's loving kindness with others.\n", "Details": "The Congregations are located in Adelaide, S.A., Ballarat East, Vic., Bathurst, N.S.W., Brisbane, Q'land, Cairns, Q'land, Goulburn N.S.W., Grafton, N.S.W., Gunnedah N.S.W., Melbourne, Vic., North Sydney, N.S.W., Parramatta, N.S.W., Perth, W.A., Rockhampton, Q'land, Singleton, N.S.W., Townsville, Q'land, West Perth, W.A., Wilcannia-Forbes, N.S.W. and Papua New Guinea.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-advent-of-the-sisters-of-mercy-bathurst-1866\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centenary-the-sisters-of-mercy-south-australia-1880-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-labourers-friends-sisters-of-mercy-in-victoria-and-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/institute-of-sisters-of-mercy-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-delicate-balance-pictures-reflecting-the-living-and-working-of-the-sisters-of-mercy-north-sydney-1865-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centenary-of-sisters-of-mercy-branxton-greta-parish-1886-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beginnings-1902-2002-100-years-of-the-sisters-of-mercy-and-catholic-secondary-education-in-shepparton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/music-on-the-hill-one-hundred-years-of-the-sisters-of-mercy-and-catholic-education-casterton-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-sisters-of-mercy-in-the-south-east-1880-1980-a-local-history-of-the-sisters-of-mercy-in-the-south-east-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/valiant-women-letters-from-the-foundation-sisters-of-mercy-in-western-australia-1845-1849\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beyond-our-dreams-a-century-of-the-works-of-mercy-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/channels-of-mercy-a-history-of-mercy-schools-in-the-south-west-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/held-in-our-hearts-a-story-of-the-sisters-of-mercy-of-the-goulburn-congregation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/these-women-women-religious-in-the-history-of-australia-the-sisters-of-mercy-parramatta-1888-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ursula-frayne-a-biography\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-the-sisters-of-mercy-of-australia-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/institute-of-sisters-of-mercy-of-australia-community-organisation-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Indochinese Australian Women's Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0705", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/indochinese-australian-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Liberation Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE0706", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-liberation-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Liberation Movement submission on equal pay was delivered in 1969 to the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission in Melbourne, by Sylvia Shaw.\n", "Details": "Sylvia Shaw was co-founder (with Mary Owen) of the Melbourne Working Women's Centre and a member of the Melbourne Women's Liberation Movement. The Movement had branches in Glebe, Sydney, where members included Sue Bellamy and Diane Graham; and Canberra, ACT, where they included Suzanne Dixon, Carol Ambrose and Elizabeth Ward. \nAutobiographical reflections by each of these women can be found in Dr Jocelynne A. Scutt's Different Lives: Reflections on the Women's Movement and Visions of its Future (Penguin Books, 1987).\nPlease note: this entry is incomplete.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/different-lives\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-fisher-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-ten-years-of-sydney-womens-liberation-collection-ca-1969-ca-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jill-lennon-and-gwen-bloomfield-interview-some-foundation-members-of-the-womens-liberation-movement-1995\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement (ALRM) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0707", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-legal-rights-movement-alrm-inc-11\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement Inc (ALRM) is a not for profit organisation that provides legal service to Aboriginal people and their communities. Established in 1971, and incorporated in 1973, it exists to get social justice for Aboriginal people and their communities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Information Switchboard", "Entry ID": "AWE0708", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-information-switchboard\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/series-807-womens-information-switchboard-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betty-fisher-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-the-womens-information-switchboard-later-the-womens-information-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Grail", "Entry ID": "AWE0709", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-grail\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "The Grail is an international women's movement , which describes itself as 'a spiritual, cultural and social movement of women grounded in Christian faith and committed to the vision of a world transformed into a global community of justice and peace'. It was established in Sydney in 1937 after the arrival in 1936 of members of the Women of Nazareth, an international lay Catholic women's organisation with its headquarters in The Netherlands. It sought a new and significant role for lay women Catholics in the church. In the view of Sally Kennedy, author of Faith and Feminism, ( Sydney 1985), 'it combined a strong sense of women's potential in the Catholic Church with a realistic appraisal of women's powerlessness in it, and a high level of pragmatism to overcome this'. Its original focus was on the concept of specialised long-term training of youth leaders. Its focus is now 'upon women's education and personal development, on social and cultural critical analysis and organised action grounded in conviction'. It has centres in Sydney and Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-and-feminism-catholic-womens-struggles-for-self-expression\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/truly-feminine-truly-catholic-a-history-of-the-catholic-womens-league-in-the-archdiocese-of-sydney-1913-87\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-breaking-boundaries-a-grail-journey\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-grail-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Local Government Women's Association - South Australian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0710", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-south-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Political organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The formation of the Australian Local Government Women's Association - South Australian Branch was preceded by the formation of a national Australian Local Government Women's Association in Canberra in 1951. A non-party organisation, it was inspired particularly inspired by the belief that more women should be involved in local government partly because this arm of government was especially relevant to housewives and mothers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-elizabeth-furner-sound-recording-interviewer-june-donovan\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Association of Civilian Widows of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0711", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Association of Civilian Widows of Australia originated in Western Australia in 1953 at a meeting convened by the Women's Service Guild. Its formation was largely due to the efforts of Mrs Invy Kent. Over the following two years Apex helped to establish a National Executive and over 200 branches of the Association across Australia. The Association is non-party political and non-sectarian and its objects are to promote the interests of the widow and her child wherever possible. It also engages in welfare work for its members and holds fund raising and social meetings. It's motto is 'Friendship and Service.\"\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-c-w-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-c-w-magazine-association-of-civilian-widows\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-14\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/just-us-a-history-of-the-association-of-civilian-widows-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/magazine-of-association-of-civilian-widows\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-association-of-civilian-widows-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voice-of-a-c-w-victoria-division\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/news-magazine-association-of-civilian-widows-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/state-conference-with-annual-report-minutes-and-council-meeting-minutes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-newsletter-association-of-civilian-widows-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-the-meeting-of-the-national-executive\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-of-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1953-1986-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-blackwood-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-glenelg-branch-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-kadina-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-millicent-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-salisbury-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-sa-division-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-civilian-widows-woodville-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Agricultural Bureau of SA Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0712", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-agricultural-bureau-of-sa-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Australian Anglican Church's Movement for the Ordination of Women (MOW)", "Entry ID": "AWE0714", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-anglican-churchs-movement-for-the-ordination-of-women-mow\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-anglican-churchs-movement-for-the-ordination-of-women-mow-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/movement-for-the-ordination-of-women-records-1974-1995-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Red Cross", "Entry ID": "AWE0715", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Humanitarian organisation, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Red Cross Society (ARCS) was formed just after the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, initially as a branch of the British Red Cross Society. Its first president was Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, wife of the then governor-general. Via a network of state branches and division, also presided over by women, the organisation extended its influence throughout the community of Australian women, urban and rural, to the point where women constituted the vast majority of its membership, as well as featuring prominently in its leadership. Although the organisation was involved in a range of activities, including the establishment of agencies overseas dedicated to supplying families in Australia with information about wounded and missing soldiers, it is probably best known for its success in mobilising volunteers to create the much appreciated and eagerly anticipated 'comfort' parcels that were sent to servicemen overseas. From the date of its inception until the armistice the ARCS dispatched 395,695 food parcels and 36,339 clothing parcels. Thousands of women contributed their time and money to make this possible\n", "Details": "The Australian Red Cross was founded on 13 August 1914 in response to the start of World War I, and was originally known as the Australian branch of the British Red Cross Society. Before the end of World War I it was being called the Australian Red Cross Society, although it was still considered to be a branch of the British Red Cross Society. In 1927, the Australian Red Cross Society gained recognition as an independent National Red Cross Society and ceased being a branch of the British Red Cross Society. In 1941 the Australian Red Cross Society was incorporated by Royal Charter, and in 1992 the Australian Red Cross Society decided to shorten its name for external audiences to Australian Red Cross, by which name it is known today (however, its legal name remains Australian Red Cross Society).\nThe Australian Red Cross was founded by Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, the wife of Australia's Governor-General, and she became the first President of the Australian Red Cross. In 1914, the Australian Red Cross immediately formed Divisions in each of the six States. The Divisional Presidents, who were the wives of the State Governors, were instrumental in the creation of the Australian Red Cross State Divisions. As these Presidents traversed the country, and launched appeals through local organisations and the press, the Divisions soon had a vast number of rural and metropolitan branches. Directly appealed to, women became the great majority of members, several high-ranking women were appointed to governing committees, and Australian women took leading positions throughout the organisation.\nIn 1914, the Australian Red Cross was largely involved with providing relief services to the Australian Defence Force, with Headquarters located in Melbourne which coordinated the international relief services. In later years, Australian Red Cross Divisions opened in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory, as well as other Australian territories such as Norfolk Island and Papua New Guinea.\nAs at 2004, the Australian Red Cross has a national office based in Melbourne and has offices in each of the six states and two territories. The Australian Red Cross State and Territory Offices manage all activities run within their own state or territory. The national office coordinates international activities with which the Australian Red Cross is involved, as well as coordinating Australian Red Cross activities that are managed on a national basis.\nToday, the many and varied activities of the Australian Red Cross include International Tracing and Refugee Services, Youth and Education Services, First Aid, Health and Safety Services, Disaster and Emergency Services, the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Community Care Programs, Aged and Home Care Services, International Humanitarian Law, and international development programs and aid.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-best-p-m-for-the-empire-lady-helen-munro-ferguson-and-the-australian-red-cross-society-1914-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mackinnon-eleanor-vokes-irby-1871-1836\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-humane-and-intimate-administration-the-red-cross-world-war-two-wounded-missing-and-prisoner-of-war-cards\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/humane-and-intimate-how-the-red-cross-helped-families-trace-the-fates-of-ww2-soldiers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-aif-malayan-nursing-scholarship\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-the-finance-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/control-records-for-correspondence-files-national-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-files-national-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross-royal-charter-rules-of-the-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-role-and-structure\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-of-the-australian-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-and-meeting-papers-national-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/red-cross-house-badge\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-relating-to-community-services-social-work-and-welfare-and-disaster-relief-provided-by-the-australian-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/publications-first-aid-health-and-safety\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-of-red-cross-divisions-and-blood-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-central-bureau-for-wounded-missing-and-prisoners-of-war-and-of-the-national-tracing-bureau\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-awards-honours-medals-citations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/publications\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/media-releases\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-and-meeting-papers-from-national-committees\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papua-new-guinea-division-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aif-malayan-memorial-nursing-scholarship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/posters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/audio\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photographs-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Red Cross Blood Service", "Entry ID": "AWE0720", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross-blood-service\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "In 1929, Dr Lucy Bryce founded the first Australian blood service on the lines of the British Red Cross Society in London. By 1931 the Blood Transfusion Service, based in the Victorian Division of the Red Cross, was the recognized medium for metropolitan hospitals to obtain donors. The following year, it was operating around the clock. In 1938, the first Red Cross Blood Bank was established at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, with a number of its medical consultants, from the onset, being women.\n", "Details": "Shortly before World War II, the Australian Red Cross Blood Service was extended by the formation of an Emergency Transfusion Service, used by the Australian Imperial Forces and Royal Australian Air Force and the State Emergency Council. In 1941, the Australian Red Cross Society organised a National Transfusion Service for military and civil defence, based on the Victorian model. Since the mid-1950s, Australian governments have reimbursed the Australian Red Cross society for over 90% of its spending on blood transfusion with the remainder coming from Red Cross appeals and donations when possible. This infusion of government funds led to the establishment of a Suburban Mobile Unit, a Branch at the Royal Women's Hospital and a chain of Regional Blood Banks throughout Victoria. By the mid-1960s, the National Blood Transfusion service extended to every part of the Australian Commonwealth. In 1996, its management structure changed, and it has been known as the Australian Red Cross Blood Service since. In 2004, it exists as a largely independent operating division of the Australian Red Cross with its own Board of Management and a Chief Executive Officer who reports to the Board. The Australian Red Cross Blood Service is the sole agency in Australia to collect blood from voluntary donors, provide quality blood products to hospitals and other health institutions for the benefit of the community. The work of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service is linked to the Australian Red Cross mission of protecting life and health.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/50-years-service-to-humanity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/strategy-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-more-things-changethe-australian-red-cross-1914-1989\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-and-publications-of-the-australian-red-cross-blood-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-of-the-australian-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-and-meeting-papers-national-council\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-of-red-cross-divisions-and-blood-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Red Cross Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE0724", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Humanitarian organisation, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Division of the Australian Branch of the British Red Cross Society was formed on August 21, 1914. Lady Margaret Stanley, the wife of the Governor of Victoria, was the first president. The wife of the Governor has continued to preside and women have maintained an active role in all aspects of the Australian Red Cross. They have continuously taken leadership roles in branches, units and regional committees, as well as in council and senior management.\n", "Details": "From its formation in 1914, women have played an important role in the operation of the Victorian Division of the Australian Branch of the British Red Cross Society. Initially, the Australian Branch operated as an administrative body, while the Victorian Division guided fundraising operations. In the first instance, the bulk of the effort was focused upon helping to establish local Red Cross societies and branches. These societies would then focus on raising subscriptions and making goods for hospitals that were caring for soldiers. They also helped to find houses that were then used as convalescent homes. Without the effort of women volunteers, these activities would not have achieved the success that they did.\nThe breadth of activities undertaken by volunteers became more extensive as the Society grew. Peacetime required a different focus and women's branches and divisions provided the lifeblood for the society in the early twentieth century. Committees were formed to manage or oversee major projects. These committees (some later became auxiliaries) concerned themselves, among other things) with the medical or physical welfare of returned service men, the establishment of rest homes, and the problem of rehabilitation. They have continued to take an interest in matters relating to social welfare and public affairs in general. Liaison with other organizations has been a feature in recent years - in particular with the Australian Defence Department regarding Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) and the St John Ambulance Association for training and education in first aid and related areas. As ever, the society, also responds to global humanitarian concerns.\nCurrently the Victorian Division is administered by a Divisional Council through the Executive Council. Advisory Committees, representative Committees, and activities continue in line with the Australian Red Cross Mission and the seven Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.\nMission:\n- to be a leading humanitarian organization in Australia, improving the lives of vulnerable people through services delivered and promotion of humanitarian laws and values; and\nFundamental Principles:\n- Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity, Universality\nServices provided by the Australian Red Cross, Victoria in 2003-2004 include: the Asylum Seeker Assistance Scheme, Community Programs, Emergency Services, First Aid, Fundraising, International Humanitarian Law, Retail (Been Around Before Shops), Tracing and Refugee Services, Youth and Multicultural Affairs.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/executive-office-correspondence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-archive-heritage-collection-of-the-australian-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/press-clippings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/publications-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rockingham-echo-newsletters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-councils\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-advisory-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-executive-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-finance-committee-audit-risk-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-divisional-council-annual-general-meetings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-various-victorian-division-committees\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/junior-red-cross-vic-index-cards\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/members-service-awards\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/voluntary-aid-detachments-vad-personnel-registers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-division-regional-directory\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Victorian Women's Suffrage Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0733", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-victorian-womens-suffrage-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Women's Suffrage Society, the first women's suffrage society in Australia, was founded in 1884 largely due to the efforts of Henrietta Dugdale and Annie Lowe. Dugdale, very much a 'freethinker', claimed to been Victoria's first activist for women's suffrage-having publicly advocated women's suffrage since 1868, along with married women's property rights and the admission of women to the universities. In 1883 she published a utopian novel, A Few Hours in a Far Off Age, which she used as a vehicle for her then radical ideas about education, marriage, Christianity and rational dress for women. The Society's platform was 'To obtain the same political privileges for women as now possessed by male voters'. It had both male and female members.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the Society. Its activities were, however, extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals, particularly, for the years 1900-1905, Vida Goldstein's The Australian Woman's Sphere.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-family-rose-scott-papers-1777-1925-mlmss-38-1-79\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Australian Women's Suffrage Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0734", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-suffrage-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Suffrage Society was founded in 1888 by Brettena Smyth. Smyth had previously been a member of the Victorian Women's Suffrage Society but some members apparently objected to her outspoken opinions on birth control precipitating her decision to form a breakaway suffrage group. The new Society was very much linked with Smyth's advocacy of every woman's right to information about and access to contraceptives and she distributed advertisements for contraceptives, which she sold from her drapery and druggist shop in North Melbourne, at the Society's meetings. Smyth had become convinced that the major problem facing most women was not the lack of political rights so much as frequent and involuntary childbearing. The Society had both male and female members. Particularly, Dr William Maloney, a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly who introduced several (unsuccessful) women's suffrage bills into parliament between 1889 and 1894. The Society apparently disbanded with Brettena Smyth's death in 1898.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the Society or any of its principal members. Its activities were, however, extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pamphlets-relating-to-australian-womens-suffrage\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "United Council for Woman Suffrage", "Entry ID": "AWE0735", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-council-for-woman-suffrage\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The United Council for Woman Suffrage was originally formed in Melbourne in 1894 largely due to the efforts of Annette Bear Crawford who became its foundation president and secretary. Its aims were: to coordinate and amalgamate suffrage societies and to lobby members of parliament and municipal councillors about women's suffrage; to educate the public about women's suffrage; to educate the public about women's suffrage; to educate the public about women's suffrage and to train women speakers to address meetings. Those involved included representatives from suffrage societies, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the Victorian Trades Hall Council and the Vigilance Society. The Council conducted extensive lobbying during the Victorian municipal elections in 1896 and the Commonwealth Constitutional Conventional in Melbourne in 1898. The Council floundered with Bear Crawford's illness and then death in 1898. The following year, however, Vida Goldstein became its organising secretary-which in 1900 became a full-time, paid position. Goldstein allowed a broader spectrum of organisations to affiliate with the Council, considerably expanding its support base-by 1900 it had 32 member organisations. While Goldstein resigned in 1901, the Council continued as an effective co-ordinating body for the suffrage campaign, often working with Goldstein's new group, the Women's Political Association, until Victorian women's gained the vote in 1908.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the Society. Its activities were, however, extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals, particularly, for the years 1900-1905, Vida Goldstein's The Australian Woman's Sphere.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-family-rose-scott-papers-1777-1925-mlmss-38-1-79\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Woman's Suffrage League", "Entry ID": "AWE0736", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womans-suffrage-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Woman's Suffrage League was founded in 1894 at a meeting organised by Annette Bear Crawford in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union headquarters in Melbourne. Its platform was votes for women on the same terms as men. Its formation was prompted by the belief that the three existing groups working for women's suffrage in Victoria (the Australian Women's Suffrage Society, the Victorian Women's Suffrage Society and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union) were all associated with extremist views. Although initiated by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the League had an entirely separate existence, supposedly not linked to the prohibitionist agenda of the Union. The new League was formulated on a Christian, non-party basis. As such, it was an organisation that moderate women could comfortably join and was immediately popular. It ceased in 1908 with the granting of the vote to women in Victoria.\n", "Details": "Archival note:\nAs of 2003, it appears that there is no specific collection of papers relating to the League. However, its activities are documented in the annual reports of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria and other Union records, Its activities were also extensively reported in the Melbourne press and women's journals, particularly, for the years 1900-1905, Vida Goldstein's The Australian Woman's Sphere.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/votes-for-women-the-australian-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womans-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-question-in-melbourne-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-on-womens-suffrage-compiled-by-rose-scott-%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5papers-on-womens-suffrage-compiled-by-rose-scott\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "M U Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0737", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/m-u-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "M U Australia (known for most of its history as the Mothers' Union) is part of the worldwide Mothers' Union which is an organisation within the Anglican Church. First established in England in 1876, its early objectives were:\n1. To awaken in all mothers a sense of their great responsibility in the training of their boys and girls-the fathers and mothers of the future.\n2. To organise in every place a band of mothers who will unite and prayer and seek by their example to lead their families in purity and holiness in life.\nThe first Australian Mothers' Union was formed in Cullenswood, Tasmania, in 1892. The movement spread quickly across the country, becoming a major organisation both for Anglican women and within the broader women's movement in the years up to 1960. Apart from Christian outreach, the Union has been involved in wide range of social and political reform activities, mostly relating to the welfare of women and children, as well as charitable work.\n", "Details": "The first Mothers' Union was formed in 1876 by Mary Sumner in Old Aylesford, in the south England. By 1885 it was a diocesan organisation in Winchester and quickly spread across England and then internationally as women migrated. In 1896 a Central Council was formed and in 1925 central headquarters were established in London. The Union received a Royal Charter in 1926 - the first granted to a religious and a women's organisation. Until the 1970s, divorced women were excluded from membership.\nThe first Australian Mothers' Union was formed in Cullenswood, Tasmania, in 1892, closely followed in South Australian 1895 when introduced by Lady Victoria Buxton and Dorothy Harmer - the wives of the Governor and the Anglican Bishop. Within five years there were 49 branches with 1,350 members across the state. By 1904, Unions had been established in all Australian states. In the early 1900s, the Union frequently co-operated with other Christian women's organisations, and sometimes the National Councils of Women, in campaigns for political and social reforms. Early activities included, for example, campaigns for the provision of sex education for children, censorship of films and the Bush Nursing Service. Its national journal, Mothers in Australia (from 1945 Mianza and from 1960 Mia, Mia) was established in 1917. The Union's literature includes reams of advice about child rearing. While promoting Christian women's influence in the wider society, the Union did not support the idea of working women.\nIn 1974 Australia became the first overseas province to be granted autonomy. The Union changed its name to MU Australia in ??\nIn 2004, its objective were:\n1. To uphold Christ's teaching on the nature of marriage and to promote its understanding\n2. To encourage parents to bring up their children in the faith and life of the Church;\n3. To maintain a world wide fellowship of Christians united in prayer, worship, and service;\n4. To promote conditions in society favourable to stable family life and the protection of children;\n5. To help those whose family life has met with adversity.\nIn 2004 it claimed some 10,000 members and maintained 7 Departments: Education; Overseas and Northern Outreach; Promotion and Development; Prayer and Spirituality; Publication; Social Responsibility; Mia Mia (the newsletter of MU Australia). It also continues to work with Caritas groups (a previously semi-autonomous organisation within the church, organised at a parish level, and not to be confused with the Catholic aid organisation of the same name) to provide support for 'lonely people.' In 2004 the Worldwide Union had more than three million members in 71 countries-making it the largest voluntary worldwide women's organisation.\nArchival note:\nWhile several archival collections relating to Mothers' Union groups in Australia have been identified, many more undoubtedly exist in various local parish and Diocesan records which are currently unlisted. For a list of Anglican archives (incomplete) see:\nhttp:\/\/www.anglican.org.au\/community.cfm?SID=16&SSID=96&PID=154\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sex-education-debates-and-the-modest-mother-in-australia-1890s-to-the-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prowlers-in-the-darkened-cinema-australian-church-womens-associations-and-the-arrival-of-the-motion-picture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homes-are-divine-workshops\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/militant-mothers-faith-power-and-identity-the-mothers-union-in-sydney-1896-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/education-for-life-the-2nd-mary-sumner-lecture-helen-granowski\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-save-the-world-an-anglican-response-to-late-nineteenth-century-domestic-violence\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-pursuit-of-true-anglican-womanhood-in-victoria-1880-1914\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-on-going-story-of-the-mothers-union-in-the-diocese-of-sydney-since-1896\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-the-mothers-union-diocese-of-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-mothers-union-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-the-mothers-union-in-the-diocese-of-canberra-and-goulburn-1895-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-sumner-and-the-mothers-union-a-brief-account-of-the-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mia-mia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/yesterdays-tomorrow-where-goes-the-family\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helpmeets-and-heroines-women-and-the-history-of-australian-evangelicalism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hearts-hands-and-voices-celebrating-the-mothers-union-diocese-of-perth-western-australia-centenary-1898-1998-the-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-inaugural-meeting-of-the-australian-central-council-of-the-mothers-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-union-in-australia-a-brief-record-1892-1964\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-union-jubilee-book-1898-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-union-jubilee-book-diocese-of-adelaide-south-australia-1895-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-union-jubilee-book-diocese-of-melbourne-victoria-1896-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conference-report-australian-commonwealth-council-mothers-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anglicanism-and-gender-issues\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/members-of-the-robe-mothers-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-peters-anglican-church-geeveston-minutes-of-meetings-of-mothers-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-pauls-mothers-union-dover-minutes-may-1926-may-1943\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/administrative-records-and-baptism-marriage-and-burial-registers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baptism-marriage-burial-and-administrative-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/church-registers-and-minutes-of-meetings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/church-records-of-the-anglican-parish-of-cooee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-anglican-parish-of-scottsdale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-union-saint-augustines-church-stanmore-n-s-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-union-diocese-of-brisbane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-union-anglican-diocese-of-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-union-raymond-terrace-parish\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-union-st-james-parish-wickham\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-union-parish-of-casino-anglican-church-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cathedral-mothers-union-grafton-cathedral-parish-anglican-church-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-lismore-mothers-union-parish-of-lismore-anglican-church-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/coolamon-st-andrews-parish-coolamon-mothers-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-pauls-anglican-church-dover-minutes-of-meeting-of-mothers-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-mothers-union-geeveston-and-dover\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Endeavour Forum", "Entry ID": "AWE0738", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "Endeavour Forum was established in Melbourne in 1979 as Women Who Want to Be Women, largely through the efforts of Babette Francis. It is a Christian, pro-life, pro-family lobby group with members in all Australian states. According to its website, the group was set up to 'counter feminism, defend the unborn and the traditional family.' Although outlawing abortion is high on their agenda, the group's broader aim is to prevent economic forces such as high taxation 'destroying families'. In particular it lobbies for the right of women to choose to be full time homemakers without suffering what they see as economic discrimination. While. it supports equality of opportunity for men and women in employment and education, it opposes affirmative action or positive discrimination.\n", "Details": "Endeavour Forum was set up to 'counter feminism, defend the unborn and the traditional family', its members believing that 'men and women are equal but different not equal and the same.' The first action of the group was the presentation of a petition to Federal Parliament calling for the abolition of the National Women's Advisory Council on the grounds that it did not represent the views of all Australian women. It lobbies to promote and defend public policies and legislation which uphold the what they define as the 'values of marriage and family life'. In particular it lobbies for the right of women to choose to be full time homemakers without suffering what they see as economic discrimination. While, it supports equality of opportunity for men and women in employment and education it opposes affirmative action or positive discrimination. In 1987 the group adopted the name Endeavour Forum. Apart from Babette Francis, key figures in the group include Jackie Butler, Jan McLean and Valerie Renkema. As of 2004, its 'Principles and Aims' were:\n1. ENDEAVOUR FORUM aims to enhance the status of uniquely female roles - we affirm that men and women are equal but different, not equal and the same.\n2.ENDEAVOUR FORUM recognises the contribution made by the Christian ethic in raising the status of women.\n3. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports the concept of equality of opportunity in education and employment for males and females but does not support the 'elimination of sexism', a concept which involves denial of the differences between the sexes: sex differences are significant, the sexes being different and complementary.\n4. ENDEAVOUR FORUM aims to achieve status and economic justice for the traditional female roles of child rearing and homemaking, and for the 'caring for persons' vocations: caring for elderly, the sick and the handicapped.\n5. ENDEAVOUR FORUM respects the marriage relationship and seeks cooperation, not confrontation, between the sexes.\n6. ENDEAVOUR FORUM affirms that the family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and State: a 'family' is a kinship group of people linked by ties of blood, marriage or adoption who live together for the purpose of child-rearing and the satisfaction of other human needs.\n7. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports the right to life of all human beings from conception to natural death; men and women not only have rights, they also have responsibilities, in particular to their children who need parental protection and support both before and after birth.\n8. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports the right of a woman to be a full-time mother and homemaker and to have this right recognised by laws that obligate her husband to provide the primary financial support for her and their children.\n9. ENDEAVOUR FORUM supports fiscal policies that recognise the major contribution made by women in their child-rearing and homemaking roles to the well-being of the nation, and in particular those policies which assist in establishing the status of a wife as an equal partner in the marriage.\n10. ENDEAVOUR FORUM affirms the right of women employed in physical labour to be protected by laws and regulations that respect the physical differences and family obligations of men and women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/equal-opportunity-the-anti-sexist-mythology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-defending-down-under-alternative-reading-material-to-schools-peace-studies-programme\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-africa-namibia-and-sanctions-diary-of-a-visit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-women-who-want-to-be-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breast-cancer-risks-and-prevention\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-forum-community-organisation-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Girl's Realm of Service and Good Fellowship", "Entry ID": "AWE0739", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-realm-of-service-and-good-fellowship\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Girl's Realm of Service and Good Fellowship was an Australian branch of a Guild founded in London in 1900. Its main aim was to encourage girls to help other girls. In 1934 their stated aim was to assist girls who show promise and ability to undertake an approved course of training when lack of means from any other source would prevent them from so equipping themselves. The Guild ceased to exist in 1976 and donated its assets to the University of New South Wales for a scholarship.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-guild-gazette-the-official-organ-of-the-girls-realm-guild-of-service-and-goodfellowship-in-n-s-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-realm-guild-of-service-and-good-fellowship-records-1890-1976\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Royal Australian Nursing Federation", "Entry ID": "AWE0740", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-australian-nursing-federation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "What eventually came to be known as the Royal Australian Nursing Federation was formed in 1924 as an unincorporated association of the various Australasian Trained Nurses' Association state 'branches' and the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association. Originally it was known as the Australian Nursing Federation. While concerned with protecting the interests of nurses, its initial focus was maintaining professional standards. It was not until 1949 that it began to function as a trade union.\nIn 1955 the federation was granted use of the royal prefix. In 1970 the Royal Australian Nursing Federation, as it was then known, was dissolved and its professional objectives were assumed by the other federally registered nurses organisation- the Australian Nursing Federation Employees' Section.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Nursing Federation", "Entry ID": "AWE0741", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Trade Union", "Summary": "The Australian Nursing Federation Employees' Section formed in 1953 out of an amalgamation of the Australian United Nurses Association [formed in 1949] and the Royal Victorian College of Nurses Employees' Association. From 1971, this new body was commonly known as the Australian Nursing Federation and in 1975 it amalgamated with the Royal Victorian College of Nurses to become the new Royal Australian Nursing Federation. The 'Royal' prefix was dropped again in the 1980s.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Federation of Catholic Parents' Clubs", "Entry ID": "AWE0749", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-federation-of-catholic-parents-clubs\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Federation of Catholic Parents' Clubs, originally named the Victorian Federation of Catholic Mothers' Clubs, was established in August 1958. The decision to form the federation was made at a meeting held in the Carmelite Hall in the Melbourne suburb of Middle Park. Five hundred women delegates from one hundred and six organisations associated with schools in suburban and country parishes attended. Its aims were to support and publicise the work, achievements and needs of Catholic schools in Victoria and to seek free education for all children in the schools of their parents' choice. Its motto was 'Love Conquers All'. It worked for forty years to achieve its aims and ceased functioning in 1998.\n", "Details": "Mr J Carr, impressed by the success of the mothers' clubs in state schools, suggested that the Federation be formed. The inaugural office bearers were: president, Mrs Cullen, vice presidents Mrs Dynon and Mrs Crough, secretary Mrs Cuffley, Treasurer Mrs Phelan. Mrs Marie Kohn, president in 1969 was a tireless worker and held positions of president, secretary, assistant secretary and regional organiser throughout the federation's existence. She was made a Life Member.\nThe aims of the federation were:\n*To promote the educational welfare of children in the community.\n* Publicise the work, achievements and needs of Catholic schools.\n* Foster a desire for better educational facilities and opportunities.\n* Provide schools with modern improvements and teaching aids.\n* Seek free education for all children from kindergarten to matriculation in the schools of their parents' choices.\n* To promote co-operation between parents and teachers and to assist parents to better fulfil their role in the education and training of their children.\n* To encourage proper co-operation between Mothers' Clubs in different districts.\n* To express the views of Catholic mothers on matters affecting the education and welfare of their children.\nThe Federation could claim some success when the federal Government introduced a per capita grant of $35.00 per primary child and $50.00 per secondary student in 1969.\nThe final address of the Victorian Federation of Catholic Parents' Clubs was\n22 Brunswick St, Fitzroy Vic. 3065\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/500-representatives-of-catholic-mothers-clubs-met-to-form-a-federation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-federation-of-catholic-parents-clubs-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League, Archdiocese of Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE0750", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-archdiocese-of-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League was established in 1913 as the Catholic Women's Association,(later became the Legion of Catholic Women in 1941 and in 1959 the Catholic Women's League). Its aim was to provide Catholic women of Sydney with a broader society, one which crossed parish boundaries and provided them with a focus for social life. As it evolved, the Parish branches became the power base, with women contributing to parish life as Catechists, Eucharistic Ministers, through hospital visitation, care and support groups, welcoming committees, discussion groups and fundraising. The Catholic Women's League continues to provide a voice for Catholic women in Church and society by addressing social and moral issues affecting family life, particularly women and children. It is affiliated with the Catholic Women's League Australia Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/truly-feminine-truly-catholic-a-history-of-the-catholic-womens-league-in-the-archdiocese-of-sydney-1913-87\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-catholic-womens-league-the-first-twenty-five-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-sydney-faith-fellowship-fun\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-archdiocese-of-sydney-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0752", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-archdiocese-of-canberra-and-goulburn-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn was established on 8 November 1945. It began as a small group in St Christopher's Parish, Canberra to provide hostesses for official parish occasions and to raise money for the church community. It spread later to the city of Goulburn, to town and country centres outside the Archdiocese. Its affiliation with the Federal Council of Catholic Women of Australia in 1953 meant that its agenda broadened from parish affairs to the wider community and to matters of national and global importance to women and their families. It now promotes the intellectual, spiritual, cultural and social welfare of women. It is affiliated with the Catholic Women's League Australia Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-power-for-good-a-history-of-the-catholic-womens-association-and-catholic-womens-league-canberra-and-goulburn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-archdiocese-of-canberra-and-goulburn-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0335-canberra-catholic-womens-league-st-patricks-branch-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "GFS Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0753", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gfs-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "Originally known as the Girls' Friendly Society, GFS Australia began as a local branch of the Girls' Friendly Society founded in England in 1875 by Mary Townsend. This was an Anglican Church group which formed to give maids and female domestic staff spiritual guidance and social activities for their days off. The Society later also functioned in part as an employment agency. The first local Australian branch was formed in Adelaide in 1879, with branches being established in all states by 1901. It aimed to facilitate friendship between ladies (Associates) and working girls (members). Associates would help find members jobs and encourage them in Christian behaviour. By 1910 there were 329 members in Sydney. The activities of local groups varied considerably. However, in its early days, branches generally held meetings for working girls and several also ran hostels to provide them with accommodation. More recent programs have included camps and leadership courses. The Society no longer focuses solely on girls. As of 2004, its stated aims were 'to minister to children, youth and their families', and there were 14 branches of the Society across all Australian states.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-upholding-of-womanhood-melbournes-interwar-hostels-for-business-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-girls-friendly-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anglicanism-and-gender-issues\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-friendly-society-ballarat-diocesan-council-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/north-grafton-girls-friendly-society-grafton-cathedral-parish-anglican-church-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1893-1967-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-material-relating-to-the-girls-friendly-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/all-saints-parish-church-of-england-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-meetings-of-the-girls-friendly-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-friendly-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-from-various-church-meetings\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-john-the-baptist-goulburn-street-minutes-of-meetings-of-girls-friendly-society-5-feb-1907-11-feb-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baptism-marriage-burial-and-administrative-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-381-lady-musgrave-lodge-committee-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Women's Auxiliary to the Australian Board of Missions", "Entry ID": "AWE0757", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-auxiliary-to-the-australian-board-of-missions\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation, Religious organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Board of Missions formed in 1850 with the aim of converting the indigenous peoples of the islands around Australia to the Anglican faith. In 1910 it was decided to employ women in a fund-raising capacity by forming the Women's Auxiliary to the Australian Board of Missions. Beginning in New South Wales, Auxiliaries were attached to a particular diocese and by the 1980s were established in nineteen of the twenty four Australian dioceses. Initially, the funds raised went toward missionary training. More recently, they have been dedicated to specific projects such as the establishment of a training centre for lay, Indigenous evangelists\n", "Details": "Women involved in this group often saw their role as far more than simple fund-raising including also education and prayer.\nArchival note:\nSince, from its inception, women were elected from the Auxiliary to the Board, information about the groups activities may be found in the general records of the Australia Board of Missions from 1910.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/workers-together-the-story-of-the-womens-auxiliary-to-the-australian-board-of-missions-1910-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-b-m-review-australian-board-of-missions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-herald\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australasian-missionary-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-9\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-a-leaflet-australian-board-of-missions-womens-auxiliary-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/all-saints-parish-church-of-england-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-australian-board-of-missions-tasmanian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-marys-church-of-england-moonah-minutes-of-meetings-of-australian-board-of-missions-womens-auxiliary-1964-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-board-of-missions-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parish-letters-newssheets-and-articles-relating-to-the-activities-of-the-australian-board-of-missions-in-australia-and-papua-new-guinea\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anglican-board-of-mission-australia-further-records-1887-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/w-a-leaflet-australian-board-of-missions-womens-auxiliary\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Itinerants Literary Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0760", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-itinerants-literary-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Itinerants Literary Society began as a result of a dispute with the Hamilton Literary Society in 1894 when a group of members broke away to form a separate society. They are 'itinerants' in that they meet at each member's home in turn. The Society's rules set out the number of members, hours of meeting and terms of membership. At each meeting, members present papers which range widely. The minutes show how themes and topics are chosen and reveal a close adherence to the rules. Early subjects discussed included famous writers and political topics (including women's suffrage), 'women who have made history' (including Jane Franklin, Sarah Bernhardt and Sonia Kovaleski).\n", "Details": "the records preserve a little-known aspect of Hobart women's cultural and social life. Members appear to have been generally conservative. For example, few supported women's suffrage. There is also a poem written in 1954 exhorting electors to vote for Liberal Party leader Robert Menzies. Of particular interest, then, are the papers by Ida McAulay. Her paper on Women's Suffrage expressed disappointment that so few members supported this move. For her the vote for women both a right and a necessary social reform, especially to achieve change in laws relating to divorce and custody of children. Her paper on education asserted the intellectual of women and extolled the study of science and mathematics for both sexes. She also supported sex education the need for women to restrict the size of their families. While advocating equality of education, she believed that girls should also be trained for motherhood\u2014outlining an extensive curriculum including physiology, hygiene, first aid, nursing, cookery and domestic economy.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-itinerants-a-ladies-literary-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-meetings-hobart\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Hamilton Literary Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0761", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hamilton-literary-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Hamilton Literary Society is the oldest continuing literary society in Australia. It was founded by Lady Teresa Hamilton, wife of the Governor of Tasmania, Australia, in 1889. Originally known as the Nil Desperandum Society, the group met twice a month at Government House in Hobart, Tasmania, to hear papers read by members. From 1892, members of the Society were also members of the Australasian Home Reading Association - which was formed under the auspices of the Literature Section of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, for the purpose of developing a taste for recreative and instructive reading among all classes, and directing home study to definite ends.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-itinerants-a-ladies-literary-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-meetings-hobart\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-written-by-mary-katharine-burcham-for-the-hamilton-literary-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-copies-of-papers-scrapbook-attendance-lists-and-associated-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Girl Guides Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0762", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "The first meeting of the Girl Guides Association of Australia Incorporated was held in Melbourne in 1926. The formation of this national body came over a decade after the first guides group was formed in Tasmania, the Girl Peace Scouts. Other states quickly followed and by the time a national body was established, all states in Australia had guides groups.\nThe Association celebrated their seventy-fifth birthday in 1985 and at that time had approximately 100,000 members.\n", "Details": "In Tasmania Girl Peace Scouts, corresponding with the organisation of the same name in New Zealand, were formed as early as 1909-10, while in New South Wales the Australian League of Girl Aids, recognised in affiliation with the Boy Scouts Association, was formed at the same time. In Victoria, the Florence Nightingale Girl Aids were established in 1909, and recognised as Baden-Powell Girl Guides in 1911. Guiding in Western Australia began in 1915 at a public meeting in Perth Town Hall under the sponsorship of the Women's Service Guild.\nSome of these groups were later disbanded with the outbreak of World War I in 1914, but many reformed and were then officially registered as branches of the British association. In the early days these separate groups did not know of each other's existence, because of our great distances and the scarcity of detailed records. Few of these were kept because the pioneers of Guiding did not realise the significance of what they were establishing, nor what a vast movement it would become.\nEventually each state became organised, setting up a headquarters, forming a state executive and appointing a state commissioner. Tasmania was first in 1911 followed by South Australia in 1913, Western Australia in 1915, Queensland in 1919, New South Wales in 1920 and Victoria in 1921.\nIn 2004, Guides Australia described its mission as: 'Helping girls and young women grow into confident, self-respecting, responsible community member.'\nAll Australian Guides, youth and adults, make the same Promise, use the same Laws, and wear the same badge. (The words on the badge say Guides Australia)\nGuide Promise\nI promise that I will do my best,\nto do my duty to God,\nto serve the Queen and my Country,\nto help other people and to keep the Guide Law.\nThe Guide Laws\nA Guide is loyal and can be trusted\nA Guide is helpful\nA Guide is polite and considerate\nA Guide is friendly and a sister to all Guides\nA Guide is kind to animals and respects all living things\nA Guide is obedient\nA Guides has courage and is cheerful in all difficulties\nA Guide makes good use of her time\nA Guide takes care of her own possessions and those of other people\nA Guide is self-controlled in all she thinks says and does\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/communicating\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/among-the-first-people-1908-1936-the-baden-powell-girl-guide-movement-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guiding-in-australia-gia-guiding-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guiding-in-nowra-the-first-60-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blue-and-gold-the-story-told-a-brief-history-of-the-girl-guides-association-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guiding-in-w-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-11\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-scout-guide-courier\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-12\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/goldfields-girl-guides-a-history-of-the-movement-in-the-kalgoorlie-boulder-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-lines-girl-guide-association-western-australia-sylvia-perry-division\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adventuring-official-organ-of-the-girl-guides-association-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-south-australian-girl-guide-magazine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-state-magazine-for-girl-guides-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woozle-the-south-australian-girl-guides-own-newspaper\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-13\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-waratah-the-official-magazine-of-the-girl-guides-association-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-sylvia-ringrose-o-b-e-state-commissioner-1955-1960-a-movement-with-a-purpose\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-janette-gibson-a-m-state-commissioner-1981-1986-building-for-the-future-researched-by-jean-percy-compiled-by-nola-warneke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-joan-guthrie-state-commissioner-1965-1970-the-challenging-sixties-researched-by-margaret-sycamore-compiled-by-nola-warneke\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-honour-burcher-m-b-e-state-commissioner-1960-1965-the-challenging-sixties-researched-by-margaret-sycamore-compiled-by-mavis-holland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-joie-dwyer-state-commissioner-1986-1991-challenge-and-achievement-researched-by-meta-williams-compiled-by-meta-williams\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-mary-moore-m-b-e-state-commissioner-1971-1976-the-progressive-seventies-researched-by-margaret-sycamore-compiled-by-wilma-torney-publication-details-herston-qld-girl-guides-associa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-lilian-gresham-m-b-e-state-commissioner-1945-1954-the-post-war-reconstruction-era-researched-by-meta-williams-compiled-by-meta-williams\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/focus-on-guiding-girl-guides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/promises-made-promises-kept-a-history-of-guiding-in-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guiding-on-the-goldfields-a-history-of-the-movement-in-the-kalgoorlie-boulder-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-story-of-scouting-in-western-australia-1908-1930-with-a-short-account-of-guiding-in-the-same-period\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/matilda-an-official-treasure-bag-of-guiders-information-for-guiders-of-victoria-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-and-balance-sheet-girl-guides-thrift-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/index-to-guiding-in-w-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memories-of-guiding-and-scouting-days-northampton-elsewhere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-guiding-in-the-geraldton-area-1917-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mrs-meta-williams-obe-state-commissioner-1976-1981-the-progressive-seventies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-a-flicker-to-a-flame-the-story-of-the-girl-guides-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-nancy-lutton-1918-2007-bulk-1960-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/you-cant-help-liking-them-motion-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-curtis-otter-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-marjorie-blythe-sound-recording-interviewed-by-w-kay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-rev-lee-edwards-sound-recording-interview-conducted-by-1st-huntingdale-guides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-kathleen-baird-sound-recording-interviewed-by-wyn-kay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-daphne-foulkes-taylor-sound-recording-interviewed-by-gwen-mellowship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-alison-cairns-sound-recording-interviewed-by-w-kay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-lorna-cooper-sound-recording-interviewed-by-g-loughton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recording-of-an-interview-with-the-kendenup-lv-oborne-guides-and-brownies-sound-recording-interviewed-by-f-beech\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-ethel-moore-sound-recording-interviewed-by-margaret-luckett\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-gwen-mellowship-sound-recording-interviewed-by-wyn-kay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-joan-mclean-sound-recording-interviewed-by-win-kay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-pamela-mcgregor-sound-recording-interviewed-by-wyn-kay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-of-western-australia-collection-of-ephemera-material\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-kathleen-brockway-sound-recording-interviewed-by-w-kay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-of-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-kindergarten-girl-guides-company\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-of-victoria-aberdeen-street-geelong-vic-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-of-victoria-st-johns-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-wa-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biographical-cuttings-on-eleanor-manning-former-chief-commissioner-of-the-girl-guides-containing-one-or-more-cuttings-from-newspapers-or-journals\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/members-of-the-girl-guides-association-south-australia-working-in-the-depot-during-their-thrift-campaign-to-raise-funds-for-organisations-such-as-the-red-cross\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grace-margaret-lewis-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guides-sa-oral-history-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-sally-hopton-june-rees-jeff-medwell-peggy-buttfield-and-joyce-raggatt\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-lorna-adams-sound-recording-interviewer-neil-baron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recording-of-the-forty-fifth-anniversary-meeting-of-the-adelaide-trefoil-guild-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marion-sinclair-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-elsie-haselgrove-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-aileen-bond-sound-recording-interviewer-yvonne-abbott\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-girl-guides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/george-woodroffe-goyder-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cutler-family-papers-1909-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-south-australia-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wemyss-family-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ajana-girl-guides-and-brownies-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-gympie-district-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-nsw-act-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girl-guides-association-of-australia-incorporated-community-organisation-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-elma-sandford-morgan-sound-recording-interviewer-aileen-bond\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1960-1991-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League, Tasmania Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0763", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-tasmania-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Launceston, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League Tasmania was established in 1941 in Launceston to bring together Catholic women, to help them meet socially, to engage in charitable work and to assist them to play their part in public life. Gwen Mullins, the catalyst for its formation, expressed concern about the isolation of Catholics from the general community in Launceston and particularly the non participation of Catholic women in any civic sphere at all. It has been involved in a range of issues including the family, immigration, media programs and educational opportunities for girls. By the 1980s it had developed a greater international awareness with the creation of the office of International Secretary. It is affiliated with the Catholic Women's League Australia Inc.\n", "Details": "The objects of the Catholic Women's League Tasmania Inc. were to:\nPromote the spiritual, cultural, intellectual and social interests of Catholic women,\nTo train and encourage Catholic women to play their proper part in advancing the moral and civic welfare of the community,\nTo assert and defend Christian principles in relation to marriage, the home and education,\nTo work for the extension of the Kingdom of Christ in union with our spiritual guides,\nTo co-operate with other societies in an effort to obtain our objects.\nThe CWL Tasmania is organised into three branches: the North, West\/North-west and the South. It produces a monthly magazine Review.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-faith-and-action-history-of-the-catholic-womens-league-tasmania-1941-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/about-us\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-tasmania-inc-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/state-conference-notes-1971-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League of South Australia Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0765", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-south-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The inaugural meeting of the Catholic Women's League in Australia took place in Adelaide, South Australia on 25 October 1914. Based on the British model, the aim was to centralise the activities of various Catholic women's societies and give public expression to Catholic thought on vital questions. Its founder, Miss Betty Leworthy became the first secretary, with Mrs Abigail McMahon Glynn president. Whilst in London in 1916 Glynn received permission to use the British Catholic Women's League badge. Australian members devised their motto as 'Charity, Work, Loyalty' and expressed the intention 'to unite Catholic women in a bond of common fellowship for the promotion of religious and intellectual interests and social work'. One of its major projects was to establish the St Mary's Hostel in 1916, which continued until 1972. From 1975 the Catholic Women's League Child Care Centre operated from the Hostel site at 178 East Terrace.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/learning-for-life-st-marys-hostel-1916-1972-and-the-catholic-womens-league-child-care-centre-1975-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daniel-mannix-the-roman-catholic-archbishop-of-melbourne-said-at-a-sydney-conference-in-1928-what-catholic-women-cannot-do-cannot-be-done-in-south-australia-this-statement-has-been-proven-by-th\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-south-australia-inc-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-south-australia-inc-records-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League of Western Australia Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0778", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-western-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Mt Lawley, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League of Western Australia was established on 23 August 1937 with the aim of centralising the activities of various Catholic women's societies and to 'give public expression to Catholic thought on vital questions arising from time to time'. It is affiliated with the Catholic Women's League Australia Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-catholic-womens-league-of-w-a-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-western-australia-inc-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League State of Queensland Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0779", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-state-of-queensland-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League State of Queensland was established in 1975. It developed out of the Catholic Daughters of Australia, Brisbane, which was established in 1927. The League aims to unite Catholic women in a common bond of friendship for the promotion of religious, intellectual and social work. Membership is open to all Catholic women who are considered eligible by the branch executive. The organisation operates within the state of Queensland at all levels; state, diocesan\/regional and branch. It is affiliated with the Catholic Women's League Australia Inc. and the World Union of Catholic Women's Organisations.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-state-of-queensland-inc-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women and the Australian Church (WATAC)", "Entry ID": "AWE0780", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-and-the-australian-church-watac\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Kurri Kurri, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "Women and the Australian Church was established in 1984 as a means of changing the understanding of the role of women in the Australian church and in society. It was initiated by the women Religious within the Catholic church and has been supported ideologically and to some extent financially by the Religious Orders of both men and women. It has developed into a network of local and regional groups in the various states of Australia. Men are included in the membership. Although Catholic by origin, it encourages membership from other religious denominations.\n", "Details": "On its establishment as a national project of the Religious women and men of Australia, Women and the Australian Church Inc (WATAC) nominated the primary task to be consciousness raising of women on Christian feminist issues. It has a membership of approximately 2000. WATAC is committed to 'a participative, inclusive model of church which commits women to work towards new forms of partnership with men and with each other in the church', and to 'the emergence of the feminine as intrinsic to an understanding of God, to human wholeness and thereby to church renewal'. The name, WATAC emerged from the ideas of the founding committee who wanted to include all women regardless of whether they were active members of an institutional church.\nSeparate groups operate in the Australian states and territories.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-and-man-one-in-christ-jesus-report-on-the-participation-of-women-in-the-catholic-church-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-and-the-australian-church-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ordination of Catholic Women Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0783", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ordination-of-catholic-women-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Ordination of Catholic Women was founded by Zoe Hancock and Marie Louise Uhr in December 1993 to advocate the inclusion of women as ordained priests in the Catholic church. A national organisation, it held its first conference in Canberra in 1994 and its first international conference in 1999. It maintains a national office in Canberra, with regional convenors in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, South Queensland, Tasmania and Victoria and contacts in South Australia, North Queensland and the Northern Territory.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-and-man-one-in-christ-jesus-report-on-the-participation-of-women-in-the-catholic-church-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-god\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hour-has-come\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ordination-of-catholic-women-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/patricia-brennan-records-relating-to-movement-for-the-ordination-of-women-sydney-1974-2009\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Kids First Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0784", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kids-first-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "Kid First Australia is the trading name of The Children's Protection Society (CPS), which was founded in 1896 as the Victorian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.\nAn initiative of the Governor's wife, Lady Sybil de Vere Brassey, its aims were to protect children from cruelty and neglect, to advance the claims of neglected, abandoned and orphan children to the general public, to co-operate with existing societies for this purpose and to enforce the existing laws for the protection of neglected children and juvenile offenders.\nIt was one of the few secular non government agencies in the child welfare field and it operated on the philosophy of persuading or, in the last resort, compelling parents to fulfil their responsibilities. It became the Children's Protection Society in 1971. Changes to welfare policy and legislative reform in 1985 meant a change in the Society's role but not in the objective to reduce child abuse and neglect.\nIn 2018 the Children's Protection Society changed its name to Kids First Australia. Kids First Australia provides support services to children, young people, and families, such as counselling, treatment and theraputic healing for cases of absue and neglect, youth homelessness prevention, and mentoring and education services.\n", "Details": "The Society operated through a committee of 'leisured upper-class women financing and overseeing the small salaried staff that had direct contact with the clientele'. The first object was to compel parents to discharge their duties and if it could not be done by persuasion, then they would put the law into force. Their uniformed inspectors followed up reports of 'child cruelty' by visiting the homes, issuing warnings and undertaking follow-up visits to ensure that the situation had improved. Only as a last resort did the Society exercise its statutory authority to bring such parents before the court.\nIn 2004 its mission is 'to provide leadership in the prevention and reduction of abuse and neglect by delivering innovative support services to children and their families, raising public awareness of the extent and impact of child abuse and neglect and to strengthen families and communities to create safe environments for children'.\nIn 2018 the organisation changed its name to Kids First Australia. The organisation's vision is one that acknowledges that 'all children and young people thrive in resilient, strong and safe families and communities.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/confronting-cruelty-historical-perspectives-on-child-abuse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1896-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Country Women's Association of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE0786", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of New South Wales, the first such group in Australia, was founded in 1922 at a Bushwomen's Conference held in conjunction with the Royal Agricultural Show in Sydney. It is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group and service association working in the interests of women and children in rural areas. Although ostensibly non-party, in practice the group has tended to bolster conservative politics. Historically, it was, however, also a progressive force in many ways. As early as 1936, for example, the NSW branch passed a resolution in favour of equal pay for women. Although the organisation has in many ways defended traditional gender roles, it has advocated a greater public role for country women. Although its influence has declined, given its large membership and longevity, it was arguably the most influential women's organisation in New South Wales in the twentieth century.\n", "Details": "The Country Women's Association of New South Wales, was formed at the Bushwomen's Conference held in conjunction with the Royal Agricultural Show in Sydney in April 1922. This conference was initiated by Dr Richard Arthur, MP for North Sydney, and Miss Florence Gordon, who ran the Home Page of the Stock and Station Journal. Arthur had been urging the need to improve conditions for rural women since 1904. Gordon had had published a plan for a 'Country Women's Union of Help' in 1921 which received a flood of support from her readers. It was inspired partly by the Women's Institutes established of Canada and Britain. An organising committee formed, including Florence Gordon and Mrs Grace Munro, wife of a wealthy landowner in Bingara, who was to become the foundation president.\nThe Bushwomen's Conference was highly successful and attended by hundreds. Lectures were given on infant care-an important topic for women without the medical facilities or baby health centres enjoyed by city women-and dealing with insects, while Florence Taylor, Sydney's only woman architect, talked about practical rearrangements of the home to increase comfort, such as insect screens. On the second day, the floor was thrown open to general discussion. The women who attended were 'ordinary' rural women, who were in the city for the Show.\nThe brief of the new Association formed out of the conference was simple: to improve the conditions of women on the land. They adopted the motto 'Honour to God, Loyalty to Throne, Service to the Country, Through Country Women, For Country Women, By Country Women.' Their immediate objectives were to secure reduced train fares to the coast in summer, to get support for a seaside home and have maternity wards in country hospitals. While initially largely ignored, as the association grew it gained considerably lobbying power with politicians.\nThe Association expanded rapidly. By 1924 there were 120 branches with 4500 members and 21 rest rooms had been financed and fitted out. By 1927 membership had more than doubled and there were 191 branches. By 1928 it was the largest women's organisation in the state and membership continued to grow in the 1930s. By 1937, there were more than 17,000 members, 345 branches and 133 Younger Sets. By 1953 there were 28000 members and 517 branches, 182 rest rooms, 157 baby health centres, holiday homes, rest homes, hospitals, school hostels and playgrounds.\nYounger Sets were introduced at the 1927. Their purpose was to 'further the aims of the CWA in general and in particular to use every opportunity of being instructed in First Aid, Home Nursing and Mothercraft'-. They were to perform social service and arrange social functions. Girls joined at 18 and often remained until 30.\nAlthough the specific activities of individual branches varied, among other endeavours, they actively supported the Bush Nursing Association, the Far West children's health Scheme, the Bush Book Club, Girl Guides, and Boy Scouts, Travellers Aid and the flying Doctor Service. From the 1930s handicrafts have featured prominently among the associations activities, and they have also produced numerous cookbooks. Association news was regularly reported in the Stock and Station Journal and in 1937 the CWA's own journal was established.\nDuring WWII, most CWA efforts were redirected to supporting the war effort. They entertained and fed men in country training camps, supported the Australian Comforts Fund and knitted garments for soldiers. They particularly took on the task of making camouflage netting for the army from 1942. Over 400 camouflage netting circles were established, producing hundreds of thousands of nets by early 1944. Many members were also left to run the family farm while their husbands were away fighting.\nIn the postwar years the CWA took an interest in welcoming new migrants - meeting at least two ships a months and providing catering for 1000-2500 migrants a time. They also helped families settle and invited women to branch meetings. Special services were set up for migrant women living in the snowy Mountains. However, like the rest of Australia, the CWA largely ignored the plight of Aboriginal people-although they were more prominent in rural areas-until the late 1950s at least when some branches began to encourage Aboriginal women to join, although prejudice among members persisted.\nThe CWA was, and continues to be, a generally conservative organisation with an almost exclusively white membership. In the early days at least, many of the most active members were women with money, education and leisure. Historically, it was, however, also a progressive force in many ways. As early as 1936, for example, the NSW branch passed a resolution in favour of equal pay for women. Although the organisation has in many ways defended traditional gender roles, it has advocated a greater public role for country women. It has also been outspoken on environmental issues.\nHelen Townsend provides an excellent overview of the diverse nature and activities of the group:\n'The Australian countryside has always been seen very much as the province of the Australian male. Folklore and literature concentrate on the tradition of mateship, the struggle of man against nature \u2026 The Country Women's Association has tended to be ridiculed, partly because it is a women's organisation operating in a male domain, and partly because the women who belong to it are such a far cry from the stereotype of the \"little woman.\" The women of the CWA, while believing deeply that their role in the family is vitally important, have been initiators, fighters and lobbyists. They have made localities into communities by providing social activities and educational, recreational and medical facilities \u2026\nShe further notes that the group is both practical and idealistic, radical and conservative: 'They are radicals, insisting on better community facilities, yet the conservative guardians of traditional values.' [Serving the Country, p. vii.]\nFrom the late 1960s the numerical strength and influence of the CWA began to decline. It has since revived somewhat.\nIn 2004 its stated aims were:\n (a) To bring all women and families together and form a network of support.\n (b) To provide a forum for the voice of all women in New South Wales.\n (c) To improve conditions and welfare of all women and families especially in country areas.\n (d) To support schemes which enhance the value of country living, especially health and educational facilities.\n (e) To encourage development in regional areas and to increase the viability of rural communities and the environment.\n (f) To provide a voice to Government at all levels.\n (g) To promote International goodwill friendship understanding and tolerance between all people.\n[http:\/\/www.cwaofnsw.org.au]\nIn this year the Association had over 13,000 members, belonging to one of 500 local branches.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burthong-cwa-forty-years-1958-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-n-s-w-canberra-branch-50th-anniversary-1946-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/serving-the-country-the-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/remote-rural-womens-ideologies-spaces-and-networks-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-1922-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-double-bind-being-female-and-being-rural-a-comparative-study-of-australia-new-zealand-and-canada-edited-version-of-a-public-lecture-presented-at-lock-haven-university-pennsylvania-april-199\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tailoring-rural-women-in-australia-canada-and-new-zealand-the-touch-of-silk-paper-first-presented-at-the-international-conference-of-historical-geographers-9th-1995-perth-wa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gwen-green-nee-lowenthal-1900-1988-confronting-the-great-depression-head-on-a-pioneer-jewish-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mandate-of-the-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-earlier-version-of-this-paper-presented-at-the-conference-interest-groups-and-political-lobbying-1994-university-of-new-england\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-in-the-1920s-and-1930s-as-a-counter-revolutionary-organisation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-rural-womens-network-in-new-south-wales-seventy-years-of-the-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-golden-years-the-story-of-the-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-1922-1972\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gateway-to-service-country-womens-association-n-s-w-nowra-branch-1924-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-diamond-years-country-womens-association-n-s-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-canberra-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-woman-the-official-organ-of-the-countrywomens-association-of-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-the-lockhart-branch-of-the-country-womens-association-as-from-19th-july-1924-to-19th-july-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-official-annual-of-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-annual-report-and-balance-sheet-to-be-presented-at-the-annual-general-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pre-maternity-and-post-natal-first-aid-an-outline-of-the-preparations-to-be-made-for-a-confinement-pending-the-arrival-of-doctor-and-nurse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/programme-agenda-of-annual-meeting-and-general-conference-of-the-country-womens-association-of-n-s-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/progress-official-record-of-the-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-1922-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/riverina-group-1927-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rowena-remembered-a-history-of-the-c-w-a-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-silver-years-the-story-of-the-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-1922-1947-publisher-sydney-1947-printer-sydney-estate-of-harry-g-nall-description-66-p-ill-po\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wyong-cwa-golden-jubilee-1932-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-candelo-kameruka-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-cartwrights-hill-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-henty-evening-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-australia-yanco-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-yanco-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clara-m-stevenson-correspondence-1916-1964\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clara-m-stevenson-correspondence-1916-1964-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rose-family-papers-1749-1974-henrietta-eliza-bertha-rose\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-hunter-river-group-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/thelma-bate-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-1959-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Country Women's Association of the Northern Territory", "Entry ID": "AWE0787", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-the-northern-territory\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of the Northern Territory is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group and service association working in the interests of women and children in rural areas. Although ostensibly non-party-political, in practice the group has tended to bolster conservative politics.\nThe Association was officially formed in 1961, although the first branch had been formed in Alice Springs in 1933, with branches in Tennant Creek, Darwin and Katherine following soon after. The southern branches were originally affiliated with the South Australian CWA, while those in Darwin and Katherine were connected with the Queensland CWA.\nArchival Note: Since, prior to 1960, the Tennant Creek and Alice Springs Branches were managed by the South Australian CWA and the Darwin, and the Katherine and Darwin Branches were managed by the Queensland CWA, some records relating to these branches will be contained in the archives of those state organisations.\n", "Details": "The first branch of the CWA in the Northern Territory formed in Alice Springs in 1933. The branch was initiated by a meeting organised by Mrs J. A. Perkins, a member of the CWA of New South Wales. Mrs V. Carrington was elected as first president. Its early activities focussed on building up a library - with books and periodicals being sent out to members on distant stations. By 1936 they had also began handicraft instruction, leading to a weekly craft market by 1960. During WWII, like most other branches, energies were redirected towards supporting the war effort, through fund raising and supporting groups such as the Red Cross, the Australian Comforts Fund and Food for Britain. In 1947 they purchased a hall, which was also used for a range of community activities and briefly as a pre-school.\nThe main early activities of the Tennant Creek branch revolved around organising social activities - Christmas parties, dances, bridge evening and the annual children's fancy dress ball. During WWII they regularly organised entertainment and served refreshments to troops stationed in the area and raised fund to improve their accommodation. During the 1950s virtually every woman in town was a member of the group.\nThe Darwin Branch was formed in 1937 - although various individuals had been suggesting such a move for the previous decade. Its early activities included cooking and craft classes as well as fund raising stalls and raffles. Since almost all women and children were evacuated from Darwin soon after Japan entered the war, the branch ceased operations for the duration. In the postwar years the branch concentrated on philanthropic endeavours - supporting the leprosarium, visiting patients at the hospital, providing giving gifts of Aboriginal children. They also took an interest in issues relating to the lack of facilities in Darwin, particularly in the areas of health, education, housing and food supplies, as well as the need for welfare officers. In the 1950s the group concentrated more projects for its own members - particularly the building of rest rooms and organising social events and fundraisers. They also established the Outback Mothers Hostel in 1953 - for expectant mothers from remote areas to stay in town in close proximity to the hospital and to provide accommodation for rural women and children visiting or convalescing in Darwin.\nThe Katherine branched also formed in 1937. Despite the multiculturalism of the local popular, almost all members were white. The major early achievements of the branch were the establishment of a free lending library and the organisation of an annual Christmas tree for children. They also organised numerous social events. Women and children were also evacuated from Katherine in 1942 and the CWA did not reform until 1948. Their first efforts then were directed at fund raising to build a rest room and hostel - which was not realised until 1956. Racial issues were of acute concern to the group in the 1950s - with letters being written asking that 'natives' be separated from 'whites' on trains and in hospitals and schools. They also opposed the employment of married women in government service.\nThe initiative to form a separate Northern Territory organisation came from the Darwin branch. This had been mooted since 1947, with periodic discussions among the existing CWA branches in the territory continuing throughout the 1950s, which were eventually successful in 1951.\nTerritory-wide, from 1960-1990, much of the Association's energy was taken up by property management. However, handicrafts were also promoted, and organisations concerned with children's welfare and education were particularly assisted - including schools, pre-schools and cr\u00e8ches as well as clubs such as the Girl Guides and Boy Scouts. In the 1960s, considering energy was devoted towards trying to recruit Aboriginal women, or to teach them domestic skills, with little success. Aboriginal women largely resisted these attempts at assimilation. The expansion of health services was also an issue of concern. Charitable activities too increased in the1970s. Committees were also formed to investigate current issues - including child abuse, affirmative action, euthanasia, the environment and taxation. The writing of local histories has also featured prominently in the activities of members.\nBy 1970 membership was 450 in 11 branches. This however, declined to 250 by 1980 and 120 by 1990.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-first-forty-years-the-south-australian-country-womens-association-inc-willunga-branch-1947-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-women-history-of-the-first-seventy-five-years-the-queensland-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-isolation-a-history-of-the-country-womens-association-in-the-northern-territory-1933-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fifty-years-1922-1972\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-scones-and-tea-the-cwa-in-the-northern-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-country-womens-association-of-the-northern-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-the-northern-territory-what-it-is-its-purpose-membership-activities-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/c-w-a-calling\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-the-northern-territory-information-and-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constitution-and-rules-of-the-country-womens-association-of-the-northern-territory-incorporated\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-cwa-country-womens-association-in-darwin-after-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-alice-springs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/3282-queensland-country-womens-association-records-1923-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-the-northern-territory-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ntrs-2323-letter-books\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ntrs-2321-administration-and-correspondence-files\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ntrs-2322-building-and-building-finance-committee-files\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Queensland Country Women's Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0788", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queensland-country-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "Established in 1922, The Queensland Country Women's Association was declared by letters patent to be a Body Corporate on the 13th July, 1926.\nIt is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group and service association working in the interests of women and children in rural areas. Although ostensibly non-party-political, in practice the group has tended to bolster conservative politics and has supported traditional family roles for women. Historically, it was, however, also a progressive force in many ways, particularly in its encouragement of country women to take an active part in public affairs, and also in its lobby for and provision of services to rural areas.\nGiven its size and scope, it was arguably the most influential women's organisation in Queensland in the twentieth century.\n", "Details": "As of 2004 membership was open to all\n women over 16 years of age are welcome. (Younger Set and Associate Members from birth).\n Its website described its role and activities thus:\n'The role of the QCWA has been to improve education, health and welfare for, and to enrich the lives of women and children and hence the family, particularly in the isolated areas of Queensland \u2026\nQCWA activities: -\n Providing training programs at live-in Summer Schools, Younger Set Leadership Schools, Rural Computer Workshops, Health and Literacy Seminars\n Awarding Bursaries to primary \/ secondary \/ tertiary students\n Providing crisis, disaster and emergency help\n Giving assistance through the Rural Crisis Trust Fund to families in need due to prolonged drought\n Special interest groups including Handcraft, Music & Drama, Public Speaking, Dressmaking, Cookery, Knitting & Crochet, Floral Art and International involvement through Country of Study\n A Social Issues Fact Finding Team which continually monitors issues of concern affecting rural, regional and remote Queensland\nQCWA facilities for the public include: -\n Student Hostels in Brisbane and Country centres - tertiary, secondary and primary levels\n Aged Care Facilities - affordable long term accommodation\n Accommodation, Ruth Fairfax House, Brisbane - close to hospitals for Patient Transport Support\n Holiday, Respite and Emergency Accommodation from Gold Coast to Cairns\n Child Care Centres, Kindergartens, Playgrounds, waiting Mothers rooms\n Hospital Haven - Tea Rooms\n Halls - Restrooms\n Royal Flying Doctor Service Clinic Room\nThe Queensland Countrywoman - QCWA publishes its own magazine \"The Queensland Countrywoman\" - 10 copies per year posted to every member.\nQCWA's National Involvement - affiliation with Country Women's Association of Australia (CWA of A), with consultative status to the Australian Government of the day, but remaining autonomous.\nQCWA's International Involvement - affiliation with Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW), the World's largest organisation of rural women and home-makers, with consultative status to several United Nations humanitarian committees such as UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF. ACWW strives to improve the standard of living for all women and their families.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-women-history-of-the-first-seventy-five-years-the-queensland-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fifty-years-1922-1972\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/berry-dame-alice-miriam-1900-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-australia-queensland-emu-park-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-qld-blackwater-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/3282-queensland-country-womens-association-records-1923-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/omgl-queensland-country-womens-association-rosewood-branch-records-1926-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queensland-country-womens-association-burnett-division\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queensland-country-womens-association-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/5465-queensland-country-womens-association-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/address-of-welcome-queensland-country-womens-association-and-national-council-of-women-in-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/7984-queensland-country-womens-association-records-1926-2008\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/5813-queensland-country-womens-association-minute-books-1924-2013\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/28574-queensland-country-womens-association-records-1923-2010\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The South Australian Country Women's Association Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0789", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-south-australian-country-womens-association-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The South Australian Country Women's Association is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group and service association working in the interests of women and children in rural and urban areas. Although ostensibly non-party-political, in practice the group has tended to bolster conservative politics.\nThe State association was formed in 1929. The first branch of the Association in South Australia was actually formed in 1926 at Burra by Mary Warnes. By 1988, nearly every small settlement in South Australia had a CWA branch and the Association comprised 270 branches with 7,500 members (at its peak in 1956 the Association boasted 277 branches and 14,000 members).\nThe Association has engaged in an enormously diverse range of service and lobbying activities since its inception - from the provision of rest rooms and holiday houses for members, and handicraft and homecraft instruction, to the provision of health services in rural areas. Much of the Association's energy has been directed towards providing relief in times of recessions, droughts, floods, war and disasters. Its size and scope made it one of South Australia's most significant women's organisations.\nArchival note:\nIt is the policy of the headquarters archives to call in all paper-based material relating to all branches when no longer required. For many years the South Australian Association was also responsible for branches in the Northern Territory.