The Ukrainian women who came to Australia in the period immediately after the second world war were highly organised at a very early stage. This, in part, can be explained by the fact that they regarded themselves to be simply 'renewing' pre-exisitng assocations that were established in the Ukraine some years earlier. The National Women's Council founded in Ukraine iin 1919 served Ukrainian women during the period of Ukrainian independence and continued its work in exile in Prague, Czechoslovakia until 1937 when the Ukrainian Women's Association in Lvov, Western Ukraine took upon itself the task of founding another co-ordinating centre - the World Association of Ukrainian Women. World War 2, however, terminated the work of this co-ordinating body.

As well as organising events and services for the local community, the organisation took a keen interest in the position of women back in the Ukraine. They circulated petitions to bring attention to human rights abuses of women under the Soviet system. For instance, the following petition was circulated in 1975:

'Among the violations are an alarming number of arrests and the persecution of Ukranian women, who have been sentenced under the Criminal Code for simply raising their voices in defence of basic human rights and dignity, opposing the forced russification of the Ukrainian language and culture, and objecting to the state imposition of atheism and suppression of the freedom of worship and the pervasive police control of private and family life.

Therefore, in the name of humanity and justice and in the spirit of the International Year of Women, we petition this House of parliament to intervene before the Government of the USSR and request it to grant amnesty to Ukrainian and other political prisoners in the USSR, and to allow them to return to their families and homeland with the restoration of all their citizen's rights. In particular we request that you intervene on behalf of the following women political prisoners:

Stasiv-Kalynec Iryna Onufrivna, Strokata_Karavanska Nina Antonivna, Svitlychna nadia Alexeivna, Shabatura Stefania Mychailivna, Oksana Popvych, inmates of camp p/ja ZH/CH 385/3 Potma, Mordovian ASSR, USSR.

Under these conditions, it was impossible for some immigrants to leave their politics at the door.

Sources used to compile this entry: Ukrainian Women's Association in Australia of N.S.W. - records, 1949-1986, 1949 - 1986, MLMSS 4818 ADD-ON 2155; Ukrainian Women's Association in Australia of New South Wales; Mitchell and Dixson Libraries Manuscripts Collection, State Library of New South Wales.