\n", "Details": "The first moves towards forming a state-wide Country Women's Association in South Australia actually took place in 1926 when Mrs T. Bowman, then president of the National Council of Women of South Australia, called a meeting of all country Mayoresses and wives of chairmen of district councils. No one replied. However, Bowman held an informal afternoon tea of country women which inspired Mary Warnes, of Koomooloo station, to establish the first CWA branch in Burra. Warnes saw the need for country women's rest rooms, where children could be fed and tea made when women from rural areas had to visit town, and for the need to reduce the isolation experienced by women in the country. A Metropolitan branch formed in Adelaide in 1928,with a Metropolitan Younger Set forming soon after.\nBy late 1931 there were8 branches and by 1937 there were 51 branches and six 'Younger Sets', totalling 3000 members. By 1946 this increased to 141 branches and by 1956 there were 277 branches with 14,000 members. By the 1970s members decreased to around 10,000, declining to 7500 by 1988.\nThe early activities of the Association included the establishment of rest rooms in regional centres and the creation of a circulating library by the Metropolitan branch. They provided relief to rural families during the Depression and droughts of the early 1930s. From the 1930s they ran a kiosk and rest room at the annual Royal Show in Adelaide. In 1932 they also assisted with the establishment of the Baby Health Train, which provided much needed health services to remote areas, and worked with the Mothers and Babies Health Association.\nAs in other states, handicrafts have featured prominently in the Association's activities, and they have also produced numerous cookbooks and local histories. They also supported 'Wool Week' by holding exhibitions of woollen articles made by members. Many branches devoted their time to fundraising and organising social events. From the mid-1930s, several holiday homes for members were also purchased.\nDuring the war years, much energy was directed towards supporting the war effort, although normal Association activities were also continued. They assisted particularly with the Women's Land Army, the nationwide CWA camouflage net making contract (of which 20,000 were made). Thousand of pounds were raised and donated to purchase medical equipment for the army, a trainer plane for the RAAF and to provide meals and other 'comforts' for soldiers in training camps, as well as large donations to the Red Cross. Almost every branch had an Emergency World Circle which made up various woollen garments and other items, as well as sheepskin vests. They also supported 'Food for Britain\nOne of the most immediate postwar developments was the flowering of music, drama and graphic art under the direction of the Combined Arts Advisory Committee for in 1947. Handicrafts activities also expanded - with numerous courses being held in branches across the state. The association also took an interest in new migrants and supported the work of the Good Neighbour Council. From 1957 they also held an annual Homemakers' School at their headquarters and club in Adelaide as well as in regional centres.\nFrom 1934 the CWA was allocated a page in the Rural Review to report on its activities. From 1953-1971 they produced their own weekly newspaper, The South Australian Countrywoman. From 1971 this appeared as weekly segment of the Farmer and Grazier and from 1975 this became a monthly newsletter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/150-plus-far-west-favourites\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-first-forty-years-the-south-australian-country-womens-association-inc-willunga-branch-1947-1987\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-country-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-10\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-rural-review-a-weekly-journal-published-in-the-interests-of-primary-producers-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kimba-cwa-1931-1981-golden-jubilee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/musing-and-amusing\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fifty-years-of-cwa-at-tarcowie\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-we-grow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-passing-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carinya-1956-1989\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-their-own-words-history-of-the-south-australian-country-womens-association-from-1979-to-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-fifty-years-golden-jubilee-history-of-the-south-australian-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-continuation-of-the-history-of-the-cwa-on-eyre-peninsula\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melrose-cwa-50-years-of-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-the-geranium-cwa-branch-1946-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minnipa-branch-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mary-martin-sound-recording-interviewer-neil-baron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-kay-harding-sound-recording-interviewer-neil-baron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s-a-c-w-a-kyancutta-branch-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-joyce-candy-sound-recording-interviewer-neil-baron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-lorna-adams-sound-recording-interviewer-neil-baron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mr-and-mrs-a-l-walsh-sound-recording-interviewer-margaret-allen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-martha-kernich-sound-recording-interviewer-neil-baron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-valmai-webb-sound-recording-interviewer-neil-baron\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-mavis-dawn-cooper-sound-recording-interviewer-june-donovan\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Country Women's Association of Tasmania", "Entry ID": "AWE0790", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-tasmania\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Tasmania", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of Tasmania is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group and voluntary organisation working in the interests of women and children in both urban and rural areas. It was founded in 1936 in Launceston, with Mrs C. W. Peart as President, and grew quickly across the state.\nThe Association was formed partly in response to the formation of similar groups in other states. Its major activities have revolved around the provision of services to its members, fundraising, the improvement of amenities in rural areas (initially with an emphasis on child health services) and social activities.\n", "Details": "The Country Women's Association (CWA) of Tasmania was founded in February 1936 at a meeting in the Launceston Town Hall attended by around 80 women. The meeting was addressed by the State President of The Country Women's Association of Victoria, Miss Elsa Grice, who outlined the history of women's organisations throughout the world and the progress of the CWA in Australia. The Tasmanian Governor's, Lady Clark, agreed to act as patron for the new Association and Mrs W. C. Peart (a clergyman's wife and former member of the CWA of Victoria) was elected foundation president. A month later a similar meeting was held in Hobart, with addresses this time from the Bush Nursing Association, the National Council of Women, the Women's Non-Party League and a past treasurer of the South Australian CWA.\nThe motto adopted by the league was 'Honour to God, Loyalty to the Throne, Service to the Country, Through Country Women, For Country Women, By Country Women'.\nInitially the Associations in the north and south operated separately. In 1937 they joined to form a single body, with a Northern and a Southern Division. During its first 18 months, 18 branches were formed and membership reached 550. This increased to 2500 members and 71 branches by 1940.\nFrom its establishment the Association focussed particularly on issues relating the welfare of women and children. In conjunction with local councils, they established numerous child health centres. Restrooms were also established in many regional centres to provide facilities for members when they had to visit town. Some of these also provided rooms for visiting doctors, clinic sisters, libraries and other community services.\nDuring WWII, as in other states, much of the Association's energy was directed towards supporting the war effort. Twenty thousand camouflage nets were made, along with sheepskin vests, slippers, mittens and gloves. Thousands of pounds were donated to the Red Cross, Australian Comforts Fund and other causes and an ambulance was purchased for the AIF. Food parcels were sent to soldiers and British civilians. A Voluntary Aid Detachment was established which gave classes in first aid and home nursing.\nFrom the 1946 the Association produced its own semi-annual journal, The Tasmania Country Woman. From 1966, this became a weekly new sheet published in the Tasmania Farmers' Federation Newspaper. From 1977 they again published their own News and Views.\nHandcrafts and home industries have been a particular focus of the Tasmanian Association since 1937 when committees were established to promote these activities. Numerous classes, craft schools and exhibitions have been held since this time. They have also published several cookery books. In the postwar years, choral and drama activities also became a prominent feature of the Association's social functions. They also became interested in 'beautification' - planting hundreds of trees., shrubs and garden beds in public spaces. From 1942 to 1982 they also ran a Housekeeper scheme, although insufficient funds limited its success. In the 1950s and 1960s numerous holiday homes were established for members. They also showed an interest in new migrants and were represented on Good Neighbourhood Councils.\nOver the years the Association has raised funds to support or establish a wide range of community services - from community Halls and playgrounds, to aged care homes, to facilities for disabled children. They have supported the Asthma Foundation, St John's Ambulance, and Meals on Wheels and provided emergency relief in times of fire and flood.\nIn 2004 the aims of the Association included:\n-To encourage interest in current affairs, home management and cultural activities.\n-To support schemes which provide for:\n(a) Education in nutrition\n(b) Training in Home Economics and Home Management\n(c) To encourage the production of home grown foods and use of them to the best advantage.\n(d) Community Centres and\/or Projects of Community value.\n(e) Children's activities.\n(g) Child Care.\n(h) Youth Organisations.\n(i) Crime prevention.\n-To take interest in education at all levels.\n-To welcome and take kindly interest in all newcomers in every district.\n-To encourage tree planting, for home and town beautification and to assist conservation.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-21st-birthday-cookery-book-of-the-country-womens-association-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/glimpses-of-gold-a-brief-history-of-the-country-womens-association-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/playing-our-part-sixty-years-of-the-country-womens-association-in-tasmania-1936-1996-in-celebration-a-roll-of-honour-and-graphic-evidence-dedicated-to-our-membership\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/news-and-views-country-womens-association-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-formation-and-history-of-the-devonport-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-north-eastern-group-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/more-than-tea-and-talk-the-story-of-cwa-in-taroona-1942-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-tasmanian-countrywoman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-official-annual-of-the-country-womens-association-in-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-australia-north-bruny-island-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-land-army-launceston-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-and-associated-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-book-of-the-frankford-branch-of-the-country-womens-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Country Women's Association of Victoria Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0791", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of Victoria was founded in 1928. It is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group working predominantly in the interests of women and children in rural areas. It's first president (1928-1932) was Lady Mitchell.\nThe Association was formed partly in response to the formation of similar groups in other states. A major objective since its foundation was to 'arrest the [population] drift from rural areas'-a problem which persists today. Its major activities have revolved around the provision of services to its members and the improvement of amenities in rural areas.\n", "Details": "The formation of the Victorian Association was prompted by a meeting organised by Lady Somers (wife of the then state governor) in March 1928. It was quickly strengthened by proliferation of local branches and the decision of the seven Victorian Women's Institutes (the first of which had been formed in 1926) to join the new Association. By 1929 it boasted twenty branches with 1700 members.\nSince its foundation the Association has been involved in an enormous range of activities. The early influence of the Women's Institutes ensured a strong emphasis on Homecrafts and Home Industries within the Victorian Association-a Committee was formed devoted to arranging classes and demonstrations in these areas. In 1932 the Committee established a scholarship to enable a country student to attend the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy. In 1935 over 900 members from 71 branches sent 3000 entries to the its Handicraft Exhibition. During the WWII the Committee coordinated much of the Association's war work and in the 1950s they organised craft classes for women prisoners.\nOne early initiative was the formation of 'Younger Sets' - for girls and young women. By 1932 there were 28 of these groups-increasing to 97 by 1949. They engaged in fund raising and community worked as well as holding crafts classes and lectures on numerous topics including home economics, travel and literature. Other early activities included the provision of 'rest rooms' in regional centres (to provide facilities for visiting farm women) and the purchase of a holiday home at Black Rock (which extended over the years into a large complex)-to provide members with affordable holiday accommodation. They also helped establish a bush 'Dental van' in the 1930s, ran a 'Home Help Scheme' from 1940-70 and established numerous welfare, relief and scholarship funds. During WWII the Association devoted much of its energy to assisting with the war effort. They made over 150,000 camouflage nets, as well as sheepskin vests for flight crews, numerous other woollen garments. They also established a 'Comforts Fund' for soldiers and sent clothing and bedding to women and children in London.\nIn 1929, the Country Women's Association of Victoria was one of the 23 rural women's organisation which attended a meeting in London, organised by the Marchioness of Aberdeen, to discuss the formation of an international rural women's association. The meeting led to the formation of the Associated Country Women of the World in 1932. From 1945 it became affiliated with the newly formed Country Women's Association of Australia.\nAs of 1978, the organisation's primary aim was 'By community service to improve conditions in the country more especially as they affect the welfare of women and children.'\nOver the years the Association's branches have produced numerous cookery and handicraft books as well as local histories.\nIn 2004, the Association's website described its purpose and activities thus:\n'The Country Women's Association of Victoria Inc. is an organisation based on friendship and self-development opportunities for women of all races, religions or political beliefs. It is an organisation where women from rural and urban areas can meet as one, as the Women of the Country.\nThe CWA of Victoria is unique in that it does not have charitable status, is not totally a service club, nor a philanthropic organisation. It supports numerous charitable causes, particularly as they concern women, children and families.\nThe CWA of Victoria is involved with Government departments in several programs including Wise Women Working and Diversity Victoria, which aim to bring together different cultures for a better understanding across racial borders. It also has input through the Victorian Women's Summit conferences which reflect women's opinions.\nThe Social Issues Committee's role is to research issues which effect women and children in our community, to lobby State and Commonwealth Governments to change things for the betterment of women and to keep members informed through \"The Country Woman\" magazine.' (Issues it has considered include: Problem Gambling, Farm safety, Workcare, Aged Care, Medical indemnity crisis, Shortage of obstetric specialists in rural areas, Funding for Breast Care Nurses, Suicide, Domestic violence, Privacy Laws, Child Employment). It makes submissions on behalf of Members to Government, and recently conducted a survey of issues to concern to Branches across the State.\n'The CWA of Victoria is undertaking an adventurous program of establishing an Internet Branch to give women the opportunity to communicate with like-minded persons.\nCrafts are taught and encouraged at Branch, Group and State levels and choral and drama groups thrive at some Branches.\nA Statewide public speaking competition culminates with the final at the State Conference each year.\nA Scholarship Fund has been set up to assist with tertiary education for Member's children. Scholarships for non-members are also available.\nThe Welfare and Emergency funds are used to help people in with household and personal items in time of disaster.\nA medical research program is the recipient of the Thanksgiving Fund each year.\nMany weary Royal Agricultural Show patrons enjoy the CWA hospitality in the cafeteria at the Royal Melbourne Show.'\nThey continue to hold regular craft schools.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twenty-one-years-a-brief-history-of-the-association-since-it-was-founded-in-1928\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-politics-of-influence-the-work-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-incorporated-in-the-public-sphere\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tea-scones-and-a-willing-ear-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-1928-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/handicrafts-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-c-w-a-in-wedderburn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-annual-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-annual-report-and-balance-sheet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tapestry-of-achievement-60-years-of-the-south-western-district-of-the-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/through-the-years-1934-1988-central-wimmera-group\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/murray-valley-group-cwa-victoria-1934-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brave-days-pioneer-tales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constitution-rules-and-aims\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/years-of-adventure-1928-1978-fifty-years-of-service-by-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/companionship-welfare-and-achievement-of-cowes-branch-of-the-country-womens-association-of-victoria-the-first-fifty-years-of-c-w-a-on-phillip-island\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-drysdale-c-w-a-incorporated-1948-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/60-years-of-service-bruthen-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-briagolong-branch-country-womens-association-golden-jubilee-1951-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sixty-years-of-sharing-1931-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-touch-of-time-wangaratta-c-w-a-1929-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-country-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-crafts-new-country-crafts\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-merbein-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-victoria-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-robinvale-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1928-ca-1975-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mildred-mattinson-interviewed-by-helen-oshea-for-the-helen-oshea-collection-of-australian-folklore-in-its-social-context-1989-1990-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/phyllis-oldfield-interviewed-by-helen-oshea-for-the-helen-oshea-collection-of-australian-folklore-in-its-social-context-1989-1990-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Country Women's Association of Western Australia (Inc)", "Entry ID": "AWE0792", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-of-western-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of the Western is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group and service association working in the interests of women and children in rural areas. Although ostensibly non-party-political, in practice the group has tended to bolster conservative politics and has supported traditional family roles for women. Historically, it was, however, also a progressive force in many ways, particularly in its encouragement of country women to take an active part in public affairs, and also in its lobby for and provision of services to rural areas.\nGiven its size and scope, it was arguably the most influential women's organisation in Western Australia in the twentieth century.\n", "Details": "The formation of a country women's association in Western Australia was first proposed in 1923 by Lady Forster (wife of the then Governor General). While visiting Perth she addressed a meeting of the National Council of Women at the Karrakatta Club about the recently formed New South Wales Association. A provisional committee was formed to set about establishing a Western Australian Association. Mabel Craven-Griffith sent hundreds of letters and travelled extensively to arouse interest in the proposal. The first meeting was held in Perth in early 1924 and by the end of the year four branches were operating. The first conference was held in March 1925, attended by the four founding branches, at which Craven-Griffiths was elected as the first state president. The original motto, 'Honour to God, Loyalty to the Throne and Empire, Service to the Country, Through Countrywomen, for Countrywomen, by Countrywomen' was also adopted.\nThe first objective of most branches was to establish a Rest Room, where children could be fed and tea made when women from rural areas had to visit town, and as a space for meetings. By 1934 the Association claimed 124 branches, of which 24 already had Rest Rooms. Many were also used for a wide array of other purposes, for example: baby clinics and kindergartens; card evening and other social events; meeting rooms for Guides, Scouts and other groups; wartime canteens; polling booths; and some also provide accommodation. From 1933 into the 1940s the CWA arranged for the distribution of free fruit to children in outback areas where it was not grown and was too expensive to purchase. They also arranged holiday camps for outback children.\nFrom 1934 they produced their own newsletter, the Countrywoman of Western Australia, which became a formal monthly publication in 1940. They have also produced numerous cookbooks and local histories.\nMembership reached a peak of 12,000 across about 250 branches in the mid 1950s, declining to 9,000 by 1970, although the number of branches had increased. From 1928, Younger Sets (for girls and young women) were also established, reaching a peak of 50 'Sets' by 1942, but these steadily declined and were eventually disbanded in the early 1960s.\nDuring the war years, as in other states, much of the Association's energy was directed towards supporting the war effort. They initiated a War Relief Fund, which purchased materials that were made up into various garments for those in war-devastated areas by members of local branches. Some Rest Rooms were used as 'spotting stations' for Japanese attacks, often manned by CWA members during the day. They arranged accommodation, meals and entertainment for soldiers who were in training or transit. They launched a training scheme for girls to undertake work in rural areas where male labour was in short supply. They contributed to the CWA's nationwide camouflage net making contract, as well as making up various woollen garments and other items, as well as sheepskin vests .After the war they continued to send food parcels and clothing to Britain.\nThey assisted particularly with the Women's Land Army, the nationwide CWA camouflage net making contract (of which 20,000 were made). Thousand of pounds were raised and donated to purchase medical equipment for the army, a trainer plane for the RAAF and to provide meals and other 'comforts' for soldiers in training camps, as well as large donations to the Red Cross. Almost every branch had an Emergency World Circle which made up various woollen garments and other items, as well as sheepskin vests. They also supported 'Food for Britain\nNationwide, CWA members made over 150,000 camouflage nets, as well as sheepskin vests for flight crews, and numerous other woollen garments. They also established a 'Comforts Fund' for soldiers and sent clothing and bedding to women and children in London.\nIn the postwar years the Association's activities expanded considerably. In 1946 a Club House was rented in Perth to provide both meeting rooms and accommodation, and in 1953 separate headquarter were built. Numerous holiday homes were also purchased and since the 1960s it has also established aged care homes for members. Handicrafts had been a strong feature of the Association since the 1930s, with numerous statewide exhibitions being held. In the 1940s and 1950s various handicraft schools were organised and the central Handicraft Committee sent out numerous packages of materials and instructions to outlying branches. In the 1950s numerous Association choirs were established, and from 1953 statewide drama contests were held. In 1974, to celebrate the Association's golden jubilee, over two hundred histories of local branches were written and sent to the central office.\nA variety of welfare activities were also undertaken, with a welfare fund having being established in 1934, to assist members in need or times of emergencies and natural disasters. Various funds have also assisted rural children to attend high school, and have been donated to causes both in Australia and abroad. In 1935 an Emergency Housekeeper Scheme was established. This became a separate in 1937, but in 1969 was taken over again by the Association. From the 1930s it established and ran several hostels for country school students who needed to live away from home in regional centres in order to attend high school. Most of these were transferred to government control in the 1960s.\nThe Association has also worked closely with numerous other organisations, particularly the Travellers' Aid Service. It has also had representatives a diverse range of groups, including, for example, the State Housing Authority, the Good Neighbour Council, the Keep Australia Beautiful Council, the Health Education Council, the Royal Flying Doctor Service, the WA Association for Children's Films and Television.\nAs of 2004 the Association's aim is: 'To improve the well being of all people especially those in country areas by promoting courtesy, co-operation, community effort, ethical standards and the wise use of resources.' It maintains holiday accommodation and retirement units; welfare and education funds; and an emergency home help service. Recently it has focussed particularly on the issue of aged care. Since 1988 it has run a rural information service, which monitors and disseminates information on rural services and assistance particularly relating to health, education and aged care.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cwa-celebrating-75-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/60-years-of-the-countrywoman-of-western-australia-official-publication-of-the-country-womens-association-of-w-a-inc-1934-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-no-milkmaid-a-biography-of-dame-raigh-roe-d-b-e\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-countrywoman-of-western-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-coast-calling-cwa-wa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-south-eastern-division-cwa-1953-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dalwallinu-branch-history-1974-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/salmon-gums-cwa-1938-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-wa-inc-wubin-branch-history-1974-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-jibberding-branch-of-country-womans-association-of-western-australia-1974-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-buntine-branch-history-1974-to-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pithara-branch-1974-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/carnarvon-november-1938-c-w-a-w-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-continuing-story\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/her-name-is-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grass-patch-1952-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-southern-cross-branch-of-c-w-a-1934-1971\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silver-years-in-the-golden-west-1924-1949\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gairdner-country-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1902-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-raigh-roe-interviewed-by-gail-ohanlon-in-the-australians-of-the-year-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1948-1980-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1887-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-western-australia-collection-of-ephemera-material\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1882-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-winifred-kastner-sound-recording-interviewed-by-jean-teasdale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1937-1954-microform\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-yerecoin-branch-of-the-country-womens-association-198-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1877-1951-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Western Australian Women's Society of Fine Arts and Crafts", "Entry ID": "AWE0794", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-western-australian-womens-society-of-fine-arts-and-crafts\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "Formed in 1935 in response to the long felt need for an organization that advanced women's interests and stimulated their creativity, the Western Australian Women's Society of Fine Arts and Crafts exemplified practical women-centred responses to the exclusion of women in the arts establishment. Three key periods of expansion were: the late 1940s, when work as a teaching society began in earnest; the mid 1960s, when memberships numbered 136; and the late 1970s and early 1980s, when craft had a renaissance and the organisation's numbers swelled. The Subiaco property, purchased in 1973, still serves as headquarters and continues to host classes in a range of crafts.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-w-a-womens-society-of-fine-arts-crafts-its-time-to-remember-1935-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1898-1977-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-west-australian-womens-society-of-fine-arts-and-crafts-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Centre for Research for Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0795", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centre-for-research-for-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Bentley, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1993 the Centre for Research for Women is a joint initiative between Curtin University of Technology, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University and the University of Western Australia. Based on a model of inter-university collaboration, the centre promotes feminist research across disciplines, universities, the community and the public sector. The Centre for Research for Women maintains an extensive database of expertise aimed at expanding research opportunities and the dissemination of research programmes. Every three years the location of the centre rotates to another of the participating universities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inter-university-inter-disciplinary-celebrating-a-decade-of-collaborative-leadership-at-the-centre-for-research-for-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centre-for-research-for-women-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Western Australian Council for Equal Pay and Opportunity", "Entry ID": "AWE0797", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/western-australian-council-for-equal-pay-and-opportunity\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The formation of the Western Australian Council for Equal Pay and Opportunity in 1958 marked the beginning of a sixteen year long campaign seeking justice for women workers. The effectiveness of the campaign can be attributed to the wide ranging representation of affiliated groups, which included women's organizations, trade unions and representatives from across the political spectrum. The organization dissolved in 1973 when discriminatory clauses were removed from State legislation and the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission decided in favour of equal pay.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/equal-pay-circa-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1958-1975-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Peace Memorial Homes for Children", "Entry ID": "AWE0799", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-peace-memorial-homes-for-children\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Carlton, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "Originally known as Livingstone House in Carlton, then as Livingstone Home in Cheltenham in 1891, the Methodist Homes for Children provided temporary care for abused or neglected children while waiting for them to go to homes in the country. The Committee, which comprised mainly women, wanted to ensure that the children were cared for in a home like atmosphere rather than that of an institution. As demand for such accommodation increased, children remained at the Homes until they completed their education. On their move to Burwood in 1953,The Homes were subsequently known as Orana, The Peace Memorial Homes for Children and from 1989 Orana Family Services. In 1989, at the request of the State government, the organisation moved to its present location in Meadow Heights.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/all-gods-children-a-centenary-history-of-the-methodist-homes-for-children-and-the-orana-peace-memorial-homes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/furnishings-of-love-a-record-of-fifty-years-in-the-service-of-children\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-peace-memorial-homes-for-children-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "ARTEMIS Women's Art Forum", "Entry ID": "AWE0800", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artemis-womens-art-forum\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "Artemis was established in 1985 as a forum for women artists, art teachers, critics and writers. It sought to foster discussion and interest in the practice and ideas of women's art, promote community awareness of women's contribution to the arts, support women working in the arts and set up independent feminist criticism in order to address the perceived inequalities in Western Australia's arts establishment. Artemis aimed to activate critical appraisal of patriarchal culture and its effects on art history, practice and theory to redefine women's art practice in her own image. Artemis disbanded in 1990 due to the discontinuation of funding.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artemis-formed-to-fight-for-womens-equality-in-the-arts-establishment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/artemis-information-about-womens-arts-organisation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1986-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lespar Library of Women's Liberation", "Entry ID": "AWE0801", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lespar-library-of-womens-liberation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Darlington, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "After attempts to establish a lending library at the Women's Centre Action Group and Camp Books failed, Lespar Library of Women's Liberation moved to purpose built facilities on Karin Hoffmann's Darlington property. It operated on an open by appointment basis for twelve years. A key objective was to provide resources and facilities for women centred research. The library also acted as a repository, eventually housing the archives of various women's organizations and individuals on a permanent basis.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lespar-feminist-library-catalogue-titles-authors-subjects\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gay-and-lesbian-archives-of-western-australia-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0803", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Founded 25 March 1909 the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia formed a core feminist connection for the exchange of feminist strategies and ideas with international feminism for much of the twentieth century. While typified as conservative, the Guilds anticipated many radical trends and were at the forefront of activism which challenged the political and social boundaries that excluded from participating fully in society. They worked to raise the status of women and improve the welfare of children, primarily through legislative reform and initiated a wide range of campaigns on local, national and international levels.\n", "Details": "From its inception the Women's Service Guilds shared interests, and in many cases memberships, with other key Western Australian women's organizations agitating for women's rights. The Guilds saw the education of women as the most effective way to improve women's legal status and give them entry into the public sphere. At the local level they lobbied for the direct representation of women in politics, the appointment of women to the judiciary, better conditions for female prisoners, and for women to take key positions in the courts and in welfare work with girls and prostitutes. After many battles they secured the establishment of a maternity hospital that admitted single and married women. In the 1920s the Guilds began a long association with Aboriginal Affairs and campaigned relentlessly to end the injustices experienced by Aborigines, particularly in relation to equality before the law. The Guilds insisted on having a say in shaping government policy and one outcome of many years of political activism was the opening of the first Western Australian Women's Parliament in 1946. Their interests in environmental preservation pre-dated the conscious raising campaigns of the 1980s and 1990s by more than 60 years.\nThe Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia affiliated with many international feminist organizations and acted as a conduit for the dissemination of ideas and information coming into Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-the-warpath-feminist-of-the-first-wave\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sixty-years-of-progress-highlights-of-the-history-of-the-womens-service-guilds-of-w-a-inc-1909-1969-as-presented-on-the-occasion-of-the-diamond-jubilee-celebrations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/march-of-australian-women-a-record-of-fifty-years-struggle-for-equal-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-w-a-founded-1909-and-incorporated-1924-non-party-golden-jubilee-1909-1959-digest-of-growth-activities-and-achievements-milestones-in-50-years-of-community-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/with-ready-hands-and-new-brooms-the-women-who-campaigned-for-female-suffrage-in-western-australia-1895-1899we\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greenwood-irene\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-sexuality-and-feminism-perths-womens-organisations-1938-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1909-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miss-sheila-mcclemans-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/isabel-johnston-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-florence-cardell-oliver-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1876-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1920-1944-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Labor Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE0806", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-labor-womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Political party", "Summary": "The National Labor Women's Network ( NLWN) was established in 1996 and is the peak women's organisation within the Australian Labor Party. It aims to increase the numbers of women active in the Labor Party at all levels, to facilitate and strengthen relationships between the state Labor women's organisations and the National Network. Membership is open to all current financial women members of the Australian Labor Party. The National Executive comprises representatives from all states and territories. The current Convenor is Nicola Roxon, Federal Member for Gellibrand, Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-last-bastion-labor-women-working-towards-equality-in-the-parliaments-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/party-girls-labor-women-now\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Liberal Party of Australia Federal Women's Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE0807", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-party-of-australia-federal-womens-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Political party", "Summary": "The Federal Women's Committee ( FWC) was established at the inaugural meeting of the Federal Council of the Liberal Party in August 1945. It is the peak body representing women in the Liberal Party and acts as a voice for women in the development of policy and party organisational matters. Its aims are to promote and encourage women to become involved in political life, to contribute effectively to the formulation of policy and to assist the Party in implementing its decisions through effective community interaction.\n", "Details": "Each State and Territory Division of the Liberal Party has a women's section, with constituted powers and representation at senior Party levels. Another role of the Federal Women's Committee is to act as a coordinating body of women's work and activity within the divisional Women's Sections, receiving and distributing information from the women in the Divisions and reporting to the Federal Executive of the Party through the President of the Committee. The President of the Committee is also a member of the Advisory Committee on Federal Policy. The voting membership of the Federal Women's Committee comprises the Chairperson of each state and ACT Women's Section, the woman Federal Vice-President of the Party, the President and Immediate Past President of the Federal Women's Committee. The Committee usually meets in Canberra three or four times a year to discuss policy issues.\nThe Liberal Party of Australia was the first political party in Australia to make provision for equal numbers of men and women in some of its senior Party positions, particularly in the Victorian Division, which has had a formal provision for equal representation at vice-presidential level.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-woman-her-future-and-opportunity\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/beryl-beaurepaire\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-of-influence-the-first-fifty-years-of-women-in-the-liberal-party\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/menzies-child-the-liberal-party-of-australia-1944-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-liberal-nation-the-liberal-party-australian-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-liberals-and-the-moral-middle-class-from-alfred-deakin-to-john-howard\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/robert-menzies-forgotten-people\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberal-women-federation-to-1949\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-liberal-party-of-australia-federal-secretariat-circa-1945-1990-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Modern Women's Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0809", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modern-womens-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Political organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "Formed by Katharine Susannah Prichard in 1938 the Modern Women's Club began as a coalition of women from the Communist Party and the Australian Labor Party's Council Against War and Fascism. It sought to provide a forum for women \"of all parties and opinions\" to discuss and act on issues of the day. As Joan Williams notes, it was considered by some as \"most avant-garde for the time\". The Modern Women's Club rejected notions of \"womanly\" preoccupations instead acting as a forum in which working and Aboriginal women could discuss issues of the day, in particular, peace. The club's other key concerns included equal pay, rights for women and citizenship rights for Aborigines.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-furrow\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1938-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Union of Australian Women. Western Australian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0810", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-western-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "Following the establishment of the Union of Australian Women in the early 1950s, the Modern Women's Club donated its assets to the Western Australian (WA) Branch of the new organisation. The Modern Women's Club was founded in Perth in 1938 as a forum for free discussion on issues of the day. The WA Branch of the Union of Australian Women folded in December 1973.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fight-for-the-good\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/roma-gilchrist\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1938-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-madge-cope-sound-recording-interviewed-by-linda-coleman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-madge-cope-sound-recording-interviewed-by-stuart-reid\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-john-and-roma-gilchrist-1927-1984-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sound Women's Peace Camp", "Entry ID": "AWE0813", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sound-womens-peace-camp\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/birthday-party-at-cockburn-sound\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Centre Action Group", "Entry ID": "AWE0815", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-centre-action-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lespar-library-of-womens-liberation-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Rural Community Group", "Entry ID": "AWE0816", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-rural-community-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lespar-library-of-womens-liberation-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gay and Lesbian Archives of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0817", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gay-and-lesbian-archives-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lespar-library-of-womens-liberation-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pan Pacific and South East Asian Women's Association - South Australia (S.A.) Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0820", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pan-pacific-and-south-east-asian-womens-association-south-australia-s-a-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Pan Pacific and South East Asian Women's Association - South Australian (S.A.) Branch was active from 1928. Miss Lena Swann represented South Australia at the Pan-Pacific Conference held in Honolulu. In 1931 Dr. Constance Davey formed the South Australian Branch with Miss Swann as Honorary Secretary. It was originally composed of delegates from various women's organizations, including the League of Women Voters, who were very helpful in the early days. Later, individual members were also accepted. The Association aimed to strengthen the bonds of peace by fostering better understanding and friendship among women of all Pacific and South East Asian areas. It also sought to promote co-operation among women of these regions for the study and improvement of social conditions. To achieve these aims, various methods were employed such as lectures, international nights, study groups and representation on various committees such as the Good Neighbour Council and the United Nations Association - South Australian Division. Dr. Davey remained in the Chair until the late 1940s or early 1950s and was replaced by the Reverend Winifred Kiek who was later elected vice-president of the National Association which formed in 1953. Early members included Ellinor Walker, Hilda Harris, Edith Caseley, and Mrs. Mountford.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pan-pacific-south-east-asia-womens-association-diamond-jubilee-seventeenth-international-conference-canberra-1988\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sixty-years-on-the-story-of-the-pan-pacific-south-east-asia-womens-association-1928-1988-australias-part\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pan-pacific-s-e-asian-womens-association-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-association-of-women-further-records-1930-1978\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Temperance Alliance of South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0821", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temperance-alliance-of-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation", "Summary": "The Temperance Alliance of South Australia was inaugurated on 15th August 1884 as a result of the failure of existing temperance organizations to accommodate moderate drinkers who were nevertheless interested in the reform of the liquor trade. The general aim of the Alliance was to educate the public on the dangers of excessive drinking. Emphasis was placed on educating the young and the South Australian Band of Hope Union was formed in 1916 to address this. The Alliance was a strong organization and provided valuable support for other temperance organizations such as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in joint projects such as the fight for women's suffrage. For instance the Alliance was part of a Temperance Electoral Committee that sent out copies of a pamphlet entitled 'How to vote'. Matthew Wood Green, pastor of the Grote Street Christian Church, became general secretary of the Alliance in 1888 and edited the Alliance and Temperance News, a publication that supported women's suffrage and opened the subject to men as well. Although this organization was not a women's organization per se, women played an active role via the Women's Committee.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-own-name-women-in-south-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/praise-the-pioneers-and-pursue-their-program-temperance-alliance-of-south-australia-centenary-book-1884-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alliance-news-the-organ-of-the-south-australian-alliance-w-c-t-union-and-the-temperance-organizations-of-the-colony\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/temperance-alliance-of-s-a-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom - South Australian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0822", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-south-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) began in Australia in 1915 as The Sisterhood of International Peace, with the motto 'Justice, Friendship and Arbitration'. In 1919 the sisterhood heard of the WILPF and became the Australian Section of the League after sending a delegate to the 1919 conference in Zurich. The League 'aims at bringing together women of different political and philosophical tendencies united in their determination to study, make known and help abolish the political, social, economic and psychological causes of war, and to work for a constructive peace'. (from 'Aims, Principles and Policies' a pamphlet printed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Australian Section in 1965.) The League also maintained ties with other organizations such as the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Society of Friends and Save the Children Fund. Ellinor Walker was one of the early secretaries of the League but unfortunately most of the papers pertaining to that time are missing. The WILPF operated as a study group in the 1950s and went into recess in 1965, before being revitalised in response to the Vietnam War. The League vigorously protested against the war and conscription, and used means such as preparing submissions to parliamentary inquiries, sending out pamphlets and organising rallies. Margaret Forte was one of the more active members during the latter period being at various times Secretary, Section Liaison, Junior Media Peace Project convenor and representing the WILPF on other committees such as United Nations Association of Australia (UNAA) (South Australia), Status of Women Committee, People for Nuclear Disarmament, and Time for Peace.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-1915-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-freedom-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-cathy-picone-sound-recording-interviewer-helen-chryssides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-margaret-forte-sound-recording-interviewer-helen-chryssides\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyceum Club Adelaide Incorporated", "Entry ID": "AWE0826", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyceum-club-adelaide-incorporated\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Lyceum Club Adelaide Incorporated was founded in 1922 by Helen Mayo who became its first president. Its object was to advance the status of women in professional life and in art and letters.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lyceum-club-adelaide-a-history-1922-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-adelaide-lyceum-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-mayo\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-new-women-adelaides-early-women-graduates\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/100-years-of-womens-voices-1922-2022\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-lyceum-club-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-lyceum-club-oral-history-sound-recording-interviewers-yvonne-abbott-aileen-bond-roxy-byrne-barbara-drake-necia-gilbert-helen-jones-diane-kinnaird-eva-mclaren-stella-sobels-sheila\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/recording-of-reminiscences-at-lyceum-clubs-70th-anniversary-dinner-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Benevolent Society of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE0880", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/benevolent-society-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Benevolent Society of New South Wales was the first charitable organisation to be established in Australia. It aims were 'to relieve the poor, the distressed, the aged, the infirm,' to discourage begging and to 'encourage industrious habits' among the poor and to provide them with religious instruction. In 1820 a Ladies Committee was established to attend cases of poor married women during their confinement. This service marked the beginning of the District Nursing service in Australia. In line with the changing needs of pregnant women, the Benevolent Society built and opened the Royal Hospital for Women in 1905 and was responsible for its administration until 1992 when it handed it over to the state government. The Society continues to work in the field of social welfare in New South Wales.\n", "Details": "In 1823 the initial Ladies' Committee severed its connection with the Benevolent Society and continued to operate as a separate society. By 1878 the Benevolent Society had appointed a Ladies' Committee to assume responsibility for interviewing all applicants for admission to the Asylum, which had been established in 1821. \nAfter incorporation of the Society in 1902, the first board of directors included three women, the first to be elected to the Board of Management. They were Mrs Binney, a subscribers' representative, Mrs Buzacott and Mrs Cruickshank, government nominees. Lady Renwick was president of the Ladies' Committee while her husband, Sir Arthur Renwick was the president of the Benevolent Society.\nThe Ladies' Committee had suggested the name of Royal Hospital for Women and had been responsible for furnishing the new hospital together with funds from individual donors. Nevertheless, by 1913 the Society decided to disband the Ladies' Committee believing it had outlived its usefulness. The official reason for its demise was that the executive powers that the Ladies' Committee sought were not provided for under the Act of Incorporation. The real reason appeared to be their interference in the day to day operation of the hospital, which had caused tension between the matron, the medical staff and the Committee. The longest serving member of the Committee, Mrs N Paton was co-opted on to the Board of the Society as a director.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-very-present-help-caring-for-australians-since-1813-the-history-of-the-benevolent-society-of-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-records-of-the-benevolent-society-of-new-south-wales-1813-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-development-of-the-benevolent-sydney-asylum-1788-1855\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/povertys-prison-the-poor-in-new-south-wales-1880-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/benevolent-society-of-new-south-wales-records-1813-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/benevolent-society-of-new-south-wales-records-1813-1995-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-ian-cope-papers-relating-to-the-history-of-the-royal-hospital-for-women-paddington-the-historical-committees-of-the-benevolent-society-of-new-south-wales-and-the-royal-hospital-for-women-and-the\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young Women's Christian Association of Adelaide", "Entry ID": "AWE0894", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-adelaide\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Adelaide branch of the Young Women's Christian Association was founded in 1879 by Mary Colton and operated from the Pirie Street Wesleyan Methodist Church from 1880. In 1884 it became an inter-denominational body affiliated with its English parent. Its initial purpose was to promote the religious conversion and moral protection of young women who were working in the city. To this end, members often visited factories and distributed flowers and 'improving literature'. When the first permanent headquarters opened in Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, in 1900, the YWCA's focus expanded to include physical recreation and social and educational activities. Under the leadership of Rosetta Birks, who became President in 1902, the YWCA launched the re-formed Traveller's Aid Society and later included an employment department and hostel accommodation. New branches were formed outside Adelaide and members were encouraged to form community-based clubs. In more recent years the YWCA has been active in the public sphere on issues concerning women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/two-englishwomen-miss-emma-robarts-and-lady-kinnaird-laid-the-foundations-of-the-worlds-largest-international-womens-movement-in-1855-in-1877-they-named-it-the-young-womens-christian-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-adelaide-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St Joan's International Alliance", "Entry ID": "AWE0925", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-joans-international-alliance\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Section of the St Joan's International Alliance, was established on the initiative of Margaret Flynn an Australian member of the English section of the St Joan's International Alliance. An avowedly feminist organisation, it was open to all Catholics who agreed with the stated object of action 'to secure the political, social and economic equality between men and women and to further the work and usefulness of Catholic women as citizens'. A New South Wales sector was established in 1946, with South Australia and Western Australia following suit in 1950. The first national conference was held in Sydney in 1951.\n", "Details": "The English section of the St Joan's International Alliance was established in 1911 as the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society, but once the suffrage was gained in 1918, the Society gradually broadened its role to consider social issues affecting women and changed its name to reflect that change of emphasis. In 1923 it became the St Joan's Social and Political Alliance. From 1954 the United Kingdom group was known as the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Section of the St Joan's International Alliance.\nThe inaugural executive of the Victorian Sector of the St Joan's Social and Political Alliance included Enid Lyons, wife of the Australian prime minister Joseph Lyons and member of the English section, as president, Kathleen Walsh as vice-president and Margaret Flynn as secretary\/treasurer. Other foundation members included Anna Brennan, also a member of the English section, Julia Flynn, Teresa Wardell and Dr Inez Parer.\nFoundation members of the New South Wales section included Norma Parker, Mary Tenison Wood and Phyllis Burke.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faith-and-feminism-catholic-womens-struggles-for-self-expression\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brennan-anna-teresa-1879-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-st-joans-international-alliance\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Commission for Australian Catholic Women", "Entry ID": "AWE0926", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commission-for-australian-catholic-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Commission for Australian Catholic Women (CACW) was established on the recommendation of the Report on the Participation of Women in the Catholic Church in Australia, which was presented to the Australia Catholic Bishops Conference on 12 April 1999. Its aim is to promote the participation of women in the Catholic Church of Australia. Its commissioners include representatives from Adelaide, Sydney, Ballarat, Melbourne, Whyalla, Perth and Mt Isa. The Commission meets four times annually and works to facilitate the decisions and proposals of the Bishops to build a more inclusive church. The inaugural Chair of the Commission was Geraldine Hawkes.\n", "Details": "The purpose of the Commission is to act as a focal point for ongoing dialogue and integration of ideas relating to women and their participation in the Catholic Church in Australia, and assist in the implementation of the decisions and recommendations concerning the participation of women in the Catholic Church in Australia. It has responsibility also for assisting in the implementation of the recommendations arising in response to the publication Woman and Man: One in Christ Jesus, a report on the participation of women in the Catholic Church in Australia by the Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-and-man-one-in-christ-jesus-report-on-the-participation-of-women-in-the-catholic-church-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-commission-for-australian-catholic-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/commission-for-australian-catholic-women-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom - Western Australian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE0937", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-western-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Peace organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Peace Group was formed in 1928, when a number of Western Australian women's organizations, including Women's Services Guild, YWCA, Labor Women, WCTU and others, got together to organize an Armistice Day celebration. Active for around five years, a decline in enthusiasm in the early 1930s was signalled by the failure of a conference on disarmament. In 1933 the group was reformed as a branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom by Lucy Creeth. The branch went into recess in 1947 but was re-established in 1952 by Nancy Wilkinson.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom-journal-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-w-a-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-20\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-1915-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-greenwood-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1942-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Golding Centre for Women's History, Theology and Spirituality", "Entry ID": "AWE0944", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golding-centre-for-womens-history-theology-and-spirituality\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Tertiary education institution", "Summary": "The Golding Centre for Women's History, Theology and Spirituality was established in April 2003 on the initiative of Dr Sophie McGrath and Dr Rosa MacGinley who understood the necessity of providing a sound academic basis for the Catholic Church's response to the need for Catholic women to recover their history, theology and spirituality. The Centre comprises a three member team with members based on the campuses of McAuley-Banyo (Queensland), Mt Saint Mary (New South Wales), and St Patrick's (Victoria). A multi-disciplinary centre, it is situated within the Institute for the Advancement of Research with outreach to the various appropriate Schools within the University faculties.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/summary-history-of-the-golding-centre\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golding-centre-for-womens-history-theology-and-spirituality-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wise Women Wednesdays", "Entry ID": "AWE0948", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wise-women-wednesdays\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Wise Women Wednesdays are an informal gathering for those interested in women's issues, to exchange information, network and plan. There is a lunch (BYO) and a chat between 12.00 and 12.30 pm. A presentation by an invited speaker takes place from 12.30 to 1.15. After the presentation there is time for questions and discussion. These free events are held on the 2nd Wednesday of the month and are supported by the Centre for Research for Women, National Council of Women Australia, National Council of Women Western Australia (NCW WA), Women's Electoral Lobby and Women's Policy Office, although the latter is no longer involved. Now basically run by the NCW WA a second branch has been established in Mendurah, Western Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "League of Women Voters of South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0954", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/league-of-women-voters-of-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Originally formed in 1909 as the Women's Political Association, its name was quickly changed to the Women's Non-Party Political Association and then the Women's Non-Party Association. Catherine Helen Spence spoke at the inaugural meeting and introduced the major planks of the Association which were 'Equal Federal Marriage and Divorce Laws', and 'Equal Pay for Equal Work'. In 1939 the Association changed its name to the League of Women Voters. This was an Australian-wide title that enabled its aims to be more widely known. The League remained politically active in these areas and was instrumental in the development of a Parliamentary Bill to enact the principle of equality for female and male parents which was passed in 1940. In later years the League developed a close relationship with the Women's Electoral Lobby, acting as a mentor. In 1979 the League was voluntarily wound up as it was felt that the Women's Electoral Lobby could carry on its work. Ellinor Walker gave the valedictory address.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fresh-evidence-new-witnesses-finding-womens-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-politics-in-south-australia-the-ideas-of-the-womens-non-party-association-1918-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-league-of-women-voters-in-south-australia-1909-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-jubilee-souvenir-about-the-league-of-women-voters-of-south-australia-womens-non-party-association-1909-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-league-of-women-voters-womens-non-party-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/news-letter-league-of-women-voters-of-s-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-own-name-women-in-south-australian-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-holidays\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/league-of-women-voters-of-s-a-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woman's Christian Temperance Union of South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0955", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The South Australian branch was founded in1889, following a visit from American spokesperson, Jessie Ackermann. Its purpose was to promote temperance and Christianity in order to improve people's lives and so also involved tackling questions such as raising the age of marriage consent for girls and women's suffrage. By 1899 membership of the various branches numbered over 1100. Elizabeth Webb Nicholls was its first president and served two terms; 1889-1997 and 1906-1927 and in 1891 Mary George became its first paid secretary. Under Nicholls' leadership the Union took an active role in the campaign for women's suffrage in South Australia, having a suffrage department convened by Serena Thorne Lake in 1890-1891, and became involved with the Women's Suffrage League.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-own-name-a-history-of-women-in-south-australia-from-1836\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/torch-bearers-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-south-australia-1886-1948\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alliance-news-the-organ-of-the-south-australian-alliance-w-c-t-union-and-the-temperance-organizations-of-the-colony\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-annual-convention\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-patriot\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-annual-convention\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fresh-evidence-new-witnesses-finding-womens-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/of-lengthening-cords-and-strengthening-stakes-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-south-australia-1886-1896\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-south-australia-au-so-v-16-1988-134-142-demj-womens-rights-south-australia-social-history-demn-alcohol-abuse-id-womens-suffrage-league-sa-ns-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-awakened-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jubilee-thanksgiving-memorial-1886-1936-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-south-australiapublication-details-adelaide-the-union-1936-physical-description-31-p-ill-ports-28-cm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-old-order-changeth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-lives-for-old-the-story-of-the-prison-work-of-mrs-e-b-turner-as-state-superintendent-of-prison-work-in-south-australia-for-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-1909-1939\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-century-of-service-the-history-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-south-australia-inc-supplementing-torchbearers-the-first-sixty-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ideal-recipe-book-for-use-of-currants-raisins-sultanas-and-grapes-also-recipes-for-refreshing-fruit-beverages-and-party-drinksedition-4th-ed-publication-details-adelaide-1933-adelaid\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/as-high-as-heaven-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-in-south-australia-1886-1915\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-south-australia-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/petition-no-38-of-1894-signed-by-11600-persons-in-favour-of-the-womens-suffrage-constitution-bill\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cheer Up Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0956", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheer-up-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The South Australian Cheer-Up Society was founded by Alexandrina Seager. Its object was to support the soldiers in the First and Second World Wars as well as to bring them into contact with the 'highest type of womanhood'. During world war one they visited the soldiers at camp before they embarked for the trenches and provided them with supper, concerts and conversation. In the Second World War, they started a Cheer Up Hut near the Adelaide Railway Station that had a hostel and a canteen for every day use and social functions. The hut was financed by donations from several charitable organizations including the Country Women's Association. The society was publicly acknowledged as indicative of women's capacity, support and patriotism.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-closing-and-good-bye-at-the-cheer-up-hut-on-saturday-27th-april-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/upon-the-termination-of-the-activities-of-the-cheer-up-society-1939-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-home-from-home-for-all-servicemen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/grand-sports-carnival-for-navy-league-red-cross-cheer-up-society-s-a-fighting-forces-fund-official-programme\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheer-up-a-story-of-war-work\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/my-yesterday\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-s-a-magazine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheer-up-memories-a-tribute-to-the-cheer-up-ladies-america-day-souvenir\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/souvenir-programme-of-the-naval-military-and-red-cross-exhibition-october-1916\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheer-up-souvenir-to-our-boys\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rules-of-the-cheer-up-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twenty-thousand-dollars\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-own-name-women-in-south-australian-history\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheer-up-society-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woman's League", "Entry ID": "AWE0957", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Formed in 1895 by Lucy Morice, supported by her aunt, Catherine Helen Spence. It aimed to build on the recent enfranchisement of women by educating women politically and socially to be able to take an intelligent part in the political life of the country. It also aimed to forge an alliance of women regardless of class and party to address issues concerning women and children. The first President was Annie Montgomerie Martin. Some members were also members of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. The League ended in 1897.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-own-name-a-history-of-women-in-south-australia-from-1836\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fresh-evidence-new-witnesses-finding-womens-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-league-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Housewives Association (Australia) South Australian Division", "Entry ID": "AWE0958", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/housewives-association-australia-south-australian-division\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Housewives Association (Australia) South Australian Division was formed in 1926 Its foundation president was Agnes Goode. The Association's aims were to 'support, protect and raise the status and interests of the home, women and children; to promote and establish co-operation among housewives; to oppose profiteering in every practical manner; to encourage the greater use of Australian-made goods'. (Housewife, April 1929) The nature of their aims meant that they were politically active. For instance in 1929 then President, Leonora Polkinghorne, protested against increases to the price of gas by warning them that members would vote against them in the next election. She also stood as an Independent for Sturt in the 1930 election backed by the Women's Non-Party Political Association but was unsuccessful. The Association also had a monthly publication called the Housewife, and spoke regularly on the ABC radio station\n", "Details": "In support of their aims, the Association lobbied politicians, canvassed support door-to-door; appeared before government enquiries. The Association was non-party political, and included women who were active in both the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Liberal Union, and supported their efforts to stand for Parliament. These organisations lobbied governments on a wide range of important issues, and succeeded in achieving some notable legislative reforms.\nThey lobbied on:\n\u2022 Changes to the minimum age of marriage for girls. As late as 1927, this was 12 years.\n\u2022 Equal rights for women in the guardianship and custody of children.\n\u2022 Equal pay for women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-housewife\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/homemaker-the-official-organ-of-the-housewives-assn-of-s-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-full-statement-of-the-case-in-support-of-the-restoration-in-south-australia-of-manufacturers-free-gift-offers-and-trading-stamp-discount-coupons-presented-on-behalf-of-the-housewives-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fresh-evidence-new-witnesses-finding-womens-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-her-own-name-a-history-of-women-in-south-australia-from-1836\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-south-australian-division-of-the-housewives-association-foundation-years-1926-1934\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/housewives-association-s-a-division-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Female Refuge Society", "Entry ID": "AWE0961", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-female-refuge-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation, Women's refuge", "Summary": "The Sydney Female Refuge Society was established in 1848 and had premises in Pitt St and at Glebe. It aimed to assist prostitutes abandon their work by cutting them off from the world and by requiring them to conform to the aims and practices of the institution. The middle-class Ladies' Committee enforced strict moral codes coupled with religious instruction to rehabilitate the Refuge inmates. By providing them with laundering and needlework skills they were enabling them to find alternative work once they left, but at the same time required them to work at those tasks while at the Refuge. The minimum period of stay was eighteen months, although the actual time inmates stayed varied.\n", "Details": "Although nominally under the control of men, in practice the Society was administered by women. Constitutionally the Ladies' Committee was an 'advisory body', but became increasingly powerful and by 1870 the women were firmly entrenched and resisted encroachment on to their sphere. In accordance with Protestant evangelical ideas all members of the Ladies' Committee were required to be married as a way of presenting to the inmates of the refuge the ideal of the respectable marriage.\nThe tasks of the Ladies' Committee were numerous. For example two women visited the refuge twice a week; four met as a subcommittee each week and all met once a month. The Ladies' Committee employed and determined the salaries of all the employees, for example a matron, teacher, bible woman and laundress, supervised their work and made all the decisions affecting the domestic economy of the refuge. They decided upon the admission and discharge of each inmate, found work for those who required it on discharge and supervised the progress of each inmate. The Men's Committee produced the annual reports, ran the annual meetings and the subscriptions were generally made in the husbands' names only.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sectarianism-and-purity-within-the-womans-sphere-sydney-refuges-during-the-late-nineteenth-century\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-annual-report-of-the-sydney-female-refuge-society\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/philanthropy-and-the-womans-sphere-sydney-1870-circa-1900\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-female-refuge-society-records-1863-1911\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Koorie Heritage Trust Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0963", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/koorie-heritage-trust-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Koorie Heritage Trust emerged in 1985 from a need for a greater awareness, understanding and appreciation of Koori culture in south-east Australia and for Koori people to manage their own cultural heritage. The Trust has a range of cultural, education and oral history resources, and is a valuable resource for both the Koori and the wider community. The Koorie Cultural Centre showcases the continuous living culture, heritage and history of Koori people of south-east Australia. The Library contains over 6,000 books, papers, videos and government documents spanning from the 1850s to the present day. The Oral History Unit preserves the history of Koori individuals, families and communities from across Victoria. The one permanent and two temporary exhibition galleries showcase emerging Koori artists, touring exhibitions and exhibitions from the Trust's collections. The retail shop, Koori Pty. Ltd., promotes Koori culture by stocking a range of products from local Koori artists and cooperatives as well as Aboriginal designed material from other states across Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies", "Entry ID": "AWE0964", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-institute-of-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-studies\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) was founded in 1961 as the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. The Institute is Australia's premier institution for information about the cultures and lifestyles of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. AIATSIS research staff conduct high-quality research and administer research grants. The Institute's award-winning in-house publisher, Aboriginal Studies Press, publishes an extensive array of books, cassettes and CDs, films and videos, reports, and the Institute's journal, Australian Aboriginal Studies. The Library holds the world's most extensive collections of printed, audio, and visual material on Australian Indigenous topics, including the writing of, and oral interviews with, indigenous women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Infants' Home (Ashfield, New South Wales)", "Entry ID": "AWE0965", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/infants-home-ashfield-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Ashfield, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "Originally established as the Sydney Foundling Hospital in 1874, it became the Infants' Home in 1877. It assumed responsibility for the care of infants of single mothers and destitute parents and provided a temporary home for the mothers. Its management comprised an all female Board until 1973, when the first male joined. It was the first organisation to move from residential care to long day care in the early 1970s and the third family day care scheme to commence operations in New South Wales. The Family Centre of Early Intervention commenced in 1978.\n", "Details": "The members of the first committee comprised Mrs E B Parnell, President, Mrs Julia Bensusan, Secretary, Mrs G F Wise, Treasurer, Mrs (later Lady) E Deas Thomson ( daughter of Governor Bourke and wife of the Colonial Secretary), Lady Murray, Mrs Henry Moore, Mrs Fischer, Mrs Alexander, Mrs Holt, Mrs John Smith and Mrs St John. Mrs John Eales, Mrs Goodenough and Mrs Dumaresq joined in the first year.\nRules for admission to the institution were laid down by July 1874. They required firstly for each application to be dealt with on its merits; secondly, for the infant to be no older than three months; thirdly for the mother to produce satisfactory evidence of her previous respectability and fourthly there had to be proof that the father had deserted the baby and be beyond the reach of the law to enforce him to support it.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/betrayed-and-forsaken-the-official-history-of-the-infants-home-ashfield-founded-in-1874-as-the-sydney-foundling-institution\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/happenings-at-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/infants-home-ashfield-constitution-and-rules\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/infants-home-ashfield-n-s-w-records-1874-1966\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Young Women's Christian Association (Melbourne Y.W.C.A.)", "Entry ID": "AWE0967", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-young-womens-christian-association-melbourne-y-w-c-a\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation, Social support organisation, Voluntary organisation, Welfare organisation, Women's refuge, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "Whilst initially of fundamentally religious character \u2014 inherited from founding principles (i.e. Emma Robarts' Prayer Union founded 1844) - the Young Women's Christian Association of Melbourne (YWCA of Melbourne) began as other Young Women's Christian Association's - predominantly in response to urbanisation and the particular challenges this posed for women (particularly working women). The Association's life span (before a name change in 1999) saw that focus shift in concert with changing economic and social issues; from urban challenges, to suburban ones and finally to state wide issues (hence the name change to Young Women's Christian Association Victoria).\n", "Details": "The Melbourne YWCA held its first official meeting on April 1 1883, with some encouragement (and very little financial support) from the Melbourne Young Men's Christian Association. Forming some 3 years after the Sydney Young Women's Christian Association (Sydney YWCA) became the first permanent representative of the organisation in Australia (there had been a Geelong association as early as 1872, however this collapsed from lack of membership in 1878), the Melbourne association began with a less economically driven objective to that of Sydney: \"the spiritual, intellectual and social improvement of young women\" was the original Melbourne objective, as opposed to Sydney's explicit \"a Home for women and girls who need it [and then] rooms [for] classes and meetings \u2026[and then a] library\".\nThis early objective, suggesting a favouring of the 'spiritual' over the physical and social wellbeing of young women, did not however preclude the Melbourne organisation from instituting a variety of practical 'women helping women' schemes - particularly as the urban and economic environment altered. Examples of these programs include: the Factory Girls program (instituted in 1885); the 'Midnight Mission' efforts (1890); the organisation as employment agency (1901); the Travellers Aid Society (1910); as well as a variety of sex and health education initiatives; and of course emergency and permanent housing (first hostel opened in 1887).\nIn addition to these initiatives were those that encouraged sporting activity, domestic training and personal or 'spiritual edification'. Social reform programs however, became predominant in the early 1900's \u2014 particularly reform programs designed to address poor working conditions for women. The extent of these programs however, remained fundamentally responsive, fears for 'politicisation' of the organisation, keeping systemic approaches a matter of talk, rather than action. Accounts regarding this issue reveal tensions within the organisation (both at a sate and national level): see for example the resignation of Jean Stevenson from the National Young Women's Christian Association in 1924\/25 (Melbourne association General Secretary 1915-1919). This early tension, similar in scope to that between the exclusivity \/ inclusivity of the word 'Christian' within the organisation's title, and also in the organisations approach to 'non-white' social issues, can be seen as defining aspects in the Melbourne organisations early history.\nThe Melbourne association responded to World Wars 1 and 2 by assisting with accommodation and food supplies (the 'Garden Army' for example), whilst simultaneously maintaining community services intended to 'build up citizenship and maintain sanity'. Post 1945, the Melbourne branch shifted its focus to accommodate changing 'demands'. Suburban sprawl for example, acted as the impetus for a variety of in-house training programs aimed at alleviating women's isolation in suburban settings (the Home Tutor Scheme, Green Circle, the Correspondence Program etc.). Similarly, migrant employment services became a responsive and defining focus, leading to an official relationship with the Department of Immigration, instituted in 1949.\nThe last half-decade of the 20th century saw the Melbourne association maintaining its traditional activities (and introducing several new initiatives), whilst simultaneously developing a focus on children's services. For example, in 1970 an after school care program was established in Collingwood and in 1985 a state wide childcare placement scheme was begun. This 'family friendly' approach, emphasised further by the 1975 opening of the 'Family Y' (family accommodation), characterise the Association's post 1970's activities.\nBy the late 1990's however, the organisation began to 'actively campaign' for more controversial social issues (the anti - sweatshop 'Fairwear Campaign' and the refugee children's service are examples). It is interesting to note that this return to earlier more controversial concerns (workplace conditions and asylum issues), directly preceded a major shift in scope for the Young Women's Christian Association of Melbourne: in 1999 -with Rosemary Hehir as Executive Director- the association reclassified itself as Young Women's Christian Organisation Victoria (Y.W.C.A. Victoria).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dinna-forget-stories-from-real-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dauntless-bunch-the-story-of-the-ywca-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/y-w-c-a-1882-1982-melbourne-pictorial-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mothers-anxious-future-australian-christian-womens-organisations-meet-the-modern-world-1890s-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young Women's Christian Association Victoria (Y.W.C.A. Victoria)", "Entry ID": "AWE0968", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-victoria-y-w-c-a-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation, Social support organisation, Welfare organisation, Women's refuge, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Young Women's Christian Organisation of Melbourne reclassified itself in 1999 as Young Women's Christian Organisation Victoria (Y.W.C.A. Victoria). This name change signified a broadening of scope for the organisation which, since 1999 has tended to focus on social reform campaigns of a more vigorously political nature than its prior incarnation. Examples of this include: drug policy recommendation delivered to state and federal governments (2001); reconciliation marching (2001); asylum seeker and refugee action (2001-2004); and paid maternity leave campaigns (2001-2004.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-geelong-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queen Victoria Women's Centre", "Entry ID": "AWE0971", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-womens-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Historical Landmark, Women's Services Provider", "Summary": "The Queen Victoria Women's Centre was established in 1994 by an Act of Parliament, following the closure of the Queen Victoria Women's Hospital in 1989. Community campaigning to save part of the site as a permanent monument to this historically significant landmark in Victorian women's history, led by the Queen Victoria Hospital Action Group, was successful. The government agreed to hand over control of the central tower of the original building to the women of Victoria.\nThe Queen Victoria Women's Centre Act 1994 - administered by the Minister for Women's Affairs, established the Queen Victoria Women's Centre Trust and provides for the management, operation and use of the Queen Victoria Women's Centre and for the ownership of the Queen Victoria Women's Centre land. The centre offers a range of services and exists 'to provide a physical and virtual space for the women of Victoria to reach their full potential, bring about social change and provide opportunities for women to be inspired for the future'.\n", "Details": "Community campaigning in the late 1980s to save part of the site was led by the Queen Victoria Hospital Action Group, incorporated to become Queen Victoria Hospital Action Group. When the Government agreed to preservation of part of the site as a women's centre, the Action Group recommended to the then Premier, John Cain, that he request the Victorian Women's Consultative Council (VWCC) to undertake consultation with women to establish how the site could best be utilised for them. Over 2000 women participated in the consultation process.\nIn 1991 the Queen Victoria Hospital Action Group incorporated to become the Queen Vic. Women's Centre Inc. (the Inc. Group).\nPremier Joan Kirner presented the Inc. Group with the VWCC's final report in 1991 and provided funds for the group to develop an architectural brief. The Inc. Group also developed marketing, fundraising and enterprise development plans in relation to the Centre.\nThe coalition parties (liberal and national) and the Labor party agreed that after the closure of the hospital the centre tower of the building would be refurbished and handed over to the women of Victoria. The Minister of the day Hon Jane Wade made comment to Parliament in 1997 stating 'The Cente is a unique facility for the women of Victoria and, as I said, the project has had the bipartisan support of parliament'. To honour this commitment the Kennett government and the then Minister for Womens affairs, the Hon Jan Wade, spent $4.7 million refurbishing the building and provided $1 million in seed funding to the Women's Centre Trust to ensure the Centre could establish itself as a place for the women of Victoria.\nIn 2000 Minister Sherryl Garbutt, Victorian Minister for Women's Affairs, established a Ministerial Advisory Committee to advise her on matters relating to the future of the QVWC. As part of that report to the Minister it was recommended that the Centre should develop and house a Central Information Hub and a Capacity Builder for women's organisations as well as provide training and conference and meeting rooms.\nSince that time the Centre has continued to be supported by the Office of Women's Policy in all its development initiatives. It has recently received major funding from the Community Support Fund for the first stages of development of both its core programs and has been self-funding for the past two years.\nThe Queen Victoria Women's Centre is part of the QV residential and business development. The city block bounded by Swanston, Russell, Lonsdale and Little Lonsdale Streets has six new laneways crossing it. They are:\n\nShilling Lane\nThe Queen Victoria Shilling Fund helped pay for the building that became the Queen Victoria Women's Hospital.\nAlbert Coates Lane\nAlbert Coates was a leading surgeon at the Melbourne Hospital from 1927.\nArtemis Lane\nArtemis is the Greek goddess of the wildness and wild animals, who became known in cities as a goddess of fertility and childbirth.\nJane Bell Lane\nJane Bell was matron of the Melbourne Hospital from 1910-1934.\nRed Cape Lane\nNamed for the distinctive red capes worn by nurses of the era.\nConstance Stone Lane\nConstance Stone was the first female registered as a doctor in Australia.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-major-projects-known-as-the-victorian-government-major-projects-unit-1987-1992\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Home Nursing Service", "Entry ID": "AWE0972", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-home-nursing-service\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney District Nursing Association was established in 1900 on the initiative of the Anglican Christian Social Union, which considered the care of the sick to be part of its Christian responsibility. It supplied trained nurses to visit the sick and poor in their own homes. In 1906 it made the decision to co-operate with other religious organisations, thereby becoming a non-denominational association. By 1935 the Association was incorporated as a second schedule hospital, governed by a board of directors appointed by the Government. The Association expanded rapidly after 1956 with the passing of the Home Nursing Subsidy Act with the result that by 1967 decentralisation of the service was a priority. The name was changed to the Sydney Home Nursing Service in 1967. The Sydney Home Nursing Service is the largest single organisation in New South Wales delivering community nursing care.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/going-the-extra-mile-a-pictorial-history-of-the-sydney-home-nursing-service-1900-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-home-nursing-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1985-special-article-history-of-home-nursing-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-district-nursing-association-records-1904-1982\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australasian Trained Nurses' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0973", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australasian-trained-nurses-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Trade Union", "Summary": "The Australasian Trained Nurses' Association (ATNA), Australia's first nursing association, was formed in New South Wales in 1899, with branches subsequently established in Queensland in 1904, South Australia in 1905, Western Australia in 1907 and Tasmania in 1908. It sought to improve the status of nurses through registration and to develop standards of training in hospital schools of nursing. The Association commenced publication of its journal entitled Australasian Nurses' Journal, (ANJ) in 1904. The state branches eventually came to form branches of the Australian Nursing Federation, which was established in 1924.\n", "Details": "The specific objects of the Australasian Trained Nurses' Association were:\n1. To promote the interests of trained nurses in all matters affecting their work as a class.\n2. To establish a system of registration for trained nurses.\n3. To afford opportunities for discussing subjects bearing on the work of nursing.\n4. To initiate and control schemes that will provide nurses with an allowance 'during incapacity for work caused by sickness, accident, age or other necessitous circumstances'.\nThe Association began in the larger training hospitals on the initiative of senior medical practitioners and nurses. It comprised an annually elected Council of seventeen members, including five qualified medical practitioners, five matrons or superintendents of nurses, five sisters and nurses, with two honorary members.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-pursuit-of-nursing-excellence-a-history-of-the-royal-college-of-nursing-australia-1949-99\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labour-of-love-the-history-of-the-nurses-association-in-queensland-1860-1950\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australasian-trained-nurses-association-records-1899-1976%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5title-australasian-trained-nurses-association-records-1899-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "New South Wales Bush Nursing Association", "Entry ID": "AWE0976", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-south-wales-bush-nursing-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The New South Wales Bush Nursing Association was formed in 1911 on the initiative of Lady Dudley, wife of the Australian Governor-General. She enlisted the support of the National Council of Women in her strategy to organise an effective nursing service in rural areas. Under vice-regal patronage the Association was assured of success, with the state government providing the first subsidy in 1912. It was disbanded in 1975 when the Health Commission took over management of the Bush Nursing Centres and most were converted to Community Health Centres.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-bush-nursing-journal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-16\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorandum-of-association-and-articles-of-association-of-the-n-s-w-bush-nursing-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/n-s-w-bush-nursing-association-records-and-pictorial-material-1911-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1937-1944-relating-to-the-service-of-ray-alberta-cross-with-the-new-south-wales-bush-nursing-association-with-newspaper-cutting\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/nicholas-enright-printed-material-1924-1936-1959-1989\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Ski Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0978", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-ski-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Ski Club was founded in Sydney in September 1932 and a Victorian branch was formed in November of the same year. The New South Wales branch was disbanded in March 1963. The Victorian branch continues to operate at Mt Buller, Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-ski-club-records-1932-1964\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cootamundra Domestic Training Home for Aboriginal Girls", "Entry ID": "AWE0979", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cootamundra-domestic-training-home-for-aboriginal-girls\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Cootamundra, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Cootamundra, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Training institution", "Summary": "The Cootamundra Home began as the Cootamundra hospital, in operation from 1897 to 1910, and reopened in 1911 as the Cootamundra Domestic Training Home for Aboriginal Girls. It was maintained by the Aborigines Welfare Board until 1968 and was then passed over to the care of the NSW Department of Youth and Community Services and eventually closed its doors in 1974.\u00a0 This was the place where Aboriginal girls were placed after forcible removal from their parents under the Aborigines Protection Act of 1909. The idea was to segregate 'part-Aboriginal' children from their families and assimilate them into the mainstream community. The girls were not allowed to remain in any contact with their families, and were later sent to work as domestic servants. The building that housed the Home was later taken over by the Aboriginal Evangelical Fellowship as a Christian vocational, cultural and agricultural training centre called Bimbadeen College.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cootamundra-girls-home-four-eras-of-occupation\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cootamundra-girls-home-and-former-residents\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cootamundra-girls-home-and-former-residents-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oral-history-of-cootamundra-girls-home\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cootamundra-the-aboriginal-girls-home\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Queensland Rural Women's Network Inc", "Entry ID": "AWE0982", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queensland-rural-womens-network-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Queensland", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "Queensland Rural Women's Network Inc (QRWN) was formed in 1993 to meet the needs of women in rural communities throughout the state. Since then it has grown considerably and runs a series of programs in regional centre's as well as being involved at a national and international level.\nThe membership of QRWN is not restricted to women in primary industries. Members include those who work in related roles in the rural and regional communities, such as Department of Primary Industries and Queensland Health Department. We actively seek, and have, a large number of members who undertake a huge variety of activities in their communities.\n\"Our focus is on all rural women and their families\"\nQRWN aims to provide opportunities for the self-development of rural women as well as being a lobby group that undertakes action in all areas affecting rural women and families, when the necessity arises\nVision\n\"To bring together women to support and enhance rural families and communities by building networks of information, friendship and resources.\"\nMission\nIs to help all rural Queensland women, whether living on the land or in the towns, to contribute more effectively to their communities.\nAims\n\u2022 provide a stimulating and interesting forum for discussions and debate on all issues affecting women\n\u2022 provide a support system through networking in all areas of our state network with other groups throughout Australia and the world to improve country-city relationships\n\u2022 encourage provision of services by government agencies and private organisations\n\u2022 praise the status of all rural women\n\u2022 promote the value and diversity of rural industries and communities\n\u2022 encourage personal development and education in rural communities\nStructure\nQRWN extends over six regions under the management of Regional Directors - Northern, Western, Central, Wide Bay Burnett, South East and Border. The Management Committee, with representatives from all over Queensland, meets. There are a number of local branches operating.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Ladies' Miniature Rifle Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0983", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-ladies-miniature-rifle-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-ladies-miniature-rifle-club-papers-1907-19\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sutherland Waratah Women's Bowling Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0984", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sutherland-waratah-womens-bowling-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sutherland, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sutherland, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-stilgoe-n-s-w-r-s-l-later-sutherland-waratah-womens-bowling-club-1963-1995-a-short-history-1998\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Endeavour Women's Inter-club Bowls and Social Club Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE0985", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-womens-inter-club-bowls-and-social-club-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joan-stilgoe-a-history-of-endeavour-womens-inter-club-bowls-later-endeavour-inter-club-bowls-and-social-club-inc-1962-1995-written-and-compiled-by-joan-and-ralph-stilgoe-2001\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women in Agriculture", "Entry ID": "AWE0986", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Social action organisation", "Summary": "Australian Women in Agriculture (AWiA) was founded on St Valentines Day, February 14, 1993, and by 2004 was a national body of around 500 members. Members come from a large cross section of industries and include farmers, scientists, educators, communicators and others. All members bring a wealth of talents to the organisation and to agriculture. The group is represented on government boards as well as at local levels where industry and rural issues are addressed.\nAustralian Women in Agriculture is committed to promoting the advancement of women in agriculture by:\n\u2022 uniting and raising the profile of women in agriculture;\n\u2022 addressing rural and agricultural inequalities;\n\u2022 working to ensure the survival of agriculture for future generations;\n\u2022 securing local, regional, national and international recognition; and,\n\u2022 achieving the status of a political and economic force.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/second-wave-feminism-in-rural-australia-the-main-elements-and-characteristics-of-the-rural-womens-movement-of-the-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-interview-dorothy-dunn-with-shane-mahony\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-submission-to-the-standing-committee-on-primary-industries-and-regional-services\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-laurene-dietrich-1990-1994-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Tasmania", "Entry ID": "AWE0987", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-tasmania\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Death Place": "Tasmania", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) of Tasmania is primarily dedicated to promoting total abstinence from alcohol and other harmful drugs and all members sign a pledge to this effect. Under its broader agenda of 'home protection' and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, however, it has been involved in wide range of social and political reform activities mostly relating to the welfare of women and children. Importantly, influenced by its sister organisation in the United States, the WCTU became a major supporter of the campaign for women's suffrage in Tasmania as it was believed that power at the ballot box was the only way to achieve their goals. While at its most influential in the years up to WWI, the movement continues today.\n", "Details": "The first branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Tasmania was formed in Hobart in 1885, but was very short lived. Influenced by the visit of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union missionary Mary Leavitt in 1886, three new branches were established. By 1894 there were 14 local Unions in Tasmania with a membership of 280.\nIn the 1890s the Hobart Branch worked with the Chinese community and prisoners and advocated broad ranging social and political reforms including women's suffrage. During World War I they fought for early closing and distributed literature on venereal disease. For the state body, departments of work in the 1890s included scientific temperance instruction, hygiene and heredity, the franchise, legislation and petitions. They also fought for the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Act. From the 1950s, the Union retreated from broader reform goals and concentrated their efforts directly on alcohol and drug related issues.\nRecord notes:\nThe records of individual branches are listed here. Some are contained with the records of the state body, others are separately located.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-few-viragos-on-a-stump-the-womanhood-suffrage-campaign-in-tasmania-1880-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-tasmania-annual-convention\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-convention-meetings-annual-and-committee-reports-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-tasmania\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-victoria-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Comforts Fund", "Entry ID": "AWE0988", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-comforts-fund\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Comforts Fund was established in August 1916 to co-ordinate the activities of the state based patriotic funds, which were established earlier in World War I. Mainly run by women, they provided and distributed free comforts to the Australian 'fit' fighting men in all the battle zones. They became divisions of the Australian Comforts Fund. The Council of the Fund comprised two delegates from New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland and one from the states of Western Australia, South Australia and Tasmania. The Executive headquarters was located in Sydney. It ceased operation on 10 April 1920 and was reconstituted in World War II in June 1940 and ceased operation again on 27 June 1946.\n", "Details": "The state bodies in World War I were: New South Wales: the 'Citizens' 'War Chest' Fund; Queensland Patriotic Fund; South Australia: League of Loyal Women; Tasmania: 'On Active Service Fund'; Australian Comforts Fund, Victorian Division; Victoria League of Western Australia.\nDuring World War II the state bodies were called : The Lord Mayor's Patriotic and War Fund of New South Wales; the Australian Comforts Fund, Victorian Division; the Australian Comforts Fund, Queensland Division; the Australian Comforts Fund, Tasmanian Division; the Fighting Forces Comforts Fund SA Inc; the Victoria League Camp Comforts Fund ( W A )\nAustralian Comforts Fund commissioners conducted its activities in the field, holding honorary rank as officers of the Army or Air Force.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/proud-story-the-official-history-of-the-australian-comforts-fund\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-the-australian-comforts-fund-being-the-official-record-of-a-voluntary-civilian-organisation-which-during-the-great-war-1914-1919-and-until-the-return-of-all-the-australian-troops-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-comforts-fund-papers-1916-1919\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The National Council of Women in the Northern Territory", "Entry ID": "AWE0990", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-council-of-women-in-the-northern-territory\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Voluntary organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-council-of-women-in-the-northern-territory-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The National Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE0993", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Australasia (later renamed the National Women's Christian Temperance Union of Australia) was formed in May 1891 at a meeting held in Melbourne for the purpose of federating the existing Colonial Unions. This was probably the first interstate gathering of women's organisations held in Australia and the Union was the first national women's organization in the country. The first branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) had been formed in Sydney in 1885. Although the primary objective of the organisation in Australia, and worldwide, is the prohibition of, and\/or individual abstinence from, alcohol, the Union has been involved in a broad range of social and political reform activities. It was particularly active in the campaign for women's suffrage in Australia from the 1880s, and the National Union included a Suffrage Department from its inception. The National Union functions as a coordinating body for the various State Unions, and sends representatives to international gatherings of the World's Woman Christian Temperance Union.\n", "Details": "While the first local Union in Australia was formed in Sydney in 1882, the growth of the WCTU in Australia was strongly influenced by visit of Mary Leavitt, the first world missionary of the American Union, who arrived in Australia in 1885 and immediately set about forming local branches. During her visit, she formed five branches in Queensland, one in New South Wales, one in South Australia and three in Tasmania. Although not all of these groups thrived, the movement was reinvigorated by visits from the American Union's second world missionary, Jessie Ackerman, in 1889 and in the 1890s. Jessie Ackerman particularly ensured that women's suffrage was high on the agenda in the early activities of the Australian Union.\nAlthough in some ways a conservative organisation which promoted 'traditional' family values and roles for women, the Union was also a progressive force in many ways. Under its broader agenda of 'home protection' and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and in its belief that the dangers of alcohol could not be tackled in isolation, the WCTU pursued a wide-ranging reform agenda mostly relating to the welfare of women and children. Importantly, influenced by its sister organisation in the United States, the Union became a major supporter of the campaign for women's suffrage in Australia as it was believed that power at the ballot box was the only way to achieve their goals. It was also an early advocate of equal pay.\nBy 1900, the Constitution of the National Union clearly outlined how these issues were intertwined for the Union:\n'We believe in total abstinence for the individual, prohibition for the state and nation, equal standard of purity for men and women, equal wages for equal work without regard to sex, the ballot in the hands of women, arbitration between nations \u2026 [the] Holy Bible as our standard faith.'\nThe Union consistently encouraged women to take on an active role in public life. WCTU members generally were middle- and lower middle-class women, many from non-conformist churches, usually 'respectable' married women with children. While at its most influential in the years up to WWI, the movement continues today.\nRecent priorities for the Union include: protection of the home from alcohol and other drugs; age of consent; euthanasia; pornography; prevention of prostitution and brothels; control of violence and sex in the media; moral standards; youth unemployment; youth suicide; gambling and the social issues arising from gambling; literacy and crime; Aboriginal equality; equal opportunity for both men and women; law and the status of women; women and ageing; health issues especially in regard to foetal alcohol syndrome and foetal effects syndrome; international relations and peace; and social welfare including alcoholism and smoking addictions with women.\nIn 2003 the total national membership was 4,000 across the Unions in each state a Circle Union in the Northern Territory.\nFor further details of the broader activities of the WCTU see the entries for each state Union.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gender-citizenship-and-race-in-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-australia-1890-to-the-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-god-home-and-humanity-national-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-australia-centenary-history-1891-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-white-ribbon-signal-official-organ-of-the-womans-temperance-union-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/title-pioneer-pathways-sixty-years-of-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-federation-monthly-official-organ-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-australasiapublication-details-adelaide-1898-1903-physical-description-6-v-ill-ports-28-cm\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guard-your-race\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-latest-prohibition-facts-for-poll-1st-september-1928-vote-out-the-liquor-bar\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-balance-sheet-and-minutes-of-the-national-convention-national-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methods-of-work-womans-christian-temperance-union\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/isabel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modernity-and-mother-heartedness-spirituality-and-religious-meaning-in-australian-womens-suffrage-and-citizenship-movements-1890s-1920s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Women's Club", "Entry ID": "AWE0994", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Club was founded in 1901 by Dr Mary Booth to provide a place where women interested in public, professional, scientific and artistic work 'might spend their leisure moments and associate together.' The first committee also included Lady David and Rose Scott. It began with 100 members - rising to 807 by 1929. Within the Club there was a debating group and a Thursday Group, while the Sydney University Women Graduates Association and the Professional Women Workers Association were also associated with it. The annual reports of these last two associations are included with those of the Women's Club.\n", "Details": "The preliminary meeting of the Club, called by Mary Booth, was held at the Women's College of the University of Sydney and attended by more than 100 women. The first president was Lady Beaumont, wife of the Admiral of the British fleet stationed in Sydney.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-and-balance-sheet\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorandum-and-articles-of-association-of-the-womens-club-as-amended-up-to-31st-january-1963-and-by-laws-of-the-womens-club-in-force-as-at-31st-january-1963\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/calendar\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memorandum\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rules-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cara-david-a-leading-woman-in-australian-education\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-story-of-the-womens-club-the-first-fifty-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scott-family-manuscript-and-pictorial-material-1777-1925\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/box-09-fry-family-papers-of-edith-fry-1881-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irene-victoria-read-papers-pictorial-material-and-relics-1839-1951\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/life-stories-presented-by-members-of-the-womens-club-2002-2005\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Melbourne Jewish Women's Guild", "Entry ID": "AWE0999", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-melbourne-jewish-womens-guild\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Melbourne Jewish Women's Guild was formed in June 1896 at a meeting held in the Melbourne Town Hall. It initial objectives were personal service amongst poor, especially hospital visits, in order to bring relief to the sick and afflicted, without any regard to creed, race or colour. The philosophy adopted was that 'All are creatures of the same God.' Its foundation president was Mrs N. Bennett. By 1897 the Guild had 132 financial members. They held fundraising events, and distributed goods and money among Melbourne's poor, but they discouraged 'pauperism and idleness'. The Guild became one of the foundation affiliates of the National Council of Women of Victoria in 1902. Dr Constance Ellis, one of Melbourne's first women doctors, was an active member and as the Guild's representative to the National Council of Women of Victoria from 1902.\n", "Details": "Extended notes:\nAs of 1987, the Guild's constitution listed the following aims:\n1a. To visit the sick and poor, either in their own homes or in public institutions.\n1b. To maintain among the members a sewing circle for the purpose of making garments for the poor.\n1c. To grant relief to the poor, either in money or in kind, as in each case the Board of Management may decide.\nIt retains its commitment to provide relief without any 'distinction as to creed'. While membership is open to all faiths, only Jewish women are eligible to hold office.\nActivities of the Guild were report in the Jewish Herald (which later became the Australian Jewish Herald.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bardon Women's Club", "Entry ID": "AWE1003", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bardon-womens-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Social organisation, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Bardon Women's Club was formed in 1926 with the aim of providing a vehicle for community involvement for the women in this suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, as long as they were not Catholic. The initiative of Mrs. Vera Jones, a local mother and an ex-schoolteacher with a Masters of Science from the University of Queensland, the club was open to non-Catholic women who wanted to 'widen their own horizons', who wanted 'a voice in the community' and also needed some entertainment and 'a social focus'. The club amended its constitution in 1996 to allow membership to non-Protestant women, in accordance with State government anti-discrimination legislation. It ceased operation in 1998.\n", "Details": "The inaugural meeting of the Bardon Women's Club took place on November 19, 1926. Mrs. Vera Jones, in consultation with Mrs. Elizabeth Exley, a local resident with a long involvement in community service in the Brisbane, Queensland, area formed the club with the belief that it was vital that women take an interest, and have a secular voice, in community matters. A well educated woman who moved in academic circles, Vera Jones has been described as 'representative of the \"new woman\" who was emerging after World War 1', in that she was 'interested in women's affairs and aware of the need for women to have a voice in community affairs, but not necessarily through the churches as had been the case in the past.' Most of the founding members were young mothers who brought their children with them to the meetings.\nAffiliated with the National Council of Women, the Bardon Women's Club's first achievement was the establishment of a member's library. Club members read voraciously and took an interest in the activities of other organizations, such as the Ithaca Benevolent society, the Mother's Union, District Nursing, and the Temperance Movement. Many of the founding members were involved in the Lyceum Club, the kindergarten movement and the campaign for a University Women's College, to name a few. Its list of guest speakers at meetings reflects this range and type of interests.\nDuring the depression of the 1930s, members worked closely with the Ithaca Benevolent Society and other relief organizations. They also took an active interest in events happening in Europe, although members did not choose to affiliate with the Queensland Women's Peace Conference in 1936. Along with most affiliates of the National Council of Women, however, they joined the Women's National Volunteer Register during World War II.\nAfter the war, the aims and activities of the club changed somewhat, as it moved from being a community service organization that provided women with a social outlet to a much more 'social' club. The founding members were getting on in age and their attendance at meetings was less frequent. New members were still young mothers but, according to an anonymous member who wrote a short history of the organisation 'domestic help was not so readily available as it had been prior to the war.' Perhaps post-war women in the suburbs didn't have the time and resources to devote to community involvement that the previous generation did? Nevertheless, even as a social club, the Bardon Women's Club served the suburban community well. It experienced its highest membership numbers during the early 1950s.\nBy the early 1990s, the club was struggling for membership, and committee members felt that is was unlikely that 'new, young, and active members' were unlikely to join. As one member in 1993 said 'young women have different interests and are either working or busy with small children.' The club amended its constitution in 1996 to allow membership to non-Protestant women, in accordance with State government anti-discrimination legislation, but this did nothing to halt the slide in membership numbers. After seventy-two years the Bardon Women's Club held its final meeting in 1998\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tr-2108-bardon-womens-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om72-57-womens-voluntary-national-register-queensland-state-council-records-1939-1945\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Voluntary National Register, Queensland State Council", "Entry ID": "AWE1004", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-voluntary-national-register-queensland-state-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Services organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Voluntary National Register, Queensland State Council, was established by a gathering of representatives from Queensland women's organisations at a meeting in Brisbane, Queensland on April 26th 1939. It was part of a federal government scheme to determine how many women would be able to provide 'manpower' and national service, if required, when the nation went to war. The list of organizations associated with the register provides evidence of the large number of women who were members of clubs and organizations in the interwar period.\n", "Details": "The Women's Voluntary National Register testifies to the extent to which Australian women were organized into clubs and societies prior to the outbreak of World War II. When Australia went to war, the Federal government wanted to arrive at an understanding of how much 'national service' women (17 years and over) would be able to provide, if it was necessary. The most efficient means of doing this was to tap into the pre-existing network of women's clubs and organizations, and call upon their membership to provide the information. Clubs that affiliated with the register would collect the details of (eligible) volunteers from within their membership base and forward that information to the central register. Women would then be classified according to the type of work available, and the type of work they were suited to do. Women who weren't members of an organization could still volunteer through the state council headquarters, but clearly, 'outsourcing' much of the work to the organizations was a cost and time efficient method of operation.\nAccording to the official regulation book, the objects of the council were:\n1) To co-ordinate methods and generally direct the war activities of the various bodies that will participate in the registration.\n2) To ensure uniformity in methods of registration\n3) To act as the medium between Government authorities and the women's organisations who will complete the register.\nIn 1939 there were 72 affiliated organizations. Forty-six were metropolitan based and twenty-three were from the country. Affiliated organizations included:\nAustralian Comfort Fund\nBardon Women's Club\nBrisbane Women's club\nCatholic Daughters of Australia\nCreche and Kindergarten at Highgate Hill\nLady Musgrave Lodge\nLyceum club\nDistrict Nursing Association\nLeague of Women Voters\nMethodist Women's Emergency Group\nNational Council of Women\nMothercraft Association\nPlayground Association\nWomen's Electoral League\nQueensland Women's Club\nUnited Protestant Women's Association\nToch-H league of Women Helpers\nQCWA\nBritish Jewish Women's Guild and Benevolent Society\nYWCA\nNew Settlers league\nWATC\nBusiness Women's Social Association\nProtestant Women's Club\nCatholic Women's Comfort Fund\nWCTU\nBush Book Club\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tr-2108-bardon-womens-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om72-57-womens-voluntary-national-register-queensland-state-council-records-1939-1945\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Land Army Queensland Division", "Entry ID": "AWE1005", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-land-army-queensland-division\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Services organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Land Army, Queensland Division, was established in July 1942, to help 'fight on the food front.' Queensland women comprised almost one quarter of the nation's enlistees for war on this front. At its peak, 3,000 women were members of the Australian Women's Land Army, 700 of who came from Queensland.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om90-04-australian-womens-land-army-records-1942-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Place Women's Space Steering Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE1006", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-place-womens-space-steering-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The 'Women's Place Women's Space' steering committee was formed in 1989 with the aim of securing a building and funding to resource a women's centre in Brisbane; a building that would provide 'a space for women by women for women, in Brisbane'. An ex-director of the University of Queensland Health Service, Dr Janet Irwin, is credited with initiating the concept, which received the public support of 173 women's organizations, representing 200,000 women throughout Queensland. The then Lord Mayor of Brisbane, Sally Anne Atkinson, gave the proposal her strong support\n", "Details": "After the World Expo stage in Brisbane in 1988 was over, prominent Queensland feminists argued that the women of Queensland, whose millions of hours of unpaid labour had made the event such a success, should be offered a 'permanent thank you present'; an 'indestructable well done' in the form of a 'Women's space'. Initially, the concept built upon ideas that had been floated in the 1970s about the need for a National Women's Research Centre, along the lines of the model offered by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS). The proposed 'Stockmen's Hall of Fame' was also a source of inspiration, with supporters arguing that 'women are equally (more) important than stockmen with their 'Hall of Fame'.\nThe steering committee decided upon the concept of a multipurpose centre, of which a 'Hall of Fame' that focused on the achievements of women in the public and private sector, would be just one section. As well as the 'Hall of Fame', which was not to get 'bogged down by an emphasis on inequalities and injustices', but was to illustrate 'the active role that women from a multiplicity of backgrounds have played or are playing in Australian society', the space would include a gallery area, an auditorium, meeting rooms, a board room and a library. It was envisaged that revenue could be raised by leasing other areas to suitable tenants, such as health professionals, child minding facilities and counseling services.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/5519-soroptimist-international-south-queensland-region-records-1966-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/4094-womens-place-womens-space-steering-committee-plans-june-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om79-02-11-womens-community-aid-association-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/4497-womens-place-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Women's Community Aid Centre", "Entry ID": "AWE1007", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-community-aid-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Women's Community Aid Association was established in the 1970s in order to lobby local, state and federal governments for funding to establish a Women's Resource and Education Centre in Brisbane.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/4094-womens-place-womens-space-steering-committee-plans-june-1992\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Lady Musgrave Lodge Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE1008", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lady-musgrave-lodge-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Lady Musgrave Lodge Committee was the initiative of a group of Brisbane women who felt that there was a need to provide a good home for working women and girls in Brisbane. The committee raised and administered funding to support the lodge where respectable young women could 'take rest or board while waiting a new situation.' Primarily designed to be a first port of call for young emigrant women arriving in the colony, it was also a place to stay for local working women and girls between jobs. It was named for its first patron, Queensland Governor's wife, Lady Lucinda Musgrave.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-381-lady-musgrave-lodge-committee-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-musgrave-lodge-brisbane-ca-1910\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ithaca Benevolent Society", "Entry ID": "AWE1010", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ithaca-benevolent-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Ithaca Benevolent Society was established in 1900 by a group of Brisbane women to relieve poverty and hardship amongst the 'deserving poor'. With the passage of time, the interests of the society evolved to encompass more women-centred interests. They were particularly concerned with the interests of mothers and their children, and spokespeople at the time claimed the association was instrumental in campaigns that sought to set up systems of state aid for mothers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tr-2108-bardon-womens-club\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Association of Queensland Women's Forum Clubs", "Entry ID": "AWE1012", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-queensland-womens-forum-clubs\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Public Speaking Organisation Supervisory Body", "Summary": "The Association of Queensland Women's Forum Clubs was established in 1947 to operate as a central administrative and supervisory body for the growing number of Women's Forum Clubs that formed in Queensland after 1945. The first of these clubs was established in Brisbane, Queensland, in 1941, with the aim of fostering public speaking amongst women. The club maintained a non- party political, non-sectarian stance, and was unaffiliated with any other organizations, except The National Council of Women. The association still exists, under the name of Forum Communicators Association Inc. It acts as the umbrella body for twenty-three (in 2004) forum clubs across Queensland.\n", "Details": "On July 22nd, 1941, a number of prominent Brisbane women called a public meeting of women to discuss the possibility of forming a club for women who were interested in learning public speaking skills. The idea was received enthusiastically by the assembled group, and the first Queensland Women's Forum Club was established on July 30th, 1941. The first ordinary meeting of the new forum club was held on August 20th, 1941 in the blue room at the hotel Canberra.\nThe objects of the Queensland Women's Forum Clubs were:\n1. To improve the standard of speaking among women,\n2. To provide opportunities for women to learn and practice meeting procedure and duties of office-bearers of clubs and organizations,\n3. To maintain freedom of speech,\n4. To encourage a continued interest in education,\n5. To demonstrate to the community the value of loyalty and truth, clarity of thought and the love of the English tongue\n6. To promote loyal fellowship.\n1945 was a year that saw massive growth in the number of clubs across Queensland and the first regional club was established in Mackay. Many clubs began a series of luncheon meetings, as well as the traditional evening meetings, to assist members who found it difficult to get away from home in the evenings. As the number of clubs grew, so did the need for a central administrative body. The Association of Queensland Women's Forum Clubs, known as the Dais, was formed as were, eventually, regional councils.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/secretarys-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/syllabus\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forum-newsletter-association-of-queensland-womens-forum-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/constitution-by-laws-standing-orders-and-brief-history-of-the-association-of-queensland-womens-forum-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/information-handbook\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/speaking-in-public\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om68-19-association-of-queensland-womens-forum-clubs-records-1943-1968\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/28646-association-of-queensland-womens-forum-clubs-records-1960-2013\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queensland Women's Forum Clubs (Chermside Forum)", "Entry ID": "AWE1013", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queensland-womens-forum-clubs-chermside-forum\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Public Speaking Club", "Summary": "On July 22nd, 1941, a number of prominent Brisbane women called a public meeting of women to discuss the possibility of forming a club for women who were interested in learning public speaking skills. The idea was received enthusiastically by the assembled group, and the first Queensland Women's Forum Club was established on July 30th, 1941. The first ordinary meeting of the new forum club was held on August 20th, 1941 in the blue room at the hotel Canberra. The Chermside Forum was established in the 1960s.\n", "Details": "The objects of the Chermside Women's Forum Club were:\n7. To improve the standard of speaking among women,\n8. To provide opportunities for women to learn and practice meeting procedure and duties of office-bearers of clubs and organizations,\n9. To maintain freedom of speech,\n10. To encourage a continued interest in education,\n11. To demonstrate to the community the value of loyalty and truth, clarity of thought and the love of the English tongue\n12. To promote loyal fellowship.\n1945 was a year that saw massive growth in the number of clubs across Queensland and the first regional club was established in Mackay. Many clubs began a series of luncheon meetings, as well as the traditional evening meetings, to assist members who found it difficult to get away from home in the evenings. As the number of clubs grew, so did the need for a central administrative body. The Association of Queensland Women's Forum Clubs, known as the Dais, was formed as were, eventually, regional councils.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om68-19-association-of-queensland-womens-forum-clubs-records-1943-1968\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Equal Franchise Association", "Entry ID": "AWE1014", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-equal-franchise-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's suffrage organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Equal Franchise Association (WEFA) of Queensland was formed in February 1894, marking a timely revitalisation of the woman suffrage movement in that state. Its first president was Mrs Eleanor Trundle, and it represented women who were Labor in their politics. From the outset, the association linked its struggle for votes for women with the campaign against plural voting in Queensland. Once both these aims were achieved, in January 1905, the association held a 'celebration social' and disbanded itself.\n", "Details": "Almost immediately upon being formed in 1894, the Queensland Women's Equal Franchise Association splintered. The women of the Queensland Woman's Suffrage League (WSL), headed by Leontine Cooper, were concerned that the WEFA's links to Labor politics, and the campaign against plural voting, would hinder progress towards achieving woman suffrage in Queensland. Attempts to reconcile the two factions in the month that followed the split were unsuccessful. Therefore, less than two months after its formation, the WEFA held new elections for office bearers. On this occasion, Eleanor Trundle was defeated and Emma Miller, a remarkable Queensland Labor woman, took her place, remaining President of the association for the eleven years of the campaign. Eleanor Trundle moved her energies across to the Queensland Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). Despite the political wrangling that broke out on various occasions between the WEFA and the WSL (with the WCTU remaining firmly apolitical) these three organisations enjoyed fragile moments of cooperation for most of the campaign.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Literary Society", "Entry ID": "AWE1016", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-literary-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney", "Summary": "The Women's Literary Society was formed in Sydney in 1889 with the object of 'mutual help in the study of general literature'. Later its activities were defined as 'searching out and bringing before the meetings such matters as shall be of interest and improvement to members. Discussion upon important topics of the day. Papers upon various matters of interest, criticism upon literary or artistic work or theories upon practical matters.' It is believed to be the first Australian women's group to meet at night.\nProminent members included Rose Scott, Maybanke Anderson and Dora Montefiore. In 1891 members of this group were instrumental in forming the Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales.\n", "Details": "All members were encouraged to present papers and discussions covered topics from Mary Woollstonecraft to socialism to 'Suggestions for the Improvement of affairs for Wage Earning Women.' In one paper, Montefiore suggested that the Society 'brought together the floating feminine intellectuality.'\nBy the end of 1893 it claimed 125 members and at this stage there was some conflict between members who wished to admit men and those who did not.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rose-scott-vision-and-revision-in-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-suffrage-in-australia-a-gift-or-a-struggle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-literary-society-minute-book-15-aug-1892-aug-1893-with-annual-reports-1893-1896\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "BPW Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE1017", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Professional Association, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women (now BPW Australia) was formed in 1947 as an umbrella body for the then six existing Business and Professional Women's Clubs across the country. The first Club had been formed in Melbourne in 1925. Membership was initially open to women holding responsible positions in a professional, business, industrial or educational organisation, and to women giving distinguished service to the community. It thus largely represented the interests of middle-class women. It is now open to women in the workforce more broadly.\nThe Federation was very involved in campaigning for equal pay and equal opportunities for women in employment. By 1980 the number of clubs in the Federation rose to almost 100, representing over 3500 members, although it has since declined. Since its inception the Federation has been affiliated with the International Federation of Business and Professional Women (now BPW International). The Federation continues to work to elevate the status of women generally, remove discrimination and to present the views of business and professional women to government.\nIt still also operates to provide a space for women's networking.\n", "Details": "Issues of equal pay and opportunity have historically been the primary concerns of the Federation, and, from the 1950s to 1960s, they brought three cases before the Commonwealth Industrial Courts on the issue of equal pay. In 1978 they brought a test case for unpaid maternity leave.\nThey have also been active on numerous other issues, such as: jury service for women; uniform divorce laws; removal of the marriage bar; provisions for child care; sole parent benefits; the establishment of the National Women's Advisory Council and encouraging women to a great role in politics.\nIt has also supported various United Nations projects and has been active in encouraging girls to continue with higher education.\nAs of 2004, the BPW Australia website described itself thus:\n'BPW is\n* a federation of affiliated Clubs and Members at Large;\n* nonpartisan and promotes aims and objectives without distinctions as to race, language or religion;\n* the voice of women in the paid and unpaid workforce;\n* affiliated with BPW International, which is represented by Clubs and Affiliated members in over one hundred countries worldwide;\n* in partnership with organisations worldwide expanding its representation to over ten million women\nVision Statement To achieve a just and equal status for women in all levels and areas of society where decisions are taken in true partnership with men, based on mutual respect, for a more balanced and peaceful world.\nMission Statement Knowledge is power, Power is a means of influencing future policies, Policies affect the lives of women, men and children.\nBPW International works to develop a comprehensive framework of structures to provide the necessary education, training and opportunities for women to achieve economic independence and assume their rightful place in work and business, the professions and in all decision-making process.\nBPW is the organisation for women in the workforce\nAims and Objectives\nTo organise business and professional women in all parts of Australia for the attainment of the following objectives:\n* High standard of service in business and professions\n* Stimulate and encourage in women a realisation and acceptance of their responsibilities to the community - locally, nationally and internationally\n* Encourage women and girls to:\n* acquire occupational training and advanced education\n* use their occupational capacities and intelligence for the advantage of others as well as themselves\n* Work for\n* equal opportunities for women in the economic, political, social and cultural life of Australia\n* the elevation of the status of women\n* the removal of discrimination\n* Promote world-wide co-operation between business and professional women of all ages\n*To collect and present the views of business and professional women to the public, government, local authorities and business, to the Division and to the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's aims and objectives.\n*To promote any other objectives in keeping with the aims which the Club considers desirable.\nActivities\nBPW Australia representatives actively participate in the consultative and policy process of government.\nAd hoc Committees are formed from time to time to deal with specific issues that may arise.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/milestones-equal-pay-probate-the-front-runners\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polite-lobbying-the-australian-federation-of-women-voters-and-its-allies-in-the-australian-post-war-womens-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-25-years-b-p-w-australia-the-history-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/business-and-professional-womens-club-bendigo-victoria-australia-1929-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-bpw-victorian-division-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federation-news-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs-victorian-division-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/b-p-w-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/highlights-of-twenty-five-years-north-sydney-business-and-professional-womens-club-1959-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-clubs-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bunbury-b-p-w-bulletin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-rate-for-the-job\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-donnybrook-business-and-professional-womens-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-clubs-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-swan-hill-b-p-w-club-1957-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-of-the-executive-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-nsw-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reports-of-the-honorary-secretary-and-chairman-of-standing-committees\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-the-biennial-conference-of-the-division-of-new-south-wales-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conference-report-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-conference-of-the-tasmanian-division\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-of-the-conference-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-business-and-professional-womens-club-of-perth-perth-the-first-half-century-1946-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-story-b-p-w-bunbury-30th-1969-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-business-professional-womens-club-of-wollongong-history-from-25-years-onwards-1978-to-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-bright-idea-35-years-of-burnie-bpw-history-1967-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-general-meeting-and-election-of-office-bearers-the-business-and-professional-womens-club-of-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-fleming-arnot-personal-and-professional-papers-1890-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-arnot-interviewed-by-amy-mcgrath-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1882-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-phyllis-d-cilento-papers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-hobart-and-clarence-branches%e2%86%b5records-of-the-hobart-and-clarence-branches\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/business-and-professional-womens-club-of-canberra-records-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-business-professional-womens-club-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-victorian-division-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-deposit\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Girls Social and Political Union", "Entry ID": "AWE1018", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-social-and-political-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia", "Summary": "The social activism of quite young women is graphically captured in the activities of the Girls Social and Political Union, which flourished between 1914 and 1917. It was a discussion group formed by Ellinor Walker in 1914, when she was just 18, with a friend, and around 20 other young women. The aims of the group were to promote mutual awareness of matters South Australian, Australian, Imperial and international to make the most effective use of their voting rights. \nThey discussed a wide range of social, political and economic topics, some of which bear currency today\u2014'large pensions being granted to Government servants at the present time of so-called economy'; sweated labour; the wheat scheme, land values taxation.\n", "Details": "The Union's endeavours shows the interests and concerns of a group of high-minded, young middle-class women who were concerned with self-education and self-improvement. Several members of this informal group went on to become involved in the Women's Non-Party Political Association. \nAccording to the State Library'- of South Australian's Reference Archivist Prue McDonald, 'The minute book of the girls union shows issues of concern to the socially and politically aware young women of the day, and are remarkable for the time.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-social-political-union-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Civic League (Australia)", "Entry ID": "AWE1019", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-civic-league-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney", "Occupations": "Social Reform Organisation", "Summary": "The Civic League was inaugurated in Sydney on 25 October 1907 by members of the Women's Club with the objects to inform and organize public sentiment in civic matters and to promote the study, careful framing and systematic agitation of measures of social improvement. It was resolved in 1909 to reconstruct the Civic League on a wider basis outside the Club.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/civic-league-australia-minute-book-1907-1910\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Forum Communicators Association Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1020", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forum-communicators-association-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Association of Women's Forum Club of Australia was established in 1941 with the aim fostering public speaking abilities in women. By 1988, some eighty clubs had been established although only thirty seven were currently active. In 1997 the Association, by now limited entirely to the Association of Queensland Women's Forum Clubs, was renamed the Forum Communicators Association and was no longer exclusively a women's association. The Association produces constitutions, syllabuses, newsletters and holds biennial conferences.\n", "Details": "On 22nd July 1941 a public meeting was called of women interested in the formation of a Club to foster public speaking amongst women. The first President was Miss Ruth Don OAM. The three original Founders of Forum, Lady Groom, Mrs Marjorie Puregger and Miss Ruth Don remained active members throughout their lifetime.\nDuring 1945 a movement grew for the establishment of further clubs and the organisation grew throughout Queensland. It became apparent that a supervising committee would be necessary and in October 1947 the Association of Queensland Women's Forum Clubs was formed, known as the Dais and eventually regional councils were formed. In 1997 the name was changed to Forum Communicators Association Inc.\nIn 2004 there are 23 Forums in various locations in Queensland and the organisation described itself as: 'an organisation for you to increase your self esteem and gain confidence through learning specific skills; effective communication; club administration; chairing meetings; leadership; the duties of office bearers - all in an atmosphere of support and encouragement.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forum-50-golden-years-1941-1991-the-association-of-womens-forum-clubs-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/biennial-conference-the-association-of-womens-forum-clubs-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/conference-forum-communicators-association-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/criticism-a-guide-for-critics-circle-and-other-members\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/secretarys-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-association-of-womens-forum-club-of-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The United Associations of Women", "Entry ID": "AWE1023", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-united-associations-of-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation", "Summary": "The United Associations of Women (U.A.) was one of the most radical feminist groups of the mid twentieth century. It was formed in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1929 by women who perceived a need for a more politically forceful alternative to the range of Australian women's organisations already in existence. Concerned that groups like the National Council of Women and the Feminist Club had become, by the late 1920s, social clubs rather than political lobby groups, Jessie Street, who had been an office-bearer of both the aforementioned organisations, but had become increasingly frustrated by their conservativism, took action. A series of meetings late in 1929 involving Street and other like-minded women such as Linda Littlejohn, Ruby Rich and Adela Pankhurst Walsh culminated in the establishment of the United Associations on 18 December 1929. The UA was extremely active throughout the 1930s and 40s, and played a major role in organising the Australian Women's Charter Conference in 1943.\n", "Details": "The interwar period saw Australian women establishing clubs and joining organisations at an extraordinary rate. The battle for woman suffrage had been won, but there was still much to be achieved by and on the behalf of women. By the late 1920s, however, many committed feminists felt that the existing women's organisations were too conservative and not forceful enough in their attempts to achieve gender equality. Inspired by the activities of a group of similarly dissatisfied English feminists (The Open Door Council), whose singular aim was to focus on women's economic needs and their rights to equal work for equal pay, regardless of marital status, a number of prominent Australian feminists joined forces to form the United Associations of Women Workers (UA). Jessie Street resigned from the Feminist Club in 1929 to become the UA's first president. She was joined by the presidents of three other important New South Wales women's organisations: Mrs. A Roberts of the Women's League; Mrs Dougall-Laing of the Women's Service Club and Mrs. Linda Littlejohn of the Women Voters' Association. Jessie Street was elected president, with the leaders of the other organisations becoming vice presidents. In quick time, the membership of the organisation grew to well over 200. Mary Bennett, Ada Bronham, Dymphna Cusack and Ruby Rich were all members at one time or another.\nThe new association operated under the motto 'For freedom and equality of status and opportunity' and had a wide range of objectives. They aimed to:\n1. Achieve by legislation, administration, organisation or any other means considered advisable, a real equality of status, opportunity and liberties for mean and women.\n2. Secure equal pay for men and women and equality in all laws, rules and regulations.\n3. Secure economic independence for married women.\n4. Improve the legal status of mothers.\n5. Promote an equal moral standard for men and women.\n6. Support the candidature of qualified women for public office, who shall have pledged themselves to support constitutional methods and who shall be endorsed by the Council.\n7. To promote the welfare of children.\n8. To promote the study of social, political and economic questions.\n9. To promote international peace and understanding.\n10. To secure an amendment to the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia to provide that men and women shall have equal rights in Australia and all territories under the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Government.\nThe women of the UA campaigned vigorously to achieve these aims in the 1930s and 40s. The highpoint of this political activism, arguably, was seen when representatives of over ninety women's organisations met in Sydney, Australia, in November 1943, at the Australian Women's Conference for Victory in War and Victory in Peace. Organised at a time when planning for peace was a politically bi-partisan priority, the conference focused on one over-riding question: how would women's interests be advanced in the planning of post war reconstruction? An important outcome of the conference was the development of a charter of rights for women in the post-war world. The Australian Women's Charter, regarded as a land-mark feminist manifesto, was endorsed by the conference and represents a moment in time when Australian women prioritised the single category of gender over other political categories.\nOnce the war was over, however, this fragile unity was shattered as the politics of the cold war came to impact upon the politics of postwar feminism. Many of the more conservative women's groups were confronted by Jessie Streets communist sympathies and chose to break ties with the U.A. For instance, the U.A.'s relationship with the Australian Federation of Women voters was harmed to breaking point by Cold War tensions. Furthermore, as time progressed, some of the U.A.'s causes were taken up my other political groups: the trade union movement, for instance, took up the struggle for equal pay. In the 1960s many of its objectives were met, as married women entered the workforce and some women achieved equal pay. A victim of it's own success, the organization continued to assist with the major campaigns of the 1970s, however, its membership and financial base had by the late 1970s could no longer support it as an independent entity.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-equal-the-history-of-australian-feminism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girdled-for-war-womens-mobilisations-in-world-wat-two\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-street-documents-and-essays\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/50-years-of-feminist-achievement-a-history-of-the-united-associations-of-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/information-from-special-branch-new-south-wales-police-19-march-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jessie-street-to-prime-minister-john-curtin-6-april-1942jessie-streets-complaint-about-staff-of-the-department-of-airs-response-to-a-delegation-originally-filed-by-the-prime-ministers-department\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-association-of-women-records-ca-1930-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1960-1991-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jessie-street-circa-1914-1968-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-m-m-sherrard-papers-ca-1918-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/united-association-of-women-further-records-1930-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/photographs-relating-to-the-united-associations-of-women-including-portrait-of-jessie-street-1936-1949\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Community of the Holy Name", "Entry ID": "AWE1028", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/community-of-the-holy-name\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "The Community of the Holy Name was founded within the Diocese of Melbourne and was the first Anglican Order in Australia. Emma Caroline Silcock ( Sister Esther) established the community, which was one of only four such communities in Australia. The Melbourne Diocese did not recognise it until 1912 when it was given its charter. The Sisters continue to work in parishes, as Chaplains in hospitals and nursing homes, as well as in spiritual direction and leading retreats.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-silence-a-study-of-a-religious-community-for-women-the-community-of-the-holy-name\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silcock-emma-caroline-1858-1931\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sister-esther-an-anglican-saint-reprinted-from-the-melbourne-anglican-september-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/community-of-the-holy-name-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Save Our Sons Movement (South Australian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE1030", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/save-our-sons-movement-south-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Save Our Sons Movement was formed in 1965 to seek the reappeal of the National Service act and disbanded in 1975. In an effort to bring back servicemen stationed in Vietnam, the Save Our Sons movement made public protests against the conduct of the war in Vietnam, aided those who had been jailed after refusing to be conscripted, spoke on behalf of conscientious objectors at rallies, passed out leaflets, attended vigils and supported in court those who were charged with resisting conscription.\nThe Save Our Sons movement was just one of the many groups opposed to Australia's involvement in the Vietnam war. Although there were male members, women held all office-holder positions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/save-our-sons-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE1031", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL.) first formed in Victoria, 1972. Conducted on a voluntary, non-profit basis, the W.E.L is a political pressure group that seeks to remove the economic and social disadvantages of women in Australia, to end discrimination against women and to promote equal opportunity. The W.E.L was constituted with a double purpose - to carry to the elected representatives of the community the views and requirements of female electors and to inform those female electors about their representatives' standard of consciousness of women's issues.\n", "Details": "Since 1972, W.E.L. activities have diversified around the central lobby theme. Sexual harassment, birth control and abortion, child care, parental benefits and child abuse, family law and women in jail, domestic violence, emergency housing, women's health (including mental health), offensive advertising and pornography, education and employment, environmental concerns, the rights of Indigenous women and religion are some of the areas addressed by W.E.L. As well as a large body of members, monthly newsletters and annual National Conferences, many ad hoc action groups were developed including environmental, law, media, health, women in detention, women in education and the dangers of gambling.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-s-a-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-migrant-and-indigenous-women-action-group\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-the-womens-information-switchboard-later-the-womens-information-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Third Women and Labour Conference", "Entry ID": "AWE1032", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/third-women-and-labour-conference\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Conference, Feminist conference", "Summary": "One of a series, the Third Women and Labour Conference intended to encourage research and experience sharing which furthered women's understanding of their participation in the workforce and Australian society. More than 100 sessions were conducted with papers and workshops covering topics such as women and work, technological change and its impact upon women's employment, women and the family, the programs to assist women to take up \"non-traditional\" employment, migrant women, women's studies, feminist theory and practice, lesbianism, women and ageing, women and the media, women and art, work and unions, feminist literary criticisms and the strategies for women in the 80s (discussed by guest speakers Deborah McCulloch and Bettina Cass). The conference aimed to ensure the participation of a wide range of women and to promote contributions on important topics.\n", "Details": "Approximately 1200 women from all states of Australia, New Zealand, and Canada registered. 57 papers were presented and 54 workshops were conducted covering the disciplines of anthropology, politics, philosophy and fine arts with the role of women in education, social work, science and health also being discussed. A two volume collection entitled \"All Her Labours\" (1984, Women and Labour Publications Collective, Hale & Iremonger Pty. Ltd) was compiled from selected papers from those presented at the conference. Proceeds from the books sales and conference profits enabled a trust fund to be established. Grants were available to any woman or group of women who were undertaking a project of benefit to women. Although surplus funds had been available since the first Women and Labour Conference held in Sydney in 1978, it was no longer limited to literary projects. By 1984, funds from the Third Women and Labour Conference had been dispersed among almost 30 successful applicants. Further funds were obtained by the end of 1984 following the publication of two more volumes of conference papers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worth-her-salt-women-at-work-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/all-her-labours-working-it-out\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-touch-of-nostalgia-at-the-women-and-labour-conference\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/warmth-and-unity-with-all-women-historicizing-racism-in-the-australian-womens-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-labour-conference-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Studies Resource Centre", "Entry ID": "AWE1033", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-resource-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation", "Summary": "In 1973, the first national conference on Sexism in Education was convened by the Women's Liberation Movement, fuelled by concern for the position of women and girls in society and Women's Studies courses were established at Flinders and Adelaide Universities. Teachers and Students quickly became aware of a shortage of materials in this area and a group of women educators began meeting in 1974 to redress this. In July 1975 the Women's Studies Resource Centre was established at Wattle Park Teachers College funded by a grant from the Australian National Advisory Committee for International Women's Year. After moving several times the WSRC relocated to its present address in the suburb of North Adelaide.\n", "Details": "The WSRC's primary function is to provide resources that counter sexist assumptions in society while also providing non-sexist women's studies, gender studies and feminist materials.\nThe collection contains over 18000 items including fiction, non-fiction, videos, DVDs, CDs, cassettes, posters, journals and teaching kits. It also holds extensive records concerning many key women's groups and organizations such as the Women's Art Movement, Women's Liberation Movement, Women's Electoral Lobby, Rape Crisis Centre, and the St Peters and Hindmarsh Women's Community Health Centres. There are also a number of items from specific issue groups such as Women Against Nuclear Energy, Association of Country and City Women Writers, Women's Abortion Action Campaign, and Women's Action Against Global Violence. These records take the form of minutes, financial records, submissions, articles, photographs, posters, pamphlets, constitutions, newsletters and more. Many significant activists are also represented such as Anna Yeatman, Anne Summers, and Jill Matthews. These records are mainly housed in filing cabinets and not all have been itemised. Additionally the collection contains many sensitive papers and so access and publishing permission must be sought.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-conference-to-be-national-event\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-workshop-1979-1981-summary-record-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s94-womens-studies-conference-committee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Art Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE1034", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-art-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation", "Summary": "Initiated by women already in the art world, the Women's Art Movement (hereinafter named W.A.M.) was part of an international trend somewhat belated in Australia, which lead women artists to look at their position as women in society and to analyse their position as artists through a feminist frame. The W.A.M offered women artists support within an alternative group structure. The group began with the aim of supporting and promoting women artists, educating members on the problem of discrimination and working with one another to overcome sexism in the arts and society. Fifty women ranging in age from 18 to 65 attended the first meeting. As attendance numbers grew, funding was required. Such monetary resources were obtained from the South Australia Arts Grant Advisory Committee (A.G.A.C), the Community Arts Board (C.A.B), and the Visual Arts Board (V.A.B) for salary and administrative costs, workshops and the publication of the book Women's Art Movement 1978-1979, Adelaide, South Australia, respectively.\n", "Details": "Members produced contemporary and often confronting art pieces that tackled subject matter that is specific to the life experiences of women. Rape, abortion, reproduction and motherhood were some of the themes addressed in a variety of mediums including: hand painting, sculpture, life drawing, lithograph, silk screening, installation art, patchwork and other folk art, film and photography, music, dance, street theatre and poetry. By the mid 1980s, the W.A.M had become a highly respected art movement both nationally and internationally.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/setting-the-pace-the-womens-art-movement-1980-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-art-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women (South Australia) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1035", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-south-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide", "Occupations": "Lobby group, University club\/society, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Australian Federation of Graduate Women (South Australia) Inc. was founded in 1914 as the Women Graduates' Club, a sub-society of the Adelaide University Women Students' Club. Its aims as adopted at the first meeting on 7 July 1914 were \"To provide social intercourse among women graduates\" and \"to deal with questions primarily affecting University graduates\". From 1923 the association became an affiliate of the National Federation of Graduate Women (then known as the National Federation of University Women).\n", "Details": "First established in 1914, in 1923 the Club affiliated with the Australian Federation of University Women (AFUW). The same year the Club affiliated with the Women Students' Union (as the Women Students' Club had become known), assuming independent status rather than that of a sub-society. It disaffiliated with the Women Students' Union in 1929 and became The Adelaide University Women's Graduates' Association. It later affiliated directly with the University Union in 1934. In 1968 the name of the Association was changed to the South Australian University Women Graduates' Association, following the establishment of Flinders University. After the Brisbane Conference of January 1974 all branches of the AFUW altered their constitutions and names in the interest of uniformity and greater unity, and the Association became the AFUW - SA. The Association was incorporated in 1981. In 2009, the name was changed again in line with the National body.\nThe objects of the Association as expressed in the 1929 constitution were \"to promote understanding and friendship between the women graduates of this and other universities and to keep abreast of modern developments in academic subjects of interest to students\". A bursary fund was established in 1929 and donations were made to the Australian Federation for scholarships and bursaries, the funds being derived from subscriptions and from the hiring of hoods and gowns (initiated in 1935). In the 1960s, a formula was established for the apportionment of funds for bursaries, and the Association began a separate fund to finance its own bursaries while still contributing to AFUW. And IFUW fellowships. The Jean Gilmore bursary was established in 1969 (initial value $500, open to all Australian women graduates proceeding to a higher degree) and the Doreen McCarthy and Barbara Case bursaries in 1979. Vocations Conferences for female secondary students were initiated in 1933 and held regularly (with the exception of the war years) until 1973.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/series-1388-australian-federation-of-university-women-south-australian-branch-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/series-1554-australian-federation-of-university-women-publications\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/series-1396-australian-federation-of-university-women-south-australian-branch-minutes\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-signed-by-helen-keller-to-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-and-book-entitled-the-silent-storm-a-story-of-annie-sullivan-and-helen-keller-by-marion-marsh-brown-and-ruth-crone\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women - New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE1036", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Social support organisation, University club\/society", "Summary": "The national body of the Australian Federation of University Women was renamed to the Australian Federation of Graduate Women (AFGW) in December 2009. Presumably, this was when the New South Wales branch also changed its name.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-short-history-of-the-n-s-w-association-of-university-women-graduates\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eleanor-m-hinder-papers-1837-1963-together-with-the-papers-of-a-viola-smith-ca-1850-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kathleen-m-m-sherrard-papers-ca-1918-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s14-australian-federation-of-university-women-afuw\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women (Queensland) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1037", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-queensland-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "University club\/society, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The University of Queensland Women Graduates' Association was established at a meeting in September 1920. It became part of the Australian Federation of University Women following the establishment of that organisation in 1922.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-university-women-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women (Northern Territory) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1038", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-northern-territory-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "University club\/society, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Northern Territory chapter of the Australian Federation of Graduate Women. In accordance with national regulations of the AFGW, the Northern Territory branch was in abeyance from c.2013 due to insufficient membership numbers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women (Australian Capital Territory) Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1039", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-australian-capital-territory-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra", "Occupations": "Lobby group, University club\/society, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Canberra Association of Women Graduates was formed in 1944 with the aim of facilitating 'inter-communication and co-operation between women of universities of all nations' (1944 Constitution). The Association was affiliated with the Australian Federation of University Women and the International Federation of University Women. Membership was comprised of women holding degrees from any university recognised by the Australian Federation of University Women.\nIn 2009, in line with resolutions of the affiliated National body, the organisation changed its name to the Australian Federation of Graduate Women (Australian Capital Territory) Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1920-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-federation-of-university-women-act-1944-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Graduate Women (Tasmania)", "Entry ID": "AWE1040", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-graduate-women-tasmania\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "As of 2010, Tasmanian membership of the Australian Federation of Graduate Women was being managed through the ACT branch.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Liaison Committee of Women's International Organisations - Australia Group", "Entry ID": "AWE1042", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liaison-committee-of-womens-international-organisations-australia-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Australia Group of the Liaison Committee of Women's International Organisations was formed in April 1950 to gain status and representation at United Nations meetings held in Australia and South East Asia. The Australian Group operated for some time to combine national and international functions, but in 1954 it was resolved to limit activities to those of \"a group of organisations\" specially concerned with such subjects as human rights, the status of women, and the nationality of married women.\nThe Australian Group organised Australian participation in various international-agency conferences in the South-East Asian area, notably the United Nations Commissions on the Status of Women, and the United Nations Seminar on Civic Responsibilities and Increased Participation of Asian Women in Public Life (1957).\nIn 1963 the Liaison Committee headquarters group in London voluntarily withdrew from consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and the Australia Group, feeling that the Australian Committee was no longer necessary, ceased to function later in that year.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-liaison-committee-of-womens-international-organisations-australia-group-1947-1963-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zonta Club of Perth", "Entry ID": "AWE1044", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zonta-club-of-perth\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Perth, a women's service club, was founded in 1971. It is part of Zonta International, a world-wide organisation of business and professional women working together to advance the legal, political, economic and professional status of women. Zonta clubs support Zonta International service and award programmes, and also provide support for local community projects by fundraising or active involvement, particularly those dealing with women's issues such as economic self-sufficiency, legal equality, access to education and health, and eradication of violence.\n", "Details": "District 23 of Zonta International was created in 1989, covering Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania, and divided into four areas. The first conference of District 23 was held in Perth in 1991.\nWestern Australia forms Area 3 of District 23 and as of 2004 comprised 6 Zonta clubs: Bunbury Area, Dunsborough Area, Peel Region, Perth, Perth Northern Suburbs Area, and Swan Hills.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-15\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-our-club-the-northern-suburbs-zonta-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/inzert\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1975-2004-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-material-relating-to-the-zonta-club-of-perth\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zonta Club of Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE1045", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zonta-club-of-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Sydney was chartered in 1966. Originally part of District 16, the Zonta Club of Sydney now belongs to District 24.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zonta Club of Adelaide", "Entry ID": "AWE1046", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zonta-club-of-adelaide\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Adelaide was officially chartered on April 17, 1969. Allthea Tebbutt was elected as the first president of the Club, alongside Board Members Irene Jeffries, Dr Catherine Ellis, Geraldine Little, Joyce Cupples, Brenda Coulter and Judith Hay.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-zonta-club-of-adelaide\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of Medical Women", "Entry ID": "AWE1048", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-medical-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Federation of Medical Women (AFMW) is a non-profit, non-government society with member bodies in each state. The Federation was formed in 1927, from existing associations of medical women in Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia, to promote and develop the formal practice of medicine among women. The first medical women's association was formed in Victoria in 1895. Historically it has worked to remove barriers to women's participation in the profession. Currently, the Federation sponsors numerous networking and mentoring programs for women doctors. It has branches in all states and the Australian Capital Territory.\n", "Details": "The Australian Federation of Medical Women is the parent body of medical women's societies in each of the states of Australia and in the Australian Capital Territory. Representatives from the State bodies are elected to sit on the AFMW Executive. In 930 its membership was 170, reaching 502 by 1969.\nAFMW is affiliated with the Medical Women's International Association (MWIA), which formed in 1919 and now is actively involved with the United Nations as a Non-Government Organisation. \nThe aims of AFMW as part of MWIA are as follows:\nTo stimulate, encourage and promote the entry of women into the medical and allied sciences throughout the world and assist its members in optimum utilisation of their medical training.\nTo foster friendship, respect and understanding among medical women throughout the world without regard to race, religion or political views.\nTo afford Medical Women the opportunity to meet at stated times to consider common problems together and gain the co-operation of medical women in matters in international health.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-short-history-of-medical-women-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-to-woman-newsletter-of-australian-federation-of-medical-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-medical-women-deposit\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "South Australian Medical Women's Society", "Entry ID": "AWE1049", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-medical-womens-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hands-of-a-woman-south-australian-medical-womens-society-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-medical-womens-society-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Medical Women's Society of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE1050", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-womens-society-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Membership organisation, Professional Association", "Summary": "The Medical Women's Society of NSW was founded in 1921 to advance the interests of medically qualified women in professional practice. It was active in establishing the Australian Federation of Medical Women and continues to work for medical women in New South Wales.\n", "Details": "After its foundation, the Society's first action was the establishment of a hospital staffed entirely by medical women. The New Hospital for Women and Children was opened on 2 January, 1922, at 11 Lansdowne Street Surry Hills. In 1925 it was moved to George Street, Redfern, and became known as the Rachel Forster Hospital for Women and Children.\nIt also became involved in forming the Australian Federation of Medical Women and became affiliated with the Medical Women's International Association, formed in the USA. in 1919. Currently, it also has representatives on the National Council of Women of New South Wales and on the New South Wales Medical Defence Union.\nHistorically, the Society was involved in achieving significant outcomes for medical women, including, obtaining equal rights on hospital residencies and pay. It has also financially supported medical students and makes recommendations to State Government inquiries on health related matters.\nAs of 2004, the Society was involved in the following activities:\nMentorship program for young medical women.\nJoint seminars with the Women's Lawyer's Association and the Women's Dentist's Association.\nBi-annual weekend seminars for members and their families.\nAwarding an annual prize for the top female medical graduate at each university.\nCoordinating two general meetings each year with guest speaker(s).\nResponding to enquiries from overseas medical women graduates.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/medical-womens-society-of-new-south-wales-records-1970-2003\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Jewish Women of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE1052", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Philanthropic organisation, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Council of Jewish Women was founded in Sydney in 1923, due largely to the efforts of Dr Fanny Reading. Its initial purpose was to gather Jewish women together to undertake religious and community service, in addition to educational and philanthropic work. Membership of the Council also included membership of the Australian Zionist Organisation. Its first activities revolved around community service to alleviate poverty and unemployment. By the end of its first year the Council had 377 members, and was growing steadily across the country. The first National Conference of the Council was held in Sydney in May 1929, when its present name was adopted: The National Council of Jewish Women of Australia. The Council continues today as a non-profit, voluntary organisation acting for the advancement of Jewish women, and for social justice generally.\n", "Details": "The National Council of Jewish Women of Australia affiliated with the International Council of Jewish Women in 1925, and commenced its national quarterly journal, the Council Bulletin, in 1926. Interstate Sections of the Council were formed in Brisbane and Victoria in 1927. Later that year, Council Sections formed in South Australia, Western Australia, Kalgoorlie, Newcastle, Ballarat, and Geelong. A Hobart Section was formed in 1932, but his has had a fluctuating existence. From 1929, Council Juniors and Council Younger Sets were established to encourage girls and young women to join the organisation.\nIn its long history the organisation has been concerned with an enormous array of issues, as well as charitable, educational and social activities. It has particularly been involved in fundraising to support Jewish causes (especially Zionist organisations) and provide services to the Jewish community (and sometimes the broader community as well). Since its inception, the Council has also shown an interest in issues relating to women and children generally. From the 1930s, many sections took a particular interest in assisting new Jewish migrants, often meeting them at the ports when they arrived. The Council has also encouraged Jewish women to take up leadership roles, although largely though voluntary activities. This has become a major focus since the 1970s.\nIn June 2005 a new affiliate was launched. The Australian Jewish Women in the Arts is a database of women with careers or serious involvement in Music, Literature, Visual or Performing Arts. Its Patron is Mrs Jeanne Pratt AC, a well known supporter of the Jewish community and of the arts in Australia. This group is established with the aims of sharing of ideas, collaborative projects and mentoring of emerging talent.\nAs of 2005, the Council continues to function as a non-profit, voluntary organisation for Jewish women, which presents their views, needs, interests and concerns to Federal and State governments, politicians, media, other organisations and communal sectors. The Council website described its aims and activities thus:\n'The purpose of NCJW of Australia is, in the spirit of Judaism, to promote social justice, welfare and the advancement of women in Jewish and general communities locally, nationally, and internationally.\nThese aims are implemented through social activism, education, community services, promotion of multicultural tolerance and harmony.\nThe NCJW agenda includes areas of environment and health, the family, education and youth, the elderly and migrants.\nWomen's issues are prominent in NCJW's platform: the empowerment and education of women as leaders and community members, the advancement of women as individuals and activities on behalf of disadvantaged women.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-report-of-the-second-jewish-womens-conference-of-australasia-under-the-auspices-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia-held-at-sydney-n-s-w-march-8th-to-16th-1932\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-jewish-womens-conference-may-21st-to-27th-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-council-bulletin-national-council-of-jewish-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/meeting-new-migrants-on-the-wharves-a-significant-part-of-national-council-of-jewish-women-history-from-the-1920s-to-the-1950s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perspectives-from-the-australian-jewish-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-germany-and-austria-to-australia-experiences-of-jewish-women-refugees-in-the-1930s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-law-of-loving-kindness-a-tribute-to-dr-fanny-reading-founder-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia-in-1923\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-fanny-reading\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-changing-role-of-women-in-australian-jewrys-communal-structure\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-merely-housewives-australian-jewish-women-paper-presented-to-australian-jewish-historical-society-meeting-1980-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/service-to-women-dr-fannys-lifestyle\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-jewish-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-fanny-reading-papers-photographs-and-realia-ca-1890-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queenie-symonds-interviewed-by-brenda-factor-in-the-nsw-bicentennial-oral-history-collection-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The National Council of Jewish Women, South Australia Section", "Entry ID": "AWE1053", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-national-council-of-jewish-women-south-australia-section\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Philanthropic organisation, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Jewish Women, South Australia Section was founded in 1929 due to the efforts of a group of South Australian women who had attended the first national conference of the Council of Jewish Women in Sydney in May of that year. They persuaded Fanny Reading, founder of the Council, to visit Adelaide in September to assist with this aim. Reading met with Mrs Isabella Solomons, wife of the Adelaide Hebrew Congregation President and herself president of the South Australian Women's Zionist Society and who had formed the Adelaide Ladies Jewish National Fund in 1928. Solomons became the first president of the newly formed Section, remaining in this position until 1946.\nFrom its earliest days, the Council in South Australia was concerned with both Zionist and community work. It raised funds for various Jewish causes and charities (both Jewish and some non-Jewish), as well as holding social events. After WWII, they sought to assist Jewish migrants arriving in South Australia and from the 1950s initiated various services for the aged such as meals on wheels.\nA relatively small organisation, membership of the group has never exceeded 60.\nThe Council continues today as a non-profit, voluntary, organisation for Jewish women, acting for their advancement and for social justice generally.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-council-bulletin-national-council-of-jewish-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Jewish Women, Western Australia Section", "Entry ID": "AWE1054", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-jewish-women-western-australia-section\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Philanthropic organisation, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Jewish Women, Western Australia Section was founded in 1929, largely as the result of a visit of by Fanny Reading to Perth expressly for the purpose of amalgamating the existing Western Australia League of Jewish Women with the National Council. While this aim was not achieved, Fanny Beckler became the founding president of the Western Australia Section of the Council (the League continued for several years before disbanding). A Council Juniors was also formed. In its early days the Western Australia Section devoted itself to assisting Jewish migrants and then to war work. In the years after WWII, the Council organised more social events, undertook more fund raising and offered services for the elderly. The Council continues today as a non-profit, voluntary, organisation for Jewish women, acting for their advancement and for social justice generally.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-council-bulletin-national-council-of-jewish-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/50-years-of-community-service-1929-1979-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia-west-australian-section\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-material-relating-to-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia-w-a-section\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Jewish Women, Brisbane Section", "Entry ID": "AWE1055", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-jewish-women-brisbane-section\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Philanthropic organisation, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Jewish Women, Brisbane Section was formed in 1927 with Mrs E Isaacs as its founding president. Among the Section's earliest activities were the formation of a Literary and Discussion Circle, and committees for Sewing, Hospital work, Catering, Entertainment, Immigrant Welfare, a Jewish Bush Book Club and a Girls Committee. As this indicates the Section encompassed a broad range of social, educational and welfare interests. They engaged in numerous fund raising endeavours, and concentrated on local philanthropic projects for both the Jewish and non-Jewish community. After the establishment of Israel, they also devoted their efforts towards support for the new Jewish State.\nThe Council continues today as a non-profit, voluntary, organisation for Jewish women, acting for their advancement and for social justice generally.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-jewish-womens-conference-may-21st-to-27th-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-council-bulletin-national-council-of-jewish-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Jewish Women, New South Wales Section", "Entry ID": "AWE1056", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-jewish-women-new-south-wales-section\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Philanthropic organisation, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The National Council of Jewish Women, New South Wales Division was established in 1923. Originally called the Council of Jewish Women, in 1927 a national body (The National Council of Jewish Women of Australia) was formed and a separate New South Division of this organisation established.\nFanny Reading, the first president, immediately set about implementing service programs for the local Jewish community. An immigrant welfare committee was established, which was the first to provide any assistance for Jewish immigration in Sydney. Funds were raised for the relief of Polish Jewry. Other work included teaching Sunday Schools, visiting people in hospital, and assisting with other fundraising projects, both Jewish and non-Jewish, as well as social events particularly for Juniors. The Council in Sydney was particularly involved in supporting the Zionist cause and then with support for Israel. By the 1960s, it had several groups operating across Sydney and one in Newcastle.\nOver its long history, the Council has been involved in an enormous array of issues, as well as charitable, educational and social activities. The Council continues today as a non-profit, voluntary, organisation for Jewish women, acting for their advancement and for social justice generally.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-jewish-womens-conference-may-21st-to-27th-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-council-bulletin-national-council-of-jewish-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/perspectives-from-the-australian-jewish-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queenie-symonds-interviewed-by-brenda-factor-in-the-nsw-bicentennial-oral-history-collection-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Council of Jewish Women, Victoria Section", "Entry ID": "AWE1057", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-jewish-women-victoria-section\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Philanthropic organisation, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "Established in 1927 by Dr Fanny Reading MBE, the National Council of Jewish Women of Australia (Vic) provides community support to vulnerable people, promotes a harmonious multicultural society, works to advance the status of women and supports projects in Israel. Inspired by Jewish values, the NCJWA (Vic) aims to create a better world for women.\nPrograms the NCJWA (Vic) runs include:\n\nCaring Mums, a home-based, non-denominational free service that provides emotional support to mums of newborn babies and women during pregnancy.\nEmpowering Single Jewish Women and Effective Relationship Programs, which aim to support single women to manage the emotional upheaval post separation and promote the development of positive relationship skills.\nSupport for the elderly programs.\nSupport for Women from the former Soviet Union.\nInterfaith Activities.\nStatus of Women activities, which involves a commitment to promoting human rights through equality, access and equity for women and girls within the Jewish and broader communities.\nSupport for Israel fundraising activities.\nOpportunity Shop activities.\n\n", "Details": "The Melbourne Council of Jewish Women (from 1929 the National Council of Jewish Women, Victoria Section) was established in 1927 at a meeting held at the home Fanny Reading's parents (Reading had established the first Council of Jewish Women in New South Wales in 1923). Within a week the Council boasted 80 members. The founding president was Marie Patkin.\nA Junior Section of the Council was established in 1929, which held numerous social events (after WWII this re-established as the Social Set and later Alma). From the outset, the Council raised money for numerous local and international Jewish causes and relief efforts, and concerned itself with migrant welfare work. Since the establishment of Israel, the Council has supported numerous programs for the new Jewish State.\nDuring WWII, they contributed to the broader Australian war effort in a similar fashion to most women's organisations of this time. In the years after the war, much of the Council's effort was direct towards assisting with the settlement of new migrants. There were also numerous fund raising activities and other social services such as Meals on Wheels, and support for those with disabilities. From the 1970s, issues relating to the status of women generally have also been a focus.\nOver its long history, the Council has been involved in an enormous array of issues, as well as charitable, educational and social activities. The Council continues today as a non-profit, voluntary, organisation for Jewish women, acting for their advancement and for social justice generally.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-jewish-womens-conference-may-21st-to-27th-1929\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-council-bulletin-national-council-of-jewish-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-a-difference-a-history-of-the-national-council-of-jewish-women-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/forever-eve-an-anthology-celebrating-ncjwv-75th-anniversary-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "BPW Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE1058", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Professional Association, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Business and Professional Women's Club of Melbourne was founded in 1925 - the first such Club in Australia. Miss Nellie C Martyn, Managing Director of the Steel Company of Australia (later to become BHP Billiton) was elected Inaugural President. Membership was open to women holding a responsible position in professional, business, industrial or educational organisation, and to women giving distinguished service to the community. The initial purpose of the Club was to 'give business and professional women the opportunity to meet in a friendly way and discuss questions of general interest to the community. Its more specific aims were soon defined as:\na) to develop a wider acquaintance between members of the community and to facilitate the exchange of ideas\nb) to secure the recognition of the value to the community of women's work and service\nc) to obtain the active interest of women in the civic, social, political and moral welfare of the community.\nIt was explicitly founded to provide a space for (largely elite) women's networking, and to work for their professional interests.\nSubsequently it devoted itself more specifically to issues relating to the status of women, particularly in employment.\nThe Club continues to work to elevate the status of women generally, remove discrimination and to present the views of business and professional women to government. It still also operates to provide a space for women's networking.\n", "Details": "In April 1925, fifty leading business and professional women held a\nmeeting in the Young Women's Christian Association in Russell Street Melbourne. Margaret Cuthebertson, (Welfare Officer at Myers) chaired the meeting, while Alice Henry addressed the group on the importance of women's organisations. The result was the establishment of the first Australian BPW Club on 15 July 1925. Nellie Martyn (managing director of the Steel Company of Australia (now BHP Billiton)) was elected as founding president.\nThe group established its first Club House in 1929. This served meals and formal lunches and dinners were held with lectures and discussions. Other social and fundraising events were also organised. When the International Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs was formed in 1930 the Melbourne Club immediately affiliated with it. The Melbourne Club was also instrumental in establishing the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs in 1947. By this stage membership of the Club was 225.\nOver its history, the Club has been involved with the Good Neighbourhood Council, UNICEF, the Traveller's Aid Society and the United Nations Association of Australia Status of Women Committee.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-25-years-b-p-w-australia-the-history-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs-victorian-division-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-clubs-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-bpw-victorian-division-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-vision-to-reality-histories-of-the-affiliates-of-the-national-council-of-women-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-victorian-division-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-deposit\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "BPW Sydney Club", "Entry ID": "AWE1059", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-sydney-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Professional Association, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Business and Professional Women's Club of Sydney (later BPW Sydney Club) was founded in 1939 with Dr Constance D'Arcy as its first president. Its general aims were to promote the interests of business and professional women; to alert them to their responsibilities in their own country and in world affairs; and to raise or maintain standards of education for women.\nLike other such clubs, it was explicitly founded to provide a space for (largely elite) women's networking, and to work for their professional interests. It has also worked for equal pay and employment opportunities for women. The club continues to work to elevate the status of women generally, remove discrimination and to present the views of business and professional women to government. It still also operates to provide a space for women's networking.\n", "Details": "At its foundation, the Club had 102 members, and, while early activities were devoted to war work, particularly fundraising, meetings were still held regularly. The issue of equal pay was a key concern in the postwar years, and the Club also made representations to government concerning sex discrimination the appointment of women to public boards and other bodies. It also formed an Advisory panel to give advice careers advice to girls and encouraged women to nominate for public office. They also established a scholarship fund for 'Aboriginal girls'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-25-years-b-p-w-australia-the-history-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-clubs-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-nsw-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jean-fleming-arnot-personal-and-professional-papers-1890-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-victorian-division-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/business-and-professional-womens-club-of-sydney-records-1939-1977\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "BPW Perth Club", "Entry ID": "AWE1060", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-perth-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Professional Association, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Business and Professional Women's Club of Perth (later BPW Perth Club) was founded in 1946, largely due to the efforts of Clara Behrend (an advertising executive) who had been a member of the Club in Melbourne. She organised a meeting at which some 30 women joined the new Club and the lawyer Margaret Battye was elected president. Membership grew rapidly, reaching 148 by 1958, but was only open to women who earned a salary or were self employed. Early members included teachers, nurses and hairdressers as well as business managers and other professionals.\nIts activities were initially mainly social, but in the 1950s the Club took part in campaigns for equal pay, and also took an interest in broader social issues such as gambling, facilities for disabled children and new migrants, as well as fund raising for various causes. They became increasingly focussed on improving women's working conditions and increasing their career prospects. It has campaigned on inequalities in superannuation and for affirmative action. It has investigated facilities for women returning to work and encouraged girls to take up non-traditional employment. Like other such clubs, it was explicitly founded to provide a space for women's networking, and to work for their professional interests.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-25-years-b-p-w-australia-the-history-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-clubs-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/b-p-w-news\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-business-and-professional-womens-club-of-perth-perth-the-first-half-century-1946-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/our-story-b-p-w-bunbury-30th-1969-1999\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bunbury-b-p-w-bulletin\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-1966-1988-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minute-books-1946-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1882-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-deposit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-women-victorian-division-deposit\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "BPW Newcastle Club", "Entry ID": "AWE1061", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-newcastle-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Professional Association, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Business Girls and Professional Women's Club of Newcastle (later the Business and Professional Women's Club of Newcastle, and then BPW Newcastle Club) was formed in 1931 with the stated aims of assisting the Young Women's Christian Association and the community, and of stimulating thinking and increasing knowledge of current affairs. Its foundation president was Marjorie Mulvey, Initially its focussed on social activities and on social service - operating a Free Children's Library and providing scholarships for under-privileged girls. Subsequently it devoted itself more specifically to issues relating to the status of women, particularly in employment. Like other such clubs, it was explicitly founded to provide a space for women's networking, and to work for their professional interests.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-first-25-years-b-p-w-australia-the-history-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-clubs-of-the-australian-federation-of-business-and-professional-womens-clubs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-business-and-professional-womens-club-of-newcastle-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eleanor-m-hinder-papers-1837-1963-together-with-the-papers-of-a-viola-smith-ca-1850-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Italian-Australian Women's Association", "Entry ID": "AWE1062", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-italian-australian-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The National Italian-Australian Women's Association, established in 1985 by the founding president, Franca Arena, aims to recognise and promote the contribution of Italo-Australian women to Australian society. It has organised two international conferences in Sydney in 1985 and 1988, and published Forza e Coraggio\/Give me strength (1989), a selection of Italian migrant women's experiences.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/protagoniste-non-spettatrici-cinderellas-no-more-ten-years-of-the-national-italian-australian-womens-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/health-education-needs-of-nesb-italian-women-survey-report\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-tradition-and-transition-1988-conference-proceedings-and-survey-report-on-the-health-education-needs-of-italian-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bollettino-national-italian-australian-womens-association-w-a-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/donne-tradizione-e-transizione-proceedings-of-the-second-conference-of-the-italo-australian-womens-association-of-w-a-organised-by-the-italo-australian-womens-association-of-w-a-venue-fremant\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-italian-australian-womens-association-new-south-wales-branch-records-1980-1990\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-italian-australian-womens-association-new-south-wales-branch-further-records-1988-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-italian-australian-womens-association-new-south-wales-branch-further-records-1989-1993\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers (Australia)", "Entry ID": "AWE1073", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Society of Women Writers (Australia), was formed in 1980 with the five existing state Societies (in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Tasmania) becoming branches of this new national organisation. The Society's main aim was to draw together women writers (including poets, journalists, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers) to support each other in their writing endeavours. It is also aimed to maintain the status of the writing profession, promote a knowledge of literature, and strengthen ties between Australian and visiting writers.\nAustralia's first Society of Women Writers had been founded in New South Wales in 1925. During the 1960's and 1970's branches were established in all Australian states. The new national body was intended to coordinate activities across the country. It organised numerous seminars, conferences and writing competitions. In 2000 the Society was disbanded, and its branches reformed as independent, incorporated societies (the New South Wales branch having already done this in 1987).\n", "Details": "During its existence, each state for two years in turn had the responsibility of managing federal business. By 1999, it became clear that volunteers were no longer available to carry out this considerable task. It was agreed that the federal body be wound up, and that each branch would become an independent incorporated association, with similar aims and rules. \nAn enormous number of books have been published under the auspices of the Society and its state bodies. Only a few of these have been listed in this database.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-writer-society-of-women-writers-aust\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-the-society-of-women-writers-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-presidents-report-society-of-women-writers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-the-biennial-conference-of-the-society-of-women-writers-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-society-of-women-writers-australia-1925-1998-bulk-1970-1998-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-joy-lindum-gillan-1977-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joy-lindrum-gillan-papers-1976-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joy-lindrum-gillan-sound-recordings-1984\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers New South Wales Inc", "Entry ID": "AWE1074", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-new-south-wales-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Society of Women Writers New South Wales Inc., established in 1925 and incorporated in 1987, is the longest-standing literary society in Australia. Dame Mary Jean Gilmore, writer, teacher and pioneer of many causes, is credited with initiating the Society (she was a member of its first executive committee).\nThe Society's main aim was to draw together women writers (including poets, journalists, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers) to support each other in their writing endeavours. It is also aimed to maintain the status of the writing profession, promote a knowledge of literature, and strengthen ties between Australian and visiting writers.\n", "Details": "In 1970 the Society changed its name to The Society of Women Writers (Australia), and subsequently formed branches in other Australian states. But this became problematic when a new federal body of the same name was created in 1980. After some disputes, the New South Wales arm of the Society changed its name again to The Society of Women Writers New South Wales, incorporating as a separate entity in 1987 it effectively seceding from the federal body.\nAs of 2004, the Society's website describes its aims as 'to enable women writers in all genres to meet and network, and to benefit from regular seminars and workshops \u2026 [and] to encourage aspiring writers to achieve professional status.' In addition to monthly workshops and luncheon meetings, the Society continues to administer a number of Awards and Competitions, and issues a bi-monthly Newsletter to its members.\nThe Society conducts an annual competitions for poetry, short stories, non-fiction as well as fiction and children's books.\nAn enormous number of books have been published under the auspices of the Society. Only a few of these have been listed in this database.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woman-writer-society-of-women-writers-aust\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-the-society-of-women-writers-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-presidents-report-society-of-women-writers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sixty-years-on-diamond-jubilee-anthology\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-newsletter-of-the-society-of-women-writers-n-s-w-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/so-you-want-to-be-a-writer-a-beginners-guide\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ink\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ink-no-2-50th-anniversary-edition\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-society-of-women-writers-australia-1925-1998-bulk-1970-1998-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1968-1969-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-joy-lindum-gillan-1977-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joy-lindrum-gillan-papers-1976-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jane-hunt-thesis-cultivating-the-arts-sydney-women-culturists-1900-1950-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/enid-conley-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-guy-interviewed-by-hazel-de-berg-in-the-hazel-de-berg-collection-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-australia-new-south-wales-branch-records-1974-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/70th-anniversary-of-the-society-of-women-writers-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-australia-new-south-wales-branch-further-records-1987-1994\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-womens-writers-australia-new-south-wales-branch-further-records-ca-1900s-1974-1990\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers Victoria Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1075", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-victoria-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Society of Women Writers Victoria Inc. was formed in 1970 with the aim of drawing together women engaged in writing. By 1971 the society claimed 35 members and in 1973 it began producing its own newsletter. By 1974 membership increased to over 80. Initially affiliated with the existing Society of Women Writers in New South Wales, in 1980 a federal body, The Society of Women Writers (Australia), was formed with the state societies becoming branches. In 2000 the federal body was disbanded and the state societies became independent incorporated bodies.\nAs of 2004 the Society's website described its aims and activities thus:\n'The main aim of SWWV is to draw together women engaged in the writing profession and to strengthen ties between women writers in Australia and overseas. SWWV seeks to do this by the regular conduct of: workshops, poetry and prose readings, seminars, conferences, book launches and literary competitions.' It also runs postal workshops.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/write-away-the-society-of-women-writers-victoria-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/equal-to-the-occasion-a-scrapbook-of-vignettes-illustrating-the-life-style-of-women-in-victoria-over-the-last-150-years-collected-by-the-society-of-women-writers-aust-victorian-branch-to-celebr\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-the-society-of-women-writers-australia-victorian-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers Tasmania Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1076", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-tasmania-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Society of Women Writers Tasmania Inc. began in the late 1980s as a Magazine Branch of the Society of Women Writers (Australia), although a small group had been operating prior to this, possibly since the 1960s. It became an independent incorporated body when the national society was disbanded in 2000.\nAs of 2004, the Society's website described itself as 'an organisation oriented towards the art of writing in all its forms' which aimed 'not only help and support [women] in our writing endeavours but to reach as professional a standard as possible.' They produce five Postal Magazines - Appleseed, Coffee Break, Overflow, Ripples, and Chrysalis.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/styl-us\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-society-of-women-writers-australia-1925-1998-bulk-1970-1998-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers South Australia Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1077", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-south-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "In the early 1970s Elizabeth Furner founded the Brighton Writers' Workshop from which the Society of Women Writers (Australia), South Australian Branch was formed in 1976. It promotes interest and skills in writing for women by regular meetings and workshops. It became an independent incorporated body, the Society of Women Writers South Australia Inc., when the national society was disbanded in 2000. The Society's main aim is to draw together women writers to support each other in their writing endeavours, and various seminars, workshops and other activities are organised towards this end.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-17\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-elizabeth-furner-sound-recording-interviewer-june-donovan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-s-a-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-society-of-women-writers-australia-1925-1998-bulk-1970-1998-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers Western Australia Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1078", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-western-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Society of Women Writers Western Australia Inc. began in 1977 with five members as a Magazine Branch of the Society of Women Writers (Australia). In 1981, with a membership of approximately fifty, it became a full Branch, and it 2000 it became a\nan independent incorporated body when the national society was disbanded. The Society's main aim is to draw together women writers to support each other in their writing endeavours, and various seminars, workshops and other activities are organised towards this end.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-print-official-newsletter-of-the-society-of-the-women-writers-w-a-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-western-australian-women-writers-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-print-official-newsletter-of-the-society-of-the-women-writers-w-a-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1977-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-society-of-women-writers-australia-1925-1998-bulk-1970-1998-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women Pilots' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE1092", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-pilots-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The inaugural meeting of the Australian Women Pilots' Association (AWPA), was held at the Royal Aero Club of New South Wales at Bankstown on 16 September 1950. Thirty-five women became charter members. Nancy Bird Walton, the catalyst for the formation of the Association was elected founding president, with Maie Casey wife of the Governor-General at the time, R. G. Casey, its patron. The aims of the Association include encouraging women to gain flying licenses of all types, maintaining pilot networks in state and local areas where women in aviation can meet and exchange information, promoting training, employment and careers in aviation and assisting in the future of aviation through public interest, safety and education. Full membership is open to any female pilot who holds or has held a pilot's licence.\n", "Details": "The precursor to the formation of the Australian Women Pilots' Association was the meeting of women pilots which Nancy Bird Walton had called in 1949 to discuss their work during World War II. As a result of this discussion the women pilots developed an interest in each other, which in turn led to the formation of the Association the following year. Maie Casey's patronage assisted the Association in its attempts to gain widespread recognition and respect. In the view of Nancy Bird Walton the AWPA initiated the return of many old hands into flying as they wanted to regain their licences after many years on the ground.\nThe AWPA operates with a national executive and state branches. Association members meet annually for a four day conference and annual general meeting, which is held in a different state each year.\nNancy Bird Walton became patron after Maie Casey's death in 1981.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/my-god-its-a-woman-the-autobiography-of-nancy-bird\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/airnews-australian-women-pilots-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-australian-women-pilots-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/careers-for-pilots\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-treasurers-report-australian-women-pilots-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/membership-list-australian-women-pilots-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-the-annual-general-meeting-of-the-australian-women-pilots-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-pilots-association-twenty-one-years-of-history-from-16th-september-1950-researched-and-compiled-by-marie-richardson\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-pilots\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-nancy-bird-walton-1933-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-lady-helen-blackburn-1944-1990-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-women-pilots-association-circa-1950-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sometimes-the-pilot-wears-a-skirt-1920-1970-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-pilots-association-scrapbooks-1926-1980\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Abortion Action Campaign, Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE1097", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-abortion-action-campaign-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Abortion Action Campaign was established in Sydney in 1972 as one element of the Women's Liberation Movement. Its main focus was to mobilize support for the repeal of abortion laws, which involved primarily public meetings, demonstrations and conferences. It also lobbied members of parliament before elections and disseminated information about the legal status and availability of abortion.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/right-to-choose-a-womens-health-action-magazine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abortion-is-a-womans-right-to-choose\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abortion-a-womans-right-to-choose-compiled-by-aus-womens-department-womens-abortion-action-campaign-sydney-womens-abortion-action-coalition-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/who-decides-perspectives-on-the-abortion-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminist-organisations-1970-1985-a-research-guide-from-feminist-publications\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-abortion-action-campaign-records-1970-1998\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julia-trubridge-freebury-further-papers-1960s-2004\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers (Australia), Canberra Magazine Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE1102", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-australia-canberra-magazine-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "The Society of Women Writers (Australia), Canberra Magazine Branch existed for four years, 1984-87. Upon the demise of the Branch, members joined the Fellowship of Australian Writers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-society-of-women-writers-australia-a-c-t-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-canberra-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-australia-canberra-magazine-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1984-1987-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of Women Writers, Queensland Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1104", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-women-writers-queensland-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ring-of-bright-water-society-of-women-writers-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queensland-collection-society-of-women-writers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/stories-and-poems-by-members-of-the-queensland-branch-of-the-society-of-women-writers-aust\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queensland-collection-10th-anniversary-society-of-women-writers\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893, New South Wales Commission, Women's Work Department", "Entry ID": "AWE1106", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worlds-columbian-exposition-chicago-1893-new-south-wales-commission-womens-work-department\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893, New South Wales Commission, Women's Work Department was established to organise exhibits of women's work from New South Wales to be sent to the Columbian Exposition.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/worlds-columbian-exposition-chicago-1893-new-south-wales-commission-womens-work-department-committee-xii-reports-15-december-1891-3-february-1893\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Voluntary National Register, New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE1107", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-voluntary-national-register-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Voluntary National Register was set up under the Commonwealth Minister for Defence to encourage women to register their capacities for the particular service they wished to give in doing war work\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-voluntary-national-register-new-south-wales-council-minute-book-1939-1940\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The ANZAC Fellowship of Women", "Entry ID": "AWE1108", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anzac-fellowship-of-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The ANZAC Fellowship of Women was founded in 1921 by Dr Mary Booth, with the object of fostering the commemorative character of ANZAC day as an inspiration to future generations. Booth remained president of the group until 1956. In 1930 a London branch was also established. From 1931-41, and again from 1950, the ANZAC Festival Committee was established to emphasise the value of the Arts in helping to foster the ANZAC tradition. The group also established the Empire Service Club for Boy Settlers in 1923, which organised welcome parties for 'Dreadnought' boys and represented the first welfare work instituted for them.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-booth-papers-1899-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-booth-ca-1918-1979-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/series-01-mary-booth-papers-1905-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-h-p-philpot-and-g-w-philpot-1912-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/historical-notes-1914-1970-compiled-by-mrs-margaret-kentley-in-1979\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Abortion Action Coalition, Melbourne Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE1109", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-abortion-action-coalition-melbourne-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Abortion Action Coalition Melbourne, established in 1972, was associated with the Women's Abortion Action Campaign Sydney. Using methods similar to those of the Sydney organisation, it held public meetings, demonstrations, conferences and lobbied members of parliament to campaign for support for repeal of the abortion laws in Victoria. The Women's Abortion Action Coalition attracted the participation of the Socialist Workers' Party (SWP) women and reached the stage where between 1974 and 1976 almost all the members comprised SWP members. After a socialist feminist day held in early 1978, a new WAAC group emerged in Melbourne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abortion-a-womans-right-to-choose-compiled-by-aus-womens-department-womens-abortion-action-campaign-sydney-womens-abortion-action-coalition-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/who-decides-perspectives-on-the-abortion-campaign\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminist-organisations-1970-1985-a-research-guide-from-feminist-publications\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Girls' Secondary Schools' Club, Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE1110", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-secondary-schools-club-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Membership organisation", "Summary": "The Girls' Secondary Schools' Club was formed in Sydney in 1927, registered under that name in 1928 and incorporated as a limited liability company. It provided a meeting place in the city for members of the ex-student unions of, initially, ten independent girls' schools. Membership rose from 400 in 1928 to 1800 after World War II. The club rooms were initially located in Castlereagh Street until 1930, when the Club relocated to the Gowings building in Market Street, Sydney, where it remained until its closure, due to falling membership and increased costs, in 1994.\n", "Details": "The Club operated a number of circles such as the Dramatic Circle, the Art Circle, the Debating Circle, the Literary Circle, the Music Circle, and during World War II, the War Work Circle. The Social Committee arranged functions and outings for members. In 1977 the Club published Edith Gent's history of the Club entitled 'Fifty years in retrospect: a history of the Girls' Secondary Schools' Club Sydney 1927-1977\u2032.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/girls-secondary-schools-club-sydney-records-1927-1994\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Woman's Christian Temperance Union of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE1111", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Women's suffrage organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was founded in 1882, at a meeting hosted by Mr Eli Johnson, a visiting American temperance lecturer. From 1884, other local Unions were started in suburbs of Sydney as well as in country areas of New South Wales. In 1890, a Colonial Union, to be known as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of New South Wales, was formed to embrace the whole colony. The local Union, however, was to remain as the important unit of power.\nThe Union is primarily dedicated to promoting total abstinence from alcohol and other harmful drugs and all members sign a pledge to this effect. However, under its broader agenda of 'home protection' and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and in its belief that the dangers of alcohol could not be tackled in isolation, the group has pursued a very wide-ranging reform agenda mostly relating to the welfare of women and children. Importantly, influenced by its sister organisation in the United States, the Union became a major supporter of the campaign for women's suffrage in Australia as it was believed that power at the ballot box was the only way to achieve their goals. While at its most influential in the years up to WWI, the movement continues today.\n", "Details": "Among the first activities of the Sydney Union was to organise petitions against the new Licensing Bill then before the Colonial Parliament. They also protested against the employment of women as barmaids in hotels.\nFrom its inception, in addition to prohibition, the Union advocated 'an equal moral standard for men and women', and soon other women's issues were included in its agenda, and it advocated women's suffrage from at least 1890.\nIn 1965 the WCTU of the Australian Capital Territory was incorporated into the New South Wales Union.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alcohol-and-efficiency\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-new-south-wales-1882-1976\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/golden-records-pathfinders-of-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-n-s-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flower-missions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-book-annual-general-meeting-state-convention-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-nsw-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womans-christian-temperance-union-of-new-south-wales-records-1882-1978\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE1112", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Religious organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The first local Union in Queensland was formed in Brisbane in September 1885, inspired by the visit of Mary Leavitt, the world missionary of the American Union. Mrs W. Steele was elected first president. The following year The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Queensland was formed at the first Colonial convention. The Union is primarily dedicated to promoting total abstinence from alcohol and other harmful drugs and all members sign a pledge to this effect. However, under its broader agenda of 'home protection' and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and in its belief that the dangers of alcohol could not be tackled in isolation, the group has pursued a very wide-ranging reform agenda mostly relating to the welfare of women and children. Importantly, influenced by its sister organisation in the United States, the Union became a major supporter of the campaign for women's suffrage in Australia as it was believed that power at the ballot box was the only way to achieve their goals. At its first meeting in 1886 various Departments of work were formed around Scientific Instruction, Sabbath Schools, Literature Distribution, Hygiene and Press. By 1890 the group had joined the campaign for women's suffrage and a Suffrage Department was formed. While at its most influential in the years up to WWI, the movement continues today.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-annual-convention-of-the-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-queensland-publication-details-the-union-general-note-description-based-on-8th-1893-subject-corporate-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-god-home-and-humanity-national-womans-christian-temperance-union-of-australia-centenary-history-1891-1991\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "West Australian Housewives' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE1113", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-housewives-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The West Australian Housewives' Association was formed in 1920 for the purpose of protecting the interests of housewives. The final meeting of the Executive was held 3 April, 1984.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-housewives-association-inc-non-party-non-sectarian\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1929-1984-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1876-1985-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "New Housewives' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE1114", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-housewives-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The New Housewives' Association (NHA) was formed in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1946. A number of suburban branches, including Chatswood, were established. The NHA's Central Committee adopted the Australian Women's Charter seeking equal status for women, launched at the Australian Women's Conference for Victory in War and Victory in Peace, 1943. The NHA's progressive platform attracted Communist women to this working-class body. It campaigned for the reduction and strict control of prices, mainly of household commodities; equal pay for women and increased Child Endowment; and the establishment of municipal markets in order to bring cheaper goods to housewives. In 1949 the NHA supported trade-union demand for a 30 shilling increase in the Basic Wage. It published a journal, The New Housewife, and a magazine, The Housewives' Guide. In 1950 the NHA National Committee moved to change the Association's name to reflect a broader constituency beyond women in the home; this gave rise to a new organisation, the Union of Australian Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-housewives-association-chatswood-branch-records-1947-1950-with-the-associated-records-of-the-chatswood-willoughby-prices-committee-1948-1949\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queen Victoria Club", "Entry ID": "AWE1116", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Queen Victoria Club was established in 1901 as the Women's Liberal League of New South Wales. In 1907 it changed its name to the Queen Victoria Club. It aimed to foster friendship between women, assist musical artists and promote the love of good music. As a way of achieving its aims, the Club held monthly 'musicales' under the patronage of the Governor's wife and established two scholarships at the Sydney Eisteddfod, one for piano and the other for violin. It sponsored also, scholarships for violin and cello at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. From 1970 until 1994 the Club met in the rooms of the Girls Secondary Schools' Club in the Gowings Building, Market Street, Sydney. The Club was dissolved in 1995, with the remaining funds used for the establishment of a piano scholarship at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music.\n", "Details": "Members included Sybil King, president 1958-1979, Edna Gibbins, president 1980-1955 and Beryl Green, secretary 1966-1995.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-club-records-1937-1995\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children By Choice Association Incorporated", "Entry ID": "AWE1118", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/children-by-choice-association-incorporated\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Reproductive Health Service", "Summary": "A lobby group that promotes women's sexual and reproductive health choices in relation to unplanned pregnancy, Children by Choice (CbyC) was established in 1972 as an offshoot of the Queensland branch of the Abortion Law Reform Association (ALRA), to offer family planning advice and counselling to women confronted by the reality of an unplanned pregnancy. At this time, legislation dating back to 1899 criminalised abortion and most Queensland women had to travel interstate to obtain one. This legal reality led to staff at CbyC expanding their range of activities to include offering counselling and medical referral services to doctors at St Anne's Hospital in Sydney. By 1975 CbyC had developed a package deal with Ansett Airlines and Population Services International (PSI) to help women to travel to Sydney for abortions. It was not the original intention for CbyC to become an abortion referral service, but this became the Association's best known activity at that early point in its history.\nDespite having bricks thrown through the windows of their premises and their funding slashed periodically throughout the last three decades, CbyC have continued to provide essential counselling services to the women of Queensland. 'The survival of Children by Choice has been a story of struggle and sacrifice.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/julia-trubridge-freebury-further-papers-1960s-2004\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-relating-to-womens-movement-organisations\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "SDN Children's Services Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE1119", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sdn-childrens-services-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Welfare organisation", "Summary": "SDN Children's Services Inc. was the first organisation in Australia to provide all day care for children. The Sydney Day Nursery was established in 1905 in Woolloomooloo on the initiative of a group of young women with an interest in young children's care and education as a result of their involvement in the Sydney Kindergarten Union. The organization aimed to 'preserve family life, to educate mothers in child health and to save babies from death and from becoming State wards'. The Day Nursery catered for infants and toddlers ranging in age from a few weeks to three years. By 1927 the Association had established five centres. It changed its name in 1931 to become the Sydney Day Nursery and Nursery Schools Association Inc. and in 1934 it established the Nursery School Teachers Training College. It changed its name again in 1999 to become SDN Children's Services Inc. This new name reflected an expansion of services for children other than centre based long day care.\n", "Details": "The women who established the Sydney Day Nursery Association did not want their new organisation to be a 'cold, remote charity, but an institution started by fellow women, who fully realise the difficulties that beset the paths of working mothers'.\nWomen supported the Nursery financially through the formation of Circles, each of which was required to raise ten pounds a year to maintain a cot in the House.\nIn addition to increasing the number of centres, the Association established the Nursery School Teachers Training College in 1934 to train teachers to work with children from birth to eight years of age. It ultimately merged with the Sydney Kindergarten Teachers College to become a faculty within the Sydney College of Advanced Education. In 1994 the Institute of Early Childhood Studies became the Institute of Early Childhood located at the Macquarie University Campus.\nSydney women have continued to work in an honorary capacity as Executive and Board members to maintain and extend the services available to pre-school children with twenty-two centres currently operating.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/do-and-learn\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/early-childhood-play-activities-compiled-by-christine-richardson-in-conjunction-with-staff-of-sydney-day-nursery-nursery-schools-association-inc-cover-illustration-robyn-hutchison\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-the-sydney-day-nursery-and-nursery-schools-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-sydney-day-nursery-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sdn-sydney-day-nurseries-childrens-services-inc-records-1905-2006\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sdn-archive\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Federated Association of Australian Housewives", "Entry ID": "AWE1120", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federated-association-of-australian-housewives\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Federated Associations (later Association) of Australian Housewives was formed in 1923 and held its first national conference in 1926. Its purpose was to provide a link between the various state-based Housewives Associations. The first of these was established in Victoria in 1915. New South Wales followed suit in early 1918, South Australian and Western Australia in the 1920s and, after a couple of false starts, Canberra, Tasmania and Queensland in the 1930s. Each of these associations was broadly dedicated to representing the interests of housewives, through political lobbying as well as various efforts to help members keep their household costs down, including domestic advice and member discounts. Although their primary function was always to reduce the cost of living and to control 'profiteering', they very quickly proclaimed themselves to be political organisations, though always 'non-party'. With the wider objective of gaining representation of women at all levels of government and public administration, and influencing public policy in the areas dealing with the home, women and children, their domain of interest rapidly came to include every sphere of public life, national and international.\nWith a combined membership of 115,000 by 1940-41, it was for a short time the largest women's organisation in the country.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-movement-in-the-new-south-wales-and-victoria-1918-1938\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/official-journal-australian-housewives-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-good-that-we-can-do-cecilia-downing-and-feminist-christian-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/modern-housewife\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1939-1985-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/progressive-housewives-association-records-1939-1970\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Travellers Aid Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE1121", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/travellers-aid-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "Travellers Aid Australia (previously the Travellers' Aid Society of Victoria) is a non-profit, independent organisation, providing a range of services and assistance for travellers, including those with special requirements or in emergency situation. Founded in 1916, it initially offered support and protection for women and girls arriving in Melbourne from overseas, interstate and country Victoria. It was not until the late 1960s that they expanded their work to include men. The Society now assists travellers of either sex.\n", "Details": "In 1915, acting on the advice of the British Travellers Aid Society and expecting migration to Australia to increase, the Travellers Aid Committee of the Young Christian Women's Association in Melbourne invited charitable organisations in Victoria interested in the care and welfare of women and girls to a Conference to consider forming a Society along the lines of the British Society.\nFollowing on from this meeting the Travellers Aid Society of Victoria was formed in 1916 as an independent body. In its early years, it was predominantly deserted wives of soldiers and their children benefited from Travellers Aid. The Society particularly worked on applications for War Gratuity Pensions. Accommodation was found for many women and unmarried mothers were provided with care during and after their pregnancies. Regular and ongoing follow-ups were part of the service. Women arriving by steam ship and working couples were assisted to find employment.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-the-travellers-aid-society-of-victoria\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/by-land-sea-or-air-a-history-of-the-travellers-aid-society-of-victoria\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/moore-edith-eliza-harrison\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Travellers' Aid Society of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE1122", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-travellers-aid-society-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The National Travellers Aid Society of Australia was also founded in 1944, with Cecilia Downing, a long serving member of the Victorian Society, as its first president. Its purpose was to provide a link between the various state-based Societies. These are\/were non-profit, independent organisations, providing a range of services and assistance for travellers, including those with special requirements or in emergency situation.\nThe first Travellers' Aid organisation was formed in England in 1885 initially under the auspices of the London Young Women's Christian Association. It aimed to assist girls arriving alone in London or other towns. The first Australian society was formed in Adelaide in 1887, again under the auspices of the YWCA (while this soon fell into abeyance a new society was formed in 1911). The Travellers Aid Society of Victoria was formed in 1916, the Travellers' Aid Benevolent Society of Queensland in 1928, the Travellers Aid Society of New South Wales in 1938 and the Travellers Aid Society of Western Australia in 1944.\nAll of these Societies were initially dedicated to assisting women and girls who were travelling or migrating. It was not until the late 1960s that they expanded their work to include men.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-and-financial-statement-travellers-aid-society-of-queensland\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-the-travellers-aid-society-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-19\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-travellers-aid-society-of-the-a-c-t-1964-1971-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/christina-sewell-papers-1902-1969-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Travellers' Aid Society of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE1123", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/travellers-aid-society-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation, Welfare organisation", "Summary": "The Travellers' Aid Society of New South Wales was officially founded in 1938. Its origins, however, reach back to the late 1880s when the Young Women's Christian Association of New South Wales and the Salvation Army jointly formed a Travellers' Aid Committee. It is a non-profit, independent organisation, providing a range of services and assistance for travellers, including those with special requirements or in emergency situation. Initially offering support and protection for women and girls arriving in the city from overseas, interstate or the country by the late 1960s they expanded their work to include men. The Society now assists travellers of either sex.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-travellers-aid-society-of-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Housewives Association of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE1124", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/housewives-association-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Housewives Association of New South Wales was founded in 1918 largely due to the efforts of the artist Portia Geach. Influenced by a meeting of a housewives' association she had attended in New York in 1917, on her return to Sydney she formed and was first president of a similar organisation in her own state. The Association initially aimed to educate women in the principles of proper nutrition and to combat profiteering and rising food prices. It soon broadened its interests, becoming a considerable lobbying force on issues affecting women and children generally.\n", "Details": "The Association had wide affiliations from its earliest years - including the Parks and Playgrounds Association, Health Week, National Trust of Australia, National Council of Women, Town Planners' Association, United Nations Associations of Sydney and the General Federation of Women's Clubs. In 1928 Geach reorganised the association as the Housewives' Progressive Association. In 1938 the Housewives' Progressive Association was incorporated under the chairmanship of Eleanor Glencross with Geach a director. Their rivalry led to the expulsion in 1941 of Portia and four others, who alleged that the association had been working in cooperation with the Meadow-Lea Margarine Co. Pty Ltd. In 1947 she formed the breakaway Progressive Housewives' Association. The original organisation continued in a somewhat reduced form.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-housewife-the-official-journal-of-the-housewives-association-of-n-s-w\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-thrift-to-scientific-spending-the-sydney-housewives-association-between-the-wars\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-wright-interviewed-by-richard-raxworthy-in-the-labor-council-of-new-south-wales-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-housewives-association-of-nsw-further-papers-1972-1984\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-housewives-association-of-nsw-records-1964-1985\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Progressive Housewives Association, New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE1125", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/progressive-housewives-association-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Progressive Housewives Association, New South Wales, was formed in 1947 by Portia Geach and other women who had been expelled from the Housewives Progressive Association of New South Wales in 1941. Their expulsion resulted from clashes with the then chairwoman of directors, Eleanor Glencross, and accusations that the association had been working with Meadow-Lea Margarine Company. Geach became foundation president, remaining in this position until 1957. Its main purpose is to act as a lobbying force representing the interests of the homemaker, and women and children more broadly, to government.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/housewife-home-and-family\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geach-portia-swanston-1873-1959\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/endeavour-womens-organisations-in-new-south-wales-1896-1978-national-council-of-women-of-new-south-wales\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/progressive-housewives-association-records-1939-1970\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Guild of Empire", "Entry ID": "AWE1130", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-guild-of-empire\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Political organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Guild of Empire was founded in 1928 by Adela Pankhurst Walsh. It was modelled on and affiliated with the London based Women's Guild of Empire.\nThe Guild initially raised money for working class women and children hit by the Depression. It also advocated the need for industrial cooperation, and Pankhurst frequently spoke out against strikes. It was a conservative, patriotic organisation which developed strong anti-communist sentiments.\n", "Details": "Throughout its existence, the Guild adopted the following objectives:\n1. To combat Communism and all forms of class government.\n2. To establish industrial co-operation and peace.\n3. to uphold the Christian ideals of life and safeguard the family.\n4. To awaken the peoples to a sense of responsibility for the well-being of the community.\n5. To deepen the realization of the value of British citizenship.\n6. To assist in the development of Australia as a part of the British Empire.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-empire-gazette\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-and-the-empire\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/industrial-co-operation-policy-speech-of-the-australian-womens-guild-of-empire\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brazen-hussies-and-gods-police-fighting-back-in-the-depression-years-revised-version-of-article-published-in-hecate-v-8-no-1-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-enthusiasms-of-adela-pankhurst-walsh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anti-political-political-thought-non-labor-reactions-against-party-politics-during-the-great-depression-in-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-guild-of-empire\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom - Victorian Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE1135", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Victorian Branch) has its origins with the formation of the Sisterhood of International Peace in Melbourne in 1915. When the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was founded in Zurich in 1919, the Sisterhood reconstituted itself as the Australian section of this new organisation. The Victorian branch formally separated from the Australian Section in 1920, although considerable overlap continued between these two bodies.\nAside from campaigning for international disarmament and an end to all war, WILPF has taken action on a wide range of social justice issues.\n", "Details": "The Sisterhood of International Peace was formed in Melbourne in 1915 'To promote mutual knowledge of each other by the women of different nations, goodwill and friendship, to study the causes - economics and moral - of war; and by every means in their power to bring the humanising influence of women to bear on the abolition of war, and the substitution of international justice and arbitration for irrational methods of violence.' The president was Lucy Paling, the secretary Janet Strong and corresponding secretaries Mabel Drummond and Eleanor Moore. Moore remained as secretary for many years.\nAside from its central object of abolishing war, WILPF in Australia has focussed on women's rights and Indigenous Australians' rights as well as working with projects for refugees in Australia and overseas.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-1915-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Local Government Women's Association", "Entry ID": "AWE1136", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Political organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Local Government Women's Association (ALGWA) was formed in Canberra in 1951. A non-party, not for profit organisation, the formation of the Association was inspired by the belief that more women should be involved in local government both as elected members and senior managers.\nAs of 2008, its aims were:\nTo assist in furthering knowledge and understanding of the function of local government\nTo encourage women to participate in local government\nTo encourage women to make a career in local government\nTo watch over and protect the interests and rights of women in local government\nTo take action in relation to any subject or activity affecting local government and local government legislation\nTo act in an advisory capacity to intending women candidates for local government election.\nThe Association has branches in all Australian states and the Northern Territory and membership is open to all interested in encouraging and supporting women's participation in the Local Government sector.\n", "Details": "1951 was the jubilee year of the Commonwealth of Australia, a Jubilee Women's Convention was held in Canberra as part of the celebrations. It was at this event that the ALGWA was formed. Ellen Weeks of Alexandra Shire, Victoria, was elected foundation president. The national body lapsed for some years, but was revived in 1966 with the development of strong branches of the movement in each State. Biennial national conventions were held from this time.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/baker-jean-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1951-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1951-1967-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lorelei-booker-papers-ca-1890-1991\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "BPW Wollongong", "Entry ID": "AWE1138", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bpw-wollongong\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Membership organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Business and Professional Women's Club of Wollongong was formed on 17 March 1953. The Club's objectives include a commitment to the removal of sex discrimination in the employment and remuneration of women. The Club is affiliated with the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs and through that body to the International Federation of Business and Professional Women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-business-and-professional-womens-club-of-wollongong\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Museum of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE1140", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-museum-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Museum, Research Centre", "Summary": "Initially known as the National Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame, the Women's Museum of Australia has heen locat\u00aded on the site of the Old Alice Springs Gaol since 2007.\n", "Details": "In February 1993 a public meeting was called in Alice Springs to gauge the extent of community interest in establishing a project that commemorated the lives of the 'pioneer' women of Australia. There proved to be immense interest and a committee was formed to determine how best this aim could be achieved, and how funds might be raised in order to do so. Mrs Molly Clark, of Old Andado Station in Central Australia, contributed much of the early organisational drive as well as an important geographic focus for fundraising efforts. One of the key aims of the organising committee was to raise money to create a purpose-built museum, including an art gallery and research area in Alice Springs. 'Molly's Bash', the main annual fundraising event, was held on Mrs Clark's property from 1993.\nIn March 1994 the Northern Territory government, on behalf of the organisation, leased the Old Courthouse, a 1928 heritage-listed former government building located in Alice Springs' CBD. The organising committee successfully applied for funding to establish important on-line exhibitions. 'Women at the Heart', 'First in their Field' and 'Women's Work'. Since 2007, the Museum has been located on the site of the Old Alice Springs Gaol.\nAlthough the concept was originally promoted as one that would, importantly, preserve and protect the stories of local women, the project quickly became national in scope. As the mission statement ('to edu\u00adcate, inspire and empow\u00ader peo\u00adple by explor\u00ading the dis\u00adtinc\u00adtive his\u00adto\u00adry and con\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtions of Aus\u00adtralian women') suggests, it isn't only rural and regional women who are celebrated.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Local Government Women's Association - New South Wales Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE1141", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-new-south-wales-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Political organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Local Government Women's Association - New South Wales Branch was formed in Sydney in 1952 with Ald. Marjorie Proposting of Lane Cove Council as first president. Its formation was precipitated by the formation of a national Australian Local Government Women's Association in Canberra the previous year. A non-party organisation, it was inspired particularly inspired by the belief that more women should be involved in local government partly because this arm of government was especially relevant to housewives and mothers.\nIts aims are:\n-to assist in furthering women's knowledge and understanding of the function of local government; to watch over and protect the interests and rights of women in local government; to take action in relation to any subject or activity of particular interest to women affecting local governing bodies or local government legislation; to encourage women to make a career in local government and to act in an advisory capacity to suitable women candidates for local government election.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-conference-programme-and-agenda-australian-local-government-womens-association-n-s-w-and-a-c-t-branch\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australian-parliaments-and-local-governments-past-and-present-a-survey\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pat-richardson-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-womens-electoral-lobby-and-womens-events-1977-2002\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1951-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lorelei-booker-papers-ca-1890-1991\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-viola-smith-further-papers-1957-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-nsw-branch-inc\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-local-government-womens-association-nsw-branch-records-ca-1958-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eleanor-m-hinder-papers-1837-1963-together-with-the-papers-of-a-viola-smith-ca-1850-1975\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission", "Entry ID": "AWE1151", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-equal-opportunity-and-human-rights-commission\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Government Statutory Authority", "Summary": "The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commissions is an independent statutory authority, accountable to the Victorian Parliament, that promotes equal opportunity and works to eliminate unlawful discrimination in Victoria. It helps people to resolve complaints of discrimination, sexual harassment and racial and religious vilification through a process of conciliation.\nIn addition to its complaint resolution service, the Commission offers information, education and consultancy services, conducts research and provides legal and policy advice.\nThe Commission has the power to refer unresolved complaints to the Anti-Discrimination List, which is in the Civil Division of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT).\n", "Details": "In 1975, the Victorian Government established the Community Services Centre. The Centre consisted of six bureaux, including a Migrant Advisory Bureau, an Anti-Discrimination Bureau and a Women's Advisory Office. Various existing instrumentalities, such as the Office of Women's Policy, Ethnic Affairs and the Equal Opportunity Commission evolved from this service. To that extent the Anti-Discrimination Bureau pre-empted the introduction of the Equal Opportunity Act 1977.\nThe Equal Opportunity Act 1977 made it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of sex or marital status in certain areas. The Office of the Commissioner for Equal Opportunity and the Equal Opportunity Board were established under the provisions of this Act, with each body having distinct functions.\nThe Commissioner dealt with complaints under the Equal Opportunity Act through the process of negotiation and conciliation and referred unresolved complaints to the Equal Opportunity Board. The Commissioner of Equal Opportunity was required to investigate: complaints lodged with the Registrar of the Equal Opportunity Board; and, matters referred by the Board.\nThe Commissioner's role was investigative, conciliatory, and negotiation-oriented.\nThe Equal Opportunity Board acted as a tribunal to hear and determine unconciliated complaints and heard applications for exemptions from the provisions of the Equal Opportunity Act. The Board's function, like that of the current Ant-Discrimination List, was adjudicative. The Board's proceedings were subject to appeal to the Supreme Court by way of re-hearing.\nFrom 1977 to 1983 the Board's function encompassed: receipt, investigation, conciliation, negotiation and adjudication of complaints of discrimination on the grounds of sex (including sexual harassment) and marital status in the areas of employment, education, accommodation and the provision of goods and services, under the provisions of the Equal Opportunity Act 1977.\nThe Equal Opportunity Act 1984 extended the grounds of unlawful discrimination to include race, impairment, political or religious beliefs and extended the areas to which the Act applied to include clubs which receive Government funding or which use Crown land.\nLegislative Change\nThe position of Commissioner was abolished under the 1993 Amendment Act and replaced with a position known as Chief Conciliator. As of March 2005 the Commission comprises a Chairperson and three other members, one of whom is the Chief Conciliator.\nThe Commission:\n\nResolves discrimination complaints lodged under the Equal Opportunity Act 1984. The Commission also receives complaints lodged under the federal Racial Discrimination Act 1975, the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1992. However all complaints made under federal law in Victoria are finalised by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission based in Sydney.\nProvides information about equal opportunity rights and responsibilities.\nProvides training and education programs and campaigns about equal opportunity, discrimination and harassment issues.\nConducts research and provides advice on legal and policy issues related to discrimination and human rights.\n\nUnder the provisions of the Equal Opportunity Act 1995, the name of the Equal Opportunity Board was changed to the Anti Discrimination Tribunal although its role and operations remained unchanged. From the establishment of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, Anti-Discrimination hearings have been dealt with by the Anti-Discrimination List which is part of the Civil Division of the Tribunal.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/first-ladies-finding-women-in-public-record-office-victoria-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "2WG Women's Club", "Entry ID": "AWE1243", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/2wg-womens-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "One of Australia's early radio clubs, the 2WG Women's Club was an important fundraising group as well as an essential communication tool for women in the Wagga Wagga region with its twice daily broadcasts and weekly meetings especially for women.\n", "Details": "Established in the 1930's, the club ran daily broadcasts for women from its Wagga Wagga station through to the 1960's. Using code names where preferred, women joined the club to exchange greetings or news items on air during the two 45-minute daily sessions allocated to them. Each Thursday members met at the radio premises for a 'Bushell's Tea Party', sharing afternoon tea and a sing-a-long.\nFundraising was the focus of the 2WG Women's Club, and members continued to help finance local facilities in times of economic hardship. The Haven Nursing Home, which was established to provide local care for the elderly and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2004, is testament to this prodigious fundraising activity.\nThe full history of the 2WG Women's Club - a history that \"records the contribution of isolated and rural women in the middle decades of the twentieth century to the social fabric of the community\" - can now be explored using the Wagga Wagga City Library's archival holdings.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/2wg-womens-club-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Food For Thought: Greek Australian Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE1822", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/food-for-thought-greek-australian-womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Food for Thought Network was founded in 2001 by Varvara Ioannou. It has a development focus and runs quarterly forums on current issue pertaining to women in the areas of work, family, health and wellbeing as well as language and culture. \n Although established and coordinated by Greek women, the Food for Thought Network is not exclusive: you don't have to be Greek or female to attend forums and meetings. \nFood for Thought Network aims to:\n\ncreate an egalitarian environment where everyone is encouraged to participate and contribute;\nshare knowledge and collective experiences in the areas of work, family, language, culture, health and well-being;\nacknowledge and celebrate our cultural heritage and embrace the diversity of other cultures;\ncreate opportunities for continual learning, self-expression and empowerment;\nprovide opportunities for people to meet and support each other;\nacknowledge, celebrate and capitalise the talents of our members;\nadvocate on CALD women's issues.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Seven Writers", "Entry ID": "AWE2108", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/seven-writers\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory", "Occupations": "Writers Group", "Summary": "Seven Writers was a group of Canberra-based women writers who met regularly to debate and critique one another's work.\nThis entry was sponsored by a generous donation from Christine Foley.\n", "Details": "Beginning with three members in 1980, the group grew to include seven female Canberra-based writers by 1984. They were founding member Dorothy Johnston (1948- ), Margaret Barbalet (1949- ), Sara Dowse (1938- ), Suzanne Edgar (1939- ), Marian Eldridge (1936-1997), Marion Halligan (1940- ) and Dorothy Horsfield (1948- ).\nMembers' published works include short stories, novels, children's literature, non-fiction, articles and reviews, and in diverse ways their writing vividly portrays life 'beneath the surface of Canberra'.\nCollectively the group authored Canberra Tales in 1988, later republished as The Division of Love in 1996, an anthology of short stories about life in Canberra. This was considered a landmark publication for Canberra fiction and received an ACT Bicentennial Award.\nSeven Writers raised the profile of Canberra-based authors, and in 1995 a photographic portrait of the group appeared in the National Library of Australia exhibition, Beyond the Picket Fence.\nAfter the death of Marian Eldridge in 1997, the group did not meet again for one year. Sara Dowse relocated to Canada in 1998. She returned to Australia in 2004. The members are still friends but no longer meet formally to critique one another's work.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-division-of-love-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-fog-garden-a-novel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/counting-backwards-and-other-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-block-the-hidden-world-of-canberras-mandarins\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/silver-city\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/schemetime\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sapphires\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/digging\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dream-run\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/venom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-house-at-number-10\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-worry-box\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-apricot-colonel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cockles-of-the-heart\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collected-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eat-my-words\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-golden-dress\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-hanged-man-in-the-garden\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-living-hothouse\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lovers-knots-a-hundred-year-novel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/out-of-the-picture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/self-possession\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/spidercup\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-taste-of-memory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wishbone\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maralinga-my-love\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-for-the-master\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ruth\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-trojan-dog\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tunnel-vision\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/springfield\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/blood-in-the-rain\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/far-from-a-low-gutter-girl-the-forgotten-world-of-state-wards-south-australia-1887-1940\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/steel-beach\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lady-baby-gypsy-queen\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-presence-of-angels\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-seven-writers-group-between-1986-and-approximately-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-sara-dowse-1958-2007-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marian-eldridge-1942-1997-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-margaret-barbalet-1974-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marion-halligan-circa-1970-circa-2003-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maralinga-cycle-1988-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Greek Welfare Society", "Entry ID": "AWE2116", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-greek-welfare-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Ethnic Welfare Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Greek Welfare Society (AGWS) was established in Melbourne in 1972 with the aim of lobbying for the rights of migrants and their children, and to improve services in the area of education, health, welfare, child care and language services. It's continuing purpose is to empower members of the Australian-Greek community to reach their full potential, by undertaking service provision, advocacy, policy development and research in an innovative, culturally and linguistically appropriate manner. The AGWS is not a women's organisation; nevertheless it has significant female representation in its executive and on its board and has historically advocated on behalf of women and their interests.\n", "Details": "The Australian Greek Welfare Society (AGWS) was established in 1972 as an outgrowth of the welfare subcommittee of the Greek Professional's Association. Politically neutral from the outset, the AGWS differentiated itself from other organisations representing Greek-Australians in both aims and style; it existed to lobby 'overtly and aggressively' from a rights-based platform. While existing Greek-Australian communal and Church organisations were 'defensively ethnic and more inward looking' in their orientation and operations, AGWS was outward focused and political, not in terms of party allegiance but in terms of promoting public debate about important multicultural issues. The organisation has been very influential at times when crucial debates about ethnicity and multiculturalism have been running in the community at large. During the 1977 Federal election campaign, it was one of only a few ethnic organisations visited by the leaders of the three key political parties, a key measure of its influence at a time when multicultural issues were being placed on the national agenda.\nSome early AGWS initiatives directed towards the needs of women include the establishment of a child care centre and before and after school care programs. Further specific service development relevant to the women's area was the establishment, after extensive lobbying, of a marital guidance counselling position at the agency in 1981. From 1981-86 the agency was able to continue the running of this programme which met the very specific needs of the Greek community. Related to this, the AGWS also provided important counselling and information services for single parents who, in the Greek community bore the stigma of divorce and separation, as well as the loneliness and isolation experienced by single parents in the broader Australian community.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-greek-welfare-society-twenty-years\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greek-women-of-the-mass-migration-period-today\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Association of Non-English Speaking Background Women of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2118", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-non-english-speaking-background-women-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant Women's Organisations", "Summary": "The Association of Non-English Speaking Background Women of Australia (ANESBWA) was established in 1987, with the aim of promoting access and equity for the culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women of Australia. The founding members argued that women could not rely on the male heads of existing multicultural, ethnic and feminist organisations to represent their interests and that they must speak up for themselves.\nAs well as networking with women in state and territory Ethnic Community Councils, ANESBWA sought to link up with existing organisations that catered for women, such as social, cultural and political groups. A key feature of the organisation was that it was not ethnically aligned and was therefore in a position to cut across multicultural politics to lobby on behalf of all CALD women.\nAccording to an executive member of the organisation, ANESBWA ceased operating in 1997, due in large part to the federal government of the day removing funding. It was deemed by the Coalition government that migrant women of CALD background should simply function under the auspices of FECCA (the Federation of Ethnic Community Councils of Australia), thus ignoring the women's need for an autonomous voice. Nowadays, CALD women are represented by the Network of Immigrant and Refugee Women of Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-disadvantage-migrant-and-aboriginal-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/issues-for-non-english-speaking-background-women-in-multicultural-australia-australian-office-of-multicultural-affairs-policy-options-papers-series\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/matina-mottee-interviewed-by-nicola-henningham-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-association-of-non-english-speaking-background-women-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-constitutional-convention-1997-1998-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-non-english-speaking-background-women-of-australia-anesbwa-records-and-sound-recordings-1985-2000\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian-Polish Community Services", "Entry ID": "AWE2123", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-polish-community-services\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant Welfare Organisation", "Summary": "Australian-Polish Community Services (APCS) is a community-based, not for profit and charitable organisation, established in 1983 in response to a perceived need for a welfare organisation assisting Polish people in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria. The organisation provides home-based support services through a variety of programs and conducts research and projects to assist the evolving needs of its clients.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polish-migrants-stories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polonia-in-australia-challenges-and-possibilities-in-the-new-millenium\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Office of Multicultural Affairs", "Entry ID": "AWE2124", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/office-of-multicultural-affairs\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Government Agency", "Summary": "The Office of Multicultural Affairs (OMA) was a division of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. It was established early in 1987 to advise the Prime Minister directly on issues relating to Australian multicultural society. The purpose of the office was to be that of a 'bridge-builder', linking community and government to further the policy of multiculturalism. To that end, it had a liaison and Community Information Branch and a Policy and Research Branch. The focus of the community information program was on building upon research undertaken and evaluating ongoing projects. Although most staff were located in Canberra, there were Regional Coordinators in each State and in the Northern Territory, so there was some attention to decentralised services.\nIn early 1995 the functions of the OMA were to be transferred to the Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs. For administration purposes, OMA officially ceased to be part of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet on 26 January 1995.\n", "Details": "The Office of Multicultural Affairs aimed to:\n\nPromote acceptance of and respect for cultural differences;\nImprove communication between community groups and Government;\nEnsure equal access and equity for all groups to government services and programs, including health, social welfare, employment, training and education;\nDevelop a National Agenda of practical long-term strategies for multiculturalism;\nAdvise Government on multicultural programs and services after consultation with community groups;\nProvide information on multicultural policies.\n\nThe OMA's first head, Peter Shergold, adopted the view that, as a bridgebuilder, the agency would be best served by appointing community workers to the regional coordinators' positions. It is said that he believed that is was easier to teach community advocates how to be bureaucrats than it was to teach bureaucrats how to liaise with the community. This type of thinking led to Beryl Mulder being appointed to the position of Regional Coordinator for the Northern Territory. It also led to innovative programs, such as employing bilingual officers to run the OMA's consultative programs. This meant that consultations could be managed in community languages, but reports could be written in English. This process resulted in a series of Policy Options Papers, many of which informed debate about access and equity to services for women of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/issues-for-non-english-speaking-background-women-in-multicultural-australia-australian-office-of-multicultural-affairs-policy-options-papers-series\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dr-peter-shergold-foundation-director-of-the-office-of-multicultural-affairs-looks-at-the-role-of-the-office-and-ethnic-support\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/correspondence-files-department-of-prime-minister-cabinet-annual-single-number-series\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian-Migrant Women's Association", "Entry ID": "AWE2128", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-migrant-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Australian-Migrant Women's Association was established by Dorothy Buckland-Fuller in 1974 to bring together immigrant and Australian-born women to discuss matters of common interest. Buckland-Fuller, who had some influence within the Greek community in New South Wales, was concerned that Greek women were often too inward looking. She wanted to expose them to new ideas and open lines of communication between them and other women of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.\nBuckland-Fuller was assisted by International Women's Year funding in 1975 to promote the initiative. She received a small grant to assist in running a program of monthly meetings as the premises of the Greek Orthodox Community of New South Wales in Sydney. These meetings brought together about one hundred women at a time from different ethnic communities, as well as Buckland-Fuller's friends from the Women's Electoral Lobby and academic circles.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-disadvantage-migrant-and-aboriginal-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-greek-orthodox-community-of-new-south-wales\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Greek Orthodox Community of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE2129", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greek-orthodox-community-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Lakemba, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Greek Orthodox Community is one of Australia's oldest organisations representing Greek migrants. Apart from operating churches, it provides a wide range of migrant related social services, including afternoon Greek schools, kindergartens and aged care hostels. In more recent times, it has taken on board the need to meet its members' cultural and artistic aspirations. This has involved a shift in emphasis towards promoting and supporting cultural initiatives not only of Greek\/Australians of New South Wales but of all Australia.\nIn the 1970s and 80s the organisations premises were used to host meetings of the Australian-Migrant Women Association, an organisation established by Dorothy Buckland-Fuller with the aim of broadening the horizons of Australian-Greek women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-greek-orthodox-community-of-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-vivi-koutsianidis-germanos\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ethnic Affairs Commission - New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE2130", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethnic-affairs-commission-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Government Agency", "Summary": "On June 2, 1976 the newly elected Australian Labor party Premier, Neville Wran, announced his cabinet's decision to establish an Ethnic Affairs Commission. Under the Ethnic Affairs Act, 1976 ( Act No. 76, 1976) (3) the Ethnic Affairs Commission's initial work involved the research and investigation of ethnic affairs with special emphasis on promoting the integration of different ethnic groups. The constitution and functions of a Commission to implement policy decisions in this area was also examined.\nThe Ethnic Affairs Commission interacted with a number of new government bodies all concerned with equal opportunity issues in society. These included the Anti-Discrimination Board which came into operation in June 1977 to address racial discrimination, the Review of New South Wales Government Administration which dealt with recruitment, promotion and equality of opportunity and the Women's Coordination Unit of the Premier's Department which had responsibility for creating opportunities for migrant women.\nIn 1978 the Ethnic Affairs Commission submitted its report, Participation, which outlined a concept of multiculturalism that went beyond preserving cultural heritage to a society where minority groups would achieve total participation in the New South Wales social and political system.\nTo implement this philosophy of equal opportunity Participation recommended that a Commission should be established as a strong and stable body to ensure that all elements of the New South Wales Government Administration come to regard ethnic affairs as part of their ordinary, day to day attitudes and thinking.\nA new Ethnic Affairs Commission was established as a permanent government authority on 1 December 1979. It was established under the terms of the Ethnic Affairs Commission Act, Act No. 23, 1979. (7)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-other-australia-experiences-of-migration\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Interdepartmental Working Group Taskforce on Migrant Women", "Entry ID": "AWE2131", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interdepartmental-working-group-taskforce-on-migrant-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "In 1977, when the Galbally review of Post-Arrival Migrant Programs and Services was announced, Senator Margaret Guilfoyle wrote to the Prime Minister advising him of the specific problems and special needs of migrant women. In June of that year, Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser asked the Office of Women's Affairs to set up an Interdepartmental Working Group Taskforce on Migrant Women. Officers from the following department were involved:\n\nImmigration and Ethnic Affairs\nSocial Security\nEmployment and Industrial Relations\nProductivity\nHealth\nEducation\nSchool's Commission\n\nUnder extremely trying conditions, including endless delays caused by the Department of Employment and Industrial Relations, the taskforce completed its report in November, just making the deadline to be considered by the Galbally Review. Among other things, the report recommended that 'wherever possible action should be taken to provide services through or in co-operation with ethnic organisations and migrant women'.\nThe report was regarded as a valuable resource for implementation of Recommendation 43 of the Galbally Report.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interdepartmental-working-group-on-womens-affairs-report-of-task-force-on-migrant-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-disadvantage-migrant-and-aboriginal-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ethnic Childcare Development Unit", "Entry ID": "AWE2133", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethnic-childcare-development-unit\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Marrickville, Sydney, New South Wales", "Occupations": "Training institution", "Summary": "The Ethnic Childcare Development Unit was established in 1980, one of many initiatives funded through grant-in-aid programs that emerged in the wake of the Galbally Review of Migrant Post-arrival programs and services. It's aim was to train immigrant women, many whom had overseas qualifications that were not recognised, to work in child-are centres and introduce multicultural programs.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-vivi-koutsianidis-germanos\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Immigrant Women's Speakout Association of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE2135", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/immigrant-womens-speakout-association-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Immigrant Women's Speakout Association of New South Wales has been in operation since 1985 and is the peak advocacy, information\/referral and research body representing the ideas and issues of immigrant and refugee women in NSW. The Association also undertakes community development projects and provides direct services in the areas of domestic violence and employment, education and training. Speakout is a community-based organisation, managed by women of non-English speaking background.\nImmigrant Women's Speakout Association grew out of a gathering of women in New South Wales that was organised in 1982. The Immigrant and Refugee Women's Speakout was an occasion that attracted 200 women from around Australia with the aim of encouraging them to discuss pressing issues for women of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Similar occasions were organised in Adelaide and Brisbane the following year.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Panhellenic Women's Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE2138", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/panhellenic-womens-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Panhellenic Women's Movement was a broad-based, progressive women's organisation established in 1977 in order to assist and represent Australian women of Greek heritage.\n", "Details": "The goals of the Panhellenic Women's Movement were as follows:\n\nTo advance the social and mental development of its members, the cultivation of friendly relations and solidarity amongst the members of the organisation,\nThe accomplishment of women's equality in society; professional, social and political,\nThe cultivation of friendly relations between Greek women and the Australian people, as well as other women's organisations of the other nationalities and with all Greek organisations, clubs and brotherhoods,\nTo make claims for working rights,\nTo support every effort for maintaining world peace\n\nOrganisations such as the Panhellenic Women's Movement were extremely active in their attempts to network with other women's organisations. The fact that we know of their existence is proof of this - they corresponded with the Union of Australian Women (UAW) quite regularly and their letters can be found in the UAW archives.\nEvidence that they (and no doubt other migrant women's organisations) had an impact on the thinking of established women's organisations can also be found in this correspondence. A note in the UAW records, with the Panhellenic Women's Movement correspondence, notes the following:\n'Our work is two-fold - on the one hand to become cognisant of the problems of migrant women and to assist them with regard to language, job opportunities, conditions etc. and by takin up the various issues contained in the Charter for Women Workers Rights, on the other hand, by extending solidarity to women in their homelands - for example, protesting at the closure of the Progressive Women's Organisation's office in Turkey, protesting about the atrocities against women in Chile and Uruguay.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-re-panhellenic-womens-movement\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ukrainian Women's Association in Australia of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE2142", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ukrainian-womens-association-in-australia-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Cowra, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The first branch of the Ukrainian Women's Association was formed on September 13th, 1949 in Cowra migrant camp. Mrs. I Polensly was the inaugural president. Ukrainian women were holding meetings in all the migrant centres across Australia, however Cowra is always considered to be the cradle of the U.W.A in Australia\n", "Details": "The Ukrainian women who came to Australia in the period immediately after the second world war were highly organised at a very early stage. This, in part, can be explained by the fact that they regarded themselves to be simply 'renewing' pre-existing associations that were established in the Ukraine some years earlier. The National Women's Council founded in Ukraine in 1919 served Ukrainian women during the period of Ukrainian independence and continued its work in exile in Prague, Czechoslovakia until 1937 when the Ukrainian Women's Association in Lvov, Western Ukraine took upon itself the task of founding another co-ordinating centre - the World Association of Ukrainian Women. World War 2, however, terminated the work of this co-ordinating body.\nAs well as organising events and services for the local community, the organisation took a keen interest in the position of women back in the Ukraine. They circulated petitions to bring attention to human rights abuses of women under the Soviet system. For instance, the following petition was circulated in 1975:\n'Among the violations are an alarming number of arrests and the persecution of Ukrainian women, who have been sentenced under the Criminal Code for simply raising their voices in defence of basic human rights and dignity, opposing the forced russification of the Ukrainian language and culture, and objecting to the state imposition of atheism and suppression of the freedom of worship and the pervasive police control of private and family life.\nTherefore, in the name of humanity and justice and in the spirit of the International Year of Women, we petition this House of parliament to intervene before the Government of the USSR and request it to grant amnesty to Ukrainian and other political prisoners in the USSR, and to allow them to return to their families and homeland with the restoration of all their citizen's rights. In particular we request that you intervene on behalf of the following women political prisoners:\nStasiv-Kalynec Iryna Onufrivna, Strokata_Karavanska Nina Antonivna, Svitlychna nadia Alexeivna, Shabatura Stefania Mychailivna, Oksana Popvych, inmates of camp p\/ja ZH\/CH 385\/3 Potma, Mordovian ASSR, USSR.\nUnder these conditions, it was impossible for some immigrants to leave their politics at the door.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ukrainian-womens-association-in-australia-of-n-s-w-records-1949-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ukrainian-womens-association-in-australia-of-n-s-w-further-records-1949-1995\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE2147", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant Women's Organisations", "Summary": "From the time of her election to parliament, Franca Arean was hopeful of forming a \"network\" of women of all backgrounds who could meet informally, exchange ideas and help and support each other. In January 1984, she sent a letter to twenty to thirty women asking them to come to a meeting at Parliament House. They met in Feb 1984 for the first time, and the Women's Network - Australia was born. The first Women's Network guest was Frederika Steen, the head of a newly established Women's Desk at the Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs in Canberra.\n", "Details": "The women who gathered for the 1984 meeting decided that there was a need for a women's network so that women from the older established groups, such as Anglo-Celtic, the Italian or Greek women, who had gone through the difficulties of the early years could advise and be supportive of the new groups of women, such as the Indo-Chinese, Laotian, Central American and Moslem women. They decided to meet for a few hours every two months, to have guest speakers and to be completely unstructured. Meeting in parliament house was regarded as symbolically important , as many of the women felt it was a seat of power from which they felt alienated and, at best, intimidated by.\n'Meeting the ministers' was a regular event at the network gatherings. Sometimes these meetings happened away from parliament house. There was a social evening in 1985, a Chinese dinner in honour of the then Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs was arranged.. Nearly 200 women attended, but the minister didn't talk. Instead, five women were chosen to speak on a range of issues, including the problems encountered by Isolated Arabic speaking women, migrant women in the bureaucracy, Multicultural education, Child care in the Western Suburbs and Tenosynovitis. None of the women had ever spoken in front of a minister before.\nBy 1985, the number of members of the network had grown to 300.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/double-disadvantage-migrant-and-aboriginal-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/franca-arena-papers-ca-1960-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-migrant-and-indigenous-women-action-group\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/franca-arena-correspondence-1984-1996-concerning-the-womens-network\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Greek Young Matrons' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE2150", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greek-young-matrons-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The formation of the Greek Young Matrons' Association was an overt attempt by second generation parents of Greek heritage to ensure that their children married Australian born Greeks like themselves. By providing them with an organisation which would offer social activities and cultural events in which young Greek people could participate, the organisers hoped that young Greeks would marry within the community.\n", "Details": "The Greek Young Matrons' Association organised children's concerts (performed in language) and debates for teenagers to participate in. The association also had an annual Ball at which young Greek girls of the second and third generation could make their debut and become known, and possibly seen and selected by an appropriate Greek Australian young man. The organisation was mainly made up of upper middle and middle class second generation Greek women. Parents hoped that participation in this organisation meant that their children would not only marry an Australian born Greek but probably a person from a similar social class.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/greeks-in-australia-100-years-of-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Centre for Philippine Concerns Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2152", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/centre-for-philippine-concerns-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Centre for Philippine Concerns Australia is a national network advocating for the welfare of Filipinos in Australia\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Migrant Centre", "Entry ID": "AWE2163", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-migrant-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Migrant Welfare Organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Migrant Centre has been crucial to the provision of support services to immigrants to Perth for over twenty years.\n", "Details": "The Catholic Episcopal Migrqation and Welfare Association was set up shortly after the end of World War Two to assist Catholic Children from the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta who had been brought to Western Australia without their parents. In 1970, the Catholic Family Welfare Bureau was established to monitor the placement of these kids in various institutions; by 1972 it had developed into a general counselling and welfare agency, receiving funding from the Department of Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs (DILGEA) to employ a dedicated migrant worker. In 1973, a separate Catholic Immigration Office was established, placed under the care of the Catholic Family Welfare Bureau.\nThe Catholic Immigration Office grew and evolved, first changing its name to the Catholic Migrant Resource Centre and eventually becoming the Catholic Migrant Centre in 1984. In 1985 the Catholic Migrant Centre became an autonomous body accountable to the Western Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mail-order-brides-a-west-australian-study-on-filipino-australian-marriages\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-situation-of-filipino-brides-in-the-northern-areas-of-western-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gruszka-mietka-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Captive Nations Council of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE2171", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captive-nations-council-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "In 1959 the U.S. Congress authorised and requested the President of the United States to proclaim the third week in July as Captive Nations Week. The Captive Nations Week Committee was founded in Sydney in 1965 to organise the inaugural, and subsequently annual, commemoration of Captive Nations Week in Australia. In 1971 the Committee changed its names to the Captive Nations Council of New South Wales to reflect, in part, its broadening scope of activities. Foundation member organisations comprised the Byelorussian Association of N.S.W., Central Council of Croatian Associations in Australia, Estonian Society of Sydney, Hungarian Council of N.S.W., Latvian Federation of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Lithuanian Community (Sydney District), Polish Association in N.S.W., Australian Romanian Association, Association of Australian Slovaks, Agency for Free Slovenia and Ukrainian Council of N.S.W.; by 1982 the Afghan Association in Australia and the Vietnamese Volunteer Youth in N.S.W. had become member organisations. In 1988 the Council made a submission to the Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs on the War Crimes Amendment Bill, 1987. The work of the Captive Nations Council of New South Wales wound down after the fall of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captive-nations-council-of-new-south-wales-records-1953-1998-together-with-the-records-of-the-united-council-of-migrants-from-communist-dominated-europe-in-australia-1953-1966\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The United Council of Migrants from Communist Dominated Europe in Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2172", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-united-council-of-migrants-from-communist-dominated-europe-in-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The United Council of Migrants from Communist Dominated Europe in Australia was established in Sydney in September 1953. Representatives from various national organisations made up the Council. It sought to co-ordinate the groups' anti-Communist activities and actions aimed at liberating their respective homelands from Communist control. The Advisory Committee was composed of Australian representatives, including State politicians, Douglas Darby and Eileen Furley, and Federal politician, W. C. Wentworth.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/captive-nations-council-of-new-south-wales-records-1953-1998-together-with-the-records-of-the-united-council-of-migrants-from-communist-dominated-europe-in-australia-1953-1966\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Joint Baltic Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE2173", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-joint-baltic-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Joint Baltic Committee was formed by representatives of the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian communities in Sydney in 1952. Estonian-born Lia Looveer was the founding Secretary and served in that position until 2002. In June 1940 the respective homelands of Looveer and her Committee members had been occupied and annexed by Soviet Russia. A year later began the mass deportation of thousands of people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to remote regions of the U.S.S.R.. The Committee held an annual Commemoration Concert, organised to pay tribute to their compatriots who were deported and suffered under Soviet oppression for more than 50 years. The Committee liaised with Federal and State politicians to campaign for the defence of human rights and fundamental freedoms in, and independence of, the Baltic States. In 1986 the House of Representatives passed the Baltic Resolution which, in part, 'reinforced Australia's non-recognition de jure of the incorporation of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/joint-baltic-committee-records-1952-2000\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2174", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federation-of-ethnic-communities-councils-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Established in 1979, the Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia (FECCA) is the peak, national body representing Australians from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. FECCA is a non-political community-based organisation that advocates, lobbies and promotes issues on behalf of its constituency to government, business and the broader community. Apart from its national office professional staff, it is supported by the work of a voluntary Executive Council.\nFECCA strives to ensure that the needs and aspirations of Australians from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds are given proper recognition in public policy. The organisation works to promote fairness and responsiveness to its constituency in the delivery and design of Government policies and programs. FECCA promotes Multiculturalism as a core value that defines what it means to be Australian in the 21st century. FECCA works to protect the fundamental rights of all Australians, regardless of cultural, spiritual, gender, linguistic, social, political or other affiliations or connections.\n", "Details": "The 1978 Galbally Review of post arrival programs and services for migrants set the scene for the establishment of the Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia (FECCA) in 1979. The report focused on migrant community concerns over the lack of equity in accessing education, employment, communication, legal and social services that particularly highlighted the inequalities in the labour market. A range of recommendations were documented, including the recommendation that ethnic communities themselves had a vital role to play in advancing multiculturalism in Australia.\nFECCA boasts a number of achievements but its strength lies in the number of key advocacy activities that include:\n\nThe need for affordable translating and interpreting services,\nThe need for English language services, adult migrant English programs and training and retraining programs,\nRecognition of overseas qualifications,\nThe elimination of racial discrimination in any form,\nThe need for media services to meet the needs of our diverse population, including SBS television and radio, community radio and multilingual media organisations throughout Australia,\nA non-discriminatory immigration policy,\nA balanced immigration program with particular emphasis on family reunion and humanitarian entrants,\nThe abolition of the two-year waiting period for migrants to access social security benefits,\nInclusive social policies, promotion of multiculturalism, and acceptance of cultural, linguistic and faith diversity,\nStrong social justice policies,\nThe benefits of productive diversity by recognising and capitalising on our culturally and linguistically diverse workforce.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ethnic-spotlight-newsletter-of-the-federation-of-ethnic-communities-councils-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fecca-congress-report-federation-of-ethnic-communities-councils-of-australia-inc\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "City Girls' Amateur Sports Association", "Entry ID": "AWE2225", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/city-girls-amateur-sports-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The City Girls' Amateur Sports Association (CGASA) was established in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1918 to provide a mechanism by which the young working women of Sydney could participate in organised sport. Founding members, Eleanor Hinder and Margaret Thorp, used the experience and networks they developed while working as welfare officers at large department stores (Farmers and Anthony Hordens) to establish the association, which thrived throughout the 1920s. Membership suffered as the depression hit in the 1930s and the CGASA accumulated debts, but in its heyday, over fifty clubs were affiliated with the organisation, representing a cross section of 'city girls' from small and large businesses in the service and manufacturing industries.\n", "Details": "One of the most interesting experiments in Australia of recent years, in meeting the wide need for organized recreation of the younger girls in Industry, has been the overwhelming response to the City Girls' Amateur Sports Association in Sydney,' wrote Margaret Thorp, co-founder and president of the association.\nA self governing body of working young women, the idea of the CGASA was conceived of in 1918, when the female employees of six city businesses attempted to hold an Inter Firm Sports Meeting. A short time later, several of the local physical culture clubs joined to entertain a visiting American Physical Culturalist. 'From these enthusiastic gatherings, representing so many groups of city girls,' continued Margaret Thorp, ' it was borne in upon the committee, that the girls of Sydney were only waiting for a Sports Association to be formed.'\nSo Margaret Thorp and Eleanor Hinder drew upon their experience and resources as welfare officers employed by Anthony Horden and Farmer's department stores (respectively) to establish the CGASA. 'Through the formation of an independent organization for girls working in any factory, store, office or in domestic employment,' wrote Thorp, 'all could participate in team games and competition matches, and a community code of health and comradeship be realized, with a high standard of sport and service, enriching and re-creating the life of the City girl.'\nThe CGASA began with twelve affiliated business house clubs. Year by year it doubled its affiliations. In 1923 there were fifty-three affiliated clubs, touching large and small business and manufacturing houses where hundreds of girls were employed.\nEach affiliated club paid an annual affiliation fee of 10\/-, each member paid 2\/- for her yearly membership badge. The cost of running the competitions was kept to a minimum as dances and fetes were organised throughout the year to raise funds.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/1929-1989-60-years-of-netball-in-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hinder-eleanor-mary-1893-1963\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/watts-margaret-sturge-1892-1978\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/religious-society-of-friends-quakers-in-australia-papers-concerning-margaret-watts-1914-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/eleanor-m-hinder-papers-1837-1963-together-with-the-papers-of-a-viola-smith-ca-1850-1975\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-sydney-university-womens-sports-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Golf Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE2233", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-golf-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Victorian Ladies' Golf Union (VLGU) was established in 1906 after the golfing women of Geelong, in 1905, had initiated moves to create an organisation to further the development of golf for women in Victoria. There were six foundation clubs - Caulfield (later known as Metropolitan, Colac, Kew, Essendon (Northern), Geelong and Surrey Hills (Riversdale) - with a total of 278 members.\nThe women of the union immediately established themselves as women of action. Within its first six months, the Union had undertaken a standardised handicapping system, decided to introduce pennant competition, held a number of friendly interclub matches and initiated a silver medal competition, a competition that is still played as the Silver Spoon event. Since those early days, the VLGU has overseen metropolitan and country competitions, junior development and the emergence of some exceptional talent. Jane Lock, for instance, began her international career playing junior golf in competitions overseen by the VLGU.\nNeedless to say, the VLGU has undergone change and development throughout its 100 years of existence. Competition stopped, for instance, during the first and second world wars and the members put their considerable skills and networks to use to raise funds for the war effort. The Equal Opportunity Act of 1985 had a huge impact on the way clubs operated and laid the foundations for the way the sport is organised today.\nThe 1990s were a time of great change for the Union, with the most important issue being that of constitutional change. Over the years, the development of the sport in Victoria had outgrown the ability of the governing structure to operate efficiently and democratically. Between 1992 and 1994 the board worked to develop a new constitution that would take the Union into the new millennium. As a reflection of this new direction, a new name was adopted. In June 1995 the Victorian Ladies' Golf Union became Women's Golf Victoria.\nIn November 2010 Women's Golf Victoria amalgamated with the Victorian Golf Association to form the umbrella organisation Golf Victoria.\n", "Events": "Victorian Ladies' Golf Union Established (1906 - 1906) \nNellie Gatehouse wins the first State Championship presided over by the Victorian Ladies Golf Union (1907 - 1907) \nInaugural Girls' Golf Championship of Victoria played (1925 - 1925) \nMona Macleod wins the first of five Victorian Championships (1925 - 1925) \nThe Victorian Ladies' Golf Union wrests control of the organisation of the Victorian Championship from the male run Victorian Golf Association (1927 - 1927) \nThe first country golf tournament presided over by the Victorian Ladies' Golf Union is held in Hamilton, Victoria (1929 - 1929) \nThe Mona Macleod Brooch competition is established to commemorate her contribution to women's golf (1953 - 1953) \nBurtta Cheney set a course record of 71 at Royal Melbourne (1961 - 1961) \nBurtta Cheney established the annual junior camp at Anglesea (1966 - 1966) \nThe Equal Opportunity Act changes the way golf clubs are organised (1985 - 1985) \nKarrie Webb breaks Burtta Cheney's course record at Royal Melbourne (1993 - 1993) \nA new constitution in adopted (1994 - 1994) \nVictorian Ladies' Golf Union adopts the name Women's Golf Victoria (1995 - 1995)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-victorian-ladies-golf-union\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Netball Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2241", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/netball-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "A national body for netball in Australia was founded at a meeting on August 26-27, 1927 when the All Australia Women's Basket Ball Association was formed in conjunction with an interstate basketball carnival. Foundation Members of the association included:\n\nThe City Girls' Amateur Sports Association in New South Wales\nThe Adelaide Women's Basket Ball Association in South Australia\nThe Melbourne Girls' Basket Ball Association in Victoria\nThe Australian Ladies' Basket Ball Association in Queensland\nThe Basket Ball Association of Perth in Western Australia\n\nTasmania affiliated soon after, competing in carnivals since 1933. The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory became full members in 1975 and 1977 respectively.\nIn 1970, in accordance with the change of the game's name to 'netball', the association became known as the All Australia Netball Association. In 1993, the name changed again to Netball Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/netball-australia-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women's Sports Association", "Entry ID": "AWE2242", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-womens-sports-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women's Sports Association (SUWSA) was established on August 5, 1910 when twenty-four women committed to 'further the interests of sport among University women' by becoming 'full active members during the season 1911'. The action was prompted by the continual refusal of the Sydney University (men's) Sports Union, founded in 1890, to admit the women rowers, tennis and hockey players, to their membership.\nEffectively, this meant that the women had no access to facilities, including University playing fields; the men did not want any 'Newtown Tarts' using the Sports Union's Oval. Consequently, the concerned women undergraduates, who included Jessie Lillingston (Street) amongst their number, decided that a united body of sportswomen, speaking as one, would have a louder voice and therefore more chance of acquiring the facilities they needed. Once incorporated, the organisation received moral and financial support from senior women in the University and some interested men amongst the lecturing staff.\nFrom these beginnings, the SUWSA grew in membership and effectiveness, always retaining its underlying aims of :\n\nproviding women with a democratic, balanced schedule of physical activity,\nresponding to the needs of its members,\nproviding facilities and equipment to support all women, not just elite athletes,\ncreating opportunities for all students to exercise and maintain a healthy lifestyle.\n\nChanging social, political and economic contexts that accompanied the new millennium made it difficult for the SUWSA to continue in its historic form. The year 2002 marked the end of the SUSWA and the beginning of a new era for Sport at Sydney University. In a meeting on 3 September 2002, members agreed to combine with the Sydney University Sports Union to create a new body called Sydney University Sport. Said the Executive Director at the time, Ann Mitchell, 'some may have had regrets [about the decision] but combining resources was seen as the best way forward.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newtown-tarts-a-history-of-the-sydney-university-womens-sports-association-1910-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-sydney-university-womens-sports-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sportswomen's Association of Australia (S.A. Division)", "Entry ID": "AWE2252", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sportswomens-association-of-australia-s-a-division\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Sportswomen's Association of Australia (S.A. Division) was formed in 1966 in response to a need felt by sportswomen in this state that they should organise in order to better represent their interests and achievements. As well as organising a committee in Adelaide, regional women in South Australia formed a country branch in Waikerie.\nOne initiative of the association was the establishment of a 'Sportswoman of the Year' award in 1966, the inaugural winner of which was athlete Dianne Burge. In February 1979 the S.A. Division set up an interim Australian Executive to form a National Association, and the first national conference was held in November that year. The Association at state and national level was dissolved in 1997.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sportswomens-association-of-australia-s-a-division-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "National Fitness Council of South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2254", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-fitness-council-of-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The National Fitness Council of South Australia was a government advisory body established in 1939 that alerted individuals to the importance of gaining physical fitness, and encouraged community interest in open space and the \"Quality of Environment.\" In 1976 the Council was taken over by the Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport.\n", "Details": "From its inception the National Fitness Council offered women a decided role in the organization and promotion of recreation in South Australia. As most of its programmes were sex segregated, administrative and practical positions for women within the agency were assured.\nThe Council continued to play a major role in fostering women's sport in the post-war years. It provided coaching assistance in a variety of sports (including tennis, athletics, hockey, netball and was also instrumental in organizing and promoting new team sports. It was responsible for the formation of the South Australian Amateur Gymnastic Association in 1952, and the introduction of softball, cricket and court cricket to girls' schools. In 1941, the Council expanded its activities outside the country areas into rural and regional South Australia.\nThrough the provision of financial and administrative\nassistance, played a major role in the formation of the South Australian Women's Amateur Sports Council which, in turn, was important in providing suitable playing grounds for women's sport. Repeated attempts by the National Fitness Council and the South Australian Women's Amateur Sports Council to get government assistance were partially rewarded in 1952 when the state government donated 19 acres of land for the development of a women's sports field. This was the area that would become known as the South Australian Women's Memorial Playing Fields.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-fair-go-women-in-sport-in-south-australia-1945-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-records-national-fitness-council%e2%86%b5national-fitness-council-records%e2%86%b5national-fitness-council-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-the-national-fitness-council-of-south-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "South Australian Women's Amateur Sports Council", "Entry ID": "AWE2255", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-womens-amateur-sports-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The South Australian Women's Amateur Sports Council was established with financial and administrative assistance from the National Fitness Council to promote the interests of sportswomen in South Australia, and to help formulate \"a common policy on planning and development for women's sport\". One of its most important initiatives, in cooperation with the National Fitness Council of South Australia, was the establishment of the Women's Memorial Playing Fields on the corner of Shepherds Hill Road and Ayliffes Road, St. Marys.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-fair-go-women-in-sport-in-south-australia-1945-1965\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-relating-to-the-national-fitness-council-of-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/miscellaneous-records-national-fitness-council%e2%86%b5national-fitness-council-records%e2%86%b5national-fitness-council-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-womens-memorial-playing-fields-trust-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "McLeod Country Golf Club", "Entry ID": "AWE2291", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcleod-country-golf-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Mt Ommaney, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation, Sporting Venue", "Summary": "The McLeod Country Golf Club as founded in 1968 with the establishment of the first 9 holes. The 18 hole course was completed by 1972. Located in the western suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland, it is the only golf club in the southern hemisphere managed by female members. The club welcomes both females (Members) and males (Fellows) and has recently commenced a proactive program to encourage juniors.\n", "Details": "When organised women's golfing competition was in its infancy in Australia, even some well informed men championed the benefits of the sport for women. Renowned golfer D. G. Soutar, the 1903 Amateur Champion of Australasia, who went on to publish The Australian Golfer and then design Melbourne, Victoria's famous Kingston Heath course, commented in 1903 that, 'I am pretty well convinced that the majority of women who follow the game\u2026like it, first and foremost, for the healthy open-air exercise it affords.' According to Soutar improved physical well-being wasn't the only benefit to be enjoyed by women from a round of golf. 'It promotes a habit of self control,' he noted, 'which is not often consciously developed by women, and it steadies the nerves. It takes women out of themselves,' he continued, 'and acts as a gentle counter-poise to tea and gossip.'\nSixty years later, it wasn't tea that a handful of Queensland women golfers were imbibing as they 'gossiped', but Christmas drinks. Associates of the Ashgrove and Keparra clubs were in animated discussion about the prospect of establishing a golf club open to all, but controlled by women. They were tired of the access restrictions placed on women, who could never be more than associate members of gold clubs. Given that many of them were professionals and members of the paid workforce, the restrictions rankled even more; women were rarely, if ever, given weekend access. The redoubtable Kathleen Atherton who, a couple of years earlier, had raised the idea at a meeting of the Queensland Ladies' Golf Union (QLGU) to a lukewarm response, was probably amongst their number. In the intervening years, she had found a willing ally in Hilda Reid, secretary to the Chairman of the Southern Electricity Authority of Queensland. The two of them formed the nucleus of a hard-working group of women who lobbied for support, looked for land and raised public awareness.\nAt the same time the largest private real estate development in Australia was transforming land with Brisbane River frontage near Mt Ommaney, eight kilometers southwest of Brisbane. The Centenary Estates residential housing development had endured a slump in the early 1960s but had recovered momentum by 1965. An ambitious project, it was given Brisbane City Council approval on the proviso that the developers, among other things, financed a new bridge across the Brisbane River, a freeway that connected the bridge to the main road system and the development of an 18 hole golf course. Sixty hectares of flood prone, riverfront land was earmarked for the purpose. The developers were keen to see the course built; they knew it would add to the attractiveness of the surrounding residential blocks that they were trying to sell. They just didn't want to take on the expense of doing so. Therefore, in 1966 they advertised that they would sell the land for $1 in exchange for the purchaser's undertaking to build the course.\nThese two seemingly unrelated courses of events became connected when, in November 1966, a former President of the Ashgrove Golf Club, Jim Newborough, drew Kathleen and Hilda's attention to the advertisement. They quickly arranged an inspection (Kathleen was a geographer and capable of making a well informed assessment) and were pleased by what they saw. Encouraged to do so by Peter Lightfoot, a senior executive of the property development company, they convened a public meeting at the Ashgrove Golf Club on January 16, 1967 to gauge the level of support that a women's golf club might receive. The novelty of the event attracted a high level of media attention, and Hilda took full advantage of the opportunity that the occasion presented. She explained the idea to reporters from the Brisbane Telegraph.\n'Our idea is a golf club run in reverse to the present general set up, where women players are restricted to cut playing times. We don't want our venture to be a Women's Only club, and will welcome men players. But we do want it to be a club where women golfers can play as often as they like, and not cut to restricted, blocked times, especially at the weekends as they are now at most crowded metropolitan clubs\u2026We have found there is a growing band of women golfers, business and professional women, who can't play on the mid-week days set aside as most clubs for associate competition.'\nHilda even encouraged detractors and critics to attend. 'We want as many as we can get to this meeting, knockers as well as supporters\u2026so that a clearer picture may be drawn of the possibilities of launching the venture.' Needless to say, despite the presence of critics, the meeting only served to convince Kathleen and Hilda that they were on the right track and that if they built the club it would succeed.\nThe road from this meeting to eventual land acquisition was by no means a smooth one. Despite eventually receiving support from state and national golfing organizations to pursue the idea, and despite working hard to gather community support from all around the state for the concept of a club for and controlled by women, there were many influential people, who could not see how it would work and therefore did not want to invest in the idea. Amongst them was Sir Arthur Fadden, former Prime Minister and Treasurer, and the presiding Chairman of the Centenary Estates Board of Directors. He and other board members had not approved of the publicity that the public meeting had generated and feared that women did not have the requisite business skills required to see the venture succeed. They were concerned that enabling the idea would see the company become a laughing stock and that this would have a detrimental effect on land sale targets.\nPeter Lightfoot was clearly more of a visionary than the members of the board he reported to. He finally convinced them to allow the women a six month option on the land, expiring in January 1968. Acceding to this request, the board imposed one important condition. The word 'women's' could not appear in the name of the club. Scrapping the proposed name of the Mt Ommaney Women's Golf Club was a small price for the steering committee to pay - but what to use in its place? The committee, comprising of Hilda Reid, Kathleen Atherton, Gwen Osterlund, Marge Irvine, Muriel Pottage and Pat Herd, still wanted a name that promoted the course as a place for women's golf.\nThey decided upon naming the club in honour of a woman who was never an elite golfer but who had, nevertheless, dedicated most of her adult life to golf administration. Gertrude McLeod was an Associate member of the Royal Queensland Golf Club and President of the Indooroopilly Golf Club Associates. She was President of the Queensland Ladies' Golf Union for thirty years, its first life member and the first Queenslander to be President of the Australian Ladies' Golf Union. She served as Vice-President of the English Ladies' Golf Union. She was a firm and forthright supporter of the project and willingly gave her name to the new venture.\nThe first year of 'operation' was challenging, particularly the six months leading up to the expiration of the option in January 1968. At its best, public reaction to the project was patronizing, at worst it was derisory and reflected the common view that even during the weekend, a woman's place was in the home. A journalist from the Melbourne Age, hinting at the real gender politics that shaped the issue of women's access to weekend golf, shared his thoughts:\n'For many years one of the simplest ways for Dad to escape from Mum and the kids at weekends has been for him to announce that he has lined up a game of golf with his friends. Male friends, of course. Women couldn't do the same. Most clubs don't want women to play on weekends. Most men don't want to babysit on their days off.'\nAllowing women access to sport on the weekends meant that men would have to take on domestic responsibilities that they had hitherto been able to avoid; the Age journalist clearly saw the Brisbane ladies' proposal to be the thin end of the wedge.\nApart from the problems with public perception there were pressing practical concerns, chiefly the need to raise a loan to proceed with the development of the land before their option ran out. The steering committee, despite its comprising of several women with well established professional and business credentials, encountered a lot of closed doors as they approached financial institutions for a loan. In this era, women trying to raise funds for home mortgages and businesses found things difficult at the best of times; raising money to build a golf course when all you had as collateral was 60 acres of flood prone land was nigh on impossible. Eventually, the State Government Insurance Office (SGIO) came to the party, approving a loan for $40,000 over fifteen years at 7% interest. Significant conditions were imposed; five committee members were required to take out life insurance policies with SGIO to cover the amount of the loan. And the loan could only be drawn upon after the committee had spent $8,000 of its own funds.\nBut at least they had the commitment before option expiry date, which meant that it was time to hold a general meeting to officially form the club and have the Memorandum and Articles of Association approved. On February 28, 1968, this meeting was held and the McLeod Country Golf Club, the purpose of which was '\u2026to establish, maintain and carry on a golf club for both men and women players and their families\u2026', was formed. Membership clauses that stipulated that the number of Fellows could never exceed 45% of the full membership protected women's interests, ensuring that the club, although open to all, would always be controlled by women. The course would be challenging only, in an Australian first, it would be designed with the needs of women golfers in mind. 'Our aim is to make McLeod a Championship course for women but not at the expense of the average golfer and always keeping in mind the length of the course.'\nAll the committee needed to do now was raise their own funds and start spending them. Signing up members was an obvious revenue source, but this needed to be handled carefully; members would allow some period of grace but they would want some part of the course to be playable before the year was out. The committee had to manage the inflow and outflow of funds on a weekly basis to ensure the development tasks, such as building a dam, could proceed apace. Members and potential members needed to see that they weren't signing up to a white elephant. Fundraising efforts were many and varied; the committee held Walk-a-Thons, fundraising parties, talent shows and German beer nights.\nThey even entered television quiz shows that offered contestants cash prizes. In September 1968, Hilda Reid, Rae McKenzie and Stella McMinn entered Play Your Hunch, a show that required contestants to tell the story of an unlikely event that had actually happened to them, with a panel having to guess who it happened to. The McLeod team decided to choose a story from Rae McKenzie's catalogue of Northern Australian stories. Originally from Mt Isa in northern Queensland, Rae had numerous crocodile hunting experiences and the team settled on one of these. The panel failed to guess the origin of the story correctly, so the McLeod team came away $40 richer and with three tea sets that were used by the club for many, many years. The women of the McLeod Country Club committee were a remarkably resourceful bunch!\nEventually, after a number of legal hitches and frustrating hold ups, the club, Brisbane City Council, SGIO and Centenary Estates Co. came to terms and agreed that the women should take control of the land. A memorable ceremony took place on September 21, 1968, under trees near the site of the ninth green. Peter Lightfoot presented the signed agreement to Kath Atherton, Sir Arthur Fadden, who once opposed the idea wholeheartedly, applauded enthusiastically. And Kath Atherton, floated the idea five years earlier, reflected on the meaning of the occasion.\n'What do you see? You see first a dam, admittedly not much water in it yet; a diversion channel with scarcely any grass on it; greens and tees in embryo stage. But we see a vision, a dream about to be realized\u2026'\nThe Mcleod Country Club still thrives and remains the only female run golf club in the southern hemisphere. It's amazing what a group of 'gossipy' women, 'taken out of themselves' and with 'habits of self control' can do.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-course-the-mcleod-country-golf-club-1968-1993\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mcleod-gertrude-evelyn-1891-1971\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "War Widows' Guild of Australia (Queensland) Inc", "Entry ID": "AWE2681", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/war-widows-guild-of-australia-queensland-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The War Widows' Guild of Australia was formed in 1945 in Victoria by the late Mrs Jessie Mary Vasey OBE, CBE, widow of Major-General George Vasey. In 1947 the Queensland State Branch was formed. The Guild aims to watch over and protect the interests of war widows by lobbying politicians and offering its members friendship, empathy and comfort in times of need, particularly in the loss of a partner. Its motto is as relevant today as it was at the Guild's formation over 60 years ago:-\nWe all belong to each other\nWe all need each other\nIt is in serving each other\nAnd in sacrificing for our common good\nThat we are finding our true life\n(Extract from an Empire Day Message from His Majesty the late King George the Sixth in 1949).\n", "Details": "It was Mrs Vasey's belief in \"self-help\" that led to the establishment of the Guild through craft classes. The sale of crafts also augmented the widows' meagre pensions. Queensland established a very successful weaving school under the leadership of Mrs Connie Hoffman who came up from Melbourne to teach. These craft groups brought the young widows together and gave them a purpose as well as the companionship of other widows.\nThe first Sub-Branch was formed in Toowoomba on 8 August 1947, just four days before the State Guild. Today there are 24 Sub-Branches throughout Queensland and five Social Groups in Brisbane where volunteer war widows look after the interests of their members by living the words of the Guild Motto.\nToday the Guild not only provides a \"listening ear\", it provides friendship, welfare advice, social functions and activities, new member orientation, tours, a quarterly Bulletin magazine, volunteer hospital visitor service, nursing home visitors, various scholarships to universities in Queensland, Maj-jong, Bridge classes and Alexander Technique classes (the art of gentle exercise).\nA further service the Guild provides is that of a Community Services Officer (CSO) who informs members and their families of services available in the community and how to access these services. The CSO will discuss any matters or concerns the members may have, either by a visit to the member's home or by telephone, and make any necessary referrals.\nThe Queensland Vasey Housing Auxiliary (War Widows' Guild) was established in 1961 to provide suitable accommodation at an affordable price for war widows over 55 years of age and other eligible persons. Today the Auxiliary manages 6 blocks of units in and around Brisbane (110 units) as well as 2 holiday units at Caloundra on the North Coast.\nThe Queensland Guild owes its success to the early foundation members. Those who took up the challenge at the inaugural meeting in 1947 were Mrs Hazel Sanders (Hopkinson) - President; Mesdames Betty Crombie (Deshon) and Edna Duff - Vice-Presidents; Mrs Doris Houston - Honorary Treasurer and Mrs J. Bird - Honorary Secretary. The subscription was set at one shilling a year. [1]\nSubsequent State Presidents\n\nMrs Betty Crombie (Deshon) 1948-1950\nMrs Gertrude McKay 1950-1951\nMrs Margaret Gordon 1951-1954\nMrs Billie Hughes OAM 1954-1994\nMrs Jean Walters 1994-1997\nMrs Marjory Brown BEM 1997-2000\nMrs Alison Armstrong FCPA 2000 -2003\nMrs Norma Whitfield 2003-2006\nMrs Barbara Murphy 2006-\n\nMrs Billie Hughes OAM held the position of National President from 1981 to 1986. Mrs Norma Whitfield is the current National President (2004 to date).\nToday the Guild is managed by a State Council of 25 comprising the State President, two Vice Presidents, Honorary Treasurer and 21 Council members.\nThe Guild is represented on various ex-service committees and the State President attends several memorial services throughout the year to lay a wreath on behalf of war widows. Sub-Branch representatives lay wreaths on behalf of their local members in the regional centres.\n2007 marks the 60th anniversary of the War Widows' Guild in Queensland and members are proud of the achievements of the strong and dedicated women who have gone before them, particularly the earlier members who laid the foundations for the success of the organisation and the benefits that war widows receive today.\nTo be eligible for membership, a widow must be designated \"War Widow\" by the Department of Veterans' Affairs, meaning that their partner's death has been accepted as due to war causes. Re-married war widows, war widowers or Defence Service Widows in receipt of compensation from the Department of Veterans' Affairs are also eligible. The majority of members are widows from the Second World War. As our members age, we are now looking towards our younger widows from subsequent wars as well as Peacekeeping personnel widows to carry on the wonderful work of our forebears and preserve Mrs Vasey's aspiration to have all war widows living with dignity and security.\nThis entry was provided by Veronica Kratzmann, State Secretary of the War Widows' Guild of Australia (Queensland) Inc., April 2007.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-mean-destiny-the-story-of-the-war-widows-guild-of-australia-1945-85-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gaelic Football and Hurling Association of Australasia (Women's)", "Entry ID": "AWE2682", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gaelic-football-and-hurling-association-of-australasia-womens\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Gaelic Football was the preserve of men in Australia until 1994 when some Irish girls living in Sydney decided that anything the men could do they could do equally as well. With the support of their State association they organised games on an ad hoc basis and were successful to the extent that they played a demonstration game at the 1994 Australasian Championships. Much to the surprise (and delight) of spectators the game was of a very high standard and extremely well received.\nAs a result of the initiative in Sydney those visiting from interstate and New Zealand returned to their home bases and set out to develop women's football locally. The development was rapid and in 1995 the first women's football Australasian Championships were contested by New South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria and Aucklan, with New South Wales victorious. Subsequent to 1995, all affiliates have ongoing State leagues and their State teams have participated at the Championships\nPresently there are 30 teams playing in Perth, Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Auckland.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Bowls Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2683", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/bowls-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Bowls Australia is the governing body for lawn bowls players in Australia. Its vision is to deliver an exceptional sport and community development experience that is appealing, entertaining and accessible to all Australians.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Athletics Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2684", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/athletics-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Athletics Australia is the governing body for the sport of Athletics in Australia.\nIn 1897, the Australasian Athletic Union was established to coordinate the activities of the states. It was one of Australia's earliest national sporting organisations. It encompassed New Zealand and catered only for male athletes.\nIn 1928, New Zealand was separated and the name changed to the Amateur Athletic Union of Australia. In 1932, the Australian Women's Amateur Union was formed.\nIn 1977, the men's and women's unions amalgamated to form a united body. The first full-time officers were employed, which until then, had been run by honorary officers.\nIn 1989, the organisation changed its name to Athletics Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's National Basketball League", "Entry ID": "AWE2685", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-national-basketball-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Elite women's basketball competition in Australia is organised through the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). Over the years the success of the Australian Opals basketball team has been vitally linked to the success of the WNBL. The WNBL has seen the development of famous Opals such as Robyn Maher, Michele Timms, Karen Dalton, Rachel Sporn, Shelley Sandie, Julie Nykiel, Lauren Jackson and Penny Taylor.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tennis Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2686", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tennis-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Tennis Australia is the governing body of men's and women's tennis within Australia, linking to member associations throughout the country.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women's Football League", "Entry ID": "AWE2687", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-womens-football-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "When the Victorian Women's Football league was established in 1981 there were four teams competing in an open age competition. The League has developed significantly since then. In 2006 the competition had comprised of twenty-six teams representing twenty clubs across five playing divisions.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/game-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Squash Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2689", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/squash-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The sport of Squash has always been a popular social and competitive sport in Australia, enjoyed by people of all ages and both genders. The sport is supported at National, State and local levels by well organised tournaments and effective coaching and athlete pathways. Squash Australia is the governing body for squash in Australia.\nIts mission is 'To provide innovative leadership and direction for the growth and development of Squash in Australia.' It's vision is that:\n\nSquash will be a flourishing participant sport for people of all ages from all sectors of the Australian\ncommunity\nSquash will be a high profile sport in Australia, receiving extensive media coverage and maintaining\na high level of community awareness\nSquash facilities will be attractive, enticing, professionally operated and managed, and be financially\nviable\nAustralia will dominate squash internationally in terms of playing performance\nSquash will be effectively administered throughout Australia under the leadership of a financial strong national body (Squash Australia)\nSquash will be played in all major international (multi-sport) games.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hockey Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2690", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hockey-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Hockey Australia exists to provide Australians with the opportunity to play hockey from junior levels through elite competition, including the Olympic Games. Formed in November 2006 following the amalgamation of the Australian Hockey Association and Women's Hockey Australia the organisation is a full member of the International Hockey Federation (FIH). It comprises membership of all eight states and territories. Each state association is comprised of regional associations, which in turn are made up of clubs. In some states, clubs affiliate directly with the state body.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Surf Lifesaving Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2691", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/surf-lifesaving-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Established in 1907, Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) is Australia's major water safety and rescue authority and is one of the largest volunteer organisations in the country. Their mission is 'to provide a safe beach and aquatic environment throughout Australia.'\nWomen had an active involvement in surf-lifesaving for many years before 1980, when they eventually became eligible to become active patrolling members of the association.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Womensport and Recreation Association", "Entry ID": "AWE2693", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womensport-and-recreation-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Womensport and Recreation Association Inc (AWRA) is a volunteer not-for-profit organisation that was incorporated in 2005 to provide leadership and advocacy for Australian women and girls in sport and active recreation. As well as seeking to encourage the participations of women of all ages and abilities to participate in sporting and recreational pursuits, the AWRA seeks to encourage governments and sporting and recreation providers to develop strategies that will increase the numbers of women in leadership roles in the sport and recreation industries.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Womensport Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE2695", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womensport-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Womensport Queensland Association (WQA) was incorporated in 1994 following a successful inaugural year in 1993 under the banner of the Women' s Sports Foundation. It cam into being because its founding members believed that Queensland sportswomen deserved public acknowledgement of their achievements.\nUp until recently, the main aim of the organisation was to increase recognition of Queensland's sportswomen and their achievements. In 2007, the association plans to increase its advocacy role, by being 'leaders in inspiring and creating winning opportunities for Queensland women and girls in sport'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Womensport and Recreation Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE2696", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womensport-and-recreation-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Womensport and Recreation Victoria Incorporated (WSRV) is a non government, not for profit advocacy body, dedicated to enhancing the sport and physical recreation environment for women and facilitating opportunities for those wanting access to sport and recreation.\nWSRV attach importance to the significant contribution women make to the sport and physical recreation industry, are committed to the principles of gender equity in the design and delivery of all sport and physical activity opportunities. WSRV are committed to working with a variety of agencies to promote a broader choice of inclusive, equitable opportunities for women of varying social, physical and cultural backgrounds.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Womensport and Recreation New South Wales (NSW)", "Entry ID": "AWE2697", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womensport-and-recreation-new-south-wales-nsw\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Womensport and Recreation New South Wales (NSW) was formed in 1995 as a membership based non-government volunteer organisation to provide programs and services to increase female participating in all aspects of the sports industry. The organisation's major objectives are to improve the status of women and girls in sport, recreation and physical activity and to encourage increased participation in all facets of the sports industry.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Womensport West", "Entry ID": "AWE2698", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womensport-west\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Cricket Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2699", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-cricket-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Cricket has been played by women in Australia since 1874. Organised competitions have existed at State level since the early 1900's and National level since 1931\/32. The first International game was played in 1934\/35, against England.\nThe Australian Women's Cricket Council (AWCC) was formed in March, 1931 to administer and develop the game at the National level. The original members of AWCC were Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland with South Australia and Western Australia affiliating in 1934. Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania affiliated in 1977 and 1982 respectively. In recent times ACT has amalgamated with ACTCA and Tasmania disbanded in 1992 and reaffiliated in 1998.\nThe AWCC was incorporated under the Victorian Companies Code in 1973 being one of the first women's sporting bodies to incorporate and protect its members. It adopted the business name of Women's Cricket in Australia (Women's Cricket) in November 1995. In October, 1997 Women's Cricket changed its status to become an incorporated association Women's Cricket in Australia Inc.\nAustralia has been affiliated with the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC) since 1958 and is one of eleven countries currently involved in international competition. Australia is the No. 1 ranked international team in the world in both one day and Test Cricket. The first World Cup One Day Series was played by women in England in 1973, two years before the World Cricket concept began for men.\nThe official name of the National Australian Women's Cricket Team is the Southern Stars\n", "Details": "In late 2001, a decision by Women's Cricket Australia (Women's Cricket) and the Australian Cricket Board (ACB) to trial the integration of the two organisations took place.\nBoth organisations recognised that it was essential for the sport that as many people as possible from both genders are able to enjoy our game. It became increasingly apparent that having separate organisations undertaking similar roles worked against cricket realising its full potential to attract women and girls to the game. While both organisations were successful in the way they went about administering the sport under their jurisdiction, tackling the task of promoting cricket in this way inevitably resulted in the duplication of human and financial resources.\nIn order to overcome these issues and to maximise the use of cricket's resources, Women's Cricket and the ACB agreed to a two-year trial of the integration of their operations.\nThis approach saw the six key functional areas that both organisations must manage blended together to allow them to service the overall need for the game. These areas are Finance and Administration, Commercial Operations, Cricket Operations, Game Development, Legal Services and Public Affairs.\nIn embarking on this trial, both Women's Cricket and the ACB recognised that there were likely to be a number of issues that would arise that requiring careful and sensitive management.\nFor this reason, there was a transitional period of two years to smooth the process of integration.\nOverseeing the transition was a newly created Women's Cricket Advisory Committee chaired by the President of Women's Cricket. This Committee included three representatives from the ACB Board and people from each State and the ACT. This Committee was responsible for ensuring that the two bodies merged their operations without any loss of identity or importance for either organisation.\nOnce integrated Women's Cricket Australia became known simply as Women's Cricket, as a program of the Australian Cricket Board\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Cricket Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE2700", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cricket-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Women's Cricket Australia and the Australian Cricket Board joined forces in 2003 to become a single governing body for cricket in Australia. The new organisation was formed after a two year transitional period and was called Cricket Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St Mary's College, Gunnedah", "Entry ID": "AWE2705", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-marys-college-gunnedah\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Gunnedah, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "St Mary's College is a co-educational Catholic independent school situated in Gunnedah in the north-west region of New South Wales. Students are drawn from Gunnedah and the surrounding area for up to one hundred kilometres. Culturally the student body is relatively homogeneous, with the majority being from English-speaking Anglo backgrounds, with a small group of indigenous and Asian students.\nJudith Carney's St Mary's College Gunnedah: A Profile of the First Hundred Years 1879 - 1979 presents the story of the foundation and growth of St Mary's College, Gunnedah, and the work of the Sisters of Mercy of Gunnedah Congregation who founded, staffed and managed it during the first hundred years of its existence.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adelaide Hockey Club", "Entry ID": "AWE2709", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-hockey-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Adelaide Hockey Club was formed in late 1981, after ten years of sharing of playing fields and change rooms became formalised by the amalgamation of the Sturt (men's) Aroha (women's) and Sturt (men's) clubs . It is one of the largest and most successful hockey Clubs in South Australia with over 300 members playing both the Junior and Senior competition.\n", "Details": "Formed at a meeting on May 3rd 1906 , the Aroha Women's Hockey Club was created as an offshoot of the Goodwood Baptist Church young ladies bible class, open to young women in the church over 16 years of age. The name Aroha means love and friendship in Tahitian. Aroha had not at first intended to play any matches, but as the club mastered the rudiments of the game, it was felt that the level of interest would increase if matches were played. The opening match was played against the local Methodist Club, and the first annual report of 1907 records the pleasure team members felt in inflicting a defeat of 9 goals to nil.\nThe club joined the South Australian Women's Hockey Association in 1909. The club had an enviable record in its 74 seasons existence, playing in 51 A grade finals between 1909 and 1980, winning 26 of these.\nAroha set many precedents. It was the first club to throw away the old school tunic and play in a divided skirt. Aroha led the way in fielding junior teams. In its first season, the junior team won one game 20 goals to nil. Of the club's many State and Australian representatives, the most honoured was Evelyn (\"Taz\") Tazewell, who captained SA for 16 years from 1920 and was All-Australian 19 times.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-hockey-club-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aroha-hockey-club\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne University Sport", "Entry ID": "AWE2711", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-university-sport\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sports organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ladies Literary Society", "Entry ID": "AWE2720", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ladies-literary-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Writers Group", "Summary": "In 1911, 32 women came together to form a Literary Society. They were intelligent, creative and active women who contributed significantly to the social and cultural life of Brisbane at the time. These women were not only writers but worked in many charitable, feminist and cultural spheres. They were travellers and observers. They contributed to the Comforts Fund in World War I and were active in women's suffrage movements. Some held a prominent social status by virtue of their husbands' occupations in academia, medicine, law, civil service and the professions, but - until recently - little was known of the contribution of the women themselves. Jean Stewart's Scribblers: A Ladies Literary Society in Brisbane, 1911 was published in 2007 by Kingswood Press.\n", "Details": "Members of Scribblers, 1911-1912\n\nMary Elkington\nChristina Corrie\/Thynne\nCaroline, Lady Macartney\nHermiene Ulrich\/Parnell\nMary Cullen\nEvelyn Drury\nLucy Wilton Love\nChristina Sandford Jackson\nMary Gibson\nTrucaninni Corrie\nAnnie Turner\nZina Cumbrae-Stewart\nKatherine Needham\nSelina Rivers\nKate Lilley\nLilian Cholmeley\nJane Bourne\nDr Eleanor Bourne\nJessie Murphy\nNaomi Waugh\nEdith Dickson\nKate Gall\nGetrude Pattinson\nAmy Steele\nLillian Bernays\nElizabeth Baker\nGrace Bond\nMaria Lightoller\nAmy Norton\nEva Hockings\/McLay\nEdith Wassell\nMary, Lady MacGregor\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Australian Women's Weekly", "Entry ID": "AWE3520", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-australian-womens-weekly\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Magazine", "Summary": "Launched in 1933, the Australian Women's Weekly is the most widely read magazine in the history of Australian publishing. The brainchild of George Warnecke, who was editor-in-chief of the magazine 1933-1938, the Weekly was originally owned and operated by Douglas Frank Hewson Packer, entrepreneur and newspaper proprietor, and Edward Granville (Ted) Theodore, former Federal Treasurer and Deputy Prime Minister in the Scullin Government. As a 'women's interests' publication, the Weekly offers feature articles on lifestyle, home decoration, cooking, fashion and beauty, parenthood, health and wellbeing, and current affairs. Today it enjoys a readership of 2.5 million, including well over half a million men, and it forms an important part of the Australian Consolidated Press holdings.\n", "Details": "In November 1932, Frank Packer and Ted Theodore purchased the World, a struggling afternoon newspaper owned and operated by the Australian Workers' Union in Sydney, and re-branded it as the Star. Approached by Sir Hugh Denison, who enjoyed a monopoly over the Sydney newspaper market, they were offered \u00a386,500 to close the paper if they agreed not to publish a morning, evening or Sunday newspaper within a 300-mile radius of the city for three years. Packer and Theodore accepted the offer, but the Weekly was a way of skirting the embargo: it would be a women's newspaper, and it would be self-sufficient. George Warnecke envisioned the Weekly as a publication with an Australian outlook; appealing to all sections of society; and offering an element of news in every article, whether it concern fashion, cookery, or parenting. When the first issue appeared in Sydney on June 10, 1933, it was printed in black-and-white newspaper format and priced at twopence per copy: 'the biggest value in the world'. It had sold out by lunchtime.\nThe Weekly was an instant hit. A Victorian edition was launched as early as September 1933. A South Australian edition followed in 1934; a Tasmanian edition in 1935; and a Western Australian edition in 1936. By 1937, New Zealand had its own edition. A special Women's Weekly radio session was broadcast in 1934, first on 2UW Sydney, then 2GB. Listeners could tune in from 2pm every week day with Dorothea Vautier. That same year, the magazine boosted sales with its new Homemaker section, reflecting widespread interest in the material quality of home life. By the middle of the decade it was offering readers a free novella - usually a romance story - with every copy. With the Australian Woman's Mirror, Woman's Budget and New Idea as its main competitors, the Weekly came to dominate the market.\nEarly editions of the Weekly bravely and critically broached the subject of the status of women in Australian society. A series called Careers For Women encouraged women to consider all sorts of employment opportunities: as lawyers, chemists, or even engineers. In addition to the more predictable fashion pages and social notes, the publication included book and theatre reviews, stories of women of achievement, and articles that 'sniped at the prevailing sexism' or advocated equal pay. It was careful, though, not to move too far from social orthodoxy, and when Alice Jackson was appointed acting editor in 1934, the Weekly became 'more feminine, less feminist'. Jackson was a trained teacher who had worked for the Sunday Times and the Daily Guardian, where she introduced her Shopping Bureau advice column, before joining the staff of the Weekly during its first year of operation. Historian Denis O'Brien notes that, although the Weekly had been launched by Warnecke as a 'straightforward women's newspaper\u2026, the Women's Weekly of random nostalgia, satire and affectionate anecdote is mostly that of Alice Jackson's creation'. Light-hearted material, such as the enduringly popular Mandrake the Magician comic, found favour from 1934 onward. Jackson's style must have struck a chord: sales climbed by 60,000 in her first year as editor.\nWith Jackson at the helm, Warnecke was free to travel to Europe to explore new printing technologies, and to investigate the latest developments in women's papers abroad. From this vantage point, he offered regular reports on world affairs in the lead-up to World War Two. O'Brien finds that 'topical, first-hand reporting of that sort from abroad was unique in Australian women's publications; it even gave the Weekly an edge over daily newspaper rivals'. In 1936, Packer and Theodore imported a new high-spiced colour printing press from the United States at a cost of \u00a3130,000. Circulation had increased to half a million within a few years.\nFrom its inception, the Weekly was keen to emphasise the number of women journalists on its staff. Adele (Tilly) Shelton Smith joined the Melbourne office in 1933, later moving to Adelaide, then Sydney. In 1938, Dorothy Drain and Esme Fenston joined. Both women would go on to enjoy lengthy careers at the Weekly; both went on to take up the position of editor (Fenston for two decades); and both were instrumental to the development of the publication. Other well known women journalists of the era were Jean Williamson, Eve Gye and Joyce Bowden. The Weekly did have a male news editor, Leslie Haylen, who left in 1942 to enter politics.\nIn the years before the war, the Weekly tended to divert attention from the inevitable, and softened war-related news items. From mid-1939 it was even publishing a separate monthly fashion supplement. Once fighting had commenced in earnest, it did offer regular reports on the events of war; it consistently provided patterns for readers to sew socks for soldiers; and it published rousing poetry by Dame Mary Gilmore, including the immensely popular No Foe Shall Gather Our Harvest (1940) and Singapore (1942). It was careful, though, to retain its positive tone. The Weekly was 'unashamedly propagandist\u2026 Daily newspapers could depict the carnage; the Weekly was there with a cheering cup of tea for the survivors'. Good news was emphasised; themes of service and patriotism constantly reiterated. Reports were published from London under the name of Mary St Claire, who was, in fact, several persons, but primarily the journalist Anne Matheson. From October 1940 to September 1945, Adele Shelton Smith's regular section, Letters From Our Boys, gained enormous popularity. Shelton Smith became the first accredited female correspondent from Australia to be sent to Malaya, and filed reports for the Weekly designed to reassure wives and mothers that their boys were in fine shape with high morale. In the event, some criticised her writing (and Bill Brindle's photographs - particularly one of a smiling taxi dancer wearing a Digger's hat) for making it look as if the boys were having far too good a time. Shelton Smith was deeply upset by this interpretation of her journalism, but the matter found some resolution later. Alice Jackson, too, was given accredited war correspondent status and sent regular reports from abroad.\nDuring wartime, resources developed for the Weekly despite printing restrictions, and it began publishing coloured photographic covers. By mid-1946 it was selling 700,000 copies per week. In fact, the Weekly 'became something of a textbook on post-war domestic rehabilitation', offering advice on house plans and home furnishings. It also began to focus heavily on fashion, employing Mary Hordern (younger sister of Gretel Packer, Frank's wife) as a fashion contributor, and holding four annual Paris fashion parades between 1946-1949. From 1947, Dorothy Drain began penning her own column, 'It Seems To Me'. It remained a popular feature of the magazine for sixteen years.\nIn 1950, the Weekly published a serialised version of Nevil Shute's A Town Like Alice. That same year, Alice Jackson resigned as editor of the Weekly and Esme Fenston took over. Fenston was, writes O'Brien, a woman of above-average intelligence but unassuming character: 'everything in her professional and private background was orthodox, stable and firmly planted in simple virtues'. Throughout the 1950s, the magazine adopted a safe, unthreatening tone, while 'the emancipated woman had almost disappeared' from its pages. Emphasis was once again squarely on the family, and notions of the ideal wife and mother. Sales did not suffer for this, and circulation reached 800,000. Fenston introduced the Weekly national portraiture prize in 1955. Anything on the subject of the royal family guaranteed sales, and a special edition of the magazine in 1954 showcasing images from Queen Elizabeth's royal visit sold 950,000 copies. Sales following her second visit in 1963 reached one million - features on the Queen outranked the Beatles in popularity.\nLike Fenston, the Weekly had spent its formative years immersed in orthodoxy, and though the decade of the 1950s was and is famous for a certain amount of parochialism, there were a number of societal shifts underway that required some innovative thinking at the publishing house. To begin with, the role of editor began to call upon substantial entrepreneurial skill. Balance sheets had to add up; advertising quotas were of paramount importance. The Weekly was popular with advertisers - its influence was strongly felt - and it was often used to peddle a particular message. When the Australian fruit market experienced a glut of oranges, the Weekly ran competitions for recipes containing oranges. It promoted Australian wool with a series of fashion awards. It ran competitions for domestic budgeting. It 1951 it managed to popularise square-dancing by holding a national contest with prize money of \u00a36,000.\nFenston was juggling market pressures, but she was also juggling a changing readership. An increasing percentage of the population was aged under 21, and the Weekly needed to appeal to younger readers. From 1954, a separate Teenager supplement was included with the magazine. By 1959, Teenagers' Weekly had been launched as a lift-out. As the 1960s ushered in new attitudes about marriage, families, women and sexual relationships, those simple virtues so valued by Fenston and others were constantly challenged. In essence, the magazine remained fairly conservative with continuing features on diets, cooking, knitting, hairdos, beauty, gardening, and children. With time, though, it had to be less careful about adopting a moral stand on subjects like sex before marriage, or cohabitation between unmarried couples. Public curiosity about sex was burgeoning, and the Weekly's lift-outs on health and medicine shifted their focus accordingly. An article on the contraceptive pill in 1964 peaked circulation numbers for the decade. Fenston herself suggested a long feature that same year on sexual knowledge among girls and women, asking readers 'what do you tell your daughter?' and 'what did your mother tell you?'.\nThe focus on attracting younger readers continued, and by 1974 the Weekly was said to be read by 54% of Australian girls aged between 14 and 19 years. Even knitting patterns were aimed at teenagers. A Disc Digest column discussed pop records, and an American comic strip, Teena, was popular. More adventurous feature articles found favour throughout the 1970s, including this one - Sex and the Working Woman - in November 1974:\nThere's good news and bad news about the sex life of the working woman. The good news is she's never been as free to enjoy it, however, whenever, wherever, and, presumably, with whomever she pleases. The bad news is she seems not to be taking advantage of the good news\u2026 Despite what you hear at the hairdresser or read in the marriage manuals, there is a growing suspicion that the working woman is giving more and more time and effort to the call of duty and less and less to the joys of sex.\nThe employment of feminist and journalist Kay Keavney from 1965 made for a refreshing shift in tone in some editions of the Weekly: Keavney was a specialist in feminist affairs, and secured an exclusive interview with Germaine Greer for the magazine in 1972. Despite this, the magazine as a whole kept its traditional flavour, discussing homes, fashion, and gardens, and publishing romantic serials. An article entitled '1,000 Authentic Aboriginal Words' in 1975 did not lead into any kind of political discussion around the country's indigenous population. Rather, it was a list of words in various Aboriginal dialects that translated to mean 'camp', 'fireplace', 'river', 'seaside' etc, that readers might like to use when naming their homes according to topographical location. On the subject of women's rights, the magazine was distinctly cautious in approach and often came under attack by women activists who found copious examples of sexism and anti-feminism in its back issues. Yet the Weekly had come to its prominent position precisely by keeping to majority tastes, not by stirring controversy, and this was a strategy that it was reluctant to dispense with. Fenston defended its editorial policy not to enter into party politics: this did not imply that women were uninterested or incapable of understanding politics, she said, but simply that the magazine sought to attract mass circulation and was therefore obliged to select material 'of the broadest appeal'. Decisions on the choice of articles were, she pointed out, always made by women, and the magazine continued to publish features on married women and work, for example, or the position of women in the workforce.\nEsme Fenston died in 1972; Frank Packer followed just two years later. There was some continuity with the employment of Dorothy Drain as editor, but she held the position for just five years before retiring, and the Weekly entered a new phase. In 1975, a young Ita Buttrose was appointed as editor, passing the baton to Dawn Swain just one year later upon her promotion as editor-in-chief of women's publications at Consolidated Press. Meanwhile, the Weekly was increasingly challenged by competition for advertising from the new colour television. This, coupled with uneconomic use of newsprint and a large page size, meant the publication was in financial trouble. With Kerry Packer at the helm of the organisation, the decision was made in 1979 to convert the magazine to a square-backed glossy publication using coated paper from Finland, with pages glued to a spine instead of stapled.\nBy 1980, the Weekly was selling for 50c a copy, and included a regular television supplement. That year the magazine also included an innovative editorial feature, The Voice of the Australian Women, canvassing the responses of 30,000 women to a questionnaire around abortion, national service, the dole, health funds and education. Special editions of the Weekly on the marriage of Prince Charles and Princess Diana in 1981 sold in unprecedented numbers. Nonetheless, in the face of rising costs, it was decided in 1983 to release the magazine as a monthly publication while retaining the name of the Australian Women's Weekly. Today, under the editorship of Deborah Thomas, and with a circulation of 530,000, the Weekly continues as one of Australia's most popular magazines.\n", "Events": "Continuous Publication (1933 - )", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-weekly-a-lively-and-nostalgic-celebration-of-australia-through-50-years-of-its-most-popular-magazine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/75-years-of-the-australian-womens-weekly-memories-and-great-moments-from-australias-most-loved-magazine\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-weeklys-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-pages-australian-women-and-journalism-since-1850-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1922-1982-manuscript-on\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Canberra Women's Bowling Club", "Entry ID": "AWE3957", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-womens-bowling-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Kingston, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Inaugurated on October 10th, 1957, the Canberra Women's Bowling Club was the first all women's bowling club in Canberra. Prior to its formation, only the wives or sisters of Canberra City Bowling Club members could play the sport, so one aim of the women's club was to open it to more participants.\nLocated on Wentworth Avenue, in the Canberra suburb of Kingston, the first green was installed in 1958 and the second in 1969. The clubhouse was officially opened on 25th February 1961. Until the opening of the Kingston green and clubhouse, members played on the Parliament House green, at the Canberra Bowling Club and on the private green at the Victoria Hotel in Queanbeyan.\nThe Canberra Women's Bowling Club's closure in 1992 was occasioned by dwindling membership and inflation. Membership peaked during the 1960s at about 136 and later dropped to 46.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/growing-with-the-capital-a-history-of-the-canberra-city-bowling-club-1928-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fifty-years-at-souths-a-short-history-of-canberra-south-bowling-clubs\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0001-canberra-womens-bowling-club-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian National University Women's History Group", "Entry ID": "AWE3958", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-national-university-womens-history-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic Organisation", "Summary": "The ANU Women's History Group operated from 1982 to 1987. The Group held regular meetings and talks on various aspects of Women's History. It also sent out monthly newsletters which kept members in touch with other activities, for instance, the Feminism Year at the Humanities Research Centre of the ANU in 1986.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hmss-0060-anu-womens-history-group-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Workers' Educational Association of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE3960", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/workers-educational-association-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Death Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational Association, Workers' Association", "Summary": "The Workers' Educational Association (W.E.A.) of Queensland was formed in Brisbane in 1913 after the visit of Albert Mansbridge, the founder of the Association in Great Britain. Its aim was to bring extra-mural university education to the working class. Of the first thirty-eight people that enrolled, fourteen of them were women, with feminist and socialist Emma Miller being one of them. Women soon outnumbered men in most of the classes, particularly those that were concerned with leisure activities. \nThe W.E.A. was disbanded by the state government in 1939 for allegedly supporting subversive activities, although its membership list indicates that most of the members were women who wanted to learn how to enhance their leisure time. Having said that, it did operate as a forum for the discussion and promotion of new ideas. For instance, Marion Piddington delivered a series of her innovative sex education lectures to the association in 1928.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/om64-13-workers-educational-association-of-queensland-records-1913-1932\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Militant Women's Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE3977", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/militant-womens-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Militant Women's Movement was the preferred name of the Central Women's department of the Communist Party of Australia. It's official publication was the newsletter\/journal The Working Woman. was first published in 1928.\nThe Movement's activities included: organising women's conferences in Sydney and Melbourne; organising demonstrations and disrupting public meetings convened by bourgeois women's organisations; activity in the Women's Unemployed Worker's Movement and the Militant Minority Movement and running candidates for municipal and State elections. They organised the first Australian International Women's Day rally in Sydney on March 25, 1928.\nMembership included such women as Jean Thompson, Joy Higgins, Edna Ryan, Hetty Weitzel (Ross), Mary Lamm (Wright), Edna Cavanagh and Alice McConville.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-australia-an-annotated-guide-to-records-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-international-womens-day-in-words-and-images\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reason-in-revolt-source-documents-of-australian-radicalism\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-woman-worker\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mary-wright-interviewed-by-richard-raxworthy-in-the-labor-council-of-new-south-wales-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Broken Hill Munitions Annexe", "Entry ID": "AWE4103", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-hill-munitions-annexe\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Broken Hill Munitions Annexe opened in 1942 for the manufacture of wartime munitions and employed dozens of Broken Hill women.\n", "Details": "Mirroring a trend that took place throughout Australia, unprecedented levels of female participation in the workforce were attained in Broken Hill during World War II. A significant employer of women in wartime was the Munitions Factory that opened in Broken Hill in 1942. In January 1941, members of Broken Hill's peak union body, the Barrier Industrial Council, and of the Unemployed Union organised a demonstration in favour of the establishment of a factory in order to create jobs. The project to build Munitions Factory received the financial support of the Mining Managers' Association on condition that the building be used to house a permanent trade annexe after the war. From September 1941 the site for the building in the Duke of Cornwall Reserve was leased to the Broken Hill Technical College by the mining companies, and building commenced in June of the following year.\nIn August 1942, a Women's Employment Office was established at the Broken Hill Court House, and married women were also able to register for employment, despite a long-standing and strictly abided union policy that women would not work after marrying. The factory opened in November, employing over 300 women and 80 men to create nose cone assemblies for 25-pound shells. When interviewed by the Barrier Miner newspaper, the manager of the factory, Mr J. L. Mayson, assured its readers that there was \"no strain attached to the work\" and that the \"work standard [was] quite within the reach of an average girl\". The women employed were responsible for overseeing the smooth operation of the machinery and for checking the quality of the finished part. Photos of the women at work supervising the munitions machines and on their lunch break in the canteen give a strong impression of the sense of pride, enjoyment and accomplishment that these women would have experience. (see Gallery Tab)\nIn 1946, the building was handed over to the Technical College and became know as the Broken Hill Technical College Annexe.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-outstanding-women-of-broken-hill-and-district\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/broken-hill-a-pictorial-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/managers-praise-for-the-broken-hill-ammunition-factory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unbroken-spirit-women-in-broken-hill\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-the-broken-hill-technical-college-advisory-committee\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "U3A Warrani Chorale", "Entry ID": "AWE4108", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/u3a-warrani-chorale\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's Musical Group", "Summary": "The U3A Warrani Chorale is a choir for senior women organised by volunteers, which is affiliated with the University of the Third Age, Australian Capital Territory. It was established in 1998 by its musical director and conductor, Pixie Gray, OAM, and its piano accompanist, Barbara Hall, OAM, and provides tuition in vocal and choral techniques and musicianship to its members. It holds annual free public concerts, as well as regularly performing at events organised by a wide range of community organizations. Its repertoire is drawn from a range of musical styles such as madrigals, classical, modern and sacred music, spirituals, ballads, folk songs and jazz, all usually sung in four part harmony. In 2006 it participated in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Choir of the Year competition. Its name, 'Warrani', is derived from an Aboriginal word for 'to sing'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-u3a-warrani-chorale\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Anglican Deaconess Institution Sydney Limited", "Entry ID": "AWE4157", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-anglican-deaconess-institution-sydney-limited\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Established in Sydney by Reverend Mervyn Archdale and his wife Martha (who was familiar with the Kaiserwerth deaconess movement in Germany), the Church of England Deaconess Institution began training women 'towards evangelization and furtherance of women's work in the church' in 1891.\nNow called the Anglican Deaconess Institution Sydney Limited, the vision of the institution remains much as it was at the time of its first intake, that is: 'Under the leadership of Jesus Christ, to be the nation's most effective Christian organisation for equipping women to spread the gospel and for reaching out to those in need.'\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/caught-for-life-the-story-of-the-anglican-deaconess-order-in-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Society of the Sacred Advent", "Entry ID": "AWE4159", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-the-sacred-advent\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "The Society of the Sacred Advent is an Anglican religious order founded in 1892 by Caroline Amy Balguy (later to be known as Mother Caroline). She migrated from England to do the job at the request of the Reverend Stone-Wigg, Vicar of St John's Pro-Cathedral in Brisbane, Queensland, who saw the need for an Anglican religious order for women in Brisbane. In its early days, the Society of the Sacred Advent focused on ministering to the needs of women and children. It established several schools and children's homes throughout Queensland in order to advance its mission\nThe Society still has two girls' schools located in Brisbane; St Margaret's and St Aidan's. Although the Sisters are no longer involved in the day-to-day running of the schools, two Sisters remain active on each of the School Councils.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-society-of-the-sacred-advent\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-short-history-of-the-society-of-the-sacred-advent-1892-1942-with-a-foreword-by-the-archbishop-of-brisbane\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crawford-emma-1864-1939\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/society-of-sacred-advent-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Dominican Sisters of Cabra", "Entry ID": "AWE4180", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dominican-sisters-of-cabra\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "In 1868 Bishop Sheil of Adelaide requested the assistance of the Dominican Sisters of Cabra to set up a secondary school for the daughters of the early white settlers of Adelaide, South Australia. A school, with provision for boarders, opened at Franklin Street Adelaide in 1869. The school continues to exist today at different premises and under the name of Cabra Dominican College.\n", "Details": "Financially challenged, almost from the outset, the Dominican Sisters of Cabra in South Australia experienced anxiety and upheaval, particularly at the time of Mary McKillop's excommunication in 1871. When both Bishop Sheil and Mother Theresa Moore died in 1872, the seven sisters thought seriously about heading back to their homeland, Ireland.\nCardinal Cullen, Archbishop of Dublin urged the Irish Cabra Sisters to send out their best nuns to save the faltering foundation. Sisters Columba Boylan and Catherine Kavanagh arrived in Adelaide in 1875. Under their capable leadership the order was revived. Cabra College and Boarding School were opened in 1886, St. Roses, Kapunda 1892, Star of the Sea, Semaphore 1899, Holy Rosary Convent, Glenelg 1902, Mount St. Catherine Mt. Lofty 1947, St. Albert's Loxton 1956, Holy Cross Convent Ringwood, Victoria 1960. To all of these convents, schools were attached both on the convent sites and in the adjoining parishes.\nToday all these convents have been closed and in some cases the schools have taken them over. Cabra has a new convent for the Sisters and other houses have been opened as new challenges and apostolates emerge.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sophia-womens-spirituality-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/veritas-souvenir-of-golden-jubilee-of-dominican-nuns-in-south-australia-1868-1918\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/living-the-truth-the-dominican-sisters-in-south-australia-1868-1958\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-dominican-sisters-of-cabra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sophia", "Entry ID": "AWE4181", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sophia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Sophia is an ecumenical women's spirituality centre, which opened at Cumberland Park, in Adelaide, South Australia in 1991. Although founded by the Dominican nuns of the Holy Cross parish, Sophia embraces spirituality in its broadest sense. Teaching, activities and counselling are arranged by the centre, which describes itself as 'a circle of women, not an institution'. The members are committed to nurturing the spirituality of those who come to the centre, in celebrating together, and in working constructively for justice.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sophia-womens-spirituality-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soundingsophia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart", "Entry ID": "AWE4183", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-of-st-joseph-of-the-sacred-heart\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Known as the Josephites or the 'Brown Joeys' (on account of the brown habits they wore), the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart were founded in Penola, South Australia in 1866 by a teacher, Mary MacKillop, and an English priest, Reverend Julian E Tenison Woods. Both were concerned about the needs of children in remote areas growing up without Catholic education or religious training.\nUnique to their ministry was their view that, to do their best work, members of their flock needed to move out of the convents and into the community. This belief, in effect, saw the Sisters adopt an administrative structure which eventually saw Mary McKillop excommunicated in 1871. The order was removed in February of 1872, and a full Episcopal investigation of the order cleared her of any wrong-doing. It did, however, impress upon her the need to obtain higher authority to conduct her ministry in the way she saw fit.\nIn 1873-74, Mary MacKillop went to Rome to seek approval for what was, essentially, a cloisterless organisation of women religious. She returned victorious, with Constitutions for this new and different kind of religious institute in hand, a document that defined an administrative structure specifically suited to Australian conditions. It allowed for the sisters to leave their convent and serve the poor in the districts where they lived.\nEven today, Josephites live among ordinary people in houses of two or three providing education and support for the children and families living in rural areas as well as the cities.\n", "Details": "The Josephite's administrative structure was\/is very different from what preceded it. The Constitutions provided for groups of convents and schools arranged in provinces administered by a Superior General with a Council. Each of the provinces was then administered by a provincial, delegate of the Superior General. This form of administration, known as central government, was distinct from other institutes under diocesan control, with the bishop as ecclesiastical superior.\nThis difference created problems for their sustained existence in some locations. The sisters were obliged to leave Bathurst, New South Wales in 1876 and the entire state of Queensland by 1980, due to the respective Bishop's refusal to accept central government of the Institute.\nIn 1888, a decree from Rome constituted the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart as an approved Regular Congregation with a Mother House in Sydney, New South Wales.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-female-refuge-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-margarets-hospital-darlinghurst-n-s-w-records-1894-1998\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Female Refuge", "Entry ID": "AWE4184", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-female-refuge\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Mitcham, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's refuge", "Summary": "The Catholic Female Refuge in Adelaide was established in Mitcham in in 1856 to shelter girls who were in 'moral danger'. Its 'clients' soon extended beyond girls to women who also needed support. In exchange for care and shelter, women and girls assisted with the sewing and laundry work which helped to provide an income for the refuge. Some women remained at there for years as 'Magdalens' working and praying with the nuns. \nFrom 1868 to 1962 Josephite nuns ran the refuge, which moved to Norwood in 1872, and into new premises at Fullarton in 1901. The institution continues to function today as a women's housing co-operative.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-female-refuge-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Ursulines", "Entry ID": "AWE4192", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-ursulines\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Ursuline order of nuns dates back to the sixteenth century when Angela Merici founded them in the northern Italian town of Brescia in 1535. Its presence in Australia dates back to 1872, when twelve of their order travelled from England to Armidale in New South Wales, at the invitation of Elzear Torreggiani - Bishop of Armidale. Knowing full well the Ursulines commitment to providing quality, Catholic education to girls, he requested that they join him in his quest to spread the word and teach the young in remote New South Wales. Thus began their influence in Australia, which is particularly strong in New South Wales and south east Queensland.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/this-land-of-promise-the-ursuline-order-in-australia-1882-1982\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-ursulines-of-the-roman-union\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sisters of the Good Samaritan", "Entry ID": "AWE4193", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-of-the-good-samaritan\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Institute of the Sisters of the Good Samaritan of the Order of St Benedict was founded by Archbishop Polding at Pitt Street, Sydney on 2 February, 1857. It was the first institute of religious women founded in Australia. Until 1866 the sisters were called Good Shepherd Sisters but the title was changed to avoid confusion with an older order of the same name.\n", "Details": "The people most in need in Sydney, in 1857, in the eyes of Archbishop Polding, were the destitute women of Sydney. With the aim of relieving their suffering he gathered together five women and formed a new religious congregation which he named the Sisters of the Good Samaritan of the Order of St Benedict. Their specific ministries were the care of needy women and the education of children, although Polding also wanted them to engage in general works of charity. \nThe Sisters began working in a women's refuge in Carters' Barracks, an old building once used as a prison in Pitt Street, Sydney. They visited the sick and the poor and looked after orphans, initially at Parramatta, then at Manly and finally at Narellan from 1910. The work begun at the refuge in Pitt Street was continued at St Magdalene's Retreat, Tempe, in Sydney, where the Sisters looked after girls committed to their care by the courts. Opened in 1887, Tempe closed almost 100 years later in 1983. \nEducation was always a major area of activity for the Sisters of the Good Samaritan. The first school was set up in Sussex Street in the heart of Sydney in 1861. Later other schools were established in NSW and throughout Australia. Now, there are ten incorporated college across Australia, and one in Japan.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-good-sams-sisters-of-the-good-samaritan-1857-1969\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-sisters-of-the-good-samaritan-one-hundred-years-on-the-cooks-river-1885-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/documents-and-resource-material-relating-to-the-episcopacy-of-archbishop-john-bede-polding-osb\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-wheeling-years-sisters-of-the-good-samaritan-1857-1957\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/only-love-survives-the-story-of-the-sisters-of-the-good-samaritan-in-queensland-1900-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-of-the-good-samaritan-manly-a-centenary-of-christian-education\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-sisters-of-the-good-samaritan\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-sisters-of-the-good-samaritan-convent-arncliffe-1877-1948-microform\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Faithful Companions of Jesus in Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE4241", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/faithful-companions-of-jesus-in-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Richmond, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation", "Summary": "The order of the Faithful Companions of Jesus Sisters (FCJ Sisters) was founded in Amiens in France in 1820 by Marie Madeleine de Bonnault d'Ho\u00fcet.\nThey arrived in Australia in response to requests from local priests for assistance in establishing a viable Catholic School system. The Education Act of 1872 spelt the end of government financial support for all religious and independent schools which meant that if the Catholic Church wanted to maintain existing schools and establish new schools, it had to find all necessary finance. The priests and bishops sought help from religious communities overseas.\nIn June 1882, 12 FCJ sisters arrived in Melbourne, Victoria where they soon founded a school in the inner city suburb of Richmond. Vaucluse College FCJ was soon at capacity, so land was purchased in Kew, to the east. They built a new convent and boarding school which marked the establishment of Genazzano FCJ College. In 1900 the Sisters set up a school in Benalla called FCJ College and in 1968 founded Stella Maris Convent and boarding school in Frankston, Victoria. The Stella Maris Convent and Vaucluse College FCJ have since closed.\nIn recent years, FCJ sisters have engaged in ministry abroad, in such places as Sierra Leone, Bolivia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Romania, as well as in remote communities in Australia, such as the Kimberley.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-sisters-faithful-companions-of-jesus\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dominican Sisters of Eastern Australia and Solomon Islands", "Entry ID": "AWE4250", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dominican-sisters-of-eastern-australia-and-solomon-islands\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Maitland, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Catholic Diocese of Maitland was established in 1886 with the Right Rev Dr James Murray serving as Bishop. Presiding over the spiritual well-being of Catholics residing in a geographic area that spread north all the way to the Queensland border and west as far as far as could be reached, Bishop Murray knew the task was enormous, much too big for the Sisters of the Good Samaritan, who arrived in the area two years earlier, to deal with on their own. \nRecognising the tradition of the Dominicans as educators, and acknowledging Catholic education in the diocese as a priority, he called upon their Irish leaders to support a long term plan. Dominican Sisters provided a unique possibility. Not only could they continue the work of the schools for the less fortunate, as did the Josephites and Good Samaritan Sisters, but they could also educate young women who would have the financial backing and social standing to become the first of generations of Catholic teachers for the people of the Maitland Diocese.\n", "Details": "Upon the arrival of the Dominicans, the Good Samaritans left and returned to Sydney. For the next eight years, the Dominicans remained the only Congregation of women in the Maitland diocese. Within fifty years their ranks grew to include a further twenty-six Irish women and 138 Australian Sisters. They had founded communities and schools in Maitland, Newcastle, Tamworth, Sydney, Moss Vale and Mayfield and set up a school for children with impaired hearing at Waratah.\nIn contemporary times the range of activities of the Dominican Sisters of Eastern Australia and Solomon Islands has expanded beyond New South Wales to include ministering in the A.C.T., Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania and the Solomon Islands. Australian and Solomon Islands Sisters are involved in education at all levels, administration and research; country and city parish ministry; hospital and university chaplaincy; in nursing and family planning; retreat centres and spiritual direction; pastoral care, counselling and welfare; working among aboriginal and migrant communities; with the materially poor, with those who have a physical or intellectual handicap, drug and alcohol dependency and Aids; with the homeless; with those in prison and their children and with asylum seekers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/website-of-the-dominican-sisters-of-eastern-australia-and-solomon-islands\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dominican-pioneers-in-new-south-wales\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ancient-tradition-new-world-dominican-sisters-in-eastern-australia-1867-1958\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-dominican-sisters-of-eastern-australia-and-the-solomon-islands\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Deaconess Order in South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE4253", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-deaconess-order-in-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Methodist Order of Deaconesses was established in 1942 as a result of the inability of the Methodist Church in Australia to implement the principle affirmed at the General Conference in 1929 that women who believed that they were called by God to a wider (professional) ministry in the Church than was available to them at that time, could offer as candidates for the ministry under the same regulations as men.\nIts establishment led to marked changes in the opportunities available to women in the life of the church. Significantly, it offered structure, support and status for women's ministry by providing a professional pathway. It created opportunities for women's ministry at home, not just in international mission fields. By helping to create a context whereby men and women worked together, it enabled the Methodist Church to come to the view that women had a place in the ordained ministry.\n", "Details": "The idea of establishing a Deaconess Order in South Australia was mooted as early at 1922 by the Reverend John Pearce, superintendent of the Home Mission Department. The 1935 General Conference decisions to establish such as order found a most enthusiastic supporter in Kate Cocks, who was well known in South Australia as an advocate on behalf of women and children's rights and welfare. A study trip to New Zealand to investigate the work of Deaconesses in that country convinced her of the need for a similar organisation in South Australia. Her recommendations were endorsed at the Annual Conference in 1937. Although the outbreak of war delayed further decisions, it also highlighted the need for women's ministry and a training institute to support it, as women rushed to fill the gaps left by men who went off to fight. But in 1942, the order was established.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-methodist-deaconess-order-in-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Inland Mission", "Entry ID": "AWE4255", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-inland-mission\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Central and Northern Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Religious organisation, Social support organisation", "Summary": "In the early twentieth century, white Australians began to push settlement into remote regions in Northern Australia. Concerns about the type of society that such a harsh environment might produce were a real concern to Europeans. How could a balanced and healthy society develop in such an isolated, masculine environment? The Australian Inland Mission (AIM) was established in 1912 to help alleviate these concerns.\nOn the advice of some women who lived, or had lived, in the 'outback', a Presbyterian minister, Reverend John Flynn, travelled widely in the Northern Territory, surveying conditions in 1912 and speaking to residents who appeared to be in it for the long haul. As he visited people where he found them, nearly all men, he was concerned that community couldn't develop unless people were prepared to bring their wives and raise their families in those remote regions.\nHis vision, therefore was to provide pastoral care to a range of people with a variety of needs that were significantly different to those of the metropolitan centres. Alongside that he saw the need for nursing services so that women particularly would feel safe in outback Australia. Arguably, the main reason for th establishment of the Australian Inland Mission was to provide for the well-being of women and children in remote Australia.\nHe facilitated this vision through the use of modern technology. He pioneered the development of radio communications in the bush, at the same time as he started to develop the outback nursing clinics, and created a network of patrol padres on the road to be there for people wherever they were found.\nFrom 1912 the Australian Inland Mission established 15 nursing homes\/bush hospitals in remote Australian locations.\nFollowing the establishment of the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977, the work of the AIM continued in the Presbyterian Church as the Presbyterian Inland Mission and in the Uniting Church as Frontier Services.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flynns-outback-angels-casting-the-mantle-1901-to-world-war-ii\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-outback-battler-a-quarterly-magazine-issued-in-bush-interests\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-uniting-church-in-australia-frontier-services-1897-2011-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Deaconess Training Institute", "Entry ID": "AWE4274", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/deaconess-training-institute\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Presbyterian Deaconess Training Institute was opened in Powlett Street, East Melbourne 1898, in large measure because of the committed work of The Rev William Rolland. Of the five initial students in residence, three went on to complete the two year course of training. By the end of the first year, the institute moved to a larger house in George Street, Fitzroy to accommodate the growing number of enrolments. Although the location, in the centre of the city mission district and close to the medical mission, was perfect for training purposes, its location here was not permanent. Two more moves to South Melbourne and Albert Park took place before the institute found permanent residence in Rathdowne Street, Carlton, in 1915.\nIn 1936 the institute was officially renamed 'Rolland House, Deaconess and Missionary Training College', in honour of the founder. It formed both a residential college for Deacon students and missionary workers and also a home for the Deaconess Association of the Presbyterian Church.\nFollowing a re-organisation of studies in 1947 the training of Deaconess students became more and more closely integrated with that of other Presbyterian theological students and at the time of Church Union (into the Uniting Church) virtually all such training took place at Ormond College.\nWhen the responsibility for training deaconesses was transferred to the Board of Theological Education, the roll of Rolland House needed to be redefined. Its facilities continued to be used as a hostel for women tertiary students. After Church Union, the house remained with the Presbyterian Church of Victoria. A few years later it was sold into private hands.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/not-to-be-ministered-unto-the-story-of-presbyterian-deaconesses-trained-in-melbourne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Presbyterian Deaconess Order in Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE4275", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/presbyterian-deaconess-order-in-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Work by Presbyterian Deaconesses was established in Victoria in 1898 when six women were 'set apart' by the Commission of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, 'in a special way for Christian service as the chief object of their life.\nFrom the beginning, two important principles were clearly stated:\n\nthat the ministry of the deaconess was to be seen as a ministry to the less privileged and persons in need\nthat adequate training for such ministry was necessary.\n\nAfter a peripatetic existence for the first 15 or so years, training was provided at Rolland House in Carlton, from 1915, for almost sixty years.\nAs for the special ministry of deaconesses - the following lists some of the activities they engaged in. They:\n\nministered to the body as well as the soul. Some of the first nurses ever seen in the Australian outback were deaconesses. Trained as they were, they could conduct services where there was no minister. As nurses, they were important leaders in the establishment of the Dr John Flynn's Australian Inland Mission.\n Personal work and contact in the inner suburbs have proven a friends to those in material, moral, social and spiritual need.\n Assistants to ministers in large parishes.\n In 3 states, been very important in organising youth work - including camps, Sunday schools, bible classes etc.\n Important to teaching scripture in government schools, thereby getting the word across to children in homes where religion in unknown. 'the greatest open door in front of the church today, and the main hope of preserving Christian ideals in this land'.\n In change of hostels for country girls, visited gaols, attend children's courts and 'as probation officers have been able to keep girls from entering a life of crime.\n Missionary trainees to Korea, China, Pacific Islands.\nthat adequate training for such ministry was necessary.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-of-training-institute-and-deaconesses\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Abbotsleigh", "Entry ID": "AWE4284", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abbotsleigh\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Abbotsleigh was founded by an English woman, Marian Clarke, in 1885. An Anglican school for girls, it was first located in a terrace in North Sydney. The school then moved to Parramatta in 1888, and finally to its current premises in Wahroonga.\nAbbotsleigh was one of the first girls' school to have a sports field, which was opened in October 1901.\n", "Details": "The following women have been associated with Abbotsleigh School.\nHeadmistresses have included:\n1885-1913: Marian Clarke\n1913-1924: Margaret Murray\n1924-1930: Dorothea Poole\n1931-1954: Gladys Gordon Everett\n1954-1957: Ruth Hirst\n1958-1970: H .E. (Betty) Archdale\n1970-1987: Kathleen McCredie\n1988-1995: Diane Nicholls\n1996-2004: Judith Wheeldon\n2006-current: Judith Poole\nPast students have included:\nUna Parry Boyce AM, OBE\nMargaret Enid (Peg) Christian, OAM.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/clarke-marian-1853-1933\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/abbotsleigh-a-walk-through-time\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-lily-and-the-lion-a-history-of-abbotsleigh\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-pamphlets-on-education-and-schools\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ascham School", "Entry ID": "AWE4286", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ascham-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Located in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, Ascham School is one of the oldest private girls' schools in Australia.\nThe school was founded by Marie Wallis in 1886 with nine pupils in a Darling Point terrace. She named the school after Roger Ascham, tutor to England's Queen Elizabeth I.\nAscham's teaching is influenced by the Dalton Plan, a philosophy of learning which emphasises self-responsibility and independence. Developed in the United States of America, the Dalton Plan was introduced to Ascham by its longest serving headmistress, Margaret Bailey, in 1922.\nFormer pupils of Ascham include Linda Littlejohn and Virginia Clare Walker.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-search-for-marie-wallis-founding-principal-of-ascham-school-1886-to-1902\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ascham-remembered-1886-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ascham-school-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ascham-charivari\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-ascham-school\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Association of Women Employees of the University of Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE4288", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/association-of-women-employees-of-the-university-of-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic Organisation", "Summary": "The Association of Women Employees of the University of Sydney (AWEUS) was formed in July 1980 to represent the interests of women on campus. It was open to all women on the university staff. An annually elected executive met to discuss matters concerning the improvement of the status of women on campus, e.g. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) policies and childcare facilities. It also gathered information on cases of discrimination and sexual harassment.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s66-association-of-women-employees-of-the-university-of-sydney-aweus\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Boat Club", "Entry ID": "AWE4289", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-boat-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney University Boat Club was founded in 1897. The following year a boat was purchased with the assistance of the registrar, professors and Louisa Macdonald, Principal of the Women's College.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneer-women-graduates-of-the-university-of-sydney-1881-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Collective, University of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE4290", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-collective-university-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Kensington, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Kensington, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Political organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Collective raised awareness of issues concerning women on campus at the University of New South Wales and it also organised activities for women. It was one of the clubs and societies affiliated with the Students Union at the University of New South Wales.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-collective-university-of-new-south-wales-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "University of New South Wales Wives Group", "Entry ID": "AWE4291", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-new-south-wales-wives-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Kensington, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social organisation", "Summary": "The University of new South Wales Wives Group was stablished at the New South Wales University of Technology (renamed the University of New South Wales in 1958) in 1950 as the Technical Education Women's' Group. The Group acted primarily as a social organisation in welcoming the wives of new staff members and students to the University.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-new-south-wales-wives-group-kensington-womens-group\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "U Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE4292", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/u-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Kensington, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation, Social organisation", "Summary": "The U Committee exists to raise funds for the University of New South Wales through activities such as the Book Fair and the sale of memorabilia. It has supported numerous scholarly and community activities including the University of New South Wales Art Prize and Travelling Scholarship, the Literary Fellowship and the Kensington Lectures for High School Students. Women played a leading role in the group.\nThe last book fair was held in May 2012 and the U Committee officially disbanded in 2013.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unique-providers-money-raising-and-the-university-of-new-south-wales-u-committee-1963-1993\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/u-committee-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ravenswood School for Girls", "Entry ID": "AWE4295", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ravenswood-school-for-girls\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Ravenswood School for Girls was founded by Mabel Maude Fidler in 1901. Classes took place in a schoolroom erected on the block adjacent to her home, 'Ravenswood', in Gordon, Sydney. While it was a non-sectarian private day school for girls, boys were enrolled in 1901 but the older ones departed by July the same year. They continued to be enrolled until 1913 in the Infants area and again during the war years but only in Kindergarten.\nFidler sold the school to the Methodist Church in 1924, by which point it had 180 pupils. The school became a Uniting Church school in 1977.\nRavenswood continues to operate today and has an enrolment of 1 130. It has always remained and grown on the original site at Gordon and is a member of the Alliance of Girls' Schools (Australasia).\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ravenswood-educating-girls-1901-2001\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ravenswood-school-for-girls-our-heritage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-ravenswood-school-for-girls\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women Undergraduates' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE4298", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-women-undergraduates-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational Association, Social organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women Undergraduates' Association was formed in 1899. It ran a variety of social activities for women students.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneer-women-graduates-of-the-university-of-sydney-1881-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s119-su-woman-undergraduates-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Sydney University Women Evening Students' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE4299", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-sydney-university-women-evening-students-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution, Social organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women Evening Students' Association was established in April 1911 to cater for the needs of evening students, many of whom were teachers.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneer-women-graduates-of-the-university-of-sydney-1881-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s77-women-evening-students-association-s-u\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women's Society", "Entry ID": "AWE4300", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-womens-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation, Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women's Society was established in 1891 with the object of assisting \"anyone requiring and deserving help\".\nAmong other activities, members of the Society worked at Lewisham Hospital, Newington asylum for aged women, the Woolloomooloo girls' club and the Harrington Street night school for girls at Millers Point.\nToday the re-named Sydney University Settlement Neighbourhood Centre works primarily with the Aboriginal community and other disadvantaged groups in Chippendale, Redfern, Darlington and Waterloo.\n", "Events": "Settlement House was opened, with Sarah Evans becoming the first resident Settler (1908 - 1908) \nThe Society was incorporated under the Sydney University Settlement Incorporation Act. (1959 - 1959) \nThe Society was renamed the Sydney University Settlement. (1913 - 1913) \nThe University Settlement purchased a property at Chippendale with the financial assistance of Dorette (Dorothea) Margarethe Maccallum and her (1925 - 1925) \nUnder considerable financial pressure, the University Settlement became a neighbourhood centre. (1973 - 1973)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pioneer-women-graduates-of-the-university-of-sydney-1881-1921\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-settlement-a-history-of-the-university-of-sydney-settlement-and-the-settlement-neighbourhood-centre-1891-1986\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s32-settlement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/maccallum-lady\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "University of Sydney Women's Group", "Entry ID": "AWE4308", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-of-sydney-womens-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Group was formed by wives of University of Sydney staff and women academics in 1949.\nIt is still active today and meets at the Women's College. It organises a range of social events and excursions\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s39-womens-group\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Studies Conference Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE4309", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-conference-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Academic Organisation", "Summary": "On 7 May 1984 the University of Sydney Senate appointed a Committee to organise functions to mark the Centenary of the First Women Graduates.\nOne of the functions organised by the Committee was the Women's Studies Conference, held from 20 September to 22 September 1985 at the Women's College. A separate Steering Committee was appointed for this purpose.\nThe Conference was attended by almost 500 people and around 60 papers were presented.\nAt the Plenary Session of the Conference, a motion was passed asking the Senate to formalise their recognition of the importance of this area of study by the creation of a Chair in Women's Studies.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-studies-conference-to-be-national-event\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/s94-womens-studies-conference-committee\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's College within The University of Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE4314", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-college-within-the-university-of-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Newtown, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Established in 1892, The Women's College within the University of Sydney was the first residential university college for women in Australia and has been in continuous use as a university college for women for well over a century. From modest and financially challenging beginnings, it developed into (and remains) a flourishing institution, particularly after 1916 when it finally received equivalent financial endowment to that of the male colleges.\nThe College's first home was a rented house in Glebe. It moved to its own building within the University grounds in May 1894. Designed by the architectural firm of Sulman & Power, the College's first permanent home still forms the heart of the present building complex and is heritage listed. In 2009 the College accommodates 250 women undergraduates and 30 postgraduates. It is a progressive organisation that is proud of its tradition of being at the forefront of education and social theory and championing women's rights, academic thought and leadership.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-history-of-the-womens-college-within-the-university-of-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-from-louisa-a-womans-view-of-the-1890s-based-on-the-letters-of-louisa-macdonald-first-principal-of-the-womens-college-university-of-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mask-designed-by-louisa-macdonald-verses-composed-by-c-j-brennan-and-j-le-gay-brereton\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/archives-of-the-womens-college-university-of-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-mask-designed-by-l-m\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marie-coutts-clark-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-college-university-of-sydney\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letters-by-louisa-macdonald-1892-1898\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "SingleMum.com.au: For Australian Single Mothers", "Entry ID": "AWE4392", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/singlemum-com-au-for-australian-single-mothers\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "SingleMum.com.au was created in February 2009 by Barbara Bryan, an Australian single mother of two small children. Upon searching the internet for information specific to Australian single mothers, she discovered that although there were several general parent and single father's support web sites, there were no Australian single mother web sites with a forum. Barbara Bryan realised that there were probably many other single mothers also seeking the same resources, and so she decided to create SingleMum.com.au as an on-line resource to support other single mothers.\nThe SingleMum.com.au website gathers together information, news and resources specifically for Australian single mothers. In addition to being an information service, it provides an online meeting place for single mothers to share information and support each other in the single mother forums. The website has grown and evolved according to the suggestions and requests of its ever-increasing network of single mothers. To date, the SingleMum.com.au website offers breaking single mother news - such as Family Court, custody and child support issues - a dedicated single mother forum and chat room, single parenting articles, a support links page, access to single mother studies and surveys, a single mother book index, and much more.\nSingleMum.com.au constantly strives to improve and expand to provide Australian single mothers with the information, friendship and support they need at one of the most challenging and fulfilling times of their lives.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/singlemum-com-au-for-australian-single-mothers-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Rural Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE4435", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-rural-womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Rural organisation, Social action organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "The first Rural Women's Network was established in Victoria in 1986, under the auspices of the Office of Rural Affairs in the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in response to activism by Victorian rural women, including Mary Salce. The aim was to link rural women's groups and individuals into a loose network supported by government infrastructure, to enable the sharing of ideas, issues, information and support, and to encourage women to develop a more active voice in government decision-making.\n", "Details": "In 1986, the newly elected Victorian Labor Government established the Office of Rural Affairs (ORA) within the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, to more equitably meet needs of rural Victorians. The Rural Affairs Committee of Cabinet included two femocrats - Joan Kirner and Caroline Hogg - who insisted on a strong focus on the needs of rural women. The Office of Rural Affairs' first major project was to encourage the involvement of rural women in public life, and two staff members of ORA, Jenni Mitchell and Anna Lottkowitz, were appointed to develop the Rural Women's Network (RWN). Working through personal contact, they purposefully developed a networking facility, which would link women and organisations, and belong to all, rather than a hierarchical organisation.\nIN March 1987, The RWN produced NETWORK newsletter as a forum for rural women, in Jenni Mitchell's words, 'to share concerns and develop their own solutions'. The newsletter gave rural women both a powerful voice, and the space to develop a women's discourse.\nLocally, the network assisted groups to explore issues of concern, and to plan activities. In this year they secured the services of two women with expertise in small business management, and supported workshops.\nIn 1990, the Network began its support of the annual Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings: the coming together of women in conference style, consciousness raising groups, where women could also gain information and practical skills. A year later (1991) the RWN conducted the Women in Action program, to broaden the skills base of women wishing to participate in public life, in conjunction with a number of other women's organisations.\nLiz Hogan, who joined the Network in 1990, in 1992 facilitated a state wide meeting in Ballarat of activists, women's group leaders and academics. This meeting had far-reaching consequences, including the formation of the Australian Women in Agriculture organisation, and the committee for the organisation of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference, out of which came the Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women. Networks followed in other states in the 1990s, including New South Wales (1992), Western Australia (1996), and Queensland (1993).\nFrom 1992 the Network was overseen by a women's reference group, which met 2-3 times per year. It included women from outside the Department, such as representatives of peak women's organisations, regional issue-based groups, individual women and women from other relevant government departments. The ORA workers met with rural women, listening to their concerns, and providing advice to the Rural Affairs Committee of Cabinet. The femocrats within the Network provided advice and assistance in gaining funding, influencing politicians and bureaucrats and negotiating the system.\nIn 2002 the Rural Women's Network moved to the Department for Victorian Communities, now the Department of Planning and Community Development. The Victorian Rural Women's Network has continued its role of advising governments on issues affecting rural women, helping to develop action plans with a focus on women in agriculture and resource management, and empowering, linking and supporting rural women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invisible-farmer-a-report-on-australian-farm-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-through-the-grass-ceiling-women-power-leadership-in-rural-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-women-at-the-crossroads-perspectives-on-the-lives-of-rural-australian-women-in-the-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mitchell-jenni\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rural-womens-network\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "WRAACReunited<\/i>", "Entry ID": "AWE4438", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wraacreunited\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Ex-Armed services organisation, Social organisation", "Summary": "WRAACReunited is an online social network established in 2009 with the aim of providing a dedicated on-line community for Australian ex-servicewomen. Motivation for establishing the site, a private forum for ex-servicewomen only, came in response to concerns for the needs of a generation of women, especially members of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) who were approaching an age and a time when they are searching for old friends, an opportunity to reflect on their lives and a space to experience the camaraderie they shared as servicewomen together\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Girls Choir", "Entry ID": "AWE4781", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-girls-choir\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Performing Arts Organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Girls Choir (AGC) was established in 1984 in Melbourne by music teacher Judith Curphey.\nWhilst there were several boys' choirs in Australia, there was no opportunity available for girls (outside of school choirs). The accepted convention at the time was that boys sing 'better' than girls (hence cathedral choirs are made up only of male voices). Judith wanted to challenge this belief and create a choir that appropriately trained and developed girls' voices, particularly as their voices matured (as opposed to 'breaking' like boys voices) and conduct a choir that sang in Soprano and Alto registers only.\nHer goal was to create a choir with a uniquely Australian sound and high artistic standards, a group which could dance as well as sing, and was renowned for its quality of presentation.\nThe Australian Girls Choir now has over 3,500 girls in training in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.\n", "Details": "The Australian Girls Choir celebrates 27 years of providing high quality education and wonderful performance opportunities to many thousands of girls from across the country. Girls aged five to eighteen years are trained in singing, dancing and performing on a weekly basis in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.\nBest recognised for its involvement in the Qantas 'I Still Call Australia Home' advertising campaign, the Choir has sung at almost every major concert venue in the country. The girls have performed with a long list of outstanding artists and personalities from the entertainment world, and have been acclaimed in some hundreds of performances undertaken in numerous international and national tours.\n", "Events": "Chasing Rainbows CD is released; debut album under the ABC Classics label. (2010 - 2010) \n150 girls attend the first rehearsal of the Australian Girls Choir at Burwood State College, Melbourne, Victoria. (1984 - 1984) \nAGC selected, along with National Boys Choir, to participate in landmark Qantas advertising campaign featuring I Still Call Australia Home. (1998 - 1998) \nChoir opened in Adelaide, South Australia. (1984 - 1984) \nChoir opened in Brisbane, Queensland. (2002 - 2002) \nChoir opened in Perth, Western Australia. (2011 - 2011) \nChoir opened in Sydney, New South Wales. (1988 - 1988) \nFounder and Artistic Director Judith Curphey awarded an Order of Australia Medal (OAM) for service to music, particularly through the Australian Girls Choir. (2004 - 2004) \nInaugural international tour to Canada. (1989 - 1989) \nParent company Australian School of Performing Arts is incorporated. AGC now sits under this umbrella brand, along with Aus Girls Dancea3 - Australian Arts Alive. (2008 - 2008) \nSydney chapter goes into recess. (1993 - 1993) \nSydney chapter re-opened. (1999 - 1999)", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Dragons Abreast Canberra", "Entry ID": "AWE4852", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dragons-abreast-canberra\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Community organisation, Sporting club", "Summary": "Dragons Abreast Canberra started in 1999, one year after Dragons Abreast Australia, the umbrella organisation was founded. Members, both breast cancer survivors and supporters, race dragon boats on Lake Burley Griffin in an annual Breast Cancer Challenge Regatta, to raise awareness of breast cancer and funds for cancer services and research.\n", "Details": "Dragons Abreast Canberra started in 1999, one year after the founding of Dragons Abreast Australia, the national umbrella organisation for dragon boat clubs for breast cancer survivors. The group was formed under the leadership of Anna Wellings Booth who was awarded a Medal in the Order of Australia for her service to women's health through a range of breast cancer organisations in 2012.\nDragon boat racing began over 2000 years ago in China, where races were held as part of the agricultural cycle to avert misfortune and to encourage the rains needed for prosperity. Paddling dragon boats as a sport took hold in 1976 when the Hong Kong Tourist Association launched this traditional festival as a modern competitive sports event. Dragon boats are usually 12 metres long, with the head and tail of a dragon, and wide enough to sit 20 people (two abreast), along with a sweep to steer the boat and a drummer. The races are usually paddled over a course of 500 metres.\nDragons Abreast Australia was founded on principles of participation and inclusiveness. Participants consider themselves to be winners by simply being in the group and being able to paddle. Competitiveness is a secondary outcome. Research by Professor Don McKenzie, a Canadian exercise physiologist, has shown that dragon boating has positive benefits, both physical and psychological, for women recovering from breast cancer.\nWhen it began, Dragons Abreast Canberra had the generous support of the Canberra Dragon Boat Association, which provided coaching and sweeping in the early days while encouraging the club towards independence. Several sweeps were trained, enabling the group to operate independently while maintaining its links with Canberra Dragon Boat Association. When Dragons Abreast Canberra began, there was only one other Dragons Abreast team in Australia, and now there are 45.\nThe first interstate foray was in 2000 to the Australian National Dragon Boat Championships held at Penrith, and individual members of Dragons Abreast Canberra have participated at every Australian National Championship since that time. The Dragons Abreast regatta for Chinese New Year at Darling Harbour in Sydney is an annual event for club members. International success came with a fifth place in an international breast cancer survivors' regatta held in Peterborough, Canada, in 2010.\nLike all Dragons Abreast groups, the Canberra club has a mixture of breast cancer survivors and very active and valuable supporters. There are currently about 60 members. The club's most visible event is the annual Breast Cancer Challenge Regatta, an awareness-raising exercise on Lake Burley Griffin. Most of the money raised from registration fees is donated to cancer-related organisations, both locally and nationally, and some of it is retained to partly cover the club's ongoing expenses.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-dragons-tale\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dragons-abreast-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/parliamentary-debates\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marymead Auxiliary", "Entry ID": "AWE4864", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marymead-auxiliary\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social services, Volunteer fundraising organisation", "Summary": "The Auxiliary of Marymead Child and Family Centre is a volunteer group established in 1966 to raise funds in support of the services provided by Marymead to Canberra children and families in need. Over the ensuing years the Auxiliary initiated Canberra's first Walkathon which, together with an annual Button Day and numerous other fundraising activities, raised significant sums annually to help Marymead's work with disadvantaged and vulnerable children. In the process, the Auxiliary has galvanised the active participation of thousands of members of schools, businesses, sporting and service groups and embassies across the Australian Capital Territory. It continues today to be a major source of non-government funds for the agency.\n", "Details": "In the early 1960s Canberra was a rapidly growing city with a very young population. Between 1950 and 1975, almost 40% of the population were under 21 years of age. At the same time, few people had an extended family base because most had only recently arrived in Canberra to work in the burgeoning Commonwealth public service and service industries. Social services were embryonic.\nMarymead Children's Centre (now Marymead Child and Family Centre) was established by the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary (FMM) in 1967 to provide residential care for children of families in temporary crisis - for example,. a mother in hospital, a family breaking up, a child neglected or in danger. The nuns left Canberra in 1986. Marymead today is a landmark Canberra agency serving vulnerable and disadvantaged children and families both at home and through out of home care across an extensive range of child protection, disability support and family support programs. However, although Marymead's services have always been funded by government, the funds have never been sufficient to meet the needs or to give Marymead a ready flexibility to introduce new programs to meet emerging needs outside the orbit of government funding processes.\nMarymead owed its creation not only to the efforts of a determined group of FMM nuns, but also to an equally determined collection of, largely very senior, members of the Commonwealth public service and their wives. In the 1960s many married women, unable to work in the Commonwealth Public Service because of the marriage bar, used their education, experience and energies instead to create volunteer organisations to support the much-needed, emerging social and welfare services. It was just such a group of women who created the Marymead Auxiliary in 1966.\nAt its first meeting on 31 March 1966 Lady Nora Randall was elected President of the Auxiliary with Mrs Nell Nimmo and Mrs Mary Nicholl as Vice Presidents. They were the first of over 1000 people - almost all women - who have been active in the Auxiliary over the last 45 years, not counting the many thousands more who have attended fashion parades, lunches and morning teas in splendid venues, bought raffle tickets, plants and fete 'goodies', and played cards and tennis. Little by little, over $2 million has been raised (in 2007 dollar terms).\nThe Auxiliary established a number of 'firsts' for Canberra - most notably the city's first Walkathon in 1967 which was a huge success for over 20 years. Generations of Canberrans know Marymead because they walked or ran in the Walkathon along with classmates or as a family. Local schools, sporting and service clubs were roped in to help in a major annual button day appeal. A close connection with embassies was developed early on, and many fundraising events have taken place ever since in diplomatic residences.\nAlthough its primary purpose was to raise funds for Marymead, the Auxiliary also played an important role in the early years in behind-the-scenes lobbying for improved funding levels, and garnering financial and practical support for Marymead from local businesses and service groups like Lions and Rotary. In addition, the Auxiliary President was for many years a member of the Marymead Board of Management.\nThe Auxiliary's membership has reflected broader changes in women's lives. Where, in the 1960s, the Auxiliary comprised married women not in the paid workforce, by the end of the century, most members were retired or working part-time. In the early 21st century, online social media and new types of events are attracting a younger membership who fit their fundraising activities around work and young families. The Auxiliary now works with professional development staff within Marymead and a growing number of corporate sponsorships of Marymead's programs.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-auxiliarys-proud-past-and-positive-future\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-marymead-auxiliary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-marymead-auxiliary\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Marymead Child and Family Centre", "Entry ID": "AWE4865", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marymead-child-and-family-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Children\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s welfare services", "Summary": "The Franciscan Missionaries of Mary established Marymead Children's Centre (now Marymead Child and Family Centre) in 1967 as a specialised facility to provide residential care for children of families in temporary crisis. In the early years this might include a mother in hospital, a family breaking up, a child neglected or in danger. As the city grew rapidly so did demand for government-funded social services to provide for more complex needs requiring professional as well as community support. The Franciscan Missionaries of Mary withdrew from Canberra in 1986, transferring ownership of Marymead to the Catholic Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn. Since then, the agency has grown steadily, staffed by professional welfare workers (predominantly female), to become one of the major social services agencies in the ACT. By 2012 it was providing support, in the home and through out-of-home care, to vulnerable and disadvantaged children and their families across the Australian Capital Territory and the surrounding New South Wales region.\n", "Details": "Canberra grew rapidly after World War 2 as public service departments were moved to the capital (especially from the 1960s). The rapidly growing population was young: throughout 1950-1975, almost 40% of the population was under 21. Few people had an extended family base nearby to help with family burdens or crises, and social networks were insufficient to compensate for that lack. Moreover, government policy, specialist social services and funding for welfare assistance did not keep pace with the rapid growth in population and complexity of needs for support.\nOne area particularly poorly served in the 1950s was provision of support for children who could not live with their parents or other family members due to a temporary crisis or longer term problems caused by poverty, illness, neglect, domestic violence or family breakup. Such care and protection services as existed were provided by New South Wales, and Canberra had no facility of its own to provide long or short term out-of-home care or specialist support for children and teenagers. Pressure was increasingly exerted on the Commonwealth government by local magistrates, church members and, indeed, leading public servants and their wives, to address the obvious need for such services.\nAn early change came in 1963 when Dr Barnado's Homes opened a group house but, from the outset, it could not keep up with demand. About the same time, the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary (FMM) proposed to open a house in Canberra and undertake welfare work, especially among the poor. The FMM were founded in India in 1872 and came to Australia in 1942; their work focused on the poor and disadvantaged in society. They proposed a centre in Canberra which would provide out- of-home care for children of families in temporary crisis, plus a hostel for young working women coming to Canberra to join the public service (this was intended to provide a continuing income stream but, however, was never built).\nSeven nuns arrived in January 1963, moving initially into a house and backyard caravan in the suburb of Narrabundah. The first superior was Mother Columcille, a dynamic, formidable 70-year-old Irish nun who became famous for her determination and selective deafness to responses (especially from public servants) that were not the ones she wanted. She quickly obtained the support of several senior public servants well-positioned to persuade relevant ministers (including the Prime Minister, Bob Menzies, Senator John Gorton, and Doug Anthony who all became Marymead supporters) to adopt and fund the proposal for a child welfare and hostel facility to be called Marymead ('Mary's meadow' in Gaelic). Their wives, meanwhile, began fund raising activities, forming the Marymead Auxiliary which continues in strength into the 21st century.\nBy the mid-1960s the Commonwealth had assumed responsibility from NSW for directly funding and overseeing welfare services in the ACT but the funding levels and arrangements were greatly affected (into the 1990s) by differences of opinion on the extent to which government should directly manage welfare services or outsource them to charitable organisations. In the 21st century, government policy has settled firmly on the outsourcing model, typically within stringent government guidelines.\nIn 1965 the Commonwealth finally agreed to provide funding towards establishment by the FMM of a child welfare centre and land was allocated in Narrabundah. Marymead opened in 1967 with a convent and six residential cottages, each with a house mother and up to a dozen children, led by the Centre administrator, Sister Rosalie McNaughton (Mother Columcille, her indomitable foundation work completed, retired to Ireland). The house mothers were the nuns and, over time, a number of lay women as well. Gardens were created with help from a local Lions Club, the children began to attend local schools, and a family-like community was created.\nBy 1980 the nuns estimated they had cared for over 5,000 children, predominantly through periods of residential care at Marymead. The nuns themselves now included a professional social worker, a sign not only of increased complexity in the needs to be met but also of higher standards being set by the government in relation to expertise and qualifications of those working in the welfare sector.\nUnder the nuns, Marymead's primary function was to welcome children of all races and religions who required care. Children were admitted in various times of crisis including distress following accidents or sudden illness, poverty, a parent hospitalised, a family break up, disruption of the home or child abuse or neglect. Children were either placed voluntarily by parents or referred by welfare or health officials. Occasionally the police would also bring children to Marymead at night or over the weekend if a sudden emergency arose.\nFunding continued to be a major constraint through the 1960s and 1970s: real costs per child rose as salaries and living costs increased and the need increased for professionally trained personnel who could provide appropriate support to children with challenging behaviours or complex needs. By the early 1980s, the FMM's own priorities in Australia turned more to health and aged care services. This, combined with significant financial difficulties in operating Marymead, led the nuns to withdraw from Canberra in 1986. Marymead then came under the auspices of the Catholic Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn.\nFrom the late 1980s more and more attention was paid to supporting children at home, in their family contexts. One of Marymead's great strengths in the last 20 years has been its emphasis on an integrated approach to supporting both the child and the family as a whole. This strength has been accompanied by steady and substantial growth in the number of clients, number and variety of services offered, and introduction of innovative strategies that have influenced government policy trends in social services. By 2011 Marymead was, inter alia, overseeing a large foster care program, disability support programs, residential care for young people with high and complex needs, child protection support, programs for families in trauma or having broken up, support for carers, counselling services, and family skills programs.\nMarymead has remained a community-based, not-for-profit agency whose primary concern is to care for vulnerable and disadvantaged children and their families (over 1000 a year by 2011). As is common throughout the social services sector, its workforce has mostly been women. It has become an integral part of the Canberra community, touching the lives of a large proportion of the population either directly or behind the scenes or through its fundraising activities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-2010-2011\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/marymead-child-and-family-centre-uncatalogued-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Business and Professional Women's Club of Canberra", "Entry ID": "AWE4875", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-business-and-professional-womens-club-of-canberra\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group, Professional Association, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Business and Professional Women's Club of Canberra formed in 1954, affiliated to the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women (now BPW Australia) which had formed in 1947, which was in turn part of the International Federation of Business and Professional Women which had formed in Geneva in 1930. The Club remained active until the 1990s, with separate clubs for Woden and Belconnen meeting in the 1980s.\n", "Details": "The inaugural meeting of the Business and Professional Women's Club of Canberra was held at the Hotel Civic on 9 April 1954 - the office bearers were elected at the Annual General Meeting on 12 July - President Betty Jackson, Vice-Presidents Mrs Chandler and Kitty Peisley, Secretary Dr M Granger. Other women prominent in the early years were Jean and Isabel Sheaffe, Sister Sylvia Curley, Joan Binns, Heather Shakespeare, and Margaret Timpson (President 1970-1971, 1985).\nThe objects of the Club were to promote the interests of business and professional women, to awaken and encourage in them a realisation of responsibilities in their own country and consequently world affairs, to raise and maintain standards of education and training of women, and to work for the removal of sex discrimination in remuneration, opportunities for women in employment and selection for office and promotion in all positions for which women are qualified by their skill and training.\nRepresentations were made to the government regarding equal pay, equal employment and training opportunities, superannuation, and family law reform, and the 1985 National Women's Tax Summit was jointly sponsored with the Women's Electoral Lobby and other women's organisations. Among speakers to monthly meetings were politicians, diplomats, and academics on current political and international affairs. Meetings also provided opportunities for networking and social activities. The Canberra club also sponsored prizes for nurses, stenographers and book-keepers, and scholarships for young women completing year 10 in secondary school.\nThe Canberra club was initially under the NSW Division, and a separate ACT Division was formed in 1987 with the original Canberra club and two new clubs in Woden and Belconnen which had first met in 1985.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-business-and-professional-womens-club-of-canberra-1954-1985\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/business-and-professional-womens-club-of-canberra-records-deposit\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Soroptimist International of Canberra Incorporated", "Entry ID": "AWE4876", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soroptimist-international-of-canberra-incorporated\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Service organisation, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "Soroptimist International is a worldwide organisation for women in management and the professions working through service projects to advance human rights and the status of women. Soroptimists work at all levels of civil society, local, national and international, and are involved with a wide spectrum of women's concerns. The Soroptimist Club of Canberra was chartered on 1 April 1955 and has met continuously since then.\n", "Details": "Soroptimists are committed to a world where women and girls together achieve their individual and collective potential, realise aspirations and have an equal voice in creating strong, peaceful communities worldwide.\nThe inaugural meeting of the Soroptimist Club of Canberra was convened at the Hotel Civic on 6 September 1954. The club was chartered on 1 April 1955 with a dinner at the Hotel Canberra. The Charter President was Mary Stevenson. In 1978 the Club became part of the new Federation, Soroptimist International of the South West Pacific (SISWP). Maris King of the Canberra Club was the second President of SISWP. The Canberra Club was incorporated in 1982.\nMuch of the effort of members has been devoted to service, an important objective of Soroptimism. The Canberra Club's first project was 'Buy a Brick' to assist in the provision of a unit for the proposed Goodwin Homes for the aged in Ainslie. Subsequently further funding was provided to Goodwin Homes and members took an interest in the occupants of Soroptimist Cottage until its demolition in the early 1990s.\nThe Canberra Club has helped, financially or in other ways, a wide variety of organisations in Canberra such as Sir Leslie Morshead War Veteran's Home, Koomarri, Guide Dogs for the Blind, Morling Lodge, Marymead Children's Home, the Girl Guides Association, Dr Barnardo's Children's Home, the Women's Shelter in Belconnen, Life Line, the Meals-on-Wheels Service, the Noah's Ark Toy Library, Multiple Sclerosis, ACT Blind Society, Motor Neurone Care and Support Group and the National Brain Injury Foundation. Assistance has also been provided in many other ways such as support for women's refuges, children with disabilities and needy women students in ACT tertiary institutions.\nMore recently the Club has provided scholarships through the Canberra Refugee Support Programme and microcredit loans to enable women to start their own small business.\nThe Club has also supported Soroptimist projects in other parts of Australia and overseas e.g. Fiji, Solomon Islands and East Timor as well as providing support for victims of natural disasters both in Australia and overseas. In recent years, the most successful international projects have been in Northern Thailand where young women were trained and given employment opportunities which meant that they didn't go to Bangkok to work in the sex industry (SIAM - Soroptimist International AIDS Mediation), and in Cambodia where schools and hospital facilities were provided for villagers on the Thai\/Cambodian border (Hands across Borders). The Club's current project is training PNG women as midwives to work in their villages to improve the conditions for mothers and babies at the time of birth (Birthing in the Pacific).\nContributing to good will and understanding is an important part of Soroptimism. Members of the Canberra Club have taken the opportunity to develop a spirit of friendship among Soroptimists of all countries by extending hospitality to the many Soroptimists visiting Canberra and by attending meetings and conferences at the local, regional, national and international level. Many members plan business and holiday trips round international gatherings.\nOver the years, the Club has taken an active interest in the Canberra community and has interacted with government, community and national organisations to promote public policy issues and projects of concern to its members.\nAs part of the centenary of Canberra celebrations, the Canberra Club has assisted the Canberra Museum and Gallery in an exhibition entitled The Women who Made Canberra to be held at the Gallery from 24 November 2012 to 17 March 2013. Additionally, in February 2013 Soroptimist Point at Yerrabi Pond in Gungahlin will be officially named in a ceremony recognising the contributions made by Soroptimist International. The Canberra Club has taken the responsibility for organising this event.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-very-big-year-canberra-100\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fifty-years-on-the-history-of-si-canberra-inc-for-the-clubs-golden-jubilee\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soroptimist-international\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soroptimist-international-of-the-south-west-pacific\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-soroptimist-club-of-canberra-1955-1973-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby (ACT Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE4877", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-act-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) is a feminist political organisation founded in 1972. It is a non-party-political and non-sectarian women's lobby. Members of Canberra Women's Liberation organised the first meeting of WEL-ACT in May 1972. WEL, which began in Melbourne, was to interview candidates for the Federal elections to be held later that year and publish the results. WEL-ACT was particularly active running public education campaigns on what mattered to women in the ACT and interviewing local candidates and sitting Members. Women had flocked to join WEL around Australia and 400 women attended the first National Conference held in Canberra in January 1973.\nOver the years WEL-ACT played a major role in supporting the WEL National Office in Canberra and lobbying for national campaigns such as access to affordable childcare; the introduction of sex discrimination, equal employment opportunity and affirmative action legislation; and changes to industrial relations, taxation and economic policies. Locally members entered parliament and the public service. WEL-ACT provided support for those working for women in the bureaucracy, continued to lobby for local issues, such as the repeal of abortion laws, and continued to question candidates standing for election.\n", "Details": "WEL-ACT's first year\nThe first meeting of WEL-ACT was held on 3 May 1972 in the Women's House, 12 Bremer Street, Griffith, the meeting place of Canberra Women's Liberation. Bea Faust had written to Canberra Women's Liberation and her contacts in the Abortion Law Reform Association explaining that she and a group of women in Melbourne had formed WEL with the intention of surveying candidates for the forthcoming Federal elections on issues of concern to women and publishing the results. The Women's Liberation Action Workshop replied to Bea that they were 'very interested in taking part in WEL' and 'would establish a sub-committee for WEL in Canberra'.\nThe newly formed WEL-ACT embarked on a program to educate the candidates and the public in general about what mattered to women in the ACT. It organised public education campaigns or 'blitzes' on family planning and contraception; the employment problems of women in the ACT; lack of childcare; retraining opportunities for women; and discrimination and equal opportunity. They handed out well-researched information sheets on these topics, organised demonstrations and prepared press releases. The screen-printing workshop at the Women's House was busy producing WEL T-shirts, bumper stickers and posters.\nFor its campaign on family planning and contraception, WEL-ACT wrote a submission to the Tariff Board asking that the tariff on contraceptives be reduced. This received good coverage in the media, which was used to publicise WEL's demands to remove the 'luxury tax' on all forms of contraceptives, place The Pill on the 'free list', remove restrictions on advertising contraceptives and family planning clinics and provide funding for family planning clinics.\nWhile WEL-ACT had been busy with education programs, WEL-Victoria had finalised the questionnaire for the candidates. WEL-ACT not only interviewed candidates for the ACT and surrounding electorates but also many sitting Members for other WEL groups. WEL groups were also holding public meetings with candidates, asking them, 'why women should vote for you?' In September the Convenor of WEL-ACT, Gail Wilenski (Radford), chaired a meeting in Wagga Wagga and invited an ABC television team to attend. The result was a very informative Four Corners program, 'The Hand that Rocks the Ballot Box', on WEL that went to air on 7 October 1972. WEL-ACT held its public meeting on 3 November in the Griffin Centre in Civic. All the candidates for the ACT were invited to speak and answer questions.\nThe results of the WEL survey were analysed by WEL Victoria and released in late November. Each WEL group released its own results. They were very newsworthy and received excellent publicity around Australia. In the ACT Pat Eatock, a Black Liberation candidate was given full marks and Kep Enderby, the sitting Member and Labor candidate, was a second with 91%. On Election Day, 2 December 1972, WEL-ACT handed out information sheets at the polling booths with summaries of the results of the WEL questionnaire for all ACT candidates.\nWEL was delighted when Gough Whitlam, the new elected Prime Minister, announced that he would meet numbers of WEL's demands. WEL's agenda on contraception and family planning was to be implemented and the equal pay case before the Arbitration Commission was to be re-opened to support equal pay for work of equal value. Also, the Prime Minister was to appoint an adviser on women's affairs to his personal staff, an idea originating with the Convenor of WEL-ACT.\nThere was no summer holiday for WEL-ACT in January 1973, as it organised WEL's first national conference in the middle of a heat wave. 400 or so women attended the conference; surprised by the numbers of women who were coming from all parts of Australia, WEL-ACT hired a tent to accommodate the extra numbers. Women stayed up all night talking, excited by WEL's successful first year, little realising that there would be years and years of hard work to follow.\n1973-Reform or revolution? \nCanberra Women's Liberation questioned WEL's success and the relationship between the two was discussed in early 1973. While agreeing that Women's Liberation was very important as it provided a theoretical basis for WEL, WEL-ACT members said that they could not wait for 'the revolution' but wanted reforms to urgent problems now. However, there was none of the animosity between WEL and Women's Liberation members in the ACT that was seen in some States and the two groups continued side by side in the Women's House.\nWEL-ACT and National WEL\nThere had been suspicion at the first national conference about the prominence that WEL-ACT had on the national scene. Rules were laid down about who could speak or lobby for WEL, locally and nationally. If the majority of groups approved, WEL-ACT could lobby on an issue and contact the national media. However, it was inevitable that, given its location close to the federal government and parliament, WEL-ACT would continue to play a significant role nationally in the following years. With finely honed media skills and many contacts in the national media it continued to have a high profile.\nIt was not until 1978 that a national office was set up in Canberra. Initially it was housed in the new Women's House in O'Connor, where WEL-ACT had moved in 1975. The offices of both groups were co-located until the 2000s when the national WEL office moved to Sydney and WEL-ACT started to work from members' homes and offices.\nCompared to other WEL groups, WEL-ACT always played a disproportionate role in supporting the national office and national campaigns. As the group with the troops on the ground, WEL-ACT could be relied upon to provide members to lobby politicians, organise demonstrations and conferences, contact the media and help members visiting from other WEL groups. WEL-ACT, therefore, over the years continued to play a major role in the national campaigns for affordable childcare, the introduction of sex discrimination legislation, EEO and affirmative action legislation and changes to industrial relations, taxation and economic policies.\nWEL-ACT Submissions\nWEL groups were great submission writers and WEL-ACT was no exception, preparing 77 submissions to inquiries, the ACT government and ACT departments in the years 1972-2003. However, two submissions to the Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration (RCAGA) were particularly important as they addressed the question of how to make government policy women-friendly.\nA 1974 submission recommended taskforces in the central areas of departments to monitor policy development and program administration for women, initiate research, maintain liaison with target groups of women and brief inter-departmental committees and advisory councils. In a further submission in 1975, WEL-ACT stressed the need for departmental units and for reporting mechanisms to ensure that women's needs were integrated into programs and policies at an early stage of development. In 1976 RCAGA recommended the trial of women's policy units in departments to reinforce the work of the Women's Affairs Branch in the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet.\nThis model, which became known as the 'hub and wheel model', was not only implemented in the federal public service but, thanks to the energetic work of WEL members, was adopted in State and Territory public services.\n1975-Working from the inside\n1975 was International Women's Year and the year that WEL decided to question its effectiveness. Fed up with the slow pace of change, particularly within the bureaucracy and parliament in Canberra, members decided that they must work from within as well as lobbying from outside.\nSusan Ryan, who had been a Deputy Convenor of WEL-ACT in 1972, stood for the Senate in 1975 with strong support from WEL-ACT using the slogan 'A Woman's Place is in the Senate'. She went on to become the Minister Assisting the Prime Minster for the Status of Women in the Hawke government and was responsible for the introduction of the Sex Discrimination Act in 1984, an event celebrated by WEL with a party in front of Parliament House. Legislation to support affirmative action programs in the private sector followed in 1986. WEL-ACT member Chris Ronald assisted her with the drafting of both of these pieces of legislation.\nIn October 1975 Gail Wilenski, the first Convenor of WEL-ACT, was appointed to head the newly created EEO unit in the Public Service Board in Canberra. Known by her professional name, Gail Radford, she pioneered EEO programs in the Australian Public Service; these were to spread to all State public services and were to serve as a basis for the affirmative action programs in the private sector.\nWEL-ACT member, Ann Wentworth, was the first Women's Adviser in the ACT. Appointed in 1985, she played a key role in the development of women's services such as the 24-hour domestic violence intervention service and the women's health service.\nMany other WEL members moved into women's units or EEO units in the public service in Canberra. WEL-ACT kept a watching brief on their activities, lobbying strongly at election times and provided support for their work between elections. For example, at the end of the 1980s WEL-ACT and the Institute of Public Administration organised a large workshop that focused on strategies to support women trying to preserve feminist values in government.\n1980s-Taxation and the Economy \nWEL-ACT members played a major role in the development and promulgation of National WEL's policies on taxation and the economy in the 1980s. Following the re-election of the Fraser government in 1980, conservative politicians pushed for income-splitting or family-unit taxation. It was the economist Meredith Edwards who managed, via the media, to explain to the public the impact such a move would have on women who were secondary income earners.\nIn the Hawke\/Keating years the economic agenda was very much to the fore. Campaigns and conferences organised by National WEL tried to focus attention on the gender dimension of economic issues.\nIn June 1985 a National Women's Tax Summit was held in Canberra. Marian Sawer from WEL-ACT chaired the Steering Group for this Summit, which was originally the idea of WEL but later other organisations joined them. It was very influential in warding off Paul Keating's preferred option of a broad-based consumption tax.\nWEL-ACT members also formed a working group on the economy and prepared submissions for National WEL to the Economic Planning Advisory Council and worked with others on a submission to The National Tax Summit: New Directions held in July 1985. WEL-ACT member Frances Davies spoke on behalf of National WEL at the Summit.\n1990s and beyond\nThe Howard years were difficult years for WEL nationally as government funding for WEL ceased. Changes that had been made, or were being made, to EEO programs and women's programs reduced their effectiveness. The ACT was not immune from such changes as seen by WEL-ACT submissions to the Chief Minister on 'Curtailment of Staffing Resources for ACT EEO Unit' in 1995 and another on 'The Need for Women's Policy Structures' that included WEL's questionnaire that was sent to all candidates for the 1998 elections for the ACT Legislative Assembly.\nWEL-ACT was undaunted by the difficult times and a pamphlet published in 1999 stated that there had been a 50% growth in membership since the cessation of federal government funding. Much of this increase was due to the emergence of Young WEL-ACT, an active and energetic group. Many of its members were university students attracted by the moves to decriminalise abortion in the ACT. They joined with older Canberra women who had been doggedly working for change to laws relating to abortion since the defeat of the McKenzie-Lamb Bill in 1973.\nWEL founded a coalition of pro-choice groups, Options for Women, which successfully lobbied for the passage of two Territory Bills in 2002. One Bill made the ACT the first jurisdiction in Australia to remove all references to abortion from its criminal code and the other repealed offensive legislation that had tried to force women considering an abortion to view photographs of foetuses.\nYoung women worked in executive positions in WEL-ACT. One of their concerns was the paucity of women in the Legislative Assembly. Roslyn Dundas, who had been the ACT Co-ordinator of Young WEL and was later Convenor of WEL-ACT, was elected to the ACT Legislative Assembly in 2001. She was an Australian Democrat and, at the time of her election, was the youngest member ever elected to an Australian parliament.\nThe arrival of the Internet, particularly email, was a boon to women's organisations. WEL Australia set up its first website in August 1995, the first women's organisation to do so. It was created and maintained by WEL-ACT member Val Thomson and became a valuable resource, particularly after the defunding of WEL. In 1998 WEL-ACT established a general email list called ACTWomen for sharing information about issues and events of particular interest to women in the ACT. This proved to be a very useful initiative and is still in operation in 2012.\nIn a spirit of fun but with serious intent, WEL-ACT launched The Gregs in 1999. Named after Legislative Assembly Speaker Greg Cornwell, they exposed sexist statements made by public figures. Who was to receive the Greg trophy for the year was decided in a boo-off as entries were read out, often at Tilley Devine's Cafe at Lyneham, and the winner's name was added to a Wall of Shame on the WEL-ACT website.\nCandidates for election\nOver the years WEL-ACT has continued to question local candidates standing for election to Federal parliament and, after self-government for the ACT, candidates for the ACT Legislative Assembly. Sometimes they organised meetings with the candidates, with or without other women's organisations participating. For the Federal elections in 2010 WEL-ACT also published the results of a postal survey of candidates in the ACT and Eden-Monaro.\nIn preparation for the Legislative Assembly elections in 2012, WEL-ACT examined progress made by the ACT in implementing the government's gender equality commitments. Sarah Spiller researched and wrote a very detailed report, The Full Picture: An Audit of the ACT's Gender Assessment Processes, which listed 12 recommendations for improving performance.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wel-women-recollections-of-the-some-of-the-first-wel-act-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-wel\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-women-count-a-history-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-electoral-lobby-1952-2010-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-shirley-kral-1953-2015-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young Women's Christian Association of Canberra", "Entry ID": "AWE4883", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-canberra\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Community organisation, Not for profit organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "The YWCA was invited to Canberra by the Federal government in the mid 1920s and established itself there in 1929. While a separate organisation, from its establishment the YWCA of Canberra received significant support from the national and global Young Women's Christian Association movement.\nThe organisation has grown with the local community, providing at first services focused on meeting the physical and spiritual needs of young women coming to work in the new city through the provision of hostel accommodation and recreational activities, such as singing, physical activities, skills development and leadership work. From these early activities, it developed into a community service for women and their families, responding to local and changing needs. The present organisation aims to contribute 'practical feminism', serving local communities, advocating for social change and assisting women to achieve their potential.\n", "Details": "The first General Secretary, Ms Hilda Tapley Short ('Tapley') arrived in Canberra in March 1929 and took on the task of establishing the YWCA of Canberra. She was faced with significant challenges at this time, including lack of funds, the beginning of the Great Depression and a new capital with a population of less than 4000.\nTapley's early work focused on providing hostel accommodation, social activities for the local community, recreation and social support networks and skills development. There was also significant focus on establishing the structure and governance of the organisation to ensure that the YWCA would be here to stay.\nDuring World War II, the YWCA provided support to soldiers, public servants and their families. The YWCA building became an important focus for wartime activities and aimed to provide servicemen with entertainment and companionship in a family style setting. Leave House was opened in a temporary weatherboard hostel in Mort Street and began the organisation's long involvement in providing accommodation to women and girls. After the war, Leave House became a much needed hostel for young women who were not entitled to government accommodation.\nThe 1960s saw significant programs built around young women. Services were provided for women under 18 years old through Girl Citizens and Reserve Girl Citizens and to married women new to Canberra with few supports and networks. The YWCA became a vital way for women to become involved in their local community and build friendships. Plans were also in place to rebuild the hostel, and in April 1970 the Una Porter Centre was opened by HRH Princess Anne. This building provided a 61-bed hostel, a gymnasium, and art and craft, conference and meeting rooms.\nThe 1970s saw the second wave of feminism, and the YWCA continued to contribute in both practical and broader ways, and to advocate on issues of importance to women such as child care. The YWCA also provided some of these childcare services. The Spence Neighbourhood Centre, 'The Lady Heydon Centre', was opened and became one way to connect with the suburbs and provide services for women and their young families. New program areas continued to develop through the 1970s and 1980s as additional needs emerged.\nThe last few decades have seen further evolution of the organisation as both a significant community service provider and a strong women's advocacy organisation. Today the organisation employs 300 staff, operates throughout Canberra in 20 different locations, and provides services across the areas of children's services, youth services, homelessness and accommodation, community development, training and women's leadership. The organisation is committed to changing the community through the leadership of women and to nurture the leadership of young women through its governance, membership and program work.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ywca-canberra-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ywca-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Netball ACT", "Entry ID": "AWE4887", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/netball-act\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The ACT Women's Basketball Association was formed in the early 1940s, with junior and senior teams from both the ACT and neighbouring New South Wales. In 1975, Netball ACT was admitted as a member of the All Australia Netball Association Limited (now Netball Australia). Netball ACT has several District Associations which are autonomous organisations with their own headquarters and netball courts, and is represented in the Australian Netball League by the Canberra Darters.\n", "Details": "Until 1970 in Australia, netball was known as women's basketball, and the ACT Women's Basketball Association was formed in the early 1940s. While netball was played earlier than this in the ACT, mainly between school teams, this was the first formal association. The Association was affiliated with the New South Wales Women's Basketball Association (now Netball NSW).\nEarly venues included Telopea Park High School, Acton Flats and grounds in Turner, with Southwell Park in Lyneham becoming the eventual home of the ACT Netball Centre. By the 1950s many senior and primary school teams, including some from Queanbeyan in neighbouring NSW had joined the Association. Teams also travelled interstate to compete in inter-district competitions and carnivals. Up to and during the 1970s, representative teams played against sides from England, Singapore, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and South Africa.\nWith the approval of Netball NSW, the ACT Association was divided into the Canberra Netball Association and the South Canberra Netball Association in 1970, to cater to the growing number of players. In 1975, Netball ACT was admitted as a member of the All Australia Netball Association Limited (now Netball Australia). This move was supported by Netball NSW, and required a change to Netball Australia's constitution, allowing Territories to be admitted. Mrs Marj McMahon was the first President of Netball ACT, and Jo Grimsley its first Patroness. The first Netball ACT coach was Adele Pight.\nNetball ACT has several District Associations which are autonomous organisations with their own headquarters and netball courts. These include: the Arawang, Belconnen, Canberra, South Canberra and Tuggeranong Netball Associations.\nIn 2008, Netball ACT entered its first National team, the Canberra Darters in the inaugural year of the Australian Netball League (ANL). This was the first year that Netball ACT had competed independently from Australian Institute of Sport teams, and the team continues to improve their results with each season.\nFrom its humble beginning as an affiliate of the larger New South Wales Women's Basketball Association, Netball ACT has grown into a large parent body with its own sub-associations and national representative teams.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/netball-act-the-history-1975-to-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-netball-act\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Canberra Capitals", "Entry ID": "AWE4897", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-capitals\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "Formed in Canberra in 1984, the Capitals have won several Women's National Basketball League titles under coaches Carrie Graf and Tom Maher. Many Capitals players have also played for the Australian Opals at Olympic level. The Capitals have enjoyed great commercial success, and maintain a grass roots relationship with the developing teams and players of the Canberra region.\n", "Details": "Formed in Canberra in 1984, the Capitals won the Australian Women's Basketball Conference in 1985, and entered the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) in 1986. The introduction of coach Carrie Graf in 1999 saw the Capitals win their first WNBL title in the 1999\/2000 season. This win was followed up with several more in 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010. The 2003 win was coached by Tom Maher.\nMany Capitals players have also played for the Australian Opals, including Tully Bevilaqua, Jenny Cheesman, Sue Geh, Lucille Bailie (Hamilton), Fiona Robinson, Shelley Sandie, Jenny Whittle, Eleanor Sharp and Lauren Jackson.\nThe Capitals have been named ACT Team of the Year four times and Carrie Graf has been ACT Coach of the Year three times while coaching the Capitals. Celebrating its 25th anniversary in 2004, the WNBL announced an anniversary team of 10 players and coach. Three Capitals were included in the honorary team: Lauren Jackson, Shelley Sandie and Jenny Cheesman, with Capitals coach Tom Maher named anniversary coach. In 2012, the Capitals were given a plaque on the ACT Honour Walk, located on Ainslie Place between London Circuit and City Walk in Civic, celebrating their contribution to the Canberra community.\nThe Canberra Capitals are owned and managed by ACT Basketball Incorporated, a part of Basketball Canberra which oversees all ACT basketball programs. This association allows the Capitals to maintain a grass roots relationship with the developing teams and players of the Canberra region. The team has enjoyed great commercial success, drawing the largest crowds in the WNBL and unequalled sponsorship agreements.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-capitals-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/club-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Emergency Housekeeper Service", "Entry ID": "AWE4902", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/emergency-housekeeper-service\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "Following preparatory work and approaches to government by the National Council of Women (ACT) and the Nursery Kindergarten Society, the Emergency Housekeeper Service commenced in Canberra in April 1947. A Committee of Management, chaired by the National Council of Women, was established in February 1947 with representatives from the Canberra Mothercraft Society, the Nursery Kindergarten Society and the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). An organising secretary, Ella Buttsworth, was appointed in March 1947. In July 1977, responsibility for providing the service passed to the ACT Division of the Australian Red Cross Society. With ACT self-government in 1989, Home Help Service ACT adopted its own constitution, becoming an incorporated association. It now operates as a community sector not-for-profit organisation that provides quality in-home support to the elderly and people with disabilities and their carers in the ACT, under the Home and Community Care Program and the Veterans' Home Care Program.\n", "Details": "The desirability of establishing an Emergency Housekeeper Service, along the lines of the NSW service, was first discussed at a meeting of the National Council of Women of the ACT in November 1943. Although there was support for the idea, nobody was willing to take the lead and it was not raised again until May 1945 when it became the Council's first big project. The vice-president, Yseult Bailey, undertook to collect information about other State services and formulate a plan for presentation to the Department of the Interior.\nAt the same time, the Nursery Kindergarten Society was collecting information about the working of housekeeper services and had advised the Minister for the Interior, Senator Collings, and Mr Daley in the Civic Administrator's Office of their interests.\nOn 26 September 1945 a joint meeting of interested groups, the National Council of Women, the Nursery Kindergarten Society, the Canberra Mothercraft Society and the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), was held to discuss an Emergency Housekeeper Service (EHS) for Canberra. In 1946 a delegation from the National Council of Women met with the Secretary of the Department of the Interior to urge that a subsidy be given by the government towards the cost of the service. In February 1947 the Council agreed to accept responsibility for the EHS, through a Committee of Management with representatives from the four organisations.\nAn organising secretary was to be appointed (at first part-time) by the Committee to carry out the executive work of the service and to attend its meetings. The first organising secretary was a Canberra war widow, Mrs Ella Buttsworth who took up duty in March 1947. Helen Crisp and Loma Rudduck in 'The Mothering Years' reported that she helped to get the service off to a good start. Robbie Christian was the President from 1948 and held the position for eight years through the difficult formative years.\nThe aim of the service was to enable young children or the elderly to be cared for when illness, accident or hospitalisation prevented the usual care-giver from carrying out the task. The main qualifications required of housekeepers were a knowledge and ability to care for and manage various types of households, the ability to understand and care for children, and good health. They were to live out, with the Committee responsible for finding accommodation.\nIn November 1947, it was proposed that a social worker should be made available from the Department of the Interior to assist the EHS and, as a result, Canberra's first social worker, Miss Horswell, was appointed. The social worker would advise on the conditions of employment of the housekeepers, investigate relative family needs and decide the amount which a family should be asked to pay for the services provided.\nThe early years of the service were difficult with accommodation shortages and a lack of suitable housekeepers. Efforts were made to recruit post-war migrants as housekeepers and in 1950, Robbie Christian and Alice Halsey visited Bonegilla and selected two women for training. Although language proved a difficulty, the housekeepers were taken into Canberra homes where, with the aid of store catalogues and at least one German speaker (Dymphna Clark) they were able to manage within a short period of time.\nIn July 1962, at the request of the Department of the Interior, the EHS offered an Emergency Homehelp Service that provided help on an hourly basis, mainly to assist people who because of age or poor health, needed some part-time assistance to enable them to continue living in their own home. Joyce McConnell took over the chair of the EHS Standing Committee on the retirement of Robbie Christian. The demand for both forms of the service was increasing rapidly with the growth in Canberra's population and by May 1963, 25 full-time and part-time home helps were employed.\nThe organising secretaries of both the Housekeeper Service and the Home Help Service resigned at this time. Following pressure from the Department of the Interior, the Committee of Management proposed to advertise for a Secretary for both services who would use her own car, use her home as an office and receive a salary of between one thousand and thirteen hundred pounds.\nBecause of the growth in the service, an ever increasing subsidy was required and there was a constant tendency for the subsidy to lag behind financial commitments. The September 1965 Annual Report of the EHS reported that the Home Help division of the service had practically doubled in the previous twelve months. This hourly type service was increasingly used by pensioners and since charges were nominal, payments were meeting less than half of salary costs. The National Council of Women (ACT) recognised that it was becoming difficult for a voluntary committee to manage such a large community service. Financial problems continued, with outstanding debts and the costs of staff transport being particular issues of concern to the Committee of Management. In October 1966, the Council reported that the Department of the Interior had agreed to meet all administrative costs and that charges could be adjusted to New South Wales rates. A revised system agreed by the Department was also adopted to reduce charges depending on family circumstances. This new system would bring the EHS within the financial means of every applicant. After a trial period, the Committee recognised that the EHS was helping pensioners and the affluent but the Committee's attempt to bring the service within the financial means of every applicant had been unsuccessful.\nFollowing approaches to the Department of the Interior, a new Committee was established from July 1971 to administer the Emergency Housekeeper and Home Help Service Inc. The Committee consisted of two nominees from the National Council of Women (ACT), one from the ACT Council of Social Service, one from the Association of Social Workers and two from the Department of the Interior. In July 1977, responsibility for providing the service passed to the ACT Division of the Australian Red Cross Society.\nWith ACT self-government in 1989, Home Help Service ACT adopted its own constitution, becoming an incorporated association. On 1 July 2007 Handyhelp ACT Inc. and its programs were assimilated under its umbrella. On 1 July 2011 the organisation became Home Help Service ACT Limited. It operates as a community sector not-for-profit organisation that provides quality in-home support to the elderly and people with disabilities and their carers in the ACT under the Home and Community Care Program and Veterans' Home Care Program.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/home-help-service-act-limited\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/home-help-service-act-hacc-programs\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/capital-women-a-history-of-the-work-of-the-national-council-of-women-a-c-t-in-canberra-1939-1979\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/report-from-act-child-welfare-committee-and-emergency-housekeeper-service-act-advisory-council-1963-6\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/national-council-of-women-of-the-australian-capital-territory-emergency-housekeeper-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom - ACT Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE4909", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-act-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Peace organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "WILPF ACT is a branch of the Australian Section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom-the longest-surviving international women's anti-war organisation.\n", "Details": "The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was formed in 1915 at the height of the First World War. A congress of 1,200 women was held in The Hague, Holland where women from both sides of the conflict came together to advocate for alternatives to war when settling disputes between nation states.\nWILPF is the longest-surviving international women's anti-war organisation and continues today to work for peace, disarmament and human rights. It is committed to emphasising the need for women's equal participation in all aspects of international defence and security decision-making, as well as the essential role of women in conflict prevention and peace building.\nWILPF is in consultative status with the United Nations, its Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and has special consultative relations with the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Labour Organization and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF).\nIn Australia, there are WILPF branches in four states and the ACT. Internationally, WILPF has national sections in 32 countries, across all continents, and international offices in Geneva and New York.\nWILPF's Australian branch has its genesis in the local social justice organisation Sisterhood for International Peace, which formed in Melbourne in 1915. In 1919, some of its members travelled to a WILPF conference in Zurich and on their return reconstituted as WILPF's Australian branch.\nThe ACT branch of WILPF Australia was founded in 1982 at the height of the Cold War. Its first activity was to send delegate Nancy Shelley to New York, in June 1982, to participate in the million strong anti-nuclear rally in Central Park, held prior to the United Nations Second Special Session on Disarmament. On her return Shelley addressed Palm Sunday Peace Rallies and inspired many community groups with her message of the urgent need for disarmament and the power of people to bring about change.\nWILPF ACT women have been involved directly or indirectly in all of WILPF Australia's activities since 1982. These campaigns and events have included:\n1988: Joining in opposition to visits of nuclear-armed ships to Australia during the Bicentennial celebrations\n1994: Sending a mission to monitor the elections in South Africa\n1995: Sponsoring a Peace Train journey from Helsinki to Beijing arriving in time for the UN World Conference of Women\n1997: Participating in the Australian Reconciliation Convention\n2000: Coordinating Australian participation in the World March of Women\n2003: Sponsoring the Children of the Gulf War photographic exhibition, on the effects of depleted uranium on children in Iraq, shown around Australia\n 2010, 2011 and 2012: Participating in the global 16 Days of Activism against Gender Violence Campaign, emphasising the intersections of gender-based violence and militarism.\nOther significant activities have included:\n1986: Participating in the national organising committee of the International Year of Peace, and recommending construction of a Peace Memorial in Canberra\n1989 and 1991: Taking part in national protests against the AIDEX Arms Trade Fairs in Canberra, leading to a ban on such trade fairs in Canberra\n1993: Assisting in the development of the Coalition of Australian Participating Organisations of Women (CAPOW!), a network of national women's organisations, which later coordinated women's participation in the 1995 Beijing UN Women's Conference.\n1998: Attending the national Women's Constitutional Convention, drawing attention to the need for a non-belligerency clause similar to that in the Japanese Constitution\n2001: Coordinating a Coalition of Women for Peace formed in spontaneous response to Australian participation in the US led invasion of Afghanistan which evolved into a 'women building peace' e-list that still functions today\n2005: Celebrating WILPF's 90th anniversary, together with Women in Black and a Chorus of Women, with a week-long Festival of Peace held in the ACT Legislative Assembly. Margaret Bearlin, Hellen Cooke, Barbara Meyer and other members of WILPF ACT published a full report of the event, funded by the ACT Women's Grants Program, copies of which were sent to all schools and libraries in the ACT.\n2008: Writing WILPF's national submission in response to the Defence White Paper and speaking at the Canberra public consultation\n2009: Organising a silent vigil on Anzac Day at the Peace Memorial which has become an annual event and is intended as an opportunity to reflect on the grief, suffering and waste of war.\nFrom 2002 onwards, WILPF ACT has played an important role in the development of Australia's response to the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 'Women Peace and Security'. WILPF ACT formed the national WILPF 1325 Working Group who have since organised workshops for women's organisations, locally and nationally, spoken at international conferences within Australia, and launched the www.1325australia website, funded by a grant awarded by the Office for the Status of Women.\nIn August 2012, WILPF ACT members participated in the launch of the Side by Side DVD and educational toolkit on UNSC Resolution 1325 at Parliament House in Canberra. At this launch WILPF received a vote of thanks for its leading role in the development of Australia's National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security 2012-2018.\nWILPF ACT and the Australian branch work closely with related organisations such as the United Nations Association of Australia, the Medical Association for Prevention of War, Women in Black, UN Women, A Chorus of Women and the Equal Rights Alliance. The work of WILPF is funded by members and supporters and is independent of governments.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-record-of-a-festival-of-peace-celebrating-90-years-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-supporting-each-other-in-building-peace-17-24-october-2005\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/peace-and-freedom-journal\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/side-by-side-women-peace-and-security\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-1915-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/margaret-bearlin-interviewed-by-biff-ward-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-australian-section-1943-2014-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Country Women's Association of New South Wales, Canberra Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE4911", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-new-south-wales-canberra-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The Canberra Branch is the oldest of four located in the Australian Capital Territory. All four belong to the Monaro Group of the Country Women's Association of NSW. The Canberra Branch was founded in 1946. By March 1953 the members had raised enough funds to build their own rooms on the edge of what was then the Central Business District of Canberra. In the early 1980s high-rise office blocks were being built next to the rooms and the branch was able to negotiate the sale of its lease to a developer who provided the branch with a large area of the ground floor of a new building on Barry Drive. The branch provides education, health and social welfare support to its community with the funds it raises and through its crafts and cooking.\n", "Details": "The Canberra Branch of the CWA was formed in 1946. At its first meeting on 20 November in the Lady Gowrie Services Hut in Manuka, Wilga Ryrie was elected president. The other founding office-bearers were Mrs A D Campbell, Mrs Jeremy, Mrs G Campbell, Mrs Garrett, Mrs R Reid, Mrs O Dixon, Mrs R N Hancock and Mrs L Baird.\nEarly activities included food parcels for England and donating books to the Bungendore Library, then run by the local CWA branch. The Canberra Branch started to provide afternoon teas at the annual sheep sales and the races (at a racecourse which is now under Lake Burley Griffin). Other afternoon teas, cake stalls and street stalls raised more funds. A ball raised money for the Seaside Homes and a fete was held at Government House, both within the Branch's first two years of existence.\nAs early as April 1948 the Branch decided to lodge an application for land on which to build rooms. An offer of a block of land in 1949 had to be refused due to insufficient funds. The Branch met in various places around Canberra, including in the premises of the Young Women's Christian Association. By April 1951 its building fund contained \u00a3530. Some of this had been earned from the sale of wool donated by graziers and some came from functions, including a fete at the Prime Minister's Lodge.\nThe CWA State Executive offered to lend the Branch \u00a3600 towards a building, estimated to cost \u00a31360. Bertha Mac Smith, who had opened the Branch's first meeting in 1946, was invited to open the new building on Moore Street, Turner, on 14 March 1953. The final loan from the State Executive was \u00a31000, at bank interest, paid off only two years later.\nBy 1959 the Branch had so many members and activities that extensions to the building were needed. At this time there were few alternatives for women in Canberra who were not in the workforce. Again, members' fundraising paid for the extensions.\nDame Pattie Menzies was Patron of the Branch from 1955 to 1962. Dame Zara Holt (later Dame Zara Bate) succeeded her in 1967. Alice Pedley held the position from 1974 to 1981, followed by Dorothy Buckmaster in 1986 to 1988 and Joan Huston from 1989.\nBy the early 1980s high-rise office blocks surrounded the CWA building and the desirability of its location was obvious to all. A committee of the Branch investigated how best to deal with the development pressures. In May 1985 their single-storey building was demolished. This time the Uniting Church Hall in Reid became the temporary home. The Branch was able to move into its new premises on Barry Drive in Civic on 6 February 1988. The opening was performed by the State President, Audrey Hardman OAM.\nThe Branch now awards grants to Year 12 students and young carers in Canberra. The funds come from the interest derived from investing the bequest to the Canberra Branch by the late Salme Koobakene who was\na strong supporter of secondary and tertiary education, and showed a keen interest in the welfare of young carers in the Canberra community. The number of scholarships and carers' grants is dependent on the interest from the bequest in any given year. The interest is divided equally between the Canberra Branch and the Monaro Group. This Group uses its share to provide scholarships along similar lines. These scholarships are additional to scholarships provided by the Canberra Branch from normal funds. A nursing student at the University of Canberra also receives a grant from Canberra Branch funds each year.\nMore traditional Branch activities include knitting bootees and beanies for babies in the neo-natal unit in the Canberra Hospital and knee rugs for Canberra's hospice and its nursing homes. Members prepare bags for patients admitted to Canberra through its emergency departments. They collect goods for women in country areas affected by drought or floods. They make and bag biscuits several times a year for the St Vincent de Paul Night Patrol Van.\nAs well, they participate in the activities of the CWA of NSW, including those aimed at changing government policies at the State and Federal levels.\nAn international program has been a tradition first introduced by the CWA in 1938. The Canberra Branch's early food parcels for England were followed by silver coin donations for Holland. The first country of focussed study was New Zealand in 1947. More recently, members have helped with aid programs in Timor Leste, while Morocco is the latest focus.\nParticipants in the Canberra Branch's cultural program entertain every Social Day on the first Friday of the month. They can provide their own musical or dramatic presentations or invite in guest speakers and performers. The Canberra School of Music, the Canberra Youth Orchestra and the local Scottish dancers have provided particular enjoyment.\nThe three younger branches of the CWA in the urban Australian Capital Territory are known as Belconnen, Canberra Evening (formed in 1988) and Gunghalin. A Weetangera Branch existed but had closed before the Canberra Branch started in 1946. A Tharwa Branch was opened in 1957 but closed four years later.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-nsw-canberra-branch-know-your-cwa\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-lady-denman-to-katy-gallagher-a-century-of-womens-contributions-to-canberra\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-1959-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia-1945-1969-2003-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE4914", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Trade Union", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-blueprint-for-union-organising-multiplying-the-membership-in-the-australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-1989-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Aboriginal Legal Service", "Entry ID": "AWE5376", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-legal-service\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Aboriginal Legal Service has its origins in police harassment of Aborigines living in the Sydney suburb of Redfern in the late 1960s. Reacting against what was perceived as a deliberate campaign of victimisation and intimidation, a group of young activists including Paul Coe, Isobel Coe, Gary Williams, Gary Foley and Tony Coorey began a surveillance operation against the local police force. By systematically documenting police behaviour towards the local Aboriginal community, the group gathered enough evidence to persuade Hal Wootten, then Dean of Law at the University of New South Wales, to assist them in setting up the Aboriginal Legal Service of New South Wales. The ALS was formally established in October 1970.\nThe New South Wales ALS served as an example for indigenous Australians in other States and Territories. The South Australian Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement was established in November 1971. In Victoria, activists from the Aborigines' Advancement League helped to establish the Victorian Legal Service in June 1972 with assistance from law academics at Monash University. This replaced the ad hoc representation that the Aborigines' Advancement League had often arranged for local Aboriginal people appearing before court. Queensland and Western Australia also established voluntary services in 1972, and there was an Aboriginal Legal Service in every State and Territory by 1974.\nAlthough these legal services have worked closely with sympathetic professionals of non-Aboriginal descent, they were founded upon the principle of Indigenous self-determination and continue to uphold this principle as part of a continuing resistance to dispossession.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-legal-service-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-short-history-of-the-als\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Administrative Appeals Tribunal", "Entry ID": "AWE5377", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/administrative-appeals-tribunal\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Administrative Appeals Tribunal was established under the Commonwealth Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act (1975) and commenced operations on 1 July 1976. The Tribunal was set up to provide an independent review mechanism for administrative decisions made by Australian Government ministers, departments, agencies, and some other tribunals. In limited circumstances, the Tribunal also had powers to review administrative decisions made by state government and non-government bodies. The Tribunal also had some powers to review decisions made by the Norfolk Island Government.\nOn 13 May 2014 the Government announced that the Administrative Appeals Tribunal would be amalgamated with the Migration Review Tribunal, Refugee Review Tribunal, Social Security Appeals Tribunal and Classification Review Board with effect from 1 July 2015.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory", "Entry ID": "AWE5379", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-the-australian-capital-territory\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory", "Summary": "The Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory was established by the Commonwealth Seat of Government Supreme Court Act, 1933. It commenced operation from 1 January 1934 as the superior court of record for matters originating in the ACT. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters (although matters involving less than $250 000 are usually brought in the Magistrates Court), and hears the most serious criminal matters.\nWithin the Australian court system it is one of eight state and territory Supreme Courts having unlimited jurisdiction in their respective parts of Australia. These Supreme Courts are second only to the High Court of Australia as the final court of appeal in the Australian judicial hierarchy.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women Lawyers", "Entry ID": "AWE5565", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Peak Body, Professional Association", "Summary": "Australian Women Lawyers (AWL) Limited is the peak body for women lawyers associations throughout Australia. The association was established on 9 September 1997, in Melbourne, Victoria.\nConcerned primarily issues relating to the practice and advancement of women in the legal profession, AWL's founding principals, as reflected in AWL's inaugural Memorandum of Association, executed on 9 September, are to:\n\nachieve justice and equality for all women;\nfurther understanding and support for the legal rights of all women;\nidentify, highlight and eradicate discrimination against women inherent in the legal system and in the community generally;\nadvance equality for women in the legal profession;\ncreate and enhance awareness of women's contribution to the practice and development of law;\nprovide a professional and social network for women lawyers.\n\nThe founding patron of AWL was the Hon. Justice Mary Gaudron QC who was appointed to the position on 19 September 1997. She held the position until 20 February 2009. The first AWL President was Victorian QC, Alexandra Richards, who held the role for four years 1997-2001.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-lawyers-website\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Lawyers", "Entry ID": "AWE5566", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-lawyers\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Professional Association", "Summary": "Incorporated in 1996 as a not-for-profit association, Victorian Women Lawyers (VWL) is the peak representative body of women lawyers in Victoria, and a recognised organisation of Australian Women Lawyers. Ms Deanne Weir was appointed first convenor.\nOne of VWL's key objectives is to promote the understanding and support of women's legal and human rights. We work to fulfil that objective through a variety of means, including by identifying, highlighting and eradicating discrimination against women in law and in the legal system, as well as by seeking to achieve justice and equality for all women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Lawyers Association of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE5568", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-lawyers-association-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Professional Association", "Summary": "The Women Lawyers' Association of New South Wales was formally established in 1952, making it the first formal association of its kind in Australia. It's key objectives, as set out in the constitution, were:\n\nto provide a common meeting ground for women lawyers;\nto foster the growth of a corporate spirit among women lawyers;\nto make suggestions and work for the reform of the law and the administration of the law particularly as affecting women and children;\nto assist with such movements for the advancement of women as the Association may from time to time decide;\nto participate as a body in matters of interest to the legal profession;\nsuch other objects as the association shall in general meeting from time to time decide.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-women-in-the-legal-profession-in-new-south-wales\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Lawyers' Association South Australia Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE5570", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-lawyers-association-south-australia-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Professional Association", "Summary": "The Women Lawyers' Association of South Australia was incorporated in July 1998, although the need for a women's association had been discussed well before then and was long in the making.\nOn 21st September 1988 a meeting was held at the Law Society to discuss forming a women lawyers group. Over 95 women attended and 60 more sent their apologies. This represented more than half of the women practising law at that time and clearly indicated that the concept of a women lawyers committee or group had considerable support.\nThe Women Lawyers Committee of the Law Society was formally established in April 1989. A volunteer committee took responsibility for running the section, which has continued to this day. Following the establishment of Australian Women Lawyers in 1997, the Women Lawyers Association of South Australia Inc. has operated as an independently incorporated body, although their activities remain intertwined with those of the Women Lawyers Committee of the Law Society.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tasmanian Women Lawyers", "Entry ID": "AWE5571", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tasmanian-women-lawyers\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Professional Association", "Summary": "The first meeting of Women Lawyers Association of Tasmania was held on 17 May 1976, and the association remained active until 1979, when meetings stopped for a short time. The organisation was reformed in 1985, following a meeting at Ross on 24 February 1985 when a motion was passed that the association was a viable proposition and should be continued.\nThe Women Lawyers Association of Tasmania was incorporated in 2002 and in 2008 the organisation changed its name to Tasmanian Women Lawyers.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Lawyers' Association of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5621", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-lawyers-association-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia", "Occupations": "Professional Association, Women's organisation", "Summary": "In 1982, Vivien Payne, Antoinette (Toni) Kennedy, Diana Bryant, Anne Payne, Christine Wheeler, Rhonda Griffiths, Becky Vidler and Kim Rooney established the Women Lawyers' Association of Western Australia (WLWA). Vivian Payne was its first president.\nSince formation WLWA has actively lobbied for and achieved a number of changes in the legal profession, such as the introduction of flexible work practices, the inclusion of sexual harassment as a breach of the professional conduct rules, consultations with the State Government and the Chief Justice concerning appointments of Judges and Senior Counsel and the introduction of a model briefing policy to promote equal opportunities in briefing practices.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Lawyers' Association of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE5641", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-lawyers-association-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Professional Association" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sisters Inside Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE5645", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-inside-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "human rights organisation", "Summary": "Sisters Inside Inc. is an independent community organisation that exists to advocate for the human rights of women in the criminal justice system, and to address gaps in the services available to them.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-speeches\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-resources\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Zonta Club of Brisbane", "Entry ID": "AWE5651", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/zonta-club-of-brisbane\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Brisbane was the first Zonta Club in Queensland. It was chartered on October 1, 1971.\nIn addition to supporting international projects through the Zonta International Foundation, the Zonta Club of Brisbane also supports a variety of local projects and awards.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-438-zonta-club-of-brisbane-records-1982-2011\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Federal Court of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5740", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-court-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Federal Court of Australia was created by the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 and began to exercise its jurisdiction on 1 February 1977. It is a superior court of record and a court of law and equity. It sits in all capital cities and elsewhere in Australia from time to time.\nThe Court's jurisdiction is broad, covering almost all civil matters arising under Australian Federal law and some summary and indictable criminal matters.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Family Court of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5741", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-court-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Family Court is a superior court of record established by Parliament in 1975 under Chapter 3 of the Constitution and deals with more complex matters. These may include:\n\nParenting cases including those that involve a child welfare agency and\/or allegations of sexual abuse or serious physical abuse of a child (Magellan cases), family violence and\/or mental health issues with other complexities, multiple parties, complex cases where orders sought having the effect of preventing a parent from communicating with or spending time with a child, multiple expert witnesses, complex questions of law and\/or special jurisdictional issues, international child abduction under the Hague Convention, special medical procedures and international relocation.\nFinancial cases that involve multiple parties, valuation of complex interests in trusts or corporate structures, including minority interests, multiple expert witnesses, complex questions of law and\/or jurisdictional issues (including accrued jurisdiction) or complex issues concerning superannuation (such as complex valuations of defined benefit superannuation schemes).\n\nIt commenced operations on 5 January 1976 and consists of a Chief Justice, a Deputy Chief Justice and other judges.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Northern Territory Local Court", "Entry ID": "AWE5942", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/northern-territory-local-court\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Northern Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The Northern Territory Local Court was established by the Local Court Act 2015. The Court hears criminal and civil matters. Among changes to be introduced in 2016, magistrates were renamed judges and the limit of civil claims was raised from $100,000 to $250,000.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Northern Territory Women Lawyers' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE5943", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/northern-territory-women-lawyers-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Northern Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The Northern Territory Women Lawyers' Association was established in the 1980s.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Barristers Forum - New South Wales Bar", "Entry ID": "AWE5944", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-forum-new-south-wales-bar\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "Formally established in 2004, the Women Barristers Forum (WBF) is a section of the New South Wales Bar which was created to promote and support women at the New South Wales Bar.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Barristers Association (Victoria)", "Entry ID": "AWE5945", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-barristers-association-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Formed in 1993, the Women Barristers' Association (WBA) is open to all members of the Victorian Bar to join. The Hon. Marilyn Warren AC, Chief Justice of Victoria, is the current patron of the WBA. The WBA's aims are to:\n\n Provide a professional and social network for women barristers;\n Promote awareness, discussion and resolution of issues which particularly affect women;\nIdentify, highlight and eradicate discrimination against women in law and in the legal system;\nAdvance equality for women across the legal profession generally.\n\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tasmania Law Reform Institute", "Entry ID": "AWE5946", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tasmania-law-reform-institute\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Hobart, Tasmania, Australia", "Summary": "The Tasmania Law Reform Institute is Tasmania's principal law reform body. Established on 23 July 2001 through a signed agreement between the State Government, the University of Tasmania and the Law Society of Tasmania, it is based in the Faculty of Law at the University's Sandy Bay campus. Its functions include the review of laws with a view to:\n\nmodernising the law;\neliminating defects in the law;\nsimplifying the law;\nconsolidating any laws;\nrepealing laws that are obsolete or unnecessary;\ncreating uniformity between laws of other States and the Commonwealth.\n\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5947", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1861, the Supreme Court is the highest court in Western Australia, with responsibility for both criminal and civil matters. Additionally, it is the State's main appeal court. The Supreme Court is divided into two divisions - the General Division and the Court of Appeal. The Court comprises the Chief Justice,\u00a020 Judges, one Master, the Principal Registrar and eight Registrars.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal", "Entry ID": "AWE5948", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-western-australia-court-of-appeal\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Court of Appeal Division of the Supreme Court was established on 1 February 2005 following the proclamation of the Acts Amendment (Court of Appeal) Act 2004. The Court hears appeals from decisions of a single judge of the Supreme Court and from judges of the District Court as well as various other courts and tribunals. It also hears criminal appeals against sentences, such as the length of imprisonment, and appeals against conviction.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE5949", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Supreme Court of Victoria is the superior court in the State. As such, it hears among the most serious criminal, and complex civil, cases in the state, as well as some appeals from Victorian courts and tribunals. It comprises two divisions, namely the Trial Division and the Court of Appeal. The Supreme Court sat for the first time on 10 February 1852.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal", "Entry ID": "AWE5950", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-victoria-court-of-appeal\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1994, the Court of Appeal - one of the two divisions of the Supreme Court of Victoria (the other being the Trial Division) - determines whether a trial was conducted fairly, and whether the law was correctly applied. A bench, usually comprising three judges, hears criminal or civil cases decided in the County Court or Supreme Court Trial Division, and some appeals from the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal. Currently 12 judges serve on the Court of Appeal.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5951", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Supreme Court of South Australia is the superior court of the State and is a court of both law and equity. It deals with the most important civil cases and the most serious criminal matters. In its appellate jurisdiction, the Supreme Court reviews and determines errors which may have occurred in other courts of the State and interprets and expounds the law for the guidance of other courts. The court was set up by ordinance of 7 Will. IV c.5 on 2 January 1837, five days after the Colony of South Australia was founded. Its first sitting was held on 13 May 1837.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE5952", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "The Supreme Court is the highest court in Queensland. It is made up of two divisions: the Trial Division and the Court of Appeal. While the Trial Division hears the most serious criminal cases, as well as all civil matters involving amounts of more than $750,000, the Court of Appeal hears appeals from the District and Supreme Courts and also from tribunals.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal", "Entry ID": "AWE5953", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/supreme-court-of-queensland-court-of-appeal\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "The Court of Appeal is one of the two divisions of the Supreme Court of Queensland, the other being the Trial Division. Established in 1991, the Court of Appeal hears appeals from the District and Supreme Courts and from tribunals. Decisions of the Court of Appeal are made by a panel of three to five judges of the Supreme Court.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Northern Territory Anti-Discrimination Commission", "Entry ID": "AWE5954", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/northern-territory-anti-discrimination-commission\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The Northern Territory Anti-Discrimination Commission was established in 1993 with the aim of eliminating discrimination by raising awareness about the rights and responsibilities of individuals under the Northern Territory Anti-Discrimination Act. The Commission has three main roles: public education and training; the handling of complaints and community engagement.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Magistrates' Court of South Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5955", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/magistrates-court-of-south-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Magistrates' Court of South Australia was established by the Magistrates Court Act 1991. The Court handles the greatest proportion of litigation in the State. It has four jurisdictions: Civil (General Claims); Civil (Minor Claims); Civil (Consumer and Business) and Criminal.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "A.C.T. Magistrates Court", "Entry ID": "AWE5956", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-c-t-magistrates-court\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "ACT, Australia", "Summary": "The A.C.T. (Australian Capital Territory) Magistrates Court (known as the Court of Petty Sessions from November 1930 until 1 February 1986) operates under the Magistrates Court Act 1930. The Act provides the Court with summary jurisdiction to hear both civil and criminal matters. Magistrates in the A.C.T. are appointed by the executive government after having worked as legal practitioners for more than five years. Magistrates hear civil disputes between individuals or\u00a0groups such as corporations and associations; they also hear A.C.T. offences which carry a maximum sentence of two years imprisonment or less and Commonwealth offences with a maximum penalty of less than one year. In addition, they hear matters in\u00a0the Children's Court, Coroner's Court and Industrial Court.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "High Court of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5957", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/high-court-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "The High Court is the highest court in the Australian judicial system. Established in 1901 by Section 71 of the Constitution, the functions of the High Court are: to interpret and apply the law of Australia; to decide cases of special federal significance including challenges to the constitutional validity of laws and to hear appeals, by special leave, from Federal, State and Territory courts. The High Court has a maximum of seven justices, including a chief justice.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Federal Circuit Court of Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5958", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-circuit-court-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "Formerly known as the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia, the Federal Circuit Court of Australia is an independent federal court under the Australian Constitution which was established by the Federal Circuit Court of Australia Act 1999 (formerly the Federal Magistrates Act). The jurisdiction of the Federal Circuit Court broadly includes family law and child support, administrative law, admiralty law, bankruptcy, copyright, human rights, industrial law, migration, privacy and trade practices. The first chief magistrate of the Federal Circuit Court was the Hon. Diana Bryant AO, the current Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Family Law Council", "Entry ID": "AWE5959", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/family-law-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "The Family Law Council, which began operations in 1976, is a statutory authority established under section 115 of the Family Law Act 1975. It advises and makes recommendations to the Attorney-General with regard to: the workings of the Family Law Act and other legislation relating to family law; the working of legal aid in relation to family law and any other matters relating to family law. The Council comprises a chairperson and usually eight to 10 members who are appointed by the Attorney-General in consultation with the Prime Minister and Cabinet.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "District Court of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE5960", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/district-court-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "The District Court is constituted under the District Court of Queensland Act 1967 (QLD). It deals with serious criminal offences such as rape, armed robbery and fraud. It also hears appeals from cases decided in the Magistrates' Court and disputes involving sums greater than $150,000 but less than $750,000. The judges of the District Court also sit in the Planning and Environment Court and in the Children's Court of Queensland.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "District Court of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE5961", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/district-court-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The District Court of New South Wales is the intermediate court in the state's judicial hierarchy. It is a trial court - the largest in Australia - and it has an appellate jurisdiction. The Court's judges, of which there are more than 60, also preside over a number of tribunals. The District Court Act 1858 (22 Vic No 18), which was assented to on 12 November 1858, established district courts and divided the then Colony of New South Wales into Districts. The District Court Act 1973 established a single District Court of New South Wales, with a state-wide criminal and civil jurisdiction.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "County Court of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE5962", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/county-court-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The County Court of Victoria is the intermediate court in the Victorian court hierarchy and the principal trial court in the State. County Courts were established in 1852 by the County Courts Act, which was amended in 1957 to create one County Court in, and for, the State of Victoria.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children's Court of Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE5963", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/childrens-court-of-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Children's Court of Western Australia deals with offences alleged to have been committed by young people aged 10 to 17 years. The Court began as the Perth Children's Court under the State Children's Act 1907 and operated within the City of Perth. Following amendments to the Act, the Court was permitted to sit in the metropolitan area. With the passing of the Children's Court of WA Act 1988, it became known as the Children's Court of WA.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Children's Court of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE5964", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/childrens-court-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1992, the Children's Court of Queensland (CCQ) deals with all juveniles who commit criminal offences while under the age of 17 years, unless the court orders that the matter be dealt with in an adult court. The CCQ is presided over by judges who have been appointed from the District Court. There is no jury. Matters are heard in accordance with the guidelines set down in the Children's Court Act 1992 and the Youth Justice Act 1992. Matters involving children can, in addition, be heard in the Magistrates or Supreme Court.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Human Rights Commission", "Entry ID": "AWE5965", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-human-rights-commission\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "Formerly known as the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, the Australian Human Rights Commission is Australia's national human rights watchdog. An independent statutory body which reports to the Parliament of Australia through the Attorney-General, it was established on 10 December 1986 and comprises: a president and seven commissioners; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner; Age Discrimination Commissioner; Children's Commissioner; Disability Discrimination Commissioner; Human Rights Commissioner; Race Discrimination Commissioner and a Sex Discrimination Commissioner\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Administrative Review Council", "Entry ID": "AWE5966", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/administrative-review-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "The Administrative Review Council, a separate advisory body until 2015, when its functions were consolidated into the Attorney-General's Department, is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the Australian system of administrative review. Established to provide advice to the Attorney-General on strategic and operational matters relating to that system, the Council first met on 15 November 1976. It currently comprises five ex officio members and two appointed members.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Magistrates' Court of Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE5967", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/magistrates-court-of-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "The Magistrates Court represents the first tier of the Queensland Courts system. It is the place where most criminal cases are first heard; it is also where most civil actions are heard. It deals with civil cases where the amount in dispute is $150,000 or less. Some minor family law matters are dealt with by the Court as too are matters covered by the Customs Act 1901, the Social Security Act 1991 and the Taxation Act 1953. The Court also hears the majority of domestic violence matters, and applications for child protection orders.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Association of Women Judges", "Entry ID": "AWE5968", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-association-of-women-judges\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "Founded in 1991(?) by the Hon. Justice Jane Mathews AO of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, the Australian Association of Women Judges (AAWJ) is the Australian member association of the Washington DC-based International Association of Women Judges (IAWJ), a non-profit, non-governmental organization whose members represent all levels of the judiciary worldwide and whose activities are centred round support for women in the judiciary, and access to justice. The current president of the AAWJ is Her Hon. Judge Robyn Tupman of the District Court of New South Wales.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Magistrates' Court of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE5969", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/magistrates-court-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "The Magistrates' Court is the busiest court in Victoria, with 53 different locations around Victoria and handling approximately 90% of all cases which come before Victorian courts each year. It covers the main areas of: Criminal Matters and Traffic Offences; Money Claims and Civil Disputes; Family Law; Family Violence and Intervention Orders; Fines and Penalties, including the Infringements Court; Specialist Court Jurisdictions, including the Drug Court and Koori Court.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australia women's national rugby sevens team", "Entry ID": "AWE6041", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australia-womens-national-rugby-sevens-team\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Olympic sports team, Sports Team", "Summary": "The Australia women's national rugby sevens team represents Australia at a national level. They were champions of the inaugural Women's Sevens World Cup in 2009 and in 2016 they won the inaugural gold medal at the Rio Olympics.\n", "Events": "Rugby Sevens (2016 - 2016)" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Council for Women", "Entry ID": "AWE6051", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-council-for-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Women's organisation, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Australian Council for Women (ACW) was established in late 1993, replacing the National Women's Consultative Council, to co-ordinate planning in Australia for the Fourth World Conference on Women to be held in Beijing in September 1995 and to consult with women and transmit their concerns and ideas to the government. Council members travelled widely in Australia, meeting women and consulting with community groups.\nOn International Women's Day 1994 the ACW launched its Purple Postcard survey, asking women to list one concern, and sent questionnaires to non-government organisations. The major issues emerging from the survey were fear of violence, breast cancer, and the cost and availability of child care.\nIn February 1995, the ACW released its report listing strategies to tackle these issues of concern, to be included in Australia's presentation to the UN Fourth World Conference. The ACW Chair, Sandra Yates, was a delegate to the Beijing conference and advisor to the Australian official delegation which was led by Dr Carmen Lawrence, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women and Minister for Health. The Council was disestablished on 31 December 1995.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/un-fourth-world-conference-on-women-planning-setbacks-and-achievements\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-report-to-the-australian-government-from-the-australian-council-for-women\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oke-marjorie-1911-2003\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-council-for-women-acw-collection-njsn_ac-005\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Gippsland Women's Network", "Entry ID": "AWE6052", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/gippsland-womens-network\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Gippsland, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's organisation, Women's reform group, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Gippsland Women's Network (GWN) was incorporated in 2006. It had its beginnings in the 1970s-1980s during a time of rural recession, when farming women in the Gippsland area of Victoria began an active role in lobbying the Australian government for financial support, putting together proposals for ways to better market the products of their region. From those early days, the GWN has broadened its role to encompass a variety of activities aimed at raising the profile of women in the rural sector. This has included developing projects and running seminars and workshops aimed at fostering the establishment of community networks, and empowering rural women to take a more active role in creating a sustainable future for their communities.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-gippsland-womens-network-1994-2006-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Political Studies Association Women's Caucus", "Entry ID": "AWE6055", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-political-studies-association-womens-caucus\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Professional Association, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "The Women's Caucus of the then Australasian Political Studies Association (APSA) was established in 1979. It was set up to improve the standing of women in the political science profession and to promote the study of women and politics. The annual general meeting of the Women's Caucus is held during the annual conference of APSA. A representative serves on the APSA Executive. The caucus conducts regular reviews of the status of women in the profession and of the extent of the successful implementation of APSA's policy that the study of women should be integrated into all politics courses.\n", "Details": "The Australasian Political Studies Association's (APSA) Women's Caucus was established on the initiative of Marian Sawer and Carole Pateman at APSA's 1979 conference in Hobart. Its purpose is to improve the status of women in the profession of political science and to make women visible in the political system particularly as it is studied through the discipline of Political Science. An immediate success was the inclusion of Carole Pateman on the Executive of APSA as Vice-President.\nMarian Sawer lists a number of activities of the Women's Caucus including:\n\nincreasing the representation of women on the APSA Executive including as President,\ninspiring a more gender-inclusive journal,\nmaking the Annual Conferences more woman-friendly,\ninstigating regular audits of the status of women in the profession,\nmonitoring the gender inclusiveness of curriculum and textbooks,\nrecording the completion of thesis research with a gender focus.\n\nThe Women's Caucus has also initiated and sustained prizes for research and study in the field of political science.\n\nIn 2018 the winner of the first Thelma Hunter PhD Prize for the best thesis on women and\/or gender and politics will be announced. This will replace the Women and Politics Prize which was awarded from 1982 to 2016.\nThe Carole Pateman Prize is given for the best book on the topic of gender and politics.\nThe Academic Leadership in Political Science Award was established by the Executive Committee of APSA in response to recommendations made by the Women's Advancement in Australian Political Science report (2012). It recognises inclusive and collaborative leadership, of particular importance to women and members of non-dominant groups, but also of benefit to all emerging scholars.\n\nThe Women's Caucus published an electronic newsletter WAPSA News from 1994 to 1995 and then created the moderated email discussion list Ausfem-Polnet in 1996. By 2003 this list had some 900 subscribers including many women working within government.\nMadeline Grey's 2014 assessment of women's leadership in the field of Political Science makes three points.\n\nThe APSA Women's Caucus has allowed women political scientists to work collectively to exert influence and implement initiatives,\nTheir contributions to a feminist body of scholarship through the Australian Journal of Political Science and other national and international publications has laid the groundwork for transforming the discipline,\nThe creation of the Women's Caucus, a specific structure with a clear mandate to focus on gender issues, has played an important role in supporting women to challenge the status quo and promote change.\n\nIn these ways, the APSA Women's Caucus has been a significant influence on both the profession and the discipline of Political Science.\nThis entry was sponsored by a generous donation from the late Dr Thelma Hunter.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/political-science\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-impact-of-feminist-scholarship-on-australian-political-science\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-political-studies-association-website\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/politics-the-journal-of-the-australasian-political-studies-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-journal-of-political-science\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-australasian-political-studies-association\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-who-caucus-feminist-political-scientists\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-the-australasian-political-studies-association\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australasian-political-studies-association-1956-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Teachers' Union", "Entry ID": "AWE6093", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-teachers-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Union", "Summary": "The Victorian Teachers' Union (VTU) was established in 1926 following negotiations between the Victorian State School Teachers' Union, the Victorian High School Teachers' Union and the Victorian Technical Teachers' Union.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1954-1960-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-teachers-union-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-victorian-teachers-union-in-the-riley-collection-circa-1966-1973-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-teachers-union-deposit-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-teachers-union-deposit-1\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-teachers-union-deposit-4\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-teachers-union-deposit-3\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Women's Walking Club", "Entry ID": "AWE6115", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-womens-walking-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Melbourne Women's Walking Club was formed in 1922 by a group of young women excluded from the men-only Melbourne Walking Club. The Club pioneered treks with packhorses supplied by the mountain cattlemen who also acted as guides. In 1936 three members walked the Barry Mountains, the first women to do so.\nOver the years their dress changed from long skirts to short skirts to riding breeches (then the only acceptable form of trousers for women). Finally in the 1930s they defied all conventions by wearing specially tailored shorts. World War 2 curtailed activities and led to a decline in the 1950s, but the club rallied and grew again. Later, groups began to travel further afield, both interstate and overseas. Recently there has been an influx of new members and the club continues to provide a wide variety of activities. 'Still on Track' is the Club's centenary history.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/still-on-track-100-years-of-the-melbourne-womens-walking-club\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interviews-and-memoirs-of-members-1920-1980\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-members-n-d-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dorothy-dudgeon-and-others-from-the-melbourne-womens-bushwalking-club-1928-1930-picture\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Archives Project", "Entry ID": "AWE6121", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-archives-project\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Activist organisation, Feminist organisation", "Summary": "In March 2000, the National Foundation for Australian Women (NFAW) established the Australian Women's Archives Project (AWAP) in order to support the preservation of Australian women's archival resources. The project is a joint venture with the University of Melbourne, with staff in the School of Historical Studies providing assistance in the area of historical research, and the eScholarship Research centre providing technical innovation and support.\n", "Details": "AWAP is now an authoritative resource for information on women and their roles in Australia's history. The activities of the AWAP include:\n\nConducting original research and compiling information about women's history\nMaking that information available on the web through the Australian Women's Register.\nCelebrating groups of women including sportswomen, migrants, scientists and parliamentarians in the AWAP Showcase.\nEncouraging Australian women and women's organisations to discover and preserve their stories by depositing their records in archives and libraries for the use of further generations.\n\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-australian-womens-archives-project-2001-2012-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "ANU Club for Women Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6139", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anu-club-for-women-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Summary": "The ANU Club for Women Inc was established in 1961 by the Vice Chancellor's wife, Lady Molly Huxley. It was formed to provide support to the families of academics, staff, and visitors coming to the University.\nOriginally membership of the Club consisted mostly of wives of academics, past Vice Chancellors' wives and professional officers of the ANU. Today, however, members include all staff, as well as those who have a close association with the ANU.\nThe Club has various sub-groups, including: the Monday Group; the Bushwalking Group, the Morning Book Reading Group; and the Evening Book Reading Group.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/anu-club-for-women-administrative-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Balcombe Ladies' Auxiliary", "Entry ID": "AWE6174", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/balcombe-ladies-auxiliary\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-of-the-balcombe-ladies-auxiliary\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rural Australians for Refugees (RAR)", "Entry ID": "AWE6254", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rural-australians-for-refugees-rar\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocate", "Summary": "Rural Australians for Refugees (RAR) was established in numerous New South Wales towns in 2001, with public meetings in Bowral and Armidale. Further public meetings were held in Cootamundra and Lismore and groups were launched in Orange and Goulburn. RAR then spread to Victoria, followed by other Australian states.\nThe group was originally founded by Anne Coombs, Susan Varga and Helen McCue.\nRAR consists of Australian citizens living in rural and regional areas who aim to change Australia's policy on refugees and asylum seekers towards a more humane approach.\nToday RAR:\n- Aims to raise public awareness of the issues involving asylum seekers and refugees\n- Writes letters to newspapers and politicians\n- Meets members of parliament to challenge inhumane policies\n- Provides practical help to local refugees\n- Fundraises for asylum seekers and refugees\n- Attends rallies and vigils\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-rural-australians-for-refugees-2000-2008-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/helen-mccue-interviewed-by-ann-mari-jordens-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League of Narrabundah", "Entry ID": "AWE6256", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-of-narrabundah\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Narrabundah, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League of Narrabundah was founded in 1960.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1960-1980-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Soroptimist International of South Canberra", "Entry ID": "AWE6257", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soroptimist-international-of-south-canberra\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Death Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Service organisation, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "Soroptimist International is a worldwide organisation for women in management and the professions working through service projects to advance human rights and the status of women. Soroptimists work at all levels of civil society, local, national and international, and are involved with a wide spectrum of women's concerns.\nThe South Canberra Branch of Soroptimist International was inaugurated in February 1971 and ceased operation in 2001.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-soroptimist-international-of-south-canberra-1970-2001-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Pakies Club", "Entry ID": "AWE6274", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pakies-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Social organisation", "Summary": "The Pakies Club was founded in 1929 by Mrs Augusta ('Pakie') MacDougall, wife of theatre director Duncan MacDougall. The club operated on two floors at 219 Elizabeth Street, Sydney, and was a meeting place for artists and writers.\nThe caf\u00e9, a Little bit of Paris, boasted colourful modernist d\u00e9cor and was known for monthly 'international' nights featuring aspects of the culture and cuisine of a particular country.\nA journal entitled Urgewas produced by Club members between 1933 and 1935.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1928-1994-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "UN Women National Committee Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE6323", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/un-women-national-committee-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "UN Women National Committee Australia (formerly the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) Australia Inc.) was established in 1991. The committee exists to raise funds for, and awareness of, UN Women's work in the Pacific and around the world.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-unifem-australia-inc-1991-1996-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Playworks", "Entry ID": "AWE6328", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/playworks\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Arts organisation", "Summary": "Playworks was established in 1985 and identified itself as the national women's performance writing network. The aim of the organisation was to increase the number of women writing for performance. In late 2006 the Australia Council for the Arts consolidated both Playworks and the Australian National Playwrights Centre (ANPC) and a new organisation, PlayWriting Australia, was established.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-playworks-1984-2006-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/playworks-women-writers-workshop-programs-and-related-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-edna-ryan-1948-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Union Committee of the ACT", "Entry ID": "AWE6337", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-union-committee-of-the-act\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Union, Women's organisation", "Summary": "The Women's Union Committee of the ACT was formed in 1976 and promoted the role of women and their interest in unions. Some of the Committee's key areas of activity included petitioning for anti-sex discrimination laws to be introduced into the ACT, increased funding for child care and new child care centres.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1978-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Federal District Women's Bowling Association Past Presidents' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE6345", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-district-womens-bowling-association-past-presidents-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "As its name suggests, the Federal District Women's Bowling Association Past Presidents' Association is comprised of the past presidents of the Federal District Women's Bowling Association. The Association held its inaugural bowling match on Thursday 14 February, 1957.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-federal-district-womens-bowling-association-past-presidents-association-1965-1993-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Employment Board", "Entry ID": "AWE6357", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-employment-board\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Employment agency, Women's organisation", "Summary": "In March 1942 the Australian Government passed the National Security (Employment of Women) Regulations which established the Women's Employment Board (WEB). 'The aim of the WEB was to encourage and regulate the employment of women in work usually performed by men' during the Second World War. 'From 1942 to 1944 the WEB set the wages, hours and conditions of over 70,000 female workers in Australian industries' (Larmour, 1975).\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-alfred-w-foster-1935-1961-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-employment-board-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australasian Women's Association", "Entry ID": "AWE6361", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australasian-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Australasian Women's Association (AWA) was founded on September 3, 1900. It was a sister organisation to the Australian Natives Association (ANA) and was both a friendly society and a society that promoted national causes. The AWA ceased operation in 1964.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-of-printed-material-1937-1964-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Pioneer Society of Australasia", "Entry ID": "AWE6362", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-pioneer-society-of-australasia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Women's Pioneer Society of Australasia is an organisation of female descendants of early colonial pioneers, government officials, military personnel, free settlers and convicts.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/list-of-members-1937-1938-1948-jun-30-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-pioneer-society-of-australasia-programs-and-invitations-ephemera-material-collected-by-the-national-library-of-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Soroptimist International of Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE6370", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soroptimist-international-of-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Service organisation, Women\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s advocacy", "Summary": "Soroptimist International is a worldwide organisation for women in management and the professions working through service projects to advance human rights and the status of women. Soroptimists work at all levels of civil society, local, national and international, and are involved with a wide spectrum of women's concerns.\nThe inaugural meeting to discuss the formation of a Soroptimist International organisation in Victoria was held in 1947. Founded by president Dr Jean Littlejohn, the 'Divisional Union of Victoria' (later the Region of Victoria) was accepted by the Federation of Great Britain and Ireland in November 1948. The Victorian Region, along with others in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific, remained a member of the Federation until the establishment of the Federation of the South West Pacific in 1978.\nThe first Soroptimist International branch in Victoria was the Melbourne club, which received its charter on June 24, 1948. Dr Jean Littlejohn (CBE) was also the founding president, alongside members Margareta Webber and Myrtle Chisholm. Hilda Chandler was appointed honorary secretary.\nThe Morning Peninsula club was the second Soroptimist International branch in Victoria, receiving its charter on September 18, 1952. By 1982 there were 15 branches throughout Victoria.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1949-ca-1982-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1948-1999-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Friendly Union of Soldiers' Wives and Mothers: Australian Imperial Forces", "Entry ID": "AWE6435", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/friendly-union-of-soldiers-wives-and-mothers-australian-imperial-forces\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Union", "Summary": "The Friendly Union of Soldiers' Wives and Mothers was founded by Lady Helen Munro Ferguson, wife of the Governor General, Sir Ronald Crauford Munro Ferguson, later Lord Novar, soon after the beginning of World War I.\nThe object of the organisation was:\nThe promotion of a friendly feeling amongst the relations of members of the A.I.F., and the giving of mutual help and advice in any trouble or difficulty arising in connection with the Members' affairs.\n", "Details": "The first president of the Union was Lady Bridges, wife of General William Throsby Bridges, commander of the First AIF. When General Bridges left his previous position as Commandant of Duntroon Military College in 1914, his wife Edith Bridges and family left Canberra to live at South Yarra in Melbourne.\nFrom Federation in 1901 to the opening of Parliament House in Canberra in 1927, the seat of government was in Melbourne and World War I was prosecuted from Victoria Barracks in St Kilda Road. This presence was reflected in the organisation of the Friendly Union which remained predominantly a Victorian organisation centred on Melbourne and drawing many of its senior members and office bearers from the wives of senior military officers. When Lady Bridges the first president resigned due to ill health to become one of the vice presidents, her place was taken by Lady Chauvel, wife of General Sir Harry Chauvel. The vice presidents included Mrs G.F. Pearce, the wife of the Minister for Defence, Mrs Legge, wife of General J.G. Legge and Mrs Sellheim, wife of General Victor Sellheim. The other vice presidents were drawn from women prominent in patriotic and women's organisations in Melbourne. They included Mrs Eva Hughes, a prominent figure in women's groups as well as charitable and patriotic organisations including holding the position of president of the conservative, anti-socialist group the Australian Women's National League.\nThe Friendly Union held monthly meetings beginning with a prayer at the Masonic Hall, Collins Street. Subscription rates were set at 1\/- per half year for members and 5\/- per half year for committee members. Specific roles were established covering the social and organisational aspects of the Union. There was an Organiser for Visiting, an Organiser for Clothing, a Musical Directoress, an Organiser of Social Teas as well as an Honorary Secretary, Assistant Secretary, and Treasurer. A system of District Visitors was set up with women appointed to cover each of the then major suburbs of Melbourne. Almost all the District Visitors lived in the more affluent suburbs in the south-east of Melbourne as did the Committee Members. These suburbs were all allocated visitors, but it is noticeable that for each of the less affluent suburbs, Brunswick, Coburg, Collingwood, Fitzroy, North Melbourne, Preston and Port Melbourne no District Visitor was named.\nThe establishment of the Friendly Union by Lady Helen was well publicised in country newspapers in Victoria and there is evidence of branches operating in Wangaratta and Geelong. Towards the end of 1915 the Wangaratta branch persuaded Lady Helen Munro Ferguson to break her train journey from Sydney to Melbourne to attend a meeting of the Friendly Union. She urged the hundred women who attended the meeting at the Masonic Hall to draw closer together and seek to strengthen one another by their sympathy and encouragement and kindly words. She also urged them, when they wrote to the 'brave men at the front', to write cheerful and happy letters and not mention 'the little worries at home'.\nAlthough there was a report that branches of the Friendly Union were being established in New South Wales, there appears to be no evidence of activity. Some meetings were held in Perth, Western Australia, but the organisation remained predominantly Melbourne-based. Meetings continued to be held after World War I ended and in Sydney a Friendly Union of Sailors' Wives was active for some years.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/friendly-union-of-soldiers-wives-and-mothers-australian-imperial-forces-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Central Australian Aboriginal Women's Choir (CAAWC)", "Entry ID": "AWE6437", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-australian-aboriginal-womens-choir-caawc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "The Central Australian Aboriginal Women's Choir (CAAWC) was established in 2010 by combining the small choirs of six remote Indigenous communities in central Australia to form one large choir.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA)", "Entry ID": "AWE6450", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-with-disabilities-australia-wwda\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Advocacy organisation, human rights organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) is the peak body for women with all types of disabilities in Australia. It is the only organisation of its kind in Australia and one of only a very small number internationally.\nWWDA represents more than 2 million disabled women and girls in Australia. The organisation is run by women with disabilities, for women with disabilities, and it operates as a transnational human rights and systemic advocacy organisation.\n", "Details": "Previously the 'National Women's Network' associated with Disabled People's International Australia (DPIA), Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA) was established in 1994 after receiving a small seeding grant from the Australian Government. On March 3, 1995, WWDA was incorporated as an independent organisation.\nToday, the aim of Women With Disabilities Australia (WWDA) is to be a national voice for the needs and rights of women with disabilities and a national force to improve the lives and life chances of women with disabilities.\nThe objectives of Women With Disabilities Australia (WWDA) are:\n(a) to actively promote the participation of women with disabilities in all aspects of social, economic, political and cultural life;\n(b) to advocate on issues of concern to women with disabilities in Australia; and\n(c) to seek to be the national representative organisation for women with disabilities in Australia by:\n(i) undertaking systemic advocacy;\n(ii) providing policy advice;\n(iii) undertaking research; and\n(iv) providing information and education.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women with Disabilities ACT (WWDACT)", "Entry ID": "AWE6451", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-with-disabilities-act-wwdact\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocacy organisation, human rights organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "Women with Disabilities ACT (WWDACT) is a systemic advocacy and peer support organisation for women, girls, feminine identifying and non-binary people with disability in the ACT region.\nThe WWDACT was established in 1995 and since then has worked with government and non-government organisations to improve the status and lives of women with disabilities in the area.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women with Disabilities Victoria (WDV)", "Entry ID": "AWE6452", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-with-disabilities-victoria-wdv\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocacy organisation, human rights organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "Women with Disabilities Victoria (WDV) is an organisation of women with disabilities, for women with disabilities.\nThe goals of WDV are to influence government and policy, engage and empower women with disabilities and to educate and build the capacity of service systems and organisations to be accessible to women with disabilities.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE6455", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-ladies-college-mlc-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Kew, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Kew, is one of the country's leading independent girls' schools.\nAccording to their website, MLC 'was founded in 1882 as a 'modern school of the first order' with buildings that formed 'a collegiate institution for girls unsurpassed in the colonies'.' Founded by the Wesleyan Methodists, the goal was to provide 'a high-class Christian education for girls' which was resemblant to that available to boys at that time.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby Western Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE6456", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-western-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Lobby group", "Summary": "The Women's Electoral Lobby, Western Australia (WEL WA), was established in 1972 and become an official organisation the following year. A constitution was drawn up in 1974 and amended in 1980 when WEL became an incorporated body. WEL WA was officially shut down in 2008.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby Victoria Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6457", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-victoria-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Lobby group", "Summary": "Women's Electoral Lobby Victoria was established in Melbourne on 27 February 1972 when Beatrice Faust organised a survey of candidates for election, alongside ten other women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "South Australian Women's Suffrage League", "Entry ID": "AWE6458", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/south-australian-womens-suffrage-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Founded in July 1988, the South Australian Women's Suffrage League was at the forefront of the campaign for womens's right to vote.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Muslim Women's National Network Australia (MWNNA)", "Entry ID": "AWE6459", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/muslim-womens-national-network-australia-mwnna\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Advocacy organisation, Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "The Muslim Women's National Network Australia represents a network of Muslim women's organisations and individuals throughout Australia.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Royal Women's Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6461", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-royal-womens-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital", "Summary": "The Women's Hospital was granted the prefix 'Royal' in 1954, becoming the Royal Women's Hospital.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Grammar", "Entry ID": "AWE6462", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-grammar\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational Association", "Summary": "In 2016, the two Tintern Schools campuses - Tintern Girls Grammar School and Southwood Boys Grammar School - came together on the one campus. The school was renamed Tintern Grammar.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE6463", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womanhood-suffrage-league-of-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Political organisation, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "The Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales was formed out of the Women's Literary Society in 1891. The League led the fight for women's suffrage in New South Wales.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/pamphlets-relating-to-australian-womens-suffrage\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-petition-no-2-in-favour-of-equal-voting-rights-for-both-sexes-in-elections-for-federal-parliaments-from-womens-suffrage-league-of-new-south-wales\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Catholic Women's League Australia, New South Wales Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6465", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catholic-womens-league-australia-new-south-wales-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Catholic Women's League Australia, New South Wales Inc., can trace its origins back to the foundation of the Catholic Women's Association in Sydney in 1913.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Girls High School", "Entry ID": "AWE6466", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-girls-high-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Established in 1883, Sydney Girls High School is the oldest state girls school in New South Wales.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-l-a-s-garvin-1883-1926-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queen Victoria Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6467", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-hospital-2\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital", "Summary": "The Queen Victoria Hospital was the name given to the Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital in 1966. The hospital provided maternity and women's health services, and also operated as an adoption agency. In March 1989 the Queen Victoria Hospital merged with the Adelaide Children's Hospital to form the Adelaide Medical Centre for Women and Children.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wchn-history-and-heritage-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adelaide Medical Centre for Women and Children", "Entry ID": "AWE6480", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-medical-centre-for-women-and-children\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Queen Victoria Hospital merged with the Adelaide Children's Hospital in 1989 to form the Adelaide Medical Centre for Women and Children. In 1995 the centre was renamed the Women's and Children's Hospital.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's and Children's Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6481", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-and-childrens-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The current Women's and Children's Hospital was given its name in 1995, after previously being called the Adelaide Medical Centre for Women and Children.\nThe centre is located in North Adelaide, South Australia.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6482", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-victoria-maternity-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "In 1939 The Queen's Home was renamed the Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital. Seven years later, in 1946, it was declared a public hospital under the provisions of the Hospital Benefits Act.\nIn 1966 the hospital was renamed The Queen Victoria Hospital.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Queen's Home", "Entry ID": "AWE6483", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-queens-home\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Queen's Home was officially opened on 24 May 1902 - Queen Victoria's 83rd Birthday. The hospital was established as a private maternity hospital and from 1917 unmarried women were admitted for the first time.\nIn 1939, the hospital was renamed the Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Women's Film Group (SWFG)", "Entry ID": "AWE6486", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-womens-film-group-swfg\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Women's organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney Women's Film Group viewed and discussed current work by women filmmakers.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Lyceum Club", "Entry ID": "AWE6487", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-lyceum-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The first Sydney Lyceum Club was established by writer Agnes Rose Soley (Rose De Boheme) in 1914.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "North Sydney Girls High School", "Entry ID": "AWE6488", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/north-sydney-girls-high-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Crows Nest, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "North Sydney Girls High School, located on Lane Cove Road, Crows Nest, was officially opened by the Education Minister on 27 January 1914. The building was the first in the state to be purposefully built for the higher education of public school girls.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "University Women's College", "Entry ID": "AWE6489", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/university-womens-college\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Parkville, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Parkville, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The foundation stone for the University Women's College at the University of Melbourne was laid in 1936 by Lady Margaret Huntingfield. The college opened its doors to students the following year.\nIn 1975 the University Women's College changed its name to University College and male residents were first enrolled.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Trained Nurses Association (VTNA)", "Entry ID": "AWE6490", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-trained-nurses-association-vtna\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Victorian Trained Nurses Association was first constituted in 1901.\nAccording to a newspaper article in The Argus on 6 July 1901, the objectives of the Association were:\n\nTo establish a system of registration for trained nurses.\nTo promote the interests of trained nurses - male and female - in all matters affecting their work.\nTo establish a uniform systems of training and examination for nurses.\nTo afford opportunities for discussing subjects bearing on the work of nursing.\nIn due course to arrange for schemes that will afford to nurses a means of providing an allowance during incapacity for work caused by sickness, accident, age, or other necessitous circumstances.\n\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-trained-nurses-association-nurses-register\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Victorian Trained Nurses Assocation", "Entry ID": "AWE6491", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-trained-nurses-assocation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "In 1904 the title of \"Royal\" was granted to the Victorian Trained Nurses Association by His Majesty the King.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-trained-nurses-association-nurses-register\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Victorian College of Nursing", "Entry ID": "AWE6492", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "At the Annual Meeting of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses Association in 1934, a vote was held resulting in the Association's name being changed to the Royal Victorian College of Nursing.\nIn 1975 the Royal Victorian College of Nursing amalgamated with the Royal Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch).\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-victorian-college-of-nursing-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE6493", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-australian-nursing-federation-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "In the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette Issue No. GN42, a notice was published which stated the intention for the Royal Australian Nursing Federation to be renamed the Australian Nursing Federation.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (Victorian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE6494", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-nursing-and-midwifery-federation-victorian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Lying-In Hospital and Infirmary fo Diseases of Women and Children", "Entry ID": "AWE6495", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-lying-in-hospital-and-infirmary-fo-diseases-of-women-and-children\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Royal Women's Hospital, which was originally known as the 'Melbourne Lying-in Hospital and Infirmary for Diseases of Women and Children', was founded in August 1856. The aim of the founders was to provide a place where 'underprivileged women could give birth and receive proper medical and nursing attention'.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6496", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Progressive Association", "Entry ID": "AWE6498", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-progressive-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Women's Progressive Association was formed by Annie Golding and her two sisters, Belle and Kate, in 1901. The Association had broken away from the Women's Suffrage League and was more closely aligned with the labour movement and the concerns of working class women and their families.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sisters Publishing Ltd", "Entry ID": "AWE6499", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-publishing-ltd\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Sisters Publishing Ltd was established in 1979 by five female publishers: Diana Gribble, Hilary McPhee, Sally Milner, Anne O'Donovan and Joyce Nicholson. As a feminist company they published works by and for women, and also had a mail-order organisation called Sisters Bookclub.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sisters-publishing-ltd-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/edna-ryan-papers-1965-1986\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Unemployed Girls Relief Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE6500", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unemployed-girls-relief-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Unemployed Girls Relief Movement was established by Muriel Heagney and Jessie Henderson in 1930. The Movement existed for two years and throughout this time it successfully supplied work and other services to between 10,000 and 12,000 women.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Victorian Women Citizens' Movement", "Entry ID": "AWE6501", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-women-citizens-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Victorian Women Citizens' Movement was established in 1922 for the purpose of lobbying for women's right to stand for the Victorian Parliament.\nIn August 1945, the League of Women Electors, the Victorian Women Citizens' Movement and Women for Canberra merged to become the League of Women Voters.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6502", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "In 1902 \"Merton Hall\" was purchased by the Church of England, and henceforth the school was known as the Melbourne Church of England Girls Grammar School.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-girls-grammar-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Merton Hall", "Entry ID": "AWE6503", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/merton-hall\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "South Yarra, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "In 1893, Misses Hensley and Taylor purchased a red-brick house in Domain Road, South Yarra, for the purpose of establishing a school, which they named Merton Hall. Due to overcrowding, a new school was built on Anderson Street, South Yarra, and the buildings were officially opened on 16 December 1900.\nIn 1902 Merton Hall was purchased by the Church of England. Merton Hall was retained as the name of the boarding-house only, with the school renamed as the Melbourne Church of England Girls Grammar School.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/melbourne-girls-grammar-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Advanced School for Girls", "Entry ID": "AWE6504", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/advanced-school-for-girls\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Advanced School for Girls opened in Adelaide in 1879. It was the first state secondary school for girls in Australia.\nIn early 1908 the Advanced School for Girls amalgamated with the Pupil Teacher School and the Grote Street Model School to form the Adelaide Continuation School. The school was renamed Adelaide High School in July of the same year.\nIn 1951 the school was split into two parts to form the Adelaide Boys' High School and the Adelaide Girls' High School.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/advanced-school-for-girls-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women in Film and Television Australia", "Entry ID": "AWE6505", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-film-and-television-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "Officially launched on 20 April 2018, 'Women in Film & Television Australia (WIFT Australia) is a Not-For-Profit organisation dedicated to achieving gender equality in the Australian screen industry through research, advocacy, education and support for female-identifying screen industry practitioners.'\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queen Adelaide Club", "Entry ID": "AWE6507", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-adelaide-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social organisation", "Summary": "The Queen Adelaide Club was founded in 1909 by Mrs Margaret Annie Box. The Club, which was named after Queen Adelaide, was established as 'an exclusive residential club for social and non-political purposes'.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-relating-to-queen-adelaide-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queen-adelaide-club-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Mothers' and Babies' Health Association", "Entry ID": "AWE6508", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-and-babies-health-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Health service", "Summary": "Previously known as the School for Mothers Institute and Baby Health Centre, The Mothers' and Babies' Health Association (MBHA) was officially established in c.1927. The aim of the Association was to reduce infant mortality by providing expert advice to mothers. During the 1930s and 1950s the Association was known for having baby health trains which took clinics to small, isolated communities. In 1980 the MBHA was renamed the Child, Adolescent and Family Health Services and in 1995, it was renamed again to Child and Youth Health.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-and-babies-health-association-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adelaide School for Mothers", "Entry ID": "AWE6509", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-school-for-mothers\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Health service", "Summary": "The Adelaide School for Mothers was established in 1909 by Dr Helen Mayo and Miss Harriet Stirling. In 1915 the school was incorporated and renamed the School for Mothers' Institute Inc.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-and-babies-health-association-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "School for Mothers Institute and Baby Health Centre", "Entry ID": "AWE6510", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/school-for-mothers-institute-and-baby-health-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Health service", "Summary": "The School for Mothers Institute Inc. was renamed the School for Mothers Institute and Baby Health Centre in 1921. It was again renamed in 1927 to the Mothers' and Babies' Health Association.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-and-babies-health-association-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "School for Mothers' Institute Inc", "Entry ID": "AWE6511", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/school-for-mothers-institute-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Formerly the Adelaide School for Mothers, the School for Mothers' Institute Inc. was established in 1915 after the original organisation became incorporated. In 1921 the School was renamed the School for Mothers' Institute and Baby Health Centre.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mothers-and-babies-health-association-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Electoral Lobby New South Wales", "Entry ID": "AWE6512", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-electoral-lobby-new-south-wales\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Lobby group", "Summary": "Beatrice Faust, the founder of the Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL) in Victoria, went to Sydney to set up WEL in New South Wales in 1972. Beatrice addressed a meeting at the house of Julia Freebury and, after deliberation, Caroline Graham, June Surtees and Wendy McCarthy agreed to become co-conveners of the Sydney branch and thus, the founding conveners of WEL in NSW.\nThe first public meeting of the WEL in NSW was held on 17 June 1972 and 40 women attended.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young Women's Christian Association of Tasmania", "Entry ID": "AWE6513", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-tasmania\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Tasmania, Australia", "Death Place": "Tasmania, Aus", "Occupations": "Women's organisation", "Summary": "The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) became active in Hobart, Tasmania, in 1885 and by 1888 the movement had spread to Launceston.\nDuring the 1930s, the Hobart branch of the YWCA dis-affiliated itself from the national movement.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-reports-news-sheets-correspondence\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Vietnamese Women's Association Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6514", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-vietnamese-womens-association-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's organisation", "Summary": "Founded by Cam Nguyen, the inaugural meeting of the Australian Vietnamese Women's Association (AVWA) was held on 15 January 1983.\nPreviously called the Australian Vietnamese Women's Welfare Association, the word 'Welfare' was dropped from the name of the organisation in 2007.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "West Australian Association of Polish Women", "Entry ID": "AWE6515", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/west-australian-association-of-polish-women\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The West Australian Association of Polish Women was established in 1969 and incorporated in 1973. Since their inception, the Association has provided services for people from a variety of diverse backgrounds.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/kolo-polek-w-zachodniej-australii-west-australian-association-of-polish-women-inc\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Crown Street Women's Hospital", "Entry ID": "AWE6516", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crown-street-womens-hospital\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Haymarket, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital", "Summary": "Originally founded by Dr James Graham in 1893 in Hay Street, the Women's Hospital moved to Crown Street, Surry Hills, in 1897. The Board of the Women's Hospital met for the first time on 13 August 1895.\nFrom 1900, Crown Street became a teaching hospital in obstetrics for medical students at the University of Sydney. By 1943, the hospital had become the largest maternity hospital in the state.\nThe Crown Street Women's Hospital closed on 31 March 1983.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/crown-street-womens-hospital-a-history-1893-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-hospital-crown-street-1893-1983-a-family-remembers\/", "Archival Resources": "" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adelaide Girls' High School", "Entry ID": "AWE6517", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-girls-high-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "In 1951 the Adelaide High School was split to form the Adelaide Boys' High School and the Adelaide Girls' High School.\nThe schools were amalgamated again in 1976 after a drop in enrolment numbers caused by the re-zoning of high schools in the metropolitan area and changes in the demography of the city. By 1979 all of the students were housed at the West Terrace Campus.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Sydney", "Entry ID": "AWE6518", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-ladies-college-mlc-sydney\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Burwood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Burwood Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Methodist Ladies' College, Burwood, was opened as the Wesleyan Ladies College in January 1886 with 12 students. After being named the Burwood Ladies' College from 1899, the name Methodist Ladies' College was officially used from 1914.\nIn June 1977 the school was officially renamed MLC school after the Methodist Church was subsumed into the new union of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mlc-school-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "MLC School", "Entry ID": "AWE6519", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mlc-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Burwood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "In June 1977 the Methodist Ladies' College Burwood was officially renamed MLC school after the Methodist Church was subsumed into the new union of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mlc-school-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Adelaide", "Entry ID": "AWE6520", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-ladies-college-mlc-adelaide\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Methodist Ladies' College in Malvern, South Australia, was opened on Saturday 12 April 1902. The college moved to the Way College building in Wayville for the beginning of the 1904 school year.\nIn 1977 the school was renamed Annesley College after the Congregational Union of Australia, the Methodist Church of Australasia and the Presbyterian Church of Australia merged to form the Uniting Church.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Annesley College", "Entry ID": "AWE6521", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annesley-college\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "In 1977 Methodist Ladies' College Adelaide became Annesley College after the Congregational, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches merged to form the Uniting Church.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Wesleyan Ladies' College", "Entry ID": "AWE6522", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/wesleyan-ladies-college\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Burwood, Sydney, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Burwood Sydney, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Wesleyan Ladies' College was opened on 27 January 1886.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mlc-school-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Burwood Ladies' College", "Entry ID": "AWE6523", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/burwood-ladies-college\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Burwood, Sydney, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Burwood Sydney, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/mlc-school-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Launceston", "Entry ID": "AWE6524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-ladies-college-mlc-launceston\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Launceston, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Launceston, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "In 1979 Methodist Ladies' College Launceston merged with Oakburn College and Scotch College to form Scotch Oakburn College.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/scotch-oakburn-college-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Oakburn College", "Entry ID": "AWE6525", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/oakburn-college\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Launceston, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Launceston, New South Wales, Australia" }, { "Title\/Name": "Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), Perth", "Entry ID": "AWE6526", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/methodist-ladies-college-mlc-perth\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Claremont, Western Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The foundation stone for the Methodist Ladies' College in Claremont, Western Australia, was laid by His Excellency the Governor on Friday 8 November 1907. A year later the school was opened with 54 students enrolled under headmistress Miss Edith James.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Canberra Church of England Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6530", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Death Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "St Gabriel's School was renamed the Church of England Girls' Grammar School in 1933.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-girls-grammar-school-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St Gabriel's School", "Entry ID": "AWE6531", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-gabriels-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Death Place": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/canberra-girls-grammar-school-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Ladies College", "Entry ID": "AWE6533", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-ladies-college\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Tintern Ladies College was founded by Mrs Emma Bartlett Cook in 1877. Originally started in Mrs Cook's own home, the school moved to Glenferrie Road, Hawthorn, in 1882. In 1910 the College was renamed the Tintern Girls Grammar School.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6534", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Ringwood East, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "Tintern was purchased by the Church of England and in 1918 the school's official name was The Church of England Girls Grammar School for the Eastern Suburbs: Tintern. Soon after, the school was renamed to the much simpler Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School.\nThe current school site, in Ringwood East, was purchased in 1946 and the entire school moved to that location in 1959.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Anglican Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6535", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-anglican-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Ringwood East, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School was renamed Tintern Anglican Girls' Grammar School in 1993.\nIn 1999 Tintern Schools was formed with two campuses: Tintern Anglican Girls Grammar School and Southwood Boys Grammar School.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Girls Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6536", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "In 2002 the Tintern girls school removed 'Anglican' from their name, and were thus renamed Tintern Girls Grammar School.\nIn 2014 both the Tintern Girls' Grammar School and Southwood Boys' Grammar School came together on the one campus. In 2016 the two schools (known collectively as Tintern Schools) was renamed Tintern Grammar.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Ladies Golf Union", "Entry ID": "AWE6540", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-ladies-golf-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation, Union", "Summary": "Although several Australian states had formed Ladies Golf Unions in the early 20th century, a national body was not established until November 1921. The Australian Ladies Golf Union (ALGU) was run by delegates from Victoria and New South Wales, with Western Australia having a proxy vote. The aim of the ALGU was to promote and organise women's golf in Australia; a role which had been previously undertaken by the men's Australian golf union.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/jane-lock-interviewed-by-marnie-haig-muir-for-the-sport-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney Church of England Girls' Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6542", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-church-of-england-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Sydney Church of England Girls' Grammar School was opened on 17 July 1895 at 65 (now 55) Victoria Street, Darlinghurst. In 1901, with 100 students now enrolled, the school moved to its current location in Forbes Street, Darlinghurst.\nIn 1995 the schools name was officially changed to SCEGGS Darlinghurst.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "SCEGGS Darlinghurst", "Entry ID": "AWE6543", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sceggs-darlinghurst\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "In 1995 the Sydney Church of England Girls' Grammar School changed its name to SCEGGS Darlinghurst.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne", "Entry ID": "AWE6545", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/presbyterian-ladies-college-melbourne\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC) was founded in East Melbourne in 1875. In 1938, due to overcrowding at the original site, a search was conducted for a new location. The property \"Hethersett\", located in Burwood, was chosen and in 1939 the junior school moved out to the new campus. In 1958 the senior and boarding schools also relocated.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Football League Women's (AFLW)", "Entry ID": "AWE6548", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-football-league-womens-aflw\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "The AFLW is the national Australian rules football league for women. The inaugural season was held in 2017 with a total of eight teams.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Frensham School", "Entry ID": "AWE6549", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/frensham-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "Frensham, an independent boarding and day school for girls, was established by Winifred West and Phyllis Clubbe in 1913. Winifred was the head of the school from the time it opened until 1938.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom - New South Wales Branch", "Entry ID": "AWE6550", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-international-league-for-peace-and-freedom-new-south-wales-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The first New South Wales Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was formed by Isabel Swann and Amy Wilkins in Newcastle in 1920.\nAfter ceasing operations in 1939, WILPF NSW was revived by Margaret Holmes in Sydney in 1959.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Red Cross (Geelong Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE6558", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-red-cross-geelong-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Newtown, Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Geelong Branch of the Red Cross Society was formed on 22 September 1914 at the residence of Mrs E. H. Lascelles in Newtown.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Queensland Ladies' Golf Union", "Entry ID": "AWE6560", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/queensland-ladies-golf-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "The Queensland Ladies' Golf Union was formed in October 1922 with representatives from all clubs.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "New South Wales Ladies' Golf Union", "Entry ID": "AWE6561", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/new-south-wales-ladies-golf-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "Formed in June 1903, the New South Wales Ladies' Golf Union (LGU) was made up of 20 clubs by 1910. The LGU changed its name to Women's Gold NSW in 1996.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Sport Australia (WSA)", "Entry ID": "AWE6564", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-sport-australia-wsa\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "In 2017 Australian WomensSport and Recreation Association (AWRA) was renamed Women Sport Australia (WSA).\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Embroiderers Guild, Victoria", "Entry ID": "AWE6578", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-embroiderers-guild-victoria\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Embroiderers Guild was established in 1960 by Morna Sturrock, her mother Mrs Ethel Oates, and Lady Geraldine Amies.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletters-1973-apr-dec-1975-mar-dec-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Royal Australian Nursing Federation (Western Australian Branch)", "Entry ID": "AWE6579", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/royal-australian-nursing-federation-western-australian-branch\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Royal Victorian Trained Nurses Association (W.A. Branch) and the Australian Trained Nurses Association (W.A. Branch) amalgamated in 1924 to form the Australian Nursing Federation (Western Australian Branch). The prefix 'Royal' was obtained in 1956, but was removed again in 1987.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1868-1989-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St Catherine's School", "Entry ID": "AWE6580", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-catherines-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Waverley, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "St Catherine's School is the oldest independent Anglican girls' school in Australia. The school was established by Mrs Jane Barker in 1856 as a means of educating the daughters of the clergy.\n", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/minutes-agendas-and-financial-statements-of-st-catherines-school-council\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Zonta Club of Perth Northern Suburbs Inc.", "Entry ID": "AWE6581", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-zonta-club-of-perth-northern-suburbs-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "The Zonta Club of Perth Nothern Suburbs was established on 22 June 1981.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Fort Street Girls' High School", "Entry ID": "AWE6591", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fort-street-girls-high-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fort-street-high-school-archives\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brisbane Girls Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6592", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brisbane-girls-grammar-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "Established in 1875, Brisbane Girls Grammar School is one of Queensland's original grammar schools.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Labor Women's Anti-Conscription Committee", "Entry ID": "AWE6593", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-womens-anti-conscription-committee\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Labor Women's Anti-Conscription Committee was formed on 13 September 1916, in response to Prime Minister Bill Hughes' attempts to introduce conscription during the First World War. The initial meeting, which was held at the Trades Hall, was attended by over 300 women. The aim of the newly-formed Committee was to 'work in conjunction with the National Executive to fight against conscription of human life.' Their campaign was to include house-to-house visits, literature distribution and factory mid-day meetings. Mrs Bella Lavender was elected president and Mrs Elizabeth Wallace as secretary.\nAfter the conscription referendum on 28 October 1916, several members of the Women's Anti-Conscription Committee formed the Labor Women's Political, Social and Industrial Council.\nA second Anti-Conscription Committee was established approximately six weeks prior to the second conscription referendum, which was held on 20 December 1917. Mrs M. Felstead was the president of the second Committee, and Mrs V. O'Brien the secretary.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Labor Women's Political, Social and Industrial Council", "Entry ID": "AWE6595", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/labor-womens-political-social-and-industrial-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Summary": "The Labor Women's Political, Social and Industrial Council was formed on 7 February 1917. After the successful fight of the Women's Anti-Conscription Committee in the lead-up to the 1916 referendum, many Committee members felt that the loyal members of the Labor movement should form a permanent council of women. Bella Lavender - who was the first president of the Anti-Conscription Committee - was elected as the first president of the Council and Sara Lewis was appointed secretary.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women's Union", "Entry ID": "AWE6597", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-womens-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women's Union was founded in 1914 to 'manage the affairs of University women'. Their constitution was adopted by the Senate in 1915, but the Union did not start its work until March 1917.\nThis was the second group with the name 'Sydney University Women's Union' at the University. The first Women's Union was founded in c.1891 as the Sydney University Women's Association. The Association was renamed in c.1910 to the Sydney University Women's Union and again in 1915, to the Sydney University Women's Council. This decision was made 'in order to leave the latter name free for adoption by the new women's organisation to be formed within the University.'\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women Graduates' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE6598", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-women-graduates-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "In 1920 the Women's Council was renamed the Sydney University Women Graduates' Association. The newly-renamed Association became part of the Australian Federation of University Women, which was affiliated with the International Federation of University Women.\nAccording to the University of Sydney Calendar of 1920, the 'Association exists to further such interests as University women have in common, and to encourage its members to take an active interest in the University, and in such national and international affairs as may be considered of special important to all University women.'\nThe name of the Sydney University Women Graduates' Assocation was changed to the N.S.W. Association of University Women Graduates in 1959.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women's Association", "Entry ID": "AWE6599", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women's Association was founded in May 1892 by Louisa MacDonald. The aim of the Association was to bring 'all women Graduates and Undergraduates together from time to time for social and intellectual purposes, and of taking cognizance of all matters affecting their well-being.'\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women's Council", "Entry ID": "AWE6600", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-womens-council\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women's Union was renamed the Sydney University Women's Council in 1915. Another Women's Union was formed within the University around this same time.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sydney University Women's Union", "Entry ID": "AWE6601", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sydney-university-womens-union-2\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "The Sydney University Women's Association was renamed the Sydney University Women's Union in approximately 1910.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young Women's Christian Association, Queensland", "Entry ID": "AWE6602", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-queensland\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia", "Summary": "The Young Women's Christian Association was established in Queensland in 1888 at Rockhampton.\nIn 2011, three Queensland branches amalgamted to form YWCA Queensland. These branches were Brisbane, Townsville, and Downs and SW Queensland (based in Toowoomba).\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rachel Forster Hospital for Women and Children", "Entry ID": "AWE6603", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rachel-forster-hospital-for-women-and-children\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Redfern, New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "Redfern, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Hospital", "Summary": "The New Hospital for Women was renamed the Rachel Forster Hospital for Women and Children when it was relocated to Redfern in 1925. The original hospital was co-founded by Dr Lucy Gullett and opened in January 1922. The Hospital was recognised as a public hospital in 1931.\nIn 1963 the name was changed to the Rachel Foster Hospital and four years later the first all-male ward was opened.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Petersham Girls' Intermediate High School", "Entry ID": "AWE6605", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/petersham-girls-intermediate-high-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Petersham Girl's Intermediate High School was opened in January 1913. However, the school closed in December 1938 and was converted to a public school the following year.\nIn January 1965, Petersham was once again converted to a girls' high school. Petersham amalgamated with Newtown Boys' High School in 1990 to form the Newtown High Scholol of Performing Arts.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Girls Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6608", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-girls-grammar-school-2\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "Tintern Ladies College was renamed Tintern Girls Grammar School in 1911. The School was purchased by the Church of England in 1918 and was thus renamed the Tintern Church of England Girls' Grammar School.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tintern Anglican Girls Grammar School", "Entry ID": "AWE6609", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tintern-anglican-girls-grammar-school-2\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "In 1999 Tintern Schools was formed with two campuses: Tintern Anglican Girls Grammar School and Southwood Boys Grammar School.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "N.S.W. Association of University Women Graduates", "Entry ID": "AWE6610", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/n-s-w-association-of-university-women-graduates\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "At a General Meeting on 9 July 1959, a motion was passed to change the name of the Sydney University Women Graduates' Association to the the N.S.W. Association of University Women Graduates. The change of name was not reflected in the Sydney University Calendar until 1961.\nAccording to the 1961 Calendar, the 'N.S.W. Association of University Women Graduates exist[ed]\u2026 to co-operate, through the Australian Federation of University Women, with the International Federation of University Women' as well as to 'further such interests as university women in N.S.W. have in common and to encourage women graduates to take an active interest in the universities in N.S.W.'\nAt the General Meeting on 28 June 1974, a decision was made to change the name of the Association to the Australian Federation of University Women - New South Wales.\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Federation of University Women - N.S.W.", "Entry ID": "AWE6611", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-federation-of-university-women-n-s-w\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Death Place": "New South Wales, Australia", "Summary": "In mid-1974 the N.S.W. Association of University Women Graduates was renamed the Australian Federation of University Women - N.S.W.\nPresumably, the New South Wales branch of the Australian Federation of University Women changed its name in 2009, at the same time the national body became the Australian Federation of Graduate Women (AFGW).\n" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Dame Marjorie Parker Creche", "Entry ID": "IMP0059", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dame-marjorie-parker-creche\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Launceston, Tasmania, Australia", "Occupations": "Commemoration", "Summary": "The creche was named after its Founder, President and Patron Dame Marjorie Parker.\n", "Details": "The Launceston Creche was formed in 1945, as a unit of the Launceston War Memorial Community Centre.\nOn 25 November 1948, a temporary Creche was opened by the Governors' wife, Lady Binney. It operated from two small rooms at the Albert Hall for the next seven years, but was forced to close when the rooms were required for other purposes.\nThe Creche opened in Cameron Street, in June 1956, after the Tasmanian Minister for Health, Dr A J Turnbull, assisted the committee by making provision for the Creche service on part of the first floor of the new Child Health Centre.\nThe Creche found a permanent home in November 1977, when it moved to its current location. \n(Source: Information supplied by Sally Von Bertouch, Director Dame Marjorie Parker Creche)\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders", "Entry ID": "IMP0086", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/federal-council-for-the-advancement-of-aborigines-and-torres-strait-islanders\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Australia", "Summary": "The Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders developed out of a conference of interested groups who met in Adelaide in 1958. The meeting resulted in in the formation of the Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement and the election of the executive. Membership was opened to Aboriginal advancement organisations and to other organisations which supported the Council's platform to repeal discriminatory legislation at state and federal levels; amend the federal constitution to enable the Commonwealth Government to legislate for Aborigines; improve the lives of Aboriginal people through housing, equal pay, education and adequate rations in remote areas; and advocate land rights. In 1964, the organisation was renamed to include Torres Strait Islanders in the title, becoming the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.\nOne of FCAATSI's major campaigns was for constitutional change, which was instrumental in establishing the 1967 Referendum. FCAATSI membership was divided in 1970, after motions were put to reserve membership of the executive and voting rights at general meetings to people of Aboriginal or Islander descent. The National Tribal Council, run by and for Indigenous Australians, was subsequently formed as a separate organisation. In March 1978 FCAATSI changed its name to the National Aboriginal and Islander Liberation Movement, but this organisation never met. The same year, the federal government cut funding to the organisation, and it was disbanded.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/turning-the-tide-a-personal-history-of-the-federal-council-for-the-advancement-ofaborigines-and-torres-strait-islanders\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/they-spoke-out-pretty-good-the-leadership-of-women-in-the-brisbane-aboriginal-rights-movement-1958-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/what-fcaatsi-fought-for\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/witnesses-from-the-conference-floor-oral-history-and-the-federal-council-for-theadvancement-of-aborigines-and-torres-strait-islanders-paper-in-fresh-cuts-new-talents-2001-ruinard-elizabeth-and\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-feminism-a-companion\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-women-and-economic-ingenuity-changing-white-perceptions-of-aboriginal-culture-and-the-role-of-women-in-that-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-1967-referendum-and-all-that-narrative-and-myth-aborigines-and-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/representation-matters-the-1967-referendum-and-citizenship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cheeky-insolent-and-anti-white-the-split-in-the-federal-council-for-the-advancement-ofaboriginal-and-torres-strait-islanders-easter-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/from-sydney-to-tingha-early-days-in-the-aboriginal-australian-fellowship\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-aboriginal-activist-talks-about-her-life\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aboriginal-health-some-of-the-political-issues-involved\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-papers-of-charles-perkins\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-commonwealth-referendum-of-1967-and-australian-indigenous-citizenship-an-interpretation-of-historical-events\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/reports-and-resolutions\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/f-c-a-a-t-s-i-conference-aborigines-in-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shirley-andrews-interviewed-by-peter-read-in-the-peter-read-collection-of-interviews-conducted-for-his-book-entitled-charles-perkins-a-biography-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-jack-and-jean-horner-1956-2003-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-charles-perkins-1956-1993-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-by-n-s-w-state-secretary\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-01-faith-bandler-papers-1968-1992\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/collection-02-faith-bandler-further-papers-1875-1945-1997\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/daisy-marchisotti-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "One People of Australia League", "Entry ID": "IMP0090", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/one-people-of-australia-league\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "The One People of Australia League (OPAL) was established in 1961 as an Aboriginal advancement organisation based in Queensland. The OPAL Centre opened in Brisbane in 1971, providing social activities and support as well as publishing a quarterly journal (1966 - 1975). \nOPAL's early membership was predominantly mainstream and Christian and its goals were 'assimilationist.' However, these goals were modified in 1975, moving away from assimilation to a focus on fostering 'cooperation' between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities. \nSource: Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/they-spoke-out-pretty-good-the-leadership-of-women-in-the-brisbane-aboriginal-rights-movement-1958-1962\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-encyclopaedia-of-aboriginal-australia-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-history-society-and-culture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS)", "Entry ID": "IMP0149", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-awas\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Armed services organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) was established on 13 August 1941, to release men from certain military duties for service with fighting units. The Service recruited women between the ages of 18 and 45 and they served in a variety of roles including clerks, typists, cooks and drivers. In 1945 a contingent was sent to Lae and a small group went to Holland. In June 1947, owing to the end of World War II, the AWAS was disbanded.\n", "Details": "On 13 August 1941 the War Cabinet of the Australian Government gave approval for the Formation and Control of an Australian Army Women's Service to release men from military duties for employment with fighting units. The name was later changed to Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS).\nFrom the time of the appointment of the Controller AWAS on 29 September 1941, until cessation of hostilities in August 1945, 24,026 women enlisted as volunteers in the Service.\nHitherto there had been no women accepted by the Army except those in the Medical Services and the potentialities of women in other trades and professions had not been utilised. In addition, as the Service expanded women with no particular qualifications, apart from general intelligence were used in various occupations where willingness to serve and general adaptability were the main requirements.\nThe first 29 officers were a representative selection of Australian women appointed after many women had been interviewed in each State. It was considered essential that those selected for the first officers appointments should have proved themselves as leaders in their own trade or profession or in some form of community service. They were expected to have qualities of enthusiasm and confidence in the contribution which women could take to the Army, balance and dependability in carrying through a task, consideration for the requirements and needs of other women, and most importantly, tact and patience necessary for pioneering a new organisation.\nThe first Officer's Training School was held in Victoria in November-December 1941. During this time Japan entered the war and the need for womanpower in the Army was accentuated, recruiting and training commenced as soon as AWAS Officers returned to their areas. The types of recruits were quite splendid, alert, responsible and invariably inspired to volunteer by strong personal motives.\nInitially the Army only envisaged that women would be employed as clerks, typists, cooks and motor transport drivers, and in small numbers, however, the demand grew very quickly and by the end of 1942 12,000 recruits had been enlisted and trained.\nWhile at first AWAS were posted only to Headquarters, and Base Installations, they later took up duty, after specialist training in almost all Army Services. It is of interest to note that 3,618 served with the Royal Australian Artillery and they manned the Fixed Defences of Australia from Hobart in the South and Cairns in the North, and Perth in the West. And again 3,600 served in the Australian Corps of Signals, where they proved themselves well adapted for the type of work required of them.\nOfficers and other ranks of the Australian Intelligence Corps were commended for highly secret work. Motor transport drivers had truly varied lives driving cars, ambulances, trucks (up to 3 tons), jeeps, floating jeeps, Bren Gun Carriers, amphibious vehicles and driving convoys in all weathers. Australian Army Ordnance Corps employed 2,600 on a variety of tasks, some requiring a high degree of skill and all a marked degree of patience and perseverance. While quite unusual and somewhat trying work was carried out at the Proof and Experimental Range. Cooks, caterers and canteen workers were just as important as skilled Cipher clerks. There were several butchers in the AWAS.\nIn 1945 War Cabinet gave special approval for 500 AWAS to serve outside Australia. These members were posted to HQ 1st Aust. Army in New Guinea, 350 were selected and sailed on the MV Duntroon in May 1945.\nIn 1946, 1 Officer, 3 NCO's, and 1 Private AWAS were included in the Army quota of 160 personnel in the Victory March contingent for London June 1946.\nDuring 5 \u00bd years AWAS served throughout Australia from Darwin to Hobart, in populous parts and in some very lonely places. Each one according to her character and talents served Australia faithfully and well.\nThe Service was disbanded in June 1947.\nStatistics\nOctober 1941 - Initial establishment for 1,600 women\nJanuary 1942 - Establishment increased to 6,000 women\nAugust 1942 - Establishment increased to 20,000 (at the time strength was 9,000)\nTotal Enlistments - 24026\nMaximum Strength - 20,051 in January 1944\nOfficers numbered - 679 (Colonel 1, Lt Cols 4, Majors 22, Capt. 93, Lieut. 559)\nAWAS Units\nRecruiting Depots in all areas.\n71 AWAS Barracks.\nAdministrative Cadre for Welfare Officers.\nTraining Schools - LHQ Officers Schools - 25 Courses.\nNCOs Schools, AWAS Recruit Training Battalions & Coys.\nP & RT Schools, Supervisory Personnel School.\nThese training units later became Army Women's Services school and trained AWAS and Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS).\nRecreation Centres 4 (1 Northern Territory, 3 Queensland)\nAWAS first served on HQs and Base Installations and in the second half of 1942, employment was extended generally and covered Units as follows:-\nHQ 1st & 2nd Aust. Army, HQ 2nd & 3rd Aust Corps.\nHQ 8th Aust. Div., HQ Lae Base Sub-Area, Camp Staffs.\nArtillery, Engineers, Survey, Signals, Infantry, Intelligence, Supply & Transport, Ordnance, AEME, Pay, Veterinary, Postal, Provost, Printing & Stationary, Canteens, Amenities, Education, Schools including RMC, Aust. Staff College & Training Units; Salvage.\nAWAS worked as Drivers in Car Coys, and regimental establishments. Drove cars, 3 ton trucks, Jeeps, Brenguin Carriers, amphibious vehicles, ambulances and attended to the maintenance of vehicles.\nThey worked in watercraft workshops and in AEME repair shops: all duties connected with Signals, in the Broadcasting Unit, in Entertainment Unit, photographic unit, in Field Trail Coys. They manned A\/A guns and Searchlights and they worked as hairdressers (women only), as mess and kitchen staff including several butchers and as interpreters.\nOfficers were appointed to staff duties as follows:\n\nAAG (Women's Services),\nDirector of Military Training,\nSignal Officer in Chief,\nChaplain's Department,\nDirector of Education,\nDirector Public Relations,\nDirector of Amenities,\nDirector of Rehabilitation,\nIn Quartering,\nMilitary Intelligence,\nPsychology and as ADC to a GOC.\n\nSpecial duties were performed by an Anthropologist, a linguist, a Veterinary Surgeon, a sculptress; also as guards for Italian female internees in hospital and assisted in courts and in one mental home during an emergency.\nSeveral ADCs were appointed from time to time for duty with the Colonel-in-Chief of AWAS.\nThis office was accepted by the wife of the Governor-General and was held in turn by:\nHer Excellency The Lady Gowrie\nHer Excellency Lady Dugan\nHer Royal Highness The Duchess of Gloucester.\nAWAS in RAA numbered 3,618 in Fixed Defence\nAWAS in Signals numbered 3,600.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-khaki\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/awas-women-making-history\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/backing-up-the-boys-the-australian-womens-army-service-and-albury-army-area\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/memoirs-of-an-awas-driver\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-at-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-answered-the-call-awas-of-western-australia-and-their-mates\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/history-of-the-womens-australian-national-services-1940-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/2nd-australian-ambulance-car-company-1942-1946\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/khaki-clad-and-glad-30-years-after\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/remember\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/candles-in-the-sky\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-special-job-the-wheatstone-girls-1943-45\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/youll-be-sorry\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-and-world-war-ll-kit\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-mobilisation-of-women-into-active-services-the-yankee-invasion-how-the-war-affected-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/we-also-served-far-north-coast-n-s-w-ex-servicewomen-1939-1945\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/colonel-best-and-her-soldiers-the-story-of-the-33-years-of-the-womens-royal-australian-army-corps\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-8\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-wartime-may-douglas-who-played-a-prominent-part-in-the-australian-womens-army-service-raised-in-august-1941-contributes-some-of-her-memories\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-ca-1941-1946-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-association-n-s-w-pictorial-material\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/group-of-australian-womens-army-service-officers-from-the-victorian-land-headquarters-on-the-steps-of-the-shrine-of-remembrance\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/two-senior-members-of-the-australian-womens-army-service-awas-taking-a-wreath-into-the-shrine-of-remembrance-during-the-armistice-day-ceremony\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/an-informal-group-of-members-of-the-australian-womens-army-services-awas-model-their-improvised-costumes-for-a-musical-comedy-and-revue\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/general-sir-thomas-blamey-inspects-units-of-the-australian-womens-army-service-at-their-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-m-k-deasey-australian-womens-army-service-awas\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/portrait-of-major-kathleen-deasey-who-in-november-1941-was-appointed-assistant-controller-in-victoria-of-the-australian-womens-army-service\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/some-of-the-900-members-of-the-australian-womens-army-service-taking-part-in-a-march-past-as-a-farewell-to-major-lorna-byrne\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/major-lorna-byrne-assistant-controller-australian-womens-army-service-land-headquarters\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/awas-wants-100s-of-australias-keenest-women-urgently\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/release-a-man-join-the-a-w-a-s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-womens-army-service-awas-northern-territory\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tucker-eileen-corporal-b-1920\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/woods-mrs-h-a\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/interview-with-jean-scott-when-the-war-came-to-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-servicewomens-memorial-7\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/3336-australian-womens-army-service-association-queensland-inc-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/cutler-family-papers-1909-1995\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sibyl-howy-irving-scrapbooks-relating-to-the-australian-womens-army-service-1941-1946\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Soroptimist International of the South West Pacific (SISWP)", "Entry ID": "IMP0191", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/soroptimist-international-of-the-south-west-pacific-siswp\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Voluntary organisation", "Summary": "Soroptimist International of the South West Pacific (SISWP) is one of four federations in the world's largest classified service organization for business and professional women. Soroptimist International has more than 100,000 members in 3,000 clubs in over 100 countries and territories.\nSoroptimists are executive women of all ages, cultures and ethnic groups who work through a Programme of Service to make a difference for women throughout the world.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/magazine-of-soroptimist-international-of-the-south-west-pacific\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/polite-lobbying-the-australian-federation-of-women-voters-and-its-allies-in-the-australian-post-war-womens-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-soroptimist-international-of-the-south-west-pacific-circa-1937-2005-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/5519-soroptimist-international-south-queensland-region-records-1966-2012\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/4094-womens-place-womens-space-steering-committee-plans-june-1992\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Country Women's Association of Australia", "Entry ID": "IMP0209", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/country-womens-association-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The Country Women's Association of Australia was founded on 7 June 1945. Delegates from the six State Country Women's Associations, voted to form the national body. The purpose of the newly-formed body was to: \"enable Country Women's Associations throughout Australia to speak with one voice on all national matters, more especially concerning the welfare of country women and children\". The first state branch of the organisation had been formed in New South Wales in 1922. All other mainland states followed suit by 1928 with the Tasmanian branch being founded in 1936. It is a non-sectarian, non-party-political, non-profit lobby group working in the interests of women and children in rural areas. Given its national scope, large membership and longevity, it was arguably the most influential Australian women's organisation of the twentieth century.\nAs of 2004, the Association comprises44,000 members and 1855 branches. It is the largest women's organization in Australia.\n", "Details": "A national federation of the existing Australian state-based Country Women's Associations was first proposed in 1928. Discussion continued the following year with the formation of the first international rural women's organisation-the Associated Country Women of the World. But the state organisations were wary of losing their independence and identity to a national body. These fears and problems were resolved during several wartime meetings and the Country Women's Association of Australia was officially founded in 1945. It was agreed that the federal body would consult with all state organisations on issues of policy and that the presidency, and annual national conference, would rotate between the states. The foundation president was Mrs Helen Marfell, then the Victorian state president.\nIn each state, numerous local branches formed in rural areas, and metropolitan branches were also formed. There were considerable differences between the various state branches in terms of their activities and priorities. The National body, however, allowed concerted action on issues on which there was general consensus.\nThe CWA is a generally conservative organisation with an almost exclusively white membership. Historically, it was, however, also a progressive force in many ways. Particularly in its encouragement of country women to take an active part in public affairs. It has also been outspoken on environmental issues. As early as 1936, for example, the NSW branch passed a resolution in favour of equal pay for women. Although advocating a greater public role for country women, the organisation also in many ways defended traditional gender roles.\nEarly issues which attracted the attention of the national body in the 1940s included: the provision of basic utilities in rural areas; provision of home nursing; married women's right to retain their own nationality; the introduction of domestic science into the university curriculum. More recent concerns have been rural poverty and unemployment, and strengthening rural families. As of 2004, its aims are 'to improve the conditions for country women and children and try to make life better for women and their families, especially those women in rural and remote Australia.' Its functions are:\n1. To enable the Member Associations to speak with one voice on national and international matters through the National President.\n2. To represent the concerns of Member Associations to the federal Government, Non-Government Organisations (NGO'S) and other national bodies.\n3. To do such lawful things as are incidental or conducive to the above aims or any one of them, as considered necessary or desirable by the required majority of Member Associations.\nAnd its aims and objectives are:\nTO RAISE the standard of living of rural women and families through education, training and community development programmes.\nTO PROVIDE practical support to its members and help them set up income generating schemes.\nTO GIVE rural women a voice at international level through its links with UN agencies.\nGiven its national scope, large membership and longevity, it was arguably the most influential Australian women's organisation of the twentieth century. The organisation flourished in the years after WWII when many other urban women's groups went into decline. It is only in recent years that its position has become somewhat less secure-with the emergence of other rural women's organisations. Nevertheless, as of 2004, the Associated Country Women of the World (with which the Country Women's Association of Australia is affiliated) is the largest international organisation for rural women in the world with around nine million members across 70 countries.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/directory-of-australian-associations\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-many-hats-of-country-women-the-jubilee-history-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/getting-things-done-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-no-milkmaid-a-biography-of-dame-raigh-roe-d-b-e\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/guide-to-the-records-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/life-has-never-been-easy-report-of-the-survey-of-women-in-rural-australia-department-of-the-prime-minister-and-cabinet-office-of-the-status-of-women-and-the-country-womens-association-of-australi\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-view-of-the-australian-consumer-movement-from-the-middle-of-the-web\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/second-wave-feminism-in-rural-australia-the-main-elements-and-characteristics-of-the-rural-womens-movement-of-the-1990s\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/dame-raigh-roe-interviewed-by-gail-ohanlon-in-the-australians-of-the-year-oral-history-project-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-of-the-country-womens-association-of-australia-1945-1969-2003-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-country-womens-association-sound-recording-australias-largest-womens-organisation-researched-and-presented-by-ros-bowden\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Alexandra Club", "Entry ID": "IMP0210", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/alexandra-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Summary": "In 1903 some of the 260 members of the Wattle Club decided to expand their activities. At a meeting held on the 4th of August that year, members voted to carry the motion: 'That the name of the Wattle Club be changed to \"Alexandra Club\".\nAccording to Monica Starke, author of The Alexandra Club: A Narrative 1903-1983, Rule 1 of the Club states categorically: 'The name of the Club shall be the Alexandra Club and it shall be exclusively for social and non-political purposes'. The only quality sought in a prospective candidate was - and is - that she should be 'clubable'.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-ca-1908-ca-1966-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1905-1982-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "KarraKatta Club", "Entry ID": "IMP0211", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karrakatta-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Perth, Western Australia, Australia", "Summary": "Author Monica Starke writes in the publication The Alexandra Club:\n\"The honour of being the first women's club in Australia belongs to the Karrakatta Club, founded in Perth in 1894\u2026 The inspiration for the club came from Dr Emily Ryder, a visiting American who was so impressed by the standard of the books studied by the St George's Reading Circle and the members' ability in debate that she suggested the formation of a club modelled on the Education Clubs that were popular with American women. A well-attended meeting, convened by two distinguished members of the teaching profession, unanimously voted to form a club on the lines explained to them by Dr Ryder. Sociability would not have been ruled out as an aim but Dr Ryder obviously envisaged an active role in public affairs for the new club since she warned that 'ridicule would be cast on the club but they must make up their minds to live down opposition and ignore ridicule'. With this attractive future predicted for it the Karrakatta Club set off bravely with thirty-eight foundation members and four departments: hygiene, literature, arts and, as an afterthought, because of the continuing battle for the enfranchisement of women, legal and educational.\"\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-alexandra-club-a-narrative-1903-1983\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/karrakatta-club-incorporated-history-1894-1954\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/editorial-praising-the-karrakatta-club-for-its-suggestions-as-to-how-the-queens-diamond-jubilee-can-be-celebrated\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/heredity-and-environment\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/in-the-thick-of-every-battle-for-the-cause-of-labor-the-voluntary-work-of-the-labor-womens-organisations-in-western-australia-1900-1970\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/records-1894-1981-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/letter-from-mrs-phoebe-holmes-to-mrs-gavan-duffy-23-december-1923-about-the-karrakatta-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-1899-1956-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-service-guilds-of-western-australia-records\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "YWCA of Australia", "Entry ID": "IMP0212", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ywca-of-australia\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The vision of the YWCA of Australia is of a fully inclusive world where peace, justice, freedom, human dignity, reconciliation and diversity are promoted and sustained through women's leadership.\nThe YWCA of Australia is a women's membership organisation nourished by its roots in the Christian faith and sustained by the richness of many beliefs and values. Strengthened by diversity the YWCA draws together members who strive to create opportunities for growth, leadership and empowerment in order to attain a common vision: peace, justice, freedom and dignity for all people. In Australia, the YWCA is represented in over 45 locations in all States and Territories, and currently delivers services to more than a quarter of a million women, men and children each year, throughout rural, regional and metropolitan Australia. The YWCAs of Australia provide services in youth; childcare; health; housing; emergency accommodation and travel accommodation.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/prowlers-in-the-darkened-cinema-australian-church-womens-associations-and-the-arrival-of-the-motion-picture-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/for-the-upholding-of-womanhood-melbournes-interwar-hostels-for-business-girls\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-dauntless-bunch-the-story-of-the-ywca-in-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-association-woman\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-3\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-christian-association-of-australia\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "AIF Women's Association", "Entry ID": "IMP0263", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/aif-womens-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation", "Summary": "The AIF Women's Association was established in 1940, by the wives of six service officers. The main purpose was to bring together, in fellowship and understanding, the womenfolk of the men on active service so that they could help each other in time of need. The Melbourne City Council provided rent-free premises at 437, and later 435A, Collins Street Melbourne. Here the women could seek assistance or advice, have a cup of tea or leave a child while attending the doctor, dentist or an urgent appointment.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/no-mean-destiny-the-story-of-the-war-widows-guild-of-australia-1945-85\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Against Rape Adelaide", "Entry ID": "PR00035", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-against-rape-adelaide\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "AdelaideAdelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Protesting, Social awareness organisation", "Summary": "Women Against Rape (WAR) was formed after the 1981 ANZAC Day March in Canberra where three hundred women demonstrated about and for women raped in war. The Adelaide women organised a rally in support of the women who had been arrested in Canberra.\n", "Details": "Women Against Rape (WAR) was formed after the 1981 ANZAC Day March in Canberra where three hundred women demonstrated about and for the women raped in war. The Canberra group had been protesting at ANZAC Day Marches since 1979. The Adelaide women organised a rally in support of the women who had been arrested. With the aid of the International Women's Day Collective, WAR undertook a campaign to raise awareness of this issue in Adelaide. The women wanted to march at the end of the ANZAC Day march but permission was not granted. They were advised they could march only after 12 pm. WAR met in Victoria Square and they laid wreaths at the War Memorial, which where then removed by police and bystanders. WAR's campaign highlighted the fact that when they handed out a newssheet of their actions they were prevented due to the by-law preventing women from selling or distributing news. Women Against Rape was part of a International movement of women, protesting rape in war.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-women-against-rape-coalition-war\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Environmental Action Group", "Entry ID": "PR00040", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-environmental-action-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Port AdelaidePort Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social action organisation", "Summary": "In 1988 a small group of Adelaide women formed the Women's Environmental Action Group, to educate people on environmental issues effecting their lives and how they could help change things\n", "Details": "The Women's Environmental Action Group members undertook a schools program in their area teaching children about recycling and paper making. They made a submission on waste management in Australia. They staged protest actions at supermarkets against excessive packaging, and in shopping centres placing stickers on toy guns as a protest against war and the first Gulf War. They protested the Roxby Downs uranium shipments, noting down container numbers to send to protesters in other countries. The undertook Nurrunga and yellow cake actions to increase awareness about uranium. The Port Adelaide local government area became a nuclear free zone and the women put up signs to celebrate this. The banner in the photographs at the International Women's Day was confiscated by the police and longer exists. They wrote articles for 'Liberation', the Adelaide Women's Liberation Newsletter. Members included Silver Moon, Doris Horvath, Kate Lawrence, Seja Sims, and Sally Sims.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-environmental-action-group-weng\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminist-anti-nuclear-group-fang-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-against-nuclear-energy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Women's Advisory Office", "Entry ID": "PR00043", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-womens-advisory-office\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Advisory body, Government department", "Summary": "The Office of the Women's Adviser to the Premier was created in South Australia in 1976. The first Women's Advisor was Deborah McCulloch. The Office had a broad ambit and was able to provide women's services and to liaise with other government department on issues that affected women. The Office could comment upon ways to improve legislation and also undertake its own projects.\n", "Details": "The Women's Advisory Unit was established by Deborah McCulloch in 1976 as a result of a comprehensive report on the Public Service in South Australia. Deborah was appointed on a three year contract and during this time she established the Women's Information Switchboard. They undertook research on women's issues and provided information to the Premier. The office was to co-ordinate activities relating to women in the state for the betterment of women's status and well-being in South Australia. Some of the other women involved include Rosemary Wighton and Mary McLeod.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-movement-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/fresh-evidence-new-witnesses-finding-womens-history\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hindmarsh-womens-community-health-centre-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/union-of-australian-women-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Information Centre Flinders University", "Entry ID": "PR00047", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-information-centre-flinders-university\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Flinders University Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Flinders University Bedford ParkFlinders University Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Library", "Summary": "The Women's Information Centre at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia, was established to assist female students with their studies and to act as a free library. The Centre was the focus of a campaign to save Women's Studies at Flinders University when it was proposed that the course be withdrawn. This campaign was international with support from other women's studies courses and lecturers. The Centre's Name was changed to the Southern Women's Recourse Centre and they published a newsletter Connections.\n", "Details": "The Women's Information Centre was part of the Flinders University Students Union student services. It was part of the Union building on campus and housed not only a library of feminist books by women but also a collection of articles and students' work. The Information Centre was open not only to students at the University but also the public and students from other educational institutions. Flinders University Women's Studies Course was part of the Philosophy Department from 1973 and available to both enrolled students and women in the community. It had a progressive approach to teaching. The students' work was assessed by fellow students and topics for essay or discussion were student driven. A daybook was kept to record tutorials and could be used for essay topics or further discussions. In 1981 the Women's Studies course was threatened with closure. The students, staff and Union of Students mobilized a campaign to maintain the course. Through this campaign there were petitions and letters in support of the course, from both Australia and overseas. The outcome was that the course was retained and given a higher profile.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-politics-of-womens-studies\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/twenty-years-womens-studies-at-flinders-1986-2006\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-information-service-flinders-university\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tuesday-afternoon-group\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/flinders-university-womens-information-centre-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Port Adelaide Girls Technical High School", "Entry ID": "PR00050", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/port-adelaide-girls-technical-high-school\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educational institution", "Summary": "The Port Adelaide Girls Technical High School was established from the Port Adelaide Primary School and the Central School for Girls in 1940. In 1962 the school was moved to the a new building opened by Lady Bastyan, the wife of the governor.\n", "Details": "The Port Adelaide Girls Department was part of the Port Adelaide Primary School (1925), while the primary school it self was opened in 1862. The School was known as the Central School. The Port Adelaide Girls Technical High School was established in 1940. The School operated on two sites. In 1962 a new building brought the two sites into one. Lady Bastyan opened the Port Adelaide Girls Technical High School, which was the first time the spouse of the Governor had opened a school. Principals included Marg Beagley and Carolyne Ryan.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/port-adelaide-girls-technical-school-magazine\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/port-adelaide-girls-technical-school\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Tuesday Afternoon Group of Women's Liberation", "Entry ID": "PR00053", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tuesday-afternoon-group-of-womens-liberation\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Political organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Tuesday afternoon group was formed in 1972 for older women interested in feminist issues. Over the years the group has included s Molly Brannigan, Eulalie Tapp, Alison Gent, Ruth Sullen, Constance Frazer and Barbara Polkinghorne. They were active in raising the issue of housing for older women. They also supported many women's issues in third world countries fighting against social injustice. They have been active in the International Women's Day Marches.\n", "Details": "The Tuesday Afternoon Group of Women's Liberation (TAG) started in 1972 It was primarily for women living in domestic situations but is open to all women. Its main purpose was for older feminists and the issues they faced. The women lobbied for older women's housing and shelters. The women went away on weekend camps together. The Group has been represented in all the International Women's Day Marches in Adelaide since 1972. In 1988 they sponsored older feminists, Louise Fanos and Lynett Aried to perform at the Fringe Theatre Club, 'Older Women Ready or Not'. TAG meetings are held in the Women's Advisory Service each Tuesday where women can enjoy the company and conversation. The group supports and fights against social injustice. The women have included Molly Brannigan, Eulalie Tapp, Alison Gent, Ruth Sullen and Barbara Polkinghorne.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberation\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tuesday-afternoon-group\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-committee-research-project-summary-record-sound-recording-interviewers-celia-frank-and-kirstin-marks\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "St Peters Women's Community Centre", "Entry ID": "PR00056", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-peters-womens-community-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "St Peters, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation, Feminist organisation", "Summary": "St Peters Women's Community Centre was established in 1977 and provides a meeting place for the women of the St Peters\/Norwood area of Adelaide. The Centre offers childcare and courses for women including fitness self defence, crafts, yoga, maintenance. It also has a strong volunteer program offering women the opportunity to gain new skills before entering the work force.\n", "Details": "St Peters Women's Community Centre was established to provide a venue for the women in the area as part of the International Women's Year Initiative. A survey of the women were undertaken in the area to demonstrated a need for the Centre. Two and a half years of meeting mostly weekly, saw the women trying to organise the accommodation funding and structure of the centre. The St Peters Council granted the funding and a building and the women worked to renovate the old house in which the Centre was officially opened in 1977. The Centre offered a meeting place, and a series of courses that would run for a term where child care was provided. Grants were given for the Arts Grants Advisory Board for the craft courses and Early Childhood Council for the child care worker. The courses included yoga, self defence, fitness, craft, massage and assertiveness training. A walking group and free film were also part of the Centre. The strong volunteer program offers women's work skills to help with paid employment. In 2007 the Centre was involved in a campaign to preserve the 100 year old cottages they occupy and were successful. \u00a0Some of the women involved in the Centre over its long history are, Chris Beasley, Mary Nettle, Sally and Monica O'Wheel, Suzi Jones, Viv Szekeres, Mary McLeod, Myra Betschild, Trish Fairley, Connie Frazer, Bernice Cohen, Sue Hetzel.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-peters-womens-community-centre-3\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/st-peters-womens-community-centre-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Young Women's Action Group", "Entry ID": "PR00059", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-action-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Young Women's Action Group was formed as a independent feminist group to support, encourage promote and take positive action on issues of concern surrounding young women in South Australia.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/young-womens-action-constitution\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adelaide Women's Prison Support Group", "Entry ID": "PR00061", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-prison-support-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Social activist organisation", "Summary": "The Adelaide Women's Prison Support Group was formed in 1996. A Meeting was called for 14 October 1996, initiated through the Adelaide Women's Prison Project (AWPP).\n", "Details": "The Adelaide Women's Prison Support Group was formed in 1996. A meeting was called for 14 October 1996 on the initiative of the Adelaide Women's Prison Project (AWPP). The AWPP was a strategic alliance of a number of South Australian women's services including the Women's Information Service, Women's Health State Wide, Northern Women's Community Health Service, Dale Street Women's Health, Department of Correctional Services, Greek Women's Society of South Australia, National Council of Women, Western Area Women's Shelter, United Nations Status on Women, Women's Electoral Lobby, Aboriginal Prison Education, Aboriginal Drug and Alcohol Council and the insideout program attached to the women's prisons. The AWPP recognised the lack of information for women in prison and on release, the lack of half way housing support, and the lack of education programs for women in prison. The meeting was held in the Pilgrim Church Hall were a draft of a constitution was discussed.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Rape Crisis Centre", "Entry ID": "PR00063", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/rape-crisis-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Hindmarsh, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Educator, Feminist support service, Social change", "Summary": "The Adelaide Rape Crisis Centre was formed as an outgrowth of the Hindmarsh Women's Community Centre, a free medical service for women. It became obvious after a short time that a separate service was needed, given the number of women reporting past rapes and the lack of available services. The founders of the Rape Crisis Centre had three main purposes: 1) to support women after the rape, 2) to change attitudes to rape and 3) to teach self defence. They organised the first 'Reclaim the Night March' in Adelaide. The group made a submission to the Mitchell Report on Rape and Other Sexual Offences.\n", "Details": "The Centre was opened on 6 September 1976 with 28 trained women on roster for limited phone counselling. By 1980 they had 40 volunteers and 2 part time coordinators. These workers and volunteers took on roles in counselling services, community education, administration, the Management Committee, Liaison Committee and the sexual assault clinic. They trained other services who helped women and girls who had been raped or sexually assaulted.\nInitially the Rape Crisis Centre operated at Mary St, Hindmarsh. The service then moved to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and on to North Adelaide where it became Yarrow Place. The centre has produced a newsletter since 1977 which is now online.\nSome of the women involved include Heather Crosby, Myra Williams (Betschild), Silver Moon, Helen Oxenham, Jenny Cooke, Chris Beasley, Stephanie Key, Jill Miller, Jillian and Val Tidswell and Diana Kemp.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hindmarsh-womens-community-health-centre-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-rape-crisis-centre-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Ms Print", "Entry ID": "PR00068", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ms-print\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "AdelaideAdelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "printer", "Summary": "Ms Print was established to provide inexpensive quality women's work, to print women's artistic work and to run workshops for sharing experiences. It operated out of the Women's Studies Resource Centre from 1979 to 1983.\n", "Details": "Ms Print was established to provide inexpensive quality women's work, to print women's artistic work\u00a0to run workshops to sharing experiences. It operated out of the Women's Studies Resource Centre from 1979 to 1983. It applied for a Department of Arts Grant but was unsuccessful and thus they\u00a0sold feminist books\u00a0to raise money. The minutes of the meetings shows they had a high turnover in the collective membership and the relations with the Women's Studies Resource Centre were strained. They sold books at conferences, on International Women's Day and from the Women's Studies Resource Centre. Some of the women involved include, Kate Barrett, Jillinda Thompson, Pat Gallasch, Jill Whithead, Suzi Jones, Karen Elliott, Jan Egan and Jan Phadke.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "5 MMM", "Entry ID": "PR00070", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/5-mmm\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Norwood, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "radio broadcasting", "Summary": "5 MMM was a public radio broadcaster that presented a number of women's programs, including; Women's Weekly, and Sunday Monthly . The programs had female presenters at a time when commercial stations did not. The women produced, wrote, presented and were the audio engineers. A small collective organised the programs' content, time lines and themes. The station became 3D radio in 1988.\n", "Details": "5 MMM was a public radio broadcasting which presented a number of women's programs like Women's Weekly, and Sunday Monthly. It was one of three public radio stations at the time run by Progressive Music Broadcasting Association on 93.7 MHZ. The programmes had female presenters at a time when commercial stations did not. The women produced, wrote, presented and were the audio engineers. Sunday Monthly interviewed women from feminist organisations like Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL), Women's Information Switchboard and Women's Studies Resource Centre. A small collective organised the programs time lines content and themes. On the 8th March 1980 the women took over the station and ran 24 hours of women's programmes. They organised a concert with Margaret Roadknight, Jeannie Lewis, Janine Conway, Jan Cornell and Elizabeth Drake. Some of the women involved included, Barbara Baird, Nikki Page, Collette Snowden, Vicki Wilkinson, Jade McCuthen, Sally Carter, Barbara Farrelly and Gay Walsh. The station became 3D radio in 1988.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberation\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/5-mmm-fm-community-radio-ephemera-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Unemployed Women's Union", "Entry ID": "PR00071", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unemployed-womens-union\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "AdelaideAdelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Unemployed Women's Union was a response to the economic downturn of 1980. The members wanted to debunk the myth of married women who were working as the cause of unemployment, to defend the right for all women to work, and to act as a support group for unemployed women. They picketed employers, published a newsletter, spoke at rallies, wrote letters to newspapers and politicians, and applied for jobs en masse.\n", "Details": "The Unemployed Women's Union was a response to the economic downturn of 1980. They wanted to debunk the myth of married women working as the cause of unemployment, defend the right for all women to work, and as a support group for unemployed women. The picketed employers laying off women and published a newsletter called 'Fury'. They provided speakers at rallies, wrote letters to newspapers and politicians, and applied for jobs en masse. They formed the Unemployed Women's Union Support Group. The union liaised with the Working Women's Centre on issues of discrimination, unfair dismal. Unemployed Women's Union produced stickers, badges, pamphlets and made a banner for marches. They participated in the Beef March of 1980. \u00a0This was a reference to a famous march of unemployed in Adelaide during the Great Depression. Some of the women involved included Silver Moon, Betty Fisher, Jillinda Thompson, Anne Farrer, Chris Wijesinha, Lyz Holdsworth, Claire Groves, Evelyn Dent and Dale Bacon.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberation\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/unemployed-womens-union-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "International Women's Day Collective", "Entry ID": "PR00074", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-collective\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Event organiser, Social awareness organisation", "Summary": "The International Women's Day (IWD) Collective is not to be confused with the IWD Committee which was formed in 1938. The IWD Collective was formed by the second wave feminists and was concerned with the IWD March; the festival or picnic after the march and the IWD Dance. They organised themes for the day and speakers. They also produced posters, badges and t-shirts.\n", "Details": "The International Women's Day (IWD) Collective, [not to be confused with the IWD Committee formed in 1938] was form by\u00a0second wave of feminists and is concerned with the IWD march the festival or picnic after the march and the IWD dance. They organised permits to march, hiring of halls, picnic grounds, the speakers and have themes for the day, produce posters badges and t-shirts. The picnic has entertainment, speakers on different issues as well as feminist organisations providing goods and information to people. The first rally organised by the Women's Festival Committee in 1974. By 1977 the IWD Collective was formed. The IWD Collective events are less formalised and enable all women to participate. There have been many women involved in the collective but includes, Silver Moon, Carmel O'Reilly (O'Loughin), Fij Miller, Annie Dugdale, Lotus Cavagino, Marilyn Rolls, Marg McHugh, Dawn Mc Mahon, Francis Phoenix (Budden), Claire Flarety, Janet Giles, Connie Frazer (often spelt Fraser), Joan Russell, Molly Brannigan, Margie Fischer and Polly Summer.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberation\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/international-womens-day-collective-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Feminist Anti-Nuclear Group (FANG)", "Entry ID": "PR00077", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminist-anti-nuclear-group-fang\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "AdelaideAdelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Anti-nuclear group, Feminist organisation, Peace organisation", "Summary": "Feminist Anti-Nuclear Group (FANG) was formed in November 1982, initially as an organisation which enabled women to demonstrate their solidarity with the women of the Greenham Common Peace Camp.\nCentral to FANG's philosophy was a non-hierarchical structure, where women were free to feel empowered and express their desire to work toward the common goals of peace, social justice and a nuclear-free future.\nThe group organised several actions, including a peace camp at the US Base at Smithfield, and a 2-week vigil in support of the Pine Gap Peace Camp. The group also coordinated women's only spaces at Roxby Downs actions, as well as information and film nights to educate women about worldwide peace movements and anti-nuclear actions, to educate its members about non-violent direct action techniques.\n", "Details": "FANG was formed in November 1982, initially as an organisation that enabled women to demonstrate their solidarity with the women of the Greenham Common Peace Camp.\nCentral to FANG's philosophy was a non-hierarchical structure, where women were free to feel empowered and express their desire to work toward the common goals of peace, social justice and a nuclear-free future. Their aims were for all countries to disarm, to end nuclear fuel cycles, a commitment to non-violence, and an end to patriarchal oppression.\nThe group organised several actions, including a peace camp at the US Base at Smithfield, and a 2-week vigil in Adelaide in support of the Pine Gap Peace Camp. The group also coordinated women's only spaces at Roxby Downs actions, as well as information and film nights to educate women about worldwide peace movements and anti-nuclear actions, and educated its members about non-violent direct action techniques.\nThey sent letters of support to the Women's Peace Movement in England, Italy and Sweden, and some members of FANG (including Briony Monahan) travelled to and lived at the Women's Peace Camp at Greenham Common, and later to the Peace Camp in Comiso, Sicily. FANG received much correspondence from international women's peace groups, including a banner from a Swedish women's peace group.\nFANG decided not to support the Women's Peace Camp at Pine Gap in 1983, citing a lack of communication with interstate organisers, and thus exclusion from group processes and decision-making. FANG was concerned about the effect of the Peace Camp's presence on the traditional owners of the site at Pine Gap, as well as women activists of Alice Springs, and a concern regarding violence towards these groups in particular. As an alternative, FANG proposed a National Day of Women's Peace Action on the 11th of November (intended to be the start of the Peace Camp) and held vigils and actions in Adelaide instead. These actions included a daily vigil on the steps of Parliament House, the Pillowcase Protest (where women were encouraged to create an image of their dreams of a nuclear future on a pillowcase- later used as an installation at Rymill Park) and daily peace picnics at Rymill Park for women and children only.\nFANG worked with Women for Survival to organise an action in Victoria Square, Adelaide, in April 1984, as an indication of their support for the trials of the women that were expelled from the Comiso Peace Camp, called the \"Flying Web Action\". The web was a frequently used symbol indicating the interconnectedness of women around the world within their visions of a nuclear-free future, where the web of communication and connection between women demonstrated their unity, diversity and as well as strength and fluidity of structure. It was also a symbol used by the women of Greenham Common, and within other Peace Actions around the world.\nThe group had regular correspondence with other peace organisations, such as Women Against Nuclear Energy (WANE) and Campaign Against Nuclear Energy, Women's Action Against Global Violence (WAAGV) and Women for Survival. FANG also received financial sponsorship from the Seaman's Union of Australia (SA Branch) and the 1984 crew of various ships, as well as the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the Waterside Workers' Federation.\nThe group operated out of the Women's Liberation Movement offices at 6 Mary Street Hindmarsh, holding regular meetings where they sought to evenly distribute the balance of power, by rotating the meeting coordinators and facilitators. As a group, FANG initially struggled with numerous issues regarding their \"women only\" status, as well as concern surrounding their appearance to outsiders (whose interest and involvement they sought to attract). Issues rose regarding whether or not the term 'feminist' was 'scary', and whether members felt they should conceal their lesbianism in order not to isolate or offend non-feminist\/non-lesbian women. FANG sought to gain the attention of surrounding people via 'active action'- moderate civil disobedience - in an effort to retain the support of people who came along, without setting themselves apart as being 'too militant'.\nSome of the women involved included, Connie Frazer, Marg Hypatia, Barbara Baird, Marg Madden, Annie Dugdale, Briony Monahan, Deirdre Knox, Nadine Williams, Jan Crawford, Bobbi Willow and many others whose first names have only been recorded.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberation\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-against-nuclear-energy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Hindmarsh Women's Community Health Centre", "Entry ID": "PR00078", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hindmarsh-womens-community-health-centre\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Hindmarsh, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "HindmarshHindmarsh, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Health service", "Summary": "Hindmarsh Women's Community Health Centre was the first women's health centre in South Australia. The Women's Liberation Movement recognised the need for a separate women's health centre from the number of health related calls and personal enquiries it received and lobbied the government for assistance. Funding was granted in 1974 and 6 Mary St, Hindmarsh was officially open in 1976. The Health Centre became a teaching centre for women's health in late 1975 and produced pamphlets on both general and gynaecological health. The Rape Crisis Centre evolved from the Health Centre.\nFunding came through the state government and as a result there were some clashes between the bureaucracy and the feminist executive over how the centre should be run. This was further complicated by the clashing politics of the various feminist groups involved in the centre, which was run by a feminist collective. Conflict with the State Health Department eventually lead to the withdrawal of funding.\nAfter the intervention of the Women's Adviser to the Premier, who argued the case for the need for specialised women's health services, the centre was moved to North Adelaide and became Women's Health Statewide. The Centre then became known as the Welling Place, providing alternative health including a vegetable patch for the community. 6 Mary St was demolished in 1989 to make way for the Adelaide Entertainment Centre.\n", "Details": "The work of the Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement of the 1970s called for a separate women's health education centre to inform women about basic gynaecology, reproductive health and psychological health. A group called Body Political put out a newsletter on women's health and presented a program 'Our Body Ourselves' on radio 5UV at Adelaide University. The submission for funding was made in 1974. Funding was granted in 1974 and 6 Mary St Hindmarsh was officially open in 1976. Hindmarsh Women's Community Health Centre was the first women's health centre in South Australia. With the public funding of the Centre there was a struggle between what the feminist wanted to achieve and the\u00a0South Australian Health Commission\u00a0with its limiting rules. The feminists wanted to teach women about their health but because they were not an accredited institution they had to be granted the right to teach. The Centre produced pamphlets on both general and gynaecological health. They did become a teaching centre for women's health for a time. Because funding was through the state the feminist way of running the centre as a collective with members of the centre and the bureaucracy and its requirements often clashed. This was further complicated by the feminist groups involved in the centre. The conflict with the Health Department eventually led to the withdrawal of funding. With the intervention of the Women's Adviser to the Premier the need of Women's Health Centre was argued and the centre was moved to North Adelaide and became Women's Health Statewide. Hindmarsh Women's Health Centre continued with the Medicare payments to support other work of the centre. The Centre then became known as the Welling Place, providing alternative health including a vegetable patch for the community. 6 Mary St was demolished in 1989 for the Adelaide Entertainment Centre. The Rape Crisis Centre evolved from the Health Centre. Some of the women involved include Margaret Mc Donald, Mary Nettle, Vicky Papadopolois, Karen Weir, Maria Radoslovich, Sylvia Kinder, Trish Leigh, Helen Bock and Silver Moon.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-piece-of-the-cake-a-celebration-and-herstory-of-metropolitan-womens-health-centres-in-south-australia\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hindmarsh-womens-community-health-centre-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women Against Nuclear Energy (WANE)", "Entry ID": "PR00080", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-against-nuclear-energy-wane\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Anti-nuclear group, Feminist organisation, Peace organisation", "Summary": "Women Against Nuclear Energy (WANE) was formed as a result of a growing feminist concern about, and a desire for action on, uranium and nuclear power issues. WANE's objectives included educating and activating women as citizens rather than as mothers and carers. The exclusion of males was felt to better enable this, providing women with an environment free from the constraints of sexism that were felt to be inherent in the hierarchical structure of other anti-nuclear groups.\nWANE aimed to work with women's groups in unions against uranium. The group also supported investigation into finding alternative energy sources. WANE believed the implications of a solar future were inherent in feminist theory (for example, people before profits). WANE maintained strong links to Campaign Against Nuclear Energy (CANE) and helped organise Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament (WAND).\n", "Details": "WANE's objectives included the education and activation of women, beyond appealing to them as mothers and carers. The exclusion of males was felt to better enable this, providing women with an environment free from the constraints of sexism that were felt to be inherent in the hierarchical structure of other anti-nuclear groups.\nWANE aimed to work with women's groups in unions and to give support to their actions against uranium mining; work with migrant women to spread information; promote alternative energy sources and provide extensive anti-nuclear resources, such as books, slides, films nights, seminars, and group discussions with guest speakers. WANE sought to offer women an environment and the skills to develop confidence in public speaking, so that women could then promote their anti-nuclear message to other women within the community. The group also sought to develop and promote the feminist perspective within Campaign Against Nuclear Energy (CANE) with which they retained close ties, and sought to overcome the sexism that in part motivated the establishment of WANE.\nWANE was borne from a conflict that arose in 1980, when the trade union movement had organised an anti-uranium march on the same day as International Women's Day. For the members of WANE, this conflict emphasised the need for independent mobilisation against nuclear energy, and to gain the support of the women within the trade union movement for the anti-uranium movement.\nWANE evolved in to an action group that, while sharing many of the same members, were not formally affiliated with CANE. WANE members felt that it was important to retain their relationship with both groups in order to ensure that CANE operated in a non-sexist manner.\nWANE members sought to self educate, in order to better educate others, particularly other women's groups, and women that were otherwise isolated within the community. There was particular emphasis on issues such as low-level radiation, the nuclear fuel cycle, the ethics of nuclear power, direct action and civil disobedience. WANE believed the implications of a solar future were inherent in feminist theory (for example, people before profits).\nThe group publicised themselves via Women's Liberation Newsletters, radio (5MMM), the Women's Art Movement, the Women's Resource Centre, as well as producing a newsletter for its members.\nWANE held dances and film nights to raise money, and supported the Sound Women's Peace Camp in Cockburn Sound in Western Australia, and the Pine Gap Peace Camp. WANE also helped organise Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament (WAND).\nSome of the women involved include Connie Frazer, Mary Nettle, Liz Bluff, Sue Maywald, Brenda Rayner, Jan Phadke, Jill Chapman, Dee Neagle, Margaret Lee, Stephanie Goss, Vickey Page, Heriette Riis Jorgenson, Doris Horvath, Heather Crosby, Maria Zadoroznyj, Nadine Williams, as well as many others.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminist-anti-nuclear-group-fang-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-against-nuclear-energy\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Action Against Global Violence (WAAGV)", "Entry ID": "PR00082", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-action-against-global-violence-waagv\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Occupations": "Peace organisation, Political organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "Women's Action Against Global Violence (WAAGV) was formed in Sydney in the early 1980s, as an organisation that aimed to support \"women and children of all races and cultures in their struggle against violence and oppression\". WAAGV was distinctly anti-nuclear, citing the nuclear arms race and its direct link to uranium mining, as well as the desecration of Australian Aboriginal land, the endangerment of workers' health and environmental instability as the basis for the group's opposition to uranium mining.\nWAAGV organised and supported numerous protests and events, including the Pine Gap Peace Camp, 1983, an all women's peace camp at Lucas Heights, women's only dances and a 'Die-In', a peaceful action that was intended as a symbolic representation of nuclear attack. The group felt that it was necessary to retain a women only composition as it provided an environment where women could speak out, enabling a correction of a gender imbalance that was identified within the decision making process in other groups.\nThey had strong links to other women's peace groups including Feminist Anti-Nuclear Group (FANG) and Women Against Nuclear Energy (WANE) in Adelaide.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/feminist-anti-nuclear-group-fang-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-against-nuclear-energy\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/irina-dunn-papers-ca-1980-1984-with-papers-collected-relating-to-early-feminists-1873-1983\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women's Theatre Group", "Entry ID": "PR00094", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-theatre-group\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "theatre performance", "Summary": "The Women's Theatre Group was active in Adelaide from 1975 to 1989. The group wrote, produced, directed, scored, performed and built the stage for their productions. They performed cabaret and theatrical works. All-women productions were a first in Adelaide. The women worked through a collective. They won the Adelaide Festival Centre best production award for 'Redheads Revenge' in 1978.\nOther productions included 'Christobel in Paris' 1975, 'Caroline Chisel Show' 1976, International Women's Day Concert and 'Chores 1' in 1977, 'Chores 2' and 'I want I want' 1979, 'Out of the Frying Pan' 1980,' Onward to Glory' 1982, 'Margin to Mainstream' and 'Women and Work Women and Paid Work' 1984, 'Sybils Xmas Concert '1985, and 1989 'Is this Seat Taken?', this last show explored relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women. The group included the Women in Education Theatre Group and the Feminist Theatre Group.\n", "Details": "During International Women's Year (1975) a grant was awarded for a women's cabaret called 'Christobel in Paris'. The women formed a collective to produce, write, perform, manage, and build stages for their own plays and revues. In December 1976 the 'Caroline Chisel Show' written by Jenny Pausacker with musical direction and arrangement by Janet Seidel was performed. The following year they performed at the International Women's Day Concert and produced 'Chores' which later became 'Chores 1'.\nIn 1978 Jenny Pausacker and Janet Seidel teamed up again for 'Redheads Revenge'. This was performed at the Space theatre Adelaide Festival Centre and the play won the best production award from the Centre for 1978. 'Redheads Revenge' was based on the conventions of melodrama and its cast included Fran and Pat Kelly, Helen Bock, Minnie Applemy along with many others. 'Redheads Revenge' turned a profit and the collective created the Feminist Theatre Fund for future productions. In 1979 these productions included 'Chores 2' and 'I want I want'.\nIn November 1980 'Out of the Frying Pan' collectively written by Jacki Cook, Jenny Pausacker, Miranda and Pat Roe, Sue Higgins [Sheridan], Andi Sebastian, Anne Dunn, Lindy Sharne and Judy Szekeres. The 'Lonely Motherhood Show' was produced in 1981. In 1982 Anne Dunn directed 'Into the 30's'. Women's Education Theatre Group mounted a production in 1982 of 'Onward To Glory' at the Royality Theatre. Jenny Pausacker and Anne Dunn wrote 'Margin to Mainstream', performed in 1984. 'Women and Work Women and Paid work' and 'Sybil's Xmas Concert' were performed in 1985.\nThe final production in 1989 was 'Is this seat taken?', written by Jenny Pausacker and other collective members. This last show explored relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women. Many of the performances were videoed and or audio taped including post production meetings.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-theatre-group-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement Archive", "Entry ID": "PR00096", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archive\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Historical collection, Research", "Summary": "The Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement Archive was established in 1984 by a concerned group of women who wanted to preserve the history of what was called the second wave of feminism. With the aid of the Community Employment Program and the feminist community, memorabilia was collected along with the papers of a variety of groups and individuals. The material was collected from late 1969 through to 2008.\n", "Details": "The Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement Archive gathered the memorabilia of women and groups who had been and were part of the Women's Liberation Movement. The archive includes minutes, agendas, correspondence, films, photographs, video and audio tapes, posters, flyers, pamphlets, banners, badges, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks and financial records. \u00a0A Collective was formed and they set about writing the rules of the archive and for collecting. They created forms for the donors, with reference to copyright and for biographies for the groups and individuals. However over the years a lot of material was just left as donations with little or no detail as to its provenance. As women's organisations folded with the Fraser government's cuts to women's programs in the early eighties the archive was a safe alternative to the loss of these records. The organisations which contributes included the Women's Liberation Movement. This material from the Women's Movement includes daybooks for many women's group, pamphlets, information, booklets, news clippings, posters - both theirs and those of other groups. The papers of Feminists Against Nuclear Energy Group (FANG) and Women Against Nuclear Energy (WANE) were listed as the Women's Peace Movement. Many women donated material on the Women's Theatre Group, including film, video, audio tapes scripts and music along with photographs. The Women's Art Movement (WAM) donated their records which includes, posters, minutes, correspondence, prints, and a newsletter. WAM was also involved with the Women's Art Register so there are many slides of photographs of performance art and exhibitions along with a profile of slides showing the women's artwork. The Women's Advisory Unit donated their news clippings used for women's policy development and in highlighting women's needs. The Hindmarsh Women's Community Centre, Women's Studies Resource Centre pamphlets and information on a wide range of women's services and issues. Individuals including Sue Sheridan, Molly Brannigan, Sylvia Kinder, Frances Phoenix, Suzi Jones, Annie Dugdale and Margaret King and Robin Eagle donated posters, information, and papers. Sandra Grimes donated her collection of audio and video interviews with bar women in Adelaide done for her Ph D thesis. Janet Maughan donated her scrapbooks on many feminist issues. Silver Moon donated the Women's Environmental Action Group and the Unemployed women's Union papers. The St Peters Women's Community Centre now called the Women's Community Centre donated records. The collection was documented until the late 1990s,\u00a0when the collective was reduced to a few dedicated members. While the collection was accessed from time to time by various researchers the collective decided to hand the collection over to the State Library of South Australia in 2009.\nAs part of the process of moving the Archive from the Women's Studies Resource Centre to the State Library, the records of The St Peters Women's Community Centre, now called the Women's Community Centre, were returned upon their request. There is a separate entry to these records in the AWAP register.\nThere were a number of journals and newsletters with the Archive and these have now been donated to various libraries in Australia including to the Women's Studies Resource Centre.\u00a0\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sylvia-kinder-summary-record\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women for Survival", "Entry ID": "PR00097", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-for-survival\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Anti-nuclear organisation, Non-violent organisation, Peace organisation", "Summary": "Women For Survival was a national feminist peace coalition. It was formed in 1983, as an umbrella organisation to bring together the various feminist peace groups around Australia in order to coordinate the Pine Gap Women's Peace Camp planned for November that year. The two week vigil in November 1983 at Pine Gap, just outside of Alice Springs, sought to demonstrate support for the women of the peace camps at Greenham Common (United Kingdom) and Comiso (Italy), and to bring to public attention the secrecy of the US Base and Australia's vulnerability as a nuclear target. It maintained a philosophy of collectivity, consensus and collaboration, using non-violent direct action and creativity in its approach to protest.\nWFS published a newsletter - Survival News - and held national conferences. Another national protest was organized the following year at Cockburn Sound in Western Australia - the Sound Women's Peace Camp in December 1984. Local actions by branches coincided with the peace camps, and continued in their involvement in protests against Salisbury Defence Centre (South Australia), Roxy Downs (South Australia), Lucas Heights (New South Wales), and the hosting of United States nuclear-capable warships. Women For Survival was part of an international women's peace movement at the end of the Cold War with the formidable threat of nuclear war.\n", "Details": "Women For Survival was a national feminist peace coalition. It was formed in 1983, as an umbrella organisation to bring together the various feminist peace groups around Australia in order to coordinate the Pine Gap Women's Peace Camp planned for November that year. It initially included: Feminists Against Nuclear Energy (FANE) in Sydney, Feminist Anti-Nuclear Group (FANG) in Canberra and Adelaide, Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament (WAND) in Perth, Campaign Against Nuclear Energy (CANE) in Perth and Adelaide, and Women's Action Against Global Violence (WAAGV) in Sydney which formed by Ananda Marga women. As Women For Survival (WFS), many more branches were established outside of the metropolitan centres, including in Townsville, Cairns, Atherton, Nimbin, Armidale, Uralla, Alice Springs, Darwin, Brisbane, and Hobart. The organization published regular newsletters - 'Survival News' - which were the edited by various branches on a rotational basis to update members on plans for the peace protest. Those members in Alice Springs had the responsibility of negotiating with the local community as well as planning the practicalities of the Pine Gap action. They liaised with local Indigenous groups out of respect and support for the Aboriginal land rights, and Aboriginal women participated in key moments of the protest. Some high profile Aboriginal activists like Shirley C. Smith, known as 'MumShirl', came from Sydney to lead the march on the first day beside local Indigenous women.\nThe two week vigil in November 1983 at the Joint Defence Space Research Facility at Pine Gap, just outside of Alice Springs, sought to demonstrate support for the women of the peace camps at Greenham Common (UK) and Comiso (Italy), and to bring to public attention the secrecy of the US Base and Australia's vulnerability as a nuclear target. Women For Survival felt that the base at Pine Gap symbolised global violence, being part of a continuum of violence against women and children systemically embedded in patriarchy and imperialism.\nThe protest was a massive organizational feat, which drew around 800 women to central Australia in the November desert heat. It was organized around principles of collectivity, consensus, and collaboration, with every woman belonging to an affinity group for support, security, decision-making processes and cooperative domestic tasks. Workshops before the protest were conducted on non-violent direct action, racism, the law, and media management.\nIt was a particularly creative culture, using dance, song, theatre, installation, silence, tea parties, balloon releases, workshops and speeches as modes of protest. A Double Our Numbers banner project enabled women who were unable to attend to paint themselves or a heroine life-sized on a banner, which was then taken to the event and displayed.\nOn November 13th women scrambled over the fence and held a Boston Tea Party on the green lawns of the Base. When they began walking toward the buildings 111 women were arrested for trespass, each giving their name as 'Karen Silkwood', an important anti-nuclear campaigner. The Peace Camp gained much media attention nationally and abroad, particularly the mass arrest. Complaints of police mistreated were made around the arrests, and a Human Rights Enquiry followed.\nAfter the success of the Pine Gap action, the first of a number of annual national conferences was held in 1984 over the Easter in Adelaide. Another national action was planned for later that year: the Sound Women's Peace Camp. A Sound Women's Collective was formed and the event was organized through the Western Australian group, WAND. It was held in December 1984 at Point Perron in Cockburn Sound, near the HMAS Stirling Naval Base on Garden Island and close to Fremantle where nuclear capable US warships frequently docked and utilized the services of local women for 'rest and recreation'. An innovative Peace Train was organized with the railways and unions to bring women from the Eastern states for this action, but the costs became burdensome; the Peace train was transformed into a Road Train, a cavalcade of buses travelling together, but even this proved impossible to coordinate. The memory and idyll of the Peace Train remains however in posters and newsletter images, which are testament to its ingenuity. This was the last national peace camp, although national conferences continued for some years after.\nLocal actions continued to be organized by branches. For example, Adelaide WFS established a women's camp at Salisbury Defence Research Centre on International Women's Day for Disarmament on May 24, 1984. They were also involved in the Roxby Downs Blockade organized by Campaign Against Nuclear Energy (CANE). Sydney branches were similarly involved in actions at Lucas Heights. Darwin WFS picketed the wharf to prevent the export of uranium, Perth mounted protests against US navy warships docking, and Canberra rallied during the ALP conference in 1984. Branches conducted simultaneous actions during the national protests.\nMembers of Women for Survival members include Biff Ward, Briony Monahan and Barbara McLennan.\nArchival material for WFS is lodged at the following (the first 3 contain the bulk of material):\nJessie Street National Women's Library (Sydney)\nMelbourne University Archives (Victorian Women's Liberation and Lesbian Feminist Archive)\nWomen's Studies Resource Centre, Adelaide\nFryer Library (UQ)\nMurdoch University Library (GALAWA Collection)\nJames Cook University Library (Trewern Collection)\nNational Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame (Alice Springs)\nNational Film and Sound Archive\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/elizabeth-ward-interviewed-by-sara-dowse-sound-recording\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/act-feminist-anti-nuclear-group-fang-collection-njsn_ac-023\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-liberation-movement-2\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Sound Women's Collective", "Entry ID": "PR00100", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/sound-womens-collective\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Political organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "Sound Women's Peace Collective was formed from Women For Survival after their successful Pine Gap Women's Peace Camp in 1983 to organize another national women's protest at Cockburn Sound, WA. The Western Australian group, Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament, played a key role in preparing this event. It was held in December 1-14, 1984 at Point Perron in Cockburn Sound, near the HMAS Stirling Naval Base on Garden Island and close to Fremantle where nuclear capable US warships frequently docked and utilized the services of local women for 'rest and recreation'. An innovative Peace Train was organized with the railways and unions to bring women from the Eastern states for this action, but the costs became burdensome; the Peace train was transformed into a Road Train, a cavalcade of buses travelling together, but even this proved impossible to coordinate. The memory and idyll of the Peace Train remains however in posters and newsletter images, which are testament to its ingenuity.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement", "Entry ID": "PR00102", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia", "Death Place": "Hindmarsh, South Australia, Australia", "Occupations": "Feminist organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement began at the University of Adelaide in 1968, inspired by the women who were active in Young Labor, and the anti-Vietnam war campaign. These women questioned their role in these organisations and vented their frustration about these male dominated groups.\nAnna Yeatman, Anne Summers and Julie Ellis are credited with starting the feminist newsletters Sisterhood and Body Political. By late 1969 they produced Liberation, the Adelaide Women's Liberation Newsletter which replaced Sisterhood.\nTheir first protest was against the Miss Fresher competition, which brought media focus to the expression of their feminist ideals for women's liberation. Public meetings where called and the broader community involvement brought about the establishment of the Women's Liberation Movement housed at Bloor House situated in Bloor Court off Currie Street, in Adelaide. They provided an environment where ideas for supporting women's rights were fostered.\nThe Group wrote a Women's manifesto which was published in Liberation newsletter in June 1971. The Adelaide Women's Liberation Group took part in the first Women's Liberation Conference in Melbourne in 1970.\nThe Women's Liberation Movement in Adelaide was the catalyst for the establishment of the Women's Health Centre at Hindmarsh, The Rape Crisis Centre, Women's Studies Resource Centre, Abortion Action Campaign, St Peters Women's Community Centre, Women's Health Centres at Christies Beach and Elizabeth. They lobbied for Women's Studies to be part of tertiary education, women's representation in parliament, a Working Women's Centre to protect women's working rights, the Women's Peace Movement. Bloor House provided a space for women to express their personal political ideas and to get feedback and support. The Women's Liberation Movement moved from Bloor House to Eden St in Adelaide and then to Mary St, Hindmarsh were it was closed in 1989.\n", "Details": "The Adelaide Women's Liberation Movement began at the University of Adelaide in 1968. The early group of women's liberationist had their roots in left politics on campus , although they later joined with socialist women to fight for women's rights.\nInspired by protests overseas against The Miss America Pagent which made the news in Australia, Adelaide feminists protested against the 'Miss fresher' pageant held on campus, as a way of openly questioning their roles and the treatment of women in society.\nThey called public meetings and solicited broader community involvement and in so doing established a movement big enough to need premises. They were first housed at Bloor House in Bloor Court off Currie Street in Adelaide. A priority was to create a safe space where women could share information and create resource that would be useful to other women.\nOnce this safe space of support and solidarity was created, the Women's Liberation Movement in Adelaide was the catalyst for the establishment of the Women's Health Centre at Hindmarsh, The Rape Crisis Centre, the Women's Studies Resource Centre, Women's Abortion Campaign, St Peters Women's Community Centre, Women's Health Centers at Christies Beach and Elizabeth. They lobbied for Women's Studies to be part of tertiary education, for women's representation in parliaments, the Women's Peace Movement and a Working Women's Centre to protect women's right in the workplace. A group of Women's Liberationist established themselves in major country towns as well in the metropolitan centres.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/womens-movement-south-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/herstory-of-adelaide-womens-liberation-1969-1974\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/liberation\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-the-women-against-rape-coalition-war\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/hindmarsh-womens-community-health-centre-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-summary-record\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/adelaide-womens-liberation-movement-archives-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Brisbane Women's Club", "Entry ID": "PR00162", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brisbane-womens-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation, Women's reform group, Women's Rights Organisation", "Summary": "One of the oldest women's clubs in Queensland, the Brisbane Women's Club was formed in 1908 under the sponsorship of the Queensland Women's Electoral League. Originally called the Women's Progressive Club, the name was changed to the Brisbane Women's Club in May 1912. Ardent feminist and women's rights campaigner Margaret Ogg was one of the 59 founding members.\nThe objectives of the club were to provide a social centre for women workers in the cause of reform and to encourage free discussion on subjects of public importance, including social, political and municipal matters. The club lobbied the Brisbane City Council and the State Government for the betterment of the community. In an effort to improve the life of rural women, the club was instrumental in the establishment of the Queensland Country Women's Association in 1922 and the Bush Book Club in 1921. The Brisbane Women's Club celebrated its centenary in 2008 and continues to provide a social and cultural centre with a philanthropic charter.\n", "Details": "Margaret Ogg is credited with founding the Brisbane Women's Club and it was under her guidance members became a driving force to develop Brisbane into a better place for women to live and work. The Brisbane Women's Club was a place where women were encouraged to take on leadership roles and fulfil their potential. The first club premises were in a building on the corner of Adelaide and Albert Streets. For many years contributions were made to a building fund and eventually the club bought its own building at 107 Albert Street in 1964.\nThe Brisbane Women's Club met every second and fourth Thursday of each month, with the second Thursday dedicated to social activities while the fourth Thursday was educational. Invited guests would present a paper at these meetings. In 1913 Margaret Ogg suggested holding frequent debates among members to encourage public speaking. The first debate was held on 3 August and the topic for discussion was 'Should Women Enter Parliament'.\nDuring both world wars, the Brisbane Women's Club ran the War Work Circle. Members would knit and sew for refugees and soldiers and raise funds for the Red Cross. They worked in groups to weave 126 camouflage nets and make over 2500 articles of clothing. Brisbane Women's Club members served in World War I, World War II and the Vietnam War. Club members met immigrant ships at the docks to welcome and assist young girls arriving in Brisbane. They also established the Traveller's Aid Society in 1929, which assisted confused and tired travellers arriving in Brisbane to get to their accommodation or connecting plane, bus, tram or train.\nThe club sponsored such reforms as:\n\nwaiting sheds for tram passengers\nnumbering tram stops\nname plates on trees in the Botanical Gardens\ndating milk bottles\nerecting a shelter shed on North Quay\ninstalling traffic lights at busy intersections\nthe supply of milk for school children\nzebra crossings outside schools\nbetter street lighting\nequal pay for women\nthe removal of the double standard in divorce laws\nthe right of women to sit on juries\nthe establishment of baby clinics\nchanges to laws that would allow women to be elected to local councils and to sit on governing boards\nthe introduction of domestic science for schoolgirls into the Queensland school curriculum\n\nThe club had a strong connection with the National Council of Women, the Queensland Women's Electoral League, the Brisbane Lyceum Club, the Queensland Deaf & Dumb Mission, the Queensland Bush Book Club, the Mission to Seamen, the Country Women's Association and the Cr\u00e8che and Kindergarten Association.\nUpon Margaret Ogg's death in 1953, the club established a scholastic bursary in her memory. It was to be awarded to the girl who gained the highest marks in social studies in the Scholarship examination. In 1970 the Margaret Ogg Memorial Bursary was created for the best short story in the Warana Writer's Competition for under 18 year olds. The winner received a book prize. In 2009 the Brisbane Women's Club and Yvonne Haysom Bursary takes the form of a scholarship that is open to students of the Conservatorium of Music, Griffith University. It is valued at $1000 and is awarded annually to a female undergraduate studying in the creative arts.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/annual-report-and-financial-statements-brisbane-womens-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/28405-brisbane-womens-club-records-1908-2013\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/newsletter-brisbane-womens-club\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/7976-brisbane-womens-club-records-1908-2008\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/28386-dining-room-of-brisbane-womens-club-work-of-art-1930\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/ephemera-relating-to-womens-movement-organisations\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Lyceum Club Brisbane Incorporated", "Entry ID": "PR00247", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyceum-club-brisbane-incorporated\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Occupations": "Women's organisation", "Summary": "The Lyceum Club Brisbane, founded in 1919, was directly modelled on the London Lyceum Club. It is a club for women interested in the arts, science, contemporary issues and the pursuit of lifelong learning. The club is apolitical and non-sectarian. Membership of the club is open to women who have university, conservatorium or other tertiary qualifications of a standard approved by the Management Committee; have published original work in literature, science, art or music; or have given important public service\n", "Details": "In May 1914 a small group of women met to discuss the possibility of forming a Lyceum Club, and a letter was sent to the London Lyceum Club requesting information. The reply stated that 50 members were required to form a club. Some of the women became international members of the London Lyceum Club, including Miss Margaret Ogg, who acted as chair of the group and Miss May Paten, a writer, as secretary.\nThe group met on and off but it was difficult for them to reach the required number of 50 members, especially with World War I intervening. However, by 1919, they felt that there was sufficient interest to go ahead with calling for members. They placed a notice in the Brisbane Courier of Wednesday 30 April 1919, inviting interested women to attend a meeting of Brisbane members of the London Lyceum Club at the Brisbane Women's Club on Friday 2 May at 8.00 pm. The notice gave information about Lyceum.\nAt the meeting Margaret Ogg explained the objective of the meeting was to form a Queensland Branch of the London Lyceum Club, which would act as a common meeting ground for university graduates and the teaching, journalistic, medical, dental and legal professions. That evening all present formed themselves into a new general committee with a sub-committee nominated to draw up a constitution and rules. Miss Margaret Ogg was elected President and Miss Paten Honorary Secretary.\nThe annual subscription was set at 10 shillings with an entrance fee of the same amount. It was decided to meet on the first Monday of the month and this practice continues today. In those early times the meetings were held at 8.00pm, evening dress was always worn and continued to be worn for many years, certainly up to the mid 1950s. The President's chair was made in 1936 by a then well known furniture maker, Mr Gordon. Mrs Eva Robson was president at the time and the chair was in memory of Mrs Mary Munro who had preceded Mrs Robson as president.\nToday the objectives of the Lyceum Club are to:\n\nAssociate in a non-political, non-sectarian social club, women of all nations who are interested in the advancement of literature, science, the arts and music, and who desire to promote that good feeling and comradeship which can result only from a knowledge acquired by a personal association \nAfford to its members all the usual privileges, advantages, conveniences and accommodations of a club \nProvide and maintain a club house or club rooms for the use of the members of the Association \nOrganise study circles on topics central to the members' interests \nArrange lectures, entertainment and other functions \nEffect liaison with practising members and to encourage students of disciplines within the varied areas of interest of members \nAffiliate, through the Australian Association of Lyceum Clubs, with the International Association of Lyceum Clubs.\n\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/early-days-of-brisbane-lyceum\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/lyceum-club-brisbane-incorporated-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-1694-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/tr-2080-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-records-1998-2000\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-1453-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-records\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-1229-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-newsletter\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-1600-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-records-1995-1996%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5r-1600-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-records-1995-1996%e2%86%b5%e2%86%b5r-1600-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-records-1995-1996\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/r-1218-lyceum-club-brisbane-inc-records-1931-1994-2013\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Geelong Girls' Unity Club", "Entry ID": "PR00524", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-girls-unity-club\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "GeelongGeelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Community organisation, Social support organisation, Sporting Organisation", "Summary": "In 1924 a committee of middle-class women of Geelong, concerned that girls beginning work at fourteen were not fully prepared for life, met to form the Blue Triangle Community.\u00a0Their stated aim was 'to help Girls to find the best in life by offering opportunities to develop all their powers'.\u00a0Employers provided support, including an annual donation.\u00a0Industry-based teams played basketball on Saturday afternoons, and\u00a0\u00a0tennis clubs and a swimming club were formed.\u00a0Club rooms were secured, and educational and social activities were held for Senior girls (those over 20) and\u00a0 younger 'Girl Citizens'. \u00a0They included sex education. A Friday night 'At Home' and Sunday teas were instituted. Volunteers visited workplaces each pay day to collect money to bank on the girls' behalf, a summer camp was run to provide an annual holiday at a reasonable cost, and opportunities were provided for service to the community.\u00a0\n", "Details": "Chronology\n1929 & 1933:\u00a0The Community tried closer co-operation with the YWCA. Though their concerns overlapped, the Blue Triangle Community had its own clearly defined purpose, and both attempts were abandoned.\u00a0\n1935:\u00a0The name of the organisation was changed to the 'Geelong Girl's Unity Club', to avoid confusion with the YWCA, and its 'Blue Triangle Forward Movement Appeal'.\n1936:\u00a0Junior girls severed their connection with the Girls Citizens movement.\n1927:\u00a0The Club affiliated with the Women's Peace Movement.\n1939:\u00a0A former members' club formed, becoming the Unity Club Auxiliary.\n1944:\u00a0The club affiliated with the new branch of the National Council of Women of Victoria.\n1942:\u00a0The club instituted a luncheon hour for business girls to bring in lunches.\n1948:\u00a0'Teens Club' begun.\n1956:\u00a0'Young Marrieds' Club' begun.\n1963:\u00a0'The Younger Set' formed, in which Teens, Young Married and others combined for sporting events.\n1965:\u00a0With attendance down, the Club dissolved.\u00a0The Unity Basket ball Association was self-supporting, and continued.\u00a0It still operates today, as the Geelong Unity Netball Association Inc.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/shes-game-women-making-australian-sporting-history-2\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-girls-unity-club-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/freeman-may-collection\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Geelong and Western District Ladies Benevolent Association", "Entry ID": "PR00637", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-and-western-district-ladies-benevolent-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Geelong and Western District Ladies Benevolent Association is a non-sectarian philanthropic organisation, whose aims on formation were to provide emergency relief to the poor, in particular to women, and homes for 'aged helpless females'.\nThe demands on their services rose and fell with economic circumstances such as the collapse of the land boom.\u00a0 The\u00a0advent of the aged pension, and later the extension of Government welfare, reduced the call on their services in the early - mid-twentieth century.\u00a0The Association is still in existence, providing assistance during illness and other misfortunes.\n", "Details": "The Geelong and Western District Female Benevolent Association was formed on 23 June, 1855, with Miss Caroline Newcomb of Coryule as its inaugural President.\nMoney was raised through government grants, subscription fees, donations, including bequests, and fundraising, though not by public appeal. Subscribers referred cases to the committee for consideration. Homes were built through grants from the government and charitable trusts (Baxter Homes, in 1983), personal bequest (Haimes Memorial Houses, in 1895-6) and personal endowment The homes endowed by Elizabeth Phillips Austin, erected in 1887, were, as Heritage Victoria notes, endowed by a woman, and owned and managed by a charitable institution run by women, for the benefit of women in reduced circumstances.\nThe Society ran a free kindergarten in Yarra Street for nearly 100 years, and Upton House in Queenscliff, to provide holidays for women.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/victorian-heritage-database\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/a-history-of-geelong-and-corio-bay\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-western-district-ladies-benevolent-association\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Geelong District Nursing Society", "Entry ID": "PR00668", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-district-nursing-society\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Voluntary community support organisation", "Summary": "The Geelong District Nursing Society (For Nursing the Sick Poor in their own Homes) was founded on 1 February 1907.\u00a0An initial meeting was convened by Geelong's Lady Mayoress, Mrs Bostock, in October 1906, which was presided over by the mayor, and a committee formed of volunteer workers.\u00a0The first nurse, Miss Edwards, was engaged and began work on 31 January 1907.\u00a0By the mid -twenties, a car had been purchased for the nurses' use. \u00a0The Society was funded by donations, bequests and subscriptions, grants from the Hospitals and Charities Commission, and collections, and received support from the Geelong Hospital.\u00a0The Society applied to the Ladies' Benevolent Society when help was needed for a patient, relieved distress where extra nourishment was needed, and distributed parcels donated by Geelong societies to patients at Christmas.\u00a0Though they deleted the words 'poor and needy' from the description of their work in 1960, by 1980 demand for the Society's services had risen, because of the aging population, the policy of early discharge from hospital, and the desire to nurse the aged and terminally ill in their own homes.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/geelong-district-nursing-service\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Women on Farms Gatherings", "Entry ID": "PR00727", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-farms-gatherings\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Occupations": "Social support organisation", "Summary": "The first Women on Farms Gathering was held in Warragul, Victoria, in 1990. The Gatherings have been held annually in different rural locations across the state since that time, with organisation handed over to an autonomous committee of local women each year. Women from Queensland, Tasmania and New South Wales attended the fifth gathering in Tallangatta in 1993, and the movement spread to Queensland and New South Wales in 1993, and Tasmania in 1994. Held over a weekend, the Gatherings bring together rural women to learn new skills, share stories and, especially in the beginning, to reaffirm their identity as farmers. They were a vital thread in the women in agriculture movement, providing a public collective space for women to build an alternative knowledge about their disadvantaged position in farming, and fostering a political voice.\n", "Details": "In 1989, a Women on Farms Discussion group grew out of participation in the Women On Farms skills courses at Warragul. The group began planning for the first Women on Farms Gathering, which was held in Warragul the next year. The Rural Women's Network and Women in Agriculture Project Officers in the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs supported both the discussion group, and the planning of the gathering, as did representatives of the McMillan Rural Studies Centre in Warragul and PROCEED Continuing Education Centre. Storytelling is central to the Gatherings, raising the consciousness in women of their relative disadvantage and marginalisation, and affirming their identities as farmers, rather than farmers' wives. Research by early participating academics such as Ruth Liepins and Margaret Alston gave additional depth to their knowledge.\nWorkshops at the Gatherings developed women's practical on-farm skills, and also developed the confidence and skills needed for political roles.\nEach Gathering chooses an object to symbolise the stories and experiences of rural women. In 2003 a partnership was established with Museum Victoria to preserve these artefacts - the speeches, poems, icons, songs and themes - in the Women on Farm Gatherings Heritage Collection. This collection of living history is monitored by a Heritage Group made up of past participants, and representatives from Museum Victoria, Monash University and Department for Victorian Communities.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invisible-farmer-a-report-on-australian-farm-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-victorian-women-on-farms-gatherings-a-case-study-of-the-australian-women-in-agriculture-movement\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/motherboards-and-desert-sands-stories-of-australian-rural-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/creating-collaborative-living-history-the-case-of-the-women-on-farms-gathering-heritage-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-in-agriculture-a-geography-of-australian-agricultural-activism-2\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-rural-women-visible-a-living-history-of-the-victorian-women-on-farms-gathering-wofg-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-farms-gathering-heritage-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/catherine-mclennan-with-lyn-johnson-interview\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Women in Agriculture Movement", "Entry ID": "PR00733", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-women-in-agriculture-movement\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Victoria", "Occupations": "Political organisation, Social action organisation", "Summary": "The Australian Women in Agriculture Movement had its beginnings in the state of Victoria. It involves a number of interconnected organisations, networks and community groups that emerged in Australia in the 1990s, although its roots spread back through the previous decade. It was driven by the desire of farm women for visibility and recognition of their contribution, for a greater role in decision making, and for a hearing for their broader concerns, which focussed on community, social justice and the environment, as well as productivity\n", "Details": "The impetus for the mobilisation of Victorian farm women in what came to be known as the Women in Agriculture movement was the farm crisis of the 1980s: severe drought in 1982- 83 combined with contracting world markets, reduction in government support, overproduction and declining terms of trade. Women took over the labour of previously employed farm workers, or took paid work off-farm to support its financial viability. At the same time, their concerns for the pressure of the crisis on community, family and the environment, and their proposed solutions, were not being heard, and male-dominated industry bodies did not provide an outlet for their leadership.\nSecond wave feminism was having an impact at Government level, through femocrats appointed to advance the interests of women, and in Victoria in particular the agenda of the state government complemented that of the farm women. The farm women received funding and femocrat guidance and support through the Department of Agriculture.\nNetworking, sharing and uniting has been a feature of the movement. It comprised inter-connected events, organisations and activists, of which the following is a brief, but not exhaustive, list.:\n1979 Conference, in Melbourne: 'The Woman in Country Australia Looks Ahead'. This conference was convened by Brian Clarke, of the McMillan Rural Studies Centre in Warragul, which would be the launching pad for the Women on Farms Gatherings.\n1982 Conference in Melbourne: 'Women in Agriculture: Expanding our Spheres of Influence'. This conference was organised by two Victorian farming women, Lyn Johnston and Alison Teese.\n1984 Fifty seminars held by Department of Agriculture and local groups across Victoria, in response to a need noted by Frank McClelland of the Department to help women to gain practical and financial skills, and support in the drought and rural recession.\n1985 Self-help groups such as Women in Agriculture - Victorian Mallee Group (Jan Adcock, co-ordinator) emerged out of the seminars.\n1986 The Rural Women's Network set up under the auspices of the Office of Rural Affairs. Women who were sensitive to rural women's needs were in power in the Cain government.\n1987 Farm Gate Learning program began in North-East Victoria to allow women to increase skills. Community based education centres in the 1980s had responded to this need.\n1988 Women on Farms skills courses developed for women in West Gippsland, and held in Warragul. Women on Farms discussion group convened.\n1990 Inaugural Women on Farms Gathering held in Warragul.\n1992 Julie Williams authored a government-funded report entitled, 'The Invisible Farmer: A Summary Report of Australian Farm Women'. Women made clear their wish to be acknowledged as farmers.\n- Liz Hogan, of the Rural Women's Network, convened a state-wide meeting, in Ballarat, of activists, academics and women's group leaders, from which arose the Australian Women in Agriculture peak organisation, and the committee which organised the First International Women in Agriculture Conference.\n1994 First International Women in Agriculture Conference held at the University of Melbourne in July. A second peak body, Foundation for Australian Agricultural Women created on last day.\nFrom Victoria, the movement in all its forms spread interstate, then overseas in the form of the international conferences. In post-conference activities, the needs of women identified at the conference for leadership and business skills, for recognition, and for greater participation in decision making were addressed in workshops and forums, classes and gatherings at local, national, international levels.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-invisible-farmer-a-report-on-australian-farm-women\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/breaking-through-the-grass-ceiling-women-power-leadership-in-rural-australia\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/managing-the-woman-issue-the-australian-state-and-the-case-of-women-in-agri-politics\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/time-space-geometries-of-activism-and-the-case-of-mis-placing-gender-in-australian-agriculture\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/making-rural-women-visible-a-living-history-of-the-victorian-women-on-farms-gathering-wofg-community\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/women-on-farms-gathering-heritage-collection\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-mary-salce-1976-2007-manuscript\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "The Knickers Fund", "Entry ID": "PR00831", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/the-knickers-fund\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Bendigo, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Philanthropic organisation", "Summary": "The Knickers Fund was\u00a0 a philanthropic fund initiated and ultimately administered by the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Inc. from 1998 to 2006.\u00a0The fund aimed to give 'women in tragedy a glimpse of humour and of caring', from farm women to farm women, to enable them to buy the small, and otherwise impossible,\u00a0comforts which helped them face the demands of a particularly challenging time, such as economic crisis, or the aftermath of floods after drought.\u00a0\u00a0\n", "Details": "The Knickers Fund was the initiative of Joy Chambers and the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group.\u00a0It began during a trip to Melbourne in 1998, to take part in a teleconference link to the Australian delegates at the 2nd International Women in Agriculture Conference.\u00a0The women were alerted to the plight of women in Gippsland, who were experiencing floods, after drought.\u00a0These women put their families' financial needs first, and were unable, in the words of one women, to even afford to request new underwear for their birthday.\u00a0The women took up a collection, and went to the Victoria Market, where they purchased the new underwear, and the Knickers Fund was born.\u00a0It came into formal being in August of that year, at the monthly meeting of the CVWiA.\u00a0\nThe Bendigo Bank was chosen to support and facilitate the fund.\u00a0Initially it was \u00a0envisaged that it would be rotated through the committees in the various regions which hosted the annual Women on Farms Gatherings, to use according to its aims, then replenish, and pass on.\u00a0The fund aimed to give 'women in tragedy a glimpse of humour and of caring'- to enable them to buy the small comforts - a dressing gown, a haircut - \u00a0which helped them face the challenge. A second possibility was that it would be passed to women in an area experiencing disaster. The community in need would be the Fund Controlling Group, and would replenish the fund when they were back on their feet, passing it along to the next group in need, 'from women to women'.\u00a0A logo was designed, featuring lace.\u00a0In the event, the fund stayed with the Central Victorian women, and it was distributed to women on farms experiencing financial difficulty, with a personal note, and a flyer detailing the history of the fund, as they were brought to their attention through a travelling farm consultant.\u00a0When the Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group was wound up in 2006, it was decided after a number of meetings to transfer the funds to the Loddon-Murray Community Leadership Program, which had helped members achieve some of their key aims.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Inc.", "Entry ID": "PR00832", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-inc\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Birth Place": "Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia", "Death Place": "Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia", "Occupations": "Social activist organisation", "Summary": "The Central Victorian Women in Agriculture group was formed in the aftermath of the First International Women in Agriculture Conference.\u00a0 Many of its original members had helped to organise the conference, and the organisation aimed to support women of Central Victoria to achieve the goals highlighted by the conference:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0to establish a supportive network, stimulate women to recognise and value their skills and abilities, to give women the chance to gain confidence and\u00a0make a difference in their industry and community, to encourage and provide knowledge and practical skills, and to strengthen Australian agriculture through strong partnerships.\u00a0The organisation was successful in its aims, its members going on to positions on industry boards, as representatives of state and national organisations,\u00a0and in local government , and it was wound up in 2006.\u00a0\n", "Details": "The Central Victorian Women in Agriculture Group was formed in the aftermath of the 1994 First International Women in Agriculture Conference.\u00a0Women from the area, including Janet Barker, Joy Chambers, Laurene Dietrich, Audrey Drechsler and Maureen Walsh, had been closely involved with the organisation of the Conference.\u00a0The aims of the group reflected the needs highlighted by the Conference, and the aims of the Women in Agriculture Movement as a whole:\u00a0to establish a supportive network, stimulate women to recognise and value their skills and abilities, to give women the chance to gain confidence to 'step out of their comfort zone' to make a difference in their industry and community, to encourage and provide knowledge and practical skills, and to strengthen Australian agriculture through strong partnerships.\u00a0The group incorporated, and produced a newsletter.\u00a0It was involved in skills and leadership education and lobbied politicians, it organised a Shire rate deferral for those affected by drought, and hosted exchanges form other areas, and from overseas.\u00a0The group, at the instigation of Joy Chambers, was responsible for the establishment of the Knickers Fund, set up to provide small comforts to women in areas affected by disaster.\u00a0They also organised the 1997 Women on Farms Gathering in Bendigo.\u00a0By 2004, with many of their members serving on Boards, as district representatives of State and National Organisations, or elected to Municipal Councils, and other wise active in their communities, the organisation had served its purpose, and in 2006 it disbanded.\u00a0It's banner is now with the Women on Farms Gathering Collection at Museum Victoria.\n", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/brilliant-ideas-and-huge-visions-abc-radio-australian-rural-women-of-the-year-1994-1997\/", "Archival Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/papers-of-audrey-drechsler-1979-2009-manuscript\/ \nhttps:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/central-victorian-women-in-agriculture-papers\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Law Students' Association", "Entry ID": "AWE5378", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-law-students-association\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" }, { "Title\/Name": "Australian Council of Trade Unions", "Entry ID": "AWE5380", "Entry URL": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/australian-council-of-trade-unions\/", "Type": "Organisation", "Published Resources": "https:\/\/www.womenaustralia.info\/entries\/trove\/" } ]